Datasets:

mNLP-project

/

gpt2-finetuning

like 0

[ "doys1xy" ]

[ "Companies have behaved like that repeatedly when governments let them get away with that. US railroad and steel companies have similar histories of land grabs, building up private armies, creating their own towns and effectively becoming their own little governments. Why were they allowed to do that? They paid some taxes, paid some bribes, but ultimately they just did it. This is partly why line of business and anti trust regulations can be so important. Our planet has witnessed too many companies motivated by greed taking too much power and effectively stealing too much money." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gknwsdv", "gkny88c" ]

[ "Many power banks will disable the outputs when connected to a power source, but otherwise the entire contents of the battery would slowly be lost to heat as it attempts to charge itself from its own batteries." ]

[ 19 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eamm5up", "eammdwu", "eammf75", "eamogjq", "eamq8gc", "eamqwbd" ]

[ "According to Microsoft: “Windows 10, because 7 8 9.” (Get it? Seven ate nine.) URL_0" ]

[ 26 ]

[ [ "https://www.businessinsider.in/Secret-t-shirt-message-explains-why-Microsoft-skipped-Windows-9/articleshow/47181030.cms" ], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e3uwehr" ]

[ "reifinancing is paying off your current loan/mortgage and getting a new loan/mortgage or just getting a loan out if you have no current loan. you might do this if the rates go down, you change from a 30 year to 15 or vice versa or you get money by pulling out equity. your old loan/mortgage is paid off and done. you now pay your new loan/mortgage at whatever rate and payments you agreed to." ]

[ 7 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "gpbcy97", "gpbbclm" ]

[ "There are two ways of mixing colours: * additive mixing is when you mix coloured lights, ie mix substances that produce certain light wavelengths * substractive mixing is when you mix coloured pigments, that is substances who absorb certain light wavelengths Your eye contains three kinds of receptors for light: * low wavelength (\"red\" photons) * middle wavelength (\"green\" photons) * high wavelengths (\"blue\" photons) # In additive mixing Your eye works as follows: if you emit only red/green/blue photons, your eye will interpret it as red/green/blue. So if you mix colours, you have photons of different kinds emitted and: * if you emit red and green photons, it will interpret it as yellow if there are as many red photons as green ones, and as something ranging from orange if there are more red photons to greenish/lime green if there are more green photons * if you emit red and blue photons, it will interpret it as magenta (a pinkish hue) if there are as many red photons as blue ones, and as something ranging from reddish purple if there are more red photons to blueish violet if there are more blue photons * if you emit blue and green photons, it will interpret it as cyan (a light tealish blue) if there are as many red photons as green ones, and as something ranging from greenish teal if there are more green photons to to indigo if there are more blue photons * if you emit all three, you will have more muted colours (colours tending towards grey with a hue depending on the photon types which are prevalent) This gives you the hue, and then the brightness (black/dark colours to white/light colours) depends on the intensity of the light (the number of photons). That's why it's called additive: adding colour makes the result lighter. So your primary colours are the ones corresponding to the colour-perceiving cells in your eye: red, green, blue. # In substractive mixing You mix pigments, and they absorb a certain colour, and reflect others, so: * if they absorb the green photons, they look magenta * if they absorb the blue photons, they look yellow * if they absorb the red photons, they look cyan And so if you mix pigments, they absorb several kinds of photons, so: * if you mix magenta and yellow, you absorb green and blue, so it looks (orangish) red with differences of hue according to the proportion of each * if you mix magenta and cyan, you absorb green and red, so it looks (violetish) blue with differences of hue according to the proportion of each * if you mix cyan and yellow, you absorb red and blue, so it looks green with differences of hue according to the proportion of each * if you mix all three, you will again have greyish colours And again, this gives you the hue, and then the brightness (white/light colours to black/dark colours) depends on the amount of pigment: more pigment makes the colour darker. That's why it's called substractive: adding colour makes the result darker. So your primary colours are the ones corresponding to opposite of the colours perceived by the cells in your eye: magenta, yellow, cyan. # What about paint, light and ink? I guess that you've got it now: * for paint it's substractive colour mixing * for light it's additive colour mixing And for ink? I guess that you mean printing ink, and it's the same colours as for painting, except that generally you will add black because the black produced by mixing magenta, yellow, and cyan in equal parts does not look as black as some other pigments that really absorb almost all light wavelengths. In painting, you can also use white (but it changes the quality of the color, making it flatter and less bright) or black (but it makes the colours duller) so painters tend to avoid that and use white only when they need pure white to cover another colour (otherwise, they generally dilute their colour to have less pigment), and use very rarely black except when they need a really black area, because if you want to make a darker hue of a given colour you obtain better results by mixing it with the opposite colour (e.g. to have dark red, you mix magenta with a some green)." ]

[ 7 ]

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[ "dxbze81" ]

[ "If you can open the lid/cap and replace it without out someone knowing, it needs a seal underneath. If the lid had a plastic piece that breaks, or you have to rip a wrapping to get to it, it doesn't need a seal underneath. It's all about whether you can detect tampering or not." ]

[ 8 ]

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[ "dcizsw2", "dcj8o0m" ]

[ "Day to day things are stored in short term memory. The mundane gets replace a lot. Long term memory is stored elsewhere in the brain. Looking at an old photograph will bring those memories to the short term part of the brain where then the shock process occurs. Other forms of this happen when you get older, move a lot, or just are away for a long while. Example, say you live on the east coast of the US and you move to the west coast. You lived on the east for 20 years. While you go about your daily life on the west coast you will see people that look just like people you know from the east coast. If you could put them side by side you would see they usually don't look alike. It is just your brain trying to comprehend the radical changes that took place with the move, and loss of familiarity. When old people get senile the brain will do the same thing. Trying to place old memories to what it can't comprehend in the short term. Grandma might start calling you by a late relative's name for example." ]

[ 16 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "ddk9lvs", "ddkdf5u", "ddll8nh" ]

[ "When you have very low blood sugar, your pancreas releases a hormone called glucagon into the blood stream, which triggers the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose to raise blood sugar levels. A side effect of glucagon is nausea, and we're not really sure why." ]

[ 340 ]

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[ "fyc1wrf", "fycjbgp", "fyc7c2d", "fycjmhf", "fycip0o", "fycc7dt", "fycjd10", "fyckqz3", "fyckwgq", "fycg6ey", "fychx0x", "fych3dd", "fycljpm", "fyciz1z", "fyclo0f", "fyclgvl", "fyc9n8r", "fyck6z3", "fyckywf" ]

[ "Because it's hard being a librarian. It requires a good deal of skill. Is it worth it, given the low salary? That's a different question. So really what you're asking is \"why are we paying so little for a job that requires so much skill and training?\" Answer: because society is stupid. We don't value skill and training. Lucky for us, some people do. They become librarians." ]

[ 808 ]

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[ "dex2fme" ]

[ "If a plant blooms and the flower is damaged by snow or ice, the result would be that the plant will not produce fruit that year. The plant will not die, however it needs its flowers to develop in order to make fruit and seed." ]

[ 6 ]

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[ "gs2g4cn", "gs2hpz6" ]

[ "A bubble is when, basically, people start buying something solely because they believe someone else will buy it for more later on en masse without really having any reason for why it will be worth more. This does, indeed, raise the price of the thing. I mean, lots of people are trying to buy it, so sellers raise prices in response. This attracts more buyers. The feedback loop continues and prices climb way out of proportion with any concept of the \"fair value\"* of the thing. Eventually, people realize that, \"hey, maybe paying $2000 for a thing that should really be worth $20 isn't such a good call and I'm likely to lose a ton of money when the bubble bursts.\" The pool of buyers dries up and, usually, everyone panics. The people who bought hoping to sell later all try to sell at once before the price really crashes. This, obviously, crashes the price. The vast majority of people bought in well above fair value (which is likely where the price will settle in the long run) so most people lose a bunch of money trying to sell. *Basically the price that reflects the actual value the thing creates for a buyer." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "dsxydij" ]

