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en1501 | Termites can be observed both in nurseries and in the lands, especially where there is lack of decomposed organic material during hot and dry weather. Seedlings or young transplants are eaten just at the base of the stem | Chiswe chimapezeka panazale komanso kuminda makamaka komwe kulibe zinyalala zowola munyengo yotentha komanso youma. Mbande kapena timitengo ting'onoting'ono timadyedwa kunsi kwa tsinde lake | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1502 | To ensure tobacco hygiene during storage with respect to this pest, farmers are required by law to have their tobacco holding shed and storage structures checked from time to time by produce inspectors | Poonetsetsa ukhondo ku fodya panthawi yosunga maka kunkhani ya kachilombo kameneka, alimi akuyenera mwa lamulo kuti malo osankhira kapena kusungira fodya adziyenderedwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi alangizi a ulimiwu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1503 | Apart from providing cash incomes to farmers, processed cotton seed provides valuable raw material for the manufacturing of cooking oil and livestock feeds | Kupatula kubweretsa ndalama kwa alimi, mbewu yathonje yogayidwa imapezetsa zipangizo zopangira mafuta ophikira komanso zakudya za ziweto | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1504 | Hybrid cotton varieties include MAHYCO C 567-The main features include hairy leaves and semi erect growth habit. | Mbewu yamakono ya thonje ikuphatikiza MAHYCO C 567-Zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi masamba a bweya ndi kukula mopendekera mmwamba | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1505 | Its average height is about 131 cm and flowers about 61 days after emergence. It is medium maturing | Imatalika kufika 131cm ndipo maluwa ake amatuluka pakadutsa masiku 61 itamera. Imacha pakatikati | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1506 | It produces bolls which mature and start opening at about 119 days after crop emergence. It has high seed cotton yield potential above 3500 Kg/ha | Imatulutsa mipira yomwe imakhwima ndikuyamba kutseguka pakatha masiku 119 kuchokera tsiku lomera mbewu. Ili ndi kuthekera kopeleka nthanga za thonje zambiri kudutsa 3500kgs pa hectare | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1507 | The main features include slightly hairy leaves and semi erect growth habit. Its average height is about 125 cm and flowers about 60 days after emergence | Zizindikiro zambiri zikuphatikiza masamba a bweya komanso kukula mopendekera dzuwa. Imatalika kufika 125cm ndipo imachita maluwa pakatha masiku 60 pambuyo pakumera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1508 | It is medium maturing. It produces bolls which mature and start opening at about 117 days after crop emergence | Imacha pakatikati. Imatulutsa mipira yomwe imakhwima ndi kuyamba kutseguka pakutha kwa masiku 117 pambuyo pakumera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1509 | It has high seed cotton yield potential above 3500 Kg/ha. It gives 18 % more seed cotton yield than Makoka 2000; 74 % over RASAM 17 and 24 % over IRM 81 | Ili ndi kuthekera kopeleka nthanga za thonje zambiri kudutsa 3500kg pa hectare. Imapeleka 18% mbewu yochulukirapo kuposa Makoka 2000; 74% kuposa RASAM 17 ndi 24% kuposa IRM 81 | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1510 | MAKOKA 2000 variety has a compact growth habit with an open canopy that facilitates effective ground canopy spraying | Mbewu ya Makoka 2000 ili imakula mothithikana ndipo imatayana kumwambaku zomwe zimathandizira kupopera pansi mosavuta | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1511 | The average number of days between sowing and flowering and boll opening (maturity) are 53 and 44 days, respectively | Pakati pofetsa ndi kuchita maluwa komanso kutseguka kwa mipira pamadutsa masiku 53 ndi 44 motsogozana | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1512 | Cotton should be sown at the onset of first effective planting rains which is normally 50 mm and capable of wetting the soil to a depth of at least 15cm | Thonje lifetsedwe poyambilira penpeni pamene mvula yobzalira yagwa mokwanira yomwe imakhala 50mm ndipo yokwanira kunyowetsa dothi ndi 15cm kulowa pansi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1513 | Where a farmer is faced with shortage of labour he/she may dry plant, if adequate rains are anticipated within one to two weeks of sowing | Pomwe mlimi wakumana