Datasets:

mNLP-project

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gpt2-finetuning

like 0

[ "ewkcfqn" ]

[ "So when you do actions (and everything else) neurons fire in your brain. They connect to other neurons. If you're going to kick a ball you raise your foot and swing it forward to try to make it go where you want to. If you do this enough times, all these connections between neurons get stronger. Thousands and thousands and millions of times. You get better and faster. That is mastery. That Bruce Lee (?) Quote about like I don't fear the person who has practiced 10,000 different kicks but the one who has practiced one 10,000 times." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dkoo91r" ]

[ "The seller's state usually determines it. If they're in the same state, they will charge tax. If not, they usually don't. Many sellers on eBay do not charge tax no matter where they are located. Amazon is required to collect tax in any state where they have a physical presence (warehouse) and I think that's just about all of them now." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dju1jry", "djuohbw" ]

[ "Car keys are designed to be used in a situation where you can't easily see the lock. So your convenience they cut the pattern into both sides." ]

[ 26 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "fn7f9l1" ]

[ "Spicy food makes blood rush to the surface of your mouth, so it is more sensitive to sensations like the carbonation." ]

[ 7 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "h1bohqa" ]

[ "Different routes provide different absorption rates. Some medications can be dangerous if absorbed too quickly others are essential to get into the body quickly (eg IV antibiotics). but since IVs are considered a more invasive form of administration that requires specialist training it’s reserved for when it is essential and when a fast response is needed. For B12 you can give it IV and you may get some mild symptoms such as a sweet sensation in your mouth but less invasive options are available and often considered first." ]

[ 12 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ecfveu3", "ecfwk33" ]

[ "Could be database backups that they don't want new data being written into while copying over to the backup files because that can lead to issues." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "gmrf4z8", "gmrg9vy", "gmsfbh8" ]

[ "This is going to sound gross, but, I am capable of handing 90% of my nail care with my teeth. Isn't that normal? If it didn't wear away naturally, maybe they did it with their teeth?" ]

[ 12 ]

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[ "ggmm0t2" ]

[ "The people who have stock come to an agreement with the people who want their stock, and that's the price. Whatever the last sale price was, is the price. If I offer my stock to you for 5 dollars, and you say no, then I offer it for 4.75 and you say yes, then the price is 4.75 until some new sale is completed at whatever price is agreed to. No one \"figures out\" the price. It just is whatever people are agreeing to buy and sell at." ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "edm7g1j", "edm6eyl", "edm6jbh" ]

[ "Most of the responses here miss the point. In general radiation is toxic to all cells, but cancer cells are particularly susceptible to radiation because 1) They are rapidly growing (more DNA replication = more sensitive to DNA damage from radiation), and 2) They often have defects in DNA repair machinery (since to become cancerous they require many mutations). Source: molecular genetics degree" ]

[ 22 ]

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[ "dohadq8" ]

[ "Yeah they do. There are metrics they run. Some ads work and some don't. That is where an agency comes in. They do all the market research on what should bring new customers in your door. So lets take Holiday Inn for example. Not every ad is big budget. Some are small low cost and some are high dollar budget. Each one serves it purpose. Large expensive campaigns are about brand awareness. So when you think hotel the first name to pop into your head is Holiday Inn. These will be run at regular intervals during high rated prime time shows. They will be shocking usually with humor and will probably avoid the color red and have a lot of bright colors that complement blue but will many be greens and yellow tones. If watching TV in a dark room the commercials usually light up the room with its tones. Each camera angle change creates a dynamic tone change to mimic the effect of a police light. Attention, attention. The blue complimentary tones in such a manner are exciting but somewhat calming. Trusting tones. If its a lawyer ad for a accident lawyer. They will often do the opposite. Complimentary tones to red. Showing power, and dominance. So Holiday Inn is planting a seed in your brain that they are exciting, trustworthy, flashy but safe. Than they have the upkeep ads. Shorter less flashy, hardly any humor. They might be just their logo on billboards, 30 secs calm ads at less watched times on tv where they pay a channel X amount of dollars to show X amount of times in a specific date range of their choosing. That isn't about brand recognition but to just remind you over and over. Holiday Inn express. Holiday Inn Express. The hardest part of a business is getting new customers. New customers are the life blood of any business. And they are worth a lot. You are looking at each potential customer as being only worth their visit. But its considered so much more than that. Im going to give a hypothetical situation of their value. Lets say a company got a large group of people and divided them up in groups. They took the largest group lets just say its 20 total people as the example for ease in that group and tailored an ad that is specific to them. They hit all the marks in the commercial based on predetermined likes and needs of that group. The group wanted a value, but it to look like a nice hotel. The group also travels for work, and breakfast included is a perk. They are ages 35-50 and the humor they like is somewhat goofy not edgy. All 20 watch the commercials and over 90% of them are impressed by Holiday Inn Express's promises. 2 had previously bad experiences with the hotel, but are now reconsidering staying at another sometime to give them a chance. One in the group travels with a team in a company for promotions and is in charge of booking all the stays for everyone. Only one person doesn't think they would choose holiday inn express in the future. Most plan to use in the future if traveling. More than 10 plan to use it with in a year. Most importantly most will think of it now when the topic of getting a hotel room. Also people use company names as examples when suggesting things. Someones mother in law has to head in for a funeral. People part of the ad focus will now say stuff along the lines. Hey are you going to stay in town that weekend? Do you need to stay at the house or are you going to need a reservation at a holiday inn or something. The commercial plants that word to be less proper noun and just be a common noun for something. Like some people refer to soda as Coke even when it is not. Holiday Inn wants their name to be to the word hotel as Coke is to the word soda. Back at those 20 people though. Even only 20 people the possibility of those people being a driving force is endless. Not only does holiday Inn possibly gain their business the first time, but they have a chance for repeat business with those and all the referrals that come after that. Now multiply that by the number of people who watch any given prime time show live on tv, its in the millions. That commercial was designed for the largest group of potentially customers they could faction a commercial for. Of that group of hundreds of thousands of potential first time customers. They have to convince those thousands of customers to come in or come back so they can continue to form a larger and larger loyal customer base. And since their loyal customers die off eventually they have to continue this game until they are no longer profitable and viable as a company. If an ad doesn't bring new customers in the door, the ad company is replaced." ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "dfwz85z" ]

[ "Many times, it's tied to company insurance. Companies that agree to drug test new employees and in some cases, routine random drug tests, can lead to lower costs on health insurance plans. If you're a company that is partly covering some employee health insurance for ~1,000 employees, you would look for ways to drop the price. The logic works out to this: 1. People who use drugs illegally are not responsible/don't follow rules/potentially a hazard. 2. If we hire them, what's to stop them from using drugs at work? 3. If they use drugs at work, they could injure/kill someone. 4. This death is the fault of the company since they hired the druggie. 5. The company is exposed to lawsuits and rising insurance prices. 6. Company goes under. While this is a slippery slope fallacy, it works to highlight the dangers of working in certain industries. Companies want to stay safe and provide employee incentives, they can kill two birds with one stone through employee drug testing. Personally, companies can keep their fucking insurance as long as they stay out of my personal life. The thing is, drug testing doesn't do much if someone with half a brain can figure out a few basic things. I've personally have not been the cleanest for some past tests and I've met meth addicts that can cheat the system. There are whole industries that devoted to undermining of employee and court ordered drug tests." ]

[ 8 ]

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[ "g296q0s", "g29qw74" ]

[ "Because there are more strays in the world than Animal shelters are able to handle, and not every family that like having dogs around is able to commit 10 years plus to a pet for many different reasons, so many the right decision and don’t adopt because at some point it wouldn’t be fair to the pet. So, people will foster. They’re able to have and interact with animals, but if/when life changes and they aren’t able to foster anymore, they are able to just stop fostering new animals. And this helps shelters, because the more animals they’re able to get out of the shelter, the more space they have to take in new animals in need of help. Edit (hit submit to early) and because some animals can take months, years in bad cases, to find a forever home, especially if they’re stuck in a shelter the whole time. Letting that kind of animal get fostered gives them temporarily a better life, and helps socialize them more, and, possibly, run into their forever home while they’re out for a walk/at the park. Giving a dog a bit of publicity can help match it with the kind of person willing/wanting to adopt it." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "dxb0hau" ]

