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10.1093/beheco/aru103 | Biology_244 | The effect was not as strong at dusk, with some birds only tweeting about 10 minutes later than usual. | We cannot exclude that early or late disturbance by humans (e.g., pedestrians, joggers) might have woken up the birds earlier during the weekend or drove the blue tits to be active later at dusk. | For instance, in areas with more artificial night light emitted by street lamps, European robins (pictured above) and blackbirds can start singing up to 1.5 hours earlier than sunrise, and great tits chirp an hour earlier than normal. The effect was not as strong at dusk, with some birds only tweeting about 10 minutes later than usual. The finding, published this week in Behavioral Ecology, suggests that birds' perception of day length is rattled by artificial light, but the disruption of the natural pattern may not be entirely bad. | High noise levels during the week may reduce the efficiency of communication, and males may compensate by singing more and somewhat earlier during the weekends. We cannot exclude that early or late disturbance by humans (e.g., pedestrians, joggers) might have woken up the birds earlier during the weekend or drove the blue tits to be active later at dusk. The absence of a clear noise effect seems to contradict previous studies that documented effects of noise pollution on the timing of singing. | [2.0, 4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 2.2 | news | http://news.sciencemag.org/environment/2014/06/why-are-those-birds-so-early |
10.1126/sciadv.1700581 | Biology_245 | advertisement
Sobering findings
The team's results suggest that by the end of the century under a business-as-usual scenario, rainfall in Jordan will decrease by 30 percent, temperatures will increase by 6 degrees Celsius, and the number and duration of droughts will double. | For meteorological drought, we find that the number of years that receive annual precipitation less than −1 SD from the baseline period progressively increases from 7 of 30 years (7 years in 1981-2010 or 23% of years) in the baseline period to 28 of 30 years (94% of years) during 2071-2100. | The authors said this approach could better inform drought management by considering all vulnerabilities for people, agriculture and the environment. advertisement
Sobering findings
The team's results suggest that by the end of the century under a business-as-usual scenario, rainfall in Jordan will decrease by 30 percent, temperatures will increase by 6 degrees Celsius, and the number and duration of droughts will double. Flow from the Yarmouk River, an important source of water that flows from Syria, would decline by up to 75 percent. | Results for the "business-as-usual" case show a significant increase in drought occurrence and severity. For meteorological drought, we find that the number of years that receive annual precipitation less than −1 SD from the baseline period progressively increases from 7 of 30 years (7 years in 1981-2010 or 23% of years) in the baseline period to 28 of 30 years (94% of years) during 2071-2100. Similarly, although the baseline period did not experience a precipitation deficit that falls below −2 SD, 15 of the 30 years (50% of years) during 2071-2100 are likely to experience extreme precipitation deficit, falling below −2 SD (Fig. | [3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.75 | news | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170830202128.htm |
10.1111/gcb.13526 | Biology_247 | In field trials, they decreased leaf area (by manually cutting off new leaflets) by just 5% and still increased yields by 8%. | Inheritance of this characteristic from the wild ancestor could also lead to overproduction of leaves. | The model predicted that a 30-40% decrease in leaf area would increase yields by 8-10%. In field trials, they decreased leaf area (by manually cutting off new leaflets) by just 5% and still increased yields by 8%. "The experiment indicates that that our model is conservative," Srinivasan said. | This results in a much greater distance between leaves than in the bush form of modern cultivated soybean. Inheritance of this characteristic from the wild ancestor could also lead to overproduction of leaves. While lowering LAI makes plants more optimal to maximize seed yield, it also makes the plants less resilient against herbivory, disease losses of leaves, and competition from neighboring plants . | [3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/soybean-plants-with-fewer-leaves-yield-more/ |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.045 | Biology_248 | "We saw drastic changes in the babies' immune system between each sampling, which shows that it is highly dynamic early in life." | Collectively, these findings highlight the reactive nature of the human immune system with implications, not only for our under-standing of newborn immune systems, but also for our understanding of human immune system variation in general and how this is shaped by environmental influences. | "We saw drastic changes in the babies' immune system between each sampling, which shows that it is highly dynamic early in life." Only small amounts of blood, just a few drops from each baby, are needed to analyse all the white blood cells and hundreds of proteins circulating in the blood. The researchers were also able to show that the babies who had abnormal development of the gut flora during the first weeks also demonstrated a disorder of the immune system. | This model does not require inputs to be identical, as long as the number of simultaneous inputs is sufficiently large and give rise to different adaptive responses. Collectively, these findings highlight the reactive nature of the human immune system with implications, not only for our under-standing of newborn immune systems, but also for our understanding of human immune system variation in general and how this is shaped by environmental influences. We also propose that in-depth analyses during early life adaptation to environmental influences provides a unique opportunity for better understanding the molecular mechanisms of immune system adaptation to environmental influences in humans. | [4.0, 5.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 4.333333 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34897998946&p=1pl&v=1&x=xkojRQPNCvCSHFiL-aMHjA |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_25 | In addition, men and women's varied eating habits and differences in the accuracy of food reporting may play a role in the gender gap. | We found that the consumption of instant noodles was associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and marginally associated with abdominal obesity, independent of the major dietary patterns, in women. | He said that can likely be attributed to biological differences (such as sex hormones and metabolism) between the sexes, as well as obesity and metabolic syndrome components. In addition, men and women's varied eating habits and differences in the accuracy of food reporting may play a role in the gender gap. Regardless of the gender-related findings or their causes, Dr. Shin said, the study represents the importance of understanding the foods we feed our bodies. | As shown in previous reports, a high intake of refined carbohydrates such as white rice is known to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, therefore nullifying the possible association between the MP and hyperglycemia in our study. We found that the consumption of instant noodles was associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and marginally associated with abdominal obesity, independent of the major dietary patterns, in women. Our findings suggest that instant noodle consumption alone might confer a higher cardiometabolic risk independent of overall dietary patterns. | [3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.8 | news | http://www.newswise.com/articles/can-instant-noodles-lead-to-heart-disease-diabetes-and-stroke |