ndi kupelewera kwa ogwira ntchito, akhoza kubzala mvula isanagwe ngati akuyembekezera mvula yokwanira msabata imodzi ndi awiri pambuyo pofetsa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1514 | In a normal season sowing may continue up to the first week of January in all cotton growing areas except for Karonga where planting may continue up to the end of January. However, a delay of 4 weeks in planting can account for up to 30% loss in yield | Munyengo yabwino kufetsa kukhoza kupitilira mpaka sabata yoyambilira ya January mmadera onse omwe amalima thonje kupatula ku Karonga komwe kubzala kukhoza kupitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa January. Komabe kuchedwa kubzala ndi sabata zinayi kumachepetsa zokolola ndi 30% | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1515 | Supplying or filling of gaps should be done within 2 to 3 days of emergence to ensure uniform growth | Kupatulira kapena kupachiza kuchitike mkati pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu mbewu zikamera kuti zidzikulira pamodzi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1516 | It is only recommended when 2 consecutive stations have less than 2 plants each. About 3 weeks after emergence when plants should be thinned to 3 best plants per station for 60cm spacing and to one for 20 to 30cm spacing | Ndikoyenera kutero nagti mapando awiri otsatana ali ndi mbewu zosaposera ziwiri. Pafupifupi sabata zitatu mbewu zitamera, zipatulidwe kuti patsale mbewu zitatu paphando pa mtunda wa 60cm kapena imodzi ngati mapando atalikirana 20 kapena 30cm | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1517 | Thinning should be done when the soil is moist to avoid damaging roots of adjacent plants. If the soil is dry, thinning should be done by cutting the unwanted plants using a knife or a pair of scissors | Kupatulira kuchitike pamene mthaka ili yonyowa kupewa kuononga mitsitsi ya mbewu zoyandikana. Ngati dotjhi ndolouma, kupatulira kuchitike podula mbewu zosafunikirazo pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni kapena chimeto | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1518 | A delay in thinning will result in plants severely competing for nutrients, sunlight and moisture. This in turn will result in substantial yield losses | Kuchedwa kupatulira kumachititsa mbewu kukanganirana kwambiri zakudya, dzuwa ndi chinyezi. Izi zimacheoetsa zokolola kwambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1519 | Cotton responds to fertilizer especially on light sandy soils. Farmers should be encouraged to apply fertilizers to their cotton if early crop establishment shows stunted growth | Thonje limavomera ku fertilizer makamaka mudothi lamchenga. Alimi akulimbikitsidwa kuthira fertlizer kuthonje lawo ngati likuoneka kupinimbira pachiyambi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1520 | Use of Foliar fertilizers can correct N, P, K, B deficiency problems in cotton. Application of FOLIFERT supplement at 2 liters/ha (60 ml/15 liters of water) can boost crop development and yield increase | Kugwiritsani ntchito fertlizer wamasamba kungakonze kupelewera kwa N, P, K, B mu thonje. Kuthira FOLIFERET pa 2liters pa hectare, posakaniza 60ml ndi 15 liters ya madzi, kungapeleke mphamvu ku mbewu ndikuonjezera zokolola | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1521 | Spraying should be done 5 times every two weeks starting from 4 weeks after emergence | Kupopera kuchitike maulendo asanu pa sabata ziwiri zilizonse kuyambira sabata yachinayi pamene zamera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1522 | Spraying should be done early in the morning before 10.00 hours or late in the afternoon after 16.00 hours for best results | Kupopera kuchitike mmawa kwambiri 10 koloko isanakwane kapena kumadzulo kwambiri pambuyo pa 4 koloko kuti agwire bwino ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1523 | Boron deficiency results in shedding of flowers and bolls | Kuchepa kwa Boron kumachititsa maluwa ndi mipira kugwa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1524 | To correct the deficiency, boron in the form of Solubor should be dissolved together with insecticides and sprayed with the first 6 sprays | Pofuna kukonza kupelewera kwa Boron, Boron yemwe ndi wamadzi asungunulidwe pamodzi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikupoperedwa pakupopera kwa chisanu ndi chimodzi koyamba | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1525 | It is extremely important to keep cotton free of weeds