Datasets:

mNLP-project

/

gpt2-finetuning

like 0

[ "h0j3eoc", "h0j3fyb" ]

[ "There's a trade-off between the speed of the disc and the quality of the audio stored on it--if you spin it slower then less of the vinyl will pass under the needle every second, so to get the same quality you'd have to have more detailed vibrations in the groove. Having said that, 33 and 45 are not the only speeds ever used. Many years ago, when manufacturing techniques weren't as good as they are now, in order to get decent quality the records had to spin at 78rpm. There was also a brief-lived record format that spun at 16rpm, but the audio quality was so bad it could really only be used for spoken voice and the like, not music." ]

[ 20 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gvkee4z", "gvko131" ]

[ "Take a solid, and pump a bunch of energy into it. The molecules which were pretty solidly chilling out start moving around a bunch more, and the solid becomes a liquid and it has different properties now. Pump more energy into the liquid until the molecules get way more active, and they'll actually start breaking the liquid apart as they go crazy. Now it's a gas, and it has different properties. Pump even more energy into the gas, and things get so weird that it will *conduct electricity*, which is a hugely different property since gasses are insulators. It doesn't spread out evenly like gasses do, magnetism can have a big impact on it even though it doesn't affect gasses, etc. - so many properties have changed that it's an entirely different state of matter now. That's plasma." ]

[ 38 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f5afin6" ]

[ "They don’t practice proper hygiene, they share clothing/hats, they play closer and touch each other more, they don’t know they have lice immediately so begin spreading before it’s discovered. Say a kid in a preschool class has it. She plays with the dress-up clothes and then other children do. One of those kids accidentally grabs another kids winter hat to put on at recess before realizing his was blue, not green. Owner of green hat rough houses with another kid on the playground. Now those 4 kids all have it!" ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gbv2d3r", "gbuzxfi", "gbv3vxb" ]

[ "One is asking a worker to finish what they are doing, clean up their desk and go home, the other is taking out a gun and shooting a worker in the head. The latter makes them stop really quick, but leaves quite a mess. The former is dependent on them actually listening to your request and not being so buys with their work that they will ignore you. You normally only want to shoot the worker if he won't listen to avoid the mess." ]

[ 51 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "eegeipp" ]

[ "Imagine finding all the unnumbered pages of a very long book scattered, and your job was to put it back together in the proper order. With sanger sequencing (or first gen) basically you'd pick a section you know or have seen before, and then work your way backwards (and forwards) from that middle point, figuring out which pages fit right before or after, basically one page at a time. In Next-gen sequencing, you would make multiple copies of all the pages, and with the help of a computer, use multiple starting points to come up with millions of small sections, or groups of pages (called \"reads\") that can then be pieced together. In this way, you'll have multiple sections that overlap; some reads might have pages 3-14, while others might have pgs 10-14, or 3-8 or 5-7. And hopefully you'll have some that not only have some overlap, but give you a new \"end\" to work with. In the example above, a section like pgs 9-17 would be awesome: I have enough overlap from page 9 to page 14 that I can trust pages 15, 16 and 17 being correct. And now I can look at sections that include 17. This does a couple things: it gives you a level of confidence, because if you keep getting the same order of pages over and over again, you know that those pages probably go together. But it also makes it so much faster, because you're able to do multiple sections at a time. Just like a 10 piece puzzle is much easier than a 1000 piece puzzle of the same image. All that said, however, even after next gen sequencing, first-gen is still often used to verify the results and cross check for accuracy. As far as \"completing the whole genome\": basically the goal is to figure out the entire genetic sequence of organisms, in order, to serve as a map. Where certain genes are on the genome can help with many things, for example, we can come up with more targeted gene therapies. Also, if we know where genes are *supposed* to be, we can compare completely different organisms and deduce evolutionary pathways (which is what I used to do in my research.)" ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dn8tkkm", "dn8zy5m" ]

[ "Fighting a cold literally takes a lot of energy, and if it's more than what you're used to using then you feel tired and sleepy. There's a lot going on when you get sick, and the best thing you can do is keep warm so your body doesn't have to spend quite so much to keep you warm while fighting off whatever made you sick." ]

[ 7 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "e7rxpzm", "e7rzs91" ]

[ "Because they are. The coating sometimes sticks to your throat and it slides down slower than normal." ]

[ 28 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gq9cmcn" ]

[ "It comes down to ownership of the song vs. ownership of the recording. If I wrote song \"XYZ\", that song belongs to me. But when I record \"XYZ\" in the studio, that specific *recording* might be owned by the record company, the musicians who played the music might also have ownership shares. So you wanted to put a snippet of \"XYZ\" into your song as a sample, you'd need to get permission from, and pay money to, the recording company for their recording, the musicians for their music, and me (the songwriter) for my song. OR you could record a new version of the song yourself and only have to pay me, the songwriter, for the song. This is why owning the rights to music are such big deals. Two anecdotes are apparently the Beatles telling Michael Jackson the real money in music is owning the recordings, not the song rights. Michael Jackson then promptly purchased the Beatles recording rights from the record company and made a killing. John Fogerty had a similar issue when he made solo music after quitting CCR, the record company came back and sued him because his solo music sounded *so much like CRR it was copyright infringement on their records of music he wrote and recorded!* (he ultimately won that court battle)" ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dsgj060" ]

[ "The Gaussian distribution is the formal name for the statistic that it will be more probable to have a middle value than the max/min value. Simple case: Get two dice. Each die has a side from 1-6. So two dice has a minimum of 2, and maximum of 12. But there is only one way to make 2 (1+1) and much more ways to make, say, 7. (1+6, 2+5, 3+4, 4+3, 5+2, 6+1) If you count all the possible outcomes (2-12) it looks sort of a like a bell curve (the shape of a bell with the middle being much higher than the ends) There is much more to this than just the shape with probablity but will will need a ELI10-15. Look up the wiki page! Hehe" ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "dgdkf90" ]

[ "\"Pneumonia\" is spelled that way because it comes from the Greek word \"pneumon\" which means \"lung\" (so \"inflammation of the lungs\"). In Greek, the \"p\" was (and still is) pronounced very clearly. But this cluster of consonants at the beginning of a word is not allowed in the phonology of English -- \"phonology\" being the rules about what sounds a language has and how they can be combined to make words. We can either insert a vowel between the consonants and say \"puh-neumonia\", or we can just not pronounce one of them -- which is what we choose to do. But we have kept the Greek spelling. Spanish-speakers, incidentally, have a similar problem with the consonant clusters \"sp-\" and \"st-\" at the beginning of a word. They find it quite difficult to say the English word \"Spanish\", and in Spanish itself words like \"to study\" become \"estudiar\", with an extra \"e\". French goes one better by then leaving off the \"s\" as well, to make \"étudier\". Another example is a word like \"night\", with a silent \"gh\" in the middle. This is a much older English word, and originally the \"gh\" represented a sound like a rasping or gurgling noise in the back of the mouth. The German language still has this sound (and spells it \"ch\" as in the German for \"night\", \"Nacht\"), but English doesn't any more. However, we haven't bothered to update the spelling." ]

