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10.1002/cncr.30428 | Medicine_easy_131 | The study showed that median overall survival among patients was 14.5 months, with survival ranging from 0 to 88 months. | Each unit increase in caregiver mastery was associated with a 16.1% decreased hazard of patient death (95% CI, 0.77-0.91, based on 88 cases). | The study showed that median overall survival among patients was 14.5 months, with survival ranging from 0 to 88 months. After controlling for confounding factors, researchers found that caregiver mastery was independently associated with patient survival. Specifically, each unit increase in mastery was associated with a 16.1% reduction in the risk of patient death (95% CI, 0.771-0.913; P <.001). | When known covariates were used in multivariable models (adjusting for the patient's functional status [KPS], postsurgical treatment, type of surgery, and age), only the association between caregiver mastery and patient survival remained statistically significant. Each unit increase in caregiver mastery was associated with a 16.1% decreased hazard of patient death (95% CI, 0.77-0.91, based on 88 cases). Moderate to high versus lower levels of caregiver mastery both appeared to be significantly associated with an extended patient survival time (moderate vs low: hazard ratio, 0.523; 95% CI, 0.30-0.90 [P 5 .020]; and high vs low: hazard ratio, 0.359; 95% CI, 0.20-0.65 [P 5 .001], based on 88 cases). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/caregiver-characteristics-and-glioblastoma-multiforme-outcomes/article/569022/ |
10.1073/pnas.1214971109 | Medicine_easy_132 | Applied to gels, this method can predict how the two materials will aggregate to form a new one. | A difference in the local peak between the gels and bigels emerges at ϕ = 0.25, which corresponds to the critical density of the 1CM case . | In the case of the eye, this SNSF Professor highlighted how the mixture of two proteins with very specific characteristics rendered the organ transparent. Applied to gels, this method can predict how the two materials will aggregate to form a new one. The researchers managed to create it so quickly by combining DNA fragments with nanoparticles, a technique in which they are specialized. | In all cases, the structure factor of the gels agrees in a semiquantitative fashion with the structure factor of the bigels. A difference in the local peak between the gels and bigels emerges at ϕ = 0.25, which corresponds to the critical density of the 1CM case . At small interparticle distances (large q), the differences are minimal, whereas at large length scales (small q) the differences are more significant. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121105161212.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1186/gb-2013-14-7-r73 | Medicine_easy_133 | "Understanding this previously ignored part of the human genome, its role in human development, and how it may be taken over by disease, opens a new frontier in science with important implications for medical advances," said Philipp Kapranov, Ph.D., lead researcher at the St. Laurent Institute. | Our results suggest that gene regulation via vlincRNAs and macroRNAs could be a general theme in human cells. | Importantly, the group of researchers from U.S., Europe and Russia found that the elimination of these vlincRNAs caused the death of cancer cells. "Understanding this previously ignored part of the human genome, its role in human development, and how it may be taken over by disease, opens a new frontier in science with important implications for medical advances," said Philipp Kapranov, Ph.D., lead researcher at the St. Laurent Institute. "Future research into the role and function of vlincRNAs holds promise for both highly targeted diagnostic tests and more precise cancer treatments. | These properties make vlincRNA regions similar to macroRNAs which were previously associated only with the regulation of imprinting . Our results suggest that gene regulation via vlincRNAs and macroRNAs could be a general theme in human cells. In this respect, the abundance of these transcripts relative to annotated coding mRNAs is noteworthy. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130731093915.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1001/jama.2009.1943 | Medicine_easy_134 | If they were actually correcting chemical imbalances, it would mean that the exact same number of people who are depressed have each kind of chemical imbalance: The proportion of people who have too much serotonin is exactly the same as the fraction who don't have enough norepinephrine. | The present findings indicate that the efficacy of ADM treatment for depression varies considerably as a function of symptom severity. | In a population of depressed people, they all work equally well. If they were actually correcting chemical imbalances, it would mean that the exact same number of people who are depressed have each kind of chemical imbalance: The proportion of people who have too much serotonin is exactly the same as the fraction who don't have enough norepinephrine. The odds against that are astronomical. | Specific contrasts revealed that the regression coefficient (i.e., the slope representing the relationship between initial severity and change in symptoms) was more positive for each medication class relative to placebo: imipramine, F(1,707)=5.60, p=0.02; and paroxetine, F(1,707)=5.91, p=0.02. The present findings indicate that the efficacy of ADM treatment for depression varies considerably as a function of symptom severity. "True" drug effects (an advantage of ADM over placebo) were nonexistent-to-negligible among depressed patients with mild, moderate, and severe baseline symptoms, whereas they were large for patients with very-severe symptoms. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://discovermagazine.com/2010/the-brain/09-psychologist-says-antidepressants-are-just-fancy-placebos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+DiscoverMindBrain+%28Discover+Mind+%26+Brain%29 |
10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0798 | Medicine_easy_135 | However, patients receiving the therapies are older than those in the clinical trials used to evaluate them, pointing to a disconnect between research and practice that should be addressed, they noted. | 36 Although these practices were self-selected, their use of a cloud-based EHR platform allowed for the integration of real-world evidence from a large, geographically diverse cohort of patients with melanoma, NSCLC, or RCC. | The finding suggests that cancer immunotherapies are adopted at a much quicker pace than is typical for newly approved medical treatments, the researchers said. However, patients receiving the therapies are older than those in the clinical trials used to evaluate them, pointing to a disconnect between research and practice that should be addressed, they noted. The researchers found that it took less than four months after approval for the majority of eligible patients to receive treatment with at least one of the drugs. | [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] This issue is particularly relevant to checkpoint inhibitors because of age-related changes in immunity that might alter risks and benefits. 36 Although these practices were self-selected, their use of a cloud-based EHR platform allowed for the integration of real-world evidence from a large, geographically diverse cohort of patients with melanoma, NSCLC, or RCC. Furthermore, these patients were similar in age, sex, and race/ethnicity to the US population of patients with melanoma, NSCLC, and RCC according to estimates of disease prevalence in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data from 2014. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34024686802&p=1pl&v=1&x=V7M9zzFOhn6CjXB9WZIACw |
10.1186/gb-2013-14-7-r73 | Medicine_easy_136 | "Understanding this previously ignored part of the human genome, its role in human development, and how it may be taken over by disease, opens a new frontier in science with important implications for medical advances," said Philipp Kapranov, Ph.D., lead researcher at the St. Laurent Institute. | Vlinc_185 (C & D) represents an interesting example of a very long antisense transcript. | Importantly, the group of researchers from U.S., Europe and Russia found that the elimination of these vlincRNAs caused the death of cancer cells. "Understanding this previously ignored part of the human genome, its role in human development, and how it may be taken over by disease, opens a new frontier in science with important implications for medical advances," said Philipp Kapranov, Ph.D., lead researcher at the St. Laurent Institute. "Future research into the role and function of vlincRNAs holds promise for both highly targeted diagnostic tests and more precise cancer treatments. | Consistent with this, a K562-specific promoter element could be identified at the boundary of vlincRNA_377, upstream of the constitutive promoter controlling the ARL15 expression. Vlinc_185 (C & D) represents an interesting example of a very long antisense transcript. Due to the original constraint of annotating vlincRNAs as intergenic regions, the vlincRNA bounds did not extend over the KCNJ16 gene even though the RNAseq signal clearly extends into that gene (C). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130731093915.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Medicine_easy_137 | After patients were treated with antibiotics, the salt levels in their legs fell, the study reported. | This hypertonic microenvironment was accompanied by a significant reduction of L. major burden at the end of the experiment (2 nd time point; Figure 4B ). | "(I)nfected legs showed massive salt accumulation, while the uninfected legs were totally normal," Titze said. After patients were treated with antibiotics, the salt levels in their legs fell, the study reported. [STORY: Challenging convention: Visual cortex not solely responsible for processing images]
Despite the positive results, researchers warned that a high-salt diet should not be seen as a healthy regular routine. | Improved healing was paralleled by increased (Na + + K + )/H 2 O ratio in HSD mice ( Figure 4B ). This hypertonic microenvironment was accompanied by a significant reduction of L. major burden at the end of the experiment (2 nd time point; Figure 4B ). We found a tendency toward increased IFN-g production in HSD mice, suggesting that Leishmania-specific T cell responses may be involved in improved host defense with HSD ( Figure 4B ). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1113346345/salty-skin-may-ward-off-infection-030415/ |
10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000261 | Medicine_easy_138 | It might have done so by triggering an anticipatory feeling of stress, brought on by the memory of games past. | This finding is further supported by Kivlighan et al 19 who identified that the anticipatory cortisol response in a created rowing competition was significantly lower in more experienced athletes compared with novices. | While we donat know exactly how the alerts matched up with the spikes in heart rate, itas fair to assume that the stress of the game generally stimulated the sympathetic nervous systems of the fans. It might have done so by triggering an anticipatory feeling of stress, brought on by the memory of games past. This is not, after all, the first time people have reported that watching the English national team play was enough to precipitate a full-fledged biological stress response. | that the emotional response (eg, cognitive anxiety) before sport competition was significantly lower in more experienced athletes compared with less experience players. This finding is further supported by Kivlighan et al 19 who identified that the anticipatory cortisol response in a created rowing competition was significantly lower in more experienced athletes compared with novices. The results of our analysis on the level of competition might be influenced by the level of experience of the athletes within the studies. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34474732617&p=1pl&v=1&x=pcdQFFmMveKF7UrJyJtzvg |
10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.4618 | Medicine_easy_139 | In addition, the positive and negative predictive values were 73.1 percent and 91.2 percent, respectively. | The sensitivity and positive predictive value of ABLDs to assess the probability of DNS was approximately 75%, and the specificity and negative predictive value were approximately 90%. | The sensitivity and specificity of acute brain lesions to assess the probability of delayed neurological sequelae were 75.2 percent and 90.2 percent, respectively. In addition, the positive and negative predictive values were 73.1 percent and 91.2 percent, respectively. The researchers concluded that the presence of acute brain lesions was significantly associated with the development of delayed neurological sequelae. | 14,17 Importantly, we showed that the presence of ABLDs during the acute phase of CO poisoning was significantly associated with a 14-fold higher risk of developing DNS in the future compared with those who did not have ABLDs. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of ABLDs to assess the probability of DNS was approximately 75%, and the specificity and negative predictive value were approximately 90%. Therefore, we concluded that DWI is a useful modality for detecting ABLs and assessing the probability of DNS in patients with CO poisoning. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.diagnosticimaging.com/article/imaging-may-identify-potential-delayed-neurological-sequelae-after-carbon-monoxide-poisoning |
10.1073/pnas.1408439111 | Medicine_easy_140 | However, anonymous phone data can be examined regularly to map daily, weekly or monthly changes across an entire country, at less cost and with greater flexibility. | rate (i.e., the percentage of active MP subscriptions within the population) reached 96% in 2014 . | Their findings show maps made using mobile records are detailed, reliable and flexible enough to help inform infrastructure and emergency planners; particularly in low income countries, where recent population density information is often scarce. However, anonymous phone data can be examined regularly to map daily, weekly or monthly changes across an entire country, at less cost and with greater flexibility. When this information is repeated multiple times, over millions of users, we can extract a detailed picture of population density and how it changes over time in a given area." | The work highlights how facilitating access to anonymized mobile phone data might enable fast and cheap production of population maps in emergency and data-scarce situations. rate (i.e., the percentage of active MP subscriptions within the population) reached 96% in 2014 . Each MP communication can be located by identifying the geographic coordinates of its transmitting tower and the associated cell. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082456.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1210/jc.2013-2350 | Medicine_easy_141 | Women diagnosed with PCOS were hospitalized more often for mental health disorders such as depression, stress and anxiety than other study participants. | When estrogenic activity prevails, there is an increase in HDL-cholesterol and a decrease in LDL-cholesterol levels, whereas the opposite occurs when androgenic activity is higher . | Women who had PCOS also had a higher rate of endometrial cancer, or cancer of the lining of the uterus. Women diagnosed with PCOS were hospitalized more often for mental health disorders such as depression, stress and anxiety than other study participants. A PCOS diagnosis also was associated with a higher risk of late onset diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, asthma and musculoskeletal disorders. | As with glucose metabolism, the effect of HCs on lipid balance appears to be related to the formulation used. When estrogenic activity prevails, there is an increase in HDL-cholesterol and a decrease in LDL-cholesterol levels, whereas the opposite occurs when androgenic activity is higher . However, lipids seem to be less sensitive to the residual androgenic properties of the progestins 213, 216 -218) . | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/female-reproductive/59582-women-diagnosed-with-pcos-twice-as-likely-to-be-hospitalized.html |
