Datasets:

mNLP-project

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gpt2-finetuning

like 0

[ "ddhrd52" ]

[ "\"The beams radiate outwards from the pulsar’s magnetic poles. Think of it like a huge lighthouse in space spinning really fast. Each time the beam hits the atmosphere of the red dwarf, it speeds up electrons there to almost the speed of light. This interaction is what causes the red dwarf’s brightness to flicker. It suggests that the star’s inner workings are dominated by its neighbor’s kinetic energy — an effect which has never been observed before, not even in similar types of binary stars.\" A white dwarf is a relatively small and not very energetic star. Pulsars require a lot of energy, and it's interesting that its kinetic energy is enough to whip up pulsar-level energy from the cast-off mass of its partner star." ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "dj2nic2" ]

[ "Pain is there to alert you about something. When you quickly step into a bright light, your pupils have to adjust so they won't let too much light inside your eye. (which could damage it) But it takes some time, so to prevent any damage, you brain quickly sends you a pain signal, thus basically forcing you to cover your eyes somehow until your pupils adjust." ]

[ 5 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "egu3vmy", "egtyhov", "egv52sk" ]

[ "Put your foot on the board on the ground. Foot goes forward, board goes forward. Grip tape carries horizontal load from your foot into the board. If you jump straight up and down on the board, it doesn't follow you. Grip tape doesn't work going up and down. Get some speed, hit a ramp, and now the board is going up, and you're going up. If you hold position perfectly, (and neglect air) the board will fly along the same trajectory you do. It's not actually \"held\" to your feet, but just happens to be flying immediately next to them. Give it a kick and it flies away. Now, hover in a half crouch above the board in space. Kick with the left foot, the left side goes down, right will come up a bit. When it contacts with your right foot, it will start to pivot around the foot. If you keep your right foot just barely above the board - putting no force into it - you can make it look like the board is attached. Same principle doing skate tricks. Kick down with the left, bring up the right foot so the board stays with you, otherwise it will pivot around the right foot leaving you boardless. The mechanics are relatively simple, but actually doing it takes time and practice." ]

[ 14 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "ejmy4v0", "ejn4r97" ]

[ "The electroweak theory states that, while the electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force appear to be very separate forces doing very different things at *vastly* different scales, they're actually two different manifestations of the same force, and if the universe were ever hot enough again (10^15 K or so -- for reference, the surface of the sun is only 5.7 \\* 10^4 K), they would recombine into the electroweak force." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_point_(thermodynamics\\)" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fxibj13", "fxifj0s", "fxibmn2", "fxioacn", "fxiksi4" ]

[ "Without double jeopardy, the government could keep people they don't like in litigation for perpetuity. It's like how the IRS was used to audit the taxes of critics of Nixon. They could drag someone through a lengthy & costly trial and then when that person was acquitted start the process all over again." ]

[ 24 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eva27gn", "evaqucy" ]

[ "There is almost always a bigger need for downloading information than there is for uploading it, and the cables that cable internet travels over are more limited than fiber optic. So, cable and DSL companies prioritize download speeds by using more channels for downloading than for uploading." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "dexa1c0", "dexaops" ]

[ "They're not supposed to be using spy tools to record audio and video of citizens who are not suspected of any criminal activity. That is a misuse of power and technology, and an overreach of authority. It crosses the line into a \"surveillance state.\" We shouldn't be surprised that the police have guns to protect citizens and battering rams to break down criminal's doors. But if every night, the police beat your door down and held you at gun point while they searched your house, despite you not being suspected of criminal activity, that would be a misuse of their power and technology. It would be an overreach of their authority. It would cross the line into a \"police state.\" Here's a list of some of the things uncovered in Vault 7: - CIA had spyware more powerful than the NSA that it kept secret from all forms of checks and balances. This is problematic, because without lawful balance, this sort of power over citizens can lead to tyranny. - CIA produced malware to gather all information from iPhones and Androids technology, and record & store data from the microphones and cameras even when the user was not using those functions. They then *lost control* of this technology, putting it in the hands of governments worldwide. - CIA worked directly with major tech companies, including Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Skype, Cisco, and more, to get secret backdoors onto their devices and gather your information. Skype even had *every* conversation automatically transcribed and stored in CIA databases. - CIA turns smart TVs, gaming consoles, smart phones, and even appliances into open mics which record data without your permission and give it to the government. - The CIA had tools installed in cars, trucks, planes, and medical devices that could be accessed remotely for covert assassinations against citizens. - The CIA had tools to bypass civilian encryption and things like Tor. - The CIA was deliberately mimicking other countries domains to mask their own hacking as foreign attacks. Can you really say none of this is surprising? None of this is an over-reach of power or authority of government? Without privacy, we do not have freedom. This country was founded on freedom." ]

[ 29 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "ggveix4", "ggvep6p", "ggvfpws", "ggvjox9" ]

[ "Yes... and the language you think in affects how you think, including what you notice and your biases." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

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[ "dgpx7o0" ]

[ "It's all chemistry. You start with a real grape and you sit down in the lab and try to figure out what it is in a grape that makes it 'grape like' in flavor. You could physically break down the grape into a slurry, and then use mechanical processes like centrifuges, or chemical processes like solvents and acids to separate the different chemicals in the grape and then examine the individual molecules for ones that create the grape flavor, grape color, grape scent (which is not always the same chemicals responsible for the flavor). When the chemicals responsible for the flavor and odor of the grape are isolated in this way, their structure can be studied, and using chemistry you can create a method of taking other chemicals and processing them in such a way that they form these same flavor compounds. Lastly once you have something viable, you test it for toxicity and eventually palletability. While the actual grape may contain hundreds of molecules responsible for it's subtle flavors, the artificial flavoring may contain only a few that are primary influences of grape flavor. The substances that create these flavors may appear in many other fruits and flavors as well but in differing ratios so study of grape flavor may discover compounds that are also responsible for berry flavor, or cherry flavor etc. Eventually a working set of \"fruit flavors\" are developed and over time the secret gets out and they become industry standard flavors. Many lemon and lime flavors for instance are just citric acid and sweetener." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "h0e8gow", "h0echth", "h0ebqmx" ]

[ "They are waves - they do not follow waves. It is an oscillation in the direction of a field, not an oscillation in position. They move in a straight line." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