between planting and flowering. If weeds are left to compete with the crop during this period, very low yields will be obtained | Ndi kofunikira kwambiri kuti mu thonje musakhale tchire pakati pa nthawi yobzala ndi yochita maluwa. Ngati tchire lasiyidwa ndikumapikisana ndi mbewu panthawi imeneyi, zokolola zimakhala zochepa kwambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1526 | This is because weeds compete for nutrients, soil moisture and solar radiation (sunlight) which are essential for good growth and high yields | Izi zimachitika chifukwa tchire limapikisana uti lipeze michere, chinyezi komanso dzuwa zomwe ndizofunikira pakakulidwe ndi kubeleka kwambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1527 | Farmers should not wait for dry spells before weeding because by the time there is a dry spell, weeds may already have overcrowded the small plants | Alimi asadikire nyengo pomwe mvula yadula kuti apalire tchire chifukwa podzafika nthawi yomwe kulibe mvula tchire lidzakhala lakula ndikumiza mbewu zing'onozing'ono | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1528 | Some weeds which occur later in the season must be removed before bolls open to avoid seeds and trash getting onto the lint | Udzu wina womwe umamera mochedwerapo munyengoyi uchotsedwe mipira isanayambe kutsegula popewa nthanga ndi zinyalala kuwononga thonje | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1529 | Cotton has the highest insect pest load of all crops grown in Malawi. Consequently, insect pests are the largest single factor limiting cotton production in the country | Thonje liri ndi tizilombo tambiri toononga mwa mbewu zonse zolimidwa mMalawi muno. Zotsatira zake ndi zakuti tizilombo toonongati ndi chimodzi chokhacho chimene chikubwezeretsa mbuyo ulimi wa thonje mdziko muno | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1530 | Scouting is the key to pest management on cotton as it is the only way of determining estimates of pest levels in a cotton field | Kuyendera munda ndingodya yothanirana ndi tizilombo mu thonje pakuti ndi njira yokhayo yodziwira kuchuluka kwa tizilombo mmunda wa thonje | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1531 | Farmers should be advised not to spray on a routine weekly basis but rather spray only when a weekly scouting has shown that bollworm eggs and insect pest counts have reached recommended action threshold levels | Alimi alangizidwe kuti asapopele mwachizolowezi sabata iliyonse koma adzipopera akaona kuti kuyendera kwapasabata kwapeza kuti mazira a tizilombo towononga mipira komanso chiwerengero cha tizilombo tachuluka kufika pamulingo woyenera kupopera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1532 | In this way farmers may save some insecticides and time, besides delaying the onset of pesticide resistance and pest resurgence | Munjira imeneyi alimi apulumutsa mankhwala komanso nthawi kupatula kuchedwetsa kupezeka kwa tizilombo tosamva mankhwala komanso kubuka kwa tizilombo towononga | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1533 | It is therefore very important that agricultural staff give guidance to farmers on recommended methods of scouting including the choice and use of various recommended insecticides | Choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti alangizi a zaulimi apeleke malangizo kwa alimi pa njira zoyenera kutsatira pochita kafukufuku wa tizilombo towononga mbewu kuphatikizirapo kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ovomerezeka osiyanasiyana. | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1534 | The knock down effect is quick but some larvae may recover. With cotton stainers, actual death may take a long time | Kufa kwawo nkwachangu koma mphusi zina zimasisimuka. Ndi tizilombo todetsa thonje, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zife | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1535 | Any signs of frequent recovery should be reported to appropriate authorities as this may be a sign of development of resistance | Zizindikiro zilizonse zochira mwansanga zinenedwe kwa alangizi oyenera pakuti ichi chikhoza kukhala chizindiro chakusamva mankhwala | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1536 | Similarly, build-up of insect pests such as whitefly and red spidermites should be reported | Chimodzimodzi, kuchulukana kwa tizilombo towononga monga ntchentche zoyera ndi nsabwe zofiira zinenedwe kwa alangizi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1537 | At the moment no scouting technique has been