10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1030 | Medicine_easy_142 | However, she says, the new bundled payment models are different because insurers are adding quality measures that increase accountability to the bundle, as well as additional services such as labor and delivery. | Thus, vast differences in practice patterns are likely to be driving the costly overuse of cesarean delivery in many US hospitals. | And they are more expensive than a vaginal delivery. However, she says, the new bundled payment models are different because insurers are adding quality measures that increase accountability to the bundle, as well as additional services such as labor and delivery. Expanding the rarely used model to include maternity care could represent a major shift in health care finance. | Even for women with lower-risk pregnancies, in which more limited variation might be expected, cesarean rates varied fifteenfold, from 2.4 percent to 36.5 percent. Thus, vast differences in practice patterns are likely to be driving the costly overuse of cesarean delivery in many US hospitals. Because Medicaid pays for nearly half of US births, government efforts to decrease variation are warranted. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40237818568&p=1pl&v=1&x=UbIfZ6fwxC-SSLoUKpAuow |
10.1126/science.1222939 | Medicine_easy_143 | The deal sheds light on Allergan's renewed strategic focus on new neuroscience drugs, Nicholson said. | These findings are consistent with cell culture studies demonstrating that glutamate receptor stimulation of synaptogenesis requires the release of BDNF to stimulate TrkB-mTOR signaling and synaptic protein synthesis (50) . | If successful in clinical trials, the pill could also be used "more widely" than Rapastinel, Nicholson said. The deal sheds light on Allergan's renewed strategic focus on new neuroscience drugs, Nicholson said. Nicholson also believes that the interest he's seeing in ketamine-inspired drugs could be the breakthrough needed to stir-up renewed interest among drugmakers in the neuroscience field, which declined somewhat after several promising Alzheimer's drug candidates failed to turn into treatments. | In addition, the synaptogenic actions of ketamine are blocked in mice with a knock-in of the BDNF Met allele that impairs BDNF mRNA transport to dendrites, as well as in conditional BDNF mutant mice (32, 49) . These findings are consistent with cell culture studies demonstrating that glutamate receptor stimulation of synaptogenesis requires the release of BDNF to stimulate TrkB-mTOR signaling and synaptic protein synthesis (50) . Activity-dependent release of BDNF could also explain why ketamine is more rapid and efficacious than conventional antidepressants, which increase the expression but not the release of BDNF. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34189390342&p=1pl&v=1&x=etXjO4wOmixSyFpWlcC00g |
10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.038 | Medicine_easy_144 | Pond scum's algae make good lab models for analyzing this because they reproduce quickly, and they have cellular structure and cilia that closely parallel ours. | The abnormal flagellar lengths of cnk2-1, lf4-7, and lf4-7 cnk2-1 can be explained by perturbations in the rates of flagellar assembly or disassembly. | When growing and shrinking happen simultaneously cilia length remains constant. Pond scum's algae make good lab models for analyzing this because they reproduce quickly, and they have cellular structure and cilia that closely parallel ours. "We were able to deduce how the mutations affected the cilia's assembly and disassembly by measuring how much and how quickly green fluorescence appeared at the tip of the untagged cilia," explains Quarmby. | Furthermore, we observed that lf4-7 cnk2-1 double-mutant flagella were resistant to the effects of IBMX and NaPPi on flagellar resorption, whereas lf4-7 single mutants resorbed faster than wild-type in response to either chemical ( Figures 3F and 3G) . The abnormal flagellar lengths of cnk2-1, lf4-7, and lf4-7 cnk2-1 can be explained by perturbations in the rates of flagellar assembly or disassembly. In cnk2-1 mutants, flagella that grow too long are unable to activate disassembly but compensate by decreasing the assembly rate. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131031124920.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1030 | Medicine_easy_145 | Dr. Stan Davis, an obstetrician and consultant to the Minnesota Hospital Association, said he, too, was alarmed by the findings. | 25 A targeted approach to achieving such reductions might focus on hospitals with exceptionally high cesarean rates. | "It should be concerning to all women to see this kind of variability," she said. Dr. Stan Davis, an obstetrician and consultant to the Minnesota Hospital Association, said he, too, was alarmed by the findings. "What it tells me is that people really aren't following evidence-based guidelines for when they should be doing Caesareans," he said. | 20 Adverse outcomes and complications have substantial cost implications for delivery systems and health insurers, both public and private. 25 A targeted approach to achieving such reductions might focus on hospitals with exceptionally high cesarean rates. 26 Understanding the extent of variation and its causes may provide opportunities for identifying policy options to improve care. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.startribune.com/lifestyle/health/195072291.html |
10.1038/s41590-018-0068-4 | Medicine_easy_146 | These new findings will enable researchers to use targeted vaccine adjuvants to activate follicular helper cells and thus antibody responses. | Conversely, supplementing supernatants of unstimulated (control) APCs with recombinant IL-12 restored T FH cell differentiation (Fig. | TLR8 induced signals call into action a specialized type of immune cell known as follicular helper cells. These new findings will enable researchers to use targeted vaccine adjuvants to activate follicular helper cells and thus antibody responses. The researchers found that live bacteria elicited slightly altered immune responses within the innate immune system. | Neutralization of IL-6 or IL-27 had no significant effect, whereas blockade of TNF partially inhibited T FH cell differentiation, relative to such differentiation after the addition of isotype-matched control antibodies (Fig. Conversely, supplementing supernatants of unstimulated (control) APCs with recombinant IL-12 restored T FH cell differentiation (Fig. Supplementation with recombinant TNF alone did not promote T FH cell differentiation (Fig. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33723683656&p=1pl&v=1&x=R9OQAdHcxos4adubuX4cGg |
10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.08.018 | Medicine_easy_147 | Dr Vanessa Ferreira, Deputy Clinical Director of the OCMR, said: 'The potential of this research is huge - not only for heart scans. | At rest, the remote myocardial T1 (955 AE 17 ms) was comparable to normal controls at 1. | Dr Liu added: 'Further studies will concentrate on how we can use T1 mapping not only to improve our research but eventually develop this into a tested, clinically proven technique for use with patients worldwide.' Dr Vanessa Ferreira, Deputy Clinical Director of the OCMR, said: 'The potential of this research is huge - not only for heart scans. Each type of tissue across the body has a range of normal T1 values, so any values outside that range may signify disease. | 10 patients showed evidence of previous myocardial infarction on LGE remote from the ischemic territories ( Table 2) . At rest, the remote myocardial T1 (955 AE 17 ms) was comparable to normal controls at 1. There was no significant stress dT1 reactivity in ischemic (0.2 AE 0.8%) or infarcted (0.2 AE 1.5%) myocardium compared to controls at 1.5-T (all p < 0.001). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/yOFStVEGom0/ |
10.1073/pnas.1318978111 | Medicine_easy_148 | Hammes says the study calls for further clinical trials to determine whether androgens can have a positive effect on fertility when given at the right doses. | Androgen Treatment Enhances Follicular Sensitivity Toward FSH Actions. | "If these data are confirmed in clinical trials, we could propose that raising low levels of androgens in a woman with diminished ovarian reserve might increase her ability to produce more and better eggs for fertilization." Hammes says the study calls for further clinical trials to determine whether androgens can have a positive effect on fertility when given at the right doses. And, by better understanding the biological pathways that are important for follicle development, scientists may be able to target these pathways with drugs or other interventions to improve IVF success rates. | Accordingly, inhibition of the nongenomic AR-induced signaling by using flutamide, the MEK inhibitor U0126, or siRNA-mediated paxillin knockdown abrogates DHT-induced FSHR expression, whereas reexpression of paxillin in paxillin-knockdown GCs partially rescues DHT-induced FSHR expression ( Fig. Androgen Treatment Enhances Follicular Sensitivity Toward FSH Actions. Although FSH alone promotes follicular growth, addition of DHT in a dose-dependent manner significantly increases follicular growth (Fig. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140304141948.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.034 | Medicine_easy_149 | More study is needed to understand this. | Interestingly, certain direct pro-tumor chemokines, including CCL18 and CXCL8 (Nagarsheth et al., 2017), were enriched in patients with CDK12 mutations. | It could also explain why some prostate cancer patients have had exceptional responses to immunotherapy while the treatment has had lackluster results overall in prostate cancer. More study is needed to understand this. "This very promising study suggests that CDK12 loss may be a biomarker for identifying prostate cancer patients who may respond to checkpoint immunotherapy," says Howard Soule, Ph.D., executive vice president and chief science officer of the Prostate Cancer Foundation. | Overall, we observed reduced or low expression of chemokines that can recruit regulatory T cells (CCL17, CCL20, CCL22) (Curiel et al., 2004; and an increase in chemokines that support dendritic cell migration into the tumor microenvironment (CCL21, CCL25). Interestingly, certain direct pro-tumor chemokines, including CCL18 and CXCL8 (Nagarsheth et al., 2017), were enriched in patients with CDK12 mutations. Strikingly, only MMRD and CDK12 mutant tumors showed robust activation of chemokine signaling/inflammatory response and high immune infiltration as estimated by the cohort MImmScore (Figures 6B and S7B) . | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34304617241&p=1pl&v=1&x=JkbWFHiGsGoeqOJxN0A0-A |
10.1098/rsbl.2014.0993 | Medicine_easy_150 | If changing weather patterns begin to clog the normally clear summer sky with layers of clouds, Rydin says, that turn of events "would probably be disastrous for E. | In the sympatric but wind-pollinated Ephedra distachya, pollination is not correlated to the full moon but occurs at approximately the same dates every year. | The researchers are also curious--and concerned--about another observation. With its dependence on getting nocturnal lighting just right, Rydin and Bolinder wonder if E. foeminiea might be suffering ill effects due to light pollution. If changing weather patterns begin to clog the normally clear summer sky with layers of clouds, Rydin says, that turn of events "would probably be disastrous for E. | Further, the spectacular reflection of the full-moonlight in the pollination drops is the only apparent means of nocturnal attraction of insects in these plants. In the sympatric but wind-pollinated Ephedra distachya, pollination is not correlated to the full moon but occurs at approximately the same dates every year. The lunar correlation has probably been lost in most species of Ephedra subsequent an evolutionary shift to wind pollination in the clade. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/wereplant-releases-its-pollen-by-light-full-moon-180954827/ |
10.1038/nature24621 | Medicine_easy_152 | Overall, the microbiomes of a host, such as a human or animal, were quite distinct from free-living microbiomes, such as those found in water and soil. | Figure 4 | Specificity of sequences and higher taxonomic groups for environment. | The diversity of environments sampled by the Earth Microbiome Project helps demonstrate just how much local environment shapes the microbiome. Overall, the microbiomes of a host, such as a human or animal, were quite distinct from free-living microbiomes, such as those found in water and soil. "These global ecological patterns offer just a glimpse of what is possible with coordinated and cumulative sampling," Jansson says. | Given current global sequencing efforts, the use of coordinated protocols and submission to this and other public databases should allow rapid accumulation of new data, providing an ever more diverse reference catalogue of microbes and microbiomes on Earth. Figure 4 | Specificity of sequences and higher taxonomic groups for environment. Each bar depicts the distribution of environments for a taxon (not relative abundance of taxa): bars composed mostly of one colour (environment) are specific for that environment, as seen with tag sequences; bars composed of many colours are more cosmopolitan, as seen with genera. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/earth-microbiome-project-1595972/ |
10.1098/rspb.2013.3172 | Medicine_easy_153 | Predictive modelling can help public health officials plan for responses to vaccine programs. | Future research should refine the inclusion of social norms in such models and explore how social norms interact with interventions, namely public health messaging strategies. | "Our research suggests that health officials needs to have a really good understanding of the social context to better understand vaccine scares and why people refuse vaccines. Predictive modelling can help public health officials plan for responses to vaccine programs. The models that Professor Bauch and his colleagues use can determine what may happen in a population where a vaccine scare has taken hold. | Incorporating social norms into behaviour-incidence models enables them to capture a wider range of vaccinating behaviour, including patterns of high, stable vaccine coverage observed in many populations under a non-mandatory policy. However, from a public health perspective, social norms can act to either decrease or increase vaccine coverage, depending on the baseline perception of vaccine risk. Future research should refine the inclusion of social norms in such models and explore how social norms interact with interventions, namely public health messaging strategies. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140214111211.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1093/eurheartj/ehq155 | Medicine_easy_154 | Even though the genetic component can control for confounding factors like smoking and poor diet, it can't control for lifestyle factors that are a direct consequence of being shorter. | Height cut-offs were available for 21 articles. | The study comes with some limits, the authors concede. Even though the genetic component can control for confounding factors like smoking and poor diet, it can't control for lifestyle factors that are a direct consequence of being shorter. It may be the case, for instance, that genetically determined shortness, for whatever reasons, influences people to take up behaviors that increase their heart disease risk. | When men and women were considered independently on average, short men were below 165.4 cm and short women below 153.0 cm, tall men over 177.5 cm and tall women over 166.4 cm. Height cut-offs were available for 21 articles. Only one article failed to report height cut-offs and was not taken into the calculations. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/heart-disease-more-common-shorter-people-due-partly-cholesterol-and-fat-levels-328630 |
10.1016/j.ebiom.2014.09.001 | Medicine_easy_155 | They researchers have now reached the point that they can avoid taking painful blood marrow samples and complete the entire process in the matter of a week. | S3A -C. Cells positive for the leukocyte common antigen CD45 were found mainly in the adventitia and not the lumen of the veins (Fig. | In the third case the child is under medical surveillance and the outcome is more uncertain. They researchers have now reached the point that they can avoid taking painful blood marrow samples and complete the entire process in the matter of a week. "We believe that this technological progress can lead to dissemination of the method for the benefit of additional groups of patients, such as those with varicose veins or myocardial infarction, who need new blood vessels," Professor Holgersson says. | Negative controls are shown in Supplement Fig. S3A -C. Cells positive for the leukocyte common antigen CD45 were found mainly in the adventitia and not the lumen of the veins (Fig. 3C ), indicating that these cells mainly differentiated to smooth muscle cells as evidenced by positive staining for alpha smooth muscle cell actin. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141024101256.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1038/s41467-018-04355-w | Medicine_easy_156 | Also, when looking at tumor samples from patients, they found that tumors with high amounts of the fibrin cross-linking was associated with an increased risk of the tumor spreading. | These results strongly suggest that the therapeutic effects arose from blocking IM recruitment into the TME. | They also demonstrated that the presence of a clot made it easier for cancer cells to move and migrate. Also, when looking at tumor samples from patients, they found that tumors with high amounts of the fibrin cross-linking was associated with an increased risk of the tumor spreading. The researchers were able to reduce metastases by using a compound that blocks CCR2, a receptor on the surface of the inflammatory monocytes. | Additionally, we found no significant effects on recruitment of gamma-delta T-cells ( Supplementary Fig. These results strongly suggest that the therapeutic effects arose from blocking IM recruitment into the TME. Additionally, CCR2 blockade with PF-04136309 significantly inhibited metastasis development when treatment was initiated on the day of cancer cell injection (Fig. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34143256224&p=1pl&v=1&x=_B116Taw-aRVfBzYTF8X0Q |