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[ "gd7ud9x" ]

[ "Imagine a sponge with all it's holes. Now take that and compress it to a quarter of the size. All those holes are smaller and now able to hold less. When a chamois dries out it shrinks and tightens. This means all the little pores in it close up so there's no room for a liquid to be absorbed. When it gets wet the skin (that's what a chamois is) loosens and the pores expand making room for more water. When you squeeze out everything already absorbed it doesn't contact right away so now you have lots of little spaces for it to pull water into itself." ]

[ 15 ]

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[ "e1gpwpw" ]

[ "Ash is the solid non burnable parts of an combustible object. If an object was fully combustible, it would just turn to co2 and water vapor completely. If object is only partially combustible and the uncombustible parts are not solid, then they'd be vaporized and it wouldn't be ash." ]

[ 6 ]

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[ "url" ]

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[ "eby2jl2", "eby9k4h" ]

[ "They are in charge of all the logistics basically. They are the bossman of everyone on both the business and creative side of movie making. If you think of a movie as a project you can call them basically like the overall project manager." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "g1sa8q1", "g1sae5y" ]

[ "Usually to do with how easily nasty bacteria and parasites can permeate the meat. Salmonella for example does not go deeper than surface level on a steak, but will be able to grow and spread throughout the bulk of a chicken breast. Pork can be home to human parasites like tapeworm eggs." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "dvo8idr" ]

[ "Sugar is sticky. Sugary gum is sticky. Sugar-free gum is not sticky. Ergo lack of sugar may be the answer." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gct3v8l", "gct131s", "gct1e7g", "gct5780" ]

[ "12, 60, and 360 have more integer divisors than their counterparts 10, 100, and 1000 which makes it much easier to divide things up. This holds for both time and angles (navigation). [Decimal time]( URL_0 ) has been tried but never caught on. Similarly [milliradians]( URL_1 ) have been used for angles, but there are several competing standards and for most people and most uses, degrees are just simpler. 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 60: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60 360: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 24, 30, 36, 40, 45, 60, 72, 90, 120, 180, 360 vs 10: 1, 2, 5, 10 100: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100 1000: 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 25, 40, 50, 100, 125, 200, 250, 500, 1000" ]

[ 51 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal_time", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milliradian" ], [], [ "https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/experts-time-division-days-hours-minutes/#:~:text=This%20division%20reflected%20Egypt's%20use,making%20it%20possible%20to%20count" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g7ghepu", "g7hbpnx" ]

[ "Its due to their impulse during movement. Small Animals like Ants can easily reorient their movement. Compared to their size they are verry fast and agile. Big Animals like blue whales are slwo in their changing of direktion, they have a huge mass and therefore a change in the direction of movement is slowed down. In Films this natural behaviour is simulated." ]

[ 4 ]

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[ "ggrnunt", "ggrownu" ]

[ "Social cues mostly, to indicate to the other person that our brain is loading but we're not done talking." ]

[ 10 ]

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[ "g0ia4fx", "g0i72vx" ]

[ "Imagine that you build a computer chip that adds numbers together very quickly. If you use it correctly, you can use that same chip to multiply numbers. For example, 5\\*5 is just 5+5+5+5+5. Even though the chip can't multiply numbers, you can still use it to multiply numbers. But if you want to multiple large numbers it gets slower and slower because you need to add more times. So you build another chip that can both add and multiply. Now it multiplies much faster than before, even on large numbers. But adding that functionality to the chip makes the chip bigger and more complex. Unfortunately, that causes addition to slow down a little bit. It's still fast, just not as fast as before. If you need to multiply a lot of numbers, the chip that can multiply will be fastest for you. If you only need a little multiplication, but mostly just use addition, the first chip will be faster. --- This is a big simplification and both ARM and x86 natively support multiplication. But the general idea is that ARM natively supports fewer operations but is faster at the ones it supports. So what's faster for you depends on what you're trying to do." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "dh7pnvj", "dh7rl81", "dh82cfc", "dh7pl6e" ]

[ "Blue eyes are what are called Autosomal recessive (this isn't necessarily 100% true, but it is good enough we can work with it). Autosomal recessive means that both alleles (meaning genes that you get from your parents) need to be recessive in order to be expressed in the offspring. Now lets say that this blue eyed person's alleles are represented by 'rr'. A person needs two little 'r's, one from the father and one from the mother, to have blue eyes. Here's where it gets interesting. Father and Mother do not need to have blue eyes to necessarily have a blue eyed kid. If Mom has a Brown eyed allele and blue eyed allele, she will have brown eyes, but still carry a blue eyed gene, or what we would write as 'Rr'. If the father has the same 'Rr' pattern, then there is 1/4 chance of one of their kids getting 'rr' and having blue eyes. Also, they will have a 1/2 chance of getting a kid with 'Rr', meaning the gene is still present, even if it isn't being expressed. A one more point before I wrap up with an answer. Since blue eyes do not necessarily put a person at risk of early death in the wild, they are not selected against in population. The lack of disadvantage means that the likelihood of someone with blue eyes living as long as someone with brown eyes is pretty good, and increases the chances of a blue eyed person mating with another blue eyed person, or a brown eyed person with an 'r' allele. You could even argue that blue eyes are selected for in modern populations, as some consider those with blue eyes more attractive and therefore increase that person's chances of mating (although the applicability of that could definitely be questioned). In short Because a gene can be carried without being expressed in a person, it can survive a surprising amount of time without ever showing up as a blue eyed person. All it takes to express that gene is one other person with that recessive allele to mate with them, and a blue eyed person can be born. And because blue eyes are not usually selected against in nature, when someone does appear with blue eyes they are just as likely to mate as any other member of the population, increasing the chances of persistence in population. Edit: I should have probably made this a bit more clear, eye color is not 100% controlled by one gene, it is controlled by quite a few genes that give each eye a unique hue and pattern. Eye color as whole however does work pretty well in models for autosomal traits." ]

[ 104 ]

[ [], [ "http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/patterns/" ], [ "https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/traits/eyecolor" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gksv6r4" ]