[ "It a combination of involuntary muscle contractions and in a lot of cases heat is generated as the charge passes through your body causing burns. There are horrific images around of these burns. Deadly stuff." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fwb2vh3", "fwbaunl", "fwb3aki", "fwbwk6c" ]

[ "Challenger. That's the only answer you need. If it were carrying a cargo bay of high grade waste half of the country would have been irradiated for centuries." ]

[ 30 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.wired.co.uk/article/olkiluoto-island-finland-nuclear-waste-onkalo" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g1zmn71" ]

[ "If you're ever pushing someone on a swing, you know you want to give them a push when they're on the way forward right? It's a similar thing with materials and their resonant frequency. When something is vibrating, the structure of what it's made out of causes it to vibrate at a certain rate. Similarly, if you were singing a perfect note, that is causing the air to push in waves at a certain rate. If you line up those things perfectly, then each time the air pushes, it is in line with the object vibrating in one direction. This means the sound wave is helping to make the vibration bigger, just like pushing a swing at the right time. Eventually, if do this more and more, you can potentially ~~push them right over the top of the swingset~~ break the glass because it is vibrating itself apart." ]

[ 9 ]

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[ "g4nmgib", "g4o3qoe", "g4nooct", "g4o5u6j", "g4oaoti", "g4ofd62", "g4onsah", "g4oh95c", "g4o8d79", "g4ojdo6", "g4p5wgv", "g4ojkhr", "g4p7xx1", "g4obqvx", "g4ose3f", "g4p652y", "g4pu69a", "g4oir1v" ]

[ "There will always be outliers who defy expectation. However, statistically speaking, most aren't so lucky. The doctor wants to give people an understanding of their likely future so that the patient may start to make informed choices about what they want to do. To make these predictions, doctors would look at the person's injuries and compare them to other similar cases. They know that most people who sustain certain types of injures tend not to be able to walk again. While occasionally someone might be truly lucky and get mobility back, the doctor's responsibility is to inform the patient of their likely future so that they can adjust and cope accordingly. As for predicting death, it is similar. Doctors would compare the stage of the patient's terminal illness against other cases to get an early estimate. Due to all the studies that have been done on such illnesses, doctors know how long it typically takes a given terminal illness to kill someone after it reaches a certain stage. Following that, they would watch the patient to see how quickly the disease progresses for them, and possibly adjust that estimate." ]

[ 6874 ]

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[ "h1i4vb3" ]

[ "They reserve part of your hardware and it runs a second OS on that. Running a VM will take away resources from your applications running on the main OS. VMS will allocate the resources, even if they are not needed. Therefor a VM should be configured with minimal resources, especially when running on your personal machine. When running a VM in the cloud there is usually multiple machines that form 1 big machine, which is called the hypervisor. That big machine is then broken down in multiple VMs. These are the ones offered by AWS, GCP or Azure. (Or any other cloud provider) So a cloud VM is run on multiple hard metal machines, when you would shoot one of those hard metal machines with a shotgun, the VM would continue to be online, as the hypervisor continues to live on. When you keep shooting, the hypervisor will eventually die, taking your VM with it." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "fkplqcg", "fkpn4f4" ]

[ "Herding animals capitalizes on a behavior shared by some animals, interestingly called \"herd animals\". Sheep have a behavior which causes them to stay in a group, because this makes it harder for a predator to attack them. Using sheep dogs to herd them capitalizes on this \"feature\", using a dog to make them move from place to place in a big group." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "eh6mvn8", "eh6npow", "eh6n6m1", "eh6ompy", "eh6p9nd" ]

[ "The 'Barbarians' had learned a lot from the Romans over time. It's not like they were entirely uncivilized with no technology." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

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[ "ehkuoqi" ]

[ "Another name for this is \"Hollywood Accounting,\" and I knew some film people who practiced it liberally. You see you start a production company, then you start a camera rental company, and a light rental company, and a makeup company, and a... And then you as a production company rent your cameras and lighting and all your other equipment, which you already own, from yourself, and you pay yourself from yourself to do all the work and hire yourself out. Then all these companies write off all sorts of expenses off as losses so that no one makes money and all the money funnels right back into your own pocket so you get rich anyway. And so when the movie goes to the box office and makes millions of dollars, all these companies get first cut to pay off their debts to themselves which means to yourself, but the debt is higher than the profits so it's all a loss, you're rich, and all these companies fold. It also means that the wording in an actor's contract is tricky, because if you're supposed to get a cut of the profits, that's not the same thing as a cut of the revenue. And where you stand in line, who gets paid first, is also important. If worded correctly, a movie can make millions, see no profit, no one gets paid, not even the actors, and you walk away rich. That's the gist. And frankly, it's terribly easy. It's easy as fuck. And you fold all these companies and their records disappear into the ether - you have on record you got paid by your employer, totally legit, but there's no business entity left around to question." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "fy7ur2v", "fy7s6zg", "fy7sc47" ]

[ "Put a bunch of dots on a balloon then inflate the balloon. All the dots expand away from each other. But if you focus on one dot everything seems to expand away from it specifically." ]

[ 21 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

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[ "e93g4oi", "e93jufo" ]

[ "Because there's lots of other stuff in the head besides the brain, and those things can feel pain. For instance, nerves in blood vessels, muscles of the head and neck, and so on." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "dj2g1uf", "dj2hbyu", "dj2b2zd", "dj2b8af" ]

[ "Imagine you're at a buffet selling only m & ms (in this case, bandwidth) with only one guy handing the candy out to people. some people will go up to the man with an empty bucket and ask for m & ms, instead of filling everyone's bucket to the top he will put in only a big handful, topping them up as they need. this is useful in many ways. Some people wont eat all the m & ms and what you've given them would go in the bin and be a waste of resources. Sometimes there will be many people at once asking for m & ms and it will be faster to partially fill everyone's bucket up rather than totally fill everyone one at a time. this way everyone can start eating and continue getting topped up when they're running low. This also frees up some of your own bandwidth and computer resources to use on other stuff while watching the video. i guess the analogy here would be carrying around a lighter bucket" ]

[ 26 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gdkcan6" ]

[ "One of the reasons web chats take long is that agents handle multiple chats at once. Maybe in India, they're handling 3 at a time. If they increased labor costs by bringing jobs here, they might make them handle 5 at a time. So while it might improve some of the language/context barriers that slow how quickly a chat can resolve issues, there may be longer lags between responses." ]

[ 3 ]

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[ "glge6rz" ]

[ "That's a huge topic, but at its root capitalism is a system where resources, the means of production, the products, and labor are privately own by individuals or groups of individuals and are traded freely by mutual agreement. Why its succeeding or failing or even if it is doing one or the other, depends on who you ask. It has certainly raised the standard of living for many, but according to some it's also exploitative. To others it's only exploitative where government protects certain groups or individuals from the repercussions of bad economic choices or where it allows or acts as an agent of force to undermine the \"freely traded\" aspect and thus ceases to be true capitalism." ]

[ 8 ]

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[ "fxzd6z6" ]

