Datasets:

mNLP-project

/

gpt2-finetuning

like 0

[ "ed846nh", "ed84we8" ]

[ "Quaternions store 3D rotations in axis-angle form. So they contain an 3D axis and an angle around this axis. Quaternions are represented as 4D XYZW (or WXYZ) vectors, where XYZ is the axis and W is cos(angle * 0.5). They have many advantages over other rotation representation: they do not gimbal lock, they are fairly efficient to compute and can be made unique (so that there is only one representation for any rotation)." ]

[ 3 ]

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[ "e2i53xx" ]

[ "As a rule, planes take off and land into the wind. This means the speed over the ground is lower. Air is very much like a river. If you are swimming up the current, you are traveling slower in relation to the shore. Going with the current, you travel much faster. In both cases you are swimming at the same speed through the water." ]

[ 8 ]

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[ "ecq5t9n", "ecq8ue6", "ecq5vxb", "ecqlfne", "ecqpkcr" ]

[ "So this is how I understand it which could be wrong and if so someone let me know. A solar roof cost more upfront to build than an normal one but a normal roof isnt doing anything after words. A solar roof is making and storing electricity and depending where you live you are either getting paid by the state for that energy or you are using that energy yourself saving money on your bill. So in the long run you get money back from the solar roof" ]

[ 46 ]

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[ "gsk9ovd" ]

[ "[Based on this answer in stack overflow]( URL_0 ) They're both essentially just a part of the GPU that is really good at a certain type of calculation. CUDA cores are good at multiplying two numbers and adding it to another number. Meanwhile, a tensor core is specialized in doing the same but with 4x4 matrices instead. Both of these types of calculations are heavily involved in rendering traditional raster graphics. They also happen to be very useful in machine learning, which is why you'll often see GPU used for AI" ]

[ 15 ]

[ [ "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47335027/what-is-the-difference-between-cuda-vs-tensor-cores" ] ]

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[ "gg9eqww", "gg9h4no" ]

[ "As far as I know the idea is that as technology progresses and reduces the amount of actual work that is necessary for humans as a whole to do, humanity should have to work less in general instead of everyone still being expected to find needless shit to do in order to validate our existence." ]

[ 7 ]

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[ "ep87q89", "ep88u9h", "ep88f2k" ]

[ "It is essential a biological burn bandage. The fluid is sterile and the bubble keeps everything else out. Burns need to replace the damaged skin which is what keeps bad stuff out. So the bubble and liquid makes a clean environment to regrow the burned skin. Now that that’s taken care of. Do not pop blisters unless absolutely necessary. If you or it pops by itself do not remove the skin bubble. Without the liquid it is not sterile but the skin flap is much better than nothing just put a bandaid or bandage over it." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

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[ "gxn1y2k", "gxn7r6j" ]

[ "Quality control. Stuff on the black market is ofc uncontrolled and therefore often cut with cheaper drugs (amphetamine, meth, caffeine...) or filler material. Also, harmful contamination is more likely. Same with any other drug that's used both in healthcare and as a recreational black-market drug. It's basically moonshine vs. store-bought booze. The same if made properly, but one has more risk to not be up to standard." ]

[ 9 ]

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[ "dc4pt3v" ]

[ "Tears come out of your eyes because when you yawn you're flexing the muscles near your tear ducts. You're essentially squeezing the tears out. Nobody's sure why exactly that happens, but some have suggested it's because your eyes tend to get dry when you're tired. Yawning relubricates them for you. Interesting fact: the composition of yawn tears is different than that of sad tears, and happy tears are different than those!" ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "ely8u5k", "ely8zhk" ]

[ "Back in the days of MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) those characters were used in the command line for telling the system what to do. Changing a to a tree in the directory was something like 'cd c:\\Reddit Been a long time, but that's close." ]

[ 6 ]

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[ "e489cs0", "e489242", "e4891de", "e48br8n" ]

[ "As for why it’s not a tsunami, it comes down to cause. A tsunami is caused by a disturbance (earthquake, landslide, an aging Marlon Brando diving into the Atlantic, etc), whereas other waves are formed by more predictable processes (wind, tides, currents). Iirc, the power and danger of a tsunami isn’t so much about the wave height as the wavelength. The energy is behind it, not above it. It doesn’t have to be tall to be powerful because it just keeps pushing more and more water up and can force its way deep inland. Powerful tsunamis aren’t always the towering waves you see in movies, they’re just unrelenting waves that keep driving forward, wiping out everything in the way. They can be tall (over 100ft), but most are under 10ft. So while this wave is certainly tall and powerful, it doesn’t have the destructive force of a tsunami because the energy will dissipate as the wave crashes over, and it won’t run inland the way a tsunami might. Edit: I also forgot to mention speed - tsunamis can travel extremely fast (up to 500 mph, I believe) and can circle the globe multiple times before completely subsiding. The speed is a huge factor in the danger level because they can reach land before there’s adequate time to warn people or act." ]

[ 37 ]

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[ "dmrtysm" ]

[ "They are not lying on top of each other, at least in the US. A plot here normally has 6 inches to a foot on each side of it to separate it from the other plots, but some older cemeteries which were dug by hand have a larger buffer. Land is expensive so they make the plots as small as they possibly can in order to sell as many as possible." ]

[ 9 ]

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[ "dv1mfo2", "dv20qph" ]

[ "It is the belief that God controls all thing to such a minute detail that there is no free will. Those that God decides will go to heaven will always go to heaven and everyone else will go to hell. It does not matter how bad you are as a chosen person, and it does not matter how good you are as an unchosen you cannot change your destiny." ]

[ 4 ]

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[ "djjqdc6", "djjq7m9", "djjq7eq" ]

[ "\"I was entrapped\" is the constant refrain of every one who has been caught for a crime by an undercover officer. [This webcomic chapter goes over it in good detail]( URL_0 ),but to summarise: entrapment is a very specific thing. For it to be entrapment: i) the government has to make you commit a crime that ii) you wouldn't have committed otherwise. What this generally means is that the government has to overcome your own will to not commit a crime, and convince you to commit a crime. Let's take a classic sting: an undercover cop poses as a drug dealer. A potential customer comes up, offers $20 for some meth. The cop says yes, the exchange happens...and the customer gets arrested. Did the government make the buyer commit the crime? No, of course not. They didn't solicit him. They didn't badger him. He approached what he thought was a drug dealer of his own free will. Would the customer have committed the crime otherwise? Of course. If the drug dealer hadn't been an undercover cop then the customer would have bought his drugs and happily been on his way. Now, let's change it up. The undercover cop approaches someone and says, \"Hey, want some meth? Gimme 20 bucks.\" The person approached says 'no', and tries to leave, but the undercover cop follows them and keeps pestering them. Eventually, out of frustration, the person approached throws $20 at the cop and tries to leave. If he's arrested for buying drugs, then he may well have an entrapment defence. After all, it seems like the government actually *made* him commit a crime, and it doesn't seem like he'd have tried to buy meth if it wasn't for the undercover cop. As to you second point: the police can break the law if they need to to investigate/arrest criminals. There are limits, of course, but you can get permission for a law enforcement officer to do things like possess drugs, solicit a prostitute, etc. and not be prosecuted for it. Of course it's not fair to the criminal, but, then again, the whole point is to catch the criminals. So long as the trick isn't a violation of their rights, then it's fair game." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [ "http://lawcomic.net/guide/?p=633" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

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[ "fuxgwg6", "fuxncy3", "fuyibx1", "fuxxk9x", "fuyfdsn" ]

[ "It's called the bathtub effect, because of the shape of the graph of what part of the word we are most likely to recall. There is a greater likelihood to recall the first part of the word, less likelihood of recalling the middle part and again a high likelihood of recalling the last part. It happens because that's how we store visual information about the words. See how you asked about the \"first letter\", implying that you are as well.asking about the written and printed letters and not the sound. We commit to our brain the initial and last parts of a word better than the middle parts. This helps us in reading fast. You look at the first part and the last part of the word, which are easy to identify because of the surrounding white space before and after the word. The middle of the word is what you just \"fill in\" from context. You don't really read the middle part. It is this reason why it is esay for you to raed tihs setnece even though it wasn't all written correctly. Did you notice the spelling mistakes in the previous sentence? Did you manage to read it nevertheless? Mavrellous!" ]

[ 95 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_word_form_area", "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633207/#S18title" ], [] ]

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[ "dq0cnye", "dq0jykg" ]

[ "Tones work together best if you can make a ratio of small numbers from the two frequencies, say 2/3 or 3/4. However, you cannot divide an octave into multiple equal steps and have any such ratios in there, because roots of 2 tend to be irrational. So for any instrument tuned to a particular key, semitones are not equal steps, but merely close to equal, with the intervals in the key's most common chords set to clean ratios. That means the instrument will be off if you play in another key, so for perfect results, you would need to re-tune it for another key. Since a piano has no preferred key (unless you count the all-whites C/a) and takes a lot of effort to tune, you need to make compromises which will keep it from being perfectly in tune for any given key." ]

[ 11 ]

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[ "dtgj09h", "dtgj0op" ]