[ 21 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "evwdi0g", "evwgjrp" ]

[ "FM radio is much higher quality audio than AM. There’s a reason music and higher quality programming transitions to FM, it’s simply a way better quality to listen to." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "eov11mn" ]

[ "The chemotherapy agents used to treat cancer can, themselves, give rise to other cancers. So... yes." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e69vco3", "e69undh", "e6ax1qc", "e69uv76" ]

[ "In the US, there are buildings, structures, and trees (yes, trees) that are specifically protected by laws making it illegal to demolish or significantly alter them due to their great age or significance. I've never heard of such a law for smaller items (likely since it's never been necessary) but you can bet that it will exist after u/tam319 uses the *Mona Lisa* as a tortilla." ]

[ 16 ]

[ [], [], [ "https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/burn-a-van-gogh-and-be-famous-1109092.html%3famp" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e961hb0", "e9633dx", "e961nfu", "e961fpi", "e966zok", "e961nom", "e964205", "e962ebx", "e965djo" ]

[ "Our news media is very polarized, and most people seem to gravitate to media outlets (formal and social) that their friends use. This reinforces that polarization. And our leadership, across the board, has learned to stoke these fires for votes. (People who think only the 'other side' is guilty of this simply don't read a good cross-section of news). The combination has lead both sides to tacitly accept extremism that only a few short years ago would have been completely unacceptable. This helps the partisanship continue its spiral downward. The sad thing is all it would take to stop this would be people being willing to stand up to their friends when common sense tells them they are wrong. But no one will, because we are in an age where social media standing is more important than a functioning society." ]

[ 110 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dltwkxo" ]

[ "You might enjoy these previous posts on the topic: URL_0 URL_1" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/search?q=4th+dimension&restrict_sr=on", "https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/search?q=fourth+dimension&restrict_sr=on&sort=relevance&t=all" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f958tk5" ]

[ "In general when you focus a lot of your time on one subject you tend to also dream about these things and sleep talking can be directly influenced by this." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "etrzwcc", "ets1xm0", "ets03ky" ]

[ "Safety. When there's no power, do you want to hope your battery backup is operational when you remove the brakes, or simply keep people in place? Additionally, economy. How many blackouts last for so long that by the time firefighters come to rescue people, power has not been restored?" ]

[ 18 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "elrw059", "elrw3vz" ]

[ "All that's transmitted is player position and bullet position which can be put into teeny tiny data packets that are only kilobytes. Everything else happens locally on your computer." ]

[ 16 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e7ka0v2", "e7kbawr" ]

[ "Do they? I'd have figured most people set their volume by ear, and don't even necessarily look at the numerical value." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "foa55xn", "foaaybm", "foa4xuy", "foa447p", "foa9yzh", "foa51ju", "foa9ejo", "foaa2f1" ]

[ "Supposing you avoid gravity wells or any significant concentrations of matter you'd continue going forever at the same relative velocity. This is what allows us to send probes past the edge of the solar system or even to any other interstellar body." ]

[ 657 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ectwh57" ]

[ "Sea level does change, but the land is also always moving because of plate tectonics. So-called \"subduction zones\" are where the land is pulled down back into the mantle, so continents are pulled underwater there. But \"uplift zones\" where they tectonic plates hit each other rise up into mountain ranges. Then there are just volcanic areas that form island chains." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dyi69a8" ]

[ "Most spiders like to eat their bugs alive, and wrapping them up keeps them from going anywhere while the spider eats them." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dnai6so", "dnai2sq" ]

[ "Most animals don't have jaws that move like ours' do - especially carnivorous predators. Our mouth and teeth are designed to have a grinding action, whereas pure carnivores have more of a cut/rip/tear kind of thing going. That said, animals that *can* do it do often bite their tongue (dogs can do that when they're panting hard, for example)." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "di68id0", "di6a7xn" ]

[ "Math is truly a universal language in the sense that if you were to be teleported to some random place in the universe, math would work exactly the same. 1+1 equals 2 literally wherever you are. Likewise, if an alien visited Earth, we could exchange complicated mathematical concepts no problem, as math is the same everywhere. Even though we might not have thought about it a certain way, that does not stop it from being true. If math were not a universal language, then we would be in trouble because everything around us would break down randomly, with no way to predict anything at all." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ejdw9xs", "ejdxdg1" ]

[ "You have capillaries everywhere in your body. They are really tiny blood vessels, small enough that blood cells often have to move through single file. This is where oxygen and other nutrients are released into your tissues and where wastes are brought back into the blood to be carried away. The capillaries in most tissues are leaky. There are tiny holes in the walls that allow fluid and small molecules to move in and out of the blood vessel. However, the brain is special. The walls of the capillaries are very tight together. There are no holes. Small molecules cannot move freely in and out of the capillary. Instead, molecules must be transported across the wall by the cells that make up the wall. You can see a picture of the difference between the walls [here.]( URL_0 ) Drugs and other molecules also need to be transported. However, not every molecule is easily transported. Therefore, some drugs will make it easily into the brain. Some drugs will partially make it into the brain. And some really won't make it at all. It all depends on the specific molecule and the specific transporters or pathways needed to move that molecule across cells." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [ "https://www.christopherreeve.org/blog/research-news/blood-brain-barrier-the-spinal-cord" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "do2rqx5" ]

[ "Humans have an instinct side, this decisions are made without our \"permissions\" and it represents what our reptilian side of the brain does. The reptilian side of our brain represents our primary survival function. Your heart, lungs and other parts of the body survive thanks to this. This is the primitive side of the brain; it is involuntary, impulsive, and compulsive and it responds like any animal on danger: 1) fight response, 2) flight response, or the 3) freeze response. Since the main goal of this part of the brain is survival, sometimes your body reacts over certain actions. From a natural perspective, if you see a Tiger in front of you ready to attack you, pretty sure your brain will trigger in automatically and run(flight response). This was a very basic example, but in First World Problems, you can generate these with other dangers such as \"If I don't do my laundry now, I won't have a dress shirt and I am going to get fired from work and I won't have money and I will starve\"." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ecdol1q" ]

[ "Our ears are a bit streamlined and angled. Air flows across them front-to-back fairly smoothly. We can't really hear air when it's flowing smoothly, only when it becomes turbulent." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e0d60ip", "e0d86tz" ]

[ "Each pill might only cost $0.03 or something to make, but the **first** pill with all the research and development and testing and regulation and approval and so on and so forth might cost over one billion dollars. That's a lot of investment, and if anyone is going to go down that road, they need to be compensated for finding a cure. Patent law ensures that companies that invent cures have exclusive rights to that cure for a length of time so they can make their money back. After that period the drug can be manufactured without paying the inventor for every pill made. Those are the \"generic\" drugs, and that's why they're cheaper." ]