[ "Here's my streamlined, very oversimplified explanation. Democrats are the more liberal left-wing party. They support higher taxes, as they feel that money can be used to run government services like health care to help everyone. They support regulations on large corporations, saying that regulations protect the environment and individual workers. They generally wish to increase our business and relations with foreign countries. They tend to support feminism, minorities, and gay rights. They want to decrease our military spending, saying that the money could be better spent elsewhere. They want to make immigration into the country easier. They want more laws regulating and controlling the sale of guns. Republicans are the more conservative right-wing party. They support lower taxes, as they feel that individuals would then be able to save their money to help themselves as they see fit. They oppose regulations on large corporations, saying that regulations hurt the economy and make people's lives worse as a result. They generally wish to have the USA focus on internal matters and deal as little as possible with foreign countries. They tend to support traditional Christian values. They want to increase our military spending, saying that the money is best used for national defense. They want to make immigration into the country harder. They want fewer laws regulating and controlling the sale of guns. This is an over simplification, but that's the basic idea." ]

[ 25 ]

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[ "ffebwvj" ]

[ "Helium is absolutely not running out. Saying it is makes for a sexy headline, but its grossly misleading. The real deal is that you need to \"mine\" helium, and good places to mine it aren't that common...but we really haven't been mining that much anyways. Why? Because the US stockpiled absolutely absurd amounts of easily extraditable helium in the early 1900s as a strategic resources (parts of the US are one of, if not the best place for helium extraction). The US has gradually been selling off its helium stocks, along with doing some mining for about a 100 years, and pretty much undercuts everyone else on price (the price is kept artificially low), so there is no really good reason for anyone else to mine it as the price is too low. However, the US stockpile is getting lower (by design, the US wants to get rid of its stockpile), but prices have stayed low, so there aren't too many people rushing out to start new helium mines, because its just not that profitable. When prices rise, there will be plenty of new helium on the market. The US produces at 75% of the worlds helium. The next biggest produce is Qatar as they also have easily accessible sites to extract helium (its found in places with natural gas)" ]

[ 14 ]

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[ "dkwnmkc", "dkwq5gx", "dkwnosh", "dkwy762", "dkx1igq", "dkx2lzf", "dkx5qm8" ]

[ "They're tall because of their diets. The Nordic countries have been eating well since World War II, and their diets consist of a good mix of vegetables, fish, meat and fruit, plus lots of high-protein staples. School kids in the Nordic countries are served hot, balanced lunches every day. Vitamin D is not the sole contributor to height." ]

[ 76 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M170" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fof32r2", "fofb1i8" ]

[ "The switches are twice as close to one another from the 14 to the 7, this means the electric travels faster between them, shorter trips are faster, use less power, and generate less heat." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "e7pkzns", "e7qkra9" ]

[ "Water covers 2/3 of the earth's surface, and the Pacific Ocean simply happens to be where there's a lot of relatively low-lying crust, so the water is there. In a few more billion years, it'll be somewhere else as the plates move around." ]

[ 6 ]

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[ "dl9zimo" ]

[ "It does not remove or separate much at all concerning pathogens. But many diseases cause fluid loss via vomiting, diarrhea and excessive sweating, and low blood pressure. Taking in fluids compensates for that loss so that your body can continue working normally. Urinating just means your kidneys are working properly and you have enough fluids to lose some which is positive and allows to get rid of general waste products that your body produces." ]

[ 8 ]

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[ "f86568f" ]

[ "Nervousness and stress causes your body to release hormones into your blood to activate fight or flight mode. One of the effects is that blood flow if restricted from your extremities and directed to your muscles and brain. When less blood flows to your fingers, one of the farthest parts of your body, your nerves will not be able to send signals property and will send signals wildly, causing the tingling feeling as if the limb fell asleep. You probably notice it in your pointer finger because there are more nerves in it since you use it more than your other fingers." ]

[ 4 ]

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[ "dpv0cgq", "dpv27id", "dpuzwdz", "dpvgicj", "dpvgpw8", "dpvykdf", "dpvpdbm", "dpvg65p", "dpv1kt2", "dpvcgxg", "dpvnmat", "dpvsuc2", "dpw2d50" ]

[ "Essentially what it warns against is that in fighting something bad, you should be careful not to take actions that make you as bad as the thing you are fighting. It can be really easy to justify extreme measures to yourself if you are fighting something you believe is evil, but sometimes you need to step back and look at what you are doing." ]

[ 1053 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

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[ "gimi5g9" ]

[ "During a seizure, the brain is firing at an incredible rate, just all cylinders go, to no particular end. As opposed to say, schizophrenia where the brain may be overfiring, but still trying to make specific things happen like walking or talking, and is not trying to do literally everything all at once. Epileptic seizures is like trying to make a spaghetti by grabbing literally all the ingredients in your kitchen and throwing them in a pot in random amounts at random times. Strobe lights disorient everyone to some degree, and being disoriented makes your brain work harder as it tries to figure out wtf is going on. The disorienting effect of the strobe can stimulate the epileptic brain until the point where it starts running all cylinders on go. It can't figure out what's going on so it starts sending random signals like \"move ALL the muscles!\" without adding signals like \"keep your balance\". Strobe lights overstimulate and disorient an epileptic person so the brain just goes into panic mode like \"idk wtf is going just pull all the levers and push all the buttons!!!!! JUST KEEP DOING EVERYTHING I DONT KNOWWWW!!!!\" (to be clear, epilepsy isn't associated with anxiety disorders, and not all seizures involve convulsions)" ]

[ 3 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "dog7q9i", "dog7jl3", "dog7ji3", "dog9ppm", "dog84qc", "dog92ss", "dog94k1", "dog906w", "dog967w", "dog9mt6" ]

[ "Gender dysphoria is listed in DSM-5. It is considered a mental disorder if it causes emotional distress, depression, social isolation, etc. Note that one can be trans and not have proper gender dysphoria, as we regard it now, if their disagreement with their biological sex and chosen gender doesn't cause that kind of distress to them individually." ]

[ 146 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/comments/6zv6sq/cmv_transgender_identity_is_a_form_of_mental/" ], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgdf095" ]

[ "Because what we often call a 'nerve' when you see it on a large scale is actually a bundle of LOADS of neurons doing different things. [See this image.]( URL_0 ) For example, the 'sciatic nerve' contains neurons supplying sensation to the leg, but also contains neurons that supply the hamstring muscles. Sciatica is often caused by compression of this nerve. So if you cut the nerve, you may stop sensation going from it to the brain, but you will also no longer be able to bend your knee. We don't have any way of only cutting the offending nerve fibres, because they're all mixed in together. So basically, the short answer is that we can't do it without stopping muscles from working." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [ "http://content.stockpr.com/axogeninc/files/pages/axogen-resources/for-patients/IL-407-R00-Nerve-Cross-Section-w-Labels-Transparent-Bkgd-1024x772.png?1418678906" ] ]

[ "url" ]

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[ "gh7hlqx" ]

[ "The % chance of rain is a combination of the percentage chance that there will be measurable rain in a given area and the percentage of the area that will have that range. So if a meteorologist is 100% confident that it will rain in an area, but only 60% of the area will get rain, they will say it’s a 60% chance of rain. If they’re 75% certain that it will rain, and 80% of the area will receive rain, it’s also a 60% chance of rain (.75x.8=.6). And if there’s a 60% chance of rain and 100% of the area will receive rain, there’s a 60% chance of rain." ]

[ 7 ]

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[ "dgsxwb6" ]

[ "The main problem is people don't use descriptive language for their posts. Look at the front page right now - \"Say Hello to Camera RIP Laptop\" about somebody spilling coffee on their laptop by waving to the camera. If you were looking for this in the year and look for \"woman\" \"coffee\" \"spill\" you wouldn't get anything that matches the title. The top comment is \"Aw this one is kinda sad,\" so that won't help either." ]