[ "a bunch of investors saw gamestop as a losing business and expected the price to go down. they shorted gamestop stock. that means they borrowed the stock and sold it, intending to buy it back at a lower price, and returning it. a bunch of redditors banded together and kept on buying the stock, driving the price higher and higher. eventually when the contract expires, the people that shorted the stock will be forced to buy back those stock at much higher price than they borrowed it at, losing money. e.g. if I borrow 10k shares of your GME when price is $100/share, sell it, expect it goes down to $50/share, buy 10k shares back and give you back your stocks, I make $500k profit. however if the price goes up to $200/share, then I have to cover the short and buy 10k shares at $200 price, costing me $2mil buy and holding a stock, you can only ever lose at most 100% of your investment. shorting a stock, you can lose much more." ]

[ 7 ]

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[ "ebcq3yv", "ebcq5mj" ]

[ "Red Velvet cake is actually just chocolate cake with red food colouring most of the time. So when you see it in shops and cafes it has that hot red colour because it's the red colouring mixed with the type of chocolate that was used in the cake. Obviously the colour of the cocoa powder will make the red darker, and the addition of extra food colouring would make the red even hotter. To be honest, from what I've seen (the fact that I know a lot of people who make red velvet cake), I wouldn't recommend eating it for the fact there's a lot of colouring in there. Sometimes, more than one colouring is used, for example a colour that would lighten the cake slightly and then, the red on top. Or, they use gel colouring instead of liquid to make it that vibrant and rich red colour. Anyways, hope that helped." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "epvx47m", "epvz140" ]

[ "The smoother a surface is the less diffrence there is in reflection of light. Its the same thing when you take a standard sheet of steel and grind/buff it down to be extremely smooth. Youll have almost a mirror because most of the light is now reflected in a uniform manner." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "ef4we1l", "ef4vm9x", "ef54tvv", "ef4y6h5" ]

[ "Eating sugar does not cause diabetes. Eating more sugar than you are evolved to handle on a consistent basis can give you diabetes. Humming Birds are evolved to only eat nectar so that high sugar content is appropriate." ]

[ 17 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "edrid0l" ]

[ "Your muscle contracts and won't relax, and stays in a contracted state. There is still some medical mysteries about it, and most of the literature points to muscle fatique, dehydration, and/or electrolyte (usually sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium etc) deficiencies or imbalances. I've researched the topic a few times, as I occasionally have problems when swearing off carbs and I haven't seen all that much definitive about the mechanisms. I can wake up in the middle of the night with my calf muscle locked solid to the point my toes are pointed down, I'm in massive pain, and I have huge problems stretching out my calf muscle enough to stand up flat footed. As far as treatment, fluids, electrolytes, heat, massage (or even using something like a foam roller), and stretching are the best treatments I've found for it." ]

[ 12 ]

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[ "fmoiyhe" ]

[ "Certain viruses are retroviruses, which means that they integrate themselves into the host cells genome. When the cell replicates the virus genome is replicated with it. So it becomes a part of the cell more or less. Other viruses (such as coronavirus) just dumps its RNA into the cell and the cellular machinery makes more copies of the virus. But because it is not integrated into the genome it does not persist long term" ]

[ 8 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e2xocaq", "e2xnc9j" ]

[ "The OS observes the things it can observe. Things like accessing/modifying memory, opening/reading/writing to/closing files, interacting with devices, etc. There are many programming errors that can lead to one of those things going wrong. If you try to access memory that isn't within your program's allowable space, the OS will see it. But it may not know whether that's because you did bad arithmetic on a pointer, or because you failed to check the length of an array, or because you just put a random value into a variable and tried to read whatever lives there. They all look the same to the OS. It's not dissimilar to being at a restaurant, and ordering the steak medium rare, and having a plate of pasta delivered. You can tell your server that it isn't what you ordered, but you can't tell him or her why. To troubleshoot that, the server and the expediter and the kitchen staff would need to go over what happened and figure out where the error occurred. As far as you're concerned, any of the mistakes that could have led to a pasta being served to you are equivalent. Wrong food. The only way for you to have a better idea of what went wrong would be for you to be observing the entire process, which would impair your dining experience (because then you would need to be observing the whole process for every dish you ordered)." ]

[ 22 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "dynldqr", "dynmx3b", "dynwdai" ]

[ "Sanctions mean reduced or no trade, reduced or no foreign aid packages, reduced or not military support, reduced or no immigration, reduced or no travel. And depending on the severity of the sanctions it is potentially the step before fully declaring war." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ee0xc9a", "ee0x6en", "ee0yqiu", "ee0xgmc", "ee1dna6" ]

[ "Actually, yes. You produce heat from your tissues, and lose heat from your skin. Fat people have a bit more skin but a lot more tissue, thus they have a higher mass:surface area ratio. Skinny people have a lot less tissue, but only a little less surface area. They produce a bit less heat but lose a lot more, proportionally, because they have a lower mass:surface area ratio." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gbz1uu5", "gbz1uwy", "gbzi1rf" ]

[ "People who experience blunted emotional affect as a result of mental health conditions such as severe depression or post traumatic stress have the capacity to feel happiness and empathy, however that capacity is being actively suppressed by the mental health condition. MDMA and other similar psychoactive drugs (notably psilocybin and LSD) can temporarily weaken that active suppression of emotional affect, re-opening emotional pathways that have been locked away but are still there in the brain." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

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[ "dgdis3u" ]

[ "I am unaware of any significant attempts by fossil fuel companies to prevent/slow down the adoption of solar and wind energy. Nor would I suspect they'd be much concerned about it. The primary use for fossil fuels isn't fixed power generation - where they have long happily co-existed with nuclear and hydroelectric - but rather mobile uses. Since wind is useless for powered mobile applications and solar only slightly less useless, there is no reason for fossil fuel companies to impede their development. What you might be reacting to is the fact that *power companies* don't particularly like wind/solar because they're often forced to buy it at rates far in excess of its actual value to them. Because wind/solar is unpredictably intermittent power, it's value is far less than the value of the power from the power company's fixed assets. However, states often require their power companies to pay consumer rates for electricity buyback. When power companies do succeed in adjusting solar/wind purchase rates to a more reasonable level, they are often accused of attacking renewable energy." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dbvksip", "dbvrs47" ]

[ "A motor with a pulley and a belt which drives another pulley. The alternative is direct drive. That can include drive via gearing, shaft, friction wheel, or other." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "e1wkn40", "e1wklvm", "e1x72xz", "e1x64qh", "e1xbrw0" ]

