Datasets:

mNLP-project

/

gpt2-finetuning

like 0

[ "eacikka" ]

[ "It's the line between Asia and Oceania. West of the Wallace line, species are more closely identified with mainland Asia. East of it, they're become more and more similar to Australian/Australasian/Oceanian. There's a transitional area just east of the line called \"Wallacea\" but for botanists and zoologists, the Wallace line marks where Asia ends." ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "url" ]

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[ "decee5p", "decei6b", "decerhd" ]

[ "It's largely cultural rather than practical. In earlier days when automobile safety standards were still coming into existence and traffic flow-related science was emerging, it was inconvenient for American civil engineers to cross the Atlantic ocean and consult the growing popularity and expertise of European engineers. Roundabouts have many attractive features, but without as much input from proponents earlier on in city planning, American city planners went with the basic, easy and efficient square grid layout of cities, which forced road intersections to use squared up signaled intersections. Change away from this in North America is somewhat slow, and moreso in dense areas because roundabouts can have a larger and oddly shaped footprint on the land around them, making a change expensive. Roundabouts also have different rules than signaled intersections, which will force drivers to think differently about what they're doing. The most important thing for a road to have for a driver to use it easily, is predictability. If they don't understand how a roundabout works, it will cause confusion, which causes accidents. Because plenty of Americans are uncomfortable with roundabouts or don't want to learn how they work, they'll try to avoid them or resist having them built." ]

[ 4 ]

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[ "e1gieuu", "e1gs40z", "e1gidyd" ]

[ "It's super-expensive. The NK nuclear program is estimated to have cost $5-7B to a country with a $30B GDP. It's a treaty violation, almost all countries signed the nuclear non-proliferation treaty and agreed not to do this. When you break your treaty promises, you get sanctions and unhappiness." ]

[ 17 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "h0d1q9o", "h0d1it7", "h0dfua5", "h0d2j87", "h0d7w83" ]

[ "The MAC address does not give any description of where the device is located or how you can send a packet to it. If we were all just using MAC addresses for all traffic then every router at every ISP needs a list of all the devices in the world and where to find them. This would be extremely difficult to maintain. The current system of addresses is based on the geographical and logical location in the network. A router only needs to look at the first bits of an address in order to know where it should send the package next. You can compare it to a post address. We technically do not need to write the street name, post code and country on every letter we send in the mail since most people have a unique name. However it is very helpful to the post office to know if the receiver is living on the other side of the city or in the next country. The way we have it now they can only look at the post code and sort it into rough boxes that can be sent in different directions. A post office in New York City does not need to know your street address in Los Angles and only need to know what post code range is used for the west coast cities." ]

[ 64 ]

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[ "em95wv6", "ema20h3", "em97w3g" ]

[ "Blood is generally just proteins suspended in water, so it’s much easier to keep viable as opposed to actual cell tissue. This doesn’t mean that it can’t “sour” per say, so they keep it just above freezing so the proteins aren’t malformed." ]

[ 4 ]

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[ "f8vlty7", "f8vm0ug" ]

[ "Sunlight actually helps our moods, so the less sunlight (like in winter), the more sad people tend to be. It’s called seasonal depression and is surprisingly common." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "e89q5br", "e8a0fe8" ]

[ "The problem is the Saudis, like many countries in the area, tend to have a real technology problem. They don't have the infrastructure, the personnel, or the technology to produce advanced weaponry in their country. Heck, machining a good assault rifle entirely with local talent would probably be a huge challenge. If you are talking about making a cruise missile locally you are talking about highly advanced technology in a variety of disciplines such as materials, electronics, design theory, manufacturing, etc. It is much more efficient to just buy the stuff on the open market." ]

[ 49 ]

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[ "dki27y1", "dki29u8", "dki2e7h" ]

[ "Making a brand for yourself takes money and time, but piggybacking on an existing brand lets the consumer know what sort of product you are selling without very much investment involved. Making their own brand is a bigger goal than they are looking to achieve." ]

[ 3 ]

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[ "e4em7sj", "e4fcb45", "e4em4eo" ]

[ "Submarines have tanks called ballast tanks that control the ships buoyancy. They’re filled with air to make the submarine float, or filled with water to make the submarine sink, and the air ejected. Filling it with air requires tanks of compressed air on board to force the water out of those tanks." ]

[ 16 ]

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[ "fj0x12s" ]

[ "The telescope is mounted on a multi-axis motor so it can follow the target as the Earth rotates. Then it's just a matter of trying to pick a time and place where light pollution isn't obnoxious. The final photos are then often processed a little to enhance contrast and dull the effects of local light pollution." ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "ff5fx3w", "ff4jn7j" ]

[ "Honestly, as long as the surgeon did their job right, there won’t be a “pocket” left over from the removal. Your organs are already pretty squished inside your body, so they’d just rearrange themselves a bit to fill the extra space." ]

[ 22 ]

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[ "gyzkcxn" ]

[ "It depend on the person and time you need to survive, The minimum you can survive on is zero food intake. You can survive with no food for a couple of weeks. If you eat some food but not enough you can survive for longer If you like to survive and do not use you body for food the answer will depend on the person. A rule of thumb is 2500 Calories for men and 2000 calories for women because men tend to be larger. It will be less for a child. That will also depend on you activity and even the temperature of the environment. If it is to cold you will need to use more food to stay warm." ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "gg4sc2s" ]

[ "The antlers are not very heavy, but are very strong. It does require some neck muscles to carry them but it is not very dificult to do so." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "g2rjcyj" ]

[ "Water molecules have two special properties, cohesion and adhesion. Cohesion causes water molecules to stick to themselves, causing things like surface tension. Adhesion causes water molecules to stick to other surfaces, which is why, for example, there’s still water droplets in a cup when you finish drinking it. Water adhesion applies to all kinds of things, including cloth. A wet cloth, because of adhesion, will stick to things because the water wants to stay with both the cloth and whatever else it’s touching." ]

[ 3 ]

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[ "gh6fuz2" ]

[ "Clocking isn't really a thing, but overclocking is a method of increasing your computer's speed. Basically, the part of the computer that does the thinking is limited to a certain speed and voltage to prevent errors and damage, but mainly overheating. So, some people like to 'overclock' the processor to go past this limit, and then install a better cooling system to compensate. This allows them to have a faster processor at a lower price. It is called overclocking because it increases the 'clock rate' of the processor. The clock rate is basically the speed it can 'tick' at, or create cycles that can be used for processing." ]

[ 3 ]

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[ "g5q2b9w" ]

[ "It's like when you hold your hand over a flame, and pull it away when it gets too hot, except you can't pull it away and it's another sense, or some of your senses, or all of your senses at once. Example: I get sensory overload at live music shows under the right circumstances. I'm surrounded by too many people, the music is too much, the lights are bright and flashing and all of a sudden it's like I can't breathe, my skin is crawling, and I want to run away as fast as possible." ]

[ 3 ]

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[ "e0ktysz", "e0ktosa" ]