10.1101/gad.263707.115 | Medicine_easy_158 | They showed that when fewer chemical groups of a certain type attach to yeast histones, the abnormal transcription greatly increases in old cells. | S4 ), extends life span, suggesting that trimethylated H3K36 specifically may regulate longevity. | This number - a mean of 25 divisions -- is under tight control and can be either reduced or increased by altering histone modifications, as the researchers found. They showed that when fewer chemical groups of a certain type attach to yeast histones, the abnormal transcription greatly increases in old cells. In contrast, the team found that in yeast strains with a certain enzyme deletion, this abnormal transcription is reduced and lifespan is extended by about 30 percent. | Rph1 removes methyl groups from dimethylated and trimethylated H3K36, whereas Jhd1 does so from dimethyl and monomethyl states. S4 ), extends life span, suggesting that trimethylated H3K36 specifically may regulate longevity. Supporting the high-throughput histone mutant screen data, all of the H3K36 substitution mutants showed significantly shorter life spans (Fig. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.newswise.com/articles/cell-aging-slowed-by-putting-brakes-on-noisy-transcription |
10.1007/s13524-014-0324-7 | Medicine_easy_159 | But it probably does affect earning potential. | There are several reasons to expect that occupational segregation would be nonrandom with respect to mobility. | Men are much more likely to choose jobs that are concentrated in certain geographical areas, while women choose jobs that are needed everywhere. But it probably does affect earning potential. This table shows which professions are most geographically concentrated, and which are the most dispersed. | As such, occupational segregation is a potential source of omitted variable bias. There are several reasons to expect that occupational segregation would be nonrandom with respect to mobility. First, if men and women expect families to prioritize husbands' careers in relocation decisions, this may in turn compel women to sort into flexible occupations, thereby reproducing occupational segregation. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/why-women-choose-more-flexible-careers-2014-11 |
10.1126/science.1252496 | Medicine_easy_161 | Analysis revealed that it had caught about a million particles, and since then astronomers have been working through the data to understand what story these particles tell us about our solar system, its origin and the universe beyond. | The remaining 25 so-called midnight tracks have trajectories that are consistent with an origin either in the interstellar dust stream or as ejecta from impacts on the lid of the sample return capsule (20) . | Analysis revealed that it had caught about a million particles, and since then astronomers have been working through the data to understand what story these particles tell us about our solar system, its origin and the universe beyond. The list of particles has now been finally whittled down to seven particles that scientists are sure originated outside the solar system. "We think that we have just taken the first baby step in understanding the complexity and diversity of interstellar dust," he said. | Forty-six of the tracks are consistent in their trajectories with an origin as secondary ejecta from impacts on the aft solar panels, and this origin was confirmed for four tracks (12) (13) (14) (15) by the presence of cerium, a cosmically rare element present in the glass covering the spacecraft solar panels. The remaining 25 so-called midnight tracks have trajectories that are consistent with an origin either in the interstellar dust stream or as ejecta from impacts on the lid of the sample return capsule (20) . The ambiguity in origin of these 25 tracks is due to the articulation of the collector on its arm during the exposure (27) . | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/883210-spacecraft-captured-dust-from-beyond-our-solar-system/ |
10.1038/ncomms4632 | Medicine_easy_162 | But first they plan to test their nanomotors near a live cell, which will allow Fan to measure how they deliver molecules in a controlled fashion. | These two effects can be known from the slopes of o-V 2 plots in Fig. | The researchers address two major issues for nanomotors so far: assembly and controls. The researchers found that they could position the nanomotors in a pattern and move them in a synchronized fashion, which makes them more powerful and gives them more flexibility. But first they plan to test their nanomotors near a live cell, which will allow Fan to measure how they deliver molecules in a controlled fashion. | This induced torque has two roles on the rotation of nanomotors, both of which are proportional to E 2 and thus V 2 : first, it directly hinders the rotation of nanorotors; second, it results in an additional frictional torque between the rotor and bearing because of the electrostatic attraction, besides that arisen from the magnetic attraction. These two effects can be known from the slopes of o-V 2 plots in Fig. 3a , where the rotation slopes of a nanowire motor (blue, black and magenta) are consistently lower than that of the same nanowires when freely rotating (orange). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140520123441.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1073/pnas.1811993115 | Medicine_easy_163 | The findings could drive the development of new, more effective antibiotics. | The weak-coupling region of the spectra reveals at least one more 1 H coupling from the aromatic side chain; however, we could not confidently determine its hyperfine constant, owing to interference from weakly coupled, nonexchangeable 1 H atoms of the protein matrix. | This process may allow infectious bacteria to replicate even when the host's immune system sequesters iron and manganese ions in an attempt to slow pathogen replication. The findings could drive the development of new, more effective antibiotics. If you have a way to make DNA that doesn't rely as much on a metal cofactor, that's a novel tactic for evading the immune response," he says. | 4 B and C) . The weak-coupling region of the spectra reveals at least one more 1 H coupling from the aromatic side chain; however, we could not confidently determine its hyperfine constant, owing to interference from weakly coupled, nonexchangeable 1 H atoms of the protein matrix. A pair of ENDOR signals identified in all studied samples was unaffected by the isotopolog of Tyr or solvent and accounted for in simulations (see below) by a dipolar coupling of approximately 1.0-1.5 MHz. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | https://www.futurity.org/enzymes-bacteria-immune-systems-1898942/ |
10.1002/emmm.201302567 | Medicine_easy_164 | Compared with healthy tissue on the left, the sample on the right shows both a reduced number of motor neurons and shrinkage of those that are present (the neurons are stained brownish-yellow in these views). | These findings suggested the importance of liver pathogenesis in SMA. | Using TSUNAMI, Dr. Krainer's team induced various pathologies characteristic of Type IV (adult) SMA. Compared with healthy tissue on the left, the sample on the right shows both a reduced number of motor neurons and shrinkage of those that are present (the neurons are stained brownish-yellow in these views). (click to enlarge)
Many SMA patients do reach adulthood, however, and on occasion people develop symptoms of the illness only after they have become adults. | However, the H&E-stained heart sections did not show cellular abnormalities. These findings suggested the importance of liver pathogenesis in SMA. Consistent with this notion, IP injection of 200 mg/kg/day ASO-20-37 markedly inhibited SMN2 splicing in the liver and decreased lifespan (Figs 2C and 3E) . | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/42722-first-animal-model-of-adult-onset-sma-sheds-light-on-disease-progression-and-treatment.html |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Medicine_easy_165 | "In one voice, our nation must condemn racism, bigotry and white supremacy. | Results did not support this prediction, nor did they support the idea that the relationship between these factors follows a nonlinear parabolic function. | "Words do matter": Trump acknowledged "white supremacy," but ignored his own rhetoric
In his remarks at the White House, Trump denounced racism, calling out an anti-Hispanic screed apparently written by the suspect in the El Paso, Texas, shooting. "In one voice, our nation must condemn racism, bigotry and white supremacy. These sinister ideologies must be defeated. | The discussion presents an interpretation of this pattern of effects in terms of both the ongoing scientific and policy debates around violent video games, and emerging standards for robust evidence-based policy concerning young people's technology use. Results did not support this prediction, nor did they support the idea that the relationship between these factors follows a nonlinear parabolic function. There was no evidence for a critical tipping point relating violent game engagement to aggressive behaviour. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39881272230&p=1pl&v=1&x=agjUuQHKttCmyqc0lNUvPA |
10.1093/schbul/sbv109 | Medicine_easy_166 | Media queries and interview requests should be directed to:
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology Neuroscience, KingaEUR(tm)s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; tel: +44 (0)20 7848 0289, e-mail: [email protected] | The details of the image acquisition sequence varied between scanners, as reported in supplementary table S1. | Their work provides additional evidence that this region may provide valuable information that could be used to inform diagnostic evaluations in not only schizophrenia but other Axis I disorders such as bipolar disorder, depression, addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety regardless of ethnicity. ###
The paper aEURoeA Neuroanatomical Signature for Schizophrenia Across Different Ethnic GroupsaEUR can be accessed here: http://schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/08/10/schbul.sbv109.full?sid=a9367e61-bbdf-4a49-9772-cd42ee6cb619
Note to Reporters:
Any mention or reporting of data from this article should be attributed to: Schizophrenia Bulletin, published by Oxford University Press, seeks to review recent developments and empirically based hypotheses regarding the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia. Media queries and interview requests should be directed to:
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology Neuroscience, KingaEUR(tm)s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; tel: +44 (0)20 7848 0289, e-mail: [email protected] | All patients in the Chinese sample were medication naïve at the time of scanning; in contrast, patients in the White Caucasian, African-Caribbean and Japanese samples were taking first-or second-generation antipsychotic medication, or a combination of the two (see table 1 for chlorpromazineequivalent dose). The details of the image acquisition sequence varied between scanners, as reported in supplementary table S1. With respect to sociodemographic parameters, within each group patients and controls were individually matched for ethnicity, gender and age (±1 year); hence these variables did not differ between patients and controls in any of the 4 groups (P > .05). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/researchers-find-neuroanatomical-signature-for-schizophrenia/ |
10.1038/s41598-017-03627-7 | Medicine_easy_167 | I want it in the same way that I want to be a person who likes watching sports, or finds George Clooney attractive, because both seem to be experiences that have brought a lot of joy to a lot of people. | (Fig. | But arriving here made me oddly sad, the kind of sadness that comes with realizing that something you like about yourself isn't really true. I want it in the same way that I want to be a person who likes watching sports, or finds George Clooney attractive, because both seem to be experiences that have brought a lot of joy to a lot of people. And it's lonely being on the outside, especially when the experience in question is such a quietly lovely one. | The CLO analysis indicated that touch and pain moderated the partners' velocity effect both in men and in women (F (4,55000) = 14.44, p < 0.0001, ΔBIC = −47.8, ΔR 2 = 0.18), indicating that the partner's velocity effect differed across experimental conditions. (Fig. This pattern of effects describes a consistent pattern of inhalation among women while men shift from inhalation to exhalation. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33905342690&p=1pl&v=1&x=oCe4HgFpEBY4nR9WXUdauQ |
10.1111/gcb.13876 | Medicine_easy_168 | For example, we need to end policies that perversely encourage the use of forest land and products under a false banner of renewable energy. | They are not meant to represent future projections of land management. | Of course, there remains much work yet to come. For example, we need to end policies that perversely encourage the use of forest land and products under a false banner of renewable energy. While it is true that trees burned to generate electricity may eventually grow back and recapture the carbon emitted, we need to keep carbon out of the atmosphere now, not in 50 years. | These simulations set bounds on the biophysical potential for negative emissions. They are not meant to represent future projections of land management. Gross emissions did not fall to zero in 2016 when land use stopped but did decline exponentially, as expected from rates of decay, and were about 0.1 PgC/year by 2100. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34958843662&p=1pl&v=1&x=ADGn1_xewWPJ_1OZt5xdOA |
10.3402/ejpt.v5.22250 | Medicine_easy_170 | If a therapist makes you uncomfortable or raises red flags for you, you don't have to see them. | However, a sample size of 11 does limit the number of inferential statistical tests that can meaningfully be performed. | Also, you can always decide they aren't a good match for you. If a therapist makes you uncomfortable or raises red flags for you, you don't have to see them. People seem to forget this sometimes.a
Despite the profound challenges that both trauma and DID have given Joubert, she also says that her systemas adaptation to trauma has been nothing short of lifesaving. | However, interpretations such as these will have to wait for more data and replication before being supported. However, a sample size of 11 does limit the number of inferential statistical tests that can meaningfully be performed. The small number of participants meant that observed power was very low in many of the analyses. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38920678242&p=1pl&v=1&x=_UY1KqSAMnWKI6YGx_CLrw |
10.1038/s41467-018-07557-4 | Medicine_easy_172 | "And here, in Alaska, we are dealing already and will be dealing even more in the near future with this reality." | Our results demonstrate that ca. | "These observations have led me to believe that the global warming is not a 'fake' but the reality," Romanovsky said. "And here, in Alaska, we are dealing already and will be dealing even more in the near future with this reality." The Paper May Be Misleading
Even though the researchers of this study insist that global warming threat is real, Christopher Burn, a professor of geography and environmental studies at Carleton University, Canada, explains that the paper does not reveal anything that they don't already know. | Our study reveals the magnitude of the threat to engineering structures from climate change at the pan-Arctic scale, and shows where detailed infrastructure risk assessment should be conducted in the near future. Our results demonstrate that ca. The results show that most fundamental Arctic infrastructure will be at risk, even if the Paris Agreement target is achieved. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37967333906&p=1pl&v=1&x=ltio0H7-Rr6r3LuvSX7DEA |