devised for whitefly for use by extension staff | Pakali pano palibe njira yeniyeni yopangira kauniuni wa ntchentche zoyera woti alangizi akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1538 | Measures of field crop hygiene are particularly important | Ndondomeko za ukhondo wa mbewu mmunda ndi zofunikira kwambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1539 | Observing the closed season is particularly important for pink bollworm which is difficult to control with pesticides | Kutsatira nyengo yosagwira ntchito ndikofunika kwambiri kwa tizilombo towononga mipira ta pink tomwe nditovuta kuthana nato ndi mankhwala | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1540 | Among the regulations governing this is that all cotton stalks should be uprooted by 30th July and burned by 15th August together with trash on the ground except in Karonga where uprooting and burning should be complete by 31st August and15th September respectively. By following this regulation, the pest load is reduced for the next season’s crop | Ena mwa malamulo otsogolera ndi akuti mitengo yonse ya thonje izulidwe pofika pa 30 July ndi kuotchedwa pofika pa 15 August pamodzi ndi zinyalala zonse zapansi kupatula ku Karonga komwe kudzula ndikuotcha kuchitike pofika 31 August ndi 15 September motsogozana. Ngati malamulowa atsatidwa, kuchuluka kwa tizilombo kumachepa pofika nyengo yaulimi yotsatira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1541 | Harvesting should be done when 3 to 5 bolls have opened per plant and should be done every 10 to 14 days on average | Kukolola kuchitike pamene mipira itatu kufika isanu yatsegula pa mbewu iliyonse ndipo kuchitike pamasiku khumi kufika khumi ndi anayi aliwonse | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1542 | Using 2 hands, pick into a cloth bag tied round the waist having separate pockets for clean and stained cotton | Pogwiritsa ntchito manja awiri, tolani ndikuyika muthumba lansalu, lomangidwa mchiuno, lokhala ndi magawo osungira thonje loyera kapena lakuda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1543 | Walk between 2 rows picking bolls from sides of adjacent row, and checking for trash before putting the cotton in the bag | Yendani pakati pa mizere iwiri mukutola mipira ya thonje mbali zonse ziwiri kwinaku mukuona zinyalala musanayike thonje muthumba | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1544 | Late harvesting results in staining of seed cotton, loss of weight, mice damage and dirtening of lint due to falling on to the ground and collecting dust | Kukolola mochedwa kumachititsa nthanga za thonje kusintha mtundu, kuchepa kalemeredwe, kudyedwa ndi mbewa komansp kuda kwa thonje chifukwa chogwera mdothi ndikubwira fumbi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1545 | Picking should never be done when it is wet. If plants are wet in the morning picking should be delayed until surface of open bolls is dry | Kutola thonje kusachitike pamene thonje lanyowa. Ngati mbewu zanyowa mmamawa, kutola kuchedwe kufika pamene kunja kwa mipira yotsegula yauma | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1546 | After harvesting, the seed cotton should be thoroughly graded before taking it to ADMARC or other registered markets | Pambuyo pokolola, nthanga za thonje zisankhidwe zisanapite ku ADMARC kapena kumisika ina yovomerezeka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1547 | There are two grades of cotton, A and B. Grade A is clean cotton without trash while grade B is stained cotton without trash | Thonje likasankhidwa limakhala mmagulu awiri, A ndi B. Gulu A ndi thonje loyera kwambiri lopanda zinyalala pamene gulu B ndi thonje lakuda koma lopanda zinyalala | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1548 | Grading should be done in the shade as in the sun all the cotton appears clean. For more information on cotton, interested parties should refer to the publication on Cotton Hand book of Malawi | Kusankha thonje kuyenera kuchitika panthunzi chifukwa padzuwa thonje lonse limaoneka loyera. Pofuna uthenga wokwanira wa thonje, omwe ali ndi chidwi awerenge buku la Cotton Handbook of Malawi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1549 | Malawi has a wide range of climatic conditions and soil types which enable a variety of fruits to be produced | Malawi ili ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana komanso dothi lamitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zimathandiza kuti zipatso zamitundumitundu