[ "Because what they serve is mass-produced and as cheap as possible. School budgets are very tight around here, so every penny counts - except when it comes to competitive sports, that is (whole other discussion). So by serving cheap, mass-produced lunches, they're saving money. Most public schools are funded based on student attendance and standardized test scores, so nutrition is very low priority." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "fo6d6t8", "fo6rbxh", "fo6hdps" ]

[ "So first off you stretch after you finish exercising, not before. When the muscles are heated up and have tons of bloodflow is the best time to stretch. Second. Its about mobility, and range of motion. If you get swole and you don't stretch, then you won't be able to move the same way you were beforehand. Its not necessary or anything, but it makes life a bit easier. As you get to body builder type levels, if you didn't stretch at all, you'd lose a lot of life function. There's no science that says its overly important, or for that matter prevents injuries when exercising correctly. You also should never do static or ballistic stretches (think touching your toes, vs reaching to touch your toes really fast a bunch of times once after another) before a workout, as this can actually lead to injury. There are non static stretches, I think you can find them in r/bodyweightfitness . Third. Hypothetically, if you ever over reached, or did an accidental split, you'd be better off with stretchier muscles than not. So can prevent injury in rare accidental cases. As far as why trainers say its so important. They usually don't have college degrees, and they're just repeating a long living rumor. You can find a very decent sidebar in r/fitness explaining everything." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [], [ "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296066156_BET_1_Does_stretching_before_exercise_help_prevent_injury", "https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/stretch-before-exercising/", "https://www.bmj.com/content/325/7362/468" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e48vi8y", "e48vjzu" ]

[ "From [this link]( URL_1 ): > People born before 1957 lived through several years of epidemic measles before the first measles vaccine was licensed in 1963. As a result, these people are very likely to have had measles disease. Surveys suggest that 95% to 98% of those born before 1957 are immune to measles (see URL_2 ). Persons born before 1957 can be presumed to be immune. However, if serologic testing indicates that the person is not immune, at least 1 dose of MMR should be administered. Additional information is available at URL_0 ." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [ "www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr6204.pdf", "http://www.immunize.org/askexperts/experts_mmr.asp", "www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/measles/faqs-dis-vac-risks.htm" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eealokn", "eean9hk", "eeaq0op", "eeanpo2", "eealceg", "eeav1k4" ]

[ "> What's the big deal if you ain't got anything to hide? Your phone knows where it is every second of the day. It knows when you're driving, when you're working, when you're sleeping, etc. It knows when you're goofing off instead of working, and if you have a voice assistant turned on it listens to everything that is happening around it all the time. If you're fine with a full 24 hour record of your life being sold to anyone who can pay, then it isn't a problem." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dhsqa80" ]

[ "The sun's UV rays damage your DNA. This is how all cancers start, with damaged DNA. So, depending on what part of the DNA is damaged, it takes a long while for things inside the cell to build to a level where it becomes cancerous. A cancerous cell is one that grows and divides over and over and doesn't stop. These cells don't listen to the body when they are told to kill themselves. Also, cells are very small and takes a long time until the mass of cancerous cells gets big enough for you to notice. Fun fact: the top place on the body that gets the most skin cancer is the back since it's hard for someone to check for irregular moles and spots." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dm5cd13", "dm5biwi" ]

[ "The American power grid runs at 60 Hz. Therefore, American television was designed to run at 60 Hz. Early home computers used television tubes for video output and were built in America. Therefore, early computers ran at 60 Hz. Therefore, PC monitors were built for 60 Hz. Common monitors still refresh (i.e. show a new picture) at 60 Hz. If you render new stills slower than your monitor refreshes, you get stutter because one of the stills has to be shown twice. Therefore, 60 Hz is a popular frame rate. Another interesting thing: Television ran at 60 Hz, but only at 30 frames per second. But with old CRTs, which display the image as short flashes, this causes unbearable flickering. What television makers did was divide each frame into two halves, called \"fields\", one contianing the even lines and one containing the uneven lines. They could not push a full 60 fps, but with each field only having half as much content, they could deliver 60 fields per second and still get a 60 Hz refresh rate, making flicker much less noticable, which is where we get interlaced video from. On an LCD, this looks quite terrible, since it does not do short flashes, it holds the image until the next frame comes in, so we see comb-like structures when things move between fields. Interestingly, despite HDTV driving the widespread adoption of flat-panel displays, HDTV was still designed for tubes, so we still got an interlaced resolution with 1080i. Ultra-HD, being designed for flat-panel displays from the ground up, does away with this, and delivers low frame rates instead if it cannot go for full resolution at full frame rate." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "ds1m9of", "ds1m3qh", "ds1p5ud", "ds1qde9" ]

[ "Interstates must have a clearance no less than 16 feet. In cities it can be 14 feet, but some route through it must still be 16. States generally also have these standards, or something very close, and the handful of exceptions to them on state routes are available online, in atlases, and on truck GPS systems. So if you've got a normal semi, and you use the highways and observe signs about truck restrictions, you're good to go. If you've got something taller than this, or an oversize load of any kind, it's a special case, and you've probably worked this out in advance before you start driving. If there's an accident or something that forces you to detour, you just be really careful." ]

[ 70 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

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[ "dibyjon" ]

[ "It can cause polar ice melting, which raises sea levels and means many coastal areas could be permanently under water. It can turn areas that are the right temp/climate for crops to become too warm and or cause the moisture to evaporate more quickly. It can also cause quicker evaporation of lakes and rivers people depend on for drinking water. And this additional moisture in the atmosphere can lead to heavier rainfall, flooding, etc. Warming of the oceans can increase the amount and severity of of hurricanes." ]

[ 4 ]

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[ "dl8ffcz" ]

[ "There are two main reasons for this. One is physical, and one is mental. For both however, you need to understand a concept called *homeostasis*. Our body is a massively complex biological system, constantly changing, never *really* at 'rest'. Blood is pumping, nutrients are delivered and processed like amazon on black Friday, and don't even get me started on the gazillions of chemical processes that makes sure everything all the way down to the cellular runs as it should. Our bodies being biological and thus chemical in nature, also means it's really sensitive to temperature. Our bodies only work properly in a range of roughly a few degrees celsius. Lucky for us this goes fine and dandy without our intervention, partly because our biological make up is a result of millions of years of evolution, ensuring that whatever survives these generations of trial and error, should work relatively reliably. In terms of our physical body, we all have common ways of dealing with temperature. Our insulating exterior of skin and fat maintains a level of internal stability, and we can heat up or cool down by burning some fuel or sweating some moisture. On top of that, our blood vessels also can adapt how much they're exposed to the outer temperatures, but I'd put that in the insulation part :) Now clearly these are the common strategies, but we humans are particularly diverse, and could differ a lot in how well our bodies achieve these strategies. More importantly however, is the mental aspect to it. Sensing temperature is something done in the brain. Well to be precise the *sensors* are on our body, but the information comes together in the brain. This helps parts of the brain responsible for keeping things in 'homeostatic balance', to monitor what's going on. Us being blessed (or cursed) with the capacity to reflect and accumulate experience however, does mean that the sense of temperature isn't all physical. You could have the exact same bodily temperatures, and still feel colder or warmer, more or less in need of ice cream or a hot sweater, just because of a certain thought, habit, or past experiences. On the short term, we feel temperature often relative to the recent past; how warm you woke up or your office was affects how you'd experience the outside, but this sensitivity to the recent past can extend further. Heck, some people just hate the cold because it's a basic preference. Some people are just more sensitive to it becuase of some past experiences. Point is, our thoughts affect how we feel, and that is an important, even if vague, part of the puzzle ;) I know it might not be the most satisfying part of the question, but hope it helped!" ]