10.1038/s41467-018-05229-x | Medicine_easy_174 | "If the electric field inside the crystal is strong enough, the electronic states can be localized to a few atoms. | 5 ), a slight resonant background is indeed building up gradually, but it is of negative sign in ΔT/T. | "In perfect insulators and semiconductors, electronic states expand throughout the entire crystal. "If the electric field inside the crystal is strong enough, the electronic states can be localized to a few atoms. The short-lived Wannier-Stark localization correlates with drastic changes to the electronic structure of the crystal and results, for example, in extremely high optical nonlinearity. | Instead, a gradual buildup of a positive background would indicate a significant influence of bleaching due to real carriers induced by the high bias. 5 ), a slight resonant background is indeed building up gradually, but it is of negative sign in ΔT/T. We attribute this signature to the transient broadening of the E 1 and E 1 + Δ 1 gaps around 3 eV (see Fig. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34669971079&p=1pl&v=1&x=vdqBVutlRrBG6NrsU9ADLw |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Medicine_easy_176 | "We must stop the glorification of violence in our society," he said. | A total of 48.8% of female participants and 68.0% of males played at least one violent game in the past month. | "The idea of these video games, they dehumanize individuals to have a game out of shooting individuals and others," McCarthy said. "We must stop the glorification of violence in our society," he said. "This includes the gruesome and grisly video games that are now commonplace." | Most games could be easily categorized by the coder, and this approach contrasts with research practices that either: (i) assign participants to play 'off the shelf' games that broadly represent the categories of violent and non-violent play, leaving open the possibility of other game characteristics such as difficulty having a confounding role or (ii) depend on the accuracy of participants providing subjective ratings of the violence present in their own gaming [ . A total of 48.8% of female participants and 68.0% of males played at least one violent game in the past month. To examine this issue, we tested relations with gender, and observed higher levels of overall gaming, t 764 ¼ 3.71, p , 0.001, violent gaming, t 764 ¼ 4.09, p , 0.001 and aggressive behaviour, t 999 ¼ 2.98, p , 0.001, in adolescent boys as compared to adolescent girls. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39882021759&p=1pl&v=1&x=WDSVA9_GGY2tcF2kX9kO8w |
10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 | Medicine_easy_178 | Nixon notices a correlation: In the past decade, productivity growth has slowed while global shipments of smartphones have risen. | Note the large variation in blood flow and oxygen consumption across regions of the brain. | This is not an idle thought, but a serious question recently posed by the Bank of England. Nixon notices a correlation: In the past decade, productivity growth has slowed while global shipments of smartphones have risen. Therefore, Nixon doesn't try to offer a definitive answer to the question but rather a way to think about it. | These decreases appear to be largely task independent. Note the large variation in blood flow and oxygen consumption across regions of the brain. These vary most widely between gray and white matter. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32673885352&p=1pl&v=1&x=z9sHRU5NAQouqrkI5zIhAw |
10.1073/pnas.1505114112 | Medicine_easy_179 | These findings suggest that musical training could keep that window open longer. | Perhaps rapid automatized naming, which is dissociable from phonological awareness and makes an independent contribution to reading skill , relies on precise perception of auditory timing to a lesser extent than does phonological awareness. | At the end of 3 years, those students who had played instruments were better at detecting speech sounds, like syllables and words that rhyme, than their JROTC peers, the team reports online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. These findings suggest that musical training could keep that window open longer. But the benefits of music aren't just for musicians; taking up piano could be the difference between an A and a B in Spanish class. | On the other hand, we found no gains in rapid naming or phonological memory, despite the fact that both reading and verbal memory have been associated with music training in other studies, suggesting either that the training studied here was not optimally designed to enhance these skills or that enhancing these skills requires a greater amount of training or training begun earlier in life. Perhaps rapid automatized naming, which is dissociable from phonological awareness and makes an independent contribution to reading skill , relies on precise perception of auditory timing to a lesser extent than does phonological awareness. An unavoidable limitation of this study was that, due to working with in-school programs, we were not able to randomly assign participants to one or the other training group. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://news.sciencemag.org/brain-behavior/2015/07/benefits-band-class |
10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y | Medicine_easy_180 | "Given the importance of socio-emotional learning in preschool naps averaging 70 minutes may support the curricular goals of early childhood education. | Greater nap slow wave activity was associated with greater memory decay during the nap. | As in observations by others, "both a nap and subsequent overnight sleep was necessary to observe performance benefits." "This study demonstrates that napping is beneficial to memory processing," they point out. "Given the importance of socio-emotional learning in preschool naps averaging 70 minutes may support the curricular goals of early childhood education. | However, when memory was probed again following overnight sleep, the change in memory accuracy was greater if the child napped the previous day. Greater nap slow wave activity was associated with greater memory decay during the nap. Yet nap slow wave activity also predicted greater overnight improvement in memory. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw |
10.3945/jn.110.130609 | Medicine_easy_182 | The position change recommended through the study is for the baby to be held at the level of the mother's placenta before the umbilical cord is clamped. | All of the indicators available at the present time are affected by factors other than ID that may remain undetected in random samples ( Table 1) . | It demonstrates that newborns who are held immediately after birth, for as little as two minutes before clamping the umbilical cord, have increased blood flow from the mother's placenta to the baby. The position change recommended through the study is for the baby to be held at the level of the mother's placenta before the umbilical cord is clamped. While this position is uncomfortable and awkward for the person holding the newborn, the research says it can make a significant difference in the health outcome for the infant. | However, specificity and sensitivity are considerably diminished when they are applied to population surveys. All of the indicators available at the present time are affected by factors other than ID that may remain undetected in random samples ( Table 1) . Levels may not accurately reflect iron status in the presence of infection, inflammation, and liver disease. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://guardianlv.com/2014/04/newborn-iron-deficiency-unlocked/ |
10.1073/pnas.1214971109 | Medicine_easy_183 | He also wants to explore "trigels" and other "polygels." | Instead, we note that the behavior of the SW + HS system is very similar to that of 1CM gels. | "We could apply these methods to a wealth of materials other than gels, foams or inks," says Giuseppe Foffi. To explore this new area, the researcher must expand from the micro- to the nanometric level. He also wants to explore "trigels" and other "polygels." | We can conclude that such differences are due to general steric effects and not to the interpenetrating nature of the two subgels. Instead, we note that the behavior of the SW + HS system is very similar to that of 1CM gels. In our case, it is directly related to the porosity of the gel, as already pointed out for dipolar colloidal gels . | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121105161212.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1126/science.aaf2654 | Medicine_easy_184 | Because they are not calculating the trajectory for the stationary fire truck, only for objects in motion (like pedestrians or bicyclists), they can't react quickly to register a previously stationary object as an object in motion. | Moral algorithms for AVs will need to tackle more intricate decisions than that we have considered in our surveys. | GPS is vulnerable
GPS hacking is a very real danger for autonomous vehicles. An autonomous car can't see the fire truck if the fire truck suddenly pulls out into traffic. Because they are not calculating the trajectory for the stationary fire truck, only for objects in motion (like pedestrians or bicyclists), they can't react quickly to register a previously stationary object as an object in motion. | This is a challenge that should be on the mind of carmakers and regulators alike. Moral algorithms for AVs will need to tackle more intricate decisions than that we have considered in our surveys. For example, our scenarios did not feature any uncertainty about decision outcomes, but a collective discussion about moral algorithms will have to tackle the concepts of expected risk, expected value, and blame assignment. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33605351341&p=1pl&v=1&x=N74a4B-zhUSTmdqZK1LTkg |
10.1038/nrg2703 | Medicine_easy_186 | It just takes one grain to fertilize the female part of a plant, so casting fate to the wind isn't a bad strategy. | In sharks, a 'switch' at the biochemical level from multimeric to monomeric IgM provides at least some of the functions of an IgG -for example, the capacity to enter extravascular sites -and an increase in affinity, but the memory response is clearly inferior to that of the higher vertebrates. | MacGregor Campbell/OPB
It helps to know a little bit about why pollen exists in the first place. It just takes one grain to fertilize the female part of a plant, so casting fate to the wind isn't a bad strategy. "It's remarkable that something so random actually ends up working," Jones said. | There is no switching apparent between clusters in cartilaginous fish, neither within the IgM class nor between the IgM and cartilaginous fish-specific IgnAR/IgW classes. In sharks, a 'switch' at the biochemical level from multimeric to monomeric IgM provides at least some of the functions of an IgG -for example, the capacity to enter extravascular sites -and an increase in affinity, but the memory response is clearly inferior to that of the higher vertebrates. T cells develop in the thymus, and the basic evolution of the thymus and T cell development is conserved for all gnathostomes, except in some species in which the system seems to have degenerated (FIG. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34307692391&p=1pl&v=1&x=mm-osFSBw9YRNm7JQuxdew |
10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1030 | Medicine_easy_187 | The variation among small and rural hospitals "may be driven in part by the overall volume of deliveries," but none of the factors appeared to explain much of the overall variation, Kozhimannil's group pointed out. | Such triage could take the form of high-risk hospitals with the capacity to manage extremely complex patients alongside obstetric care settings, such as licensed birth centers, which focus on physiologic childbirth for lower-risk women. | Again, ranges were somewhat greater at small and rural hospitals but less among teaching hospitals. The variation among small and rural hospitals "may be driven in part by the overall volume of deliveries," but none of the factors appeared to explain much of the overall variation, Kozhimannil's group pointed out. Women asking for C-sections accounts for too small a percentage of these deliveries to drive the variations either, they argued. | In the context of childbirth, better care coordination could include more effective riskbased triage for maternity care. Such triage could take the form of high-risk hospitals with the capacity to manage extremely complex patients alongside obstetric care settings, such as licensed birth centers, which focus on physiologic childbirth for lower-risk women. 36 Better triage may reduce overall cesarean rates, but some rate variation across facilities would remain, although this would be by design rather than happenstance. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://abcnews.go.com/Health/section-rates-vary-widely-hospitals-study-finds/story?id=18656847 |
10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.12.012 | Medicine_easy_188 | This new study validates the accuracy of their predictive model. | 16 Once complications occur and urgent hospitalization and/or cholecystectomy is necessary, the morbidity and mortality are significantly increased. | Dr. Taylor Riall, professor of surgery at UTMB and lead author of the study, said that even though gallbladder removal is recommended for patients with gallstone problems, "Less than a quarter of patients in this study had their gallbladders removed. This new study validates the accuracy of their predictive model. Among those who did not have their gallbladder removed, less than 20 percent in the low-risk group ended up being hospitalized for gallbladder-related issues -- for the high-risk group, 65 percent were hospitalized within two years of first symptoms. | 14 This might be due to the increased morbidity and mortality of elective cholecystectomy in older patients. 16 Once complications occur and urgent hospitalization and/or cholecystectomy is necessary, the morbidity and mortality are significantly increased. 14 Although the data demonstrate that fewer than one quarter of older patients with symptomatic gallstones undergo elective cholecysetctomy, 14 it is not known if current decisions about elective cholecystectomy in this population are based on risk. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141223191727.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29 |
10.1186/1472-6785-14-4 | Medicine_easy_189 | The study discovered 79 slugs were exposed to over a million fluorescently tagged worms. | Our sampling scheme did not allow us to evaluate these alternatives, because sampling depth was kept constant at up to 15 cm over the 18 month-period to ensure comparability of sampling results across time. | The study discovered 79 slugs were exposed to over a million fluorescently tagged worms. "Our study reveals a previously unknown nematode lifestyle within the guts of slugs," said lead researcher Dr. Hinrich Schulenburg. According to Schulenburg, the worms seem to have evolved, persisting in the harsh environment inside the intestines of slugs. | It is possible that during winter the nematodes move to deeper compost layers with more favourable temperatures or die out in these substrates, followed by recolonization in spring or summer. Our sampling scheme did not allow us to evaluate these alternatives, because sampling depth was kept constant at up to 15 cm over the 18 month-period to ensure comparability of sampling results across time. Humidity and rain were additionally expected to affect Caenorhabditis distributions. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/68382/20150714/worms-hitchhike-with-slugs-to-reach-far-places.htm |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Medicine_easy_190 | MORE Older Adults May Be OK to Eat More Salt Than Previously Thought
The discovery came about by accident, after Jens Titze, the study's senior author, noticed that mice who had been bitten by their cage mates showed higher levels of sodium in their skin than those who were wound-free. | Similarly, HS augmented NO release in peritoneal MF ( Figure S1A ). | Salt, it seems, may be an ancient way for the body to protect itself against bacteria. MORE Older Adults May Be OK to Eat More Salt Than Previously Thought
The discovery came about by accident, after Jens Titze, the study's senior author, noticed that mice who had been bitten by their cage mates showed higher levels of sodium in their skin than those who were wound-free. The mice fed the higher amounts of sodium showed stronger immune responses to the wounds, and cleared their infections faster than the mice eating less salt. | Parallel experiments with increased concentrations of the tonicity control, urea, (Table S1 ) neither increased Nos2 expression nor NO release ( Figure 2A ). Similarly, HS augmented NO release in peritoneal MF ( Figure S1A ). In line with earlier data , HS boosted LPS-induced TNF secretion in MF (Figures S1B and S1C). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://time.com/3730061/the-weird-benefit-of-eating-salty-food/ |