zidzilimidwa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1550 | Fruits are valuable sources of vitamins and mineral salts which are essential for body protection against diseases. Some fruits provide proteins, carbohydrates and oils | Zipatso zimapeleka ma vitamin ndi michere yomwe ndiyofunikira ku chitetezo cha mthupi ku matenda. Zipatso zina zimapereka zakudya zomanga thupi, zokhutitsa komanso zamafuta | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1551 | They are also a source of income. Several factors such as cultural practices, insect pest and disease incidences limit the yield and quality of fruits in the country | Zimabweretsanso ndalama. Zinthu zambiri monga njira zakasamalidwe, kupezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda zimachepetsa zokolola ndi ubwinom wa zipatso mdziko muno | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1552 | Site selection should be done carefully considering soil types and climatic conditions for each type of fruit crop | Kusankha malo kuchitike mosamala polingalira mitundu yadothi ndi nyengo pa mtundu uliwonse wa mbewu ya zipatso | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1553 | Soils should be deep, fertile and free draining. To prevent Amillaria root rot disease all unwanted trees should be ring-barked and left to die | Dothi likhale lozama, lachonde ndi losavuta kuphwera madzi. Kupewa matenda ovunda mitsitsi a Amillaria, mitengo yonse yosafunikira ichotsedwe khungwa mozungulira tsinde ndipo iyidwe kuti ife | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1554 | Those that cannot die by ring-barking must be dug out with as much root system as possible. This should be done 2 years in advance of planting | Yomwe siingafe pochotsa khungwa iyenera kukumbidwa ndi mitsitsi yonse. Izi zichitike zaka ziwiri nthawi yobzala isanafike | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1555 | In areas where there are strong prevailing winds, establish a wind break one year before planting the fruit trees | Kumadera komwe kumakhala mphepo yamphamvu nthawi zambiri, ikani zotchingira mphepo chaka chimodzi musanafike nthawi yobazala mitengo yazipatso | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1556 | The time of planting for each type of fruit tree should be followed to achieve successful establishment | Nthawi yobzala mtundu uliwonse wa zipatso uyenera kutsatidwa kuti igwire bwino kwambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1557 | All trees should be spaced according to recommendations. The planting holes should be 90cm in diameter and 90cm deep | Mitengo yonse iyenera kubzalidwa ndi mipata yovomerezeka. Mayenje obzala mbewu akhale 90cm kuzungulira komanso 90cm kuya kwake | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1558 | They should be dug at least 2 months before planting and filled with top soil mixed with 5 to 10kg of well decomposed manure | Akumbidwe pafupifupi miyezi iwiri musanabzale ndipo akwililidwe ndi dothi lapamwamba losakanizidwa bwino ndi 50kgs kufika 10kgs yamanyowa ovunda bwino | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1559 | Make basins or box ridges around each tree and mulch. The fruit trees should remain mulched throughout the year to conserve moisture | Pangani mayenje kapena mabokosi kuzungulira mtengo uliwonse ndipo phimbirani. Mitengo yazipatso ikhalebe yophimbira nthawi zonse pachaka kuti posunga chinyezi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1560 | Irrigate where applicable. Protect the orchard from fire hazards by weeding and making fi re breaks of at least 3m wide around it | Thilirani ngati nkoyenera. Tetezani munda wa zipatso ku ziopsezo za moto popalira tchire ndikupanga miseu yozimira moto yokula 3 meters kuzungulira munda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1561 | Trees should be pruned as recommended. Insect pests, diseases and nematodes should be controlled by using appropriate control methods. | Mitengo isadzidwe monga mwandondomeko zake. Tizilombo, matenda komanso mbozi tithane nazo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1562 | It is important to apply manure during the period of tree growth and development. Apply 5 to10kg of well decomposed manure per tree at every beginning of the rainy season | Ndikofunika kwambiri kuthira manyowa nthawi imene mitengo ikukula. Thirani 5kgs kufika 10kgs yamanyowa owola bwino pa mtengo uliwonse kumayambiliro kwa nyengo yamvula | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1563 | Fertilizer applications should be based on soil and leaf analysis. Apply