10.1073/pnas.1405000111 | Biology_250 | Tracing back through time and examining common ancestors of migratory and non-migratory species, they were able to conclude that there was more evidence supporting the idea that birds lived year-round in North America and began migrating further and further south, resulting in today's birds migrating thousands of miles every year. | Therefore, although multiple geographic processes were likely responsible for the colonization of the tropics by emberizoids, our analyses suggest that winter ranges often reached the tropics before breeding ranges and therefore bolstered temperate-totropical colonization. | Tracing back through time and examining common ancestors of migratory and non-migratory species, they were able to conclude that there was more evidence supporting the idea that birds lived year-round in North America and began migrating further and further south, resulting in today's birds migrating thousands of miles every year. Another result of the study suggests that many tropical species of birds are descendants of migratory ancestors that lost migration and stayed in the tropics year-round. "This is an interesting result because species diversity in this group is much higher in the tropics. | We found that both types of events occurred at high rates (Fig. Therefore, although multiple geographic processes were likely responsible for the colonization of the tropics by emberizoids, our analyses suggest that winter ranges often reached the tropics before breeding ranges and therefore bolstered temperate-totropical colonization. Our study reconciles migratory behavior with geographic origins to untangle a complex geographic history. | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 2.8 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140804151419.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_251 | Dr. Shin discovered that consuming instant noodles two or more times a week was associated with cardiometabolic syndrome. | Consumption of instant noodles once per week was also associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.50) but not in men. | These changes could lead to increased mortality among South Koreans due to cardiovascular disease, along with increased health care costs. Dr. Shin discovered that consuming instant noodles two or more times a week was associated with cardiometabolic syndrome. Dr. Shin also observed that these results were more prevalent in women. | The consumption of instant noodles $2 times/wk was associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women [OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.55; P-trend < 0.01, P-interaction (gender 3 instant noodle intake) = 0.04] and marginally higher abdominal obesity in women (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 0.99, 2.21; Ptrend = 0.06) but not in men ( Table 5 ). Consumption of instant noodles once per week was also associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.50) but not in men. Further adjustment by sodium intake, estrogen use, menopause, or waist circumference also did not change the positive relation between instant noodle intake $2 times/wk and metabolic syndrome in women. | [4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 3.4 | news | http://www.emaxhealth.com/11402/eating-too-many-instant-noodles-could-cause-metabolic-syndrome |
10.1210/en.2015-2036 | Biology_252 | "Although much more research needs to be done, research from our lab and others suggests that people at risk for breast cancer should know their vitamin D levels and take steps to correct any deficiencies," said Brian Feldman, MD, PhD, assistant professor of pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California. | We show that vitamin D signaling inhibits the expression of the tumor progression gene Id1, and this pathway is abrogated in vitamin D deficiency in vivo in 2 murine models of BCa. | These results suggested that vitamin D deficiency acts in a cell autonomous manner, rather than systematically, to affect breast cancer. "Although much more research needs to be done, research from our lab and others suggests that people at risk for breast cancer should know their vitamin D levels and take steps to correct any deficiencies," said Brian Feldman, MD, PhD, assistant professor of pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California. In human breast cancer cell cultures, the mechanism by which vitamin D regulated ID1 was evolutionarily conserved. | We found that ablation of vitamin D receptor expression within BCa cells accelerates primary tumor growth and enables the development of metastases, demonstrating a tumor autonomous effect of vitamin D signaling to suppress BCa metastases. We show that vitamin D signaling inhibits the expression of the tumor progression gene Id1, and this pathway is abrogated in vitamin D deficiency in vivo in 2 murine models of BCa. These findings are relevant to humans, because we discovered that the mechanism of VDR regulation of Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) is conserved in human BCa cells, and there is a negative correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the level of ID1 in primary tumors from patients with BCa. | [4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/lack-of-vitamin-d-may-encourage-breast-cancer-metastasis/article/485433/ |
10.1126/sciadv.aat5107 | Biology_253 | The BioBits kits introduce molecular and synthetic biology concepts without the need for specialized lab equipment, at a fraction of the cost of current standard experimental designs. | Our custom imagers and incubators are included in BioBits™ Bright, making reaction analysis accessible for resourcelimited classrooms. | The BioBits kits introduce molecular and synthetic biology concepts without the need for specialized lab equipment, at a fraction of the cost of current standard experimental designs. The FD-CF reactions pioneered in Collins' lab for molecular manufacturing, when combined with innovations from the lab of Michael Jewett, Ph.D. at Northwestern University, offer a solution to this problem by removing bacteria from the equation altogether. "Challenging the students to build their own in vitro synthetic programs also allows educators to start to talk about how synthetic biologists might control biology to make important products, such as medicines or chemicals," explained Jessica Stark, an NSF Graduate Research Fellow in the Jewett lab at Northwestern University who is co-first author on both papers. | This is made possible by our in-house freeze-dried reactions, which are two orders of magnitude more affordable than existing commercial cell-free kits, at just ~US$0.01 per microliter of reaction volume (table S3) compared to ~US$1 per microliter (Promega L110; NEB E6800S). Our custom imagers and incubators are included in BioBits™ Bright, making reaction analysis accessible for resourcelimited classrooms. Because of the highly portable, cost-effective, and user-friendly nature of the reagents and laboratory activities, the BioBits™ Bright and Explorer kits have utility both inside and outside of a formal classroom or laboratory setting. | [3.0, 5.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.75 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34696777548&p=1pl&v=1&x=pxhPjHWCPi8TfA-LxM_Vbw |