[ "There are a bunch of different issues here. The first and easiest to dismiss is that the sections of CAATSA in question read \"the President shall impose the sanctions described in... with respect to any with respect to any person that the President determines...\" So the President can just say that he has not determined that those individuals have acted in the described manner. But even if Congress rewords the legislation that doesn't solve the problem because this is a deeper and reasonably common separation of powers issue. Congress has the power to legislate, but it has no authority to enforce its own laws. The President has the opposite power - he can enforce laws but can't create them. This is complicated by the fact that the President does have powers that are exclusive to him - for example, most of the power to conduct foreign relations is exclusive to the President and so he doesn't *generally* need congressional authorization to carry out his foreign policy. If this case went to court the delineation of presidential vs congressional power would be important, because Trump is claiming that the provisions in question also infringe on his exclusive constitutional powers - a claim that isn't clearly with or without merit. Which gets into how someone forces the President to enforce the law. A private citizen who is harmed due to the President refusing to enforce the law can file for what is called a \"Writ of Mandamus\" in Federal Court. If the court finds that the citizen is, in fact, harmed by the President's refusal to enforce the law then the court can order that the law be enforced, regardless of whether the President wants to do so or not. Congress is not an entity capable of filing for a writ of mandamus, but individual Representatives can - and in the past have. But the Supreme Court has been very clear that even though the granting of a writ of mandamus may otherwise be appropriate, the Federal Courts will not grant one when the only Plaintiff with standing for the writ is a Representative acting in their legislative capacity. This is due to the separation of powers issues raised as well as the fact that Congress has other, internal mechanisms to compel the President to enforce the law, such as conditioning funding for other programs on the law in question being enforced. See Riegle v. Federal Open Market Committee, 656 F.2d 873 (1981) for a more complete discussion on this. So the situation with CAATSA is this: Congress can't go to court to force the President to enforce the law and there is no way that a private citizen could ever have standing for a writ of mandamus here. And more broadly, no this isn't a constitutional crisis. Its just how the system works - *generally speaking* Congress has the power to make laws; but it can't enforce them. Conversely, the President can choose to enforce all, some, or none of the laws that Congress passes - but *generally speaking* he can't do anything unless Congress authorizes him to." ]

[ 28 ]

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[ "ff2gk02", "ff2bj1c" ]

[ "As Im qualified in the UK, I will only cover the topic in English Law. (i believe the equivalent in US law is called \"detrimental reliance\") Estoppel is when someone is \"stopped\" from going back on a promise. Now promises are usually not legally binding, so people can go back on them all the time. Only a certain type of promise is legally binding, and these kind of promises are called contracts, or agreements. Estoppel is a way of making a promise legally binding, even though it isnt a contract. --- Let's look at an example. One of the types of estoppel is \"promissory estoppel\". In the landmark case of *Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd* [1947] KB130, we have a landlord and a tenant. They enter a contract where the tenant rents housing from the landlord at a certain rent. Then WWII starts and this causes a depression in the housing market. The tenant is no longer able to afford to pay rent, and asks the landlord to allow them to pay less rent for the duration of the contract. The landlord agrees to this Now under english law, a contract can only be changed if a both parties receive a benefit out of the change (the \"passing of consideration\"). Since the landlord didnt actually receive any benefit from this new agreement, under english law the original rent rates are due. Because of this, when the war is over the landlord sues the tenant for the original, higher, rent. Now we all know this is pretty unfair. But the law is the law. So good old Lord Denning, perhaps the most celebrated judge in English History did what he did best: change the law in the interests of justice. He said that where one party makes a promise to another, and the other party acts undergoes some sort of detriment in reliance to this promise, then the first party will be forced to uphold his promise. Here, there was a promise to lower rent, and not enforce the legal right to charge a higher rent, the tenant acted in reliance to this promise (by agreeing to continue leasing the property), and suffered some sort of detriment (by giving up the opportunity to find cheaper, more affordable property to rent) As such, the landlord was \"estopped\" from enforcing his legal right to charge the original rent." ]

[ 4 ]

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[ "ezhb3qp", "ezhc3hr" ]

[ "In your example, it's the same thing. Sugars are carbohydrates but not all carbohydrates are sugars." ]

[ 6 ]

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[ "fs5t2u8", "fs5s9bk", "fs6et8e", "fs6m0nr" ]

[ "To answer your question, we'd have to know exactly how the brain works, and how awareness and thoughts are achieved, and unfortunately we don't really. Neurons are interconnected and fire, transmitting pulses to each other, etc., but there's a big gap of knowledge going from that to \"awareness.\" If you look at research and scientific articles on how the brain works, we've identified areas of the brain that are responsible for various things (vision, hearing, thought, emotions, etc.), but that's kinda like \"Hey, this area at the front of the car must be responsible for why the wheel spin when you push the gas pedal.\" So yeah, it's likely that some people are born smart. But it's not just that. [Children go through stages of development]( URL_0 ), and extensive research points out that the first few months and years are extremely important for a child's progress; the brain is very hungry for information and the baby progresses in \"intelligence and awareness levels\" (being able to recognize themselves in a mirror, learning languages, learning to lie / think logically / etc., learning emotions and how to deal with them). There's a lot of \"training of the brain\" going on, and parents, grandparents, and other caretakers play a huge role in it. And then you never stop learning. You always study, learn, and exercise your brainpower, thus improving it. So ultimately it's not all \"natural\", its also very much \"trained\"." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [ "https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html" ], [], [], [] ]

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[ "eh0dylr" ]

[ "It’s not because of the conditioning, There is a mind-body connection that is real, involving the vagus nerve and stress response. You can read more about this here : URL_0" ]

[ 5 ]

[ [ "https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-causes-chest-pains/" ] ]

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[ "egnfbv2", "egnhdf4" ]

[ "Its because of the multiple angles that the light passes through means it gets refracted so much that a clear image through it is not possible but the light remains white to the eye. Translucency is when the light passing through the object is barely impeded, hence see-through." ]

[ 10 ]

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[ "glrbuun" ]

[ "The hissing and spluttering is the [leidenfrost effect]( URL_0 ). Once the metal has transferred enough heat into the water that it can't sustain the leidenfrost effect, it stops occurring in that location. Other areas of the pot might be comparatively hotter still. The reason it happens in various locations is because conduction through the pot material isn't instantaneous. The cooling effect caused by the water occurs more rapidly than heat from the other side of the pot can conduct through the metal to keep the pot at a uniform temperature. You're creating a \"cool\" spot while the rest of the pot is still super hot. Slosh some water up the opposite edge of the pot and the effect occurs again. It occurs with other materials. All of my cookware is titanium and it'll do this as well. You'll notice it in thinner pots because there just isn't that much material there for thermal mass and the cross section is small enough that conduction doesn't happen that quickly. A heavy cast iron pot will be more uniform but with a super thin steel pot you'll get little spurts of hissing as the water sloshes up to touch all the dry parts and then the effect no longer occurs because the pot has cooled too much." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leidenfrost_effect" ] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "dc4zjhv", "dc4xttn", "dc58mq4", "dc5e4xy", "dc4zm8c", "dc5cilv", "dc5ijbx", "dc5j7m6", "dc5j5lr", "dc5k1ab" ]

[ "What you may be refering to is the Pitch Tone of the message. High pitch notfication sounds are going to sound higher than lower pitch ones. When i get an amber alert, it uses a stock notfication sound not my normal one which is a higher pitch however it will not bypass my volume settings so that might be throwing you off Also phone speakers can go higher then what they are limited to, The reason makers lock it is because it begins to become distored and thats not good for business." ]

[ 204 ]

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[ "eglvcz0", "egltv2g", "eglvs36" ]

[ "It is your immune systems response to the peanuts. Your immune system has learned to identify peanuts as a harmful invader. When exposed to peanuts, various immune cells mount a response to neutralize/get rid of it. & #x200B; Some cells actually try and eat the proteins. Others degranulate, a chemical attack if you will. This degranulation leads to inflammation and dilation of blood vessels. This is why your asthma can get worse or an anaphylactic reaction can occur. The blood vessels in the lungs get bigger and this swelling, if you will, causes the airways to shrink and usually overproduce some mucous and fluid making it difficult to breathe. & #x200B; That's about as basic as I can get with such a complex topic. & #x200B; & #x200B; & #x200B; If you'd like to learn more search the internet for: type 1 hypersensitivity reaction Here is a link to a video. It is more complex than an ELI5 level but may be helpful. If you don't have reasonably strong grasp of biology just replace terms like interleukens with \"substances\" for your own understanding. [ URL_0 ]( URL_1 ) & #x200B;" ]

[ 6 ]

[ [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tmw9x2Ot\\_Q", "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tmw9x2Ot_Q" ], [], [] ]

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[ "fysrrbx" ]

