Datasets:

mNLP-project

/

gpt2-finetuning

like 0

[ "g4fbe9n" ]

[ "There is generally two ways of selling a company. It can be a private deal between the old and new owners to transfer the ownership in return for some cash or shares. But it is also possible that the owners orders an emmision where the company will print new shares for the new owners to buy. The money will then go to the company to invest in things to improve their profit. The old owners still retain their shares but it is now a much smaller part of the ownership because the new owners also gets to own shares. It is also possible to see a combination of this where some new owners will first buy the shares from the old owners and then in the same motion issue new shares for themselves to buy so that the company will get more cash on hand." ]

[ 3 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g6v6wsu" ]

[ "Introducing anything to a wound, even air, can and will aggravate the nerve endings that are already firing to alert you to the problem that you have an injury and need to address it to prevent further damage. Alcohol and peroxide, both used for cleaning the wound, still sting even though what it's doing is \"good\", the nerve endings don't know this. All the nerves do know is that something is affecting the wound. Salt is a gritty solid crystal with some rather sharp edges on the microscopic level. Rubbing salt into a wound not only irritates the already active nerves, but is doing even more damage, aggravating even more nerves." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fr3sirg", "fr3o8l6" ]

[ "This is not depending on the browser, but the image. If it is stored as “progressive JPEG”, a lower resolution version can be shown first because the first bytes of the file contain a rough version which then gets more detailed when more data is available as download progresses. With increased download speeds, progressive JPEG fell a little bit out of fashion because it was no longer necessary." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "e5rdvd6" ]

[ "I would imagine you have chlorine byproducts that have dried on your lips and possibly in your mouth depending on if you swallowed any water as you swam. Then when you drink, those redissolve into whatever you're drinking. Should've showered thoroughly and maybe brushed your teeth first! Edited to add: Smell is a powerful component of taste. It could be you either got chlorinated water up your nose, or that your nose is so accustomed to the smell that your brain is processing as if the chlorine was still present, making the water taste bad." ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "fjg5flr" ]

[ "\\ > What are possible ways enterprises can connect to the Internet ? you connect through an ISP. \\ > How do specifically Small and Medium Enterprises can connect to Internet buy purchasing a fiber optic connection from an ISP. \\ > Is the Enterprise have to always use the BGP Peering with Internet Service Providers ? since you're connecting through an ISP, you don't have to worry about BGP." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f9kdj3r", "f9kdi19" ]

[ "Seasons are created by the earth's tilt, which doesn't require momentum. The Earth is always pointed in a particular direction, so for one part of the year the axis is pointing \"over\" the sun and another part it's pointing away from it. That affects how much sunlight a particular latitude gets over the course of a day, which is responsible for seasons." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [ "https://puu.sh/ELpEv/13743d581b.png" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ervzrr0", "erw7kgk", "erw0nmq", "erw4cya", "erwa7py", "erw8ytf", "erwew4f", "erwdado", "erwbtbr", "erwff99", "erw9wo8", "erwbuvu", "erwersu", "erwega9", "erwbj2t" ]

[ "[For some people, it is]( URL_2 ). They exercise themselves sick and push their bodies beyond what it can take. They exercise when they shouldn't, and allow it to interfere with their lives. Why one person gets addicted to something and another person doesn't isn't something that can be explained here. Different people are different: genetics, life experiences, psychology, biology, class, race, etc. And there's a fine line between \"I like doing this a lot and do it a lot\" and \"I am addicted to this.\" However, there are some *very broad* factors that you can apply to this specific kind of addiction. The first thing to note is that it's probably an addiction that is under-reported. When you're addicted to, say, meth it shows. It very obviously damages your body, and there are few, if any positive effects that meth has (except for very rare cases like when methamphetamines are prescribed for ADHD). In other words, no reasonable, rational person thinks that an addiction to meth can be anything but bad, including most meth users themselves. Addiction to exercising *feels* like not a terrible thing, superficially. Exercise has a lot of benefits. In moderation, it's good for you. Even more than moderate amounts is still mostly good for you. The negative effects usually don't show up until you're much older, and they're mostly fairly benign like joint problems. Nobody can look at someone else with a straight face and say, \"It's just meth, it's good for you, why are you worried?\" But it's pretty easy to say, \"I'm exercising, it's good for you!\" And then when they die of a heart attack, you just say, well they had a weak heart! It's hard to pin the blame on over exercising. And the other problems associated with addiction, like isolation and missing work are usually blamed on something else. There are a lot of addictive behaviors like that, that seem good and so they go unreported. But that doesn't mean people are just as likely to get addicted to running as they are to heroin and just don't talk about it. Exercise does release endorphins, but it also can hurt, a lot. It's painful and uncomfortable, sometimes, and hot and sweaty. The endorphin high that you get from it has to be better than the suffering you also get. For some people, exercising is very easy, and it doesn't hurt and it's not uncomfortable; but also, the high they get isn't super awesome, either. So it's good, they do it sometimes or often, and that's enough for them. It takes the right combination of endorphin high in spite of, or even *because of* the pain of exercise to make it addicting. And some people are just genetically predisposed for reasons scientists don't fully understand to being susceptible to addiction in general - could be cocaine, could be gambling, could be cigarettes, could be running. Or they don't get addicted to anything for whatever reason. Everything and anything that feels good can be addicting: gaming, gambling, sex, masturbation, porn, food, shopping. All of those things also tend to have drawbacks that mitigate that good feeling, and different people have different levels of self-control that says, no matter how good the good, and no matter how minor the bad, I can't just do this one thing without controlling myself. Some people, for a variety of reasons, find that they can't say no anymore, and it becomes an addiction. Drugs are usually addicting because they completely bypass the obvious drawbacks and punch you so hard in the feel-good part of your brain that the negative effects are nothing in comparison to the high that you get. There's no \"work hard for this and get a reward for your effort,\" it's just straight to the reward and all the downsides usually require some long-term thinking that you're not prepared to do when you're high, or coming down off of a high. They can also be chemically addictive, meaning they alter your brain chemistry artificially in ways that your normal internal chemistry can't, or can't easily. If you're chemically addicted, it means that your brain and/or body have adjusted so much to the presence of that chemical that, regardless of your behavior or your emotions, you are biologically no longer capable of functioning properly without it. Addictive behaviors can't do that, really. It's also important to recognize that addiction isn't just about one behavior being awesome. If you get a good endorphin high from enough other (hopefully healthy) things, you won't focus so hard on getting it from that one thing. Some people just don't make enough endorphins normally so they *have* to aggressively seek out behaviors that give them a boost, whatever that behavior is. And addiction has social factors, too. Isolation isn't just a symptom, it's a risk factor for addiction. Some people seek out behaviors because of the people around them. For instance, many people aren't addicted to exercise itself, but they are addicted to how they look, usually because of social pressure. They have [body dysmorphia]( URL_1 ) and work out obsessively to achieve the body they think is better than the one they have, even if their goals are unrealistic or downright dangerous. Bulimia and anorexia are perhaps the most well-known disorders associated with body dysmorphia, but people can obsess about gaining muscle as much as others obsess about losing fat. But again, different people are different. EDIT: Some comments seem to think I'm saying any compulsion to exercise at all makes it an addiction. That's not at all what I'm trying to say! It's an addiction when you want to stop, but don't. Not like, \"I'm really tired *right now* but I'll push through the pain to reach the end.\" Rather, when you're sitting at home thinking \"I've been to the gym for hours every day this week, I've reached my weight goal, I've achieved what I set out to do, I *need* to rest...\" and then you go exercise again anyway. It's an addiction when you start losing friends or lose your girlfriend or your family stops reaching out to you because you always blow them off to go exercise, even when you don't need to be doing it. It's an addiction when you start calling in sick from work and you're worried you'll get fired, but you still go exercise. It's an addiction when it literally does make you sick, your joints start degrading and your heart hurts and you *still* keep going to the gym or the track or getting on your bike. Just exercising a lot, even when you *probably* shouldn't isn't an addiction. EDIT: Added some stuff. **EDIT: Thank you for silver[s and gold]! However, in lieu of Reddit awards, please consider donating to a charity dedicated to helping people fighting addiction. Addiction is a health problem, not a criminal one, and those suffering from addiction need treatment, not incarceration. [This list of non-profits seems reputable if you aren't sure where to donate.]( URL_0 )**" ]