[ 8 ]

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[ "du9mxas" ]

[ "> but what does the farm actually make? Is it upping the RAM of the site? The server farm *is* the site. A website is just a series of files which are accessed remotely. They exist on a computer which is connected to the computer on which you are viewing them. The computer that holds and provides the files which make up a website is called a \"server\" (it \"serves\" the files to anyone who requests them). Big sites have lots of users and one computer would be overwhelmed. If you take a bunch of servers and put them all together it is called a \"server farm\", sort of like how a farmer might raise a pen of chickens or cows. Having a bunch of servers means the load of serving all the people who want to see the website can be split up between them and be successfully managed." ]

[ 23 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fo2oaz1", "fo3s9ak" ]

[ "There are lots of incentives for (some) farmers to grow products; corn farmers, for example, often get five or six different subsidies per crop. We keep paying them so they keep producing food, so we'll always make enough. But if we make too much and the market bottoms out, we pay them for any losses so they don't go bankrupt. So if they destroy the crop, they can write it off as a loss and get paid. If they donate it, they can't; they can only write it off as a donation, which is worth less." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "ectzb2u" ]

[ "Your brain detects movement through an organ in your ear. This organ consists of three rings, one for each of the axis (X, Y, Z). These rings are lined with tiny hairs that detect the movements of tiny particles that float in a liquid that the rings are filled with. When you move in a direction, the particles in that ring move inducing a signal through those hairs. Now when you spin around you are accelerating those particles in the rings. When you stop, the particles don't and keep moving. Your brain interprets this as a if you were still spinning. The dissonance between what you are doing and what your brain actually thinks you are doing is a large contributor to the feeling of dizziness." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "dhwuuoj", "dhwtsxf" ]

[ "Six or seven basic facial expressions are instinctive, universal, and easy to notice. URL_0" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [ "https://www.kairos.com/blog/the-universally-recognized-facial-expressions-of-emotion" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dh6473y", "dh640mz" ]

[ "so what these programs do is take any color you want, and remove it from the shot. You can then overlay other things on top of that color. By that definition, you can use any color you want, as long as the live elements of the shot that you do want to keep don't also have that color. Green has the least interference with things like human skin. If you were to use reds/oranges, skin would start to flicker because there's a bit of those colors on skin. Blue was popular in the early days for this, but green seems to be what reacts to skin the least." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "dkjtp8u", "dkjznkl", "dkka8ir" ]

[ "For the plants that matter, like ones we eat, that kind of hardiness usually works against large yields. We need plants to perform very well and grow quickly to feed all of us. Weeds survive because they don't grow juicy fruit, or large edible roots. They just devote their all to... weedlike growth." ]

[ 72 ]

[ [], [], [ "http://ucanr.edu/sites/scmg/files/183771.pdf", "https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/drought/crops/weed-control-strategies-with-dry-conditions" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ea4wq2w", "ea4unek" ]

[ "Do you mean on hardware or \"software\" level? The field of [numerical analysis]( URL_0 ) is how one approximates functions, which is to say arrives at a \"close enough\" solution to problems which are either hard to solve, or don't even have a \"simple\" exact solution. Most of the time this involves solving some kind of [system of linear equations]( URL_4 ), which is a collection of simple calculations. This is the \"software\" level. On a theoretical level, we can write some functions as simpler functions. [For instance, the sine function can be expressed as a polynomial]( URL_1 ). Computers calculate sine by taking enough parts of that series that we get close enough approximation for our needs. If you mean on hardware level, they are basically just miniature computers. /u/speculative_goat gave you a link the Adder wikipedia article, which are one of the building blocks for computers. The basic idea is like thus: * The final result is an electric component with multiple outputs. Each output can either have electricity coming out, or not. You can imagine the output as a collection of little lamps. We then agree that the way the lights are lighted corresponds to a [(binary) number]( URL_3 ). * Two of our inputs are the numbers we operate on. Maybe we want to do something with the numbers 5 and 2. * An additional input tells us what kind of operation we want. Let's say we want to sum aforementioned 5 and 2. * There is an electric circuit which manipulates the flow of electricity such that we get 5+2 to the final output (as in, the lamps light to show number 7). The details of this would be a bit cumbersome to explain because there are multiple levels of detail to it, but it is always about using simple components to build more complex components. If you want to learn more about how calculators and computers work, I recommend [nand2tetris]( URL_2 ). It's a collection of exercises through which you first build electric components, out of which you build a small calculator, out of which you build a computer, to which you implement an ~~compiler~~ assembler, etc." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_analysis", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_series#Trigonometric_functions", "https://www.nand2tetris.org/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_linear_equations" ], [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_logic_unit", "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adder_(electronics)" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e5tnf17", "e5te68d" ]

[ "Simply put, they weren't looking for cross-dressers, most of the time. Ignoring the voice, before women's rights were a thing, if someone saw someone acting like a man, doing a man's job, wearing a man's clothes, that person was a man. A smooth face and a high-pitched voice just made that man oddly youthful, not feminine. A doctor can't be a woman, after all." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "f9hh8em" ]

[ "Light rail = subways or their above-ground equivalent. Trains that move people on tracks that aren't suitable for moving cargo. The advantage of light rail over streetcars/buses is that they do not travel on the road network. They are either in a separate right-of-way or they are underground. This means that they add nothing to traffic congestion, while removing commuters that would otherwise be adding more cars to the road network." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "dxdp4ia" ]

[ "NVIDIA makes the main graphics chip for the graphics cards, but they also require a lot of other chips and stuff like RAM and power delivery regulation. So it requires those, which all come together to form a graphics card. NVIDIA however doesn’t particularly want to be the one to deal with customers, so they sell their chips by bulk to other companies, who then assemble these details along with he chip to sell to you." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "dh5ro4t", "dh5szkl" ]