10.1177/0956797617692041 | Medicine_easy_192 | The results showed that bundling seemed to diminish participants' interest in buying the larger option: People were less likely to buy a large drink when it was bundled than when it was presented as one serving. | Their mean age was 30.05 years (SD = 12.30), and the sample was 38.9% White, 23.5% Black, 23.2% Asian, 5.6% Hispanic, 4.9% Pacific Islander, 2.5% mixed race, and 0.3% American Indian; 1.1% did not report their race. | The regulation was ultimately overturned but it generated heated debate about the appropriateness and effectiveness of addressing public health issues through such means. The results showed that bundling seemed to diminish participants' interest in buying the larger option: People were less likely to buy a large drink when it was bundled than when it was presented as one serving. However, it did not affect the further downstream behavior of consumption. | Of 285 participants, 48.4% were male and 50.5% were female; 1.1% did not report their gender. Their mean age was 30.05 years (SD = 12.30), and the sample was 38.9% White, 23.5% Black, 23.2% Asian, 5.6% Hispanic, 4.9% Pacific Islander, 2.5% mixed race, and 0.3% American Indian; 1.1% did not report their race. This was done because we were primarily interested in refill behavior as a function of service style, and allowing the participants to buy drinks substantially increases the required sample size (because only 60% of participants typically buy drinks). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/some-strategies-to-limit-sugary-drinks-may-backfire/ |
10.1038/s41467-019-09863-x | Medicine_easy_193 | The research team say they hope their assessments will provide a better understanding of the socio-economic risks from climate change under different scenarios, and help guide policy-makers towards prudent decisions on emissions reduction targets. | First, the PAGE-ICE model, in common with other aggregate IAMs, does not explicitly model other known climatic tipping elements such as Amazon rainforest, boreal forest, coral reefs and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), as well as ocean acidification and climate-induced large-scale migration and conflict 62 (we cannot reject the null hypothesis that the total economic effects of climate change are the same for these scenarios either at the 5% or at the 10% significance level). | The increases, according to the study, occur primarily through temperature-driven impacts on the economy, ecosystem, human health and additional impacts from seal level rise. The research team say they hope their assessments will provide a better understanding of the socio-economic risks from climate change under different scenarios, and help guide policy-makers towards prudent decisions on emissions reduction targets. "Our findings support the need for more proactive mitigation measures to keep global temperature rise well below 2C," Yumashev said. | 6) , we have several reasons to believe it would be prudent to aim for emissions towards the bottom end of the range covered by these scenarios. First, the PAGE-ICE model, in common with other aggregate IAMs, does not explicitly model other known climatic tipping elements such as Amazon rainforest, boreal forest, coral reefs and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), as well as ocean acidification and climate-induced large-scale migration and conflict 62 (we cannot reject the null hypothesis that the total economic effects of climate change are the same for these scenarios either at the 5% or at the 10% significance level). Some of these effects are already included implicitly in the highly uncertain non-economic and discontinuity impact sectors in PAGE-ICE, contributing to the long upper tails in the distributions of the total economic effect of climate change in Fig. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39075144927&p=1pl&v=1&x=7hu8D2B6RjJADdTPIfJdLQ |
10.1038/s41467-018-08278-4 | Medicine_easy_194 | Zwar ist die Studie nur ein kleiner Schritt, sie konnte aber zu einem grossem Fortschritt bei der Behandlung von Erkrankungen wie Arthrose fuhren. | We show here that Bmp9 is transiently expressed during digit joint cavitation and that BMP9 treatment stimulates joint regeneration. | Das konnte Sie auch interessieren
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Die Regeneration von Knochen wurde auch fruher erreicht, aber ohne das zusatzliche Protein wurden die Knochen zum Beispiel nach einer Fraktur zusammenwachsen, anstatt Gelenk- und Knorpelgewebe zu vergrossern. Zwar ist die Studie nur ein kleiner Schritt, sie konnte aber zu einem grossem Fortschritt bei der Behandlung von Erkrankungen wie Arthrose fuhren. Denn sie konnte den Ersatz von Knorpel durch die korpereigenen Zellen eines Menschen ermoglichen, anstatt sich auf Transplantate verlassen zu mussen. | Unlike other BMP family members, BMP9 is not effected by BMP antagonists such as Noggin 12 which suppresses BMP signaling and is necessary for joint morphogenesis . We show here that Bmp9 is transiently expressed during digit joint cavitation and that BMP9 treatment stimulates joint regeneration. During angiogenesis, BMP9 acts in a contextdependent manner, inhibiting neovascularization in a model of age-related macular degeneration , while stimulating angiogenesis associated with induced osteogenesis . | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38488446029&p=1pl&v=1&x=pEPzQn-OGtRw5F4FBoLIWA |
10.1073/pnas.1403984111 | Medicine_easy_195 | In this way, he showed that almost all the ivory that's been seized in the last decade has come from just two poaching hotspots--one that includes Gabon and the Congo, and another centered in Tanzania. | The repercussions of this harvest when driven by illegal commercial trade are not only ecological in nature, but raise human health (6) and socioeconomic concerns (2, 7) with broad implications for national and international policy and security . | In this way, he showed that almost all the ivory that's been seized in the last decade has come from just two poaching hotspots--one that includes Gabon and the Congo, and another centered in Tanzania. So, rather than targeting poachers, he says, it's far more efficient to go after their customers. It's likely that these same cartels are funding poachers in the first place. | Further, our approach provides a powerful basis to determine cryptic mortality and gain understanding of the demography of at-risk species. The repercussions of this harvest when driven by illegal commercial trade are not only ecological in nature, but raise human health (6) and socioeconomic concerns (2, 7) with broad implications for national and international policy and security . This monitoring system provides powerful data regarding the site-specific relative causes of mortality [i.e., the proportion of illegally killed elephants (PIKE)] that has served to indicate regional levels of illegal harvest . | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37151262070&p=1pl&v=1&x=2kcAbHXpIqOOjL4ptCVntA |
10.1073/pnas.1403984111 | Medicine_easy_196 | The numbers are also quite similar to other estimates from wildlife conservation groups. | The three regions of Africa (Central, East, and Southern) demonstrated different trends that were captured by both approaches. | The scrutiny we did internally was at a much greater level than the questions we got in the peer review process." The numbers are also quite similar to other estimates from wildlife conservation groups. Others put the number significantly lower, i.e. | Illegal killing rates were estimated to average ∼6.8% between 2010 and 2012, equating to an average of ∼33,630 elephants killed per y based on current estimates of the species total (24) ( Table 1 ). The three regions of Africa (Central, East, and Southern) demonstrated different trends that were captured by both approaches. Illegal killing was most pervasive in the populations of Central Africa (Figs. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/898205-20-of-all-african-elephants-killed-in-3-years/ |
10.1038/s41467-018-04906-1 | Medicine_easy_197 | If the user's temperature isn't within the required limits, the fingerprint authentication might not push through. | However, these large open areas can significantly increase the resistance of AgNF networks when they are patterned as fine electrodes with narrow widths because locally disconnected areas are produced by etching AgNFs. | Although this sounds like a neat feature that can thwart spoofing, the downside here is if users are colder than usual due to environmental reasons. If the user's temperature isn't within the required limits, the fingerprint authentication might not push through. "These sensors exhibited excellent optoelectronic properties and outstanding reliability against mechanical bending. | This thermal annealing step did not break the AgNFs, and the single fibers were long enough to minimize the number of junctions between onedimensional metallic geometries, which leads to a significant reduction of R s while maintaining large open spaces in the networks for high transmittance. However, these large open areas can significantly increase the resistance of AgNF networks when they are patterned as fine electrodes with narrow widths because locally disconnected areas are produced by etching AgNFs. For these narrow patterns such as the bottom electrodes (width: 65 μm, space: 15 μm) of the fingerprint sensors and the source (S)/drain (D) (width: 15 μm) of pressure-sensitive FETs, random networks of AgNWs (average length of AgNWs: 30 ± 7 μm, diameter: 20 ± 5 nm) were successively electrosprayed on top of the electrospun AgNF networks using a suspension of AgNWs (B 424-1, Nanopyxis) and a nozzle (nozzle inner diameter: 0.64 mm). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34467889819&p=1pl&v=1&x=bwlU4e1aRXgMmGqDDaSdMA |
10.1073/pnas.1214971109 | Medicine_easy_200 | He also wants to explore "trigels" and other "polygels." | Clearly, the interplay between the fluctuations in composition and in density gives rise to the different percolation regimes. | "We could apply these methods to a wealth of materials other than gels, foams or inks," says Giuseppe Foffi. To explore this new area, the researcher must expand from the micro- to the nanometric level. He also wants to explore "trigels" and other "polygels." | The nature of the percolation at the simulated state points closely reflects the TPT calculations. Clearly, the interplay between the fluctuations in composition and in density gives rise to the different percolation regimes. When the c fluctuations prevail, both the components tend to percolate, whereas only one component percolates when density fluctuations dominate. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121105161212.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0500 | Medicine_easy_201 | Boys were more likely than girls to be prescribed these drugs, and the researchers were encouraged that, overall, antipsychotic use among children has slightly dropped from 2008 to 2010. | 35 This normal maturation of neurobiological systems may underlie the decrease in antipsychotic treatment prevalence during late adolescence among youth who do not have enduring cognitive impairments and long-term severe behavioral disorders. | "What's especially important is the finding that around 1.5 percent of boys aged 10-18 are on antipsychotics, and then this rate abruptly falls by half, as adolescents become young adults." Boys were more likely than girls to be prescribed these drugs, and the researchers were encouraged that, overall, antipsychotic use among children has slightly dropped from 2008 to 2010. (The average rates of use hover around 1 percent of the population)
Regardless, they were concerned about the fact that these drugs were usually given by medical professionals without efforts to seek safer, more appropriate, treatments or for conditions that are known to improve over age. | Much also remains to be learned about the community and clinical prevalence of explosive aggression in children and adolescents. 35 This normal maturation of neurobiological systems may underlie the decrease in antipsychotic treatment prevalence during late adolescence among youth who do not have enduring cognitive impairments and long-term severe behavioral disorders. Social factors may also play a role in the age-related decrease in antipsychotic treatment in late adolescence. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/antipsychotics-are-being-given-kids-temporary-behavioral-problems-adhd-341188 |
10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.058 | Medicine_easy_203 | "The requirement of MRN for sensing both cellular and viral genome breaks has profound consequences," says O'Shea. | Etoposide induces cellular DNA breaks and the phosphorylation of ATM at discrete DDR foci ( Figure 3C ). | This means the virus is effectively ignored while the cell responds to the more massive alarm. "The requirement of MRN for sensing both cellular and viral genome breaks has profound consequences," says O'Shea. "When MRN is recruited to cellular DNA breaks, it can no longer sense and respond to incoming viral genomes. | ATM activation triggers ATM autophosphorylation at Ser1981 . Etoposide induces cellular DNA breaks and the phosphorylation of ATM at discrete DDR foci ( Figure 3C ). Strikingly, ATM phosphorylation is also induced at nascent E2A viral genome replication domains ( Figure 3D ). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/cancers/66433-the-dna-damage-response-goes-viral-a-way-in-for-new-cancer-treatments.html |
10.1038/s41598-018-26198-7 | Medicine_easy_204 | "Because INF-g is one of the key effector cytokines in cytotoxic immune responses, these results support a role for stretching in promoting TH-1 cytotoxic immunity," they note. | Both active and passive stretching had similar effects compared with anesthesia alone, and there was no significant difference between the effects of active and passive stretching 23 . | The authors point out that diminished cytotoxic immunity is a mechanism that underpins the state of T-cell exhaustion in cancer, and is linked with lower levels of effector cytokines and the presence of inhibitor receptors on T cells, which permits tolerance to the cancer cells. "Because INF-g is one of the key effector cytokines in cytotoxic immune responses, these results support a role for stretching in promoting TH-1 cytotoxic immunity," they note. When they next looked at T-lymphocyte populations, they found that mice in the stretch group exhibited lower levels of programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) checkpoint-bearing CD8+ T cells, one of the major markers of T-cell exhaustion, suggesting that stretching may in addition counteract CD8+ T-cell impairment and "allow adaptive cytotoxic immune responses against the tumor to take place." | While our method of stretching does not fully suspend the animal, since its front feet are allowed to grip a bar of the cage, some stress inevitably results from being restrained by the tail, and muscle activity is required to maintain the stretched posture; in the no stretch group, we did not hold the mice by the tail, as they have a tendency to pull away which can cause inadvertent stretching of tissues. Both active and passive stretching had similar effects compared with anesthesia alone, and there was no significant difference between the effects of active and passive stretching 23 . This result demonstrated a mechanical effect of stretching that was not due to stress or muscle activity (since these were identical in the two anesthetized groups). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34125675804&p=1pl&v=1&x=EIuTbzUDbEKkr7kvXb-kdg |
10.1002/ece3.3060 | Medicine_easy_206 | "Even though some habitat features seemed to affect dispersal, we found that, for all four species, breeding season was a better predictor than habitat of the observed genetic differences," Burkhart says. | Although metamorphosis is often prolonged, under stressful environmental conditions, such as pond drying, amphibian larvae are able to initiate metamorphosis more quickly if individuals are larger than the threshold size for metamorphosis . | Distance between ponds and various landscape features could not fully explain the observed genetic differences. "Even though some habitat features seemed to affect dispersal, we found that, for all four species, breeding season was a better predictor than habitat of the observed genetic differences," Burkhart says. "Practically, what this says is that landscape variables are not quite as important as the timing of the breeding season." | We observed higher degrees of genetic differentiation and the presence of genetic clusters for the fall breeding species, A. annulatum and A. opacum, and a lower degree of genetic differentiation and a lack of genetic clustering in the spring breeding species, A. maculatum and N. v. louisianensis. Although metamorphosis is often prolonged, under stressful environmental conditions, such as pond drying, amphibian larvae are able to initiate metamorphosis more quickly if individuals are larger than the threshold size for metamorphosis . Our observation of differential patterns of genetic structure between spring and fall breeding salamander species concurs with previous genetic studies of ambystomatid species that investigated patterns of genetic differentiations in species with different life histories. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.futurity.org/salamanders-breeding-1515412-2/ |