[ 19 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dlxucfd" ]

[ "Because there are clusters of neurons around your heart and stomach that helps regulate your heartbeat and organs beyond the lower brain in the spine. Evidence suggests that these clusters may play some kind of role in our emotions. I read an article about it a couple years ago. I tried to find it but I couldn't, instead I found this article by a skeptic that seems to confirm this is true but is refuting that the clusters have consciousness. He links to a site that hosts the research but it's in a foreign language so idk. > URL_0 ;" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [ "http://theness.com/neurologicablog/index.php/brain-cells-in-the-heart/&lt" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f10zqhj" ]

[ "They turn water into oxygen through a process called electrolysis. It requires a lot of energy, but they have solar panels that can power it. URL_0" ]

[ 9 ]

[ [ "https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2000/ast13nov_1" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "djdylaf" ]

[ "Basically, we have a specific type of protein in out nerves that lets us detect cold sensations. There is also a chemical that is found in mint, among other things, that will bind to this protein and lower the amount of stimulation required for the nerve to fire. The result is that things even only slightly cooler than ambient mouth temperature will cause these nerves to tell your brain that cold is totally going on in your mouth! By the way, a very similar protein exists for a sensation of heat and capsaicin, the chemical that makes chili peppers hot, binds to it. In that case even your own ambient mouth temperature is enough to cause the nerves to start reporting hotness. When eating \"hot\" foods, it's your own mouth that is \"burning\" your mouth!" ]

[ 23 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ee44wi9", "ee459tk" ]

[ "You pull a strip cut from a sheet, or a hammered out, thick piece of wire, through a slightly conical hole in a thick metal plate. You keep doing this with progressively smaller holes until you have wire of the desired thickness. It's just as finicky and time-consuming as it sounds. Nails were not made from wire, they were simply forged from thin bar or round stock." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [], [ "https://i.pinimg.com/originals/95/7b/94/957b945a0d53ee80bfc7d02a188a6eab.png" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fyoagzd", "fyo75ta" ]

[ "It's a complicated issue in part because there is so much information of so many types that one can pretty easily pick and choose to suit any narrative they want. So broadly speaking: One big disparity is women tending towards lower paying fields. There are more male engineers and lawyers and doctors, and more female teachers and nurses. Debate whether women choose lower paying fields, or whether those fields are lower paying because they are predominantly staffed by women. Maybe both. Another is women being paid less for the same work. Debate whether that is because they don't push for raises, are paid less in expectation of leaving for maternity/to be stay at home mothers, or other reasons. Maybe all of the above." ]

[ 14 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gskfn3h", "gskg8gq", "gskdhii", "gskj19x" ]

[ "So it depends. Dying peacefully can describe a host of many issues. One example is that the person basically slips into a coma as parts of their brain start to shut down and then the brain looses so much function the heart stops and they die. This is what happened when my grandmother died. Took about 2 hours from when she lost consciousness. That said she started to get loopy maybe an hour before that. This behavior can be caused by hypoxia, pressure on the brain, malnutrition, poisoning, dehydration. You see why this question can get kinda complex." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "e1vju5l", "e1vs2ev", "e1vvvl6", "e1w3qw3", "e1w47ma", "e1w5q7b", "e1w72bg", "e1w1slx", "e1vq6ry" ]

[ "X rated movies (outside of the US, short for explicit) are supposed to be viewed by mature audiences only, due to extreme violence, language, or sexual content. This is equivalent to NC-17 rating in the US (no children below 17 admitted), which is a step above R rating (which children can get into if they have a parent/guardian with them). For a while, film makers were content with X. Then they wanted to get the point across that some films were raunchier than others, so they used XX. Now we're at a point where everything is XXX, which is three-explicit levels. Basically, it was a required denotation that eventually became marketing gimmick that caught on and is now a cultural icon." ]

[ 5753 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Amsterdam?wprov=sfla1" ], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "exldd9k" ]

[ "Yes, we may have some small area of new rain forest, but the net effect is negative, Remember we call it rain forest, and it's not only associated with the temp, but the rain, and climate change is expected to reduce the amount of precipitation on lands. So, while we may have some areas of new rain forest, we will lose much larger areas due to lack of enough precipitation." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gg3f2st", "gg3f9be" ]

[ "THe bottom of the cloud you're seeing is in the sometimes very deep shadow of the rest of the cloud above it, and you. It's dark because the held moisture is so thick that sun can't get through it." ]

[ 18 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "fpyfxsw" ]

[ "Ice is transparent. But if you crush ice or freeze water with dissolved gases, it'll appear opaque because light will reflect off all the ice/air interfaces and scatter. It's the number of interfaces that prevent light from transmitting through." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fv0t1px", "fv0mfxi" ]

[ "Well, firstly lenses aren't amplifiers. They don't increase the energy at all, they just focus it. The energy through each lens is 1x as much as it was before. Well, actually less than 1x, because of reflection and absorption. It's just a higher energy density. You don't need multiple lenses. A single lens will do it. With an ideal, coherent light source from a single point and with a perfect lens, you could take whatever light you have, and focus on a single focal point at the right range. This would give you infinite energy density. Clearly, this does not happen in real life. Adding more lenses won't make it more possible. Why? A few reasons. Our lenses aren't perfect, they have [aberration]( URL_0 ), basically meaning they aren't made perfectly. Glass causes dispersion, that is seperation of colours, aka a prism making a rainbow. If you perfectly focus red, you won't be focusing green perfectly. And you can forget focusing infrared, ultraviolet, and microwaves from the sun with a visible light lens. Most importantly, the sun is not a perfect point light source. You'll note it isn't a dot, it has a size meaning light isn't all coming from the exact same direction. This is why shadows from sunlight are soft rather than sharp, light from the left and right side of the sun aren't coming from the same angle. What this mean for lenses is that you'll never be able to focus the entire sun's light into one point. If you get the right side of the sun onto one spot, the left side will still be somewhere else. The technical term for this is conservation of etendue. If you run the math, the hottest you'll be able to get something turns out to be the same as the temperature of the sun. About 6000K. If something exceeded 6000K (by other means) and was at the focal point of a very good lens, it's own thermal radiation output will be higher than the input from the sun through the lens. Meaning, the object would actually start heating the surface of sun backwards through the lens. Insignificantly of course." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Spherical_aberration_2.svg/1010px-Spherical_aberration_2.svg.png" ], [ "https://what-if.xkcd.com/145/" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "el5a4ao", "el5f70v", "el4nu3w", "el5ohuu", "el4noip", "el4zeda", "el5g9ma", "el5klyr", "el5nmfi", "el5owpc", "el5a9fw", "el4zz5c", "el4obuc", "el5ve07", "el61le8", "el5erup", "el4optb", "el6mq1p", "el6o1a4", "el5sgpc", "el5bzek", "el5e5xw", "el6adbx", "el68951", "el5r2m2" ]