[ "It's going to be more expensive for a lot of people, possibly cheaper for a few others. \"Both Kaiser and the Congressional Budget Office found that, on average, older people with lower incomes would be worse off under the Republican plan than under the Affordable Care Act.\" Less people are going to have insurance. \"The Affordable Care Act allows states to expand eligibility for Medicaid to single, nondisabled adults with incomes slightly above the poverty line, with the federal government picking up most of the cost. That meant single adults who earn up to $15,800 a year could qualify in the 31 states, plus the District of Columbia, that expanded Medicaid. About 10 million people enrolled under that expansion. The Republican plan would gradually roll back that expansion starting in 2019 by cutting the federal reimbursement to states for anyone who leaves the Medicaid rolls. People often cycle in and out of the program as their income fluctuates, so the result would likely be an ever-dwindling number of people covered.\" It's going to allow them to kick people off with pre-existing conditions. \"States could apply for waivers that would allow insurance companies in their states to do three things: 1. Charge older people more than five times what they charge young people for the same policy; 2. Eliminate required coverage, called essential health benefits, including maternity care, mental health and prescription drugs, that were required under the Affordable Care Act; and 3. Charge more for or deny coverage to people who have pre-existing health conditions, such as cancer, diabetes or arthritis.\" It's also going to hurt people with insurance through their employers. \"The waivers could also impact people with employer-based insurance, because insurers could offer policies that have annual and lifetime benefit limits, which are banned under the Affordable Care Act, and some companies may choose those policies for their workers to lower premiums.\" Also, it's going to eliminate a lot of people from having insurance. \"The House approved the bill Thursday without a full Congressional Budget Office analysis of its costs and how many people would be covered. The CBO report from March concluded that over 10 years, 24 million fewer people would be covered under the bill who otherwise would have had insurance under current law.\" Source: URL_0" ]

[ 4 ]

[ [ "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/05/04/526887531/heres-whats-in-the-house-approved-health-care-bill" ], [ "https://youtu.be/FS2quDy2KS8", "http://abcnews.go.com/US/gop-health-care-plan-differs-obamacare/story?id=47205077", "https://youtu.be/erbvPlzHkgM", "https://youtu.be/QnA9oA8Y1Y8", "https://youtu.be/1ZzmAdbaE1A", "https://youtu.be/A3ZKwJfo9wI", "https://youtu.be/1OY43oMIZh0" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fxgio8m", "fxggsl3" ]

[ "Not really. There is no single part of the brain that causes anxiety and stress. One part of the brain that is heavily involved in these kinds of emotions is called the amygdala, but neither amygdala in the brain is situated in a way that would allow it to be damaged by a hit to the head without also severely damaging the brain in many other places. Also, we know from a kind of surgery called an amygdalotomy as well as medical conditions that destroy the amygdala (such as [Urbach-Wiethe disease]( URL_0 )) that even removing or destroying your amygdala completely would not completely remove all stress or anxiety. And as a side note, usually hitting your head very hard and/or chronically like in boxing or American football increases anxiety on average (as a common effect of mTBI)." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [ "https://www.discovermagazine.com/mind/meet-the-woman-without-fear" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dcq3mex" ]

[ "It's supposed to be Anakin's smooth line to use on Padme and it's just so derpy and cringeworthy. Lucas has such a tin ear for dialogue that Harrison Ford said to him, \"You can type this shit, George, but you can't say it.\"" ]

[ 14 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "efoxs1t" ]

[ "Its called the placebo effect. You believe that those pills will make you feel better, so your brain convinces you that you do feel better, and releases endorphins to improve your mood, even before the actual effects of the pill start. The interesting thing is that you will experience the same effect even if you take sugar pills, IF you believe they are ibuprofen. Our brains are wonderful things." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "ehb6jad", "ehb6mzb" ]

[ "Cellphones use radios to connect to the internet. Your signals gets weaker when there are more things in the way. Bathrooms tend to be in the center of buildings, which means more things are in the way. As a result your signal is weak and you may lose connection." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "ebks3vt" ]

[ "Individuals with Down Syndrome have a trisomy of chromosome 21. Meaning they have a an extra chromosome 21. For simplicity as to how this happens, I've copied an excerpt from URL_0 : \"Normally in reproduction, the egg cell of the mother and the sperm cell of the father start out with the usual number of 46 chromosomes. The egg and sperm cells both undergo a cell division in which the 46 chromosomes are divided in half, so that both the egg and the sperm cells will have 23 chromosomes each. When a sperm with 23 chromosomes fertilizes an egg with 23 chromosomes, the baby will have a complete set of 46 chromosomes, half from the father and half from the mother. Sometimes, an error occurs when the 46 chromosomes are being divided in half, and an egg or sperm cell keeps both copies of the #21 chromosome instead of just one copy. If this egg or sperm is fertilized, then the baby will have three copies of the #21 chromosome, which is called trisomy 21, or Down syndrome. The features of Down syndrome are caused by that extra copy of chromosome #21 being in every cell in the body. \" The theory as to why these traits are commonly expressed between individuals with down syndrome is that the presence of an additional chromosome can lead to over expression of traits within chromosome 21." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [ "stanfordchildrens.org" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dm5mfhg", "dm5tltl", "dm5p2xa", "dm6ahc1" ]

[ "No. 3DMG relies on rapid changes to momentum that would wreak havoc on a human body that weighs 150-200 lbs, especially since most of the force would be applied to one section of the body. Your second question is the more important. At 1.35 m/s^2 , there is a planetary body where the average human of the same dimensions would weigh only around 30 lbs, and furthermore large-scale monsters like the Titans could theoretically move around. Plus, it can be theoretically terraformed for human life. That location is, of course, Saturn's moon, **Titan**." ]

[ 1111 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dh31zl9", "dh35b91", "dh32qhm", "dh34qct", "dh327t6", "dh3qlty" ]

[ "because the first one is negative. The second one reverses the first one. A car is blue. A car is NOT blue. A car is NOT, NOT blue. < --- so, the car IS blue then." ]

[ 43 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "deurg1c" ]

[ "From mayo clinic Scientists are still unsure about the exact mechanism that causes this pain. One theory is that the cold food or drink may temporarily alter blood flow in your nervous system, causing a brief headache. Blood vessels constrict to prevent the loss of body heat and then relax again to let blood flow rise. This results in a burst of pain that subsides once the body adapts to the temperature change." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g5k0axq" ]

[ "Basically it's because phone manufacturers don't want you to, so they lock down the ability to. They want you to use their build of the OS with their apps and such. They get paid to pre-load apps. And the phone carriers like it that the OS is locked down so people can't play around with stuff as much. Whereas on a PC you can install whatever OS you want on it (within limitations of hardware type). The manufacturer doesn't care what you do with the hardware once it leaves their factory. It's a 1 time purchase not something that has a monthly service." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fv3sukm", "fv3ry7f", "fv4a5v8" ]