half of the chemical fertilizer at the beginning of the rainy season and the other half when the rains are tailing off | Kuthira fertilizer kutengere kauniuni wa dothi ndi masamba. Thirani theka la fertlizer kumayambiliro kwa nyengo yamvula ndipo theka linalo kumapeto kwa mvula | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1564 | These are fruit trees that are evergreen and prefer warm to hot environment, characteristic of tropical and sub-tropical conditions | Iyi ndi mitengo yazipatso yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala yobiliwira ndipo imalola nyengo yotentherako, monga nyengo zammadera otentha | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1565 | They do not withstand frost and are therefore suitable for growing in low medium altitude areas ranging from sea level to 1, 200m above sea level | Simagwirizana ndi chisanu ndipo ndiyoyenera kulimidwa mmadera otsika pang'ono kuyambira kunyanja kufika mtunda wa 1200m pamwamba pa nyanja | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1566 | Tropical and sub-tropical fruits in Malawi include citrus, bananas and plantains, pineapples, mangoes, avocado pears, guavas and pawpaws | Zipatso zokonda madera otentha ku Malawi ndi monga malalanje, nthochi, zinanazi, mango, mapeyala, gwafa ndi papaya | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1567 | The basin area should be kept weed free at all time. Weeds outside the basin area should be kept short by slashing. | Padzenje pakhale popanda tchire nthawi zonse. Tchire lakunja kwa dzenje likhale lalifupi politchetcha | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1568 | The important insect pests of citrus are fruit flies, false codling moth, orange dog, aphids, leaf miner and scales | Tizilombo towononga tofunikira kwambiri mmitengo yamalanje ndi ntchentche, false codling moth, agalu achikasu, nsabwe za mbewu, leaf miner ndi scales | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1569 | Dark spots may appear on the bark which become water soaked and colour the outer bark surface | Malotcho akuda akhoza kuoneka pamakhungwa amitengo omwe amadzadza ndi madzi ndikusintha maonekedwe a kunja kwa khungwa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1570 | Advanced stages of the disease result in splitting or shredding of the bark which becomes dry, and often curls or becomes loosened from the wood | Matenda a mbewu akakula kwambiri amadzetsa kuwazika kapena kusendeka kwa makungwa omwe amauma, komanso kupilingizana kapena kuchoka pa mtengo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1571 | Gumming may appear during the early stages of disease development. The end result is a die back | Kutuluka utoto kukhoza kuoneka kumayambiliro kwa matenda. Mapeto ake ndikufa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1572 | Usually the trunk becomes girdled and the tree finally dies. This disease can be controlled by using tolerant varieties | Nthawi zambiri tsinde limatupa ndipo mtengo umafa. Nthenda imeneyi kuthana nayo kwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yopilira kumatenda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1573 | Bananas are widely grown in the country. In some parts of Thyolo, Mulanje, Nkhotakota and Nkhatabay bananas are grown as a cash crop | Nthochi zimabzalidwa mmadera ambiri mdziko muno. Mmadera ena ku Thyolo, Mulanje, Nkhotakota ndi Nkhatabay, nthochi zimalimidwa ngati mbewu zobweretsa ndalama | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1574 | The crop is also grown in other parts of the country for local consumption. In Misuku Hills and Karonga both bananas and plantains are grown as staple food | Mbewuyi imalimidwanso mmadera ena a mdziko muno kuti adzidya. Ku mapiri a Misuku ndi Karonga, ntchochi ndi ma plantain zimalimidwa ngati chakudya chawo chatsiku ndi tsiku | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1575 | Bananas and plantains grow best in warm to hot areas with well distributed rainfall of more than 1,200 mm | Nthochi ndi ma plantain zimakula bwino mmadera otentha pang'ono mpaka madera otentha kwambiri komwe mvula imagwa moyenera ndipo imapitilira 1200mm | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1576 | However in Malawi bananas and plantains are grown even in cool frost free areas. Bananas are more tolerant to moisture stress than plantains. Soils should be deep, free draining and rich in organic matter | Komabe ku Malawi nthochi zimalimidwa ngakhale madera ozizira kwambiri koma komwe madzi saundana. Nthochi