[ 32 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fv944eu", "fv94t62", "fv94sbo" ]

[ "The English invaded everything. That is really the long and short of it. \"The sun never sets on the British Empire\" was a true statement for a long time." ]

[ 17 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dyuyuwc", "dyuyq1t" ]

[ "A bunch of reasons! If you're looking at the modern day nations, geographical size is a big one -- if you're a nation that takes over a decent chunk of real estate, you're obviously likely to claim more people within your borders than somewhere like Liechtenstein, where there's minimal land -- but you're right in saying that the bigger question is why that land supports so many more people than you might otherwise expect. The most obvious one is the fact that India and China are uniquely suited for food production. They have access to river valleys -- great for growing food -- but also great for growing a particular *kind* of food. Rice is much more efficient as a food source than wheat is; you can get about 11 million calories out of an acre of ricefields, compared to only about 4 million calories out an acre of wheatfields, as was commonly used in Europe. (You can get [15 million calories out of an acre of cornfields]( URL_0 ), which might have given the Americas the edge if a) they'd farmed as aggressively as their Chinese and Indian counterparts, and b) the aggressive domestication of corn had hit early. As it is, rice took the lead.) Rice is also native to the region, and the fact that you can flood rice fields as a natural insecticide without killing the rice means that you've basically got a leg-up on getting rid of pests that other crops don't have. More food pretty much always means more people. More space means more places for these people to live, which means more access to farmland, which means more food, which means more people, which means outward expansion, and... well, you can extrapolate from there. That was great until about 1700, when populations all over the planet began to boom. Agricultural methods got much better thanks to industrialisation, and understanding of public health meant that fewer people died. The fun thing about sexual reproduction -- well, *one* of the fun things about sexual reproduction -- is that if you start with a big population, you're going to get a much bigger population very quickly. Even if your population doubles at the same rate if you have a ten million or ten thousand people, you're going to add a *lot* more mouths to feed in the first situation -- and hands to work the field." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [ "https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/in-defense-of-corn-the-worlds-most-important-food-crop/2015/07/12/78d86530-25a8-11e5-b77f-eb13a215f593_story.html?utm_term=.8bc2fb8e2568" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g7a3hmk", "g7a3uxd" ]

[ "Artificially created heavier elements decay in a fraction of a second, so it is unlikely that there is any element which exists naturally that we are unaware of." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "enhqk61", "enhjbjp", "enhit19", "enhjyq7", "enhobc2" ]

[ "Originally, the world wide web was just a small part of the internet. The internet included the world wide web, but it also included FTP (file transfer protocol), e-mail (okay, we still have that), Usenet (bulletin boards), and more. So, if you buy a domain, say URL_4 , then you would put your webpage on URL_1 , and you would put your files on URL_2 , and your email address might be at mail. URL_4 . But as time progressed, the world wide web eclipsed much of those, so we figured it would be easier to type in URL_0 as opposed to www. URL_0 , and here we are!" ]

[ 71 ]

[ [ "google.com", "www.bigscience87.com", "ftp.bigscience87.com", "www.google.com", "bigscience87.com", "mail.bigscience87.com" ], [ "example.com", "www.example.com" ], [ "www.foo.com", "mail.foo.com", "https://www.foo.com", "https://ftp.foo.com", "ftp.foo.com", "foo.com", "https://mail.foo.com", "https://foo.com" ], [ "www.foo.com", "google.com", "maps.google.com", "images.google.com", "foo.com" ], [ "example.com", "web.example.com", "www.example.com" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g9b4tc0", "g9b4dul", "g9bgkll", "g9b4noo" ]

[ "It’s actually a pretty cool thing of engineering. The zapper itself contained a light sensor at the tip. When you pressed the trigger the next frame of the TV would become all black. The frame after that would be mostly black except for a white box in the hit box of the target. If the gun detected light during this moment, it sent a signal to the NES which meant it was a hit. If you didn’t aim at the right place on the screen, then the light sensor wouldn’t have detected light well enough. Using a lens you can get it’s “pointing accuracy” to be a little better as well." ]

[ 451 ]

[ [], [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfo004_4xwU&ab_channel=LinusTechTips" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "do2qnnk", "do3ncz8", "do38quc" ]

[ "Doing a reset wipes the cache files. These can cause random software issue. In the case of signal, resetting the phone forces it to restart searching for signal." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e9twlst", "e9txh3i" ]

[ "In the US it's not popular enough to support fast food, especially amongst the demographic that eats fast food." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gonb7za" ]

[ "It's not a line, it's a gradient. As you practice, you should get better, but it doesn't happen all at once, and each time you attempt the task, you might fail at different parts. As well, being as good as possible is not necessarily competence, you might be competent well before that point. You can't think of learning as a straight line graph of competence vs. time put in. It's much more chaotic, sometimes you just have a fluke where you do it perfectly, sometimes you get in your own head and can't complete the task that you normally are able to do." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gfhir7m" ]

[ "If you mean the people who break the security on games then a lot of them do it for fun and fame among the community. Some do it to share with people who otherwise wouldn't be able to afford games. Some of the pirate sites run ads so they make some money when people visit them. If you mean the people putting them up for download then they often don't pay for the storage. They put them on 3rd party storage websites and get paid when people download them because those sites have ads and they share some of the money with the people uploading the games. Also, there are torrents which are basically a free way to store and distribute games." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f1yfvlf", "f1yj96n" ]

[ "Caliber is a measure of the internal diameter of a gun barrel. Inches are an SAE unit, and millimeters are a metric unit. Either can be used to describe the caliber, based on the manufacturer's preference." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgne2pu" ]

[ "That's a really broad question. The gist of it is you use your money to buy something you hope will increase in value. For example, I have a rental house. I invested in it, or bought it with a down payment. I have tenants in it. The hope is that I will make more money in their rent payments than I will have to pay in taxes, mortgage, and upkeep of the house. You can also invest in real estate where you buy a property in the hopes that you can turn around and sell it for more money than you put into it. You can also invest in the stock market. That is where you buy shares of a company. Those shares are small pieces of a company. So if a company has 100 shares (companies release a lot more shares, but 100 keeps it simple) and you buy 2 shares, you now own 2% of that company. If that company does well and increases in value, the value of your shares go up as well. There are lots of other ways to invest, but those of some of the basics." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gyfhmem" ]

[ "An hr? Either someone's not doing it right or isn't as sensitive. More than likely just a white lie, lots of dudes say it takes that long, but realistically you shouldn't expect more than 20 minutes of constant activity. 10 minutes is fair, but since foreplay is part of the game, 20-30 minutes is totally normal. Shit, I have trouble going too early, so don't feel any sort of bad about it, consider yourself lucky" ]

[ 10 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgori8l", "dgorcdu", "dgprspt" ]