[ "As I understand it, this is paint that contains a huge amount of heavy grease, which never evaporates. URL_0" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [ "https://www.surveillanceforsecurity.com/anti-burglar-paint.html" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g8nga6k" ]

[ "Not much, if you're comparing Kraft or Sargento to a store brand chances are they are made at the same factory/dairy. Then there are smaller producers like Cabot and/or specialty and imported cheeses that, I think, taste better, sharper, creamier. I will say that my local grocer, Publix, had a Brie that is consistently better than any of the imports IMO." ]

[ 3 ]

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[ "fv5dwuw", "fv5h6xz" ]

[ "If i understand, you are asking why the top allergies are the most common, not why are allergies so common in today's society.... I think it is because of the globalization of food supply. For a long, long time, humans were limited to eating what was available in their daily environment. If you lived in a place that didn't have edible nuts, you would not be eating nuts. If you lived in the middle of a continent, you wouldn't be eating ocean fish. Now though, we can go to any local store and get food native to many different parts of the world. The most common allergies also happen to be some of the most widely available foods and are often incorporated into most of the prepared food options we have." ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "dmg81uj" ]

[ "The noodles are room temperature, while the water is 212 degrees. The noodles cool the water a bit, just like an ice cube will cool a glass of room temperature water. So now the stove has to heat both the noodles and the water, which takes a bit of time. I could've put this in one sentence, but the bot doesn't like succinct answers." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "fzeu60s", "fzesspo" ]

[ "\"The train carrying Taco Bell ingredients is on fire and the brakes aren't working!\" \"But we have more trains on the single railway track waiting to be washed and dried for tomorrow.\" \"No! We can't let the trains crash and damage the track! We don't have the money to pay the Union to fix it!\" \"So what should we-\" \"Just push all the trains out from the end of the line and someone else will have to deal with it!\" \"Uh... Sure thing boss.\"" ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "dvktcsn", "dvlbrti", "dvkzaat", "dvl9bfh", "dvlirl3", "dvlab8f", "dvly399", "dvlizll", "dvlw5qz", "dvlzvbo", "dvm1l07" ]

[ "It's a matter of resources, and how to obtain them. There is a lot of plant matter, which is relatively easy to renew; if an animal is adapted to grazing, the resources are plentiful, and once they get past a certain size, there is basically no carnivore that will prey on them (though their babies may be fair game for predators). For carnivores, it's a different story: being too large would be detrimental to agility and it may make it impossible to catch prey. There is also less to eat, according to the biological food pyramid, as carnivores are secondary or tertiary consumers. Herbivores are primary consumers." ]

[ 1971 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

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[ "diduskw", "die5nhz", "didu9pm", "die1tu6", "didwwmi", "die1hyq" ]

[ "People who love each other can totally live together without vows and paperwork - plenty of people do so their entire lives without any legal documents needed. However, from a government/legal point of view, a marriage is basically a contract that gives both people certain rights, so the government does need to have it sanctioned and regulated in some way to ensure that these contracts are fair and correct. Being married has a lot of specific legal perks - joint tax filing, next of kin rights, social security and IRA benefits, inheritance without taxes (or a will), etc. Because these are really specific and the kinds of things that people can commit serious fraud over, a legal marriage has to be licensed and filed with the government - if it's not on paper, these aren't valid. Here's a classic example: let's say that a guy dies suddenly without a will, leaving behind his longtime partner (but not wife - they never married), along with 2 kids from a previous relationship. Generally, that estate will be split between his two kids, and his partner wouldn't be entitled to anything (she would need to have been in his will to get anything). If there's a marriage contract, it tells the government \"Oh, he legally wanted her to have inheritance rights\" and she would be entitled to up to half, with the rest split between the kids (in most jurisdictions)." ]

[ 18 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

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[ "f5tewd5" ]

[ "Basically, when they feel content, happy, scared, or any of the feelings that can cause purring, their brain sends signals to their laryngeal muscles, also known as the Voice Box, and make the muscles vibrate rapidly. Then when the cat breathes in and out, the vibrating muscles make that rhythmic kind of rumbling we hear. And because the lungs take up significant space in the body, and because the air is being vibrated on the way in AND on the way out as the cat inhales and exhales, that vibration kind of echoes through the whole body. Like if you've ever seen slow-motion videos of speakers with paint on them. You see the speaker disk bouncing up and down as it vibrates with sound, and so the paint vibrates and jumps all over the place. The vibrating air passing through the cat's laryngeal muscles kind of has the same effect, except instead of paint vibrating along with the air pulses, it's the cat's body tissues vibrating. Like, not as violently as the paint, but the vibration still passes through the cats body just like it passing through the air. If that makes sense." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gv6aaxi", "gv6ivu3" ]

[ "In this case “minute” and “second” have nothing to do with time but instead the [angular units]( URL_0 ). As you’re probably aware, each line of latitude or longitude is at an angle of 1° from its neighbours, for example the angle between 46° N and 45° north is exactly 1°. A degree can be split up into arcminutes and arcseconds (or minutes and seconds for short). 1 minute is 1/60 of a degree and 1 second is 1/60 of a minute (or 1/3600 of a degree)." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minute_and_second_of_arc" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dfydr35" ]

[ "Effectively, what you're talking about there is using your phone as a type of router - which is pretty much what it does when it's in use as a hotspot. A router transfers traffic between two or more network interfaces - in the case of your phone as a hotspot, it uses the mobile interface (i.e. the one that connects to the cellular network) for its internet connection, and its wifi network interface for the devices that are tethering to the hotspot. There's a problem here, though - it's only got one wifi interface, and it can either connect *to* a network (to the hotel's wifi) or it can form a network for other things to connect to. It can't do both, and so you can't use your phone to share your hotel internet connection." ]

[ 9 ]

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[ "dsu0szb" ]

[ "a roth ira is a type of investment fund that's given special treatment by government. the money you put into this fund is limited to $5,500 a year. you're generally not allowed to take money out of the fund until you're 59 1/2 of age. doing so will invoke a 10% penalty. there are exceptions to the penalty. 1) using money to pay for education 2) using money to buy a home 3) using money to pay a major medical bill. and some others. the bonus to the fund is that when you take money out after 59 1/2, you don't pay income tax on it." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "emkug2g", "emkwqsr" ]

[ "The weight of the dirt actually crushes most coffins so the sinking will actually happen within 24 hours that's why they usually pile \"extra\" dirt on top. Effectively there is very little change after a few months." ]

[ 27 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial_vault_(enclosure)" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "delc0bi", "dela15f" ]

[ "Yes. That's basically what Transcranial Magnetic Simulation is - a series of strong, highly localised magnetic pulses that can temporarily shut down parts of the brain." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "dlam0q1" ]

[ "First off, vitamins. If you are healthy and have a decent diet, you're getting all the vitamins you need. There are specific health problems that can, for example, prevent someone from absorbing a vitamin efficiently from food. In that case, the person might take pills with a bunch extra of that vitamin, so that even though they don't absorb it very well, there's so much that they get enough. The big problem with herbs and other plant supplement items is that there's no guarantee of consistency, dosage, purity, etc. Herbs and other parts of plants can absolutely do stuff to your body. A popular Chinese plant supplement is red yeast rice. It's rice that has Monascus purpureus yeast growing in it. Some red yeast rice has a chemical called \"monacolin K\" in it. You can buy the chemical monacolin K from the pharmacy under the generic name lovastatin. It's a drug that lowers cholesterol. Of course, it does other stuff to your body, too. So people who are scared of things that sound like chemicals and think anything natural is good decide to go buy some red yeast rice to help their cholesterol, instead of buying lovastatin that is synthesized (made from other chemicals) in a lab or factory. Here's the problem: some red yeast rice has a lot of monacolin K in it. Some red yeast rice doesn't have any monacolin K in it. Some has a little bit. There's a huge variation. There is NO WAY for the user to figure out how much of the drug they are getting. How would you feel if you went to the pharmacy to pick up a prescription and the label on the bottle said \"take none, or a handful, or whatever you feel like, daily\"? So, first off, you have no idea how much of the drug you're getting. And then people are worried about all nasty chemicals that might be left over in the version you get from the pharmacy, because you know, it's made with all kinds of nasty chemicals. Well, it turns out, red yeast rice often contains citrinin, which can cause kidney failure, so you may be getting an unknown dose of poison along with your unknown dose of cholesterol medication. In the United States, herbal and nutritional supplements that do not make specific medical claims are almost completely unregulated and don't have to go through basically any kind of testing. It's a complete crap shoot. This kind of discussion always reminds me of a great little ha-ha-but-seriously joke: \"Do you know what they call alternative medicine that works?\" \"No, what?\" \"Medicine.\"" ]