[ "It usually happens when you eat a lot (this is the usual cause of Thanksgiving sleepiness, not Tryptophan). Your body diverts resources (like blood) to aid in digestion. Your digestive system is working hard, so your body responds to give it what it needs, just like if you were excercising." ]

[ 86 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

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[ "dik2rny", "dikj0pt", "dikbfd5" ]

[ "Cop here: We know most of the scumbags in our area. If we don't recognize someone from a video, we'll send an email out asking if anyone else does. 90% of the time we'll get an email back saying, \"Yeah, that's Larry Johnson. He likes to break into cars\". That's how it's done in my department." ]

[ 11 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

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[ "fjjkths", "fjjkl2a", "fjjkicv" ]

[ "You touch germs with your hands. Hands don't have big holes in them though. So you don't get sick. Your face has big holes in it. Touch your face with your hands and you put germs on your hole filled face." ]

[ 59 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "f7779i2", "f7773mx" ]

[ "You're probably pushing it at an angle that causes the speaker to partially push against the wall of your ear canal, muffling the sound" ]

[ 16 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g9g6nco", "g9gbk1y" ]

[ "It's okay if it doesn't make sense because we are 3 Dimentional beings. Basically you could see all sides of an object at one time." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.howtodrawforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/5-How-to-Draw-a-Cube.jpg", "https://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/eps-gif/TesseractProjection_700.gif" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ey5qujb", "ey5tsq5" ]

[ "This depends. It is certainly possible as the lawyer is not required to disclose any statements from his client done in confidentiality. But the work a lawyer does is not dependent on the clients guilt. Even guilty peolpe havet he right to a proper defense to ensure a fair trial. So a lot of lawyers will start any conversation with a new client by stating that they do not have to tell the lawyer if they are guilty or not but to never lie to any questions. It is up to the procecutors to prove guilt and up to the defense attorney to defend against the evidence and testimonies. So in theory the attorney does not even have to talk to his client as he only needs to care about the content of the discovery which is what will be put forward in the trial. The conversations between the client and attorney is more about what kinds of deals the client is willing to do before the court even starts. The only time it helps for an attorney to know about crimes his client commited is if disclosing evidence for those crimes helps the client out in the more serious case. The \"I did not kill them because I was robbing the gas station across town\" defense." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [] ]

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[ "dz967uf" ]

[ "Oil sitting on top of the road causes that. Once it rains for a while the oil washes away and it becomes much safer to drive on." ]

[ 14 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g233qd6" ]

[ "VRAM (RAM of your graphics card) mostly stores textures and various internal calculation stages. If you have more VRAM than the game (or the other task) needs, nothing will happen. If you have less, various issues may occur: say, if the graphics card is unable to store all required textures for the game scene, it will have to unload some of them and request the required ones from the disk which is slow. At best, some textures will be blurry if the game's engine accounts for that. At worst, the game will crash or not run at all." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fy697oh", "fy6c9o1", "fy6dcf8", "fy6l2cg" ]

[ "> Wouldn't it be more advantageous to remain calm? No, it wouldn't, because you actually need to pump more blood and breathe faster so you can send enough nutrients and oxygen to your extremities to be able to run as fast as you can or to be able to fight. Have you ever heard those stories of people who did impressive thing while under stress because their lives were in danger? Like moving something really heavy while they normally wouldn't be able to do it? Well, that you sympathetic nervous system releasing adrenaline and kicking the response I talked about in the last paragraph. Basically, your body is redirecting all your resources to the fight or flight response." ]

[ 31 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

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[ "di684po" ]

[ "Shared experiences create a bond between people that make them feel closer as a group. The more vivid and memorable the experience, the closer and faster the bonds are formed. If you want to make a group of people feel closer - like a bunch of coworkers, or a church group, or a fraternity/sorority - one good way is to have everyone go on some sort of adventure where they face some danger, experience some fear and apprehension, but everything comes out fine. Examples include a ropes course, bungee jumping, skydiving, rafting, etc. Hazing is a perversion of this. The new recruits for an organization (often a fraternity, but sometimes a football team, dorm, club, etc.) are hurt, humiliated, and \"tortured\", which creates a strong bond between them via their vivid shared experience. It actually creates a bond between the hazed and the hazers if the end of the experience is positive and seen in good fun. What starts as a positive attempt to create a shared experience can turn into hazing as each year the more senior people in the group take it farther and farther with the new recruits, partly in retaliation for what happened to them. It can eventually get seriously dangerous, cruel, and sadistic, if nobody speaks up." ]

[ 7 ]

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[ "url" ]

[ "fsxthns" ]

[ "In most cases it is because there is overhead to get that speed, so carriers who offer gigabit sometimes say 940 because that's the fastest your information goes, they tack on another 60mbps to help get your data through their network properly. But this is really just best effort. The actual medium of ethernet depends so many factors that they cant guarantee you will get those speeds anyways. If you dont have the right wireless or wired router you wont get that speed. If you have the incorrect ethernet wires or wrong network cards you wont get those speeds." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "exzw1yo", "ey03u4b" ]

[ "When a commercial airline plane perform a banking turn the pilot keeps the plane roll rate & rate of turn that closely matches the g-force to 1g with centripidal force to keep it comfortable for crew & passengers & prevent it becoming a problem in cabin & cargo bay If the pilot need to perform a turn that will increase or decrease the g-force beyond +/- 0.2 g they will illuminate the seatbelt sign" ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e60wfg7", "e60wlw3", "e60zjms", "e60wysr", "e60wojz" ]

[ "It consumes fuel. You can't create energy out of nothing but there isn't any issue with creating energy by using something up. Burning gasoline releases more energy than it takes to start it burning but that isn't against physics either." ]

[ 25 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dqufy5m", "dqufyp9" ]

[ "It depends on the particular kind of storage. In magnetic storage, like a spinning-disk hard drive, it magnetizes the region storing the bit in the opposite direction. (In practice, hard drives write entire blocks at a time, but the technology could theoretically be managed a bit at a time.) In typical flash storage, like in solid-state drives or external flash drives, it can't write a single bit at a time. In order to change a bit from a 1 to a 0, it erases an entire block of memory, then rewrites the new data into it. In DRAM, which is the typical kind of RAM in a computer, it connects the capacitor holding the bit to a current drain, which allows it to discharge. (Similarly to others, standard DRAM actually can only write a whole line at a time, so switching a single bit means writing the previous value into all the other bits.) In SRAM, which is typically used for things like on-CPU caches, the bit line is set to 0 and then the write line is set to 1. The transistors switch into the alternative configuration, and then the write line is set back to 0, which causes them to maintain their current configuration until written again." ]