[ "Well, as I have understood it we remember “awkward “ social encounters so vividly because we need to remember to not make the same mistake twice. When we lived on the savanna a social mistake that made it so that the pack left you meant death. So it is sort of a constant warning of do not do that again. Why it comes during bedtime could be a result of that it is among the only times during the day we have actual time to reflect and think about nothing. Giving our brain some much needed time to warn us. It should be said that today, in opposition to when we lived on the savanna, we are in far more of these situations as everything in our world is much more complex and the rules are many more. Something that is embarrassing for us and there for is seen as “dangerous “ by the brain would have not been a big deal to our ancestors. Social norms and behaviors are taught not instinctual. Whenever my brain comes with warnings about all of my many social failings I like to say to my brain “ thank you brain, but I don’t need your warnings right now” it sounds silly but it helps me." ]

[ 40 ]

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[ "didsq4r", "didvg6w", "didx0ti", "die5vxg", "diedvbi", "die3qg7" ]

[ "It tips the balance between spring melt and snow pack at the poles. The ice ends up melting more than can be replaced by snow/ice in the winter. Eventually, the water currently locked up at the poles in the form of ice would run into the oceans. Because the amount we're talking about, this would raise ocean levels world wide. Along with the availability of more waterfront property thanks to the rising oceans, the melt would also release the carbon dioxide currently trapped in the ice pack, further accelerating global warming. The cherry is that our weather is created by the energy found in warm ocean currents. More warm ocean currents (more water/warmer water) and the weather, specifically wind, get's a nice little nitro boost." ]

[ 42 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate_gun_hypothesis" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

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[ "ekurb6x" ]

[ "Brakes on an electric car work a bit differently than an internal combustion car. There is still a regular mechanical brake pedal, that works identically to what you're familiar with. This is used for fast braking, and to hold the car stopped on a slope. The regenerative braking happens whenever there isn't power supplied to the motor. What this means in practice is that when you're driving along at a steady speed and you decrease the pressure on the accelerator, it immediately starts to act as a brake. In a conventional car, you will start to slow down if you take your foot off the gas, but it will be more gradual, and mostly due to air resistance. In an electric car, it is a more dramatic effect. You end up driving almost entirely by manipulating the accelerator, and only use the actual brake pedal for emergency stopping." ]

[ 6 ]

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[ "dtb9q0q", "dtba0qe", "dtba3c4", "dtbchik" ]

[ "I would go with yes, as driving for 10+ hours can be rather exhausting as well, and all you're doing there is effectively sitting and moving your hands slightly every few minutes." ]

[ 11 ]

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[ "g8n5e5c", "g8n267x", "g8nxlcm" ]

[ "You're asking about assets like gold, but even without a gold standard, there's more to it than just an agreement to use fiat currency (your \"imaginary numbers\"). For example, U.S. dollars are backed by the faith and credit of the government. And this government is funded by the taxes paid by 350+ million people living in an enormous country with a wealth of natural resources. Part of that \"credit\" calculation is the knowledge that these physically tangible assets -- the people, the land, the guns, Disneyland, Yosemite, giant car factories, acres of corn -- all roll up to create an economy upon which you can base a fiat currency. Is there a gold standard? No. But saying it's all based on \"imaginary numbers\" is a colossal oversimplification." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

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[ "dqx5wz3", "dqxfdfg", "dqxhxka", "dqx5p82" ]

[ "There is no real difference between \"90% of the mass in the Universe is dark\" and \"Our current understanding of gravity is incomplete\". Dark Matter, that stuff with mass that we can't detect, is proposed as an extension to our understanding of gravity which would bring it into alignment with observation. It won't be an explanation until we find a way to observe and measure it. \"Undetectable dark matter\" wouldn't be science, as falsifiability is required for scientific subject matter." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

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[ "fys6cbq" ]

[ "Do you mean the old incandescent lights with the dead spot in the middle like this? URL_1 It's because the bulb is relatively weak and the light uses its reflectors to create a wide 'flood' pattern to illuminate as big of an area as possible. That dead spot in the middle is an area that the circular reflectors around the bulb miss because they're designed to spread the light around evenly. A lot of modern LED flashlights have the opposite problem, where their reflectors are set up so they output light in a pattern like this: URL_0 That's usually far too bright to be useful up close, but looks great in marketing materials where the manufacturers can claim their lights are powerful enough to illuminate things very far away. Ideally, for a light to be useful for the distances most people use a flashlight, you'd want something set up so the reflectors output an even light pattern. That usually means you'd have to pay a bit more to buy a light from a company that emphasizes more than just pure lumen output." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [ "https://imgur.com/Vr2FuKc", "https://imgur.com/aVSa5DV" ] ]

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[ "f1b240h", "f1b50lr" ]

[ "Because they’re being over cautious. When you’re pregnant there are plenty of medications and foods that you’re told to avoid. For instance, deli meat, raw meat, ibuprofen, alcohol, etc. But there’s also some myths, like the one that you can’t dye your hair while pregnant. But you 100% can, especially after the first trimester if you’re being extra cautious. That myth gives women the idea that products soak into their skin and hurt the baby. Which is why they ask about skin care. Women ask if they can paint their house, eat hot food, do sit ups, paint their nails, etc. Basically, there’s nothing in the world that matches a pregnant woman’s paranoia combined with their hormones lol. They just wanna be sure they aren’t going to inadvertently hurt their child doing something they thought was harmless. So they ask crazy questions." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "gjanbth", "gjana26", "gjaogce" ]

[ "Because, they're not always under water. Also they only sleep with half their brain, the other half takes care of swimming, surfacing to breath, etc." ]

[ 41 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

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[ "fbddaqg" ]

[ "Empty space does not suck. If you have a tiny space with nothing in it on Earth, air will rush in. This is because all the air behind it is pushing that air in. So why doesn't the atmosphere close to Earth push the upper layers of the atmosphere out into space? It's because gravity holds the atmosphere to the Earth. It's the same reason why you don't float into space." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [] ]

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[ "dc36xty" ]

[ "Animals can faint if their blood supply to the brain is disrupted, as it can occur in humans, such as by the heart not functioning properly. That being said, I'm not sure animal fainting would be especially noteworthy. The most newsworthy case, \"fainting goats\" and the like, aren't actually fainting, and even they only draw attention due to the repeatability and frequency of the situation. An animal collapsing is unlikely to draw much news, and may well be swiftly on the way to being a dead animal anyhow." ]

[ 4 ]

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[ "f4kpbko" ]

[ "In order to whistle, your lips need to be wet enough to form a seal big enough to force the air you're using to create sound through a smaller hole between your lips. This air escaping through a small hole is what creates sound. If your lips are completely dry, they can't make a seal and air slips out, making it impossible (or very hard) to whistle." ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "dftnh13", "dftoaf3", "dftylmz", "dfub93g", "dfu9rsp", "dfu9zqg" ]

[ "He was a child star in the 1960's in one of the most popular groups of the day (The Jackson Five), and as the world watched him grow up, he stayed popular by releasing popular songs. Some he wrote, some he did not. Thriller is consistently labeled as the greatest music video ever made. The Thriller album is the most sold album of all time. It happened to be my first cassette I got as a kid (I was 7 when Thriller came out). He was rarely controversial, his songs were a little bit racy, but under the radar compared to other artists around at the same time (see: Madonna)" ]

[ 24 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e7mypas" ]

[ "In the US, technically *anyone* can create and run a party to elect someone for president, governor, mayor, etc. However, there are two major parties which have been competing with each other for almost a century; the Republicans and the Democrats, and they're usually the two who get most of the votes. Generally, Republicans tend to be more right-leaning and conservative, whilst Democrats are more left-leaning and liberal. One Republican belief is that taxes should be the same for the rich and the poor, believing that letting the rich and upper-class have more money gives them more opportunity to create new jobs and boost the lower class. Democrats, on the other hand, believe that the rich should be taxed more than the poor, believing that allowing the lower-class access to more of their money will help equalize the classes. Republicans tend to oppose gun control laws, and strongly believe in the right to self-defense. Democrats believe in stricter gun control for the public, though they do believe that some people should have guns; like security or policemen. Republicans also tend to be against abortion and same-sex marriage, whilst Democrats tend to be in favor for them. Personally I strongly agree with the Republicans, though I do see the merit in some of the Democrats' beliefs." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dtogjdx", "dtod931", "dtouxss" ]

[ "Mechanical engineer here. Torque and HP are related but different things. Torque is rotational/twist force. Hug a telephone pole and try to rotate it with your body. Even though it doesn’t move, you are still applying a force to it. The force you are applying is the torque regardless whether it moves or not. Power is work accomplished over a period of time. Going back to the telephone pole example...you apply the torque to try to rotate it for 5 seconds, but it does not move. Since it does not move, there is no “work” accomplished. And no work accomplished means no power. When talking about cars, there can only be power when the output shaft is spinning. No spin, no work done. No work done, no power. Torque is the force that makes the shaft spin. Torque can exist without spin and therefore you can have torque without power. Torque starts the shaft spinning (the spin is the “work” being done and therefore the power) and torque keeps the shaft spinning (against internal and external frictions and other opposing forces trying to stop the spin) to keep work going. TL/DR: torque is rotation force. Rotation force spins shaft. Shaft spin is the “work” being done. Work done over amount of time is power. And a certain amount of work over a certain amount of time is 1 horsepower. That’s the best ELI5 I can do without going into units and maths. It’s probably closer to an ELI12," ]