[ 12 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "e8465wi", "e84645g" ]

[ "**Price fixing** is the collusion between multiple parties to artificially inflate the price of a good or service in a market where the multiple parties have a dominant position. For example, say you live in a small town in the middle of a desert. There are three gas stations in the town; the next nearest gas station is a 2-hour drive away. In a fair market, each gas station sets prices independently based on their costs and desire for profit, but that price is kept in check by competition with the other gas stations. In a price fixing situation, the three gas station owners get together and agree among themselves to (a) all charge the same price and (b) that price will be around triple what it was. They know that most people don't have other options (because the next gas station is 2 hours away), and will have to pay the fixed price. Basically, price fixing takes competition out of the situation. **Price gouging** is taking advantage of *external* conditions to charge a higher than normal price when a good or service is in high demand. For example, say you own a gas station in a small town on the coast of Florida, and a hurricane is approaching. The government has recommended everyone evacuate, so a huge number of people need to gas up their cars to get out of town, creating a higher than usual demand for gasoline. As a gas station owner, you take that opportunity to raise your prices since you know people need that gasoline *immediately* and don't have time to wait for prices to come back down or time to shop around for a better price. Price gouging ignores competition to take advantage of high demand and scarcity. **Profiteering** is when a business owner takes an abnormally large profit on a good or service, typically due to anti-competitive manipulation of prices. *Price fixing* and *price gouging* are both examples of profiteering." ]

[ 18 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "e6c5xw4" ]

[ "Without getting too chemical/physical, the light bounces off of the rough edges of the dry paper and reflects back to your eyes. When it’s soaked in a liquid, the light travels through more uniformly and doesn’t bounce back as much, so you can kinda see through the paper. It’s the same reason ice is more transparent in a cup if you put water in it" ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "e1b4mwx" ]

[ "People keep asking this questions and it keeps getting deleted because it's about recent/current events. Here's a quick copy & paste of a previous answer I gave. [This Wired Article]( URL_0 ) isn't a bad summary. Some background will help. If I'm a publisher, I'm responsible for checking the content of books I publish. If a book breaks copyright law, I'm responsible. If I'm a distributor, delivering books to people, I'm not responsible if they break copyright law. There's an important and long-running debate about websites and other online services: should they be treated more like distributors (like a phone company) or more like publishers? Most websites want to be treated like distributors and have as little responsibility as possible. Most of those who favour a free, open internet support this position. However many copyright holders hate it, because it makes copying their stuff really easy. And don't forget it's not *just* big companies that are affected by copyright violations. If I'm in a small band and people are listening to my songs on youtube rather than buying albums I might be pretty upset. (Although laws might not be written to help the little guys.) The EU is updating its rules on copyright. These rules will have to be turned into law by EU countries. What's getting people worked is article 13 of the proposed directive. This requires websites and others to take steps to protect copyright. The directive doesn't say exactly what, but in practice it'll mean automated systems to scan for copyrighted material. Much like already happens on youtube. What makes this different to youtube is that 1) it'll be the law; and 2) it'll cover all copyrighted materials. (If I understand correctly) Youtube automatically blocks some copyrighted stuff because it wants to, not because it has to. If blocking something caused too many problems for it, it wouldn't do it. In addition, the scope of the blocking will be much wider. And it'll raise much wider questions about how to ensure freedom of speech, fair use/fair dealing, prevent exploitation of the system or the wrong things getting flagged, and so-on. This directive is currently going through the legislative process at the EU. You can see the draft [here]( URL_1 ) if you want. It recently got through the European Parliament, and now has to be approved by representatives of EU member governments." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [ "http://www.wired.co.uk/article/eu-meme-war-article-13-regulation", "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52016PC0593" ] ]

[ "url" ]

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[ "dga5i4y", "dga5imz", "dga5k2z", "dga8fm5" ]

[ "The school has a special responsibility to act \"in the place of the parent\" (legal Latin: *in loco parentis.*) They aren't just the owner of some land, they are the temporary guardian of the kids. URL_0" ]

[ 14 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_loco_parentis" ], [ "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/in+loco+parentis" ], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_loco_parentis" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e03fg7c", "e03fzec", "e03pywk", "e03fdmp", "e03nk5k", "e03reyr" ]

[ "It comes down to who \"owns\" the history of Alexander the Great and the cultural legacy and identity that comes with it. With it comes the question of WHO were the Macedonians? Were they Greeks? Were they \"barbarians\" who adopted enough of Ancient Greek culture to pass as Greek? There are also broader questions of culture and history and country: can X culture exist outside of X country? Do the people of Modern X Country have a monopoly on Ancient X culture despite thousands of years of history changing the region? How linked together are culture and history? How are our understandings of ancient cultures shaped by the bias of sources from back then? Greece views Alexander's Kingdom/Empire of Macedonia and its subsequent successor states as part of the cultural heritage of Ancient Greece and therefore their history. They claim that the people who live in the Republic of Macedonia/FYROM now are not the same people who lived there in Alexander's time and are not culturally Greek and so don't have any claim to that heritage. It's not an inaccurate view: in the 5th/6th century, there were a wave of migrations of Slavic tribes into the area resulting in a country that has a Slavic (not Greek) culture and speaks a Slavic language. They point to the fact that the majority of historical records that describe Macedonians describe them as Greek. Modern Macedonians often refute that a lot of these records come from external sources (ex, the Romans) who tended to lump cultural groups together under one name and were not aware of/interested in the differences that the people in that group saw amongst themselves. Modern Macedonians from the Republic/FYROM claim that the Ancient Macedonians differed culturally and ethnically enough from the Ancient Greeks that Modern Greeks don't have a monopoly on Macedonian identity. One theory posits, for example, that they were a tribe from the north of Greece proper that underwent Hellenization and adopted elements Greek culture while preserving some of their own. Another argues that they were an example of a more \"archaic\" Greek society and the differences were as a result of cultural practices that the Ancient Greeks of the southern city-states had lost. Either way, modern Macedonians from the Republic/FYROM believe that this gives them just as much a right to claim Alexander's heritage as the Modern Greeks. They point to some historical records that demonstrate that the Ancient Greeks themselves considered Macedonians \"separate\" from them, but Modern Greeks argue that that was just as a result of political rivalry between Macedonia and the southern city-states. Modern Macedonians also point to instances of Macedonian Slavic culture that echo ancient Macedonian culture as evidence that the Slavic tribes who migrated in melded with the existing culture rather than invaded/exterminated it. Adding confusion is the fact that there's a region within Greece that's called Macedon (also part of the ancient kingdom) and that there are ethnic Greeks in Greece who identify as Macedonian. Basically, the region of Ancient Macedon and, more broadly speaking, the idea of cultures don't fit neatly within modern national borders. Thousands of years of history and war and migration and bias of primary sources that describe the Macedonians complicate things. Doubly so when there's certainly an emotional investment in the debate on the part of all involved." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://imgur.com/a/lBoeLN9" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dqkd3mh" ]

[ "In addition to the fact that there's more to the update than they list in the little blurb description they provide, it's also down to how the update is packaged. Some companies choose to provide updates in a \"delta\" format, where only the changes to files are sent to your device. In that format, the computer must calculate the new file using the old file and the provided delta data. This process is pretty reliable, but not perfect. When you're talking about OS files, this process can introduce errors that brick your device. Companies that use this for updates have to write additional code to check for errors and correct them, and sometimes updates may need to be downloaded multiple times as part of that. It saves time and bandwidth for most people, but it can unpredictably cost a lot of time and bandwidth for some people when it goes wrong. Apple often chooses to supply the entire updated file instead of just sending those bytes that changed, although they do now support delta updates. The advantage to full file updates is that there's no calculation needed on your device to install the update. You just change the code that pointed to the old files to point to the new files. If there are any problems, point them back to the old files. It's a more reliable method for the consumer, and is more predictable, but it does mean that updates include a lot of duplicate data you already have on your device." ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "e5rbpou" ]