10.1038/s41598-018-35253-2 | Medicine_easy_207 | If this volcano and glacier is representative of other similar systems, it could mean masses of previously unaccounted methane are being released into the atmosphere. | Signatures of mixed geogenic/microbial origin should therefore lie on an end member mixing trajectory as depicted in Fig. | The study, published in Scientific Reports, is the first to show methane is released from glaciers on such a large scale. If this volcano and glacier is representative of other similar systems, it could mean masses of previously unaccounted methane are being released into the atmosphere. They found that compared to other nearby rivers and sediments, the levels were far higher. | Isotopic fractionation during biogenic methanogenesis typically leads to δ 13 C values between −50 to −110‰, and δD values between −170 to −531‰ 23 . Signatures of mixed geogenic/microbial origin should therefore lie on an end member mixing trajectory as depicted in Fig. As the most enriched values exceed the geogenic range, the observed isotopic signatures cannot be explained by a mixture of biogenic and geogenic methane (Fig. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37747037897&p=1pl&v=1&x=25zujygYqDoju4-7l9c6zQ |
10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.016 | Medicine_easy_208 | Eventually, the research team concluded that zebrafish copy each other's motions and are dependent on another socially engaged fish to begin social orienting. | There were no sex differences in the percentage of time spent in motion ( Figure S1D ; p = 0.630), suggesting that sex differences are specific to social engagement. | As the project progressed, fish were exposed to non-fish objects, which failed to initiate social orienting. Eventually, the research team concluded that zebrafish copy each other's motions and are dependent on another socially engaged fish to begin social orienting. The presence of another fish that is not socially engaged is insufficient to trigger interaction regardless of their proximity, a finding that mirrors reciprocal social interaction in humans. | These findings replicate previous descriptions of sex differences in zebrafish social behavior . There were no sex differences in the percentage of time spent in motion ( Figure S1D ; p = 0.630), suggesting that sex differences are specific to social engagement. Consistent with mammalian studies, apo-treated fish had impaired social interactions and showed no significant increase in time spent at 45 -90 when exposed to control fish ( Figure 1F ; p = 0.260, 2446 Current Biology 28, 2445-2451, August 6, 2018 n = 23). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34657319504&p=1pl&v=1&x=IZljwk13voqosD3secxjLg |
10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111282 | Medicine_easy_209 | Ultimately, we're all interested in making medication more efficient. | A pilot study in 58 inpatients participating in the MARS project found that subjects whose ABCB1 genotyping information was used in clinical decision making had greater HAM-D response rates (t=2.091, df=111, p=0.020, one-sided) and greater remission rates (x 2 =6.596, df=1, p=0.005, one sided) . | It's simply too early. Ultimately, we're all interested in making medication more efficient. But even though products promising a future filled with personalized medicine are starting to hit drugstore shelves, the research still suggests we're not at a point where our genes can help determine our dosages -- yet. | Further obscuring the evaluation of this approach is the finding that some antidepressants modulate the activity of ABCB1 itself . A pilot study in 58 inpatients participating in the MARS project found that subjects whose ABCB1 genotyping information was used in clinical decision making had greater HAM-D response rates (t=2.091, df=111, p=0.020, one-sided) and greater remission rates (x 2 =6.596, df=1, p=0.005, one sided) . Inclusion of ABCB1 here is not based on the level of evidence supporting its association with the treatment of major depression but rather because the study described above that investigated the clinical utility of ABCB1-guided treatment falls within the purview of this review. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37574117193&p=1pl&v=1&x=ptbwG_dACdLouZko2EPU2w |
10.1073/pnas.1414221111 | Medicine_easy_211 | Planning has begun to move (+)-SJ733 from the laboratory into the clinic beginning with a safety study of the drug in healthy adults. | Therefore, (+)-SJ733 is expected to have a safety margin of at least 43-fold [comparing AUC max in the rat safety studies to AUC from the dose giving maximal parasitological response in mice (Fig. | "The data suggest that compounds targeting ATP4 induce physical changes in the infected red blood cells that allow the immune system or erythrocyte quality control mechanisms to recognize and rapidly eliminate infected cells," DeRisi said. "This rapid clearance response depends on the presence of both the parasite and the investigational drug. Planning has begun to move (+)-SJ733 from the laboratory into the clinic beginning with a safety study of the drug in healthy adults. | (+)-SJ733 has not exhibited either significant safety liabilities at any dose in extensive profiling in vitro (see summary in SI Appendix) or significant safety or tolerability liabilities in either single-or repeat-dose studies at any dose tested in any preclinical species (no observed adverse effect level and maximum tolerated dose >240 mg/kg from 7-d repeat dosing study in rat; see summary in SI Appendix). Therefore, (+)-SJ733 is expected to have a safety margin of at least 43-fold [comparing AUC max in the rat safety studies to AUC from the dose giving maximal parasitological response in mice (Fig. 1C) ]. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141205175027.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news%2Ftop_science+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+Science+News%29 |
10.1038/s41598-017-03627-7 | Medicine_easy_212 | There's more research to be done, for instance, focusing on clinical implications of these findings and even implications of empathy training. | It is thus possible that males did not realize the magnitude of the effectiveness of their touch and therefore their pain ratings did not decrease in the touch condition. | However, this current study acknowledges that mechanisms identified as social touch analgesia (pain-relief without loss of consciousness), remains widely unknown. There's more research to be done, for instance, focusing on clinical implications of these findings and even implications of empathy training. According to Goldstein, "it's unlikely that this research will solve the problem of painkillers." | These findings can be explained by the fact that female participants experienced the real pain and their male partners only guessed the females' pain level. It is thus possible that males did not realize the magnitude of the effectiveness of their touch and therefore their pain ratings did not decrease in the touch condition. Although the current study used a controlled design with several balanced conditions, it has several limitations that need to be acknowledged. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | https://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/nervous-system/holding-hands-can-ease-pain.htm#mkcpgn=rssnws1 |
10.1126/science.aan2802 | Medicine_easy_213 | "When you can split a true surface Dirac cone while keeping time-reversal symmetry, something truly special happens," said Bernevig. | 12(d,f) , pristine Au 2 Y 3 and Hg 2 Sr 3 are gapless, with C 4z -protected Dirac points near the Fermi energy. | "This allows an elegant and immediately useful means of designing desirable surface and interface states." "When you can split a true surface Dirac cone while keeping time-reversal symmetry, something truly special happens," said Bernevig. "If we could paint these materials with the right wallpaper, we'd see more Dirac insulators," said Wieder, "but sometimes, the wrong wallpaper is interesting too." | We find that Sr 2 Pb 3 posses an indirect gap but that, as shown in Fig. 12(d,f) , pristine Au 2 Y 3 and Hg 2 Sr 3 are gapless, with C 4z -protected Dirac points near the Fermi energy. Applying strain in the (100)-direction (x) breaks C 4z while still preserving the two glides that project to form wallpaper group pgg on the (001)-surface. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34589828281&p=1pl&v=1&x=ORfbQynOxQU3ku30qRz59A |
10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.013 | Medicine_easy_214 | "Our in vitro live-cell-imaging-based system will permit more efficient dissection of the underlying interaction mechanisms and more rapid screening for inhibitors of bacterial-endothelial interactions and dissemination." | Tethers and catch bonds can independently stabilize leukocyte rolling under lower shear stress conditions but act together to strengthen interactions at higher shear stresses. | The study appears August 25 in Cell Reports. "Our in vitro live-cell-imaging-based system will permit more efficient dissection of the underlying interaction mechanisms and more rapid screening for inhibitors of bacterial-endothelial interactions and dissemination." By calculating the displacement of bacteria from the endothelial cells, the researchers also found that the microbes use bungee-cord-like tethers to stabilize and strengthen these bonds. | Interaction of circulating cells with endothelia is not stabilized by catch bonds alone, but also by tension-responsive, stretch-able cellular and extracellular structures physically associated with adhesion complexes. Tethers and catch bonds can independently stabilize leukocyte rolling under lower shear stress conditions but act together to strengthen interactions at higher shear stresses. B. burgdorferi extravasate extremely rapidly from PCVs (<150 ms to penetrate endothelial lining) in a process that does not require bacterial stationary adhesion and is initiated by two mechanistically distinct interaction types, tethering and dragging, which move faster and slower than 100 μm/s, respectively, along PCV surfaces . | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160825130027.htm |
10.1001/jama.2009.1943 | Medicine_easy_215 | You destroy the placebo effect if you destroy people's faith and trust in their doctors. | This important feature of the evidence base is not reflected in the implicit messages present in the marketing of these medications to practitioners and the public. | No, because you'd have to lie to people, and I don't think patients should be lied to. You destroy the placebo effect if you destroy people's faith and trust in their doctors. It's unethical and ultimately self-defeating. | What makes our findings both surprising and compelling is the high level of depression symptom severity that appears to be required for clinically meaningful drug/placebo differences to emerge, particularly given the evidence that the majority of patients receiving antidepressant medication in clinical practice present with scores below these levels. This important feature of the evidence base is not reflected in the implicit messages present in the marketing of these medications to practitioners and the public. , efforts should be made to clarify to providers and prospective patients that whereas ADMs can be quite potent with more severe depressions, there is little evidence to suggest that they produce specific pharmacological benefit for the majority of patients with less severe depressions. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://discovermagazine.com/2010/the-brain/09-psychologist-says-antidepressants-are-just-fancy-placebos?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+DiscoverMindBrain+%28Discover+Mind+%26+Brain%29 |
10.1002/emmm.201302567 | Medicine_easy_216 | (click to enlarge)
Many SMA patients do reach adulthood, however, and on occasion people develop symptoms of the illness only after they have become adults. | D. Western analysis shows reduction in SMN expression at PS7 and especially at PS30. | Compared with healthy tissue on the left, the sample on the right shows both a reduced number of motor neurons and shrinkage of those that are present (the neurons are stained brownish-yellow in these views). (click to enlarge)
Many SMA patients do reach adulthood, however, and on occasion people develop symptoms of the illness only after they have become adults. Hence the importance of the team's success, reported online today in EMBO Molecular Medicine. | RT-PCR shows inhibition of exon 7 inclusion in PS7 spinal cord (B) and other tissues (C). D. Western analysis shows reduction in SMN expression at PS7 and especially at PS30. www.embomolmed.org Post-developmental pathology in SMA displayed facial and paw oedema, culminating in death. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/42722-first-animal-model-of-adult-onset-sma-sheds-light-on-disease-progression-and-treatment.html |
10.1373/clinchem.2012.187617 | Medicine_easy_217 | Conducting a fecal study in space is harder than you think. | The advantages of using urinary samples include relatively large sample volumes and the convenience of noninvasive collection. | Yes, that's poop, and in Scott Kelly's case, his space poop had a lot to say about life 240 miles above the planet's surface. Conducting a fecal study in space is harder than you think. While Scott Kelly was in orbit, the microbes found in his gut shifted significantly from the kinds that the researchers found on the ground. | The data set will enable future investigations into the epidemiology and ecology of the human microbiome in various disease states, and treatment strategies will evolve from these studies. The advantages of using urinary samples include relatively large sample volumes and the convenience of noninvasive collection. In addition, urine samples can be used for the investigation of the chronology of metabolic changes and thus are a valuable tool for investigations related to the pathogenesis or progression of disease and for screening and diagnosis as well as prognostic evaluation. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38972928248&p=1pl&v=1&x=ysfCh3UQ1PqOUUs0UQwPzg |
10.1038/s41598-018-30933-5 | Medicine_easy_218 | Krasheninnikova said the answer might lie in the way that African greys enjoy manipulating objects. | When provided with a choice between a food or a token that could be exchanged for more preferred food, all four species inhibited their impulsive reactions and selected the token significantly more often than chance, thus maximising their payoff. | But the African greys, one in particular, often took the token. Krasheninnikova said the answer might lie in the way that African greys enjoy manipulating objects. "We know they're very playful," she said. | These findings parallel earlier findings in primates and suggest that the parrots indeed attributed value to the tokens. When provided with a choice between a food or a token that could be exchanged for more preferred food, all four species inhibited their impulsive reactions and selected the token significantly more often than chance, thus maximising their payoff. They did so regardless of the value of the immediate gain, i.e., low (condition 1) or medium (condition 2). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37173365584&p=1pl&v=1&x=NJ_GBBnbEaGhqvCYXwBU-Q |
10.1038/s41598-018-25573-8 | Medicine_easy_219 | The tumor closely resembles cancer patient tumor and contains extracellular matrix as well as stromal cells and extensive vasculature. | A surface charge property can be altered to prevent the aggregation of particles in biological media and to achieve prolonged circulation. | The scientists had similar results when they used ovarian tumor samples taken directly from patients, showing that their chicken egg model provides a system for replicating human cancer. The tumor closely resembles cancer patient tumor and contains extracellular matrix as well as stromal cells and extensive vasculature. No significant damage to various organs in the chicken embryo occurred. | These characteristics point to attractive features of this animal model system. A surface charge property can be altered to prevent the aggregation of particles in biological media and to achieve prolonged circulation. These nanoparticles retain the advantageous features of MSNs described above and, in addition, they possess enhanced degradability. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34218407527&p=1pl&v=1&x=TZ9cA3HHZNB3jHckRRSErA |