[ 24 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dc4dzea", "dc4e1n4" ]

[ "Volkswagen isn't being sued over the pollution that the cars are putting out, they're being sued because they altered their emissions standards testing to report that the vehicles they produce are more efficient and create fewer carbon emissions. It's a case of false advertising and a \"defective\" product. Vintage cars, or cars not built for mass production purposes also have different standards, and may not have to meet the same requirements." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gyc2n9v" ]

[ "A lot of infectious bacteria have specific receptors on their surfaces that recognize similar ones on specific cell types, which is how UTIs localize on urethras. That may be a part of it!" ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "grr9g0l" ]

[ "A knife is a tool that takes the force applies to it and focuses it along a very narrow edge. This concentrates the force in one place, and helps it to break the bonds holding the material you are cutting together. Those bonds have different strengths in different materials, making them correspondingly easier or harder to cut. If the material you are trying to cut is even stronger than the material that the knife is made of, then most of the force will wind up going towards deforming and wearing away the edge of the blade instead of cutting through the material." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g5bnxei" ]

[ "They are determined by the Fed. It's just a numerical designation to identify each institution. There a a bunch of distinct institutions bin the US. Nothing beyond the institution is in the routing number. That's why you have to give an account number at that institution as well with instructions." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g2fjali", "g2g51dc", "g2hgmr9" ]

[ "It's usually noisy, and you're being shaken a lot and having to compensate, so even though it doesn't feel like exercise, you're still expending effort. You're also surrounded by strangers, which is mentally taxing. It's less tiring if you can manage to somehow not mind at all and also wedge yourself in to let all your muscles relax, but then you'll ache for when you're moving around and that, too, is tiring." ]

[ 20 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g99xhx0", "g99xw1c" ]

[ "They don't know that, and in fact absolutely can sprout inside fruit. It's not common, and in most cases there isn't enough moisture for them to keep going, but it can happen." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [], [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/5kcadw/why_dont_seeds_germinate_whilst_inside_ripe_fruit/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=ios_app&utm_name=iossmf" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dfirgis", "dfirfaj", "dfirfqs" ]

[ "It has to do with the quantity of salt involved. If you throw a cell into a cup of salt water 3 things can happen. If there's the same salt in the cell and water, there is no change (this is called an isotonic solution). If there's more salt in the cell than in the water, then water passes through the cell membrane (osmosis) into the cell (hypotonic solution). If there's more salte in the water than in the cell, then water is drawn out of the cell (hypertonic solution). The reason that salt kills microbes is because of this. If the cells are in a super salty environment, the balance is upset and they lose too much water to be able to live. How much salt is necessary is dependent on the organism. Salt water creatures can have the opposite problem. Because they're evolved to live in an environment that has a certain concentration of salt, if they are moved to freshwater, they will get sick and die." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dk4l98n", "dk4oj8t", "dk4njkq", "dk4l5zu" ]

[ "Prior to that time coins got their value from the content of precious metals in them. They had that specific value (at the time of minting) of gold, silver, nickel or copper alloyed with other metals to make the coin." ]

[ 48 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g47xkdg", "g47xo31", "g4805a9" ]

[ "Goes to the owner of the hospital to pay for the cost. The rest he keeps it. USA is capitalism gone wrong. Where they can improve their profits they'll" ]

[ 4 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dlet57i", "dleupeq", "dleuvk1" ]

[ "I don't think we do, we just keep track of them much more carefully. If we cared as much about bunny health as we do about human health, and if bunnies could tell us about when they felt sick, I'm sure we would know about a similar number of diseases/conditions with them." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "djnis31" ]

[ "Not all memory is the same some memory only sticks around until the task is completed. Then the information is purged to make room for the next task. Walking through a door is a cue to your brain that the tasks in the last room are done and you can start new things in the new room. Even virtual doors in video games, can effect memory. When subjects moved their avatars across a room vs moving them to another room, the people who moved them into another room had a harder time remembering what objects their avatars had in there backpack, even though the distance traveled was the same." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gvctcdj", "gvcoead", "gvcntym", "gvcoz13" ]

[ "Depends how nutritionally diverse the one food source is. Some, typically called \"superfoods\" contain a wide range of nutrients that allow them to cover a lot of bases. Others are so nutritionally poor that all they're really providing is calories. It also depends on the nutrients missing. Some deficiencies manifest much faster than others. Compare for example vitamin C deficiency, which is scurvy, to vitamin D deficiency, which is fragile bones (something you can go never knowing you have if you just never happen to fall down the stairs). Another thing to consider is that we're all living with a bunch of adverse side effects of being alive already. Just because you experience them doesn't mean you necessarily realise that's what you're experiencing or how to fix it." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dfvbrya" ]

[ "The guys with huge, muscular legs are sprinters. They squat and deadlift specifically to build those huge muscles, to give them massive acceleration and short-distance speed. Long-distance runners tend to be the opposite, for the reasons you describe. They tend to have longer, more spindly-looking legs." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fzlvwm3" ]

[ "Because packages are delivered when people aren’t home and those delivering them don’t have time to wait even if they are." ]

[ 13 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dwog9ee", "dwoiehl", "dwoki2s" ]

[ "Because the nerves responsible for pain are different than the ones that feels pressure. A numbing agent basically makes it so that the nerves responsible for sensing pain don’t fire any messages. But you’re nerves that sense pressure work differently so the numbing agent doesn’t work on it." ]

[ 18 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "elj74qr", "elixvnu" ]

[ "Entropy is a statistical phenomenon (all thermodynamics is, really). It is statistically more likely that, as time progresses, entropy of a closed system increases. This is because there are generally many more ways to have a higher entropy system than a lower entropy one. As such... > passing of time is defined as an increase of entropy ...is not a reasonable definition of time. Increase in entropy is a property of the passage of time, especially enough time (in closed systems). So in answering your question: time does not have to have gone backwards." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e6evw2f" ]