[ "Imagine you're trying to cross a river on foot. You can't wade through it and there's no bridge. A 50 foot river would be impossible to cross. Now imagine there was a single rock in the center. If you could jump to the rock, you could cross. If there were more rocks spread out between the banks, it would be easier to cross. Fill the river entirely with rocks and you'll have no trouble at all crossing. The river is the space between two conductors, and the electrolytes are the rocks." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dc3r8vb", "dc3v1e6" ]

[ "Curing is a process that involves using salt(normally) to kill organisms living in or on the meat. Smoking technically counts as a cure, I believe, because compounds in wood smoke are hostile to microorganisms as well. The basic idea is that by inundating the meat with antimicrobial substances, you prevent rotting, mold, parasites and the like from setting in. Thus the meat remains safe because beyond oxidization and dehydration the meat will largely remain the same over time, since no organisms will act on it." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dg3ho3x" ]

[ "Um, because of watergate? EDIT: Oh right, most of reddit was born long after Watergate, forgot :) Well this happened, it was a thing: URL_0" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_scandal" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dhbm00b", "dhbj57m", "dhbmoyv", "dhbnmbg" ]

[ "In Australia they sit at the back of the chamber leaking party secrets to the press and generally undermining the elected PM. They become a rallying point for those of the same party who don't think the new PM can win. There is no formal role for an ex-PM in Australia. They spend their time writing their memoirs and plotting to become secretary-general of the UN. Fun times in Australian politics." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g10seq8", "g10z34d", "g10t3cn", "g10v48u" ]

[ "The short version is that the PWR (power to weight ratio) is much higher in motorcycles since most of the bike weight is in it's engine. It doesn't have to waste much power getting all the mass of a full car moving." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dfaemyk", "dfae9nj", "dfak8l2", "dfajh6g", "dfajf1a", "dfalwox", "dfaikq1", "dfafliq", "dfalk3l", "dfajg1t", "dfahfsm", "dfajkr0", "dfako0m", "dfajkhb", "dfak2z2", "dfafmpj", "dfaizp1", "dfam6sz", "dfakex6", "dfaebnq", "dfalhjv", "dfal27g", "dfapny1" ]

[ "I'm a big fan of pro-wrestling. It's easier to understand if you think of it as real-life super heroes. Pretty much everyone who is a fan knows it's scripted (trust me, we condescendingly hear it every time we mention it's an interest). The appeal of wrestling vs. 'real' fighting (MMA, UFC, Boxing, etc.,) is that it's a year-long affair. For instance, WWE has two televised weekly events and 1 monthly pay per view. This allows for long-term character developments and for there to be a battle of good vs. evil. Good vs. evil is huge in wrestling - WWE usually pits the boss against the small guy who has to 'overcome' the evil bosses continued harassment - like handicap matches, backstage attacks, new powerful signees etc., Of course, the 'promos'/interviews are all scripted. And, you have a variety of styles. Some will take on the role of a super athlete, some will be a comedy routine, some will mimic B-Roll horror movies, some act like royalty/celebrities, etc., All of that leads to Saturday Night Live-esque skits (some jokes, some serious) that fans like myself find quite entertaining. If you doubt the acting talent, just remember that The Rock started his career in wrestling and is now Hollywoods top paid actor. I'm not saying that everyone will love the Rock, but that seems to suggest that the WWE has an emphasis on getting genuinely interesting people on the microphone. Lastly, you have the wrestling itself. I like to think of it like a mix between amatuer wrestling, UFC, and gymnastics. [Here's my best attempt to convince you]( URL_3 ) that wrestling has some pretty cool stunts. In wrestling terminology, this is what's called a \"spot.\" It's one of the 'big sequences' of moves in a match. Most of the match is normally ad-libbed - but some sequences are planned out before hand, usually the riskier/more dangerous shit. If you watch wrestling 'critically', you can quite easily see/hear moves being called out between the guys in the match. Great wrestlers can make the ad-libbed part move smoothly. Bad/inexperienced ones botch it. A fan appreciates both the good and the bad and aren't exactly looking for every match to be a 5* match. It's like watching something like American Idol and expecting everyone to not suck. So watching the poorly done matches can be just as interesting as a great one. Also: plenty of these guys have martial arts/amateur wrestling experience. So while they're not actually making the holds be damaging, they're doing semi-real moves that if they put a little more pressure on *could break someones arm.* A good pro-wrestler can make it look a lot like an actual hold - it's the bad ones that you usually see in \"LOL WRESTLING!!!\" videos on youtube. EDIT: Saw a few recommendations from fellow fans that I thought that I'd add to the comment 1. [Wrestling isn't Wrestling]( URL_0 ) a well-done/humourous explanation of the development of a wrestling character. 2. [Awesome sequence by Sami Zayn & Cesaro]( URL_1 ). 3. [A quality full-length match between two of the best in the business, Shinsuke Nakamura vs. Sami Zayn]( URL_2 ). It's a more 'technical match' with nods to fighting sports. I'd argue it's more of a pro-wrestling fans wet dream than a casual fans, but since it's what a pro-wrestling fan sees as a quality match it's worth posting." ]

[ 1175 ]

[ [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYvMOf3hsGA", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmMRBnU-Vac&feature=youtu.be&t=1m49s", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgSzYxmQDqA", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nh22y0T-2O0" ], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hMp65SzyTU#t=01m20s", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVV9mNc7AGg#t=04m24s" ], [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYvMOf3hsGA" ], [ "https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nbq86V6x5LM" ], [], [], [], [ "https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=VYvMOf3hsGA" ], [ "https://youtu.be/VYvMOf3hsGA" ], [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acjPWVvSy2g", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8KbXThVBFI" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSe1maLmLUI" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dq7ozq8", "dq7skge", "dq7ttgd", "dq7t1ll" ]

[ "The internet is not a public institution - ever since the US government stopped being a Tier 1 network in 1995, all Tier 1 networks have been privately owned, and the entirety of the internet backbone is privatized. Privatization has little to do with the net neutrality discussion at hand, and the only 'vote' happening is between two people and three morons at the FCC. As for why the US has a dominant role on the internet, that's because all major internet governance institutions were US founded and US based (ICANN, IETF, etc), and all standards and specifications were built in the United States." ]

[ 33 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dmdmelf" ]

[ "Sorry in advance for the wall of text, this is not a super well understood area. Hopefully I can touch on some of the broad reasons for this however Eventually, you will sleep. Sleep is a powerful urge, mediated by various \"deep\" parts of the brain. It's a little like breathing. You can be choked to death, but if you just try to hold your breath till you die, you won't succeed. Once you fall unconscious, your brain will take over the breathing cycle. Sleep is similar. Left to your own devices, the urge to sleep builds up heavily. This occurs in various stages, none particuarly well understood. One of these is \"micro-sleeps\", which last anywhere up to 30 seconds, and during which time you're technically unconcious, and during which EEG scans will demonstrate you sink into sleeping brain activity. These are most common during monotonous tasks - you're unlikely to experience them in the middle of a fight for your life, but as soon as you start doing something mundane (in particular something that doesn't involve much movement), the powerful requirements to sleep start to take over, and you start to drift off very quickly. Eventually, these requirements become more and more urgent, and you start to seek out activities where you can go to sleep. This is mediated by the release of a wide variety of substances into your body that induce sleepiness - a great example of this is that transfusing cerebospinal fluid from a sleep deprived dog into a normal dog promotes sleep in the recipient dog URL_1 Sleep deprivation studies tend to involve whats called the \"flowerpot\" model, or the \"disk over water\" model. The basic concept behind these is similar - the animal is suspended over a body of water, on a small object. If they fall asleep, or start to fall asleep they are thrown into the water, which wakes them up again. The long term effects of this sleep deprivation are fairly well known (in rats etc at least), and have a tendency to be fatal in the end (hence why a severe lack of sleep can kill). What isn't certain however, is the exact \"why\" of their deaths. To quote from a good paper on the topic > These studies showed that total sleep deprivation, paradoxical sleep deprivation, and disruption and/or deprivation of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep produced a reliable syndrome that included death, debilitated appearance, skin lesions, increased food intake, weight loss, increased energy expenditure, decreased body temperature during the late stages of deprivation, increased plasma norepinephrine, and decreased plasma thyroxine. The significance of this syndrome for the function of sleep is not entirely clear, but several changes suggested that sleep may be necessary for effective thermoregulation. URL_0 As a general rule, as sleep deprivation increases, food intake increases (hyperphagia). However despite this increase in energy increase, weight starts to decrease, and energy expenditure increases, without obvious causes. Our bodies are managed by a finely tuned variety of homeostatic control mechanisms, that keep us well balanced from two extremes (blood too acidic, blood not acidic enough for example). Sleep appears to be particuarly troublesome for these systems, many of which begin to break down. What we do know however, is that sleep probably doesn't literally cause neuron death. It's not healthy for them, and it can really fuck with your neural development if it occurs chronically during formative periods of life, but it doesn't appear to kill neurons in and of itself, which was one of the popular theories for a while URL_2 Ultimately sleep studies are still in their infancy, and we really don't understand much about sleep - in particular why sleep deprivation is so fatal to us. We know the \"how\" of it much better than we know the \"why\", and likely will for some time." ]