[ "The brain has some natural states that are normal, just like computers have states that are normal. For simplicity, say a computer that is working correctly may be running a program or asleep (minimally active). A computer crash with an error screen is an abnormal state. It's not just asleep, something went wrong and is messing with how it works; for example, maybe the memory failed unexpectedly. Humans are usually awake or asleep. But sometimes we crash, too. That's a coma. Sleep is normal; the brain does stuff during sleep. A coma is when your brain's ability to do things is screwed up. The thing your brain specifically is failing to do is create consciousness. Last bit: it's not sudden. Waking up out of a coma is nothing like on shows. It takes months and is very gradual. The person usually first starts showing signs of normal sleep-like brain activity, but won't wake up. Then they may \"wake up,\" but be totally unable to speak, understand or move much. Slowly, each time they wake up again, they're more aware and able to control their body. Sometimes people never regain full ability. Just depends on their brain. Children may be better suited to faster recovery because their brains are so versatile (a young enough child can grow up to seem basically normal with only half a brain!). Edit to add: oh I forgot to describe why people wake up at all. I haven't read up on it in awhile, so my knowledge may be out of date. Latest I remember is that we don't know exactly how it works. We just know specific brain regions need to be functioning correctly for you to wake up (e.g., the reticular activation system)." ]

[ 97 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e2rt6dc" ]

[ "They already finish maturing in incubation but they wait for the optimal temperature to hatch and so it seems that they hatch all at once but thats because its optimal conditions for all of them to hatch" ]

[ 15 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g4wuyp0", "g4x02ue" ]

[ "The brain is really good at producing memories in low-pressure situations. When you're studying or doing homework and you have your notes, you have little trouble recalling information. High-stress situations trigger the fight-flight-or-freeze response. The brain clears out all the clutter so you can think clearly about how to survive. Apparently it doesn't know survival means knowing how to solve for x. The same goes for why people act like cavemen in front of people they are attracted to. You can train your stress response though. Using flashcards or other competitive/high-pressure study methods can train your brain to associate stress with, say, physics formulas. Then on the test you will be that much more likely to recall the needed information even amid stress." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgk51ch", "dgkcm1d", "dgk41in", "dgk436p" ]

[ "Straight cut gears (used because stronger than the quieter helical cut gears used in most road cars)will whine\" at higher road speeds. A blow off valve or BOV will vent excess turbo boost pressure when the throttle is closed, this generally produces a high pitched \"squeak\" An anti lag system will delay the ignition after the throttle is closed so that the fuel/air mix is still burning when it enters the exhaust manifold so keeps the turbine spinning so full boost can be made sooner when the throttle is opened again. This makes the loud pops and bangs. Also massively shortens turbo life to around 1000km." ]

[ 92 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "djvnhkn", "djvlv6b" ]

[ "Because people who subscribe to ELI5 have the posts peppered into the rest of their front page and feed, so seeing \"Why does a high gear produce less power than a low gear?\" in your feed along with r/askreddit and r/askscience might cause someone to give a very advanced answer without realizing that the post is an ELI5 question." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dyroo5z", "dyrpdfo" ]

[ "The extent to which a human will pay for/enroll in specialized services and micro-management of their physical condition created a large market of providers. In other words, because there is enough money and patronage in the broad field to allow doctors to focus on the education, experience and infrastructure required to be a top pro at a given field. The extent to which a human will pay \"good money\" to resolve an animal's physical difficulty is much less. Yes, there are pet owners out there who will pony up money (and there are some vets who do specialize due to the growing number of people willing to spend a fortune on their pets). But for the most part, it's \"blood work and we'll get the lab results back to you\" and then it's either \"we have a cheap medicine that can make things okay for your pet\" or \"you might want to consider putting your pet down\" being the typical options. Not because vets are unwilling. But because the free market has tested this out for a very long time and the results are in: people will pay a limited amount for a cured animal, a very limited amount for treatment of an animal who can't be cured, and that's about the typical. Beyond that, it's Old Yeller, not to be cold about it. I have dropped easily 15 grand on pets at the vet, I'm a softy when it comes to that (and no, I can't afford it). I spend about 250 a month at this point on two elderly cats who would probably die within 60 to 90 days without their medicine, certainly less than a year. What would a human pay to keep their elderly parents alive? Everything they own. So with more money and customers comes a greater ability to sustain the infrastructure required to specialize." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dds1lgv", "dds1ti9", "dds7haw", "ddsd6zl", "dds7a4y", "dds9z82" ]

[ "You generally don't need to 'clean' deep in your ear canal, just wash the outside like you would the rest of your body. But if that's not enough try using a syringe (no needle) to squirt warm water into your ear. There are also softeners to help the removal." ]

[ 16 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dyv6siu" ]

[ "The cell membrane breaks down. This leaves a mess, so the trash gets pushed into the blood stream where the liver breaks it down into chemicals that leave the body." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dfhqgot", "dfht9z5" ]

[ "The use active noise reduction. There are two microphones, one pointed towards the mouth and one pointed away. One picks up speech + noise and the other just picks up noise. Subtract the 2nd signal from the first and you are just left with the speech. Similar technology is used in telephones, noise cancelling headphones, fetal heart beat monitors, etc." ]

[ 22 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dotrh6t", "dotrcdj" ]

[ "The bikini was designed in 1946 by Louis Réard. He named it after the Bikini Atoll, where the USA was testing hydrogen bombs - the connection being that the bikini was going to blow up like a bomb in fashion. By the 1930s, people were wearing more revealing swimsuits, and women had started wearing two piece swimsuits (although they were more like shorts and a tank top.) Réard took this trend one step further with the creation of the bikini." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_bikini" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "focp592" ]

[ "There are much smaller countries than either of these, so yes, it would be possible. It would require the citizens of NY or California to want to leave the U.S., and for the U.S. to let them go, which is extremely unlikely." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gi7btai" ]

[ "A servo motor is a motor with some sort of feedback device attached to it. There are couple of common feedback devices such as tachometers, encoders, and resolvesrs which work on different principles but all serve the same purpose. They give the machine some way of determining the motor's position. You can tell a servo to move 3 rotations, and it will do it because it has some means of actually measuring those rotations. A stepper motor is usually open loop. This means there isn't any feedback device and it can potentially lose track of where it is. Steppers are built so that they can essentially \"index\" some number of degrees. You send a pulse of power, and it activates the winding, pulling the shaft to it's next position. Send a bunch of pulses immediately after each other and it rotates like a normal motor. Again, there's no feedback so it becomes possible to stall a stepper motor, and your system won't realize that the motor isn't where it's supposed to be. This is called losing steps." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fgmv6n3" ]

[ "Dry/wet erase markers are basically just an ink that dries into something that doesn't stick well to a surface - dry erase forms a film, wet erase is water soluble. This works on any surface, in theory - you could use dry erase on rough wood, except that it would seep into pores and cracks and other rough spots before it dries, making it really hard to remove. On the other hand, if you use it on something smooth and \"non-porous\" (which means it has no holes, even tiny tiny ones), it's very easy to wipe off the surface. Similarly, you can use high gloss tile as a white board, but if you use tile that isn't high gloss, you will have a very hard time wiping it off. Whiteboard paint is mostly just a paint that doesn't have those tiny holes. It's very very smooth, which makes it more shiny. It also has chemicals that make it have high surface tension (like a water drop) so that it dries nice and smooth, unlike normal paint that's designed to not hold together as well, making it flow into cracks better." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e0w8yt9", "e0w8nv2" ]