[ 3266 ]

[ [ "https://www.healthline.com/health/addiction/rehabilitation-nonprofits#1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_dysmorphic_disorder", "https://www.healthline.com/health/exercise-addiction" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/10/07/homing-in-on-the-source-of-runners-high/", "https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/38/5/536" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

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[ "dxihm55", "dxipf7j" ]

[ "Many genres of music use string instruments because 1) western pop music has been heavily influenced by the emergence of the guitar as a leading sound and hence include the guitar/bass in almost all songs, 2) worldwide there are *lots* of string instruments that each produce different and unique sounds (sitar in India, Guzheng in China, and all of the orchestral instruments in Europe) and mainly 3) you can play chords and sing over string instruments, where percussion and wind instruments are harder to play many notes or sing at the same time" ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "gwh4d03", "gwi524k" ]

[ "No. They are normal boards. You do have to break along the grain, however, or you'll have a broken hand. There are tricks tho, like putting the boards in the oven on low heat to completely dry them out. This makes it super easy to break, but easy to spot as cheating. I've thrown a couple of people out of tournaments for this." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "e64b7c3" ]

[ "Dried peas have starch in them, when heated the starch is loosened and absorbs water, as it cools down, those water saturated grains kinda-sorta interlock and thicken it. Much like how a roux or cornstarch can thicken gravy." ]

[ 4 ]

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[ "dz5u713", "dz5u0lz" ]

[ "Crying increases the size of the Glottis, to allow for more oxygen to pass through to your lungs. (This is what feels like the lump in your throat. When you need to eat again, this becomes a problem as the glottis (now swollen) needs to close and stop the food so it doesn't reach the larynx (voice box)" ]

[ 30 ]

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[ "gz1xhkv" ]

[ "So melanin here is what's to blame. This is what basically says what our skin/eye color will be and in babies both skin and eye color take a bit to get to the finish line. For skin it develops quite quicker (Can take up to 6 months) but for eyes it usually is expected at 9 months of age, but can take as long as three years. EDIT: cleaned comment up" ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "ebbx4ab" ]

[ "The Nielsen Company is a company that tracks Ratings, which is a percentage of a certain “universe” or demographic, watching a show out of the total number of television homes. For example, there are 120 million homes with a television, of that, 3,000,000 are watching Big Bang Theory on Thursday night, the rating for that episode of Big Bang Theory is 2.5. The Nielsen National sample is about 40,000 people, or about 5,000 homes, covering a range of demographics including age, sex, number of people in household, income distribution, and geographical location. They use tracking technology in cable box monitors, wearable “people monitors” that listen for specific frequencies in television channels, diaries that people manually log what they’ve watched, ad well as tracking through a networks streaming web page or app. Television Networks use this information to determine how their show is doing, as well as how much they can charge advertisers to show a commercial during that time." ]

[ 14 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "et4wody" ]

[ "Wet fingers will increase or decrease your ability to grip different kinds of materials. Licking your finger and touching something porous like paper will cause your finger to stick to the page, while licking your fingers and grabbing onto something solid like a jar of pickles will cause your fingers to slide." ]

[ 6 ]

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[ "dem9sux", "dema651", "demalg3", "demaf55", "deme831", "demg7jq", "demh6gc", "demb8dk", "demf02p", "demgiym", "demgx2a", "demeuog", "demgmcb", "demgspx", "demi24w", "demh8xu" ]

[ "They actually haven't, except in the public mindset caused from outright banning practice of many polytheistic religions in favor of Christianity. Shinto is still practiced and respected in Japan, and Greece legalized Hellenismos fairly recently. The populations are small, but they still exist, and try to argue against the commodification of the old religions." ]

[ 621 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://youtu.be/Fm1JS2EvAiY" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dni6mfw", "dnijde9" ]

[ "do you have a specific instance? losing a limb doesnt mean death, but its going to required medical treatment. police could photograph, fingerprint, and run DNA tests. If no match, keep it on file for future missing person reports. I doubt this really ever happens though." ]

[ 67 ]

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[ "delaej8" ]

[ "Not exactly. Denominations that believe in transubstantiation also don't think that Christ was merely human, but in fact the son of God. This includes the belief that he is *consubstantial*, that is, made of the same essence, as God the father. The typical idea of cannibalism doesn't really apply to that situation." ]

[ 4 ]

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[ "fv5lmax" ]

[ "Your forearms have a “rest“ state where antagonist muscles (the muscles for opening and closing your hand) each pull with the same force. It happens that this “rest“ state is neither completely opened hand nor completely closed. If you want to open or close your hand you need one set of muscle to actively pull “harder“ than their antagonist counterpart. One set flexes and the other is stretched but when you stop flexing, it reverts back to some kind of equilibrium position, in between the two extremes." ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "g5phcjo" ]

[ "The reason you don't think you can hear headphones externally is most likely your only exposure to headphones are closed-back. This style of headphones is super common and what most people use/think of. The backing plate on the exterior of the headphones acts as a bit of sound-deadening and prevents sound leaking in or out. Open-back headphones do not have this backing plate and so they will readily leak sound in and out. Even at medium volume settings, people around you will be able to hear what you are listening to with open back headphones." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "g761a43" ]

[ "There basically three kinds of light bulbs that work in slightly different ways. Old fashioned light bulbs designs, called incandescent or halogen, push a lot of electricity through a teeny-tiny wire. This makes the wire get very hot and makes it glow, like a candle or fire glows. This wastes a lot of electricity in heat, but they are cheap and easy to make. Fluorescent bulbs work filling a glass tube with a special gas and two metal caps on either end but no wire connects the plates. The electricity jumps from one plate to the other using the gas as the \"wire\" and the gas absorbs some of the electricity's \"energy\" . The gas releases the energy in the form of light that we cannot see. The inside of the glass tube is painted with a special white paint that absorbs the invisible-gas-light and the paint then gives off light in a color that we can see. So it's kind of a two step process. The LED bulb in the video works in two steps like fluorescent bulbs, only instead of metal plates and glass there is a special type of computer chip inside the base of the light bulb. The computer chip receives electricity and produces light in a very, very specific color. Some LEDs are blue, or red, or green, but a very PURE red or blue or green. That doesn't make a good light bulb unless you're in a submarine, helicopter, or on drugs. So they coat the inside of the bulb with the special white paint which absorbs the red, or blue, or green light and it gives off nice white light. What's probably happening in the video is when the electricity turns off, the last bits of electricity go through the computer chip and the white paint inside the bulb is giving off it's last bits of white light energy in pulses after the lamp is unplugged." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "di5q1cq", "di5pkgx", "di5p7aa", "di5p5qw" ]

[ "It's worth noting that it actually takes babies 2-3 years to learn to speak a language (to be fair they understand it in-depth much quicker than that, but speech takes a long time). By the age of 2 most children will be speaking and saying at least 1-2 word commands (\"Daddy car\", \"mummy gone\"), with many moving on to 3-4 word statements/mini-sentences (\"daddy go park\" that sort of thing). By comparison most adults could get from no language capability to a wide range of 1-2 word commands in a matter of days/weeks. And...If all they ever heard was the new language (which is what the child tends to experience) then the language acquisition will be likely faster than that (like what u/rewboss said)." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

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[ "e2ssxgy" ]

[ "They act as filters. The reason they appear colored is because they're only letting through light of that wavelength(s). Translucent objects still cast shadows. They're just not as dark as shadows from opaque objects. So the only light that gets through < color > stained glass is < color > . If < color > light hits a surface that reflects < color > (like white paint), then you'll see < color > in the shadow." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eb0013m", "eazpm6j", "eb00293" ]

[ "For social animals like humans and apes, grooming is a social adaptation that was used to bond with the tribe and was beneficial for removing parasites. For less social animals, it’s still a way of staying clean. Animals that don’t groom each other will still rub against trees or whatever to get things off their fur. Because removing dirt and parasites was an evolutionary advantage that promotes survival, the brain evolved to reward this type of behavior, making it feel good even to animals that don’t necessarily scratch each other in the wild. This is especially obvious when you consider where we like to be scratched (for humans, our backs, or for cats it’s often right by their tail). They’re the areas we can’t reach on our own." ]