[ 14 ]

[ [ "https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/12/1/68/2742656/Sleep-Deprivation-in-the-Rat-X-Integration-and", "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pjab1945/50/3/50_3_241/_article", "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899399017680" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g39jiyj", "g39ixmn", "g39n19h", "g39j7un", "g39j8ba", "g39ooid", "g3a55xw" ]

[ "When you buy traditional hardware, you own it or lease it, you have to have a physical place to put it (data center), network hardware to connect it, physical lines to connect it to networks, power supply, cooling all the hardware, etc. those are significant up front and ongoing costs. With cloud hardware, you pay a monthly fee and someone else worries about all of it. You also have the ability to scale up based on demand... for instance if you’re a large AAA game dev company and you are launching a new platform in a few days, you may need 10x the web capacity to handle requests that you don’t normally have, cloud can do that for you. You pay (usually) by the minute instead of having to plan for maximum capacity, you can do just enough to meet demand. And when the spike is over, you can scale the web back to “normal”. Because you didn’t buy the machines to support it, you don’t have to sell them afterwards or take depreciation. It’s the same reason you don’t buy a car when you travel, you just rent it for the time you need it, then return it, someone else worries about the maintenance and cleaning etc" ]

[ 21 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dl4dheb" ]

[ "Paint is mixed with a solvent that keeps it liquid in the can. When you expose the paint to air, the solvent evaporates leaving the solid pigment of the paint behind. If you leave the lid off a paint can, it will form a crust on top and eventually solidify." ]

[ 18 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gk1i8mc", "gk1j8m9" ]

[ "There aren't all that big generational divides. Most of the generational things are just stereotypes imposed by people looking to make a few bucks talking about the kids these days. At best they'll reference the effects of a significant historical event. In actuality, people are indeed being born and dying all the time, often parents of one \"generation\" have children that are in the same \"generation\", plenty of people don't have the characteristics ascribed to a particular generation, and often those characteristics are so vague that they might as well be a horoscope." ]

[ 27 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ddtkt17" ]

[ "Smells don't have hue, that is a reference to color which the eyes convey. It appears you are experiencing synesthesia which is a wiring mixup in the brain where perception of one sense is interpreted as another so smells have hues or colors have tastes, etc. As for why your individual brain associates smells with hue isn't something we can answer." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "h1jfxdt" ]

[ "It has to do with metabolism, evolution, and predation. _In general_: •the slower an organism’s metabolism, the longer it lives. This is mostly because organisms release cancer causing chemicals (like oxygen free radicals) as part of their metabolism, and because their cells wear out faster •evolutionarily, organisms that care for their young live longer. If they didn’t, fewer young would survive and they would be selected against. This seems to be part of the reason people live so long once they make it through childhood. •predation means that some animals are evolutionarily selected to live fast and die young. Because evolution has selected them to procreate early, they don’t have genetic defenses against aging. Size correlates with metabolism in mammals, so that’s what you’re probably thinking of. Predation is why bats live about 10x longer than mice, even in captivity. And R vs S selection is why apes live longer in general than other mammals. Edit: of course, there’s some imbalance now due to medicine." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f2n7wys", "f2nhir9", "f2pz7tw", "f2p2i7o" ]

[ "First, a raw potato outside of the fridge absolutely will spoil, especially if the weather is warm and humid. There’s no feeling quite like clearing out the cabinet, looking for whatever’s making that horrible smell, and having your hand go *into* a rotten potato. It takes less time for a cooked potato to spoil because cooking the potato turns starches into sugars, which are more hospitable to bacteria and fungi, and also often involves piercing the potato’s skin, which helps protect the potato from said bacteria and fungi." ]

[ 61 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dcalxvn", "dcaxb4n" ]

[ "Because your body is trying to encourage you to eat! Here are the two possibilities I've read about: According to when you eat, your body will release a hormone called Ghrelin which makes you feel like you're starving, possibly to the point of feeling nauseated. So if you normally eat every four hours and you missed a meal, your stomach starts to release ghrelin whether you need food or not because you've trained it on a schedule. Ghrelin normally stops being released after 30-60 minutes so it doesn't impact you actually getting food and that feeling of nausea will go away. It could also be low blood sugar! Your body could be releasing the hormone, Glucagon, which can cause nausea. If your diet is higher in refined carbohydrates, you're not used to burning fat because you have more sugars in your diet. If those sugars run out, your body starts to burn fat and this might cause a dip in your energy levels, headaches and nausea." ]

[ 25 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ftc4jia", "ftcg2gv" ]

[ "Skin and the fat tissue under it are both pretty soft and squishy. Having something squeezing it all day causes a bit of a memory foam effect. So when you take off the hat or mask after a few hours, it takes a little while for the skin to regain its normal shape; in the meantime you can still feel where it’s been compressed into a different shape." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dcet1jb", "dcex57o", "dcf3j62", "dcezlki", "dcey5bc", "dcf3nti" ]

[ "western cultures are further removed from tribal/clan living arrangements. The idea that the \"family unit\" sticks together and supports each other for life likely faded during urbanization and industrialization - the jobs/opportunities to support a growing family were no longer in close proximity to where you grew up. You had to move to the city to get anything done. China was still using family unit and clan structure to support people's communes into the late 1900s. Also, other Asian countries (such as japan and the koreas) have limited land-mass to support enough distinct living spaces for everyone to be able to move out and live separately so early in life - using larger plots of land per family, but supporting that family for generations, was simply a more feasable use of the limited space." ]

[ 36 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "di4lojc", "di4lrhz" ]

[ "So, someone misbehaves someplace. They are told they are banned, and then kicked out. So, what does banned mean? Well, the ban is actually a trespass warning. So, if the person comes back and misbehaves, they won't just be thrown out -- they'll be turned over to the police, who will arrest them for trespassing. And since the place can show they've told the person never to come back, it's pretty much slam dunk that the person will be convicted of the crime, and spend some time in jail. \"Hmm... I could go back to that Walmart. They probably won't notice me... but it's not worth a jail sentence.\"" ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fnq2ad1", "fnq09xw", "fnq3s3g" ]

[ "Because we're not herbivores and have not evolved (or have evolved out of having) a stomach capable of extracting all nutrients from grass. Cows don't do much endurance-hunting, long-distance running or (one of our biggest energy uses) brain function. They spend most of their lives using their energy to digest their food and build their bodies. We don't. We use the cows already-grown bodies and just steal all their nutrition after their death. We've either never eaten grass as our only diet, or have evolved away from eating grass because there was an advantage not to. Not every animal grows in the same environment, or makes the same evolutionary \"decisions\" and yet, they have been successful just as long. But if you want quick, compact, nutritious food to fuel a high-energy lifestyle, and have chosen a lifestyle based on walking on two legs (unnecessarily energy-consuming) and endurance-hunting (chasing an animal like a cow day and night until it collapses from exhaustion and then you eat it), then you don't have (and don't want) the biological machinery to eat grass - you won't use it, it's comparatively inefficient, and it weighs a ton. Cows, however, went for a sedate life, not being a predator (hence they become prey), utilising all their energy to extract the most from very-tough-to-digest grass, and turned it into muscle and fat in order to make them difficult to kill for most animals. Horses went for speed, shyness and strength. But they can't do it for very long. They are very dangerous in the wild, however, until we learned to tame them with tools and techniques that we created (outsmarting them by running them into a dead-end valley, etc. which isn't something you see an alligator do). Different evolutionary paths, branching off all over the place, and we happened to get the one that steals nutrients from other animals by eating their meat after hunting them using brains and endurance, rather than the ones that make all their nutrients but are literally unable to hunt (a cow can't hunt anything, and is as dumb as... well... a cow)." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dmlnxmi", "dmlo4nr" ]