[ "It is, but Congress passed it anyway because the second amendment is *juuuuust* vague enough for them to get away with it, and people wouldn't stop shooting each other." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ddbau01" ]

[ "It's not clear yet, because the new rules haven't been passed. We don't know if they will apply to current visa holders or not. However, H1-B visas are not permanent - they must be renewed. So if the rules only apply to brand new visas, current visa holders won't be affected. If they apply to renewed visas as well, it could be a huge problem for the people currently residing in the US. One change currently being discussed is a decrease in the total number of visas issued each year. If that happens, a company that was allotted 10 H1-Bs may only be able to renew 5 (as an example). This means 5 people would have to go back to their original country. Another possible change is an increase in the minimum wage for the jobs eligible for H1-B visas. Right now, the job must pay $60,000 a year to be eligible for the visa (they're supposed to be used for high-skill jobs when a company can't find any Americans who are capable). If that increases to $130,000 then a company may not be able to afford to pay the employee that new minimum, or they may be able to find an American who will do the job for less than that. That visa holder would likely be sent back in that case as well. The technology companies (who employ many H1-B holders) are going to lobby heavily against this change, so it's unlikely that the changes will be as extreme as the current discussion makes it seem." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g6kef64" ]

[ "Our limbs are way more complicated than an octopus tentacle. Much of the initial development of our limbs happens in the womb when the embryo and fetus are undergoing development. In the womb, your stem cells are specializing and creating all of the different tissues needed to make your organs. After you are born, your limbs are already intact for the most part. From there they grow. If you lose a limb, it doesn't regrow because the stem cells needed to grow the tissues don't reactivate. As a result, the wound just heals and forms scar tissue. Many believe that the complexity of the limb and the way the wound heals are factors in why the stem cells don't reactivate." ]

[ 12 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g81u4ct", "g81q97f", "g81v53s", "g81k7x4", "g81kgk7", "g81l1sd", "g81ueqe" ]

[ "A big reason is how they are made. A standard screw driver has a forged tip. You take a round rod head it up to red hot and mash it into the shape you desire. This leaves you with a rod with a tip on it but you can't get much leverage on a narrow round rod so a handle is added. Hex keys are either milled or more often extruded into shape. Since they are hex shaped and not round all the way through you can get a decent grip on them, add a 90 degree bend on one end and you can get even more leverage and have the choice of high torque or low torque. What people think of as typical screw head designs also have an issue that internal and external hex head fasteners don't have - the driver will pop out of the fastener unless downward pressure is applied. You need the big handle on a screw driver to keep the driver in the screw. With an allen head screw you don't need to put any downward pressure at all, you just need to apply torque. This is also why you don't see Philips or flat head screws used in applications where there is a need to torque the fasteners down to prevent backing out. You just can't get much torque onto a Philips or flat head screw. An Allen head screw will stay seated on the driver until there is a material failure. As said elsewhere you can get Allen head screw drivers but they're not popular because there just isn't much need for them. Either it's a low torque application where an Allen key is sufficient or torque matters and something like a socket wrench is better suited." ]

[ 204 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g0vubx0", "g0vtrhx" ]

[ "Are you sure you're not sick? I had faint purple rings under my eyes that I didn't think much about. Turns out I had Hashimoto's disease and my thyroid had nearly stopped working." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g9hract" ]

[ "It is the number of tests that come back positive compared to the total number of cases. For example, if 6 tests come back positive out of 200, the positivity rate is 3% (6/200 = 0.03 or 3%)." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dduej7i" ]

[ "Less access to contraceptives. Developed nations also have better education when it comes to sex-ed, and they aren't tied down to their core family as much." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "du88vmm" ]

[ "So, contrary to how it feels, what caffeine does isn't \"wake you up,\" it \"stops you from feeling tired.\" Leaning a bit more towards ELI15, you feel tired/drowsy thanks to a brain chemical called \"adenosine.\" Adenosine is the chemical in your brain that creates that feeling, and caffeine has the unique structure and chemical reaction to block the adenosine receptors in your brain, basically preventing you from feeling tired. However, your brain is still generating the adenosine, and when the caffeine wears off, rather than a gradual flow or generation, the adenosine starts flowing rather quickly again to the receptors. Without caffeine to block the receptors, you get all that feeling at once, going from the full awareness you had to immediately feeling drowsy." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dsoe58w", "dsokoqd", "dsohwnp", "dsonle5" ]

[ "There have been many more soft surfaces on the hard surface. the hard surface still sees wear for each interaction it is just much less than the soft surface" ]

[ 15 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eh0vpfo", "eh1jfr7" ]

[ "The best explanation for a 5yo would start with a description of how all of the pipes from city plumbing eventually lead to a wastewater treatment plant. Then a picture would be better than a thousand words - > URL_0 Explaining each step would be complicated, but they’d understand that the waste water goes through many steps before it’s ready for reuse. The cleaning products are removed in the secondary processing, after the solid waste and particles are removed. They are particularly easy to remove, as the law requires them to be. Oil, gasoline, and toxic liquids are removed afterwards, are much more difficult to remove, and are illegal to dump in your waste water. It’s too bad that this particular picture doesn’t show the methane being collected and used as fuel by the plant, as a 5yo would probably think that’s cool" ]

[ 15 ]

[ [ "https://goo.gl/images/PpHvMJ" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dg2rmzc" ]

[ "There are a lot of different ways to find prime numbers. One of the easiest, but most time consuming, is just to write a computer program to brute force it. You pick a giant number and then start dividing it by every other number smaller than it. If you have a sufficiently powerful computer, you can find some pretty big primes. The type of number you're talking about is a Mersenne prime, which is of the form of (2^p)-1 where p is also a prime. They are relatively easy to run this brute force calculation because there is a [special test]( URL_0 ), proved with math, that determines whether these large numbers are prime or not. A lot of mersenne primes have been found via the Great Prime Search project where people use distributed computing time (like the idle time on your computer) to help verify if a number is prime or not." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas%E2%80%93Lehmer_primality_test" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dg4bzao" ]

[ "I can't explain it, but as someone who has been shaving their head for the last 40 odd years, I can tell you that I've experienced very few things in this life that feel better than sinking my freshly shaved head into a smooth winter cold pillow." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fm3hi9m" ]