[ 18 ]

[ [], [ "https://i.imgur.com/yucsReM.gif" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gt0ktvg", "gt0lhk0" ]

[ "It is called tacking, you can alter how the sails \"catch\" the wind, so can push you from side to side rather than in a single direction Sails actually work best when the wind is on the \"quarter\" rather than directly behind them so all the sails are being pushed. By tacking you can slowly in general head into the general wind direction, but never moving directly into the wind." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ecmxhad", "ecmxqgt" ]

[ "The S in STD is just the most common way of transferring these diseases. Some (like herpes) are actually transferred just by touch. Others are also bloodborne, etc. Two virgins wouldn't pass a disease only because they don't have the disease. That being said, if you recently got an STD from a virgin, I would still point you towards Dr. House's advice: \"Everybody Lies.\"" ]

[ 12 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stds/conditioninfo/infant" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fw8hc5i", "fw8kyan" ]

[ "Very similar to a stove. They have an element that heats up using electricity and that heats the water. There isn't a ton of water being heated, just a coffee pot (or less) full." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "efsgyuo", "efsiuf9" ]

[ "On July 1, 1867, with passage of the British North America Act, the Dominion of Canada was officially established as a self-governing entity within the British Empire. The passing of the Statute of Westminster in 1931 recognized that Canada had become co-equal with the United Kingdom. However the Queen is still the head of state for Canada." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e6ch5lg", "e6cgypj" ]

[ "This is so that such trucks won't have to carry extra spare tires. The dual wheel pairs in the rear are all composed of identical wheels. Each metal wheel is offset further than the edge of the tire, so that you can just put a pair back to back to create a dual set with a slight gap between tires, with the concave sides of the wheels facing out. The front (steering) tires generally have a different tread pattern than the rears, but the wheels are identical, so you can install the spare anywhere. On the front though, they're installed concave side in." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g6xx9o0", "g6xwsx5" ]

[ "You have an earth shaped ball made of playdoh the size of a golf ball. You put your thumb on the South Pole and your index finger on the north. Squeeze gently. The middle (equator) bulges out as the top (north pole) and bottom (south pole) flatten/come together. This is what’s happening only instead of outside forces acting on the earth, it’s the centrifugal force of the earth rotating that is causing the middle of the earth to want to push out while simultaneously drawing in the poles. Causing the ellipticity. I can’t explain that any better so I hope someone can not only confirm what I’m trying to portray but also elaborate on it." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e5hp5gl", "e5hq76o", "e5hpfwy" ]

[ "It's probably not backfiring. It is likely an anti lag system that dumps fuel and air into the exhaust to keep the turbo spinning while the driver shifts gears. I don't think it's street legal, but I'm not 100% sure about that, and probably varies by area. URL_0" ]

[ 14 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antilag_system" ], [ "https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=xnl0Icdepjw" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ebmndsj", "ebmunle" ]

[ "It's all in the name, really. It's obsession, it's compulsion, it's a disorder (meaning that it's not an ordinary condition). From the question, I gather you are interested more in how it gets created in a particular individual. This is basically a symptom complex. As any symptom complex, it can be caused by a number of things. People can use it as a coping mechanism for trauma, if, for example, their daily experience with the world is somehow traumatic and they require a focus to invest their mental capacity into in order to prevent it going towards traumatic experiences. It can be caused by a number of chemical imbalances which alter the physical development of brain or the interactions related to reward and hormone secretion. Aberrations in the brain while it develops physically or simple mental conditioning can also do the trick. Simply put, in each individual case, the course of development for this disorder could be unique, driven by various combinations of multiple factors." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g1xdkgs" ]

[ "Yes, it does. You can visualize it by taking it to an extreme: if you put one drop of soap in 10 gallons of water it won't do anything. Similarly (less extreme), putting one drop of soap in half a gallon of water is less effective than putting 100 drops of soap in half a gallon of water." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "djjpnr3" ]

[ "If the sample is being used for a recording that will be sold to the public, they have to ask permission from the copyright owner of the original song (usually the music publishing company), and also from the owner of the original recording (usually a record company). Often they'll have to pay for permission. This is called \"Sample Clearance\". In the early days of sampling, especially in the hip-hop scene, producers often didn't bother asking permission, and not many people made a fuss about it. But as sampling became used more often in successful recordings, things changed. The beastie boys' 1989 album \"Paul's Boutique\" (produced by the dust brothers) is an incredible album, made entirely from multi-layered samples - including samples from nearly 30 different records in one track alone. Back then, permission was easier and cheaper to obtain, and samples were not always legally challenged when permission wasn't obtained - so it is said that an album like 'Paul's boutique' would be financially/commercially not possible to make today. [\"Shake Your Rump\"]( URL_0 ) from Paul's boutique. I love listening to the album and trying to identify all the different samples. Many of these were paid for with permission, some may not have been." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [ "https://youtu.be/BptQHAW2T5M" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f9nxfsl", "f9nes71" ]

[ "Another point worth mentioning to some of the other comments is that the Sun is far too low density to be anything but a nuclear reaction. the Sun is much more massive than the earth, but the earth is much denser than the Sun. The only way for the Sun to stop becoming much, much denser is if something is counteracting gravity. the Sun is so massive that nothing but a very exothermic nuclear reaction could counter that much gravitational collapse. In fact, every single nuclear bomb ever made by humans, multiplied by a million, detonated every single second in the center of the Sun, would not be enough to stop the Sun from collapsing. There really is nothing else but a constant nuclear fusion of hydrogen that could explain the low density of the Sun." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fmexeba" ]

[ "Although it may sound surprising, type 2 is actually more heritable than type 1. Type 2 diabetes: \"The lifetime risk of developing T2D is 40% for individuals who have one parent with T2D and 70% if both parents are affected\" ([source]( URL_1 )). Type 1 diabetes: \"Children whose mother has type 1 DM have a 2-3% risk of developing the disease, whereas those whose father has the disease have a 5-6% risk. When both parents are diabetic, the risk rises to almost 30%\" ([source]( URL_0 ))." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [ "https://www.medscape.com/answers/117739-42289/what-is-the-parent-to-child-risk-for-type-1-diabetes-mellitus-dm", "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746083/" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dddpv07" ]

[ "Almost all smart phones use two different methods together. The most simple is voltage. Voltage is not a very good indicator of charge in li-ion batteries used in phones because the voltage does not fall at an even rate when you use them. Voltage measurement is used as a fail safe. It's very bad for a battery's voltage to get too low. This is why sometimes when you get your phone cold in the winter it drops dramatically in charge percentage instantly. What has happened is the battery's voltage dropped when the phone got cold. Now the phone has started reporting an estimate based on voltage. The second and much more accurate is coulomb counting. This is like counting the individual electrons as they go in and out of the battery. It counts them as they go in (charging) and as they go out ( using it not plugged in). This allows the phone to know exactly how much energy it put in and can accurately guess how much is left. Just like putting gas In your car. The electronics that do this are actually called 'gas gauge' chips. The phone will have programming in it that will use both methods together to track and report charge state to you. Source : electronics engineer that designs things w li-ion batteries." ]

[ 23 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fk53dk3", "fk53qd8", "fk6m7gx" ]

[ "Many people pay the debt or agree to a settlement for a portion of the debt because they don't want to be sued, don't want a judgment against them, want to fix their credit, or other reasons. Also, in some situations the debt can be paid back involuntarily, through wage garnishment, bank garnishments, property levies and more. If the debt collector is good at what they do, it can be extremely profitable. Source: Am a debt collector" ]

[ 12 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "djdjwsh", "djdkwim", "djdllnf", "djdksc4", "djdnodf" ]