[ "It's not meant to represent time in a literal sense. It is meant to represent how close the world is to a man-made global catastrophic event happening. Time is simply used as an analogy for social/political/other factors, as in \"less time left\" = \"greater danger.\" Close to midnight is thus \"Close to a dangerous event happening/lots of risk\"" ]

[ 15 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "evbrow1" ]

[ "they normally use the moon to navigate and these lights just confuse them. It's not like they \"like\" or need the light to live." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e0k479s" ]

[ "History shows that while the EU can pass some extremely strict laws, they can also be relied upon to not start actually enforcing the letter of the law until complying with it becomes affordable. Take all the \"we use cookies, click ok\" boxes that have been popping up in recent years. Those are in response to an EU law that says all websites must provide their users the option to reject those cookies, yet I have thus far only encountered a single website that did this. But it's ok, because the websites a trying their best, so the EU doesn't prosecute. Similarly, a contentID for everyone requirement would not be enforced until getting such a tool is something a given website could have easily afforded but chose not to. At this point websites will even have the ability to choose which tool to use - the overly aggressive one, or the one that only work on exact matches half a year after they were submitted to the system. NN, meanwhile, does not offer the option of simply using a different provider to people that live in areas with only one or two ISPs." ]

[ 14 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fhsvzkt", "fhtatly" ]

[ "Pain is usually caused by specific pain receptor nerves noticing a certain ph that’s made by damaged skin. That’s why putting an acid like lemon juice on a cut stings so bad. The aching pain is something different that I don’t know but the basic ouch/sting/cut type of pain is that." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gli1oli", "glhwq3d", "glhw1mw", "gli07a5", "gli86za", "gli78o8", "gli5hmo", "gli4num" ]

[ "I have a piece of closed-source software that's super secure. Trust me, it really is. I'm not going to show you the code, but I pinky-swear promise it's secure. I have a piece of open-source software that's super secure. Go ahead and look at the code yourself if you want proof." ]

[ 43 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dxhldl0" ]

[ "URL_0 has a [pretty good article]( URL_1 ) on it. As a very basic explanation, you apply pressure to make someone (or yourself) first say something different from what they believe, and then repeat it and reinforce it until they start believing it, or at least rationalizing it. As an example of self-brainwashing, you like someone and want them to like you back (the pressure), so you start listening to their music, dressing like them, befriending their friends, etc. You go from hating classical music (no rhythm, pointless) to learning to play violin, because you want to impress and be accepted by them and their family." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [ "Howstuffworks.com", "https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/brainwashing.htm" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f498r6s" ]

[ "Crossfit is a workout class, but it's also a competition. The idea is you go to the class and get fit and then go into local competitions, and if you do well, you go to regionals, nationals etc. They have age groups and teams so lots of categories so that pretty much everybody can go to a competition and fit in somewhere. So far this is all good, it creates lots of team spirit and friendships at the gyms. The competitions keep people motivated even if they aren't going to win. The way to get a personal best. I think there are online competitions to where you gym just submits your scores. The bad is the format of these competitions / workouts. You'll have a certain amount of time to see how many exercises you can do. Since you're rushing to do as much in the time limit you tend to do it with poor form and then get injured. The other issue it's easy to open a crossfit gym, so the instructors may not be that knowledgeable. That said, the scientific studies show crossfit to have similar injury rates to weight lifting. Lots of controversy from both sides. My advice: Judge the actual gym you are going to. Make sure somebody is teaching you the exercises and watching your form. Not just pushing you to do more." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ddaoawn" ]

[ "Nitrous Oxide is a chemical that breaks down into oxygen and nitrogen when heated by the combustion creating a large amount of oxygen which then allows you to burn more fuel and make more power." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dcago9w", "dcab2ll" ]

[ "First, the condition known as the \"common cold\" is a viral infection by any of several hundred different species of virus. The rhinoviruses (literally \"nose viruses\") are the most common culprit, but there are other viruses which can produce the same symptoms. Second, if you're asking where the actual viruses that infect us come from, the answer is \"The surrounding environment, primarily surface contact.\" Someone infected with a cold virus will shed live viruses from their nose and eyes. If they wipe their hands, they'll get viruses on their hands, which they can then transfer to other surfaces (including people) by touching them. Cold viruses can survive for the better part of a day on an exposed surface, making them pretty robust as far as these things go. This is why you're supposed to wash/sanitize your hands if you have a cold! Third, if you're asking where viruses as a category come from. . . you may as well ask where life itself comes from. Viruses are thought of as \"pseudo-living\", in that they are far too. . . *rambunctious* to be considered inanimate. If nothing else, they contain genetic material and are capable of a form of reproduction. Yet they lack some pretty important characteristics of truly living things (e.g., cellular structure, a metabolism, etc.). There are certainly theories, but at root, nobody has claim to genuine knowledge there. As far as anybody can tell, viruses have existed as long as life itself. Figure out the origin of one, and you'll basically figure out the origin of the other." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [ "http://www.commoncold.org/understand.htm" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dpu9t6o", "dpvbl3d" ]

[ "Depends on how you define \"money\". I'm not trying to be cagey, but cold hard cash is only one type of money. Economist recognize other types of wealth creation as adding \"money\" to economy. (M0, M1, M2...see wiki links below) example: you put $1,000 into the bank. The bank then loans that money out to a business. There is now, in effect, $2,000 in the system. The $1,000 in cold hard cash, and the loan, which is worth $1,000 dollars. Now that business uses the money to pay it's workers that month. The money goes into the employee's bank accounts (back to the bank). The bank then loan the SAME $1,000 to another business - and now there are TWO loans...the bank has CREATED two thousand dollars (in loans) ...which can be bought and sold on financial markets. wash, rinse, repeat....most of the money in circulation is actually money created by banks - this is the real reason why governments bail out the banks...they keep the economy expanding by \"creating money\" without printing new bills. This is VASTLY oversimplified for ELI5 for more information: URL_0 URL_1" ]

[ 10 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_creation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_supply" ], [ "http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/Documents/quarterlybulletin/2014/qb14q1prereleasemoneycreation.pdf" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "errbbzj", "err5kjp" ]

[ "Adding onto /u/Wesseljw 's answer: The frequency-ratio is important (the worse the ratio between two pitches, the more dissonant it sounds - going up to the irrational sqrt(2) for the tritonus), but what is more important is that music would sound boring without some dissonances, really boring actually. The development in history in that regard is pretty interesting. In the middle ages very, VERY harmonic music was prevalent at first (gregorian songs etc.), but people started to see that as boring. Then the relationship of two melodies that flow around each other was explored deeply (early Renaissance), it turns out that **having a short dissonance that resolves into a consonance is a really enjoyable**. A good **dissonance leads to a consonance**. Then two melodic voices were not enough and they kept adding more voices (polyphony, we are in late Renaissance there), with more complicated relations. That kind of music got explored more and got more and more complex (till late Barock, Bach(!)) until it got a bit too complex on the many lines of music you had to follow. The reduction in complexity on the \"everyone kinda plays the melodies\" lead to there being a more pronounced melody and accompany for the melody. The loss in horizontal complexity (less \"lines of music\" to follow) was made up by more complex harmonics in the accompany part. Dissonances play a great role in that music. They lead to **tensions that you want to hear resolved**. In that era composers started not instantly resolving the tensions, but going from one dissonance to another (which was VERY surprising and novel to the people back then) until eventually resolving it into a consonance. These dissonances are usually in the accompany part and are still smoothed over in the melody, so that you don't feel appalled by them. After that people got more and more crazy with dissonances culminating in the loss of any harmonics (Schönberg(!)), then, with the general public not really understanding (nor wanting to understand) music that just doesn't sound \"good\" in any way, multiple genres formed and built the musical landscape we have today. The Tl;Dr you should take away is: **Dissonances make music exciting because you instinctively want to hear them resolved into a consonance. Dissonances can not be seen out of context and whereas too many of them make any song sound really bad, too little make the song boring.**" ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g3ypfrg", "g3yqw5a", "g3ypfpi", "g3yryqf" ]