10.1111/1365-2656.12871 | Biology_254 | Our study shows the first evidence that both viruses work in tandem to control rabbit population numbers. | The transition probabilities between the different disease states can be | "This is important because it confirms that MYXV virus weakens animals so that they have a lower resistance when subsequently exposed to RHDV disease. Our study shows the first evidence that both viruses work in tandem to control rabbit population numbers. It is no longer a case of which disease is a better control agent, because their effectiveness is intrinsically linked." | Specifically, the categories for η DZ were (i) all individuals <90 days old, including η RHD = "maternal antibodies" AND/OR η MYXV = "antibodies against MYXV", (ii) η RHD = "susceptible" AND η MYXV = "susceptible" (individuals ≥90 days old), (iii) η RHD = "susceptible" AND η MYXV = "immune" (individuals ≥90 days old), (iv) η RHD = "immune" AND η MYXV = "susceptible" (individuals ≥90 days old) and (v) η RHD = "immune" AND η MYXV = "immune" (individuals ≥90 days old). The transition probabilities between the different disease states can be In the case of RHD, the equation was as follows: | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.25 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34506942217&p=1pl&v=1&x=OCP5j07SbNKK_Tx7JPH1Dw |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.034 | Biology_256 | This suggests that a precision medicine approach to prostate cancer could help better direct immunotherapy treatment. | FTDs associated with CDK12 loss result in highly recurrent gains at loci of genes involved in the cell cycle and DNA replication. | This boosts immune-fighting T-cells, which may explain why these patients benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. This suggests that a precision medicine approach to prostate cancer could help better direct immunotherapy treatment. It could also explain why some prostate cancer patients have had exceptional responses to immunotherapy while the treatment has had lackluster results overall in prostate cancer. | CDK12 mutant cases are associated with elevated neoantigen burden ensuing from fusion-induced chimeric open reading frames and increased tumor T cell infiltration/clonal expansion. FTDs associated with CDK12 loss result in highly recurrent gains at loci of genes involved in the cell cycle and DNA replication. CDK12 mutant cases are baseline diploid and do not exhibit DNA mutational signatures linked to defects in homologous recombination. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34304617241&p=1pl&v=1&x=JkbWFHiGsGoeqOJxN0A0-A |
10.1038/s41467-018-08278-4 | Biology_258 | That cartilage is a key part of joints, and shows definite progress in limb regeneration. | Combining BMP2 and BMP9 treatments in sequence stimulates the regeneration of bone and joint. | Without the proteins, the amputated toes would've healed over as normal. That cartilage is a key part of joints, and shows definite progress in limb regeneration. "These studies provide evidence that treatment of growth factors can be used to engineer a regeneration response from a non-regenerating amputation wound," explain the researchers in their paper. | Regenerated structures include a skeletal element lined with articular cartilage and a synovial cavity, and we demonstrate that this response requires the Prg4 gene. Combining BMP2 and BMP9 treatments in sequence stimulates the regeneration of bone and joint. These studies provide evidence that treatment of growth factors can be used to engineer a regeneration response from a non-regenerating amputation wound. | [4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38466420113&p=1pl&v=1&x=IqxylWeo6-sJ6dtu0xtBJQ |
10.1073/pnas.1414221111 | Biology_259 | In a mouse model of malaria, a single dose of (+)-SJ733 killed 80 percent of malaria parasites within 24 hours. | S3F ). | In this study, researchers determined that (+)-SJ733 uses a novel mechanism to kill the parasite by recruiting the immune system to eliminate malaria-infected red blood cells. In a mouse model of malaria, a single dose of (+)-SJ733 killed 80 percent of malaria parasites within 24 hours. After 48 hours the parasite was undetectable. | (+)-SJ733 bound to a single receptor site in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes with equivalent affinity to its growth-inhibitory potency (k d = 50 nM; SI Appendix, Fig. S3F ). (+)-SJ733 was highly potent and efficacious against P. falciparum 3D7 0087/N9 in vivo when administered as four sequential daily oral doses in the NOD-scid IL2Rγ null mouse model (Fig. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141205175027.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news%2Ftop_science+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+Science+News%29 |
10.1186/gb-2013-14-7-r73 | Biology_26 | The vlincRNAs were shown to be present in cancerous cells as well as stem cells and normal human tissues. | VlincRNAs were found in all cell lines tested, including non-cancerous cell lines and tissues (Table 1) . | "Based upon this technology, we now have a greater understanding of transcriptome regulation, with potential to lead to therapeutic targets and better disease diagnostics." The vlincRNAs were shown to be present in cancerous cells as well as stem cells and normal human tissues. Researchers found that some of these vlincRNAs are co-opted by cancer-associated transcriptional programs. | Overall, 341 of the original 580 tumor vlincRNAs ( Table 1) overlap ENCODE vlincRNAs identified from mostly different cell lines, using a different sequencing platform (p-value 1.54 × 10 -45 ). VlincRNAs were found in all cell lines tested, including non-cancerous cell lines and tissues (Table 1) . Embryonic stem cell line H1-hEsc expressed 469 such regions, while non-cancerous normal human epidermal keratinocyte line (NHEK) and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) expressed 248 and 340 vlincRNAs, respectively (Table 1; Additional File 1, Table S1 ). | [4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 4.5 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130731093915.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1098/rsif.2012.0923 | Biology_260 | "We agree that phytoliths can mark enamel, [but] we don't think they're responsible for removing tissue from it," said study leader Peter Lucas, a dental anthropologist at Kuwait University. | However, we saw no evidence of them and they appear to be suppressed by enamel structure . | The study also found that phytoliths, hard particles produced by plants in mimicry of natural grit, might not be as bad for teeth as previously thought. "We agree that phytoliths can mark enamel, [but] we don't think they're responsible for removing tissue from it," said study leader Peter Lucas, a dental anthropologist at Kuwait University. Gary Schwartz, an enamel expert at Arizona State University's Institute of Human Origins, praised the study for actually testing a common scientific assumption among anthropologists: that food items cause small-scale damage on teeth, which over time scratches and pits the enamel, wearing it down to the point where the teeth are no longer protected and begin to erode. | In this respect, enamel may resemble modern 'tough' ceramics that permit micro-cracking in a confined region under an indenter because, somewhat ironically, this inhibits the possibility of any catastrophic fracture . However, we saw no evidence of them and they appear to be suppressed by enamel structure . Instead, abrasion is likely to be the result of median cracks that turn towards the enamel surface, as is also seen in larger-scale chipping events . | [3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.666667 | news | http://www.insidescience.org/content/grit-filled-foods-wore-down-early-humans-teeth/918 |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.038 | Biology_263 | When telomerase is not active, each time the cells divide, the telomeres get shorter. | Comparison of the TER path in the DNA-free and DNA-bound telomerase shows that significant differences are confined to the template and 3 0 and 5 0 template-adjacent residues in the TRE and next to the TBE, respectively (Figures 4B and S3) . | Of course, there are still steps to go." When telomerase is not active, each time the cells divide, the telomeres get shorter. TRAP plays a crucial role in adding on small pieces of DNA to the ends of chromosomes to keep them from shortening every time cells divide. | In SL4, only the STE (L4) contacts TERT ( Figure 4H ). Comparison of the TER path in the DNA-free and DNA-bound telomerase shows that significant differences are confined to the template and 3 0 and 5 0 template-adjacent residues in the TRE and next to the TBE, respectively (Figures 4B and S3) . The TRE and TBE are essential for defining the 3 0 and 5 0 template boundaries, respectively . | [3.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34239565585&p=1pl&v=1&x=dKdwlCB2iE4axi2krXvE_w |