[ "It's important that we make the distinction between the civil service and elected officials. The civil service is government employees, there are hundreds of thousands of them and they are the nuts and bolts of making the government actually function. They are the worker bees, the doors, they are the people who push paper and the bureaucrats. The president, as the head of the executive, is the leader of the civil service. While he's elected most civil servants are not. Then there are the elected officials, the legislative branch. There are only a few hundred of them and they have quite a bit of power. They pass laws, they decide how much you will be taxed, they decide how that tax money is to be spent. By law, the civil servants cannot spend government money without the legislative branch passing a bill each year saying how much money goes to what activities. So if the legislative branch fails to pass this bill, the civil servants are not permitted to spend any public money, not one cent. The managers can't pay the underlings, the department heads can't pay the managers and even the department heads don't get paid. Since it's not legal to require someone to come to work when you can't pay them (that would be slavery) the civil servants are told to all stay home. Without those hundreds of thousands of civil servants, the government grinds to a halt. If the government can't pay park rangers, they can't open the national parks, and so on and so on. People on food stamps don't get their benefits because there's no one there to process the payments. Social security cheques stop because there's no postman to deliver them and even if there was there's no employee stuffing the envelopes or signing the cheques. So a government shutdown happens because congress (the legislative branch) can't or won't pass a bill allowing the civil servants to spend money and be paid. Therefore they don't come to work, therefore nothing gets done. There are some special exceptions for critical services. But most services the government provides are critical to the people that get them. So it's only the REALLY critical stuff that gets an exemption." ]

[ 25 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ed6g5wr", "ed6fvue", "ed6gr7y", "ed6igia", "ed6rmw2" ]

[ "Brake lines hold brake fluid. This fluid is compressed to activate your brakes. While it's possible to cut and completely drain your brake fluid, in which case you won't be able to brake right from the start, a lot of cuts are small and will only drip out some of the dense fluid. But then, as you brake, the high pressure forces more and more fluid out until you can no longer brake. For example, if I squeeze a closed soda bottle with soda in it, it will resist and feel hard, and I won't be able to crumple the bottle. That's the liquid compressing, like how your brakes work. If I then make a thin slit nest the top of a closed soda bottle, some soda might drip out, but the rest would stay. But if I squeezed that bottle, more and more fluid would spray out each time until I could fully crumple the bottle with no resistance (meaning no braking happening)" ]

[ 26 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fff18rl" ]

[ "The whole point of mastering another language is that you stop translating your thoughts and actually think in that new language. You even dream in that language after a while. There are actually studies showing that communicating in a new language will change your logic. The fact that you’re using a different part of your brain even for your thinking means you will generally be more rigorous/logical" ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dbyu1nk", "dbyw661", "dbyvefs" ]

[ "URL_0 has a different IP address than URL_1 . When enter that address into your browser, it goes directly there, without every going to URL_1 . The part after the slash is information the website used to figure out what to do with your request. /status tells URL_1 to display a page about status, /products will display a page about products, most likely. Here's the tricky part. The website can be configured to *redirect* you somewhere else. The website that handles URL_0 could just send you to URL_1 /status...and vice versa. What you initially requested might not be where you wind up." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [ "status.apple.com", "apple.com", "apple.com/status...and" ], [ "status.apple.com", "apple.com" ], [ "status.apple.com", "apple.com", "apple.com/status", "Http://sub.example.com/index.html" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "etk4nbz" ]

[ "A special collection of brain regions becomes active to focus our attention inward - this collection is called the default mode network (DMN). Meanwhile, other brain areas, used to focus on things happening around you, become less active. The DMN has essentially taken over. Source: I teach biopsychology and just covered the DMN today in class." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dbuz4ph", "dbuwnsz", "dbuxi38", "dbuxttp", "dbuxb67", "dbuydls", "dbuwtq8", "dbuzf1x" ]

[ "Great question. I guess there are two prongs to this as I see it. Economically (and legally) slaves had no freedoms, they were property. Like others have said, they were treated poorly in the context of today's ethical codes. In the context of the time, they would've been cared for to the point at which it was necessary in order to maintain that resource. Psychologically, you'd be surprised how easily people can cherry pick what information they attend to (and therefore, their beliefs and emotional reactions to things around them). People tend to attend more to the information that supports their preexisting biases (this is called 'Confirmation Bias'). So if you were raised believing say, that slaves were subhuman or that indigenous people needed \"salvation\" through whatever means necessary, you'll sort the information in your world according to those biases. That natural part of ourselves (particularly in a community/time where critical thought might have not been encouraged) could go some way in explaining why people chose not to see the horrors of slavery. The same thing happens today with meat and dairy consumption and the impact of that industry on the environment but that's another topic for another time! Great question though!" ]

[ 19 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States", "https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/search?q=america+slavery+OR+american+slavery+&restrict_sr=on&sort=relevance&t=all" ], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dp25slj", "dp2bphz", "dp2k5po" ]

[ "The shell is attached by the inner surface, and it grows a bit like a toenail. Snails and slugs are not exactly taxonomic terms, but in general they're actually pretty far apart. Assuming you're talking about just land ones, snails are generally herbivores while slugs will eat anything. Dead animals, insects, plants, mushrooms, worms, and all sorts of things will get eaten by slugs while snails will *usually* stay away from most of that. There are carnivorous land snails though and many water snails also eat meat." ]

[ 110 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gfpoo6y", "gfq20k7" ]

[ "There was a reference to the “birds and the bees” in a 17th century manual about life manners back in the 1600’s (I think). That was how they mentioned it and it stuck. I think it was meant to just be a colloquialism on how all animals do it, and not an actual example of things doing it." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ebw9wnx" ]

[ "In practice, complex numbers are another way to recognize 2 dimensions in a single number format, and this is plotted on the real axis and the imaginary axis. Essentially it is the same as having X and Y components, only they are real and imaginary. Most graphing calculators can interpret real and imaginary inputs and it provides another way to do 2 dimensional calculations." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "di0nwfb" ]

[ "I had a music tech prof who one told me that, in theory, you would be able to be near an explosion and have it cancelled out. In reality, however, it would likely overwhelm the device. I would think that most noise-cancelling headphones are, for obvious reasons, simply not designed to accommodate such loud noises. So, there is a very real risk that the headphones won't do their job at all, and the full amplitude of the sound is heard by the ears. Basically, don't try this at home, kids." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gwx27ti", "gwx3pmj", "gwx1k2h", "gwxje2m" ]

[ "Euclidean geometry is a specific type of geometry. And in short, it's just geometry done on a flat surface as opposed to one that's curved. Yeah, thats...thats literally it. Unless you went to college specifically for math all of the geometry you have ever done has been euclidean geometry. Now, why is that such an important thing and why is it called that? Back in like 300 BC a guy named Euclid wrote a book called *Elements* and it was basically the cornerstone of all geometry and math for a very long time. And in it he wrote 5 postulates, basically just ideas he said where true. And the 5th one (the others aren't super important) basically says that if you take two lines that are perfectly parallel they will be perfectly parallel forever, and any two lines which are not perfectly parallel must intersect somewhere. This is true on a flat surface, but as soon as the surface you are working on is curved that's no longer true. Two lines that are parallel in one spot can end up intersecting somewhere else. tl;dr when you draw lines on a piece of paper its Euclidean when you draw lines on a globe its non-euclidean" ]

[ 248 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "emunn05", "emuolha", "emunx1j", "emutput" ]

[ "One answer is we only find pancreatic cancer after it has spread. Yes, a surgery can be properly curative but that is very uncommon." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e64hf8l" ]

[ "Think of the color part of the front of the eye like a scrunchie, and the pupil like a hand in the middle of it. As the fingers spread, the scrunchie stretches out. It becomes thinner, and the hand in the middle takes up a bigger amount of space, but the entire mass of the scrunchie is still there. In the same way, the color part of your eye (the iris) contracts and appears thinner when the pupil dilates. It's all still there, but it's squished outwards into a thinner ring as it's displaced." ]

[ 17 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gedvglu" ]

[ "Some things only happen during startup. To make it be different (that is, use the update), you have to go through the startup process again." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eadpvb8", "eadqegk" ]

[ "They don't. The greater the surface area in contact, the greater the friction (grip). Race cars have wide slick tires, rock climbing shoes have smooth soles. The problem is if it is wet then you get a layer of water between road and rubber so no contact and no grip." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ebr10nh" ]