[ "It does not. The quartz resonates at a specific frequency which is divided down, using an electronic circuit, to produce 1 second pulses that drive the mechanical escapement that moves the hands. Quartz is used because the frequency stays relatively constant with variations in temperature. The watch is usually powered by a small battery, or more rarely by some sort kinetic generator that converts motion from the wearer into electricity." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "docrpb7" ]

[ "Right now the US dollar is the world reserve currency, meaning it is the standard used for trade around the world. This does two things: - Countries need to purchase US dollars for trade. This creates international demand for the US dollar and increases its value while giving money to the US. - Countries that own large quantities of US currency have an incentive to favor international policies that keep its value high so they don’t lose money This increases the strength and influence of the US in the world." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "drk4kts" ]

[ "Actually not exactly. We sleep in cycles. That's why sometimes after sleeping for many hours you feel great, and other times not so much. It all depends on if you wake up in between cycles or in the middle of one. Your deepest sleep is in the middle of a cycle and you don't want to interrupt that if you wanna feel great when you wake up.., ....or (to really answer your question) one solution instead of figuring out when to set your alarm for in between cycles is to just take a nap for 20 minutes or less. This is because when you first fall asleep it will take about 20 minutes for the cycle to start. Taking a short nap will insure that you don't interrupt deep sleep" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gtpvmxm", "gtq49g5", "gtpv9n1" ]

[ "You are two different people, with two different body types, with two different thermal characteristics. Each of your bodies handles maintaining thermal stasis differently. Its entirely possible one of you has a naturally higher capillary blood flow in your skin. This results in different perceived comfort zones for external temperatures. One of you could have a slightly higher resting metabolic rate. This generates more heat, so you prefer a cooler room to help remove the heat quicker. Multiple possible reasons." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dcjthdp" ]

[ "Your eyes are filled with a somewhat thick fluid. When you rub your eyes, this causes the fluid to apply pressure onto the retina. This pressure tricks the light sensing cells into thinking they are receiving light, so the cells send signals to the brain. Your brain interprets this as light and you see spots / rings or other false light sources. URL_0" ]

[ 8 ]

[ [ "http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2010/09/what-the-things-you-see-when-you-close-your-eyes-and-rub-them-are-called/" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dhndbug" ]

[ "Wow. You have a *really* bad idea of what acting is. Acting is way more than being an empty shell for the director's vision. Good performances are a *collaboration* between the actors and their director, not just standing there and reading the lines you're told to." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e3vjdnl", "e3vjbob", "e3vley0" ]

[ "Sometimes there are other restrictions which prevent you from maximising use of those resources – such as limited space or availability of equipment. For example, say you have a factory working at near capacity with 100 staff. If you increase to 120 staff your output will increase, but then the factory may be at capacity. If you increase to 150 staff, there won’t be enough room for people to manoeuvre efficiently, and they may need to take turns to use the machines. So output may still be higher, but not by much. If you increase to 200 staff, there won’t be space for people to move and no one will be able to reach the machines. Production starts to drop. If you increase to 300 staff, there will barely be breathing room and not much production could happen at all. In this example, you’ve kept adding resources (staff), but other restrictions (factory size and number of machines) cause the diminishing returns." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ez3taab", "ez0vo5f" ]

[ "Bauhaus was a school of design in Germany that was shut down by the Nazis. But the word has since grown to mean a style of minimalism and simplicity, used in art, architecture, furniture, typography, etc. It’s also grown to mean a movement that ushered in the current style we now call “modern” (think 1950s sleek styling). Bauhaus was a rebellion against the classical ornate style that was popular in Europe 100 years ago. It preferred fonts without serif (ie, sans-serif), buildings without decoration, embraced modern art in graphic design, etc. These ideas have become so popular in western culture since then, that they are now de facto mainstream. The bauhaus movement is the grandfather of modern design, and our world would look a lot different without it." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "h1if9mh" ]

[ "Skin under our eyes are particularly very thin and become lax very easily.. this makes them more transparent to whatever happens under the skin, for example if the blood supply increase it soon starts to look darker than the skin around, also minimal changes in fluid retention under the skin makes the undereyes look saggy. The exact connection between saggy eyes and lack of sleep has not been identified... However, it can be explained that when the eyes overwork and not get the rest that it needs, just as the eyes look reddened because of the increasing blood supply, the skin under the eyes also darken and creates an illusion of making it look kinda saggy... However oversleep can cause saggy eyes because the horizontal position of the body makes the extracellular fluid to accumulate around the face, making the face puffy and under-eyes particularly saggy." ]

[ 28 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g785j7u", "g785rwh" ]

[ "You will be trapped in the mesh, severely prevented from moving your arms and legs, nothing to grasp on. As you sink you will be rolled up in the mesh to help you comfortably drown." ]

[ 30 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dnuoei6", "dnv0p1l", "dnutz8q" ]

[ "Positive things happening are far more common, so people think they're boring. Once you've seen an airplane land, then you feel like you've seen a million. So a headline that says \"100000 AIRPLANES LAND SAFELY TODAY: Skilled pilots brave varied weather conditions and irritated passengers!\" doesn't sound very interesting compared to \"PASSENGER AIRLINER FLIES INTO THE SIDE OF MOUNT EREBUS: Many feared dead!\" It's something innate in the human experience to desire to put things into a narrative context. We like stories. When something scary or negative happens, we instinctively hook onto it like it's the start to a grim novel, despite the fact that it's actually our waking reality. (That sounds horribly depressing (and it is) but this is why there needs to be a great drive in yourself to find how to help, and find people who want to help.)" ]

[ 12 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e9gam8x", "e9gaqh1" ]

[ "Some people disagree with democrats and republicans. There have been more than just those 2 parties in history, and sometimes they win. People are sometimes idealists who believe they should vote for what/who they truly believe in, instead of picking the lesser of two evils. This doesnt always work out, but it shows the two leading parties that they failed to win 1% or 2% of the vote, and their candidate may have won with that extra 1 or 2%, so it can help sway policies and bring candidates closer to centrist, or further away depending on the fringe party." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "drxg8lb" ]

[ "Snow is an excellent insulator. So many crags and crannies redirecting sound waves end up nullifying the random ambient sounds." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gzoq9kg", "gznuq3j" ]

[ "Roses don’t actually want to grow roses. They are a fruiting plant. They want to grow rose hips. If you deadhead a rose (cut back the plant once the flower has faded but before the rose hip has formed) then the plant must try again. Instead of putting all of its energy into growing a couple of rose hips, it puts its energy into blooming once more. The same basic idea occurs on a larger scale when you cut back the whole plant. You remove the larger branches and the plant doesn’t have to expend energy to maintain them through the winter. So it can grow *new* branches with all its energy in the spring." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e3j3qd5" ]

[ "Mortein brand insecticide contains small amounts ( < 0.5%) of Allethrin and Resmethrin. Both work in similar ways. To explain the killing mechanism thoroughly would require lots of technical jargon, but basically they are neurotoxins that paralyze the insect." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dwurcvq", "dwuxuq5", "dwv7w7c", "dwuydvj" ]

[ "The rough idea of how a battery works is that there's two chemicals. They want to merge, creating one waste chemical + electricity. A rechargeable battery uses chemicals that can go in reverse. If the rechargeable battery has a ton of waste chemical, you can put in electricity and then it will un-merge and make the two original chemicals. Thing is, processes like these are like any other process in life - they are not perfect. Instead of converting at 100% perfection, it might convert at 99.999%, which means that *tiny* bit of the conversion goes elsewhere - probably a separate unusable chemical, or some of the energy is wasted as heat. Eventually both the original chemicals and the waste chemicals turn into enough crappy unusable chemicals and everything just clutters up." ]

[ 51 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_effect" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dcy6og9", "dcy6pdc" ]

[ "It's hard to do because the molecules that make up salt are extremely tiny and can slip through all but the most extreme filters. That leaves you with two options: 1) boil the water into vapor to leave the salt behind. 2) force the water through an extremely fine membrane to filter the salt out. Option #1 requires a massive heat input, option #2 requires a massive pressure input. Both are very energy intensive and therefore expensive. Both also have issues with the salt residue fouling equipment. As technology improves and freshwater sources dry up it will become more economically feasible to desalinate on a large scale. Some nations have already built plants." ]