10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.016 | Biology_264 | Eventually, the research team concluded that zebrafish copy each other's motions and are dependent on another socially engaged fish to begin social orienting. | Similarly, orienting metrics are highly correlated to average distance from the divider, a commonly used measure of social preference in other studies of fish social interactions ( Figure 1E ; R 2 = 0.562, p < 0.001, n = 112) . | As the project progressed, fish were exposed to non-fish objects, which failed to initiate social orienting. Eventually, the research team concluded that zebrafish copy each other's motions and are dependent on another socially engaged fish to begin social orienting. The presence of another fish that is not socially engaged is insufficient to trigger interaction regardless of their proximity, a finding that mirrors reciprocal social interaction in humans. | These results suggest that zebrafish interact with a conspecific by orienting their body axis and that in our assay they habituate to the social stimulus. Similarly, orienting metrics are highly correlated to average distance from the divider, a commonly used measure of social preference in other studies of fish social interactions ( Figure 1E ; R 2 = 0.562, p < 0.001, n = 112) . To determine whether this behavior is explicitly social and driven specifically by conspecifics, we performed identical experiments using an empty tank or a novel object and found no similar transient increase in orienting behavior (p = 0.367, n = 20 and p = 0.355, n = 20, respectively; Figure S1A ). | [1.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34657319504&p=1pl&v=1&x=IZljwk13voqosD3secxjLg |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.034 | Biology_266 | "It suggests that those early stage patients who have CDK12 loss are the ones who will develop metastatic disease. | Further study in the context of a clinical trial is warranted. | That jumped to 7 percent for metastatic cancer, which indicates a more-aggressive form of the disease. "It suggests that those early stage patients who have CDK12 loss are the ones who will develop metastatic disease. This could be a harbinger in early cancer," Chinnaiyan says. | These early clinical results support the hypothesis that metastatic prostate cancer patients who harbor biallelic CDK12 loss may have a higher likelihood of response to immunotherapy than an unselected metastatic prostate cancer population. Further study in the context of a clinical trial is warranted. Importantly, through an integrative genomic approach, we demonstrate that CDK12 mutations are mutually exclusive with other PGDs, such as SPOP mutations and ETS fusions. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34304617241&p=1pl&v=1&x=JkbWFHiGsGoeqOJxN0A0-A |
10.1038/s41467-018-07557-4 | Biology_267 | The most vulnerable areas identified in the paper are home to nearly one million people, and contain 36,000 buildings, 13,000 kilometers of roads, and 100 airports. | For example, at least 19 large settlements (population > 5000) are predicted to occur in the highest hazard zone (estimate = 22), but the number could be as large as 34. | "This is the first study to explicitly show the amount of fundamental infrastructure potentially at risk across the Northern Hemisphere permafrost area under climate change," Hjort and his colleagues wrote in the paper. The most vulnerable areas identified in the paper are home to nearly one million people, and contain 36,000 buildings, 13,000 kilometers of roads, and 100 airports. "The potential risk to railways appears to be especially high," the team noted. | Considering the uncertainty embedded in the projections of ground temperature and annual thaw depth, the quantity of infrastructure potentially under risk is probably not considerably smaller (lower limit), but could be substantially larger (upper limit) than estimated ( Fig. For example, at least 19 large settlements (population > 5000) are predicted to occur in the highest hazard zone (estimate = 22), but the number could be as large as 34. This pattern results primarily from the overall reduction of human activity in the north, where the permafrost thaw potential is lower than in the warmer, southern regions 4 . | [2.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.25 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37952323296&p=1pl&v=1&x=YZkcSHKHdqhjfYYiUvZ_gw |
10.1016/j.cub.2013.11.012 | Biology_268 | In fact, researchers found that Chinese migrant workers accustomed to using computers made broader generalizations when it comes to movement learning when compared to a group of age- and education-matched migrant workers who had never used computers before. | More importantly, participants exhibited significantly larger generalization when they were tested again after 14-day training ( Figure 3A ). | "We want to quickly learn about these so that we do not need to relearn all possible movements once we switch to a new computer. In fact, researchers found that Chinese migrant workers accustomed to using computers made broader generalizations when it comes to movement learning when compared to a group of age- and education-matched migrant workers who had never used computers before. While both users and non-users learned equally quickly how to move a cursor while their hands were hidden from view, computer-experienced individuals more readily generalized what they learned about movement of the cursor in one direction to movements made in other directions. | The overall tracking error was reduced across days ( Figure 3B ). More importantly, participants exhibited significantly larger generalization when they were tested again after 14-day training ( Figure 3A ). Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant main effect on timing [before versus after training, F(1,9) = 13.08, p < 0.01] and significant interaction effect [F(4,36) = 9.48, p < 0.0001]. | [2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 2.6 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/11738/20131223/computers-change-way-brain-generalizes-movements.htm |
10.1126/sciadv.aau1291 | Biology_269 | This tells the neurons to stop firing and effectively ends the seizure--at least in mice. | The FIP probe can detect pathological activity and then intervene to stop seizures by delivering inhibitory neurotransmitters directly to the seizure source. | But for someone suffering from debilitating seizures, it can be an acceptable tradeoff. This tells the neurons to stop firing and effectively ends the seizure--at least in mice. Humans aren't likely to have access to the treatment any time soon. | The therapeutic potential of the FIP probe is tested in a rodent model of epilepsy. The FIP probe can detect pathological activity and then intervene to stop seizures by delivering inhibitory neurotransmitters directly to the seizure source. We anticipate that further tailored engineering of the FIP platform will enable additional applications in neural interfacing and the treatment of neurological disorders. | [4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 5.0] | Biology | train | 3.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34950349292&p=1pl&v=1&x=ffMz4n5n4XLtDMruPZnsFg |