[ "A thunderstorm is usually the roiling that occurs at the boundary between a hot and cold air mass. If it's warm, after will be cooler. If it's cool, after it will be warmer. It's a bit more complicated than that, but this is what I'd tell a 5 year old. Edit: let me amend that. Warm and warmer is meteorologically the same as cold/warm." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "h29ae0n", "h29ajwo", "h29asud" ]

[ "50% (if you don't count the rare case of falling on the edge and staying that way). The universe gives no damns about your previous throws, only the present matters and that present is you holding a coin with two sides." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "er2jm34" ]

[ "Anyone with large amounts of money can have influence. You can't specifically say \"Vote for this law and I'll give you a bunch of money\" but you can make large contributions to the politicians campaign funds or let them know that after their political career is done that they have a really good chance of having a high-paying job at your company. So, if you're a politician and Bob's Bait Store and Bank & Trust has given you a shit load of money over the past years, when Bob comes up to and says \"Hey, I think you should vote for this law that lets us charge %900000 interest compounded every hour\", you'll probably vote for it because you don't want to stop the flow of campaign funds." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gltqpe7" ]

[ "So generally meat of an animal is going to be fairly sterile. The problem comes when butchering it. The outside of a chicken is likely to be contaminated. Fish have similar issues and you can get really sick if you eat improperly prepared raw fish. URL_0 URL_1" ]

[ 6 ]

[ [ "https://meatpoultryfoundation.org/fact-sheets/salmonella", "https://www.foodsafety.com.au/news/salmonella-raw-fish-growing-concern" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e39rlw4" ]

[ "So it's best to start with what sound is. It's just a series of high and low pressure waves in air. How would we go about generating it? One way is just by pushing on it. That's exactly what the membrane on a speaker does. It pushes on the air really hard and creates a pressure wave that travels out for your ear to hear. If the membrane pulses faster, you'll hear a higher pitched sound and if it's slower, the pitch will be lower. Now, how do we get it to pulse? There's a very convenient law of physics that essentially makes it so that when current runs through a wire coil, a magnetic field runs through the center of the coil. By changing the strength of the current, you change the strength of the field and by changing the direction of the current, you change the polarity of the magnetic field. So all you have to do is put a magnet in the middle of the coil, attach the membrane to this magnet and boom! You can now control how fast (pitch) and how strong (volume) the membrane hits the air to produce sound. So really, the signal that is sent to the speaker is just varying this current in both amplitude and direction, which jiggles a magnet with a membrane attached which pushes air which we interpret as sound." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ey40c5l" ]

[ "Early ones used heat from a 100 watt iridescent lightbulb in the unit, but modern ones use regular old heating elements like your full-size oven does. It's always been real baking, with real heat, with real ingredients, just miniaturized." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e81x2tv", "e81yhor", "e81ww60", "e81z0u0", "e81xdz2", "e81yba6", "e81ztji", "e820r66", "e824zee", "e81x2lc", "e821nwv", "e825v5y", "e820mrm" ]

[ "If you could get every person and every nation to agree to it, you could. But there's always going to be someone who wants their money back." ]

[ 77 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "guivoak" ]

[ "These are called [floaters]( URL_0 ). They're little bits of the \"gel\" inside your eye that has clumped up for whatever reason and floats around. They aren't harmful, but in serious cases there are procedures to deal with them." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floater" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gm2enln", "gm2g3fy", "gm2hi6n" ]

[ "It's not only terminal velocity where it's fatal. Hitting water from height is like hitting the ground. In most positions your body cannot displace the water quickly enough for it to go around your body so it's essentially a rapid deceleration event. Massive internal injuries can result, even coronary artery dissection." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNpcHXC2SEw" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dlucswa", "dlujq9d", "dlu8ihc" ]

[ "Edit/disclaimer: it looks like I mucked up whatever I thought I learned from a dietitian. So don't take any of the below seriously. Short point is yes all calories are mostly metabolized. The end. I asked a registered dietitian this same exact question two weeks ago. She gave a lengthy answer that I'll try to summarize here: Yes your body will metabolize all of those calories, it takes 48 hours for a full start to finish digestive cycle so what you eat today will be in your system until 3 days from now. That's plenty of time for your body to fully digest and store those calories. She said that's not what you have to worry about though because it can actually be very dangerous to binge that many calories. She listed several side effects that I honestly can't remember exactly. Something like bowel obstruction, over taxing the liver, insurmountable amounts of insulin that cant be utilized, undigested food that putrifies and essentially poisons your organs... She used a few diagnostic words as well which I simply can't recall. But all in all she scared the idea of binging a box of ice cream sandwiches out of me. Edit: You don't happen to have $80k worth of Nutella you're considering binging do you?" ]

[ 36 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/p1qhc/is_there_a_limit_to_how_many_calories_the_human/" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dm57luu" ]

[ "Swelling is the result of the increased movement of fluid and white blood cells into the area of inflammation. The release of chemicals and the compression of nerves in the area of injury cause pain. The pain and swelling can keep the athlete from using the injured part, serving to protect it from further injury. -Top Result when \"what causes swelling after an injury\" was put in a google search." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dhelmjz", "dhehzpl" ]

[ "They are different types of memory within different brain areas. Riding a bike is a long term, non-declarative, procedural memory. It's also referred to as \"muscle memory\". With practice it is so effectively encoded that the motor skills don't require effort, your brain already knows what to tell your body to do. While memory like episodic and semantic memory (things like remembering events or facts about the world) work on a different distribution of neural networks. These kinds of memory are more likely to decay over time if they aren't revisited. Video games actually do involve muscle memory to a degree. Here is a case example: people who have anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories, while memories prior to damage are intact) are trained to play tetris. They are brought in for a couple sessions. Of course they will forget about playing the game soon after they stop playing it. They cannot form these new memories. But, since procedural memory (muscle memory) involves a different neural network, the patients are able to play the game well after a couple of visits, with out understanding why or remembering that they've played in the past. Their brain just remembers the motor movements involved. Interesting, right?" ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dkwkjrg", "dkwoxr7" ]

[ "A chain is any retailer/restaurant with multiple locations. Franchises are when locations are owned by individuals who license the rights to use the name and agree to abide by the requirements, standards, set out by the franchiser. So you have $1 million and buy a McDonalds franchise. For that fee they build a restaurant and set you up with the equipment, training, etc. to operate a McDonalds. You agree to buy ingredients and materials from their suppliers, and pay them fees -- annual fees or. Percentage of sales, or both. You benefit from a proven system and a brand that is actively marketed, but have less flexibility than if you ran an independent business." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "en2hqgg" ]

[ "The pitch relates to the RPM (revolutions per minute) of the engine. Current F1 cars rev to about 12500 rpm. A modern muscle car can rev to 6000-7000 rpm. In the formula 1 V12 era, engines would rev to about 18000 rpm. Here’s an example URL_0" ]

[ 19 ]