[ 25 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gc535es" ]

[ "The word \"brown\" is actually much younger then the discovery of black people. The first written use of the word dates back to the 9th century but the first use of it for the color we now know as brows dates back to the 14th century. And English was one of the first languages that named that color as it is very common for the color to be named after coffee or chocolate which are based on plants from America. And because Europeans have always been interacting with natives in Africa they have been described as black and this term stuck even after the color brown got its own name. There are even viking accounts of African people describing them as blue. This was because the old Norse did not even have a word for black but used the term \"blue\" to describe any dark color. This is also why King Harold is described as having a blue tooth instead of the more common black tooth associated with bad hygene." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ejfc3im", "ejfcev7", "ejfh7u5" ]

[ "As you would probably have imagined, the dead twins body starts to flood the conjoined circulatory system with toxic waste and cause organ failure which would lead to death if not separated." ]

[ 21 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dnjrn41", "dnjrtxl", "dnjrw76" ]

[ "Because 0c is not the lowest possible temperature. If you use the Kelvin scale, which starts at absolute 0, then 10k (-263c) is twice as hot as 5k (-268c)." ]

[ 18 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/28atax/eli5_when_cooking_food_why_doesnt_doubling_the/", "https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1rwm6e/eli5_why_is_it_meaningless_to_say_if_it_is_20/", "https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/3v745x/eli5_why_is_50_degrees_fahrenheit_not_twice_as/", "https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/34o21l/eli5why_is_cooking_in_an_oven_at_150_degrees_for/" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dwro7zd" ]

[ "[Here's]( URL_0 ) an answer to a question about touch receptors that I think applies here as well: > The skin, like all organs, is continuously remodeling itself. As skin is stretched due to obesity, growth, edema, or muscle hypertrophy, there is a initially loss of concentration of sensory receptors on the surface. However, as the skin continues to remodel over time, nerve cells will put out more axons and generate more microscopic end organs to conform to the sensory profile of that particular region" ]

[ 4 ]

[ [ "https://www.quora.com/Do-obese-people-have-more-touch-receptors-than-non-overweight-people-Or-are-people-who-are-obese-less-sensitive-due-to-their-touch-receptors-being-spread-out-over-their-bodies-increased-skin-surface-area" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f9gcajw" ]

[ "Nowadays the most common way of autofocus measures the contrast (difference in brightness) between the pixels while shifting the lenses. Once the contrast value is as large as possible, you have a sharp picture. Another common way of autofocus is phase detection. This is a bit more complicated. The camera will look at two different spots within the picture and try to recognize similar patterns of light intensity. Then it tries to get them to overlap by moving the lenses. [This]( URL_0 ) picture from Wikipedia shows the general idea quite well. & #x200B; There are also other methods like measuring the distance using ultrasound, but these are far less common or outdated." ]

[ 18 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Autofocus_phase_detection.svg" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dfsamhw" ]

[ "> wouldn't it be advantageous for us to wait for you to give up and die of exhaustion and then pass the measure? No, there are rules in the Senate that a bill can only be on the floor for a certain amount of time. The point of the filibuster is to make that time run out, killing the bill (it would then have to start over from the beginning)." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dtljsgk" ]

[ "The U.S. Department of State offers five different career tracks for diplomats. An individual interested in becoming a diplomat must be a U.S. citizen and be between the ages of 20 and 59. A college degree is not necessary; however, possessing a college diploma and having the ability to speak a foreign language improves an individual's chances of being hired. [Source]( URL_0 )" ]

[ 4 ]

[ [ "https://study.com/articles/How_to_Become_a_Diplomat_Education_and_Career_Roadmap.html" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fmnsmsb", "fmnscwv", "fmnupx0", "fmntrjn" ]

[ "Batteries don't store electric charge. The electricity causes a chemical reaction to occur inside the battery which can later be reversed to create an electric charge. The chemical reaction is not instant and takes some time." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dn10tca", "dn0y4yy", "dn11mjx", "dn12sqc", "dn10qlk", "dn12ajv", "dn11opr", "dn125v5", "dn14c5l", "dn0ze79", "dn0ys04", "dn1356x", "dn13x5k", "dn126un", "dn115q7", "dn10zgw", "dn14gvv", "dn134pg", "dn13frd", "dn13ytw", "dn14c4h", "dn13zin" ]

[ "I actually did a paper on this a few years ago. In the US, lethal injection is used (partially) because they want it to be less mentally damaging to the spectators. There are sedatives that are less painful, but they cause the body to convulse and therefore it can be disturbing to the people who come to watch. Same idea with gunshots, it is hard to watch. Keep in mind, spectators usually include the families of the victims so they try to keep the mental trauma down as much as possible. Not saying this is the right or wrong method, but it is one of the reasons we use it in the US Also good to note is firing squad and even hanging are still options for executions in a few states. If I remember correctly one even still allows the electric chair. Edit 1:Spelling Edit 2: I wanted to further explain that the paper was an assignment specifically for lethal injection vs less painful drugs (such as overdosing on sleep aids) so there was no \"I don't believe in lethal injection\" out for the paper. Gas was not an option, but my guess would be (and this is 100% a guess so don't look too much into it) is in the US it is remeniscent of Hitler and the Nazis. Again, just a guess and not intended to offend anyone who asked about it. That's isn't a bad question. There is also a mentality in some areas of \"this death is your penalty, why should it be pleasant or easy for you.\" Also this paper simply focused on method, not whether the execution is right (I personally think it should only be used in extreme cases), whether spectators should be present (which I don't think they should be but I get why they would), or the morality of actions up to the execution(such as last meal). The only topic breeched about anything other than this method vs that method is that it is generally more expensive to execute someone via lethal injection than it is (generally) to incarcerate them for life." ]

[ 900 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://www.wired.com/2014/05/botched-executions-austin-sarat/" ], [], [], [], [ "https://vimeo.com/83750163" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dk0y1dl", "dk0xcmx", "dk17dbj", "dk0zdaf", "dk10hbv", "dk0viox" ]

[ "While the population of those two cities (and many other examples) seems on the smaller size on paper, that's because you're looking at the population of only the municipality proper. This is usually a smallish area that consists of the downtown/CBD and then older neighbourhoods around it, while not accounting for the continuous urban areas directly bordering it that all function as the same city. When you take that metropolitan area into account then the population of Boston is really 4.8 million and the population of Cincinnati is 2.1 million. Birmingham is the same way- the city itself is 1.1 million, the urban population is 2.4 million, and the metro population is 3.6 million. So these seemingly small cities with large skylines really aren't that small. The second thing to consider is the age of the cities. US cities developed later than cities in the UK- when the post war boom occurred, blocks and blocks of 50-75 year old buildings were levelled to build parking lots, office towers, and highways. The buildings that were demolished weren't considered historic enough to preserve and the skyscraper and automobile were the way of the future. Looking back now, demolishing all of those older buildings was a disaster as they provided a rich urban environment with active frontages, a diversity of uses, pedestrian friendly scale, etc. The UK's city centres are still mostly filled with that type of structure as they were considered old and historic enough to keep around in the post war era, and the allure of the automobile did not have quite as large of an impact (although it still left its mark in many ways, such as all of the Beeching cuts to railways in the 1960s). That brings me to my final point. While from far away mid-sized US cities may look bigger and more impressive than similarly sized UK and European counterparts, there is no question that in general they are not nearly as urban and vibrant. Those few blocks of office towers usually give way to very low density rather quickly, and are often surrounded by areas of parking lots, sports stadiums, and highway ramps. The office districts are busy during the day, but after 5 pm everyone goes home to the suburbs and downtowns become ghost towns. Certainly nowhere close to bustling. Mid-sized European cities are usually more consistently built up, just with lower buildings. There you will be find people at all hours of the day, working, shopping, living. This is slowly changing in the US as of late, but the planning ideals of building huge buildings in mid sized cities surrounded by a lot of nothing is something that severely impacted urban life in many places. Edit: a word" ]

[ 149 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_light" ], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth%E2%80%93Arlington_metroplex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_United_Kingdom" ], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fyvkk2l", "fyvkwo8" ]

[ "There are tree reasons why emulators are hard: * The instruction set of the console can be different. In this case the host machine simply doesn't understand instruction for the emulated console. This means that the target machine has to be powerful enough to translate *and run* the emulated software. Modern consoles use the same instruction set as modern PCs (x64), so it's not a problem anymore, except for the Switch. * Modern consoles are locked down in software and hardware. Console makers and game devs often don't want games to be easily emulated so they try to make it hard to run games on anything but the console. * Consoles have a slightly different architecture/capabilities than PCs^[1]. This is a **huge** problem when emulating, because the emulation system needs to detect that the emulated software is doing something that won't work on the host machine and find *some way* to make it work. This can be *enormously* expensive depending on what the missing capabilities are. ****** **[1]** For example: all currently available and planed consoles have unified memory: their CPU and the GPU read and write into the same memory. Most PCs simply can't do that." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "embt4sp", "embto74" ]