10.1038/nature12167 | Biology_270 | "These receptors are very different--less than 10 percent sequence identity, and yet they have the same 7-transmembrane helical fold," Wang added. | However, an overlay of the SMO receptor structure with previously solved class A GPCR structures shows relatively high spatial conservation of the 7TM bundle (Fig. | The results showed the molecule is nearly identical to the classic GPCR shape, even though it bears almost no similarity in terms of genetic sequence. "These receptors are very different--less than 10 percent sequence identity, and yet they have the same 7-transmembrane helical fold," Wang added. "This is a great example of structural conservation of the 7-transmembrane fold," said Stevens. | Sequence similarity between the SMO receptor and class A GPCRs is very low (less than 10% sequence identity), and SMO and other class F receptors lack most of the conserved class A motifs, including D[E]R 3.50 Y in helix III, CWXP .50 in helix V and NP 7.50 XXY in helix VII (superscript numbers reflect the B&W numbering system for GPCRs 24 , brackets define an alternative residue and X denotes any residue). However, an overlay of the SMO receptor structure with previously solved class A GPCR structures shows relatively high spatial conservation of the 7TM bundle (Fig. 2a, b and Supplementary Fig. | [1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.5 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/38297-scripps-research-institute-scientists-find-dissimilar-proteins-evolved-similar-7-part-shape.html |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.034 | Biology_271 | Tumors in which CDK12 was inactivated were responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors, a type of immunotherapy treatment that has overall had limited success in prostate cancer. | Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) across the MSigDB revealed significantly perturbed curated gene sets ( Figure S4H ). | It was found to be more common in metastatic prostate cancer compared to early stage tumors that had not spread. Tumors in which CDK12 was inactivated were responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors, a type of immunotherapy treatment that has overall had limited success in prostate cancer. "Because prostate cancer is so common, 7 percent is a significant number. | While most CDK12 mutants retained active androgen receptor (AR) signaling ( Figure S4F ) (Beltran et al., 2016) , their expression signature was distinct from the equivalent signatures for the other PGDs ( Figures 2D and S4G ). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) across the MSigDB revealed significantly perturbed curated gene sets ( Figure S4H ). The most prominently altered were those related to oxidative phosphorylation (down), inflammatory response (up), hormone receptor signaling (down), and epithelial dedifferentiation (down). | [1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34322199988&p=1pl&v=1&x=uADO-y4eWDsh9N-tizLZ7Q |
10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.030 | Biology_273 | The team hopes to use this information to develop new melanoma-preventive treatments, like additives that can be included in sunblocks to ramp up the skin's ability to deal with UV damage. | Furthermore, UV damage alone did not promote production of cAMP ( Figure S2E ), suggesting that in the skin UVassociated melanocytic cAMP increases depend on an intact MC1R signaling pathway initiated by MSH. | D'Orazio and his research team found an important molecular link between MC1R signaling and DNA repair in their study. The team hopes to use this information to develop new melanoma-preventive treatments, like additives that can be included in sunblocks to ramp up the skin's ability to deal with UV damage. Having a problem with the MC1R pathway raises a person's lifetime risk of melanoma about four-fold. | However, forskolin enhanced clearance of both [6-4]-PP and CPD in all melanocyte cells tested regardless of MC1R status (Figures 1E and 1F) with no apparent effect on cell proliferation ( Figure S2) indicating photolesion clearance was not influenced by proliferative differences. Furthermore, UV damage alone did not promote production of cAMP ( Figure S2E ), suggesting that in the skin UVassociated melanocytic cAMP increases depend on an intact MC1R signaling pathway initiated by MSH. Interestingly, cAMP-enhanced repair was not limited to melanocytic lines, as a repair benefit was also observed in . | [2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.75 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140715141753.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1038/s41467-017-01957-8 | Biology_275 | Less diversity
In addition, the researchers demonstrated that predator diversity decreases when there is a dynamical trade-off. | This allowed us to describe the coevolutionary process without imposing a predefined number of prey or predator types. | In contrast, if the predator cannot adapt, the prey requires fewer resources for defence and can invest more in producing progeny", explains Becks. Less diversity
In addition, the researchers demonstrated that predator diversity decreases when there is a dynamical trade-off. The ciliates thus develop fewer different types in order to adapt to bacterial associations and biofilms. | Such a dynamical trade-off can potentially be important for the evolutionary and the ecological dynamics of species. This allowed us to describe the coevolutionary process without imposing a predefined number of prey or predator types. Consistent with our experiment, starting from naive populations, the trade-off curve changes from an initial shape of relatively cheap defense to be more costly with coevolution. | [2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.2 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/5JFO6NDeMfE/ |
10.1242/jeb.147082 | Biology_277 | Perhaps rat snakes were "just terrible" at escaping once kingsnakes had them in their grasp, Penning reasoned. | However, blood pressures rise only slightly during constriction in boas, and less than during other behaviors such as hissing and swallowing ). | But, after hours of complex dissection, "Lo and behold, there was no quantifiable difference," Penning said. Perhaps rat snakes were "just terrible" at escaping once kingsnakes had them in their grasp, Penning reasoned. But that experiment also failed to find a difference. | This variation and complexity indicate that we do not yet fully understand the effects of constriction, particularly on ectothermic prey. However, blood pressures rise only slightly during constriction in boas, and less than during other behaviors such as hissing and swallowing ). When kingsnakes and their prey snakes are well matched in size, our results show that the kingsnakes succeed in predation because they have superior constriction performance. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.livescience.com/58285-how-kingsnakes-eat-rat-snakes.html |