[ "A fuse is an electrical component that protects a circuit against too much power going through. It's usually a glass tube with a thin wire passing through it, and when too much current goes through that wire, it melts. Once this happens, the power can't reach the circuit, and so it stops working, and the fuse is 'blown'. Quite a few devices that I've seen with fuses have it so they are very easy to replace by hand, so you would simply unscrew the blown fuse and insert a fresh one and everything should be back to normal. In most modern homes, they instead use a Circuit Breaker, which flicks a switch when the current is too much. To rectify this issue, you can just flip the which back." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dpujq21", "dpuk037" ]

[ "Photosynthesis (light) + CO2 That's the easy explanation. But really it's more complicated than this if you want to deep dive into the specifics." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "exnvll5", "exnx031" ]

[ "Caffeine is toxic to many species of insect, so quite a few plants have developed it separate from each other as a means of protecting themselves. So no not all related, just happened to find the same answer to stop themselves from being eaten so much. Like how some animals develop horns or antlers for protection, they're not all necessarily related either. :))" ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/04/science/how-caffeine-evolved-to-help-plants-survive-and-help-people-wake-up.html" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dcesnis", "dcfcjzu" ]

[ "*\"Necessity is the mother of invention...\"* Most criminals start small, very few go in for the big jobs straight off, and even then they usually only have small roles to play if they do. Simple skills like picking locks and pockets just take a little practice, and most people can be reasonably successful in a short period of time. Plus if that's the kind of life you live or the kind of people you associate with regularly, then like any muscle, you'll get better and can move onto bigger things. More skills are gained, old ones are improved, and you go from simple things like stealing cars or breaking into houses, to larger, more complex jobs like heists" ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dozh306" ]

[ "**Marxism** is a whole way of looking at history and sociology, as well as an economic system. Marxism expounds a \"materialist\" view of history, claiming that it is a society's productive capacity (ability to make things) and the control over that capacity that determines how society is organized, evolves, succeeds, or fails. Marxism from an economic and socio-political perspective can be (partially) summed up by: - history is defined as class struggle, with the owners of the means of production (factories, resources, etc), which are the fundamental shapers of society (according to the materialist interpretation of history mentioned above) exploit the working classes (the ones who actually produce) - this exploitation takes the form of taking the product of one's labor for someone else (e.g. the owner of the factory makes more money than the workers do) - under a purely \"Maxist\" system, the means of production would be owned by the people who do the producing, organized as a democratic collective that would decide on their own how to use the means of production, and which would collectively reap all of the benefits of that production - Society should be organized in such a way that \"from each according to his ability, to each according to his need\" is achieved. - Humans are fundamentally equal in rights and deeds. - Private ownership of the means of production is to be avoided, but private ownership of other kinds of property is generally okay. Marxism called the final end goal \"Communism\", and the intermediate goal \"Socialism\". It's important to note that classical Marxism viewed the end goal (Communism) as essentially *stateless*. The common conception of Communism as \"totalitarian\" or a \"dictatorship\" is due to how horribly the various Socialist states (the USSR, etc) ended up being, but there's no real place for that in Marxism. **Leninism** is an idea of how to achieve Marxism. There were and are many alternative theories (e.g. Trotskyism, Luxemburgism, Social Democracy...). The common \"Totalitarian\" and \"Communist Party\" tropes of Communism arise from Leninism. Leninism states that the best way to get to Communism is by way of a \"Vanguard Party\" whose membership is open only to workers. Workers, in Leninism, are the sole source of authority because they are the ones who produce things (and, under Marxism, production is the primary shaper of society). Since the \"Vanguard Party\" of Leninism is made up of only workers, and since workers are the sole source of authority, then, by definition (in Leninism), the Vanguard Party is the sole legitimate user of power. So it's important to note that \"Leninism\" and \"Marxism\" are not synonymous. Leninism is just one idea of how to achieve Socialism, not the only way. **Stalinism** is a much less well-defined system that basically boiled down to \"whatever Stalin wanted.\" It had a couple of points that were of more general applicability, mostly related to how Socialism could be established one country at a time rather than all-at-once, plus that industrialization was a critically important goal....but mostly it was a made up term so that Stalin could place himself into the same ranks as Lenin and Marx by having \"his own\" philosophy. You see that today in places like North Korea, where they started out as Marxist-Leninist, then became Marxist-Leninist-Kimilsungist, then just Kimilsungist-Kimjongilist, etc. The Kimisms were mostly just cobbled together philosophies designed to make it appear that the Kim family is in the same philosophical league as Marx. **TL;DR**: Marxism is a philosophical outlook that describes a mechanism of looking at history and sociology, and promotes the idea of Socialism and eventually stateless Communism are nigh-inevitable end states of humanity. Leninism is one of many ideas of how to make that happen. Stalinism is one guy's attempt to make himself sound as if he was as grand a thinker as Marx." ]

[ 30 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dcor2lv" ]

[ "They're an influencer and important person. It's the same as a big corporation paying a musician or comedian to perform at an event. Politicians are allegedly smart and well informed individuals. The speeches are intended to impart some form of advice or knowledge to the attendees as well as lend a certain celebrity to an event. Now, for a more insidious take, a politician is generally a well connected individual, thereby paying them vast amounts of money a corporation may be able to exert influence on policy and so forth." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eab6b1d" ]

[ "The Earth has a magnetic field (is a magnet). The magnetic field extends into space and forms, roughly, a sphere of space around the Earth where it's strong enough that you can \"feel\" it (with objects made of iron, which are affected by magnets). The Sun constantly spits out charged particles (this is called the solar wind), and the Earth's magnetic field diverts these particles so they don't reach the planet. [Like this]( URL_0 )." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [ "https://image.slidesharecdn.com/magnetandmagnetism-170329065924/95/magnet-and-magnetism-1-638.jpg?cb=1490770946" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g6xsfe4", "g6z8c3u" ]

[ "Thorium reactor waste has shorter-lived isotopes, there's a lot more Th-232 around than U-235 since it's stable and making a nuclear bomb is harder from the isotopes in thorium cycle. > Can we not hypothetically throw neutrons at the waste until it transforms into an isotope with a shorter half life? No, because throwing neutrons in will also result stable atoms to turn to radioactive isotopes at the same time." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dvuq5l8" ]

[ "It's not an April Fool's thing, it's a real thing. First, the [resolution of a telescope]( URL_2 ) is a function of the wavelength you're looking at and the diameter of the objective. However, you can increase the effective diameter of your objective through a technique called [aperture synthesis,]( URL_1 ) the development of which led to the [1974 Nobel Prize in Physics.]( URL_0 ) I wasn't aware of a project that created an aperture roughly equal to the diameter of the Earth, but I'm not terribly surprised someone managed that by now. It was probably an amazing technical feat, but the theory behind it is pretty conventional by now." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [ "https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1974/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperture_synthesis", "https://spacemath.gsfc.nasa.gov/moon/6Page50.pdf" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e4h5mks" ]

[ "If the point of sale is in a foreign country it is tabulated as an export as a matter of accounting. An export is just a good or service bought by someone in another country. It is not fundamentally different from someone buying a car, investment advice, or anything else from a vendor in another country." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ekgu572", "ekgufgs" ]