[ "Such terms start out innocuous, and over time, are turned into insulting language via the buildup of chosen usage. For example, over time, the word may itself be used as an insult or it may be commonly bundled into racist, hateful speech. So, then, over time, it becomes necessary to shake off the old word and adopt a new word that is fresh and doesn't contain the baggage... yet. As long as people contain hate for others, this cycle will continue. (this also happens with non racially charged words- many \"insults\" today were perfectly reasonable and mild descriptive terms originally) A non-race affiliated example is \"retarded\", which [started out as a medical descriptor]( URL_0 ). Over time, as it was used as a wider insult and associated with negative stereotypes by unkind people, it has now *become* an offensive term to people who suffer mental or emotional disabilities- not because the medical definition is incorrect, but because the word has been changed over time by unkind usage. The word now has baggage. Side note: Regarding race related terms, it's helpful to know all this when interacting with older ones. Their usage of terms we now consider racially insensitive *may* indicate a racist or uncaring attitude.. or it *may* simply be a leftover habit from when the word was considered the most respectful and neutral term. It's likely that, as we age, we will also struggle to continue to adjust our language to the newest, \"fresh\" words- but it is always worth it to remain caring about the experience of others and to seek to avoid causing pain. - Tl;dr: Over time, words pick up baggage, and eventually we have to set the word down when it becomes too heavy. - Disclaimer: I am not a professional linguist or sociologist or anyone in an official capacity on this topic. I'm simply sharing what I have gleaned about this topic over time and informal study/reading. Please, correct me if you have more accurate info/sources." ]

[ 60 ]

[ [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retard_(pejorative)" ], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "drxdian" ]

[ "When the server gets breached and the database gets downloaded, the attackers now have unlimited attempts to brute force the passwords within that database. If your password is weak then it will be one of the first to fall, potentially before you're notified of the breach. If you use that email and password combination elsewhere then you'll get breached there as well Your strong password argument relies on them not having the ability to spend days brute forcing passwords, this is a bad security assumption. You should always assume the breach and focus on minimizing damages when it happens Every system will get breached, its not a question of *if* merely *when*" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ek68809", "ek60e7a", "ek6dilg" ]

[ "Histamine, a substance released by the cells involved in wound healing, causes the little blood vessels to dilate. You need this so that there's a good inflow of nutrients and other cells to the wound areas that help in healing and rebuilding. A side effect of histamine is itchiness.. Which has its own uses like provoking you to scratch the scabs off to help in further healing" ]

[ 12 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g5y37j5" ]

[ "There are two types of light receptor cells in your eye: rods, which detect light generally, and cones, which detect colours. The central part of your eye is packed with loads of cones to give you sharp colour vision, but cones aren't as sensitive to light as rods are, which means the peripheral vision (where there are far more rods) is better in darkness than the central part is." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dxk3s65" ]

[ "Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: What does it mean when one country refuses to acknowledge the existence of another country? ]( URL_0 ) ^(_8 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How does international recognition of a country differ (e.g. South Sudan, Kosovo)? ]( URL_1 ) ^(_8 comments_)" ]

[ 10 ]

[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/38fh4a/eli5_what_does_it_mean_when_one_country_refuses/", "https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4eo985/eli5_how_does_international_recognition_of_a/" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "esg1ihy" ]

[ "Blood cells (red, white, platelets) are produced in the bone marrow, without exception. White blood cells possess nuclei because they do a lot of things that red blood cells don't: * They produce antibodies * They produce surface receptors to identify pathogens * the production of the above requires active genetic expression and transcription * The process of engulfing pathogens is energy intensive and requires intracellular signaling * Energy production also requires signaling in its own right There are other reasons that a white blood cell needs a nucleus, but those are the highlights." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fjeoay9", "fjes8fo", "fjepd0m", "fjeym6q", "fjexsux" ]

[ "Ooh, I have a follow up question - why is it so unusual for tornadoes to hit urban centers? Is it because they just take up a relatively small % of land? Or is there something about them (tall buildings?) that acts as some kind of tornado-deterrent?" ]

[ 15 ]

[ [], [], [ "https://www.weather.gov/ohx/middletntornadoes" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgpxi2v" ]

[ "**TL;DR:** *You're not so much \"on autopilot\" as you're \"not creating and storing memories\", because there's no need to.* Our brains are coached as a survival instinct to pay attention to change and ignore stuff that stays the same. That's why you can easily spot a small bird on a windless day that's disturbing leaves in a tree when it flies off, but ignore the rest of the tree. Or how you can pick up a small waft of someone else's scented shampoo but don't notice that your own Axe body spray is completely overpowering. This mental preference to notice \"changes\" extends to regular everyday stuff like driving too. And what you don't notice, you don't convert into short-term and then long-term memory. When you drive to work, you're engaging in a routine that's very often repeated. Although you're (usually) processing sufficient information to keep you safe from accidents by relying on awareness of red lights, stalled traffic, pedestrians, and so forth, very little of it is memorable even through you're engaged in using your brain's processing power to monitor your situation. So your brain conserves its mental resources by not storing all that bland plain boring routine mundane stuff as short term memories that, later, get converted to long-term memories. Sometimes it invests it in daydreaming instead. And so you essentially 'forget' distance covered the minute it happened because you never really stored it in the first place. It just wasn't important enough. But add something fresh and interesting in there, like that guy that veered into your lane and cut you off, or the fender-bender with a flashing policecar pulling up, or that whomping pothole that almost cost your car a spring, and you're going to remember that. Your brain latches onto that change, captures it, and stores it for later retrieval." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dcuzaps" ]

[ "In the past (and still today in many areas of the world), access to clean water was a luxury. Centuries ago, this clean water was considered a gift from the gods. Many people actually believed that gods or deities lived in the water, in fact. So, they would sacrifice what little money they had to these gods to appease and honor them, to ensure that the clean water kept flowing. Eventually, these offerings were accompanied by little requests from the gods. Nothing major, maybe a small request to help a loved one recover from an illness or a request for a bountiful crop. Eventually this led to wishing wells and throwing coins into fountains to make a wish. In Norse mythology as well, they had the \"Well of Wisdom\" which was to grant infinite wisdom if you sacrificed something you held dear. For most people, what they had that wa valuable was money. Odin, the Allfather of the gods and ruler of Asgard, took that a step beyond; he threw in his right eye to in turn recieve the wisdom of seeing the future and the understanding of why things must be." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "de8w4f4" ]

[ "Phobia development is (as with all psychopathology) immensely complex, and can occur in a variety of ways. Most theories stem from a behavioral perspective, which focuses on how an individual has learned to associate a phobic stimulus (e.g. being in a basement) as predictive of a negative experience (e.g. being assaulted). So, keeping with the basement example, a person simply going down into their basement should be neutral (i.e. we don't naturally acquire a fear of basements). Now, if on one of those occasions that person goes down into their basement and is then attacked by a robber, that person would have a natural terror response to being attacked. Depending on a host of factors (e.g. how the person processes trauma, how many stressful life events they've experienced, genetic factors), that person may then develop an association between the basement (neutral) and being attacked (terror). Thus, if they strongly associate that terror with the basement, they may feel anxious about the possibility of entering a basement (and the possibility of being attacked), and may react with fear/terror when presented with a basement situation (regardless of being attacked). An additional possibility follows from a \"see, think, do\" model (i.e. vicarious conditioning). Essentially, if I were to **see** a person (especially someone I know or admire) scream and run away in response to a non-venomous spider, I may begin to **think** about that observation (*wow they were scared, spiders must be very dangerous*) and thus **do** or mimic what I witnessed (e.g. scream or run away the next time I see a spider). Speaking of spiders, evolutionary psychologists have posited that we are more likely to develop phobias for things that have been historically relevant and threatening to our evolutionary ancestors (e.g. spiders, snakes, heights, dark environments, etc.). Lastly, there are of course major cognitive factors, like catastrophizing, that can occur independently from learned experiences and influence development (e.g. if I were to believe that an unkilled/captured spider would crawl into my ear while I sleep and kill me or my family)." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f6xo6e0", "f6xqbdg" ]

[ "It's called \"persistence of vision\" and it's what makes things like movies and TV possible. In ELI5 terms, our eyes don't adjust to changes in the world fast enough so we see \"ghost images\" of things that already happened." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "deeddrs" ]

[ "An EU citizen is a citizen of any country that is a member of the EU. A feature of the EU is that any citizen of any country in the EU can move to any other country in the EU. Think of it like moving from Kansas to Florida, it's supposed to be that easy. Now that the UK is no longer in the EU (or won't be in the near future), there is a question about what to do with citizens of EU countries, who are living in the UK. It's like if you were from Kansas, you moved to Florida, and then Florida seceded from the union. Do you get to stay in Florida? Or do you get kicked out?" ]