10.1038/s41551-018-0317-8 | Medicine_easy_221 | (DONs alleviated oxidative stress within 2 hours of incubation with affected kidney cells.) | M13 and partially folded DONs expose virus DNA in the blood, which can trigger immune surveillance or enzyme/protein interaction and subsequent liver sequestration 25 . | The accumulation of the nanostructures in both healthy and diseased kidneys provided an increased therapeutic effect compared with traditional AKI therapy. (DONs alleviated oxidative stress within 2 hours of incubation with affected kidney cells.) Improvement in AKI kidney function -- comparable with high-dose administration of the drug NAC -- was observed following the introduction of nanostructures. | First, compared with M13 ssDNA and partially folded DONs, intact DONs are more compact structures without significant regions of DNA exposed to enzymes/proteins in the blood pool 42 . M13 and partially folded DONs expose virus DNA in the blood, which can trigger immune surveillance or enzyme/protein interaction and subsequent liver sequestration 25 . In contrast, fully folded DONs may elude unnecessary enzyme digestion due to their compact structures 22 . | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37636191811&p=1pl&v=1&x=qc3pI9OOn-ja-gCCneNC8w |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Medicine_easy_222 | Unlike their less popular peers, these kids were actively seeking high school fame. | This study found that a constellation of pseudomature behaviors in early adolescence predicted significant difficulties in social functioning up to 10 years later, in early adulthood. | The kids who ran their high schools at 13 tended to drink more, get into trouble more, have more sex, and importantly, sought out popularity. Unlike their less popular peers, these kids were actively seeking high school fame. And as the cohort got older, these mature behaviors got a forceful shove into full-blown recklessness. | ***p < .001. close friendship competence in early adolescence, higher levels of pseudomature behavior at ages 13-15 predicted lower peer ratings of participants' close friendship competence in early adulthood. This study found that a constellation of pseudomature behaviors in early adolescence predicted significant difficulties in social functioning up to 10 years later, in early adulthood. The findings support the proposition that early adolescent attempts to gain status via pseudomature behavior are not simply passing annoyances of this developmental stage, but rather may signal movement down a problematic pathway and away from progress toward real psychosocial competence. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/cool-kids-grow-be-adult-burnouts-how-early-popularity-can-kill-childs-future-287922 |
10.1002/emmm.201302567 | Medicine_easy_223 | Type IV SMA patients have 4 or more copies of the SMN2 gene and don't experience effects of the disease until adulthood. | However, this systemic treatment had no therapeutic benefit in adult mice that were first administered ASO-20-37 by ICV injection (Fig 6) . | People who have 2-3 copies (Type II SMA) make more protein and survive longer, but can never walk. Type IV SMA patients have 4 or more copies of the SMN2 gene and don't experience effects of the disease until adulthood. The flaw in the protein's production is understood. | Its ability to correct splicing in the CNS or peripheral tissues correlated with phenotypic and histological amelioration in ASO-20-37-treated mice (Fig 6; Supporting Information Fig S5) . However, this systemic treatment had no therapeutic benefit in adult mice that were first administered ASO-20-37 by ICV injection (Fig 6) . This is similar to what we observed with neonatal mice sequentially treated with these ASOs ). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130909093116.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1086/649555 | Medicine_easy_224 | This lesson is instructive in thinking about why some pockets of America are overreacting to the threat of Ebola. | Using the attack rate of ILI (students, 10%; faculty/ staff, 5%) along with the size of the community (students, 18,872; faculty/staff, 5871), we estimated that 1887 students and 300 faculty/staff may have had ILI during the outbreak. | This lesson is instructive in thinking about why some pockets of America are overreacting to the threat of Ebola. The chances that Ebola will infect any given American is incredibly, incredibly small. There have been four infections in the United States since the first case was diagnosed here last month. | No hospitalizations were reported among faculty/staff. Using the attack rate of ILI (students, 10%; faculty/ staff, 5%) along with the size of the community (students, 18,872; faculty/staff, 5871), we estimated that 1887 students and 300 faculty/staff may have had ILI during the outbreak. No deaths were reported among the University community. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/10/why-outbreaks-breed-hysteria/381898/ |
10.1038/s41467-019-09863-x | Medicine_easy_225 | According to the study, this affects their impact on both the global climate and economy. | All this warrants their rigorous quantitative assessment. | The paper says nearly all climate policy studies to date implied a constant SAF and zero PCF. According to the study, this affects their impact on both the global climate and economy. "These two components are set to peak for global temperatures within the range covered by the Paris Agreement, but if the climate warms further, the summer and spring sea ice and land snow covers will retreat further north and the albedo feedback will actually weaken." | PCF is caused by additional CO 2 and methane emissions from thawing permafrost, and SAF is mostly driven by increased solar absorption due to the decline of Arctic sea ice and land snow covers. All this warrants their rigorous quantitative assessment. The emulators allow one to study the entire parameter space, which is not possible with complex physical models, and also help establish dynamic links between highly specialized climate and economic models. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39075144927&p=1pl&v=1&x=7hu8D2B6RjJADdTPIfJdLQ |
10.1073/pnas.1322295111 | Medicine_easy_227 | In particular, the scientists think that the insula may become hyperactive in chronic gamblers, heightening their sense of confidence and motivation. | Comparing the target group against the lesion comparison group and healthy participants, subjective confidence did not vary significantly as a function of either winning streak length (F(4,184) = 0.25, p = .833) or losing streak length (F(4,184) = 1.61, p = .192). | The scientists believe that these results suggest where we might find some of the neural circuits that play a critical role in risky decision making. In particular, the scientists think that the insula may become hyperactive in chronic gamblers, heightening their sense of confidence and motivation. These findings may be useful for the development of future treatments for gambling addictions, provided we can specifically target insula activity through prescription drugs or psychological techniques such as meditation. | This gambler's fallacy effect did not vary across groups (main effect of Group: F(2,50) = 1.14, p = .327; Group x Run Length interaction F(8,200) = 0.56, p = .728) (see Fig. Comparing the target group against the lesion comparison group and healthy participants, subjective confidence did not vary significantly as a function of either winning streak length (F(4,184) = 0.25, p = .833) or losing streak length (F(4,184) = 1.61, p = .192). As such, there was no discernible 'hot hand' effect in our data (although see also Table S3 ). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://arstechnica.com/science/2014/04/brain-damage-can-make-people-immune-to-the-gamblers-fallacy/ |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Medicine_easy_229 | "We must stop the glorification of violence in our society," he said. | This is among the first studies to test the effects of violent gaming on human aggression using a preregistered hypothesis-testing framework and the first to do so following the registered reports protocol. | "The idea of these video games, they dehumanize individuals to have a game out of shooting individuals and others," McCarthy said. "We must stop the glorification of violence in our society," he said. "This includes the gruesome and grisly video games that are now commonplace." | It is crucial that scientists conduct work with openness and rigour if we are to build a real understanding of the positive and negative dynamics and impacts of technology in people's lives . This is among the first studies to test the effects of violent gaming on human aggression using a preregistered hypothesis-testing framework and the first to do so following the registered reports protocol. The results provide confirmatory evidence that violent video game engagement, on balance, is not associated with observable variability in adolescents' aggressive behaviour. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39882021759&p=1pl&v=1&x=WDSVA9_GGY2tcF2kX9kO8w |
10.1186/s12916-017-0986-2 | Medicine_easy_230 | Overall, 25 percent of the patients in the reviewed studies had some type of complication after surgery. | Conflicts regarding the abstracted data were resolved through discussion. | "These factors could be targeted in the preoperative clinic, potentially leading to better outcomes for older adults undergoing elective surgery," she said. Overall, 25 percent of the patients in the reviewed studies had some type of complication after surgery. More information
More on surgery risks for older people is available at SeniorLiving.Org. | April 21, 2016) for potentially relevant studies. Conflicts regarding the abstracted data were resolved through discussion. Similar to the concept of the number needed to treat or number needed to harm, the NNF represents the number of patients who need to be followed in a prognostic study in order to see one outcome . | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33000673455&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZUA80X35mG1U_VnPyqM0hw |
10.1073/pnas.1403984111 | Medicine_easy_231 | Elephant numbers in Tanzania's Selous Game Reserve dropped from 40,000 to 13,000 in the last three years alone. | Preliminary data from 2013 indicate overharvesting continued. | "There are still healthy growing populations in parts of Africa - Botswana, for example. Elephant numbers in Tanzania's Selous Game Reserve dropped from 40,000 to 13,000 in the last three years alone. Remy de la Mauviniere/AP
The study found that Botswana and South Africa's elephant populations remained relatively stable during the three year period. | More broadly, results from application to continental data indicated illegal killing levels were unsustainable for the species between 2010 and 2012, peaking to ∼8% in 2011 which extrapolates to ∼40,000 elephants illegally killed and a probable species reduction of ∼3% that year. Preliminary data from 2013 indicate overharvesting continued. In contrast to the rest of Africa, our analysis corroborates that Central African forest elephants experienced decline throughout the last decade. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.usnews.com/news/newsgram/articles/2014/08/19/poachers-exhausting-elephant-population |
10.1186/2045-5380-3-19 | Medicine_easy_232 | It works by heightening CNS connections to control hyperactivity and impulses. | FAAH inhibition also decreases anxiety in the rat pup ultrasonic vocalization test , light-dark exploration assay and marble-burying assay . | As such, the potential CBD shows as the most effective natural alternative to Adderall is very significant. It works by heightening CNS connections to control hyperactivity and impulses. This, in turn, helps improve focus and attention in those with ADHD. | For example, a CB1 receptor antagonist reduced anxiety in the elevated plus-maze in maze-experienced mice , reduced some signs of anxiety in the defensive probe burying assay and reduced anxiety associated with alcohol withdrawal . FAAH inhibition also decreases anxiety in the rat pup ultrasonic vocalization test , light-dark exploration assay and marble-burying assay . Similarly, FAAH−/− mice exhibit reduced anxiety in the light-dark box assay and elevated plus-maze during conditions of high aversiveness, but not low stress conditions . | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38859700967&p=1pl&v=1&x=UP_btp_fYMUlHDGz6aK1Xw |
10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.10.008 | Medicine_easy_233 | Furthermore, women whose births had complications were 174% more likely to experience PND compared to those women who had no complications. | Newly adopting mothers also show similar levels of depression to postnatal women, indicating the importance of psychosocial stressors, in addition to biological factors, relating to early maternal experience . | Overall the researchers identified that women who give birth to males are 71-79% more likely to develop PND. Furthermore, women whose births had complications were 174% more likely to experience PND compared to those women who had no complications. As a result of their findings, Dr Sarah Johns and Dr Sarah Myers in the University's School of Anthropology and Conservation (SAC), conclude that recognising that both male infants and birth complications are PND risk factors should help health professionals in identifying and supporting women who may by more likely to develop this condition. | For instance, a broad-spectrum approach employing 74 inflammatory markers found inflammation to be the second best predictor of PND after prior depressive history . Newly adopting mothers also show similar levels of depression to postnatal women, indicating the importance of psychosocial stressors, in addition to biological factors, relating to early maternal experience . Significant ethical justification is rightly required before conducting biomedical tests on perinatal women, and while understanding causal pathways in depression aetiology is important, they are not necessarily needed to identify new risk factors. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37610791342&p=1pl&v=1&x=1tnqqzlDqElQHdC1h3TnYA |
10.1038/s41598-018-29793-w | Medicine_easy_234 | As if that werenat weird enough, researchers further found that study participantsa noses fell into six different nasal microbiome subtypes. | Causality was not established in this study, but it seems possible that the increase in alpha-diversity was a result of the increased rhinorrhea rather than vice versa 36 . | Well, as a turns out, your nose has a microbiome, too a and it might play a key role in how well you fight off colds. As if that werenat weird enough, researchers further found that study participantsa noses fell into six different nasal microbiome subtypes. These nasal microbiome types are linked to how bad your cold symptoms get, and how well you fight the virus off in the first place. | The results of our study suggest that rhinovirus infection did not have a major impact on the microbiota, although we found an association between rhinorrhea severity and increased alpha-diversity after the virus challenge. Causality was not established in this study, but it seems possible that the increase in alpha-diversity was a result of the increased rhinorrhea rather than vice versa 36 . A convenience sample of patients with H1N1 type influenza found that during infection the microbial profile was similar to that described in healthy individuals and the profile had no correlation with the demographic characteristics of the patients 37 . | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37227743738&p=1pl&v=1&x=2zyW9bON3VHP6zbXr8qTXQ |
10.1038/s41467-018-08278-4 | Medicine_easy_235 | Not only did the bones regrew, they also formed more complete joint structures with part of the new bones attached to them. | Prg4 expression is associated with synovial cavity formation during development. | After three days, over 60 per cent of the stump bones formed a layer of cartilage, as seen in joints, at the end of the bones.The result was more effective when the team treated the wounds first with BMP2 and then BMP9 a week later. Not only did the bones regrew, they also formed more complete joint structures with part of the new bones attached to them. Although the method does not yet produce a full toe. | This suggests that the cavitation response plays a key role in the joint regeneration response. Prg4 expression is associated with synovial cavity formation during development. Thus, the cavitation requirement in joint regeneration may be linked to progenitor cells associated with Prg4-expressing superficial cells. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38471832747&p=1pl&v=1&x=OkXzmFMojF7uETOGt2qtkg |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Medicine_easy_237 | This fact can also in part explain why mean age of parents has increased. | These differences may be moderated by the welfare state. | "Those who become parents at young ages have a downward happiness trajectory, but those who become parents at older ages and men with more resources have more positive short- and long-term responses to a birth," the scientists claim. This fact can also in part explain why mean age of parents has increased. People see that parenthood is easier for older people and choose to have children later. | However, parents who already have children may be more confident in their skills and may be better able to cope with children, which would predict that parents' happiness response is more positive for higher-order births. These differences may be moderated by the welfare state. The differences in outof-wedlock childbearing and public support to parents may result in greater differences in parental well-being by marital status in Britain than in Germany. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.technology.org/2014/08/27/third-child-make-parents-happier/ |