[ "When mass-produced shoes first came out originally they was no standard for sizing. You went to the store, stuck one on your foot, and if it wasn't agonizing to wear that was what you bought. Sizes started out as being selected by the cobblers to be the size of the \"last\", which is the foot-shaped thing you build a shoe around. So a size 12 shoe might have nothing to do with an actual measurement but might actually be the twelfth last on the rack that the cobbler used. Eventually this led to some standardization, but countries all standardized on different things, like what distances were actually being measured and where they were being measured from. Including whether to start with the smallest common size being a 0 or a 1, whether to measure the size of foot a shoe is expected to fit or one of several measurements of the actual shoe, both inside and out, and how physically big each size graduation might be, in centimeters, inches or barleycorns (yes, that's a real measurement, which has standardized at 1/3 of an inch). So the real answer boils down to historical inertia. People got something that sort of worked, and although there are more sensible ways to size shoes, now it's too much of a pain to change." ]

[ 26 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fyljz9w", "fylisqu", "fyljf32" ]

[ "For some addresses, the next step might not be a password! A big provider might have both individual accounts (which need a password) and also corporate accounts which are 'federated' with a number of different identity providers. The form will take your email, look up the hostname in a big list, and then might ask for a password, or might demand a \"client side certificate\", or might first verify that your computer is \"compliant\" (normally this just means that it's running an approved OS), or a bunch of other things. (Source: I work at Microsoft, and some of our sites do this exact thing. But I don't work in any of the departments that provide these kinds of services, so I just know them from the end-user point of view)." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dwb79s9" ]

[ "It sucks, but that’s anxiety. Your subconscious is your number 1 enemy, and even if you are smiling and having the best day of your life, an attack can be subconsciously triggered. You don’t need to feel stressed or worried about anything at all for anxiety to rear it’s ugly head, that is unfortunately the nature of the beast. My last attack happened just sitting watching planet earth with my gf. Totally relaxed, no pressure situation. Talk to your doctor about lexapro, it has been a miracle for me so far." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fpe35wg", "fpe2tes", "fpe2v1d" ]

[ "Back in the day, people had things called \"books.\" They were made of paper and got stored on \"bookshelves.\" Sometimes, when the books were stored on top of a shelf, people used special holders to contain them. These special holders were called \"bookends.\" One bookend went at one end of the group of books, and the other bookend went at the other end of the group of books. You see where I am going: weekends serve to contain the weekdays, just as bookends serve to contain the books. So Sunday is at one end of the week, and Saturday is at the other end." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dmblwwt", "dmblkr4" ]

[ "Maybe stupid question, but the editor is guessing what colors might be where? I.e skin color, background, clothing etc.." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gvrpi96", "gvqyccw", "gvrotyy", "gvro4fs", "gvrkeim", "gvqy51a", "gvrhpoc", "gvrmpn3", "gvrw2sa", "gvr6ylg", "gvrprpe", "gvsb0nc", "gvrmj8x", "gvs1acv", "gvs0wbw", "gvrp832", "gvrkhzg", "gvs0fm7", "gvrybi0", "gvs27x4", "gvrnth7", "gvs1wne", "gvrvh3w", "gvrp3fu", "gvrmidx", "gvtjedk" ]

[ "Boiling or microwaving will KILL the bacteria. What it won't do is REMOVE the dead bacteria. That means there is dead biological material that's just food for more bacteria. The more you sanitize the sponge, the faster more new bacteria will grow... ELI5-when you kill bacteria it becomes bacteria food. Edit: Wow. So. Heat, UV, bleach & desiccation(alcohol/sanitizer) can all kill bacteria. But there is no practical way to clean the material out of the deep pores of a sponge without destroying it. Nothing is as good as a clean sponge. A short video of a single celled organism dying that demonstrates this concept: URL_0 DISCLAIMER: I am by no means a subject matter expert nor do I represent big sponge corp." ]

[ 15678 ]

[ [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bj6SqgT4SQ" ], [ "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-06055-9#Sec2" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eu734zs" ]

[ "Rabies is a natural virus has been around for a very long time. An animal (mostly bats, sometimes raccoons or other mammals, only occasionally dogs) that has the disease caries rabies virus particles in and on its body, and their saliva or claws transmits it when they bite or scratch someone. Those particles reproduce in the bitten creature's brain and basically drive it mad so it drools everywhere and attacks other creatures that it normally wouldn't, and this carries on the cycle. Even if you cremate them all, if you kill every single animal that's carrying the rabies virus, you're still going to have some of it around. Those creatures would have left particles in their environment that have a chance of being picked up by other animals, at least for a while. But this isn't the normal way it's transmitted so it would be a small chance." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dz5ovi4", "dz5kgny" ]

[ "The US has a regressive tax system for very rich people. Almost all of my income is capital gains which are taxed much less than income. I give lots to charity which lowers it still more. There are other tricks besides (legal ones I mean). It may not be fair, but it's the system we have." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e6jjqdq" ]

[ "No offence but I believe the other posts are wrong. While salt does pull water out(higher concentration of water in tissues compared to 0% in salt draws the water out), it is not the reason. The way nerves work is they have ion channels creating whats called a transmembrane potential. Doesn't matter what it is:; what matters is what creates it - mainly sodium ions! Salt is sodium chloride. Morw sodium=easier depolarisation=nervez conducting=pain. Doesn't hurt that wounds expose more of those nerves. Also, this is why fluctuations in potassium levels can stop the heart." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fdlwc4n" ]

[ "Depends, what are you using? If your texting it using the built in app over SMS, that’s the reason why. SMS is a messaging service that is very old and can only send pictures by compressing them to an almost laughable state. I would recommend uploading them to google drive and then giving the recipient the shared link, or just share the file directly to them. Hope this helps. If you have any other phone tech questions, reach out to me." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "de93zzb", "de945he", "de9agoe", "de97sjw", "de9cjxt" ]

[ "The station gives you a \"make-good\" and airs spots correctly to replace those that get cut off." ]

[ 80 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ext1n8g", "exsw6ls", "extm5s3" ]

[ "The other two answers are pretty good on the 'what is it?' Question, but really gloss over the horror of the 'what does it do?' question. Sarin, which is a fairly well known nerve agent, affects the nerves responsible for muscle contractions and causes every muscle to contract as hard as it can. The heart just flexes and stops pumping, the diaphragm contracts and pushes all the air out of the lungs, the skeletal muscles contract with so much force that bones breaking is common. The list of effects goes on. There are a few medicines that counteract the effects, like Atropine, but they need to be given extremely quickly to be effective. Permanent damage starts between 1 and 10 minutes after exposure." ]

[ 32 ]

[ [], [], [ "https://youtu.be/62fPW-5TR-M" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "drwr2p5" ]

[ "One, By eating things like blood, skin, organs, bones, etc. Obviously that animal they ate *contains all vitamins and minerals required for that prey animal to live* so consuming all, or most, of a prey animal will include a wider variety of vitamins and nutrients. Humans can do this too, for example fish liver oil, whale blubber etc,. Whale blubber contains high amounts of vitamin C. Two, Different animals have different dietary needs. We primates require Vitamin C in our diets but we can manufacture other vitamins , many other mammals, including cats and dogs, *can actually synthesize their own vitamin C* so it isn't a dietary requirement. Cats require vitamin A from animal sources, they cannot process carotenoids(from plants) into vitamin A. Dogs, and us, can eat a carrot and make vitamin A. Different animals have different needs and different capabilities to manufacture vitamins or to dietary input into essential compounds." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "f1tbi0d", "f1vswdo" ]

[ "Waves don't make a huge impact on underwater species. They go down maybe 10 meters. The problem is the costal ecosystem which can get damaged heavily by typhoons and hurricanes. But normally the ecosystem can reform quickly, due to alot of food being flooded to them. Normally shallow water species can only migrate somewhat well, so they don't act like birds flying away normally. So yea. Not a huge impact." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.livescience.com%2F30759-how-a-hurricane-impacts-the-ocean.html", "https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/hurricanes.html" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dsdiwxn", "dsdiej0", "dse7fbj", "dsea4h3" ]

[ "So I want you to hold both thumbs out in front of you, holding your hands apart. Look at one thumb, then look at the other. Chances are your eyes snapped from one to the other quickly. Eyes in general don't focus well when an image is moving too much, so tend to try to keep things stable by \"snapping\" from image to image. Even when you're trying to read or looks slowly across something your eyes are really making lots of small jumps instead of truly moving smoothly most of the time (the only exception is really when your eye is tracking something in motion) Birds don't have muscles to move their eyes around, so their whole head snaps around to do the same job as our eye muscles do. They don't always do this, birds will sometimes move their heads slowly, but just like with our eyes and watching something that's moving, they'll move their whole head to follow a moving object they're tracking." ]

[ 1072 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "https://www.livescience.com/44822-how-do-dolphins-sleep.html" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fiztvrl" ]