[ 15 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gc0qxyj", "gc0qv26", "gc0yjbc" ]

[ "Because colors are the result of light and our eyes and brains relationship to it. We perceive only a small section of the spectrum visually. that spectrum contains every color we know or can know. We can invent new pigments that reflect a select part the spectrum but it's always going to be similar to something we know. Until our eyes and brains evolve to perceive a different part of the spectrum there wont ever be a true new color." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dg6oy7r" ]

[ "> How do people who have difficulty hearing/can't hear interpret messages from \"Tones for the Hearing Impaired?\" They don't. The [TDD]( URL_0 ) device attached to their phone does. The tones are encoded text that shows up on a deaf person's TDD machine, to allow them to use phone menus. If they need to talk to an actual person, they'll be connected to a special operator who has a TDD on their end, too, to allow them to type to each other by sending tones over the phone line." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_device_for_the_deaf" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fcnt4fx", "fcoy5cc", "fco8jvv" ]

[ "The kernel has full access to all physical system resources ( i.e cpu, memory, network card, disk ) Applications have to go through the kernel by making ‘system calls’ in order to request an allocation of resources, to access or to make changes. It’s basically the interface between your physical hardware and your applications. For example: The kernel knows how to write to all different types of media. The application doesn’t care on the media type, as it just wants to store a file. So the application only needs to know or be programmed with the knowledge on how to tell the kernel that it wants to save a file. It does more than this and is a bit more complex but this is an ELI5" ]

[ 18 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dhcsbuj", "dhcqvit" ]

[ "Friendship warfare is a longterm strategy that involves wearing down your opponent and forcing them to accept your terms of friendship. First, read The Art of War. Study how to destabilize and dismantle an opposing regime. You will apply all of these concepts against your new friend. Second, observe your opponent. Learn their behaviors, feel their mind. Because they do not know they are at war, they will expose their weaknesses. When they are vulnerable, you strike! Third, constantly barrage them with pings. Say hello in passing. Approach them to ask a quick question. Think about something funny or interesting and ask them their opinion about it. One ping per day minimum, even if all you can think of is \"hello.\" This weakens their defenses over time while probing for weaknesses. Fourth, continually remind yourself that their resistance is weaker than your resolve. Because humans are social creatures, there is no such thing as failure in friendship warfare. All opponents succumb to your will eventually. Your friendship will spread to them like a plague and they will find themselves infected by you. Victory is guaranteed, you just have to wait until they realize it. Fifth is patience. If you treat every new relationship like an extended war campaign, you'll probably approach it more strategically and act with precision and tact. Just a silly notion I entertain myself with at work. I'm friends with everybody." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eenci57", "eeo1g3d" ]

[ "How hard you impact something is very dependent on two things: your velocity (speed and direction), and the angle that you impact it at. If your velocity is parallel to the surface you can't really be said to be impacting it at all. If your velocity is perpendicular to it, you're hitting it as hard as possible. Ski jumping hills are built so that the surface is just about parallel to the trajectory of the jumper. The difference will usually be around 10° at landing. So how much of that impact do they feel, compared to what they would have felt if they hit the ground straight on? That's conveniently given by the sine of the impact angle, which is 0.17, or 17%. So, if a jumper's speed is the usual 26 m/s when they land, at an angle of 10°, it's equivalent to hitting the ground straight on at a speed of 26*0.17 = 4.42 m/s. That is equivalent to falling a distance of (9.8/2)*(4.42/9.8)^2 = 1.0 m, or about 3 feet and 3 inches, so the landing probably feels about like jumping off your kitchen counter." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dwpbzq2", "dwpcnrw" ]

[ "It's a very simple calculation. 1 horsepower = 1 foot-pound per second. That's a hyphen in \"foot-pound,\" not a subtraction sign. You take the mass of the car in pounds, multiply by the distance it moved in feet, and divide by how much time it took to move the car that distance in seconds. Mechanical energy can be thought of as the capacity to move something. The amount of energy you need to move something is the mass times the distance you want to move it. Notice that time is missing from this calculation. So you need the same amount of energy to move a car 100 feet in one second as you do to move it 100 feet in one hour. *Power* is a measure of how *fast* you can provide that energy. So it takes more *power* to move a car 100 feet in one second than it does to move the car 100 feet in one hour (3600 seconds). If we assume a 2000 pound car, that's saying that 2000 x 100/1 > 2000 x 100/3600" ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ety70h8", "ety7axe", "ety7dzn" ]

[ "It's usually determined by \"street value,\" as in how much money you'd need to buy an equivalent amount from a dealer. Obviously it's all illegal and the people involved try to keep it down, but junkies still need their fix so the law of supply and demand applies." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgwu3nh", "dgwu2lu" ]

[ "When a threat is identified, stress hormones are released into the brain, invoking a \"flee or fight\" response. These stress hormones are helpful as they activate and stimulate areas of the brain that would work slower or not at all otherwise. As a result you have access to more (relevant) memories, faster processing power, multi-threading for further speed, and more acute perception of the perceived threat. Bringing this all together, you are able to quickly judge which path will most likely lead to least harm, if you establish that there is indeed a threat as opposed to a false alarm. Time did not slow down. Instead, due to all that extra stress-induced brainpower, a larger than usual footprint was created on your brain's hard disk. When recalling this event, that density-salience makes you think time must have moved slower. So why don't we do this all the time if it helps to make good decisions fast? Stress hormones are not healthy for you. That's why we reserve the boost for moments that matter." ]

[ 34 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gjj15b8", "gjje5st", "gjix3c5" ]

[ "Potency with THC is generally that the plants have been bred to have a higher percentage of THC in the bud. In 1970, the THC percentage was pretty low (like somewhere around 10%), today, you can get damn near 50% in a plant (numbers sourced from my ass). The chemical itself is the same, there's just more of it. That's what, on the whole, makes it more potent." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "de343gh" ]

[ "If they have FTL travel without timey-wimey effects, they'd probably use the standard time on the home planet. If multi-racial, they would probably decide which species' system is used through war or diplomacy. If their FTL travel DOES come with time dilation, then they would probably not be traveling to and from frequently enough for them to use a standard system. Any communication would take years just to send a message and get a reply. Any dealings between colonies would probably work on an \"It'll get there when it gets there\" system." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dizbxh2", "dizz2i4" ]

[ "Assuming you do it the same way I do, it's because you're using air pressure. Your head is the only part of your body connected to your lungs and therefore able to create pressure using your mouth as the chamber. It's directly linked to your ability to breathe." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dmoi68q" ]

[ "Animals make decisions based on biological instincts. They do whatever is programmed by the DNA. The first human species were cousins of chimpanzees and lived in the exact same manner as actual chimps. They roam in bands of around fifty to hundred individuals, where each group has an alpha male that controls the group. The group occupies a territory for food and resources. If someone from a neighbouring territory enters your land, he was most likely attacked and killed. Losing any territory meant smaller area to hunt for food, and consequently lower survival rate. This was the way for millions of years and no single species was able to drastically change the ecology of the planet. Then evolved Homo sapiens only 70000 years ago, the human species we are today. Home sapiens were the first to develop the higher order functions of the mind we know today, including conscience. They developed elaborate language which not only discussed the predators and the surrounding physical world but also allowed them to create imagined realities regarding gods and culture. This had far reaching consequences. As they spread, they managed to keep connected across generations and vast continents because of their ability to connect with a stranger based on common cultural beliefs. They no longer attacked sapiens of a neighbouring tribe if they believed in the same cultural and ritual imagined realities. This allowed them to cooperate at an unprecedented scale. Their combined strength in hundreds and thousands was no match for even the most powerful of predators. When they reached Siberia and Alaska, sapiens wiped mammoths in just a few centuries. Not just mammoths, in a span of 50000 years they wiped all other species of humans from the face of the planet. Conscience is not evolutionary itself, just a by product of our juiced up brains." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "epp8a7w" ]

[ "Electromagnetic waves are vibrations in the electric and magnetic fields. \"OK, so what are the electric and magnetic fields?\" They're the way we describe electric and magnetic forces. \"Sure, but what *are* they?\" Hey look over there! I thought I saw a birdie! \\*runs away\\*" ]

[ 20 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "detc6dh", "detirw5", "detr796" ]