10.1016/j.cub.2013.11.012 | Medicine_easy_239 | Individuals without computer experience found it far more difficult to make finely controlled adjustments of the hand, especially when the hand was hidden. | Interestingly, non-computer users still have a broad generalization as their generalization is significantly larger than zero even at the largest angular separation of 180 (30.0% 6 6.9%; p < 0.001, one-sample t test). | Before the training period, migrant works who already had computer experience performed better than their computer-naive peers on all the tests. Individuals without computer experience found it far more difficult to make finely controlled adjustments of the hand, especially when the hand was hidden. But after just 2 weeks of training, migrant workers with no previous computer experience performed just as well as college students at using a computer mouse and applying that skill to other fine-motor hand skills, the team reports today in Current Biology. | However, the computer users, compared to the non-computer-user group, generalize much more into other directions [interaction effect F(8, 96) = 6.9, p < 0.0001; main effect on groups F(2, 24) = 12.5, p < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA; Figure 2B ]. Interestingly, non-computer users still have a broad generalization as their generalization is significantly larger than zero even at the largest angular separation of 180 (30.0% 6 6.9%; p < 0.001, one-sample t test). There is no difference between the computer group and the student group, suggesting that subjects of different ages behave similarly as long as they are computer users. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://news.sciencemag.org/brain-behavior/2013/12/click-here-improve-your-motor-skills |
10.1073/pnas.1720880115 | Medicine_easy_240 | "Our evidence, which squares with emerging evidence including rocks in western Australia, suggests that the early Earth was capable of forming continental crust within 350 million years of the formation of the solar system," said Patrick Boehnke, the T.C. | This is in contrast to the Lu/Hf system, where precise knowledge of concordance is vital for an accurate ingrowth correction; we do not perform an ingrowth correction because of the low Rb/Sr ratios in apatites. | Continental crust is richer in essential minerals than younger volcanic rock, which would have made it significantly friendlier to supporting life. "Our evidence, which squares with emerging evidence including rocks in western Australia, suggests that the early Earth was capable of forming continental crust within 350 million years of the formation of the solar system," said Patrick Boehnke, the T.C. "This alters the classic view, that the crust was hot, dry and hellish for more than half a billion years after it formed." | Because a Pb-Pb age of a discordant zircon is a lower limit on the crystallization age, our inferred Rb/Sr ratios are biased to be too low rather than too high. This is in contrast to the Lu/Hf system, where precise knowledge of concordance is vital for an accurate ingrowth correction; we do not perform an ingrowth correction because of the low Rb/Sr ratios in apatites. The advantages to this technique are that it is element specific and has very high sensitivity. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34221550085&p=1pl&v=1&x=yntfsQfpUvQ2r4IWPN7HkA |
10.1038/s41598-018-25573-8 | Medicine_easy_241 | The team had similar results when they used ovarian tumour samples taken directly from patients, showing that their chicken egg model provides a convenient system for replicating human cancer. | Kidney shape is altered and spleen shrank and could not be detected. | The team had similar results when they used ovarian tumour samples taken directly from patients, showing that their chicken egg model provides a convenient system for replicating human cancer. This conclusion is supported by their detailed characterization of the tumour, demonstrating that it possesses all major cancer features. "We were surprised when the tumour was formed in three days," says Tamanoi. " | The color of liver, intestine and kidney was quite different. Kidney shape is altered and spleen shrank and could not be detected. These results suggest that free doxorubicin causes various adverse effect but that these side effect can be overcome by loading onto the nanoparticles. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34220579892&p=1pl&v=1&x=hyv7yBfI9spqaAdmPr3ViA |
10.1038/nn.3635 | Medicine_easy_242 | Using this approach, scientists should also be able to study how the human brain analyzes other types of information such as motor, verbal, or sensory signals, the researchers say. | Importantly, comparing the V1 and IT time course directly (Fig. | The approach will be useful for future studies elucidating other perceptual and cognitive processes," says Kriegeskorte, who was not part of the research team. Using this approach, scientists should also be able to study how the human brain analyzes other types of information such as motor, verbal, or sensory signals, the researchers say. It could also shed light on processes that underlie conditions such as memory disorders or dyslexia, and could benefit patients suffering from paralysis or neurodegenerative diseases. | The difference in peak-to-peak latency was significant (n = 16, signpermutation test, P = 0.016). Importantly, comparing the V1 and IT time course directly (Fig. 4d) , we found that MEG signals correlated more with V1 than with IT early (peak at 93 ms (79-102 ms)) and more with IT than with V1 later (peak at 284 ms (152-303 ms)). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140127141758.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1016/j.jpain.2017.11.005 | Medicine_easy_243 | But needle insertions in specific points are a universal trait of the therapy. | The results are shown in Table 6 . | If nothing else, acupuncture qualifies as a "time-tested" form of therapy. But needle insertions in specific points are a universal trait of the therapy. More from Tonic:
From the perspective of conventional medicine, a therapy doesn't "work" unless it both outperforms a placebo and does so via an identifiable "mechanism of action." | Trial-level and patient-level characteristics are found in Tables 4 and 5 , respectively. The results are shown in Table 6 . We did not find any obvious association between trial outcome and characteristics such as the style of acupuncture (Traditional or Western), use of fixed versus individualized point selection or the use of electrical stimulation. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38497695155&p=1pl&v=1&x=s_16A13LceP0QMt7V7o-QA |
10.1038/srep01456 | Medicine_easy_245 | It is a return to normal." | Bed bugs injected with dsRNA of malE or target genes suffered ,10% mortality within 6 days after injection. | The return of bed bugs, Borel notes, "isn't a fluke. It is a return to normal." Not surprisingly, the bugs with traits that made them better able to survive in their new digs outlived their friends and family members who weren't as well suited for the urban lifestyle. | Moreover, among 21 field bed bug populations tested, 100% of populations were associated with at least two molecular mechanisms (not including LA-1 the reference population), implying the prevalent involvement of multiple mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in the field bed bug populations. Bed bugs injected with dsRNA of malE or target genes suffered ,10% mortality within 6 days after injection. The target genes tested were successfully suppressed by RNAi (Fig. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/bedbugs-are-evolving-into-nightmare-insects-2015-4 |
10.1038/s41586-018-0731-9 | Medicine_easy_247 | He said:
GRAVITY allowed us to resolve the so-called 'broad line region' for the first time ever, and to observe the motion of gas clouds around the central black hole. | We clearly detect a velocity gradient (Fig. | So with these optical telescopes and the GRAVITY instrument, the astronomers can now see into distant space more clearly. He said:
GRAVITY allowed us to resolve the so-called 'broad line region' for the first time ever, and to observe the motion of gas clouds around the central black hole. Our observations reveal that the gas clouds do whirl around the central black hole. | We reject the null hypothesis of zero differential phase at a significance of more than 5σ (Methods). We clearly detect a velocity gradient (Fig. By fitting a model with symmetric photo-centres on the red and blue sides of the line to all data, we determine a measured offset of Δx = ±(−9.5, 6.8) ± (1.6, 1.1) μas in right ascension and declination to the blue and red sides, which corresponds to a radial shift of about 0.03 pc (6,000 au). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | https://earthsky.org/space/1st-close-up-look-supermassive-black-hole-3c273 |
10.1534/genetics.116.197285 | Medicine_easy_249 | Suddenly, dreams of creating super mosquitoes to eradicate disease were alive again. | 11, 2016; frequency, whereas for low c and high fitness costs the driver may not be able to invade at all. | Unckless said despite its promise, the approach "more or less stalled out" until two years ago when researchers in California incorporated CRISPR/Cas9 into their gene drive constructs. Suddenly, dreams of creating super mosquitoes to eradicate disease were alive again. "That might include the CRISPR/Cas9 machinery but also a new gene that provides resistance to dengue fever in the mosquito, for example, so the two spread together. | Briefly, in scenarios with high cleavage rate and small fitness costs, the driver will usually fix even when introduced at low 2 . 11, 2016; frequency, whereas for low c and high fitness costs the driver may not be able to invade at all. Intermediate scenarios can give rise to equilibria that are usually unstable, but can be stable if c is small and fitness costs are low and recessive. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/research-shows-nature-can-beat-back-scientific-tinkering-with-genes-of-entire-species/ |
10.1038/s41598-018-29793-w | Medicine_easy_250 | Overall the results of the study suggest a role for the nasal microbiota in the modulation of immune response, viral load and symptoms of the common cold in otherwise healthy adults. | Anyhow, few differences between the clusters were detected. | Importantly, changes in the response were reflected in cold symptoms and showed that subjects with Corynebacterium/Alloiococcus nasal microbiota type had lower symptom scores than Staphylococcus or Pseudomonadaceae/Mixed types. Overall the results of the study suggest a role for the nasal microbiota in the modulation of immune response, viral load and symptoms of the common cold in otherwise healthy adults. Further research studies are required to fully elucidate the possibilities that changes in nasal microbiota could bring to the treatment of the common cold. | Overall the D0 cluster effect on total symptom scores did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.06). Anyhow, few differences between the clusters were detected. WURSS-21 score, including functional and symptom scores, was lower in Cor/All cluster compared to Staph (P = 0.031) and Ps/Mix clusters (P = 0.026) (Fig. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37212337515&p=1pl&v=1&x=vY8mG30zrZfedaap_KKw6g |
10.1038/ncomms4999 | Medicine_easy_251 | The picosecond ringing time is just perfect for the most efficient reaction. | This is not observed. | Any longer and the enzyme would simple oscillate forever: react, unreact, react, unreact, etc. The picosecond ringing time is just perfect for the most efficient reaction. Klaas Wynne, Chair in Chemical Physics at the University of Glasgow said: "This research shows us that proteins have mechanical properties that are highly unexpected and geared towards maximising efficiency. | If the solvated-protein spectrum in the terahertz range were due to multiple localized modes, one would expect an inhomogeneous gaussian distribution of local-mode frequencies-reflecting different local masses and forces-giving rise to a broad overdamped spectrum. This is not observed. An alternative explanation for the observed signal is librations of individual amino acids. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140603092424.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1002/hec.3070 | Medicine_easy_252 | A 20 per cent sales tax would raise annual costs per person by about $15 to $17. | The overall corresponding reductions in body weight (presented in Table 8 ) are similar at sample means for low (around 0.43kg) and middle income households (around 0.5kg), but almost half (around 0.23 Kgs) for high income households. | Although both taxes would be regressive, representing a greater proportion of lower incomes than higher ones, the proposed rates would keep this effect mild, Dr Sharma said. A 20 per cent sales tax would raise annual costs per person by about $15 to $17. But in weight-loss terms, average consumption would drop by more than 10,000 kilojoules a quarter, with about one third of a kilo coming off on the scales. | Middle-income households have the strongest response (56.02%). The overall corresponding reductions in body weight (presented in Table 8 ) are similar at sample means for low (around 0.43kg) and middle income households (around 0.5kg), but almost half (around 0.23 Kgs) for high income households. This can mainly be attributed to differences in quantities consumed by income groups: for example, while high-income households respond more to the tax in percentage points for cordial and fruit drinks, they consume less of those beverages overall (see Table 1 ). | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140617094037.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Medicine_easy_253 | Mass shooters killed 31 people last weekend in El Paso and Dayton, Ohio, and three people in Gilroy, California, last month, including two children. | smaller), equivalent (i.e. | Mass shooters killed 31 people last weekend in El Paso and Dayton, Ohio, and three people in Gilroy, California, last month, including two children. The week was the deadliest for mass shootings and fatalities this year, whichever way one chooses to count them. Based on what their analyses revealed, here are five common misconceptions about the perpetrators of mass shootings:
Myth: Mass shooters have a specific profile that can be easily spotted ahead of time. | These results did not support the idea that there is a critical amount of violent video game play which serves as a tipping point for aggressive behaviour. smaller), equivalent (i.e. larger) to findings present in the existing literature , and in line with proposed minimum practical media effect sizes [72] . | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39882736616&p=1pl&v=1&x=QLA1HMQhScCizGL1drmq5A |
10.1038/s41467-018-07459-5 | Medicine_easy_254 | In other words, the authors think that there may be some follicle shapes out there that trap bacteria and oils more easily, causing breakouts to occur more often and with greater severity. | The binding site harbours a conserved sequence motif that is disrupted by rs34560261 (Fig. | "It may be that the genetic variation influences the shape of these hair follicles and makes them more prone to bacteria and inflammation, which are a characteristic of acne." In other words, the authors think that there may be some follicle shapes out there that trap bacteria and oils more easily, causing breakouts to occur more often and with greater severity. The authors note in the study that there appear to be plenty of gene regions yet to be identified by future research, but this is a terrific step forward. | The second putative causal variant identified by the finemapping approach is rs34560261, located in intron 1 of SEMA4B at 15q26.1. The binding site harbours a conserved sequence motif that is disrupted by rs34560261 (Fig. The protective minor allele introduces a thymine nucleotide at the position of an invariant cytosine (Fig. | [1] | Medicine | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37979673685&p=1pl&v=1&x=PH6n9y5vtIx8fZldCwwgSw |