[ "Basically what Einstein discovered is that not everything moves through time at the same rate and, in fact, your motion \"through time\" is related to your motion through space such that the faster you move through one, the slower you move through the other. This is why an observer of a moving object will perceive the moving object as \"aging\" more slowly than the observer. A way to (roughly) visualize this is to have a graph with x-axis and y-axis representing movement through space and movement through time (respectively). Grab a string and pin one end at the origin, fixed. You can then move the other end around freely, but it'll always be a fixed distance from the origin. If you point the string straight up, that's maximum movement through space and minimal (zero) movement through time. If you point the string straight to the right, that's maximum movement through time and minimal (zero) movement through space. Most things are very nearly, but not quite all the way, pointed to the right. Another consequence of Einstein's discovery is that things without mass are basically forced to move as fast as possible through space, representing the string pointing straight up. They do not \"age\" and are going at maximum possible speed through space. This speed is what we call the speed of light. It really doesn't have anything to do with light specifically, as any massless particle will travel at this speed. It's just light is readily available, easy to experiment with, and the first thing discovered to be moving this speed. The seemingly random or arbitrary value is simply because we developed our units of measure before discovering this speed. They weren't designed with this maximum value in mind." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgm4h1m", "dgm6wlf" ]

[ "Speed and size. By speed I mean how fast can the cache give you data you want (aka latency). Size is tied to the speed of the cache, the smaller the cache is the faster it can give you the data. That is the main tradeof. You want the cache fast (small) but you want to be able to store a lot of data (slow). The smart guys making computers figured out that having multiple caches of increasing size is optimal. Example. CPU wants data, asks the L1 cache for it, L1 is small and therefore fast to look up the data and gives it to the CPU. CPU wants another data so asks L1 again, but this time L1 doesn't have the data. L1 is too small (because it needs to be fast) so the data was deleted to free space. So the request goes level up to the L2 cache. L2 is bigger (that also means slower) so it can hold more data and there is higher chance it has the data CPU needs. In case L2 doesn't have it, L3 is searched (even bigger and even slower). If even L3 doesn't have it, the RAM is accessed (this takes ages from computers perspective compared to looking the data up in the caches)." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "erns0tk" ]

[ "Your concerns are valid about baking. At reasonable temperatures, silicone won’t create an issue, but at around 300F, siloxane can transfer to food, and just before 400F, it can start releasing formaldehyde (although the amount is not a huge concern). Silicone is still better than non-stock bakeware, but glass, ceramic, and cast iron are the safe options." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dh4uh9s" ]

[ "It's a combination of surface area and speed. Water cannot be compromised, so it has to get out of the way when anything hits it, and the larger the object, the more sluggish the water is, providing more resistance. At speed, water can be as hard as concrete, so a fast moving object will bounce or break (depending) when hitting it. That is also the reason why a belly-flop into a swimming pool hurts. A flat, spinning stone, thrown at an angle of about 20° will skip the farthest across water." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dmn3o08", "dmmx2aq" ]

[ "I just spent a good deal of time researching hurricanes on this particular question. I'm an amateur, and I have an amateur's understanding. That being said, here goes: Hurricanes would occur in the Atlantic even without climate change. There have been many bad ones before this modern age, including the Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900, which was Category 4 when it made landfall - it killed between 6000 and 12,000 people. So hurricanes themselves are not caused by climate change. A basic explanation of hurricanes is that they are an area of low pressure which draws wind towards it. As that wind goes towards this center area, it picks up moisture from the ocean water. The warmer this ocean water is, the more moisture enters the air through evaporation. As I was reading about tropical cyclones, I learned about the concept of a [Carnot heat engine,]( URL_2 ) which is the basic reason why hurricanes gather strength. Basically, the heat and moisture gained from the warm water via winds increases the magnitude and size of the storm and therefore creates a feedback loop in which the larger, stronger storm gathers more heat and energy when it is over warm water. So, we've hit on a major point here - heat fuels the storm. It doesn't take a climate scientist (that's good!) to realize that climate change would have an impact on these storms. Hurricanes need water that is 80F and above to grow. See from [this chart]( URL_3 ) the average temperatures of water in and around Florida's West Coast and understand why the hurricane season is from late spring to late fall. We can see from that chart above that this 80F mark is hit in May and held until October. Right now, the water in Key West is 86F, far above what a hurricane needs to fuel itself. Climate change mentions ocean temperatures a lot. If the ocean is warmer for longer, then hurricanes have better conditions in which to form, grow, and survive after hitting land. Both hurricanes [Katrina]( URL_0 ) and [Wilma]( URL_1 ) hit land and then regained strength in the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico. For the United States, this will continue to be a problem as storms break through the Caribbean Islands with enough force to remain intact and continue gathering strength before inevitably hitting the mainland of the country. Obviously, warmer Atlantic waters will also fuel hurricanes earlier in their lives to where the storm hits the Caribbean Islands with greater strength and size. TL;DR - Heat fuels hurricanes, and warmer oceans have more heat. Stronger hurricanes survive for longer and have more potential to hit the US mainland." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Wilma", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot_heat_engine", "http://www.beachhunter.net/thingstoknow/gulfwatertemp/index.htm" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eesddli" ]

[ "Short answer: Housing bubble Long answer: Banks were eager to give loans to as many people as possible to buy homes. That includes people who weren't a good risk. But, they didn't really care about the risk because they would turn around and immediately resell those loans to eager investors who wanted the perceived reliability of mortgages. But, because of the lack of controls on who was being given mortgages these weren't the safe investments that they appeared to be. This all became a huge problem when lots of financial institutions were betting a ton of money in the housing market. They never expected housing to go down so they bet way more than they would in any other market. When the bubble finally burst, lots of banks and insurance companies were heavily leveraged and suddenly owed more money than they could pay. The banks all freaked out and went into survival mode and stopped lending money, even to each other. Without loans flowing through the economy, a lot of normal activity just stopped. This ended up affecting pretty much everyone, at all levels. For a better explanation I highly recommend the movie The Big Short." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "euai6ks", "euagzsu" ]

[ "The aircraft he was flying was a rocket powered X-15, which was actually capable of (suborbital) spaceflight. On this particular flight he \"only\" reached an altitude of 207,500 feet which is not really in space but is above like 99% of the earth's atmosphere. He had the nose of the aircraft pitched up as it got back down to an altitude where the air was thick enough to produce significant amounts of lift and it \"bounced\" back to an altitude where the regular flight controls wouldn't any effect. He realized that he had overshot the runway at this point but he couldn't really do anything about it until the aircraft descended back into the thick part of the atmosphere again." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "de7sjhp", "de7uak7" ]

[ "You can get HSV-1 from sharing a drink or common things like that. You generally get HSV-2 from sexual contact. From a social perspective, getting a disease from an everyday activity is fine, but getting a disease from sexual activity is your fault for being loose." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgqnu7y", "dgqq7z9" ]

[ "Failure to innovate/acquire innovation is a big one. It stopped them from being relevant. Also, add on to the fact that they had a series of data breaches that didn't sit well with their consumers caused a huge backlash against them. I think they also went into \"the board is right\" scenario where cost cutting became the number 1 focus instead of growing the business, which cost Yahoo a lot in terms of customers/innovation. It's a common theme actually. Companies that fail to innovate and become obsolete/irrelevant to their customers usually fall fast and get acquired or fail completely. It's essentially a downward spiral. As consumer use wanes, company panics and tries to innovate. Innovation doesn't work (not relevant or too slow) and those with good ideas leave to go elsewhere. Company starts making cost cutting as way to save face with investors, which leaves little room for innovation. Innovation suffers even more or completely stops and sends the company into a further downward spiral as new competitors emerge and pick up where the company lacks. Eventually, the company starts trying to stem the bleeding by doing a last ditch innovation effort, but due to lack of funding, data, and man power to do it right, the innovation is pushed forward and flops horribly. The cost cutting goes to extreme measures where mass lay-offs start happening and a skeleton crew of workers are tasked with performing 4 different jobs. During all of this, senior leadership changes hands at least 3-4 times in a short amount of time (usually within 5 years). The board of directors preps the company for sale/bankruptcy and starts liquidating assets, hoping to get some money back from their failed investment. This is exactly what happened to Yahoo." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_portal", "https://media3.s-nbcnews.com/j/streams/2013/February/130220/1C6092950-rosagolijan7D1E9A0F-0033-4B67-A0DB-07638E4A1597.today-inline-large.jpg" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f8ay361", "f8avyvu", "f8bfz93", "f8avso3", "f8b5r59", "f8axhxd", "f8bt0bf" ]