10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.007 | Biology_278 | The authors noted that "each of these antibody classes may contribute to vaccine-induced protection, and further studies and in vivo models are required to fully understand the interplay between the antibody targets and the physiological response." | A1431 had very extensive breadth and potency not only towards all historical strains available but also towards prospective GII.4 strains that appeared after the vaccine trial, including GII.4 2012 and 2015, neither of which had circulated in the general population at the time of sample collection ( Figure 2B ). | The authors write that "structural mapping revealed conserved epitopes, which were occluded on the virion or partially exposed, allowing for broad blockade with neutralizing activity." These results demonstrate that infection-derived and vaccine-elicited antibodies can exhibit broad blockade and neutralization against this prevalent human pathogen. The authors noted that "each of these antibody classes may contribute to vaccine-induced protection, and further studies and in vivo models are required to fully understand the interplay between the antibody targets and the physiological response." | Finally, the third class of serum antibodies had a single member, A1431, which had strong blockade activity to all known historical GII.4 strains from 1987 onwards. A1431 had very extensive breadth and potency not only towards all historical strains available but also towards prospective GII.4 strains that appeared after the vaccine trial, including GII.4 2012 and 2015, neither of which had circulated in the general population at the time of sample collection ( Figure 2B ). Furthermore, A1431 potently neutralized GII.P16-GII.4 Sydney virus, a GII.4 strain that emerged 5 years post sample collection, in a human intestinal enteroid culture system ) (IC 50 5.5 ng/mL), supporting the correlation between blockade of ligand-binding potency and antibody-mediated neutralization ( Figures 2C and S1 ) (Alvarado et al., 2018; ) . | [2.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.666667 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39497202582&p=1pl&v=1&x=Ax4CZfiIW69ZKRWE5VBL1A |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_28 | One man tells the AP, while guzzling ramen: "There's no way any study is going to stop me from eating this." | In our study, the association between instant noodles and metabolic syndrome differed significantly between genders, and there was no effect modification of this association by age, BMI, or physical activity. | Some South Koreans are a little steamed--and defensive--about the study's findings. One man tells the AP, while guzzling ramen: "There's no way any study is going to stop me from eating this." Love for the instant noodle spans generations--it reminds the elderly of post-Korean War recovery and for the young and busy, it's quick and cheap. | Even though measurements of the glycemic index of instant noodles varied among studies , the overall glycemic load of instant noodles is high, given their high carbohydrate content ( ( . In our study, the association between instant noodles and metabolic syndrome differed significantly between genders, and there was no effect modification of this association by age, BMI, or physical activity. The positive association between instant noodles and metabolic syndrome seen in younger, more active, and leaner women suggests that the hazards of instant noodles might not be overcome by the beneficial health effects of increased physical activity, weight loss, and young age. | [1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.4 | news | http://www.newser.com/story/192784/new-heart-disease-culprit-ramen.html |
10.1186/gb-2013-14-7-r73 | Biology_281 | The number of vlincRNAs expressed by these domesticated viral sequences correlates with both embryonic development and malignant cancers. | Expression of vlinc_377 was restricted to K562, while ARL15 was constitutively expressed and the direction of vlinc_377 transcription was opposite from ARL15 as shown by the vlincRNA from the ENCODE/CSHL long RNAseq dataset produced with a protocol that reduced spurious second strand formation (Materials and Methods). | "Future research into the role and function of vlincRNAs holds promise for both highly targeted diagnostic tests and more precise cancer treatments. The number of vlincRNAs expressed by these domesticated viral sequences correlates with both embryonic development and malignant cancers. "Based upon this technology, we now have a greater understanding of transcriptome regulation, with potential to lead to therapeutic targets and better disease diagnostics." | However, it does not appear to be connected to ARL15, but rather represent a stand-alone independently regulated unit. Expression of vlinc_377 was restricted to K562, while ARL15 was constitutively expressed and the direction of vlinc_377 transcription was opposite from ARL15 as shown by the vlincRNA from the ENCODE/CSHL long RNAseq dataset produced with a protocol that reduced spurious second strand formation (Materials and Methods). Consistent with this, a K562-specific promoter element could be identified at the boundary of vlincRNA_377, upstream of the constitutive promoter controlling the ARL15 expression. | [2.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130731093915.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1534/genetics.116.197285 | Biology_282 | "Basically, looking at the numbers and assuming a simple gene drive system, it's a foregone conclusion that resistance will evolve," Unckless said. | This is because the overall number of resistance alleles that arise by NHEJ depends only weakly on c (SI section 2.4). | They show nature still has the edge over scientists hoping to solve human problems with GM organisms. "Basically, looking at the numbers and assuming a simple gene drive system, it's a foregone conclusion that resistance will evolve," Unckless said. We argue resistance could be thought of as a good thing -- if we know it's going to evolve, we can plan around it, and understand a gene drive is a temporary solution. | In contrast to de novo mutation, the cleavage rate here has very little impact on P δ (SI Fig. This is because the overall number of resistance alleles that arise by NHEJ depends only weakly on c (SI section 2.4). Lower fitness costs of the driver again decrease P δ by reducing π(t) (Fig. | [1.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/research-shows-nature-can-beat-back-scientific-tinkering-with-genes-of-entire-species/ |
10.1038/s41396-017-0042-4 | Biology_283 | At an altitude this high, particles are likely to travel long distances unlike particles in the lower atmosphere. | Therefore, these relationships between the size fractions of the organic aerosols and the virus and bacteria deposition rates could be also determined by the origin of air masses. | "This preponderance of long-residence viruses traveling the atmosphere likely explains why -- it's quite conceivable to have a virus swept up into the atmosphere on one continent and deposited on another," says virologist Curtis Suttle of the University of British Columbia. At an altitude this high, particles are likely to travel long distances unlike particles in the lower atmosphere. Not Related To Flu Epidemic
It is surprising to know that there are millions of viruses in the air. | Indeed, the effective radius (defined as the area weighted mean radius of the aerosol particles) was larger in days with Saharan dust intrusions than under marine atmospheric conditions. Therefore, these relationships between the size fractions of the organic aerosols and the virus and bacteria deposition rates could be also determined by the origin of air masses. The daily deposition rates of viruses associated with aerosols <0.7 μm in size explains observations that identical viral sequences occur at geographically distant locations and in very different environments , likely as a consequence of long persistence and dispersal in the atmosphere. | [3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33241815989&p=1pl&v=1&x=QWG0hS8aFIKDkjtM81Puow |
10.1186/s40168-015-0071-z | Biology_284 | advertisement
The researchers determined that more infants fed by secretor mothers had high levels of bifidobacteria -- 60 percent of infants versus 37.5 percent at day 6 and 80 percent versus 50 percent at day 120 -- and that infants who had more bifidobacteria had lower amounts of milk sugars left over and higher amounts of lactate in their feces. | Specifically, there was a difference in the correlation of the relative abundance of various bifidobacterial species (from the bifidobacteriaterminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (Bif-TRFLP) data) with absolute (qPCR) and relative (amplicon sequencing) bifidobacterial abundance ( Figure 12 , top and bottom). | The delay, the authors said, may be due to difficulties in the infant acquiring a species of bifidobacteria that is geared toward consuming the specific milk sugar delivered by the mother. advertisement