[ "They're not free though are they. Both users regardless of location require an internet connection. Even if you both used free wifi the wifi is free to entice business and is still being paid for. The fact that it appears free is down to it using the internet which is borderless. For traditional voice and text it requires your provider paying the provider in the other country for their service to deliver the call or text. Although usually the fees are massively inflated. Bottom line you pay either way just in a different way." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dq8dv7o" ]

[ "A lot of it is their surface area. They also have a huge amount of elasticity. Finally there are amazing chemicals which coat the surface of the cells in the alveoli. Start with the nose and mouth. They allow air into the bronchi. It crosses the eating tube and an amazing valve keeps things sorted out mostly.The bronchi branch into bronchioles which branch more and more. When you see bronchi you can just say air tube. The tubes get smaller and smaller. Finally they end in little sacs called alveoli which have the tremendous surface area and the fantastic chemicals which allow them to stay open. Gases diffuse across the membranes of the alveoli and into the blood stream. Carbon dioxide also diffuses across the other way due to their being more in the blood than the atmosphere. Muscles expand the chest which means air moves into the lungs. Then the chest contracts so air moves out. The fresh air in the alveoli means gas diffusion takes place. Oxygen moves into the blood. Carbon dioxide leaves. Sometimes the alveoli fill with fluid and you have pneumonia. Sometimes air or fluid gets between the lungs and the chest wall. This is serious. Sometimes the flow of blood and the amount of air changes and you have a mismatch between the right amount and what is happening." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dh43xne", "dh47xhd", "dh47677", "dh48j6a", "dh4b21f", "dh4d29n", "dh4dwa3", "dh4dctu", "dh4bpjf", "dh4fhvf", "dh4b779", "dh49x43", "dh4eup6", "dh4by9n", "dh4ajfo", "dh4g5wo", "dh4dchu", "dh4anrt", "dh4c0r8", "dh4jmel" ]

[ "The Supreme Court discusses this rationale in every exclusionary case. The first thing to keep in mind is that the Constitution does not require an exclusionary rule. But for the 4th Amendment to have any value it must have some remedy or mechanism of enforcement. Suing the officials for an illegal search is always an option. But the cards are stacked against the defendant, who is probably already busy defending himself in a criminal trial. Further, agents of the state are a big target to take on for a private individual. If private citizens are left with the sole burden of enforcing an important Constitutional right, that right may effectively disappear. The alternative, and the one the Court considered most likely to deter illegal searches, is to cut off the reward. An illegal search practice = inadmissible. BUT, since the Constitution does not require the exclusionary rule, and since it more often than not lets a guilty person go when applied, the rule is only to be applied when the deterrent effect outweighs the cost to society. Therefore, in a case where, for example, an officer made a legitimate mistake of law, or a clerical error prompted him to act in a way that turned out illegal, the exclusionary rule has little deterrent effect and the evidence should be admitted." ]

[ 3701 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_of_the_poisonous_tree" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ecqq59f" ]

[ "Great minds think alike. I may have found yer answer, matey. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Was math invented or discovered? ]( URL_5 ) ^(_6 comments_) 1. [ELI5: was math discovered or invented? ]( URL_1 ) ^(_12 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Is mathematics discovered or invented? ]( URL_7 ) ^(_19 comments_) 1. [ELI5:are we inventing math or are we discovering it as time passes ? ]( URL_6 ) ^(_ > 100 comments_) 1. [ELI5:Is Math considered an invention or a discovery by mathematicians and scientists? ]( URL_8 ) ^(_41 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Were numbers discovered or invented? ]( URL_0 ) ^(_4 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Did we invent math or discover it? ]( URL_2 ) ^(_5 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How did people discover math? ]( URL_3 ) ^(_8 comments_) 1. [ELI5: How can one argue that mathematics is man-made? ]( URL_4 ) ^(_17 comments_)" ]

[ 4 ]

[ [ "https://np.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4aqblk/eli5_were_numbers_discovered_or_invented/", "https://np.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3raf1l/eli5_was_math_discovered_or_invented/", "https://np.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3qmtvu/eli5_did_we_invent_math_or_discover_it/", "https://np.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/8mrryx/eli5_how_did_people_discover_math/", "https://np.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/thnmn/eli5_how_can_one_argue_that_mathematics_is_manmade/", "https://np.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3eixvh/eli5_was_math_invented_or_discovered/", "https://np.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/28ijta/eli5are_we_inventing_math_or_are_we_discovering/", "https://np.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/38kdtl/eli5_is_mathematics_discovered_or_invented/", "https://np.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/36pxah/eli5is_math_considered_an_invention_or_a/" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fcze6pb", "fcz4rvo", "fd1cv3l" ]

[ "Video games are extremely complex pieces of software. I could go into a lot of depth about this, but seeing as this is ELI5, here's a simple analogy. Just because you crash your car, doesn't mean the radio inside is now broken. Game engines usually know when something has gone wrong, and will close themselves down as a consequence. That said, it's hardly uncommon for things to break in weird, wonderful and often spectacular ways - that's just the nature of software development. When something like that happens, the game engine may not always recognize what's happened and you'll end up with, say, a black screen. But just because there's a visual problem, doesn't necessarily mean there's an audio problem, and thus, sounds and music may continue to play. It's worth nothing these sorts of occurrences are more common on platforms like Windows due to the vast amount of different hardware, software, peripherals etc that could interfere with the game in ways the developers had not anticipated." ]

[ 18 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fsdj3ky" ]

[ "Edit: so I misread ops question and answered regarding artificial sweeteners. This still applies with any taste but much less so. That said, I was addressing why people correlate zero cal flavors with weight gain but as i mentioned in other comments the effect is so small and difficult to quantify that this phenomenon is typically cited only in the context of insulin resistance and metabolic deregulation. That said I still explained the physiology because that is the link op was asking about. Thanks carry on! Insulin is the hormone that tells your body to start moving sugars and fats from your blood into your cells to store them as fat. Insulin is released by two mechanisms. One is when your blood stream starts to detect sugars entering. The other is when your mouth tastes something sweet. This is to get the insulin ready for when the sugar hits because it is very important to keep your blood sugar level balanced. If you taste something sweet, but dont digest any calories, then it pushes blood sugar that normally should stay in the blood into your cells for storage (fat). This causes the blood sugar to drop too far since no new calories are replacing it, creating a yoyo effect where the body sends the opposite signal and it goes back and forth. The end result is sugar being turned into storage that otherwise would have stayed floating in the blood. Over time this behavior leads to weight gain rather than normal processing of sugar. Tldr: tasting sweet without eating sweet creates a hormone yoyo effect that pushes extra sugar into storage (fat)." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dpnunae", "dpnu28i" ]

[ "We do have an international underwater station, of sorts. While it's primarily funded by universities and government agencies in the US, [Aquarius]( URL_1 ) has been home to scientists from all over the world. It's located just off the Florida Keys nestled in a reef. The scientists use a technique called [saturation diving]( URL_0 ) so that they may stay and do research for days to a couple of weeks at a time and can then decompress and resurface appropriately." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_diving", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_(laboratory)" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fv35n3e" ]

[ "Kinda. While there is no atmospheric friction like you'd encounter because of the air on earth, there are objects in space that can apply forces to you. Tiny fragments of rock or gas clouds would have effects when you encountered them small though it might be. More likely to be an issue would be solar wind. Some heavier particles can hit the craft going 80% the speed of light and while individually aren't going to cause much issue, neither does individual air molecules. So in some ways yes. You could do a big push and then coast, but you might not end up where you thought you were going to." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fd3rroz" ]

[ "Every track has a unique code associated with it upon release which doesn't change. in the digital realm, its then easy to track plays and via what platform. For example my recently release acoustic EP had one listen last month on spotify!! The distribution service I use put out the music on all platforms, tracks it all and pays u when you reach a threshold, for a reasonable yearly fee (Distrokid) I released it as a 'marker in the sand' and something to refer people to regards my bona fides as a producer / coach , no promotion done at all so is no surprise. As for money we're talking 0.001 cents per play or maybe something less. Need 1000s per month to make equivalent to minimum wage, which is very few tracks out of the millions out there and being released. If you are artist, performer producer etc you get the biggest share. If one cog in the wheel, even less." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e3xmy42", "e3xml1z" ]