[ "There's multiple reasons for it. It lubricates and protects the eyes while sleeping. It also helps to keep the brain from being stimulated during sleep, so that REM cycles are not disrupted, by shutting the eyes it also shuts out light. It also helps keep the eye clean, by lubricating it, it washes away bacteria or doesn't allow bacteria to build up as quickly as with dry eyes. Surprisingly though, it's something like 15-20% of people don't close their eyes while they sleep. It's called nocturnal lagophthalmos. It's commonly caused by different facial nerve or muscle damage. Also, fun fact, some animals such as dolphins and birds sleep with USWS (unihemisphericly slow-wave sleep). USWS is where half of the brain is awake and half is asleep. Unlike humans where we sleep with our brains shut off, these animals keep one eye or eyes partially open while sleeping." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dohxt6m", "doi22l8" ]

[ "**Locality** This is a principle that says that things can only be affected by nearby causes. That is, there are no instantaneous causes and effects. In order for me, here, to affect some cause somewhere else, it will take time for that to happen. Specifically, the transition from here to there can't happen faster than the speed of light. **Realism** This is a principle that says that physical phenomenon have properties and attributes whether or not we have observed those properties. Some subatomic particle has a charge, mass, spin, etc. even if we have yet to measure what those values are. **Local Realism** says that both of these principles are true. Quantum mechanics says that at least one of those has to be false. It does this through quantum entanglement. Basically, through a variety of methods, you generate two particles that are entangled. You then move then far apart and measure their spin. If they're entangled, then the values you measure will be connected. So either locality is false there is some form of communication that allows the measurement of one particle to instantly affect the measurement of the other) or realism is false (neither particle has any value until measured). If local realism were true, then our observed measurements of these types of particles would follow certain patterns. They don't. What does this mean? Well, that's a big debate. The idea that either locality or realism may be false is a bit hard to conceptualize." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gl321o1" ]

[ "The eggs were all laid together 17 years ago, and they all have a 17 year internal timer to tell them when to emerge as adults. Emerge off cycle and you have nobody to mate with and no mass swarm to hide in, so only the cicadas that get it right reproduce for next time. The periodic cicadas evolved this bizarre adaptation to avoid predators. If you emerge in a predictable cycle every year, predators can return to that area every year and eat you. If you emerge in a mass swarm only once a every oddball number of years, migratory predators can’t rely on this and any local predators will be absolutely overwhelmed. This increases the odds of survival for each individual, despite how dumb the swarm of nearly blind insects appears. The giant swarm swamps the predators with vastly more than they can eat, and the majority survive to repeat the cycle." ]

[ 28 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fltayx2", "fltbo36", "fltkbfs" ]

[ "Cream has a very high fat content. The process of mixing/whipping introduces air and also agitates the fat globules causing them to assemble into chains and aggregates that begin to form around the air bubbles. These aggregates can go on to interact with neighboring air/fat bubbles resulting in a connected fat network that traps the air and appears voluminous and fluffy." ]

[ 131 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dgdg36n", "dgds6gp", "dge8n78", "dgfal4q" ]

[ "World GDP - approx 75 Trillion US GDP - 16.77 trillion 16.77/75 = .22 The US represents 22% of the world economy. Simply put - the US has A LOT more money to spend than the majority of countries. On top of that, remember that the majority of movies are made in the US, by Americans, with a special eye to American audiences." ]

[ 22 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Media/Cinema-attendance-per-capita" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "faf9nsg", "fafaxon", "faf9ylm" ]

[ "It doesn’t boil. It evaporates. Water does not have to heat up to boiling temps to evaporate. There are actually special things called “triple points” where things can exist as a solid, liquid, and gas simultaneously. These triple points are affected by temperature, pressure, density, specific heat, etc." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "erix76p", "erixo9y", "erj12o0", "erjfjgg", "erj3qoj", "erinsco", "erippsf", "erjenbe", "erjeqrt", "erjbmkq", "erj0ncb", "erjqrol", "erjjekv", "erk4djg", "erjymzl" ]

[ "Hunger is triggered by the Hunger Hormone called Ghrelin. Ghrelin is produced by the body during times you usually eat. So if you always eat at 8am, 1pm, 6pm, you'll always feel hungry at those times. When you eat, the food becomes short-term energy which lasts around 6-24 hours. Excess short-term energy not used is converted to long-term energy (fat). Since you're always refilling that short-term energy tank, your body doesnt need to use your long-term energy." ]

[ 4450 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dn82osb", "dn7wby6", "dn7ilhq", "dn7sc1y", "dn7j3fl", "dn803qy", "dn7ipqf", "dn7qhl7", "dn7ixv1", "dn7tlye", "dn7vt08", "dn7xuko", "dn812n5", "dn83391", "dn803fp", "dn7uru1", "dn8gsba", "dn7w9so", "dn7tl7b", "dn7ybwy", "dn7utx7", "dn86a44", "dn81vop", "dn8cq7p", "dn8akcf", "dn8bf0c", "dn823g7", "dn83fms", "dn8j27z", "dn8m0h2", "dn88dy6", "dn7jy4b", "dn89ph7", "dn7xy6r", "dn809e5", "dn80tm8", "dn7w80e", "dn86nqk", "dn8ddtx", "dn8h257" ]

[ "I've been a Locomotive Engineer for the BNSF Railway for 10 years. The first answer to your question is that the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Trainmen (Engineers Union) is the oldest in the country at 152 years and we have fought tooth and nail to keep our jobs. That being said, the second answer is a little more complicated. The bulk of modern road locomotives are manufactured by General Electric. A road Locomotive is a six axle 4400 horsepower engine that is meant to travel at track speed between cities. This is opposed to a yard Locomotive which is four axles and only meant to travel at 10 mph in short intervals though it is capable of track speed (up to 70mph). A General Electric Locomotive comes with proprietary software in the locomotives heads up display called the GE Trip Optomizer. The T.O. as we call it is essentially auto pilot. Once engaged, it is capable of speeding up or slowing down the train at speeds of 12-70 mph. It uses algorithms to determine how to handle the train in the most fuel efficient manner while managing \"in train forces,\" but more on that later. The T.O. Uses GPS to determine exact locations to comply with both permanent and temporary speed restrictions. In my experience the T.O. Is accurate within 50 feet which is nothing short of miraculous considering the computer has to discern variables such as train tonnage (weight) both as a whole and individual cars and where they are placed in the train. Also train length and curvature of the territory. Whether or not you are on an ascending or descending grade (up a Mountain or down one). As an Engineer in 2017 I am needed at the controls of a Locomotive for the following reasons. First, T.O. Doesn't always work, nor is it present in all of our locomotives (some are made by EMD.) Second, T.O. Doesn't work at speeds below 12 mph, so I have to start the train out and then engage the T.O. Once I get over 12. Third, T.O. Only works when I have authority to travel at track speed for a great distance. For example, if I have authority for 6 miles or more, I will engage the T.O. If I have to stop at some point within about six miles, I have to take control of the train and get it stopped at the correct location while complying with good train handling procedures. The T.O. Is only able to operate at maximum authorized speed all the time. It does not stop the train. That is the job of an engineer. Imagine a self driving car that can only handle itself on Interstate highways at the posted speed limit and cannot drive down a street with traffic lights and comply with the signals. Same concept. Stopping the train without snapping it in two is the main job of a Locomotive Engineer. It's like a musician making music with an instrument. It takes training and experience. There are two types of brakes used on a train. First are the Dynamic Brakes, which are only found on Locomotives. That is where each axle acts as an electric generator. Imagine a hand crank emergency radio or flashlight. When you turn the crank there is resistance on the handle which is generating power. We use the resistance on each axle to slow down the train by generating electricity. We then literally throw away all that valuable electricity by dissipating it as heat out the top of the engine. It's a tremendous waste but hey, that's how we roll in America. The second type of brakes that we use and probably the biggest reason to keep trains manned is the Westinghouse Air Brake System. Each rail car is equipped with brake rigging which operates entirely on compressed air. There are no electrical components, everything is mechanical. There are air compressors on the locomotives that are connected to each car through the use of air hoses and the entire system is controlled by the engineer at the head end of the train. The speed of the train can be controlled by either taking away air (setting the brakes) or adding air (releasing the brakes). I know that sounds backwards but that's how the system was designed. It is the Westinghouse air brake design that truly throws a wrench into the need for automation. You see, Westinghouse designed this system in the 19th century. That's right, the flipping 1800s. The Titans of industry at the time began to expand the railroads so rapidly that there was only time enough to redesign the system to be more efficient once. That also happened in the 1800s. So that means that in 2017 we still use this system to stop our trains. Every rail car on every piece of track in the United States has this type of brake rigging. And according to federal law, each car has to have tested, inspected and working air brakes BEFORE the train departs it's initial terminal. A Conductor, (that's the other guy in the cab) has to walk the entire length of the train three times before the train can depart, once on each side to ensure the brakes are set and once to ensure the brakes have released. That could be up to 7000+ feet three times (5280 feet in a mile!) The Westinghouse air brake system, although used industry wide, has its flaws. The brakes have a tendency to \"dynamite\" or begin braking without warning. Imagine the brake on the rear car braking a full capacity and no other brakes in the train are working. This type of event cracks the whole train like a whip and the Conductor and Engineer are at the tip. At the very least we'll get greasy face prints on the windshield. At the worst we're looking at a train broken in two or possibly a derailment. In the remote locations that the railroad travels in, it is the job of trained professionals like us to inspect the train, possibly change a broken knuckle on a car (60 lbs), put the train back together (do another air test) and get on our way. In using a temperamental system like this it falls upon he job of a human being to orchestrate the movements of the train through the use of his senses. Feel, what's going on behind you? Is there more slack in the train than you expected? Sound, are the brakes squealing? Is it possible that they are not all the way released? Smell, do you smell hot brake shoes? The smell of burnt rubber? Sight, look back at the train on a curve. Is it on fire? Is there dragging equipment? Taste, what's in my lunchbox? Is it time to put my steak and potato in the engine compartment to heat it up yet? These are things that automation cannot replace, human intuition in the middle of nowhere." ]