zimapilira kwambiri chilala kuposa ma plantains. Mthaka ikhale yakuya, yosasunga madzi ndiponso yachonde chambiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1577 | Plant dwarf varieties at 2m x 2m in poor soils or 2.3m x 2.3m in fertile soils. Plantains and giant bananas should be spaced either at 3m x 3m in poor soils or 3.5m x 3.5m in fertile soils | Bzalani mitundu ifupiifupi motalikirana 2mx2m komwe dothi ndi lopanda chonde kapena 2.3mx2.3m komwe dothi ndi lachonde. Ma plantian ndi nthochi zina zikuluzikulu zibzalidwe motalikirana 3mx3m mudothi lopanda chonde kapena 3.5mx3.5m mudothi lachonde | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1578 | Holes should be dug 2 months in advance and should be 60cm deep and 60 cm in diameter. Nematode free suckers should be planted with first planting rains to a depth of 30 to 45cm | Mayenje akumbidwe miyezi iwiri pokonzekera kubzala ndipo akhale akuya 60cm ndi 60cm pakati. Mphukira zopanda mbozi zibzalidwe ndi mvula yoyamba 30cm kufika 45cm kulowa pansi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1579 | Plant one sucker per hole. For dwarf varieties 1,890 to 2,500 suckers will be required to plant a hectare; whilst 816 to 1,111suckers will be required for giant bananas and plantains | Bzalani mphukira imodzi pa dzenje. Kwa mitundu ifupiifupi, 1890 kufika 2500 ifunika kubzala pa hectare imodzi; pamene mphukira 816 kufika 1111 zifunika za nthochi zikuluzikulu ndi ma plantain. | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1580 | Banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) is a very important insect pest of bananas and attacks corm | Nankafumbwe wanthochi ndi kachilombo kofunikira kwambiri ka nthochi ndipo kamagwira thunthu la nthochi. | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1581 | The adult weevil is nocturnal and its presence is detected by black tunnels on the corm. In severe attacks the plant dies and falls off | Nankafumbwe wamkulu amayenda usiku ndipo kupezeka kwake kumadziwika ndi timauna takuda pathunthu la nthochi. Pomwe waononga kwambiri, mbewu imafa ndikugwa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1582 | Plantains are generally more susceptible. The pest is most prevalent in old mats which are not weeded | Ma plantain amagwidwa kwambiri kuposa nthochi zina. Tizilombo ta mbewuti timapezeka kwambiri mmalo omwe muli ziyangoyango zokhalitsa zomwe sidzilimidwa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1583 | Control is by planting clean material, keeping the plantation weed free and establishing new plantations wherever the insect is not severe | Kuthana nazo ndikudzera kubzala mbweu zopanda matenda kapena tizilomboti, kuonetsetsa kuti mmunda mulibe tchire komanso kutsegula minda ina komwe kulibe nankafumbwe wochuluka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1584 | Fruits should be harvested when fully mature. They are fully mature when fingers on the upper hands are plump and round in shape | Zipatso zikololedwe zikahwima bwinobwino. Zimakhwima ngati zala zake zapamwamba pa dzanja zafufuma komanso ndizobulungira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1585 | Pineapples can be grown at altitudes of up to 1,200m above sea level with warm to hot temperatures ranging from 20 to 30°C | Zinanazi zikhoza kulimidwa mtunda wofika 1200m kuchoka mnyanja ndi nyengo yofunda mpaka yotentha kuchokera 20oC kufika 30oC | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1586 | The fruits grown above 1,200m above sea level are bitter and fibrous. Optimum rainfall for pineapples is 1,500mm well distributed throughout the year | Zipatso zolimidwa mmalo okwera kuposa 1200m kuchoka mnyanja zimakhala zowawasa komanso zaulusi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1587 | In areas with less rainfall supplementary watering is required. The potential yield is 75,000kg per hectare | Mmadera omwe kumagwa mvula yochepa, nkofunika kuthilira. Zokolola zikhoza kufika 75,000 pa hectare | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1588 | The objective is, therefore, to encourage production in suitable areas such as Mulanje, Thyolo, Nkhatabay, Phoka and Songwe, and encourage farmers to achieve the potential yield by following recommended cultural practices | Komabe, cholinga ndi chofuna kulimbikitsa ulimi mmalo oyenera monga ku Mulanje, Thyolo, Nkhatabay, Phoka ndi Songwe ndikulimbikitsa alimi kupeza zokolola zochuluka potsatira njira zoyenera zaulimi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1589 | If there is need