[ "The real answer, in ELI5 fashion: Companies like Coke switched from reusable glass to plastic because it was cheaper. When plastic waste became a big problem, they paid a lot of money to run ad campaigns that make it sound like it’s our fault for increasing plastic waste and not their fault for producing it all. When big companies spend lots of money to push an agenda, it usually works. Edit: Just to clarify: The OP didn’t ask “why is there litter” he/she asked “why is the emphasis just on consumers and not producers”. Plastic waste is a complex subject that isn’t easily ELI5. The OP’s actual question however has a pretty clear answer. For more information I suggest reading over this [article]( URL_0 ) that does a pretty thorough background on the origins of anti-littering campaigns." ]

[ 10487 ]

[ [ "https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2006/05/origins-anti-litter-campaigns/" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fgp3c3y" ]

[ "Normal driving light (not high beam and not parking lights) has to be asymmetrical, meaning the beam of light needs to light up the road differently. Towards the middle/traffic, the light has to hit the road sooner than towards the side. This is to not blind the oncoming traffic, yet provide enough light (and give you enough time) to react to pedestrians/bikes/animals that could be on the side of the road. One could now think that the lightbulb towards the middle is just pointed lower than the one to towards the outside. But that's not the case. Both bulbs are shining on both sides. Asymmetrical. On older cars, this effect was achieved by making lines and making the glass thinner and thicker different places, it creates this difference in where the light beam hits the road (if you know about the lights refraction in glass). Today, this is done in a much more technical way, thus the lines are not needed anymore (also making it much cheaper to replace a broken headlight glass)." ]

[ 28 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "end4kih", "end4lcq", "end5956", "end50a1" ]

[ "Bail is only for *before* your trial. You can sit in jail or you can give the court a sum of money to hold. If you show up to your trial you get your money back. If you try to run the court keeps your money and orders you to be arrested again." ]

[ 16 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fadncc8", "fadn5p7" ]

[ "Because farmers use fertilizer to grow the tobacco. And this fertilizer contains radium. This radium becomes radon gas. This radon decays to lead and polonium." ]

[ 37 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gy2qbcz", "gy2qbka", "gy2riq5", "gy2rh64", "gy2rfje" ]

[ "The tires are exactly as big as they need to be to support the plane's weight on the tarmac and runway. There's no reason to make them bigger. In fact, making them bigger would detrimental because they plane would just have to carry around all that extra weight for no reason. Traction during takeoff and landing is simply not an issue that needs to addressed by changing the size of a plane's wheels. Planes are designed to fly in the air, cars are designed to drive on the ground. The wheels serve completely different purposes so it makes no sense to compare them to each other." ]

[ 24 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dp19456" ]

[ "Acidity is largely determined by the stability of the conjugate base. COO- is pretty stable because it has resonance, meaning it has different versions that electrons can move around to create. [Image of said resonance]( URL_0 )" ]

[ 8 ]

[ [ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Carboxylate-resonance-2D.png" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gqz0r2p", "gqz47vv", "gqz27eu", "gqz3o33" ]

[ "It's Hollywood buzzword jargon, basically. \"Military-grade crypto\" means a cryptographic standard that the military has adopted to protect its information. In 2021, that standard is AES-256 (for top secret data). But...your wifi is protected by the same encryption standard (as long as you're using a recent standard, that is). Calling it \"military-grade\" doesn't mean anything super high-tech and fancy, in this case." ]

[ 30 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSA_product_types" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "de8ssx6" ]

[ "Because it's goes thru the carrier's network. iMessage uses Apple's servers, so the carrier is not involved. Android is a total mess in terms of everyone having the same experience, most people are not on the latest operating system and updates are depended t on your phone and carrier. By making it implemented on the carrier level, the operating system version users are on doesn't matter much. For instance, iOS 10 introduced a lot of iMessage additions, but the added features aren't appreciated on devices that aren't on iOS 10 and also those that don't have 3D Touch/the new vibration motor." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e9dvlor" ]

[ "Snot, or mucus, is mostly water, with a few other things in it. Most importantly they contain mucin, a special protein made by mucus glands. Your body is constantly producing all kinds of proteins. It can do this forever so long as you have the amino acids and other nutrients needed. The water is replenished by you drinking." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eg2g2ax" ]

[ "Some of the early TV shows were only recorded on video tape. The quality was limited to the resolution and contrast of the era. Not good. Sound should have been reasonably good, but it would never be mistaken for high fidelity. Other shows with higher budget were shot on film. The resolution was far better than TV of the day required, so they still look good even on today's HDTV. Sound would be film quality as well. I have also noticed that some of the old shows in syndication are presented with quality far beneath the original. There appears to be some cut-rate engineering in the off-channel TV business." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gt5did9", "gt5d9sm" ]

[ "It isn’t the sleep per se that is causing more pain. But sleep is a several hour period where your body can continue its inflammation and/or immune response to the injury/stressor. For example, you sprain your ankle at 8pm and go to bed at 10. You wake up at 6am with a very swollen ankle. Sleeping didn’t swell your ankle - your body’s inflammation as a result of the sprain just increased over the 8 hour period you were sleeping. This is also an 8 hour period where you likely didn’t take any pain medicine, so you’ll experience un-moderated pain upon waking." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g7h6im6" ]

[ "It has to do with the point that certain proteins denature. First, when a protein denatures *it does not function anymore* and is 100% useless. The point of your body producing a fever is to *cause* the virus or bacteria’s proteins to denature, and a lot of the time they will do so without denaturing your own human proteins. This stops the virus or bacteria, or at a minimum slows it down enough so that your immune system can catch up. HOWEVER, your body has the ability to cause a fever so high that your own proteins denature and no longer function—this is why a fever can kill you. Many treatments attempt to reduce fever temperature so that your proteins can be at 100% while fighting the infection. Ultimately, for low-grade fevers (lower than 100.5°F) you don’t *need* to take a fever reducer *and it is more beneficial for you if you don’t* because that temperature poses no risk to your own proteins. Most people will take a fever reducer because it sucks to feel like shit Edit: Thank you for the silver!! Thank god that 4 years of being a cell bio major before changing is paying off somehow lmao" ]

[ 21 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fdma5e0" ]

[ "Every new OS update has more features than the previous one. It is possible that all those new features are draining more of your battery compared to the older, simpler OS. The new OS might not be as optimized for older devices (=it is built with newer devices in mind, and yours is just made to run it as an afterthought). Let's assume that it's not OS. What else could it be? Batteries are physical items that chemically degrade over time. As you use your phone, your battery life will diminish. This happens slowly and gradually, so you don't notice it happening over short periods of time (for example, you can't really tell how much your battery degraded today over yesterday), but you can tell over long periods of time: \"last year my phone used to last me 2 days, now it is done by noon the second day\". As each major OS update usually comes out every year or so, you tend to correlate the two: \"The new OS update came out, and I am scrutinizing my phone's performance as I am getting used to it. While I was scrutinizing, I realized that my battery lasts a smaller amount of time\". And thus, you are eager to blame the new OS because you only now noticed the big difference. It could also be something completely benign. When the new OS comes out, you play with the new features more, you use your phone more, so now you spend more of its battery. Modern OSes also need time to \"index\" themselves, put everything in caches, etc, after they get installed, which might take a couple of days of slowly rebuilding. During that time, it might use more power, and it will eventually right itself in the next few days." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ehnc7ac", "eho3r2q", "ehncwjr", "ehnu3j6" ]