The researchers determined that more infants fed by secretor mothers had high levels of bifidobacteria -- 60 percent of infants versus 37.5 percent at day 6 and 80 percent versus 50 percent at day 120 -- and that infants who had more bifidobacteria had lower amounts of milk sugars left over and higher amounts of lactate in their feces. "The types and levels of bacteria encountered by infants in developing countries is different from the types and levels of bacteria encountered by the babies in our UC Davis cohort, and that might account for some of the differences," he said. | However, a difference was noted between secretor-fed infants and non-secretor-fed infants in which bifidobacterial species were present in high relative abundances when compared to the microbiota as a whole. Specifically, there was a difference in the correlation of the relative abundance of various bifidobacterial species (from the bifidobacteriaterminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (Bif-TRFLP) data) with absolute (qPCR) and relative (amplicon sequencing) bifidobacterial abundance ( Figure 12 , top and bottom). Both the B. longum group and B. breve are positively correlated with bifidobacterial abundance in secretorfed infants, while only B. breve holds that distinction in non-secretor-fed infants (B. bifidum is shown as correlated, but is only present in one non-secretor-fed sample for which marker gene sequencing data is present, and at a level of only 3% of total bifidobacteria). | [3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.8 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150409143035.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Biology_285 | Oxford says that the study is one of the most definitive to date, using a combination of subjective and objective data to measure teen aggression and violence in games (see also: "No link found between violent video games and behavior," HSNW, 4 January 2019). | We believe the current work is the second study in the area to set the number of observations based on an a priori power analysis , and the first to specify a minimum effect size of theoretical interest. | "Despite interest in the topic by parents and policy-makers, the research has not demonstrated that there is cause for concern." Oxford says that the study is one of the most definitive to date, using a combination of subjective and objective data to measure teen aggression and violence in games (see also: "No link found between violent video games and behavior," HSNW, 4 January 2019). "Our findings suggest that researcher biases might have influenced previous studies on this topic, and have distorted our understanding of the effects of video games," says co-author Dr. Netta Weinstein from Cardiff University. | Additionally, because we prespecified how we would interpret effects larger, smaller or falling in the same range as estimates from meta-analysis , the current work provides information regarding whether these links are robust enough to be considered evidence for an effect by parents, policy-makers and professional organizations. We believe the current work is the second study in the area to set the number of observations based on an a priori power analysis , and the first to specify a minimum effect size of theoretical interest. Indeed, statistical significance does not necessitate a subjective state that humans can distinguish on a personal level . | [1.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.666667 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38630667262&p=1pl&v=1&x=eg7bkQTzSVqLm5ru549FjQ |
10.1534/genetics.116.197285 | Biology_286 | The researchers conclude that, like other attempts to manipulate populations, gene drive is likely to lead to resistance alleles. | could facilitate the engineering of a successful drive by lowering resistance potential, as well as strategies that could promote resistance as a possible mechanism for controlling a drive. | "If you don't, NHEJ is going to screw things up because it creates resistance alleles," Unckless said. The researchers conclude that, like other attempts to manipulate populations, gene drive is likely to lead to resistance alleles. However, with this known, scientists can prepare appropriately for a dynamic gene drive system with new constructs responding to the appearance of resistance alleles. | Finally, even when assuming a comparatively small population, say N e could facilitate the engineering of a successful drive by lowering resistance potential, as well as strategies that could promote resistance as a possible mechanism for controlling a drive. This study highlights the need for careful modeling of CGD prior to the actual release of a driver construct into the wild. | [5.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/research-shows-nature-can-beat-back-scientific-tinkering-with-genes-of-entire-species/ |
10.1186/s40168-015-0071-z | Biology_287 | "This work significantly advances our efforts to decipher how human milk amazingly orchestrates colonization of the infant gut by helpful bacteria, which then protects and guides intestinal development in the early stages of life. | When grouped by the mothers' secretor status, differences were seen in the aggregated infants' gut microbiota ( Figure 2 ). | The researchers said that understanding the mechanism behind the observed secretor/non-secretor differences may prove critical to compensating for it in situations where the infants are vulnerable, such as by providing carefully chosen pre- or probiotics. "This work significantly advances our efforts to decipher how human milk amazingly orchestrates colonization of the infant gut by helpful bacteria, which then protects and guides intestinal development in the early stages of life. Understanding this incredible sequence of events will provide examples for how to repair this process where it has been disrupted, such as in premature infants or colicky babies," Mills said. | Differences were seen between the five C-section-born infants and the 39 vaginally born infants, with C-section infants having much lower levels of bifidobacteria and Bacteroides, although the number of C-section infants was too low to draw any robust conclusions (Additional file 3: Figure S1 ). When grouped by the mothers' secretor status, differences were seen in the aggregated infants' gut microbiota ( Figure 2 ). Specifically, secretor-fed infants generally had higher relative amounts of Bifidobacterium (p < 0.05) and Bacteroides and lower levels of enterobacteria, clostridia, and streptococci (p < 0.05). | [3.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3.333333 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150409143035.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1186/s40168-015-0071-z | Biology_288 | advertisement
The researchers determined that more infants fed by secretor mothers had high levels of bifidobacteria -- 60 percent of infants versus 37.5 percent at day 6 and 80 percent versus 50 percent at day 120 -- and that infants who had more bifidobacteria had lower amounts of milk sugars left over and higher amounts of lactate in their feces. | Eight species of bifidobacteria were detected. | The delay, the authors said, may be due to difficulties in the infant acquiring a species of bifidobacteria that is geared toward consuming the specific milk sugar delivered by the mother. advertisement