[ 8216 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETCS" ], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SkyTrain_\\(Vancouver\\)", "https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/52p2mw/eli5_we_are_coming_very_close_to_fully_automatic/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgantown_Personal_Rapid_Transit" ], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_Metro", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnsaldoBreda_Driverless_Metro", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_automated_urban_metro_subway_systems" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://dps.mn.gov/divisions/hsem/planning-preparedness/Pages/minnesota-rail-safety-regulations.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_train_control", "http://www.startribune.com/at-camp-ripley-national-guard-members-train-for-the-worst-cast-scenarios/322904531/", "http://wate.com/2016/04/20/norfolk-southern-reducing-operations-at-knoxville-rail-yard/" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2009_Washington_Metro_train_collision" ], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_train_operation" ], [], [], [], [], [ "http://web.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffsubway.htm" ], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dpm5izr", "dpm5jjc" ]

[ "Being depressed is more being low energy than being sad. When people take antidepressants, sometimes they’ll go from: “What’s the point of doing anything?” to “I should go do something, I’ll go call my family, that will be good.” But sometimes their energy makes them think: “I should go do something, I’ll take my life, that will be good.” The thing is, suicide is not that easy. Depressed people sometimes struggle with doing their dishes, or changing clothes. Suicide can seem like a really hard thing to do. On Antidepressants, it can then suddenly seem like an easy option. Sometimes reading of suicide will make suicide seem compelling. If you are having suicidal thoughts, call a suicide hotline, please." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dlwuj2n", "dlwuidn" ]

[ "It's all about conveying the sense of immediacy and urgency. When you read a headline it conveys the feeling that this is fresh news." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ejnkxfl", "ejnkzpl" ]

[ "Only radioactive isotopes have half lives. A radioactive isotope has a certain probability of decaying into a different element, which releases a form of ionising radiation (dependent on the isotope). A half life is the time required for half of the radioactive material in a sample to decay. For example, polonium 210 has a half life of 138 days. That means that if you have a 10g sample of polonium 210 (not something I would recommend btw) in 138 days, half of the atoms would have decayed. This won't mean there's only 5g of mass left, because the Po-210 would have decayed into Lead-206, which is stable and will not decay. But in another 138 days, the remaining polonium will halve again, but because there is less radioactive material the rate of decay is slower. The rate becomes slower and slower with the less material there is until there is nothing left. The rate of activity is measured in Curies, and that is how you measure how much radioactive material there is, because at a fixed half life, a 10g mass of will have a certain activity that will decrease over time." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dvf1ajc" ]

[ "Is this actually a thing? It might only be regional because I've never heard of it before. There was a point in history where lemon and lime flavoured products were the best selling; however, times and tastes are constantly changing, and the demand for those flavours isn't as prevalent as it used to be. A lot of manufacturers are completely phasing out those flavours. For example: green Skittles are now green apple, green Swedish Fish are now pineapple. So the combination of cherry-lime and strawberry-lemon could be a marketing strategy to make the product appeal to a larger audience of people. Why those combinations specifically? I don't know. It could be that the flavours are complementary, they tested well during market research, or that those flavours are a highly grossing product. It would make sense for everyone else to capitalize on the best selling flavours in order to compete in the marketplace. This is why I assume you've seen those combinations where you live and I've never seen them where I live, because they just didn't sell well where I am. Another explanation may be because it's cheaper and easier to manufacture that way. Blue raspberry became popular because manufacturers had loads of blue dye sitting around, and the cheap red dye of the time was outlawed by the FDA because kids were having bad reactions to it." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dh7lgtg", "dh7lhvd" ]

[ "The original Bible (the Old Testament in Hebrew and Aramaic and the New Testament in Koine Greek) is way too old to be copyrighted. Copyright only lasts until 70 years after the author's death. Many translations of the Bible, like the King James Bible, are also not copyrighted for the same reason. In the case of books that are not copyrighted, anyone in the world can print some copies and sell them- the person or company that prints them is the one that gets the money. Newer translations, like the NIV, can still fall under copyright. In that case, the person or company that does the translation owns the copyright." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "detdh1o", "detk0uw", "detsxe0", "detdz3j" ]

[ "Hormone differences. Testosterone vs. estrogen Both men and women have each hormone in their body; The amounts are drasticly different for each though. Long story short. Men have lots more testostrone which goes to make muscles stronger." ]

[ 27 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8477683" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fme0u37", "fmdz0iv", "fmdz1qm" ]

[ "Almost all bombs are guided in some way now. In the past, planes used things called [bombsights]( URL_0 ). Depending on the exact era, bombsights could either directly measure or take input from the bombardier measurements such as the plane's altitude, heading, speed, as well as wind and weather factors to calculate when to drop a bomb so that it would impact at the intended target. During WWI these were simple devices. By WWII, they had evolved into complex mechanical computers with better accuracy. Postwar, bombsights gave way to digital computers with radar systems, and now, pretty much all munitions are either directly guided or have some sort of guidance from the aircraft's systems." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombsight#Modern_systems" ], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dmbkhqq" ]

[ "I'm sure there could be a much more complex mechanism behind 'warm drinks' leading to better brain function in the body (stimulants like caffeine, l-theanine, sugar). However, focusing strictly on the warmth aspect, the heat could simply be dilating your blood vessels, leading to more blood flow across your body, and hence a better supply of oxygen to your brain In chinese medicine, we also say that a healthy kidney is key to a clear mind. From a modern-medicine perspective, this may be due to the correct functioning of adrenal glands (which are hormone-regulating glands that are part of the kidney). Adrenal glands produce cortisol, which is a type of hormone that among its many uses, helps to jolt you awake in the morning. Warm drinks may help kickstart your kidney's function in that sense" ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "evb7w1x", "evb7vir", "evb7mty", "evbahby", "evbb0op" ]

[ "Imagine being upside down in a pool. Not quite the same blood rush to the head, is it? A fetus is basically in a fluid filled sac." ]

[ 32 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gociiee" ]

[ "Depends on how fast it is, wich angle it enters, even the shape and size wich influence air friction to inertia ratio" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gste5h1", "gstcags" ]

[ "cancer is basically a series of stacking failures in a cell's genetic code that alter its normal behavior. self-destruct functions to prevent abnormalities from reproducing, differentiation that distinguishes e.g. skin cells from liver cells from muscle tissue, functions to stop cells from growing where they're not supposed to, all these things are coded in a cell's DNA and those things can break and stop working. people can be genetically predisposed to cancer, and there are environmental factors as well, but every time your cells reproduce there are copying errors. if you live long enough, eventually somewhere in your body those errors will stack up in the right ways to cause cells to become cancerous. that's part of why it's so prevalent. something like 80% of men develop mild prostate cancer in their lives. as for why people tend to get it again, there's multiple reasons. if there are environmental, genetic, dietary, etc. factors that increase a person's risk of cancer, they still apply and are still increasing their risk after they recover once. they're more likely to do regular cancer screenings and catch cancers that might've gone undiagnosed in other people. some treatments like radiation therapy increase your risk of future cancer, etc. ultimately it's just statistics. if you live long enough, eventually your number's gonna come up." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dkm5d56", "dkm5rac" ]

[ "The new speed limit comes into effect at the point where the sign is. There is no buffer zone after the sign. When there is a significant decrease in speed limit, you'll often see \"reduced speed ahead\" signs. *That* is your buffer zone." ]

[ 17 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dkl3o87", "dkle702" ]

[ "Just the top part. One cool thing is that there are several antenna elements stacked vertically inside each panel. That gives extra gain in the vertical plane. The generic term is sector antenna because each covers a 120 degree sector horizontally. That's why they are almost always mounted in a triangle. Newer ones contain the power amplifier as well." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fycf4i2" ]

[ "Their composition is different, one will be formulated with preservatives in mind, but another big difference is water. If something is wet or in a liquid state, it's far easier for bacteria to access the sugars etc and make it go bad." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g0qh58m" ]

[ "\"Blue ocean\" refers to a particular corporate strategy where instead of trying to compete directly with other entities, you carve out your own market space and create new demand. This is in contrast to the \"red ocean\" where you *are* fighting directly with your competitors for an existing market share. Intel and AMD, for example, exist in the red ocean; their CPU lines fight against each other. Sony and Microsoft, as well, compete against each other in that way. Nintendo, by contrast, made serious waves (pun intended) with their design philosophy behind the Switch, which was absolutely a blue ocean move." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gixzreo", "gixo4id" ]