[ [ "https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5SoZiTxdQyw" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gaqnu2b", "gaqq3dk", "gaqnrek", "gaqt5pg", "gar0wjo" ]

[ "Nature's conveyor belt. Free transport in to bring you stuff you want, free transport out to take away stuff you don't want." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "h1um5d9" ]

[ "Because it's impossible to measure \"absolute\" velocity (unlike acceleration), you always have to measure it relative to something else. Our brains aren't great at this, and our perception of speed is *heavily* biased by what's moving, how big the moving thing appears to be relative to us, how fast it's moving relative to us, how its motion affects us, and the state of our emotions at the time. For instance, if you're in a skyscraper looking down at a car on a street below, it wouldn't look like it was going all that fast, but if you were on the sidewalk and nearly hit by that same car, it would seem much faster. Adrenaline, perspective changes, perceived threat - they can all make things seem faster or slower than they actually are." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fyljh3p", "fyliwiw" ]

[ "Cross-species sex happens in nature but because of mismatching numbers of chromosomes and just generally incompatible DNA they can't usually reproduce. Even if they can reproduce the offspring is sterile, for example lion and tiger hybrids or mules which are a hybrid between a horse and a donkey." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e982jn0" ]

[ "Gas-powered refrigerators are [absorption refrigerators]( URL_0 ), which as actually an older design than the compression refrigerators powered by electricity which we're used to. The single-pressure variant uses three different refrigerants (water, ammonia, and hydrogen) and depends on somewhat complex changes of the partial pressures between these in different parts of the system. But the main idea is that the heat from burning the gas (usually propane) is used to heat up an ammonia-water mixture to extract the ammonia. This goes through a heat exchanger, dumping its heat to the outside and codensing. The now liquid ammonia can be used to cool down the inside of the fridge, after which it is absorbed by water. Then it returns to the gas-powered boiler." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_refrigerator" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dkf6qv0" ]

[ "The brain has several specialized systems for different jobs, and they can indeed fail independently of one another. This means losing things like semantic memory (facts about the world), muscle memory (physical skills) and episodic memory (events of your life) can happen independent of one another. Actual amnesiacs can present in many ways, but story writers usually prefer the kind who get a mystery to drive their character arc but doesn't take away the skills they need to drive the plot forward." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dfkpeh3" ]

[ "First off, that isnt always true. When you lift an object, you have to overcome the force of gravity holding it down. When you drag the object, you have to overcome the friction between the item and whatever it is sitting on. Gravity is constant, but the friction can change depending on the object and what it's resting on. Take a sports car. Some sports cars with racing tires on good asphalt can turn at over 1g because of how much friction they make with the road- they are easier to lift vertically than to push sideways. But if it was on ice instead, a lot of that friction would go away, and it would be easier to push the car on the slippery ice than to pick it up." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f22vxoo" ]

[ "Basically, in linguistics, gender is just a way of sorting nouns into categories, and most of the time the gender of a word has nothing to do with anything that's literally male or female or neutered. We find various kinds of gendering all over the world. For example, in the Alamblak language of Papua New Guinea, the masculine gender “includes things which are tall or long and slender, or narrow (e.g. fish, snakes, arrows and slender trees).” Then we have a language like German where \"die Gabel\" means \"the fork\", \"der Löffel\" means \"the spoon\", and \"das Messer\" means \"the knife\", so a fork is feminine, a spoon masculine and a knife neutral. Just.........because. And then there are some languages that have four genders, like the Zande language of Africa, which divides nouns into 4 genders: masculine, feminine, animal and inanimate. However, some inanimate objects that are extra important in Zande mythology are classified as animate. Then there are other languages that assign gender based on the ending of the word. For example, Spanish words that end in -a are usually feminine. That’s why *la mesa* is feminine, even though a table doesn’t physically have a gender. As far as *why* this happens, we aren't entirely sure. Some linguists think that it's probably because Proto-Indo-European, an ancient ancestral language from which so many of today's languages developed, probably had two genders: animate and inanimate, and then as languages developed over the centuries, and cultures split off from one another, that gendering habit just went along with them. And the languages that exist today that don't use genders, they simply have different ways of sorting words into categories." ]

[ 25 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dulu55v", "dum6hyv", "dumfyc8" ]

[ "Corruption. Corruption on such a massive, pervasive scale that it's part of everyday life, everywhere you look. The government is corrupt, the cops are corrupt, so the criminals can buy them off and take over. Corruption and crime breed pessimism and indifference, and discourage honest businesses from getting any headway." ]

[ 41 ]

[ [], [ "https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eu4egpp", "eu4fwnh" ]

[ "chemistry. temperature matters *a lot* to proteins (the things you're made of). think of how a few degrees changes how meat cooks. *you're made of meat* the only reason it's not a big deal for you to be in different temperature places is because your body does *a lot* of work keeping your insides at the right temperature." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "etgpff9", "ethcn8y", "etgpx38" ]

[ "Darker colors absorb more heat, yes, but darker *skin colors* contain more melanin, which protects the body from harmful UV radiation." ]

[ 22 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ddbloyt" ]

[ "because they don't change that much from year to year. camry will always be a mid-sized satisfactory driving appliance." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "erc32wk" ]

[ "Extradition Law. China wants to be able to extradite \"criminals\" from Hong Kong. This is in quotes because everyone believes China would abuse this power to imprison political rivals and other social dissidents, who are not even on Chinese soil. Hong Kong has a long complicated history with Chinese control/interference, so that is also at play." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f7upiag", "f7upnlb", "f7uqyix" ]

[ "Cost. It costs pennies to mass produce a dvd/Blu-ray, but much more to produce USB storage. Add the increasing prevalence of faster broadband around the world making the need for physical storage media redundant, and putting games onto physical media is slowly being phased out. Introducing a more expensive option seems like a backwards step." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dhxezpc", "dhxept5" ]

[ "- For multi-platform games, the development has to be done at the level of the least powerful system. - Graphical features that are buggy for some systems are sometimes just disabled outright, but can be re-enabled by mods for supported systems. - Capabilities that would normally require a licensing fee for a commercial release can be added by modders via a non-commercial license for free (very grey area). - The state of technology at the start of game development won't be as powerful as it will be at the end." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gel0x9y" ]

[ "IIRC, the center of the \"observable universe\" is Earth, since we are the ones doing the observing" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g9cjjib" ]

[ "Different parts of your brain do music and spoken language. When you sing, from a mental standpoint, you're not speaking, you're recreating tones. All the stuff in your head that is responsible for your accent isn't \"in the loop.\"" ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dwuzbn9" ]

[ "20/20 is slang for perfect vision. It is based of of the eyecharts that doctors use to test your sight - if you can read letters at 20 feet that a person with perfect vision can read at 20 feet, you too have perfect vision. That is where 20/20 comes from (if your vision is worse, you could have 20/40 or 20/200 vision, meaning you can read at 20 feet what a person with perfect vision can read at 40/200). The expression just means that when you look at past events, you can view them \"perfectly\" because you have context for the event and knowledge of how well decisions worked out. This allows you to be critical of the decisions that were made in a way you couldn't at the time. Your \"vision\" of the past is \"perfect\"." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "df0l1ai" ]