[ "Capes used to be part of the standard wardrobe for centuries before the invention of the umbrella. It was how you kept most of your clothes dry." ]

[ 79 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "https://uses.Plus" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "de7cslp", "de7ewxt" ]

[ "Because through the various traits of evolution (which doesn't really have a why, it just is) a substance which happens to be white turned out to be the best one for chewing food." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g63fl97", "g63fera" ]

[ "Shorting works as follows: * Find a stock you think is going to drop in value. * Either already own some shares in that company, or borrow it from someone willing to lend it to you for a fee and a promise you'll return it at a later date. * Sell that stock on the general market. Earn Money. * When the date approaches that you promised to return the stock purchase the same amount of the stock that you sold. * Return the stock. * Hopefully the price you sold the stock is higher than the price you bought it at, and you pocket the difference once all fees are paid. Anyone could buy it from you: you're just selling a share as you'd sell any other share on the stock market. Your buyer doesn't know you're shorting, they just put out an offer to buy and you responded to that offer." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f46v7xc", "f46vdu2", "f473t4i" ]

[ "Bc it has to do with the muscles and blood stream and difference in temperature (in case of certain headaches, sometimes it’s muscle tension or lack of sleep or water) the actual pain isn’t in the brain but in the muscles In your head" ]

[ 26 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "de5fhw9", "de5fif8", "de5jy40", "de5l8vy", "de5gyj0", "de5lh07", "de5kef4", "de5kw11", "de5lrxu", "de5g1zi", "de5fail", "de5ffel" ]

[ "I almost removed the post because it is posing a hypothetical, however since this is a hypothetical that actually happens, why not discuss. Most anti depressents fall into a class of drugs called SSRI's or Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. They do exactly what the name suggests, they slow down or inhibit, the re-uptake or absorption / recycling of serotonin. Serotonin is a neurochemical responsible for the neuron to neuron conduction of signals. The signals are electrical, but the transmission is done chemically and the serotonin controls the rate of this transmission. What is supposed to happen is an impulse is transmitted between two neurons at the synapse, serotonin is used, and then it is reabsorbed to prepare for the next impulse. The theory of SSRI's effect on depression is that depression is caused by lower impulse rates which inhibit communication within the brain. That the conduction of signals from neuron to neuron is not working at the level of a healthy brain. You might say it's running too slow, or not responsive enough to the communication that jumps around between different lobes of the brain. So they have these drugs and they inhibit the uptake of serotonin and this leads to higher levels of serotonin, which in turn facilitates easier neuron to neuron transmission across the synapses. In other words it sort of speeds up or facilitates better neuron to neuron conduction. It doesn't make you think faster exactly, but instead allows the communication in the brain to work faster and be more responsive rather than isolated and sluggish as in the depressed brain. So if you gave an SSRI to someone who's brain was not in a physical state of depression, it would have the same action as if used on a depressed brain. It would facilitate faster neural signalling. What this would mean for the person taking the pill is much the same as what it would mean for a depressed person taking it. Sexual side effects, changes in mood, altered perception, strange thoughts, changes in sleep patterns, drug use, and personality. The same effects for all. But in a depressed mind, these side effects are less damaging than the depression itself, so it's a good trade off. If someone is really depressed, and in danger of hurting themselves or someone else, the SSRI's along with mood stabilizers like Lithium or alprazolam can keep them stable until they can get past the crisis. They can work very well in short term therapy. In the long term people can develop resistance, and find they have to adjust dosage and maybe even try other SSRI's in order to keep getting the therapeutic effects. For this reason drugs are usually prescribed along with therapy in order to help a person through the crisis, and give them some stability to start coming to terms with it or fixing the root cause if there is one. I am not a doctor and this is not medical advice. I do have experience with this though." ]

[ 283 ]

[ [], [], [ "https://psychcentral.com/disorders/manic-episode/", "http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/bipolar-disorder/switching-mood-depression-mania-antidepressants" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dht00xl" ]

[ "With \"internet currencies\" I suppose you mean cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and not services like Paypal? The main goal of cryptocurrencies is providing anonymous and/or secure money transfers. They do this by heavily encrypting (- > crypto-currencies) each transaction. It is of course used in criminal environments on the dark web, but there are also some communities like /r/dogecoin who use it for good. Depending on the popularity of the currency (Bitcoin being the most popular by far), you can buy quite a lot with it. Of course only on the internet. This encryption work requires a lot of processing power, which is why they distribute it to users in a peer-to-peer manner. Users can provide their computer resources to encrypt transactions, and in return they receive some currency themselves. This is called \"mining\", mostly bitcoin-mining. You can also just buy bitcoins from someone who sells them, if you don't want to mine them yourself. As mentioned before, Bitcoin is currently the most popular currency by far. There are specialised systems to mine coins much more efficiently than with a regular CPU or GPU, making it for the regular PC owner unprofitable to mine. Therefore some other currencies gain popularity, and if you want to learn about cryptocurrencies you're better off mining an alternative. So far they are fairly limited in stores supporting them, and exchanging them for Bitcoins is probably your best bet." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e8cv02v", "e8crutf", "e8cyg9a", "e8cuf4x", "e8d1f8g", "e8d4g6r", "e8d7j7w", "e8dbe88", "e8d36kl", "e8dgomi", "e8e0y1p", "e8dcxhk" ]

[ "[Here's a video]( URL_0 ) of a transparent plastic suppressor in slow motion, so you can see the action (2:20). The noise of a gun is caused by the high-pressure gases escaping out of the barrel as soon as the bullet exits; it's kinda like the bullet uncorks the gun and the gases \"pop\" like champagne. A suppressor adds some chambers to the process so the gases \"fizz\" out instead of \"popping\" out." ]

[ 5111 ]

[ [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pOXunRYJIw" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-dE_tknOgk", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-dE\\_tknOgk" ], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VNcoZiVGhU" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ghfaxl9" ]

[ "All navel oranges have it. Some are just small. It's a mutation. URL_0" ]

[ 52 ]

[ [ "https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103250589#:~:text=%22That%20appearance%20of%20a%20navel,mutation%20that%20started%20it%20all%3F" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eld0ymp", "eld2et0" ]

[ "It’s a different kind of stable. Helium is stable since it doesn’t react with other elements, while iron is stable in the way that if you have a single iron atom, it isn’t going to fall apart." ]

[ 16 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f5chg8e", "f5e0ru3", "f5ch0qc", "f5chrl2" ]