[ "First off... the physical symptoms are really there. THe cause of those symptoms might be neurological or hormonal, but that doesn't make the experience of them any different than if someone got stabbed in the chest and the body reacted the same way. So that hints as to the how... we experience those feelings with our brains, and all the brain bits are interconnected. So if you trigger the bit that says your muscles around your heart are contracting uncomfortably, it really doesn't matter to the person experiencing the pain what triggered the feeling in the first place. Also, the same methods are used to decrease the pain for people having an anxiety attack that are used for a person having a heart attack or a stabbing. Calm down, use steady slow breathing, and remove stress from the area." ]

[ 22 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gxxetuj", "gxxi8c3", "gxxwrvl" ]

[ "Yes. Larger stars produce more heat and light. There are a bunch of different conformations depending on the life cycle of the star. Our own star for example, in several ~~million~~ billion years will burn through all it's hydrogen and start burning helium. At that point, it will blow up large enough to swallow the inner planets, making more heat and light. Edit - wrong order of magnitude for years. Edit 2 - URL_0 ." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [ "https://astronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2020/09/what-will-happen-to-the-planets-when-the-sun-becomes-a-red-giant#:~:text=A%3A%20Roughly%205%20billion%20years,current%20average%20Earth%2DSun%20distance" ], [], [ "https://i.insider.com/6037f851bed5c50011a2c7eb?width=1000&amp;format=jpeg&amp;auto=webp" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e5b1nk9", "e5b235p", "e5b1mbb", "e5b1lzc", "e5b1rjc" ]

[ "This question is best answered with another question. What force is pulling the oceans off of the earth? you are correct that the pull of the earth isn't that significant, but when its the only force acting on an object its gonna win every time." ]

[ 22 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "h06t4fp" ]

[ "If the meat is considerably below the freezing point of water, it can freeze water that’s contacting it. Tiny ice crystals will form on all sides, but the ones that form on the bottom can’t immediately float away and melt again." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "egw1rqz" ]

[ "For plants water is actually nutrients as it is a vital part of photosynthesis where it is combined with carbon dioxide to form oxygen and sugar. But there are lots of processes in the body and cells which require there to be a lot of water available. Basically any process that require that a chemical be transported from A to B depends on waters ability to transport it. Blood is mostly water and most of the nutrients to the cells in carried by the water itself without the help of any cells, and the cells are carried by the water. Cells themselves is also structurally supported by the water contained in them and for example plants use water as a vital supporting element, similar to skeletons in animals." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ds533j9" ]

[ "It forms a liquid seal that prevents odors from leaking up from the drain pipe. Modern waterless urinals use instead a chemical that floats atop, and doesn't mix with, urine." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "djqdqw7" ]

[ "Photons of light are mass less particles, and according to our current theories anything without mass must always be travelling at the speed of light. The basis of special relativity is that light always moves at the speed of light relative to any observer" ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "glclbjb", "glcm1f3", "glckhdc", "glcoj6o" ]

[ "This sensor is known as a float, and the name is pretty straightforward. Sucker floats. It is not a particularly precise instrument, but it gets the job done. While fuel may slosh around some, this is significantly reduced by the presence of baffles in the tank. Partial walls that seriously hinder the fast and rhythmic movement of the liquid while taking up very little space. Additionally, a few other systems may be used to get a more accurate readout. This part is speculation, as I've never personally disassembled a gas tank/float, but: Even as it moves around, the average liquid level does not change. If you can slow the movement of the float by some mechanical means, you can prevent it from wandering too much as the liquid sloshes. Again, the device doesn't need to be precise; it just needs to give you a rough idea (within a gallon or two) of the liquid level. This solution would not work if the sensor needed to detect rapid changes in liquid level, but hopefully your gas tank isn't draining all that much in a fraction of a second. Another improvement is to place the float at the center of the tank. During longer periods of consistent acceleration, including turns, the surface of the fuel becomes angles. For instance, during a left turn, the right side of the fuel raises while the left side lowers. The solution may be obvious, when the problem is presented like this. By positioning the float at the center of the tank, it does not experience any significant disruptions from the fuel 'tilting' in the tank." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometer" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "edq8adv" ]

[ "On a windy day the building will slowly sway back and forth. This motion puts more stress on the elevator cable. So, they slow down the elevator to keep the strain on the cable within limits. If it's really bad they might even shut down the elevator. You can read more here: URL_0" ]

[ 13 ]

[ [ "https://www.21stcentech.com/materials-science-update-discovery-lead-mile-high-buildings/" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f3zwvb6", "f3zza3g", "f40jjwo" ]

[ "The symptoms are caused by your body, not the disease. Your body raises your temperature to kill whatever is causing you to be sick because that’s better than the damage that would otherwise be dealt. In times of stress, sickness is less important than your immediate survival and so the body focuses on getting tf out of there rather than fighting the sickness." ]

[ 18 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gi7y63h", "gi7z46k" ]

[ "yes, of course. for one thing, the idea that a tonal language means that tone changes are fixed is a total misunderstanding. pronouncing a character that uses the second mandarin tone doesn’t mean that you ALWAYS have to start between 300-380Hz and rise by precisely three to six semitones or anything like that. in fact depending on the tones of the words around it, it might not sound the way it’s written down in the textbook - the mandarin third tone is a particular culprit for this and beginners often make the mistake of exaggerating the dip. in the context of a long sentence, the only thing a tonal language speaker needs to do to make themselves intelligible is to make it not sound like the other tones. and of course the existence of singing in tonal languages should prove that people are pretty good at piecing together information even with a minimum of tonal context, so even if you miss a picture perfect tone here or there people can usually catch on. for another, tone changes also happen through the way you articulate your consonants, or through the length or volume of your syllables, which is totally unrelated to pitch. in my experience, these actually contribute more to stress than pitch does. in fact, the example you gave in OP is a perfect example for this—i don’t change my pitch at all to read out those sentences in english. so it’s silly to suggest that a tonal language wouldnt be able to make the same changes." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eravd0q" ]

[ "If you don't have a balance from the previous month, you are not charged interest on the purchases you make this month. If you do have a balance due from the previous month, you are charged interest on that amount. Depending on the card you have, purchases made this month may also accrue interest, but usually there is a 'grace period' during which the new purchases don't accrue interest. You have to read the agreement to find out." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g0dsf3m" ]

[ "Induction is far more efficient. A gas stove burns fuel for energy. Energy is lost as light from the flame, heat escaping around the sides of the pot, heating up the stovetop itself, as unburnt gases escaping, etc. An induction stove works by utilizing a magnetic field to excite the material of the pan itself. No pan present to get heated, very little energy is used. Can’t have heat escape around the pan because the pan itself is what is getting hot, not the stovetop. Every watt of power that it takes in, aside from a tiny amount for control boards, is converted into heat that is used for cooking." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "doei71x", "doeqdva", "doesd07", "dog75f4" ]

[ "It helps a lot that they aren't selling a physical product. Really cuts down on the cost per unit. No materials, no production cost. Just licensing and server costs (bandwidth). So to say that it's 'costing hundreds' isn't accurate, they're almost certainly not dropping the price below cost, even though to us consumers, it seems like a crazy discount." ]

[ 93 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dn6uehr" ]

[ "Because men are pretty simple creatures driven by a few base desires, with the need to reproduce being paramount. Feeding is another of these base desires, and when we are hungry hormonal changes and changes in blood sugar combine to make us focus more intensely on acquiring food. It's the same with sex. When we are seeking sex and our senses pick up that a chance to spread our seed is imminent (pheromones, touch, etc.), we tend to focus almost solely on achieving orgasm at the expense of most other things. Once we climax and our blood pressure normalizes, we almost immediately move on to ensuring that the other base needs in the hierarchy are met. Hunger - we want a sandwich. Rest - we want to nap. Safety - we want to leave before her husband gets home. Science." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dxj5ki8" ]

[ "The art world is completely arbitrary. It is run by rich snobs who can piss away millions of dollars on whatever art they like. Once a certain artist becomes popular among rich art snobs, everyone wants to buy that work. And there are Other factors... If a piece of art was owned by somebody famous, it acquires more value because some rich snob wants to be able to say, “This painting was once owned by So-And-So famous person.” I’ve seen auctions where people spent millions of dollars on the shittiest paintings just because they were previously owned by a celebrity. There is no logic to it." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ej0881f" ]