[ 16 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gc5u7n7", "gc5vd7k", "gc636n2", "gc61g8h" ]

[ "Because sex directly contributes to the furtherance of the species. Biologically, it's basically one of your core drives- to spread your genes and reproduce. Therefore, we receive intense pleasure from sex in order to encourage us to do it a lot." ]

[ 26 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dp83gdk", "dp83sgm" ]

[ "They don’t. It’s been studied and the idea that they do is a combination of confirmation bias and misunderstanding of probability." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dtpwky9", "dtpwwb0" ]

[ "Our hearing apparatus consists of the external ear (which is our floppy ear pinna and ear canal) and the ‘internally hidden’ middle ear, and internal ear. Normally, the sounds from outside is transmitted from the external ear then towards the eardrum into the middle ear, and lastly, towards external ear, where the sound energy is converted into electrical impulse which is then brought towards the brain, where it interprets the sound. However, in your case, the soundwaves from the earphones causes vibrations inside the your nose, which then can be transmitted through the skull, directly towards internal ear, where conversion process occurs. Sooo, basically it skips your ‘ear’. (This is also the basis for clinical examination for hearing problem) I hope this answers it!" ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gbipk8d", "gbjcvrq" ]

[ "If you hold food in your mouth, the experience changes. Potatoes chips get wet. Salt dissolves. Carbohydrates turn sweet. Cold drinks get warm. Fizz leaves the soda. Smells lose intensity (due to saturation) So quite literally the taste changes if you hold it in your mouth. I’m not sure that holding something in your mouth is as unsatisfactory as it is awkward. You can’t talk, can’t eat more, and you have to fight your instinct to swallow. You have a sensation of being full that comes in part from literally having a full stomach. But that is only part of it. Satisfaction with a meal depends on many things.. such as cravings, nutrition, special body needs, individual preferences, the time since you last ate, dehydration/ thirst is a big one. In short, swallowing is part of a a complete, satisfying experience." ]

[ 105 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "emtp5oo" ]

[ "Similar to fight or flight when you see something that'd give you the butterflies, like a crush, you're body starts releasing adrenaline and cortisol. This raises your heart rate and your body sends the blood to your legs and whatnot and away from your digestive organs. This \"draining\" causes the butterflies feeling." ]

[ 14 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "esyc8y5" ]

[ "Okay, here’s the deal. A bidet attachment sits on your toilet, so after you go, you can directly spray the area with pressurized water. All of this is happening inside the toilet bowl, so there’s no mess to deal with. Compare having to wipe several times with toilet paper and still not being totally clean, vs. using the bidet for roughly 10 seconds, knocking off all the waste, and then only needing a couple of sheets to dry off. My boyfriend and I got one, and we’ve saved so much on TP it’s crazy. What would have lasted us 2 weeks suddenly lasts 2 months. Get into it!" ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fb3x41u", "fb406us" ]

[ "Yes exactly that is going to happen. A few years back they hacked the ATMs around Barcelona and withdraw 1.54 billion €. The bank's started noticing that huge amounts of cash were missing, but no withdrawal was registered. So basically the money was created out of thin air and printed anew. The police caught around 100 people involved in the scheme, but of course they are not shire if they got everyone." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e71qjbe" ]

[ "The phone knows what it's playing it out the speaker and is able to subtract that from what comes in the mic" ]

[ 14 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e3ziyf6" ]

[ "Because it's actually saying that you have 3 bars of phone call reception, which is a different type of signal than internet data. The tiny trickle of data you have is of type LTE. So it says what type of data signal you have, right next to the phone call signal strength. It never directly tells you your LTE strength." ]

[ 14 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e3y96c6", "e3y9fd6", "e3yaju1", "e3ya6zq", "e3yar3m", "e3yahoc", "e3ya1ax", "e3y9eix" ]

[ "The effervescence of the soda can help calm your stomach in a similar way to an Alka Seltzer. The saltines are a good way to have more sodium which will help you retain fluids better." ]

[ 69 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g5bpvig" ]

[ "I have the same thing. I call them \"sneezures\". What I've noticed is that there are several triggers for my sneezures. For instance, sudden exposure to a bright light can do it. So can an uncomfortably full stomach, or a bowel movement. Even, strangely enough, the post-orgasmic state can set it off. My hypothesis is that what all these triggers have in common is stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. Why that should set off a sneezure, I'm not sure, but there it is." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fbrkv5m", "fbrejj5", "fbrv5gg" ]

[ "Each cell carrier in the US uses their own specific set of frequencies. Higher frequencies don't penetrate solid objects as well but they can transmit data faster. & #x200B; This is why if you have a wireless router at home with both 2.5 GHZ mode and 5 GHZ mode, the 2.5 GHZ mode is slower but has better coverage through-out your house whereas the 5 GHZ mode is faster but doesn't reach as far." ]

[ 17 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ftl8ktw" ]

[ "Brave blocks ads, and then lets you opt in to getting THEIR ads. They give you a token currency for viewing ads, and the keep the income from the actual ads that are generated. They then give the user the option to forward their token-currency to websites that sign up to the Brave Content Creators program for support. Essentially, you can watch ads to support specific websites that you want, but Brave takes a share." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gxvpnli" ]

[ "Fun fact. The voice what you hear from recording is your real voice. Have you ever tried recording the voice of someone you know. You will notice that the recorded voice of that person and their voice what you hear directly whenever you are talking to them is the same... Meanwhile yours are not. It is because the voice you hear whenever you speak is a bit pitched. It is more \"mature \" or deeper. The reason behind this is this. You hear your own voice differently because it hits you directly. It comes from you and there are other paths within your head leading to inner ears where those voices of yours could very well travel. So all in all the recorded voice of yours is the \"real\" voice what everybody jis hearing whenever you speak The voice what YOU are hearing when you speak is the altered voice. as you hear it kind of differently. Funny isnt it?" ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "glqf8mr" ]

[ "Food poisoning happens when you eat some bad bacteria living on/in your food. These bacteria (commonly staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus) make a toxin and spread that toxin all in your food. When you eat that toxin, your guts are like “this is a bad thing so let’s get rid of it” and your guts get rid of it with vomiting and diarrhea. The vomiting and diarrhea get rid of the bacteria and essentially clean you out. Some bacterial diarrheas last longer but that’s because those bacteria can live in your guts and make their toxin instead of these food poisoning ones that make their toxin before you eat it. Source: final year medical student" ]

[ 10 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fa562aj", "fa50oji", "fa56jy5" ]

[ "Basically for the most part they are bags of water surrounded by water, in addition they tend to be small and have no body cavities which the pressure can crush (no swim bladders)." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dpu9exd" ]

[ "Probably because it's a more direct hit on your bones. There's no (or very little) muscle there to absorb the hit." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dhu9ajg" ]

[ "We can absolutely take a look at the neural networks AIs use to fo their thing and try and analyse them. The problem is that complicated neural networks have thousands of nodes with millions of connections. And, since they are trained rather than designed, they don't follow any design patterns that a human might recognize. They are like a giant bowl of spaghetti and you are trying to figure out what happens when you pull on one." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ea5axny" ]

[ "Both!!!!!! I can’t explain it other than that I have lived it. Bottoms only ever happened during an acute MAST CELL ATTACK (all caps bc it sux) and I couldn’t walk. Prayers if you have hives." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgyh8zj" ]

[ "Its super complicated. Some representatives of these states stayed as like a goverment in exile, some positions were left vacant, representaives who took direct part in seccesion were expelled. This gives a general overview of the beginning of the war. URL_0 There was definitly more pro union and north bills passed. West Virginia was also allow ro break off of virginia and was admitted. The southern states would had never allowed this to happen." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/37th_United_States_Congress" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gg3om9j" ]

[ "The car’s onboard computer is continually measuring the speed of rotation of each individual wheel. When the car detects that one (or more) wheels is moving slower or faster than the other wheels (and/or slower or faster than the car expects the wheels to be turning given the overall speed of the vehicle and driver inputs such as braking and acceleration) the car will decrease or increase power until it senses the wheels are “balanced” again. The full version is obviously a lot more complicated, but that’s the ELI5 version." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]