to remove any trees, they should be ring-barked 2 years in advance and left to die | Ngati pali kufunika kochotsa mitengo, ichotsedwe khungwa mozungulira tsinde zaka ziwiri isanafike nthawi yobzala kuti ife | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1590 | They should then be uprooted together with most of the root system before establishing the plantation | Kenako izulidwe pamodzi ndi mitsitsi yonse musanayikepo munda wina | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1591 | Dig the land deeply and prepare beds 90cm wide and 25cm high with 60cm pathways between them. Incorporate 5 to10kg of well decomposed manure per square metre. | Kumbani mwakuya mmunda ndi kukonza mabedi otalika 90cm ndi kukwera 25cm okhala ndi mpata wa 60cm wodutsiramo pakati pawo. Phatikizani manyowa olemera 5 kufika 10kgs ma square meter iliyonse | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1592 | Pineapples can be established from suckers, slips and tops. Lower scally leaves are removed from the planting materials to expose the root zone | Zinanazi zikhoza kulimidwa kuchokera ku mphukira, zipapati zake ndi zakunsonga. Masamba ammunsi amachotsedwa kuchokera ma mbewu kuti malo omera mizu akhale poyera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1593 | Slips and tops should be left in the sun upside down for 2 weeks to form a callus (protective layer) at the base of top or slip before planting to avoid rotting | Zipapati ndi zakunsonga ziyikidwe padzuwa mozondotsa kwa sabata ziwiri kuti zinyale kunsi kwake zisanabzalidwe popewa kuola | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1594 | At planting time, planting materials should be graded into several groups according to sizes, and each group should be planted separately to ensure uniform stand and maturity in the field | Panthawi yobzala, mbewu isankhidwe kukhala mmagulu ambiri potengera kukula, ndipo gulu lirilonse libzalidwe palokha pofuna kukhala ndi zigawo zokula mofanana komanso zokhwima mofanana mmundamo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1595 | Plant 2 rows on each bed spaced at 60cm and 30cm between plants and 4cm deep with first planting rains. If planted deeper than 4 cm the planting materials may rot | Bzalani mizere iwiri pabedi lirilonse otalikirana 60cm ndi 30cm pakati pa mbewu ndiponso 4cm kulowa pansi ndi mvula yoyamba. Zikabzalidwa mwakuya kwambiri kuposa 4cm, zimatha kuola | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1596 | Mangoes are widely grown in the country. They do well in warm to hot areas with altitudes ranging from 0 to 750m above sea level with well- defined wet and dry seasons | Mango amalimidwa mmadera ambiri mdziko muno. Amachita bwino mmadera otentha okwera kuyambira 0m kufika 750m kuchoka mnyanja okhala ndi nyengo zodziwika bwino zamvula komanso za dzuwa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1597 | The yields of mango are low in cool areas because of incidences of powdery mildew. Presently yields of fully grown improved mango trees range from 200 to 500 fruits per tree | Zokolola za mango zimachepa mmadera ozizira chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa matenda chiwawu. Pakali pano zokolola za mango amakono omwe akula bwinobwino zimafika zipatso 200 kufika 500 pamtengo uliwonse | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1598 | Although unimproved cultivars of mangoes may yield more than improved cultivars, their high fibre content and large stones may exclude them from certain markets | Ngakhale mitengo yamango yamakolo ingathe kubala kuposa kuchuluka kwa zipatso mmitengo yamakono, ulusi wambiri komanso nthanga zazikulu zimapangitsa kuti asapeze nawo malonda mmisika ina | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1599 | The objective, is therefore, to increase production by improving management of the available local and exotic varieties | Choncho cholinga ndi kuchulikitsa zokolola popititsa patsogolo kasamalidwe ka mitundu yachilengedwe kapena yatsopano yomwe ilipo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en1600 | Use improved grafted varieties which have a small stone and fibreless. Haden – big oblong fruit in shape, sweet, with a partial purple colour skin which becomes lighter when ripe | Gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yamakono yokwatitsa yomwe imakhala ndi nthanga zazing'ono komanso opanda ulusi. Haden - zipatso zimakhala zazikulu zotalika, wotsekemera, ofiilirapo pang'ono kunja kwake komwe kumasintha akapsa | agriculture | agriculture document |