[ "Italian is a language that has gestures as well as spoken words. (Sign-language is a famous gesture language.) For example, depending on what you do with your hands, arms or facial expression, saying the word \"drink\" can mean several things, such as \"wine\", \"beer\", \"champagne\", \"water\", \"milk\" and so on. Probably the most famous of this aspect of the Italian language is the phrase that means \"what are you doing\". Depending on the hand gesture, this can mean many things, anywhere between a friendly greeting to a threatening interrogative. This has been shown in a number of movies and TV shows in the last century, and then parodied in other movies and shows. Pop culture then distorted it and carried it the rest of the way through history." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fo32d42" ]

[ "Being Roman was initially tied to something based on being part of the same larger religious or political community and sharing common customs, values, morals and ways of life. > There is substantial evidence that the meaning of \"Roman\" changed significantly during the 6th century. In the East, being Roman became defined not only by loyalty to the emperor but also increasingly by religious orthodoxy (though what that explicitly meant also changed through the ages). The Gothic Wars in Italy had split the Roman elite unto those who supported the Goths and later enjoyed Lombard rule and those who supported the emperor and later withdrew to regions still governed by the empire. With this, Roman identity no longer provided a sense of social cohesion. This, combined with the abolition of the senate in Rome itself, removed groups of people who had previously always set the standard for what \"Roman\" was supposed to mean. Through the centuries that followed, the division between the non-Roman and Roman parts of the population faded in the west as Roman political unity collapsed. There's no real date for when the identity just ceased, and in fact, there are arguments that it continues to this day with some Greeks still referring to themselves as Romioi. However, if you're looking for a more exact date, it's around 1453 with the fall of the Byzantine Empire. & #x200B; & #x200B; Roman identity didn't evolve directly into an Italian identity though. Italian as an identity didn't really rise to prominence until the 19th century with the rise of the Italian Unification Movement, though the actual process began much earlier than that in the 5th century. Prior unification, Italy was divided into a number of smaller kingdoms with citizens more closely identifying with their individual kingdom than a larger idea of an Italian nation. & #x200B; If you'd like a much more detailed explanation you should check out the Wikipedia article below. [ URL_1 ]( URL_0 )" ]

[ 6 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_people#As_a_modern_identity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman\\_people#As\\_a\\_modern\\_identity" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dtejkfs", "dtelsue", "dtelsri", "dtejncp" ]

[ "The sex ratio as birth isn't exactly 1:1 - there's a slightly higher chance for a baby to be born a boy than a girl, something between 103:100 and 108:100. This offsets men's lower lifespan compared to women's." ]

[ 20 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gooeqx4" ]

[ "Because we are our brains. So it would be easy to convince ourselves that what we think is true. Anxiety disorders are a perfect example of this. Anxiety attacks start with an anxious thought. Next a physiological response happens in reaction to that thought, such as a release of adrenaline which you then take notice of. Now, that thought has something to confirm it’s true and build it up further which then repeats the cycle. All this is happening while there is no actual threat or harmful event happening. But because we are our brains, we interpret this as truth. This is also why the inverse to anxiety attacks works. Cognitive behavioural therapy techniques such as challenging your anxious thoughts and forcing your mind to break the cycle and think rationally is you convincing yourself that there is no harm and that you are ok. Because you are your brain, this technique can work as you will believe yourself. Note: this is a simple generalization of an anxiety disorder. There are many other dynamics and depths to an anxiety disorder, but on the surface this gives you sort of an idea." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dc8enc8" ]

[ "Speak for yourself. Alarm clock goes off. I hear it for a few seconds, then am out like a light again for hours. I've been late many times to work. Can't seem to break the cycle of extreme blissful, tranquil sleep right about the time I'm supposed to get up. Edit: removed minor rant" ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "de5ezww", "de5fdxu" ]

[ "These telescopes can't actually see the planets, they can only detect the slight dimming of the stars as planets pass in front of them. It's a pretty impressive feat but it's not enough to tell us what they actually look like (beyond basic info about size etc)." ]

[ 37 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e93y4vb" ]

[ "It's basically Newton's 3rd Law, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. For mass to be accelerating backward from the spaceship, there has to be a force acting on it in that direction. Therefore, the mass exerts an equal and opposite force on the spaceship, accelerating it forward. If you take the spaceship + mass system as a whole, you can also think of it in terms of conservation of momentum. There are no external forces, so if the mass is moving backwards, the spaceship has to move forward to keep the total momentum the same." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dxrnb9r", "dxrze0z", "dxs2o41", "dxrpvqz" ]

[ "Because commercials are designed to reach a large number of average people, and these restaurants sell almost entirely to wealthy people — so they'd be paying to reach mostly people who will never be their customer." ]

[ 37 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7yDXTvDuzE" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "frwo803" ]

[ "Metals are usually very good conductors, so they can quickly conduct a lot of heat into your hands. They’re also very dense, so they can store a lot of heat. They may not actually be at a higher temperature than a slab of wood sitting in the same sunlight, but they have a lot more energy to give and can dump that heat into your hand dramatically faster - you’ll feel the difference. The rate of heat transfer is a critical part of how you perceive heat, that’s why a drop of 212F boiling water is so much “hotter” than the 400F air that comes out of the oven. The hot air can’t transfer heat very well, the much denser and more conducive water can." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gb7ct5i" ]

[ "Generally the placebo effect isn’t curing a condition, but instead curing a symptom. Like say, you take a pill that you think will make a head ache go away, and the head ache goes away. Or take a pill you think will dull some arthritis pain, and your arthritis pain dulls. In neither of these cases is the placebo or your body really fixing the condition, instead what is changing is how your brain is interpreting your condition. Say you broke your finger, you’re in pain, take a pill (placebo), expect to feel less pain, and your finger now hurts less. Your finger is still broken and your body is still working on healing it normally. What changing is how your brain is reacting/interpreting the signals it is getting, because brains are weird things." ]

[ 16 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ee12not", "ee0z60v", "ee12klp" ]

[ "Potholes can be caused by several things. If you are in an area where the temperature drops below freezing the cause is most likely water. When water freezes it expands. Small cracks in the road will hold water and the expansion will open the cracks further. The continued abuse on the imperfection by more ice and traffic only makes it worse. An imperfection in the road bed can also cause settling. This will cause the road surface to sink. Again the constant abuse by traffic only makes it worse. Heavy trucks will also damage the road. The pressure of the tires will slowly push the road out of the way. You will notice this on roads where there are shallow ditches in the surface where the tires usually run. Also at intersections the force required to suddenly stop can push the road surface forward. Rain can wash away the road bed. Heat can cause uneven expansion. Physical damage due to impacts with foreign objects create imperfections. Maintaining roadways is a complex problem." ]

[ 28 ]

[ [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant%27s_kettle" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]