[ "There is still a lot of research that needs to be done, and unfortunately due to the bullshit scheduling of cannabis for so many years, we don't know as much as we should right now. But the essence of what we do know now is that our bodies have an entire network called the endocannabinoid system. When introducing the elements in cannabis into our bodies, the receptors in that system bind to certain elements to varying effect. Certain canabinoids like CBD have been shown to regulate certain immune functions, like inflammation, and this is one area where we are seeing potential for medical application. As far as snake oil goes, it's really just a matter of how it's being marketed. With cannabis becoming legal in so many states, people looking to make money are jumping at the opportunity and being downright deceptive in stating what CBD is capable of. There's also the matter of how it is ingested, and if it is an extract, how it is extracted. There are good ways to get concentrates from cannabis now, but plenty of sketchy, \"hot dog water,\" synthesized CBD and THC concentrates also. Similarly, with how it is ingested, some ways are better than others in terms of bioavailability. AFAIK, with CBD, sublingual and through vaporization, seem to be the most effective methods." ]

[ 149 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.jneurosci.org/content/early/2019/09/27/JNEUROSCI.0708-19.2019" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fqn3k3a", "fqn418w" ]

[ "Because the information in the meeting allegedly wasn’t made public. You can’t act on private information." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f111sp7", "f110o1b" ]

[ "Anybody who meets the legal requirements can run for office. Primary elections are not constitutionally protected elections. A political party is just a bunch of members of a private organization deciding to vote for who their candidate is going to be. It's not part of the actual voting process. If a candidate loses a primary election they are still perfectly capable of being a candidate for the position as an independent or representing another party. If a party decides to not have a primary election then they are free to do so." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dt8vwgw", "dt907nh", "dt8xilo", "dt8yvkh", "dt8xb69" ]

[ "There are some indications that some genetics, and/or medical conditions, may contribute to some amount of increased weight gain. However, the amount is often dramatically overstated, and minor relative to diet." ]

[ 54 ]

[ [], [ "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13679-017-0247-x" ], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dh3qt9o" ]

[ "You can kill them by crushing but think about how hard that is and how flat they already are. Like if you slap a piece of paper it doesn't get crushed down any noticeable amount, right? Think of slapping something a thousand times thinner than that. You would need to crush them very carefully between two really smooth totally inflexible things" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ej61tzx" ]

[ "Think of electricity like water flowing but magnetism the ripples. They are caused by the same thing but different effects" ]

[ 11 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g3debv7" ]

[ "I don't have the answer but I would like to add that I often mistake my children's names with my siblings. For example when I want to say my daughters name I say my sisters name. Sound familiar?" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e1hqqnb", "e1hqsu3" ]

[ "Electric current creates a magnetic field, high currents create a strong magnetic field, and strong magnetic fields create strong forces What you are hearing is the result of the current creating a magnetic field that physically squeezes and releases the wire 100 or 120 times per second. The wire is actually moving and this is what creates the humming" ]

[ 13 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fnkbxxs", "fnkfj1a", "fnkkl0j", "fnkd7re", "fnlcxdz", "fnkzl8d", "fnklnn8" ]

[ "a) the star is actively sending out light, it is shining while the surface of a planet only reflects a tiny bit of light back out b) the star is several million times larger than a rock on a planet, so even if the planet is something \"close\" like one in Alpha Centauri, the size/distance ratio still favors the star. c) planets have atmospheres. hard to see through clouds from above (which is part of the reason we send those rovers to mars, to land there and take pics from there)" ]

[ 24 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_diameter", "https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0612/m31abtpmoon.jpg", "https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/moon-hoax-why-not-use-telescopes-to-look-at-the-landers", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_4697" ], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_directly_imaged_exoplanets", "https://phys.org/news/2018-01-astronomers-images-surface-giant-star.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List\\_of\\_directly\\_imaged\\_exoplanets" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fckfmf6" ]

[ "I see them sold both with and without shells nowadays. I've only seen that in the last few years, though. It used to be that I only saw them with the shells on. It's cheaper to produce them with the shells on. But a lot of people enjoy not having to mess with the shells themselves." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ec20iyb" ]

[ "Do you mean when you switch between daytime mode and nighttime mode? You can kinda see the overlap in the two?" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "emcebx5" ]

[ "Could you define *different*? They are not made of a special material that is \"more resistant\" to stuff as far as I know (although it might still be more resistant than your normal clothes, depending on what *they* are made of). The benefits of lab coats really come from other sources. Namely, they're very easily removed (if you spill an acid on your tshirt, you'll have to drag it all over your body and face to get it off, a lab coat can be removed easily with one hand and touching as little as your body as possible), and secondarily if you spill something on your pants, you might be too self conscious to remove your pants in the middle of 50+ people, especially if you're a student." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eotzdfm", "eou2o0u" ]

[ "Because although large asteroid strikes are incredibly infrequent, when they occur they can be large enough to kill millions of people or even the entire species." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ga54bdy", "ga4ya9u", "ga5bhbx", "ga5apoe", "ga56gmj" ]

[ "Because we evolved in a dangerous world, and its better to be able to stay up/wake up quickly, than to get a full night's rest. And you can train yourself to fall asleep more quickly" ]

[ 58 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [ "https://www.google.ca/amp/s/www.independent.co.uk/life-style/national-napping-day-2019-fall-asleep-fast-military-trick-sleep-a8817826.html%3famp" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ekjvg50", "ekjvjxr", "ekkof2z", "ekkjksw", "ekk047x", "ekkos38", "ekl3kw5", "ekl1n55", "ekl1rcz", "ekkzstm", "ekjv3hy", "ekm51md", "ekmjsd0" ]

[ "Honey often contains botulism spores, growth of botulism is suppressed when there is low water activity (such as in honey), and it's suppressed when the pH is low. It needs to get 125'C to kill the spores. Botulism produces one of the most toxic poisons known to man when it grows. The temperature to kill botulism is too high for honey (it would ruin it). For adults this is a non-issue because it doesn't grow in honey, and when you eat it your stomach acid prevents it from growing. Babies don't have a low enough pH in their stomach (not enough stomach acid basically), so botulism can grow in a babies stomach after it mixes with water in their stomach which could be deadly." ]

[ 18591 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [ "http://bfy.tw/NAQ0" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://www.fda.gov/Food/RecallsOutbreaksEmergencies/Outbreaks/ucm626013.htm", "http://www.infantbotulism.org/general/babybig.php", "https://foodpoisoningbulletin.com/2019/bottled-bar-clams-recalled-clostridium-botulinum/" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g7yxeyb" ]

[ "For one thing, a lot of the places we get cancer we do not know how to transplant. For example, if you get brain cancer, you cannot get a brain transplant - we just don't have the ability. Another point is that cancer often metastasizes, and this is what makes it deadliest. Metastasizing is just a fancy way of saying it travels to other parts of the body. When this happens, you need to attack the cancer throughout the body, and solving the problem in one particular area simply won't do. A final reason is that organ transplants are fairly problematic. For example, lung transplants have a five-year survival rate of roughly 50%. This means that I may remove your lung cancer, but now your body starts attacking *the lung itself.* This further removes transplants from being a long-term solution until we really figure out how to improve their own survival rates." ]