[ "Say you want to build a house. You have no idea how to build a house. So you go talk to an expert, an architect or an engineer, etc. and ask them for help. They don't know what you want, but they can help direct you define what you want or need and make sure you don't skip any important steps. They don't \"build a house\" for you, they help you build your own house. A psychologist does not have a goal, so much as they help you with your own goals." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eh2t6s4", "eh2z3vt", "eh2tmx5" ]

[ "The dimples actually improve the aerodynamics and flight characteristics. I know that seems counter intuitive, but their's hard science behind it. The dimples create very small air currents near the surface of the ball. The balanced cushion of air stabilizes the ball as it flies (hopefully) to the putting green." ]

[ 16 ]

[ [], [ "https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_coefficient" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ddulqf4" ]

[ "The goal is to have so many, so insanely many, that there is no hope to counter them. You could never counter enough through any means. Even if tons malfunction, or otherwise can't launch or be used, you still have heaps left over that will work. And adding on, nuclear targets aren't \"10\", they number in the 500-1000 range. And because of the above situation, you don't shoot 1 at key targets, you shoot 3-5 at each target, from different platforms, from different sites, and so on, to ensure, yup its gonna get messed up pretty bad. You can easily see from this you may need 5000 weapons in some cases, just for strike! In some of the now de-classified nuclear targeting documents, there were situations such as having 5 weapons aimed at a single bridge, just to make sure there ain't gonna be no bridge there, to make sure. And lastly... you need to have all of your weapons now, because if there are launches, your production facilities will be destroyed, so it will be ages before you can build more. You need weapons for the aftermath as well." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ejhwnrc", "ejigzez" ]

[ "Is that really common? I generally crave chicken noodle soup and vinegary things like pickles. Sometimes Chef Boyardi beef ravioli" ]

[ 12 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ffjcsei", "ffjkhhy", "ffkhxnt" ]

[ "Because circles, circular looking things, rotations, and circle-looking curves are *everywhere*. If a given thing could include a circle even in the most tangentially abstract manner pi will find its way in to your calculations somehow. It's an important number because it's a fundamental facet of anything circular. Because we live in a world where we have things that curve pi will appear everywhere, making it pretty important. It's not that pi is important, but that circles are important." ]

[ 31 ]

[ [], [], [ "https://math.stackexchange.com/a/689387" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g7zax0x", "g7z86gp" ]

[ "Most modern nations started when people with similar cultural backgrounds, with the same language got together and made a country. Catalan however has a long history of being culturally different from the rest of Spain. And they speak a different language than the rest of Spain. Them joining Spain involved a lot of the people who didn't want to join Spain getting shot by a fascist dictator. So pretty early on, Spain gave the Catalans more autonomy from the rest of Spain once the dictator died. This made them become even more different. Then things started getting bad with the Spanish Economy, and Catalan thought they might do better without the rest of the country." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "edbv9be" ]

[ "Generally they aren't, a yellow/orange/white flame's colour is related to its temperature as the soot particles act as blackbodies and emit a blackbody spectrum, the peak wavelength depends on the temperature of the particles. If the flame colour is blue (or anything else like green) then it is due to emission spectra rather than blackbody" ]

[ 9 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dvv5arp", "dvv91y5", "dvvh2wg" ]

[ "Need to hydrate and eat some bananas. Not sure why exactly, but it's due to overexertion or fatigue. Water, electrolytes and potassium will calm that down." ]

[ 8 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "eo3sxmo" ]

[ "There is a lot of metal in the handle of a pot, and so it can deposit a lot of heat into your skin. This means it can do a lot of damage to your skin. But a soldering iron is small, and so it can't dump as much heat. So, even if you burnt the same part of your hand, the burn from a pot's metal handle would be much worse. However, the skin on your fingers is much thicker than your skin nearly anywhere else, so you are highly protected. In the first case, you just scalded the outer layers of your skin. On the back of your hand, because of the greater amount of heat and thinner skin, you cooked the full depth of your skin." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dea911w", "deafzj3" ]

[ "Not a science-barista of whatever, but the ELI5 I got from my opthomologist family friend when I asked this years ago was that our brains really want to interpret signals from our eyes as things, and especially movement. So if you stare at a flawless white wall without moving your eyes for about 30 seconds, you'll probably see things that aren't there (see : [Ganzfeld Experiment]( URL_1 ) ). Closing your eyes does this same thing, but in a way that our brains have become accustomed to, so the hallucinations are very minor and we tend to just ignore them after a few seconds/minutes. Sometimes they're also caused by an [Afterimage]( URL_2 ), or in some cases [Palinopsia]( URL_0 ) retaining a bright image even after the stimulus to our eyes is gone." ]

[ 15 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinopsia", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganzfeld_experiment", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterimage" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fa8lqlj", "fa8nm15" ]

[ "As I understand it, Essentially it's a problem of co-ordinating and distributing information. If you have 2000 players all in the same space, everyone needs to know where all the other players are, what they're doing, how they're moving, what projectiles they've set in flight, what THEY are doing, where they are heading, etc. This can amount to a sizable volume of data. Distributing and co-ordinating it isn't THAT difficult, but in order to prevent noticeable lag on they players end, it all has to happen unbelievably quickly. That's the tricky part. Not making it work, but making it work fast enough to be invisible and flawless. Remember, it's not just the speed of the pc/ console / servers that's a limiting factor, Telecommunications networks and geographical location also play a significant role." ]

[ 9 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fkzyn08", "fl0i0ej", "fl243o8" ]

[ "Because if your hand made contact with your mouth or saliva, you could spread germs (even if you don't feel sick) to other people." ]

[ 14 ]

[ [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fmzd4k4", "fmzgcmj", "fmzhhzp", "fmzcz1v" ]

[ "We all get what we need, and we have to earn that by doing what we're able to. A system for sharing stuff fairly. Requires that participants not be arseholes." ]

[ 6 ]

[ [], [], [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fv3iunl", "fv3fafk", "fv3f90s", "fv3h07r", "fv3j2r9", "fv3j6z8", "fv3xbke", "fv3qahn" ]