[ "Might be able to help, I'm a physician, so deal with this commonly. I think that there's a misconception that a 'coma' is a specific thing, like a heart attack or a pneumonia. It's really not a medical term used, at least in modern English speaking medical literature - in part because its not really one thing. Really, what people mean when they say that is just being unconscious (however you want to describe THAT) for a prolonged period of time. So, depending on what causes the unconsciousness to begin with - they may be more or less reversible, and there may be more or less variety in what a person is experiencing. If examples are helpful, lets think of a few. Person 1 is having a surgery like a gallbladder taken out, so they need to be medically sedated to keep from experiencing the surgery while awake. The anesthesiologist will give them a combination of pain meds, sedatives, anesthetics, and possibly paralytics to keep them essentially unable to feel, remember, or move around too much during the surgery. When the drugs wear off, this person will wake up. They might tell you, \"gee I dont remember anything after I checked in to the next day\" or they might have glimpses of the recovery room, or they might have weird dream memories of this. Person 2 has a horrible pneumonia, and is just super sick - they go to an ICU and get treated with antibiotics, maybe oxygen with a ventilator, and maybe strong medicines to raise their blood pressure. They are likely too sick to be fully conscious - you may have had a similar experience if you got a bad infection and felt kinda dumb or slow when you were sick. This is a horrifying experience, so we usually give people sedation to help them not be so scared. This person will probably not really remember any of the ICU, and maybe a few days after. They might have big gaps in their memory, but they may or may not have ever looked like they were 'sleeping' so you might not describe this person as in a coma to a friend. Person 3 had a big stroke or other injury to their brain. This is where it gets complicated. This person probably has 3 things going on. Some of their brain will be 'stunned' by the damage and need time to just cool off. Some of their brain will die. And to make everything more confusing, they will get treated with sedation, go to the ICU and have the general 'slowing' of the other two as well. We don't know where this person will end up. We do tests to try to figure out if part of the brain is dead or seems to be waking up and make really good predictions, but its a lot harder. Maybe all the parts of their brain that made them who they were are gone, and only the parts that keep them alive are what is going. This is what is commonly referred to as a persistent vegetative state. The thing that all these people have in common is that while they are not conscious, the rest of their body needs to keep doing their things. The heart needs to pump blood, the lungs have to get oxygen, the kidneys need to clean the blood, the liver needs to metabolize everything, and so on. While we wait for someone to (hopefully) recover, a lot of what we do is just support those other functions. So, we can give food through a bag for energy. We can replace the breathing with a ventilator if needed. We usually have to drain the urine and stool in bags. We have to do something like exercise (just turning people really) to keep their skin and muscles from breaking down. Sorry, I wrote so much." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dueu4uf" ]

[ "Swelling is the bodies response to anything that it perceives as harmful. It is caused by a rush of blood cells and your capillaries opening (called vasodilation) to allow more blood flow to the area for healing. This causes inflammation and heat around the area. When you get cold, your blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction) to keep blood flowing to your vital organs. TL;DR: Putting ice on a swollen area helps constrict the blood vessels and keep the blood moving. 👍🏻" ]

[ 14 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eie2se6" ]

[ "There's two ways of interpreting your question: **Why can the view from one eye have a different tint than the other?** Your eyes can have a different number and distribution of red, green, and blue cone cells that sense color. Normally, with two eyes, the differences average out but looking with one and then the other, the differences will stand out. Also, if you close one eye for a long time, it becomes more sensitive to blue because your eyelid blocks most light besides red. This acts like colored sunglasses so your brain/eye compensates by sensing more blue. When you switch eyes, the one that was closed will have a cooler tint for a short period of time. **Why do some people's eye color have different tints?** Depending on the angle, a person's iris can reflect a different band of colors. This causes some people's eye color to change depending on the angle you look at their eyes. Also, one eye could be exposed to more light than the other (especially if the nose is in the way). This can make one eye color appear cooler or warmer than the other." ]

[ 18 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fdbzlpq", "fdbzk6g", "fdc5p3t", "fdcntqa", "fdbza9m" ]

[ "AM radio is like communicating by changing the brightness of a light. Lots of things can block the light making it seem dimmer than expected. FM radio is like communicating by changing the color of a light. Many things block the light making it dimmer, but few things can change its color easily." ]

[ 1075 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ee957ae", "ee9cdmr", "ee9l4m0", "ee9nxn3", "ee9heg4" ]

[ "Anesthesiologist here. There are two broad categories of general anesthetics, which are divided based on how they are administered: intravenous and inhalational. Let's start with intravenous. The most common IV general anesthetic is Propofol by far. Propofol is the milky white drug you sometimes see on medical shows. You may know of it as the \"Michael Jackson Drug\". Us anesthesiologists sometimes refer to it as \"Milk of Amnesia\" (or maybe that's just me). The induction dose (the slug we give you at the start to put you to sleep) is calculated based on body weight. Typically around 2 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. For the super obese patients we use an adjusted value that's somewhere between their actual body weight and their \"ideal body weight\". Younger patients, alcoholics, and red heads will need more milligrams per kilogram. Older patients, and those with certain neurological or medical issues, or those under the influence of certain drugs (medical or recreational) will need less. After I determine you are unconscious, I will stick a breathing tube down your throat, hook it up to my anesthesia machine, and dial in the inhalational agent. In terms of inhalational agents, the three most common ones are Sevoflurane, Desflurane, and Nitrous Oxide. These agents are not dosed by milligrams, but by concentration in percents. We measure the percent concentration of the agent in the exhaled breath. Sevoflurane is dosed to about 2%, Desflurane 6-8%. The remainder percent is typically a mixture of pure oxygen and medical air. Nitrous Oxide by itself would not be sufficient to keep you under general anesthesia (it would require > 100%!), so if we use it, we usually use it to \"cut\" either the Sevo or the Desflurane (i.e. 50/50 O2/Nitrous plus 1% Sevo). Each agent has its unique advantages and disadvantages, and I use many factors to determine which agent is best for you. How do they work? Big picture wise, they decrease the activity of excitatory circuits in the central nervous system and increase the activity of inhibitory circuits in the same (particularly that of a chemical called GABA). They suppress your sympathetic nervous system as well, which may reduce your blood pressure and/or heart rate." ]

[ 781 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "guccqlz" ]

[ "The thing about walking into a room is so common that it's been studied quite a bit - the \"doorway effect.\" But it's not exactly the doorways themselves, it's the change of what's around you. Certain things like that signal your brain to sort of \"dump\" your working memory, and not everything gets stored because your brain favors what's in front of you when things change like the room you're in. Short term memory is really only about 30 seconds - certainly long enough to lose what you were about to say while you let someone finish or you have your hand raised." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fi9j3ad" ]

[ "They hide under stuff when its hot and dry. When its wet they can move easier with their slime and the water and don't get dried out as quickly. You dont wait for the hottest time of the day to cross a desert right?" ]

[ 25 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ddwgcw1" ]

[ "They definitely notice the white lights they use for full color images. On the other hand, a slow-moving spotlight isn't very threatening, so animals will still drift up and investigate or take bait. To record more naturalistic behavior, they use red lights, right at the edge of the visible spectrum. Most deep-sea critters are blind to red light (except the [stoplight loosejaw]( URL_0 ), which has red \"flashlights\" it uses to see prey without being seen.)" ]

[ 8 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoplight_loosejaw" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dtqa7um", "dtqblz9" ]

[ "It's kind of misleading to think of the gene as being exclusively for cancer-causing purposes. Typically the \"cancer genes\" people talk about are variations on a gene that codes for sometime useful. Like when people say they have the BRCA1 gene (the gene most commonly associated with genetic breast cancers), they don't actually mean they have a genetic sequence in a place where everyone else has nothing. Everyone has a BRCA1 gene, it's just that normally it codes for tumor-suppressing proteins. In people with certain mutations in that region, however, the proteins that it codes for are not produced correctly and thus do not properly suppress the uncontrolled growth of cells." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e2xjtx3", "e2xk20h", "e2xotzu" ]

[ "An electron gun is a device that emits a continuous beam of electrons when powered on. In a CRT, electromagnetic coils bend the electron beam back and forth to scan across the screen like printed text, left to right then top to bottom. The beam strikes phosphor strips that coat the inner surface of the screen and cause them to glow. The strength of the beam determines how much the phosphors glow and is continually varied by modulating the amount of power sent to the electron gun to draw the desired image." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dh8v4ak", "dh94jjz", "dh98n37" ]

[ "If they patent it themselves, aside from the difficulties they would have in explaining it to others or higher ups at the office, the original claimant can present his receipt and dated file that shows exactly how and when he came up with the idea, the implementation, and the submission date/time. These two would be more than enough for the immediate firing of that clerk." ]

[ 239 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s309.html" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gahkfjz" ]

[ "It's just tiny pockets of air getting mixed in when pouring, fast streams of water are usually not uniform enough to prevent air from mixing in so you get air bubbles that appear in the water." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]