[ 16 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gq25ope", "gq25yal", "gq2613c", "gq268u9", "gq27tqg" ]

[ "There aren't necessarily, it's just a statistical average. In fact, looks like \"The Global sex ratio is 1.018. It means that we have slightly more men then women\" according to [here]( URL_0 )." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [ "https://countrymeters.info/en/World" ], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%27s_principle" ], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eb49m9c" ]

[ "Identical sound waves cancel each other out. Noise cancelling headphones have microphones that pick up outside noise and feed it back on itself so it's cancelled out and you only hear the different waves coming from your player inside the headphones." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "di44d5e", "di49pm9", "di4hfzm", "di4bfyr", "di4hr44" ]

[ "The moon stabilizes Earth's axis so that it doesn't wobble too much. It essentially acts as a weight, pulling on the Earth and keeping it on a fairly uniform rotation. This means that we have regular and consistent seasons and temperatures, which allow for agriculture, modern civilization, and all that fun stuff. Possibly even life itself because it's kind of hard to grow in a region when you can't predict what environment you'll be in within a year." ]

[ 74 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/moon-life-tides/" ], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fc4nnbb", "fc4sthx", "fc4nsh3" ]

[ "If that spinal cord isn’t cut, you won’t die instantly. Granted, you won’t live long with a severed carotid without immediate medical attention (even then it’s a crap shoot)." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dpi2cwc", "dpi1qjj" ]

[ "π isn't infinite, it's irrational. The relationship between a circle's diameter and circumference is not infinite, it a real and tangible number that we can know as excatly as we know what 12 is. We know exactly what π is, it is π. We know what π is as much as we know what 1, -1, 1000, sqrt(2), e, or j are. They are just symbols to represent a number we have an understanding of. Irrational numbers (π, sqrt(2)) simply have a non-repeating decimal representation when we display them in base-10 (using the ten numbers from 0 to 9 in the standard decimal notation). That doesn't mean we don't know what they are, just that we can't express it exactly in a base-10 representation. Much the same as how 1/3 in base-10 is infinitely repeating as 0.33333.... and that doesn't mean we don't know what 1/3 is or that we can't represent 1/3 exactly. Not being able to display it in base-10 is absolutely not the same as not knowing excatly what it is or it being infinite. Base-10 isn't some fundamental correct way to display numbers. We can actually use base-π as a just as valid base and π works out nice and cleanly. 16 however would be an infinite string of digits, yet you know what 16 is and what it's root is. 1 to represent one is as valid as π is for pi. We also do have eqautions to exactly express π in base-10 (as we know exactly what it is), they would just take forever to calculate. π/4 = 1 - 1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 + 1/9... for example. We know what sqrt(π) is because we know is what π is. If we wanted to express what sqrt(π) is in a base-10 decimal representation, we simply just take the root of one of the many equations we have for excatly calculating π. Edit: series should be π/4, not π, as pointes out by others." ]

[ 29 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dy2jvjs", "dy2k9tr" ]

[ "Context is important here. A lot of food is unhealthy because it is energy dense and we can eat a bunch of it, which we convert into things like fat. But consider that for most of our evolution, we didn't have supermarkets and candy stores. In that context, 'energy dense' means something vastly different. It is a *lifeline.* Here is a relatively compact piece of food that will give you a significant boost to survival. If you don't know when your next meal is, energy dense foods are extremely valuable, because they might help you store up enough to not starve. So as far as your evolutionary history is concerned, they aren't bad for you at all. They're *Awesome.* The problem however, is that you can go to the store and buy 10 candybars a day, and get two buckets of fried chicken, and a milkshake. As far as your body is concerned, this stuff is survival gear, it's going to pack it on and use it to keep you going the next time you are starving and can't find a meal... But since you can just buy another 10 candybars and more friend chicken and so forth, you can overload your system. Evolution didn't result in a \"dump the excess\" mechanism to counterbalance the storage mechanism, because that excess meant survival. TLDR: It isn't necessarily inherently bad for you. Rather, it is bad for you because we can eat without moderation." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fotxfoq", "fotwk6p", "fou20va" ]

[ "There are certain things EMTs can't measure with machine. Most important is how well you're breathing. If you're talking normally then your lungs are fine, and so on. Next it give them an idea of the pain you're in. Sure you can tell them a 8/10 on a scale but what does that even mean. If you're gritting your teeth it's bad, screaming is worse (usually). Finally it tells us what's called your LOC (level of consciousness) do you know who you are, where you are, when you are? All those things go into assessing the full extent of the patients injuries especially to the head." ]

[ 14 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "exm1u2y" ]

[ "I recently went from first shift to thirds, so I wondered this same thing... Basically, when you are running short on sleep, your body tends to be in a heightened state of anxiety, which leads to stress hormones being released. When you're under stress, there is a bit of adrenaline that gets released, this gets your heart pumping and induces a feeling of wakefulness and alertness. The stress caused by lack of sleep is what fuels your day, this is short lived, and you will eventually have to sleep ." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "doyembw" ]

[ "They don't actually reflect better. The difference is that there is far less light coming from outside so you can see the reflected light from inside more easily. It is the same sort of idea behind how you can see stars at night but not during the day; they don't stop shining, there is just other light overpowering them." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f6xxulo" ]

[ "It has to do with how quickly their bodies use that oxygen. It's not just the volume if the lungs that matter. There is oxygen in the blood and cells that we also have to take into account. I remember learning that whales can take the better part of an hour for their blood to make a full lap of their body and it accounts for a large part of why they can hold their breath for so long. It's not just their lung capacity that matters. But back to us, humans have quite high metabolism and quite a high demand for oxygen since our bodies evolved for endurance applications. We need a constant supply of oxygen. Which means we are particularly bad at holding our breath." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "esgmzix" ]

[ "The most common is playing 24 fps movies on 30 fps TVs. It converts 24 frames per second into 29.97 frames per second. Roughly speaking, converting every 4 frames into 5 frames plus a slight slow down in speed. The first 2 output frames are original. Output frames 3 and 4 are a mix of input frames 1, 2 and 3. Output frame 5 is input frame 4. URL_0" ]

[ 4 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-two_pull_down" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "erhjsh2", "erhlnc9", "erhmzda" ]

[ "Its not easier for everybody, but alot of it comes down to it being a controlled environment, you decide the pace, you have no obstacles, no changes in elevation, a stable base. But, for some people it is harder to run on a treadmill, as they lack the visual proof of them excersising." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "etwu97k" ]