[ "It's a store opened by a publisher that is offering higher profits to developers while at the same time offering incentives to get exclusivity for the first year of the games release. It takes away choice on a platform where choice has been a huge incentive for years, my games are on steam because I like that platform and they have always provided good service and reasonable prices. Exclusives work fine for consoles because you buy the game for that console and it works, you have one account and it's on a single system. Your data is contained within (generally) a single entity. The reason exclusivity for PC games is wrong is because we now have games that require ubisoft, EA, Steam, Epic, GOG, and other accounts that we have to stretch our info across and purchase products through. That's a *LOT* of different services that have to protect our information from both internal and external malicious intent. Epic has has issues with data security in fortnite and has a launcher that is about as bare bones as you can get. Sure they will implement improvements as time goes on but until then you are stuck with a severe lack of features. The game being exclusive to the epic launcher means that to play it within the first year of exclusivity a consumer will *need* to dow load another launcher, create another account, input data into another companies system, and roll the dice and hope all goes well." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f77q5fj" ]

[ "It measures the voltage of the battery and then places that voltage onto the graph of a premeasured voltage to capacity and determines the capacity from that. Depending on the type of battery along with the internal chemistry your battery will slowly have its voltage decrease as it gets drained of energy. When I say graph, basically that is just a giant table of voltages and capacity." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gqw6t8b", "gqwezl2", "gqwkabd", "gqw8s0u", "gqwa779" ]

[ "Linear algebra is having a real explosion of usefulness in computer science right now. It’s the basis of much of machine learning. For example, Linear algebra is how Netflix recommends your next binge. You can set up a system of equations that represent different properties of movies and then find eigenvectors to understand which properties are independent of what other properties in people’s preferences. Then you can compare two movies by using the Pythagorean theorem to find the shortest distance between any two given movies on the map." ]

[ 53 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgre805" ]

[ "Only very pure water can do that, like water that's been distilled or put through an RO filter. Boiling requires nucleation sites, which are impurities in the water or some kind of surface area that allow bubbles of steam to form. Once those initial bubbles form, they become nucleation sites for more bubbles. The surface of a metal pot is covered in rough little bits that are nucleation sites for the water to boil, so even if it's very pure water it will still boil. In a microwave, you're probably using a very smooth ceramic or glass container, which won't provide any nucleation sites. Remember that the water in the middle of your container might be well above 100C but it doesn't have anywhere to go. It can't become steam. The surface of the water will be steaming away, but without a nucleation site the water in the middle just gets hotter and hotter without boiling. This is very dangerous because if you suddenly give it something with surface area, like a spoon or a sugar cube, it rapidly boils, blowing tiny bubbles all around which create more surface area for the water to boil, which creates more bubbles, and so on. The sudden rapid expansion of water into steam flings water all over the place, including all over your nearby hand. And boiling water is no joke, you can seriously burn yourself, especially if the water has become superheated to well above 100C. The exact same thing happens with freezing water, too. You can cool very pure water to below the freezing point without it forming ice crystals, which also require nucleation points. When you shake or tap the container, it creates some bubbles and jars the molecules around so that they form the initial ice crystals, which then provide nucleation sites for the rest of the ice to form. The whole container [freezes solid very rapidly]( URL_0 )." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [ "https://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2008/03/20160622-insta-freeze-water.gif" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e30egi0", "e30f7cu", "e30fg0k" ]

[ "Depends on the socks. Under Armour, Nike, or what?" ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fr4hp6b", "fr4i7v3" ]

[ "there is a quote \"if it's free, then you are the product\". Nowadays, everything is linked, so they can provide you something free, then use the data you provide alongside the time you use it for other services. For e.g google photos is unlimited and free, and I bet they will use your photos for their AI learning, which they can then sell to other parties. The things you search in Google, they collect it and sell to manufacturers. Or, use it to run the ads of the products you are looking for etc.... Those people will pay Google to advertise for them, and with the data it knows exactly who it will run the ads..." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fqwz2fj", "fqwy80d" ]

[ "It has to do with the length of the cord and the ‘agitation rate. I remember a year or two ago reading about actual research done by Apple in how their earbuds get so tangled. I believe a wire only needs to cross over 2-3 times over another part of the cord for chaos theory sets in and you get a random intestine like mess Edit: I found the [SITE]( URL_0 ) that links the study. It is interesting math nerd stuff actually." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [ "https://www.sciencealert.com/the-mathematical-law-that-causes-your-headphones-to-tangle" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ehojx3f", "ehoj4l2", "ehoh845", "ehojx18", "ehojyyd" ]

[ "My (US) company is manufacturing some components for a medical device. Because it's about saving lives, we don't want any mistakes at all, so we have a (small) production force of 10 people, and a (large) QA and oversight department of 10 people. Everything is checked and re-checked, which takes time. Also because it's about saving lives, we use the highest grade ingredients and tools (as required by the FDA, Health Canada, ISO, etc.), and that means, for example, importing tons of \"for-injection\" grade water from Europe, and that costs thousands, and the shipping for \"tons\" costs thousands. Everything is sent to a lab to test for sterility, contamination, etc., and that costs us thousands per day / lot. So I'm looking at it here and not seeing greed or corruption, just high costs for the high quality that a patient's life demands. You want \"sterile\", you get it, with all the guarantees that go along with that. You want \"for injection\" because the device goes inside someone, you get it, with all the guarantees that go along. The costs of the supplies and personnel required to manufacture at this level of quality is high. Your experiences with nurses and hospitals, those are really shitty hospitals and really bad people who should be thrown in jail for that kind of performance. My personal experience with hospitals hasn't been great either, but the nurses and staff in the critical-care areas were highly paid, well trained, and very good at what they did. When moved to the non-critical areas, though, they were less so, and I did see some cutting corners, lack of awareness of how they could contaminate their own gloves, and things like that, but they did their jobs as best they could. So my conclusion is that it depends on costs, and what prices hospitals can charge based on the health care system. Over here, the poor get poor (or no) treatment; over there, everyone seems to get poor treatment. I'm pretty sure this is not going to be a very popular reply, but I wanted to give you my personal observations." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ek9vb7a", "ekaa0sn", "ek9y7m0", "ek9w2bm" ]

[ "Mostly the best ways to keep your country's currency stable are to: 1. Make sure there is a market for your country's goods and services abroad. Foreigners will want to buy your currency so they can buy your goods and services. This demand increases the value of your currency. 2. If the demand for your currency starts to get too high, it will become too expensive and foreigners won't be able to buy your country's goods and services any more. If this happens, your government can print more money to buy your people things like roads, hospitals, schools, or bombers. This increase of your money will lower the value of your currency. If you are good at balancing these two strategies, your country's currency should stay fairly stable. I hope this helps. Please rule your people justly and kindly." ]

[ 44 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g0gr5ab", "g0grbze", "g0gr8w9" ]

[ "Not really, the first word weren’t defined by other words, they were defined by concepts. Simple things, food, water, you, me, follow/come, these were all simple concepts that were understood, could easily be pointed out by gestures, and then eventually sounds got tied to them So in reality, it’s less that words were given a definition, but that definitions (concepts) were assigned a word." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dtt663x" ]

[ "For many diseases, symptoms come not from the infection itself, but from the immune system's attempts to stop the infection before it gets out of control. Some organisms have ways to evade the immune system, at least for a little while. If these organisms can grow while they're doing this, then they can be spread." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gfenol2", "gfencqq", "gfes4q5" ]

[ "Rockets need all that fuel to go *sideways* and reach orbital velocity of 17,000 mph. The fuel spent going up 100 miles is comparatively small. Adding more complexity to the system to shave off a dozen miles from the initial launch isn’t worth the trouble." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-launch-to-orbit" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "di3xkwp" ]

[ "Because the ones that aren't buried underground were eroded away by wind and rain and plants and animals and people, so there would be nothing left to find. It isn't that ancient buildings always get buried. It is that the only ruins we can find are the ones that happened to get buried. Same thing with fossils. Not every single dinosaur turned into a fossil - it is a very rare event for any creature to become fossilized. It is simply that the dinosaurs that weren't fossilized are long gone, without any trace to be found." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]