[ "The theater I work at gets sata hard drives from the distribution company that all the studios work with. There is only two companies in the US that we get flims from that I know of. Those hard drives can have multiple versions of the movie on them ranging from your standard 2D to 3D and also 5.1 sound and 7.1 sound. I've seen one hard drive for a kids movie contain 10 versions the movie. I've seen some movies take 200 GBs of hard drive space. Just a little bit of info from my experience working at a theater." ]

[ 111 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Package#cite_note-Cinepedia-3", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Package#cite_note-4", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Package#cite_note-1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_Exchange_Format", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_stream", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essence_(media)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG_2000", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_cinema", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Package#cite_note-2" ], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fhv2r36", "fhv5ntl", "fhv5wlc" ]

[ "The paper cups have a wax or plastic lining that prevents liquids from soaking the paper. Paper straws don’t have this lining and get saturated fairly quickly." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e59bet6", "e59hzie" ]

[ "Because your turning wheels are only at the front of your car. As your back wheels get where they need to be while reversing you can turn your front end in. Otherwise you would need to drive onto the curb or much farther ahead to drag your back wheels into the parking space. It’s not that you can’t do it forwards you just need less space while reversing." ]

[ 91 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "evaoswa", "evarpj5" ]

[ "some pills do that. See: the gummy one a days. but generally, it's easier for people to understand to take one pill once a day than two once a day, even if it's little uncomfortable." ]

[ 14 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dmsgufv", "dmsexk4", "dmsfmia", "dmsk1bs" ]

[ "Because elevators are made of metal, which block electromagnetic signals, when you are fully enclosed. It's called a [faraday cage]( URL_0 ). Click the link for a non-ELI5 details." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_cage" ], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "efqv8d7" ]

[ "There's always a warmer and a cooler season, and there's accompanying variance in precipitation. So, farmers and gardeners will plan accordingly, growing different plants depending on the season. They just have a much longer growing season compared to, say, Canada." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gyu57wk" ]

[ "They're \"interesting\" because they have a property which people have found interesting. Math is more than just what can be applied to the real world. In fact, many people prefer math that has no application to the real world. Basically, they are divisible by the sum of their digits, which doesn't appear to be very common. So finding and testing for them is a minor challenge people have found interesting." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dmihoiq", "dmihrtb" ]

[ "There are two layers of windows with a gap between them, providing insulation so the coldness outside the plane doesn't transfer to the inside layer. There are also dehumidifying air scrubbers for the air in the plane." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_control_system_(aircraft)" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e8wq7ai", "e8wpq4p", "e8xblur" ]

[ "It's when someone is disabled, and people who aren't disabled treat them as less of a human being because of it. This can be something as simple as neglect: say Bob is like \"wtf why do we need to put an elevator in the building, why can't people just use stairs\". People who don't have any legs can't use stairs, Bob. Bob isn't actually hating on disabled people. But his building plan ignores the different needs that disabled people have. If he went ahead with it, some guy in a wheelchair would be trying to get like a real estate deal or whatever from Bob's business, and fail because he can't roll a wheelchair up 5 flights of stairs. Sometimes, ableism is more action than inaction. Dale has a problem with his brain - certain environmental stimuli make his brain flip the fuck out, and when his brain is done flipping out, Dale is absolutely exhausted. He's got epilepsy. Some teenagers hold contempt for Dale, and try and trick him into watching things that will set off an epileptic episode. They get a thrill from triggering his condition like this, and then saying \"hashtag triggered\" like Dale's brain condition was a white girl at starbucks. Those teenagers are being ableist. When people assert things are \"ableist\", they're saying that said thing makes disabled people feel like less than people. The examples I've given are hopefully pretty clear cut. Real life examples may be more complex and less well defined. Lastly; if someone is getting worked up 'on behalf' of a disabled person, they are saying \"I think this would make a disabled person feel like less of a person\". Some people that do this never bother asking any disabled person if this is the case, and those people are assholes." ]

[ 23 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eyy0ue1" ]

[ "dried sweat and small skin particles (we all shed them). clean with rubbing alcohol, windex, etc. Chlorin will likely discolor the pad." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "frqz9vl" ]

[ "Basically it's a giant network of devices connected, identified by an IP number for the other networks, and a MAC direction for the same network devices, also, every device has a route table to choose what's the next jump avaliable to send the messages for reaching the destination. This is a ultra simplified, there are a bunch of devices that act in different ways and protocols that has their use, for example there are protocols for getting the IP of a web, protocols depending on the type of network you are, dynamic protocols for updating the route tables, and a long etc" ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "etfxkht" ]

[ "Because adrenalin is a fight or flight hormone. Say person A is involved in a crazy fight with a rabid animal, that instance their focus will be either on escaping or standing and fighting that animal. If by any chance A gets wounded, their focus still won't be on that wound/pain because what's needed that minute is for them to handle the attack of the animal. So adrenaline takes over during an emergency situation. Effects of our own bodily manufactured painkillers like endorphin will take a bit more time to come into play due to the nerve relay of pain taking some time." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dhwsveo" ]

[ "Yeah they do. Basically certain problems that we only know how to solve by brute force, ie guessing an answer and running calculations to see if it's correct. This is only really possible nowadays with computers that are very good at doing these repetitive tasks very quickly. Folding@home for example uses your PC power to simulate the folding of proteins. One of the objectives is to understand the mechanism of this, so that they can understand protein misfolding and hopefully help prevent diseases like Alzheimer's. SETI I believe uses the processing power to perform signal analysis on all the noise they pickup from outerspace. In this case there's just so much data that you need a lot of processing power to do a detailed analysis." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e1fcxwm", "e1fdu56", "e1fcstn" ]

[ "Basically donated red blood cells have a limited shelf life (~42 days) so supply constantly needs to be refreshed. Also, donated blood is used for many many purposes, from using only the plasma or platelets to whole blood transfers. So it's always in need. A recipient may need quite a lot so it's not 1:1." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "frkdaz6" ]

[ "CRTs make pictures by shooting a little beam of stuff at the screen, basically little bullets of energy. When it hits the screen, chemicals on the screen light up. Unfortunately we can't move the little gun that shoots this stuff. But what we figured out is we can use magnets to move the \"bullets\" around so they hit all of the screen and make it all light up. When you turn off the TV, these magnets also get turned off, but the gun keeps shooting for a bit. Since there's no magnets to move the bullets around they just hit the center of the screen" ]

[ 14 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dlnes9p" ]

[ "$$$$$$$$$$$ Same reason apple uses its own cords. You have to buy them from the company that makes the laptop." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gsscoaq" ]

[ "Growing lights are just designed in a way to deliver the maximum amount of light that specifically plants can use (they don’t use all light frequencies equally, e.g. they don’t use green light, they reflect it back, which is what makes them look green) with the minimum amount of electric power. Seeing that growing lights can be kept on for hours and days on end, they can rack up quite a bill." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]