[ "\"Unfalsifiable\" is an unfortunate term. An unbreakable lock or an unsinkable ship sound like great things, so shouldn't an unfalsifiable theory be a really good one? Well, that's not what unfalsifiable is about. It simples means if the theory is false, we'd be wouldn't be able to tell. That doesn't make it wrong, it just makes it useless, if a theory can't be proven wrong, it can't be proven right, either. The problem with unfalsifiable theories is they are a dime a dozen, and there is no way to tell we one might be better than another. You might think the universe is a simulation, I believe it was sneezed out of the left nostril of a giant space tortoise. If neither can be proven wrong, why believe one over the other?" ]

[ 110 ]

[ [], [], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_teapot?wprov=sfla1" ], [], [], [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_teapot", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_Spaghetti_Monster" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e021n9r", "e021hm0" ]

[ "Because hexagons are the most efficient shape that can be arranged with no space in-between them. Using squares would require more materials for the wall, and although circles are the most efficient possible shape, space is lost between them. This phenomenon appears a lot in nature, although my favourite is tiling in bubbles, like the attached picture. Here there isn’t even a consciousness behind it, it’s just the best possible way to align things. URL_0" ]

[ 15 ]

[ [ "https://i.imgur.com/2RHHXEg.jpg" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "gvk6sr6" ]

[ "Not really a true premise, think of abandoned buildings. They decay rapidly, and for similar reasons. Both require ongoing maintenance to keep the elements and other organisms from destroying the entire structure." ]

[ 10 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dou2f3i", "dou2fsu" ]

[ "Usually not good things. First off, you'll start coughing. That's your reflexes trying to get whatever it is out of your lungs. If that doesn't work, your lungs will have an inflammatory response and start producing more mucus. Just to be clear, your lungs can't digest things at all. If a large bit of food gets in there and you can't cough it out, it's going to stay there. Since your lungs are dark and warm, it's a great place for bacteria to grow. You can get a nasty infection and might even get pneumonia. Do you know how much rice you inhaled? You might want to see a doctor. URL_0" ]

[ 34 ]

[ [ "https://www.livestrong.com/article/358555-what-happens-when-food-goes-into-the-lungs/" ], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e7ndjqh" ]

[ "The \"exactly same\" position is very hard thing to do. The same order in the rack, isn't the same as exact same position... there's so many variables. Looking the same isn't the same as \"exactly the same\". Variables like: How the felt on the table is, angle of the striking ball, speed of the striking ball, spin on the striking ball... the smallest of variation in gaps between the racked balls.... & #x200B;" ]

[ 3 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "g4pa9c3" ]

[ "The Sirius On Demand library is only offered through the Sirus app on your mobile device. So its not using the Satellites. As for how that works, it works not much differently than Netflix, Amazon Prime, Spotify etc. If you have a landline or wireless data connection, it works. You may have Sirius On Demand in your car, but that's because your car receiver is using a wireless cell connection (like OnStar does). (rarely mentioned tho is that Sirius has ground based transmitters in urban areas to augment the two satellites that your receiver is listening to, in case of building interference etc., I thought that was neat)." ]

[ 5 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "deudoi6", "deudext", "deudjw8", "deueknt" ]

[ "The big change recently is that we have swiftly discovered about 1000 planets outside our solar system. Given how few places we've been able to look, this means there must in total be *billions* of planets out there. Decades ago, it was *believed* that there were lots of planets out there, but now it is *known* that planets are in fact extremely common. Once you know there are loads of planets, then it becomes a matter of statistics that some of them probably have life." ]

[ 14 ]

[ [], [], [], [ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5W2IpVMw0E" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "fz3rv96" ]

[ "Biologist here! We have taste buds down our throats, about a quarter way to the stomach. It takes the stimulation of them, the feeling of food in our esophagus, and the gas released from digestion, for our body to say \"good job, you're fed\" or \"yes, you enjoy the taste of candy\" Otherwise we could just suck on berries to feel full, gaining no actual nutrients and dying from starvation, thirst or vitamin deficiency. Sugar was rare in our first 500,000 years, and is high in energy, it was a super food to early man, so more rewarding when it breaks down in the stomach and triggers a reaction for reward" ]

[ 12 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "e6g1q1b", "e6g1rut" ]

[ "It's to clear out any air that could be in the syringe. Pushing air bubbles into your blood system leads to very serious complications." ]

[ 22 ]

[ [], [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ejebpeo" ]

[ "You mean in wing suits? These only work on steep downhill runs. They are not able to fly parallel to level ground for more than a moment." ]

[ 4 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dfvfskg" ]

[ "Whatsapp uses a modified form of the signal protocol - URL_0 The signal protocol is open source and has been scrutinized by crypto experts all over the world. It's probably pretty damn tight. You can check it out yourself if you like. URL_1 Could whatsapp have built in a backdoor in the closed source - sure, but why? It would probably destroy the company if that info was leaked. Also worth noting - anytime you use software you trust the programmer/companies that wrote that software. And all companies and people involved in making the hardware that your software runs on! However, governments and malicious parties don't have to break the encryption. They just hack your or your conversations partners phone. Either by fooling you into running code for them or hacking android/iOS or the sim card/gsm etc. If you use whatsapp web it opens even more possibilities for intrusion. Still, at the moment whatsapp is your best choice for a secure communication platform." ]

[ 3 ]

[ [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_Protocol", "https://github.com/WhisperSystems" ] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "ef6f41n" ]

[ "A \"norm\" is an idea of how things ought to be or how people ought to act, in a fairly practical way. For example, \"all dogs should be leashed when in public\" or \"police officers should not take bribes\" or \"you shouldn't wear shorts to a job interview\" are all norms. Sometimes, but not always, norms overlap with laws, or with ethical principles, or with conventions--but not always. Academic studies of normative theory or normative issues involve studying why and how those norms form, what impact they have on societies, cultures, and individuals. For example, heteronormative studies focus on traditional norms about how men and women should act and dress, and how those norms (e.g., men should be strong and assertive breadwinners, women should be demure homemakers, people should only marry someone of the opposite sex), and what those norms do to society and to individuals, and whether there are moral or ethical reasons for or against those norms. & #x200B;" ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]

[ "dklwkof" ]

[ "My understanding of it is that as you start dehydrating, you get more, then less thirsty as you get used to the thirst or otherwise ignore the sensation. When you take in some water, your body registers that it's getting hydration, and kicks the desire into overdrive to make sure you get plenty of it." ]

[ 7 ]

[ [] ]

[ "url" ]

[ "url" ]