[ "They're not really fully specialized multicellular organisms like us, but they're not really fully free-living colonial organisms like algae either. The man-o-war occupies a bizzare evolutionary half-step where the cells are related and have a minor degree of specialization, but they are not yet truly linked together into a single animal with bespoke specialized organs and cells. The man-o-war has a specific cell type that will produce egg or sperm analogs and they reproduce sexually that way. The fertilized cell is free-floating and will then bud off the other types of cells to reconstruct another colony. That may sound a lot like how regular animals grow, but it's important to remember that the man-o-war's cells basically don't communicate or interact with eachother. Your cells have a massively complicated control and regulation system to do their one job on command, the man-o-war's cells just do whatever they want." ]

[ 107 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "h0bprle", "h0bplia", "h0brwmk", "h0bpssj", "h0bprxm", "h0bpwn2", "h0br1s8", "h0bptuy", "h0bqbg1" ]

[ "They do cause all the same effects as a nuclear weapon dropped in war. The only difference is one of numbers. It is anticipated that if nuclear war ever occured that the involved nations will launch all of their available weapons. In the case of the U.S., Russian, and China this total will be in the thousands. There have been quite a few nuclear tests performed over the last 80 years, but they were spread out over time and still don't approach anywhere near that total." ]

[ 81 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "en6s1a4", "en6st7z", "en6scy5", "en7a6ep" ]

[ "Because light isn't instantaneous. It takes time to reach us. Meaning any light we see from 1 million light years away is 1 million year old light." ]

[ 22 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dllus9j", "dllss6z", "dllw5ip", "dllv23v", "dllv3vb", "dllv17f", "dllxcpc", "dllu9th", "dllvg2m", "dllxznl", "dllyv7r" ]

[ "Just wrote this out in another thread - Loosely about the nazis but fits here! Brace yourself, I went on a bit.. - religion. This is actually a much smaller reason than it seems, but there has been conflict between Christianity and Judaism focusing on the idea of 'Christ-killer' (romans killed him!? Jesus was Jewish!?). However, this was used as an excuse in the Middle Ages a lot, where we saw Jews being driven out of countries en Masse (most notably Spain, but also England). HOWEVER, this was unimportant to the nazis, who viewed Jewishness as being racial rather than religious - many victims of the Holocaust would not have defined themselves as Jewish at all, being a different religion, no religion, or simply considering their religion not definitive of their identity. - religious practices. Judaism has its sabbath on a Saturday. This seems insignificant, but became alienating to many when there were conflicts about working hours - Jewish shopkeepers/workers would want to close on a Saturday and work on a Sunday. This leads to separate shops, staffed only by Jewish people, leading to alienation and the idea of Jews as 'other' Similarly, different foods and clothes marked Jewish people as different, further enhancing their 'otherness'. Most significant to the 19th century, but once the system is set up, it remains. -big bad banker stereotype. This seems to stem again from centuries ago, when loan givers were often Jewish, as Christianity forbids usury but Judaism does not. However, it's not very representative. Some Jewish people in the C20th were bankers. Some were impoverished. There isn't much of an over-representation of Jews in these positions, but owing to historical racism those who were were considered representative. - bloody Bolshevik Jewish stereotype. (The idea that they are communists). Again, this makes little sense - especially if they're all bankers! Probably comes from some key figures on the left at the time being Jewish, but is hardly representative. However, it does fit in nicely with the 'traitor' narrative that Hitler loved - that Germany only lost WW1 because they were stabbed in the back by the Jewish leaders (Dolchstoßlegende). Again, this is bollocks. - 'the wandering jew' - this was likely far more significant than the others. As there is no Jewish 'homeland', and Jews faced anti-semitism across Europe (hence the rise of Zionism in C20) historically Jewish people have been fairly nomadic. This meant a level of exclusion and alienation, allowing them to be seen as foreign, untrustworthy invaders. While in Germany/Western Europe, most Jewish people were assimilated and culturally indistinguishable from any non-Jewish person, the same was not true in Eastern Europe, where (owing to and leading to oppression) Jewish communities tended to be very insular, speaking Yiddish and remaining identifiably separate from non-Jewish communities. Essentially, there has been a long, long history of anti-semitism, and despite stemming from roots we hardly remember, attitudes and stereotypes remain. The nazis adopted these ideas not because there /was/ a 'Jewish problem', but because when faced with terror, people look for a scapegoat, and history had one all set up. Tl;dr- old and lazy stereotypes, fed by fear of the 'other'" ]

[ 300 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.amazon.com/dp/0451529405/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_-ABKzbN55GW2V" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Norwich" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "etmt3mv", "etmtylg" ]

[ "A legal buffer so that if you do get a super germ, antibiotic resistant virus, etc you will not sue the company. Most of the time you are sterilizing everything you clean with it but if something gets through they can say it is not 100% effective." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gil6ybb", "gil5qjj", "gilaccr", "gilz9zu" ]

[ "As far as I know (as a chemistry major) glass is safer for storing acidic foods because acidity can ease the leaching of plastic toxic compounds (like epoxy resins) into the food and that's why many acidic foods are still sold in glass jars. But then again I have seen several brands of pickels sold in plastic containers, so maybe the amount of leaching is negligible or we have to sue the companies :D" ]

[ 14 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dd5bezj" ]

[ "I've always assumed it was because of a couple things - The g string has some pretty crucial notes in open chords. In an E major chord it's the third (so even if your guitar is tuned perfectly it would be a little sharp) and in an A major chord it'd have an octave (and out-of-tune octaves are particularly noticeable). In a G major chord it's the same problem - octaves. I'm sure there are some physical reasons that I don't know about, but I think that an out-of-tune G string would just be more noticeable than other strings. -- In addition, on most electric guitars, it's the lowest string that isn't wound. It requires the least amount of change in tension to change pitch. That would probably be the biggest reason. To further explain - imagine putting a new string on your guitar. If you pluck the string as you're just tightening it, the first few turns change the pitch a lot more than the last few turns - it's because of some physics I don't really understand, but in short the same change in string tension will drop the pitch of the G string more than the E string." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "giw864l", "giw8fzv", "giw8x8l", "giwe21r" ]

[ "However hard or easy it is, it requires time to do. So if the pure oxygen is being consumed faster than it is being produced, you will have a shortage. Also important to factor is that the pure oxygen is available, just not in those specific locations having a shortage. They don't make it on site, it's made elsewhere and shipped to the locations that need it. So if you use more than you have ordered or requested from somewhere else, you will also have a shortage." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgai6kr", "dgaid6q" ]

[ "I would think it wakes you up because you see it as a potential threat. My mother is a heavy sleeper, my dad snores so hard that the whole house vibrates and she doesn't give a damn. But everytime when I was a kid, she would wake up instantly if I cried about some monster lurking in me closet." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ec5afrq" ]

[ "We don't have one because we never needed one. Those sort of toxic gases are so rare in nature that we never needed to evolve to filter them out. (Evolution isn't about perfection, it is about good enough)" ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g6i7gwd", "g6ibt6w" ]

[ "You don't need any meds in the 4th week, but humans are creatures of habit. The pills aren't placebo in the sense of making you think they work and therefore working, they are just about making you stay on the habit of taking a pill every day." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]