The researchers determined that more infants fed by secretor mothers had high levels of bifidobacteria -- 60 percent of infants versus 37.5 percent at day 6 and 80 percent versus 50 percent at day 120 -- and that infants who had more bifidobacteria had lower amounts of milk sugars left over and higher amounts of lactate in their feces. "The types and levels of bacteria encountered by infants in developing countries is different from the types and levels of bacteria encountered by the babies in our UC Davis cohort, and that might account for some of the differences," he said. | Notably, a higher abundance of non-secretor-fed infants fell into the OT area of the plot (Additional file 6: Figure S3 ). Eight species of bifidobacteria were detected. The B. longum group and B. breve were the most commonly detected. | [3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150409143035.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1111/1365-2656.12871 | Biology_29 | Rabbits that survive infection with MYXV virus have lower rates of survival than rabbits not yet infected," says Dr. Wells. | We did not identify any clear seasonal differences in the relative survival rates of RHDV-susceptible versus immune adults (Supporting Information Figure S2 ) despite a variable | "By explicitly modelling the complex way that diseases behave in rabbit populations we found an unexpected result. Rabbits that survive infection with MYXV virus have lower rates of survival than rabbits not yet infected," says Dr. Wells. "This is important because it confirms that MYXV virus weakens animals so that they have a lower resistance when subsequently exposed to RHDV disease. | There was no evidence for any long-term temporal trend in changes in the survival rates of RHDV-susceptible versus immune adults (Supporting Information Figure S2 ). We did not identify any clear seasonal differences in the relative survival rates of RHDV-susceptible versus immune adults (Supporting Information Figure S2 ) despite a variable In contrast, survival rates of rabbits susceptible to MYXV (and immune to RHDV) were slightly higher than those of immune adults at the population-level (all odds ratios for seasonal hyperprior-level estimates 1.18-1.22, CIs ranging between 1.04 and 1.35) (Figure 2 ). | [1.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34506942217&p=1pl&v=1&x=OCP5j07SbNKK_Tx7JPH1Dw |
10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.030 | Biology_290 | This leads to more UV light chronically getting through to the sensitive layers of the epidermis, where it can contribute to cancer. | Ser435 phosphorylation by PKA promotes ATR's physical association with XPA and directs XPA to sites of UV damage in the nucleus to accelerate repair of photodamage and protect against UVinduced mutagenesis. | Since UV from sunlight or tanning beds is a major cause of melanoma, inherited problems in the MC1R means that the skin lacks natural protection by melanin, which acts as a biologic sunblock. This leads to more UV light chronically getting through to the sensitive layers of the epidermis, where it can contribute to cancer. Besides regulating the amount of melanin that gets made in the skin, MC1R also controls how well melanocytes can repair their DNA from UV damage. | This is the first report of a post-translational modification of ATR promoting a DNArepair specific function and the first to mechanistically link PKA to MC1R signaling and the genomic maintenance pathway responsible for clearance of UV-induced photolesions known to be causal for melanoma. Ser435 phosphorylation by PKA promotes ATR's physical association with XPA and directs XPA to sites of UV damage in the nucleus to accelerate repair of photodamage and protect against UVinduced mutagenesis. Although studies in other systems demonstrate UV-dependent ATR-XPA interactions ( , our data mechanistically link ATR and | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140715141753.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1038/s41467-018-04906-1 | Biology_291 | When incorporated into a fingerprint sensor array, the result is a high-resolution device capable of accurately and reliably detecting the ridge and valley regions of a fingerprint during a touch condition. | Based on the AgNF-AgNW hybrid electrode's superb optoelectronic property and its patternability, a transparent and flexible fingerprint sensor array was demonstrated. | This network shows high optical transmission, low electrical resistance and is extremely resistant to mechanical bending. When incorporated into a fingerprint sensor array, the result is a high-resolution device capable of accurately and reliably detecting the ridge and valley regions of a fingerprint during a touch condition. The authors demonstrate the applicability of their new technology for mobile devices by integrating the fingerprint sensor arrays, pressure-sensitive transistors, and temperature sensors into smartphone displays. | 10 shows that R s remained almost constant throughout this cyclic test, indicating its excellent reliability against such deformation. Based on the AgNF-AgNW hybrid electrode's superb optoelectronic property and its patternability, a transparent and flexible fingerprint sensor array was demonstrated. , which translates to 318 CPI and therefore satisfies FBI criteria. | [3.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34462398193&p=1pl&v=1&x=A28oMFBmBg6QkN0nivavQw |
10.1093/molbev/msu227 | Biology_292 | The authors argue that the evolutionary forces at work behind the diversity of chlamydiae are the result of a unique confluence of birth and death gene evolutionary cycles. | These represent the four largest gene families (containing between 27 and 138 members) found within the phylum and include two gene families specific to Neochlamydia and two restricted to Protochlamydia. | By combining their molecular analysis with cell-based assays, the authors demonstrated that these are thought to be secreted proteins that interfere with their hosts' defenses. The authors argue that the evolutionary forces at work behind the diversity of chlamydiae are the result of a unique confluence of birth and death gene evolutionary cycles. "One of the most surprising findings is that a similar mode of evolution has so far only been observed in fungi, plants, and animals." | Notably, different gene families are expanded in Neochlamydia and Protochlamydia ( fig. These represent the four largest gene families (containing between 27 and 138 members) found within the phylum and include two gene families specific to Neochlamydia and two restricted to Protochlamydia. The genomes of the Chlamydiaceae have relatively small gene family sizes. | [2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141014085130.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1111/gcb.13526 | Biology_293 | "The model shows that by investing less in leaves, the plant can produce more seeds," Srinivasan said. | The predicted gains in yield were primarily due to decreased investment in leaves allowing predicted increase in seed production. | If we can increase the yield of soybeans, we can solve the problems of protein demand and food production at the same time." "The model shows that by investing less in leaves, the plant can produce more seeds," Srinivasan said. The model predicted that a 30-40% decrease in leaf area would increase yields by 8-10%. | The model therefore predicts that the additional two units of LAI above the model predicted optimum would not significantly contribute to net carbon gain, as photosynthesis roughly compensated for respiratory costs (Fig. The predicted gains in yield were primarily due to decreased investment in leaves allowing predicted increase in seed production. However, as LAI is lowered below the optimum value, predicted losses in NPP become significant to the detriment of seed production. | [5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 4.0, 5.0] | Biology | train | 4.8 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/soybean-plants-with-fewer-leaves-yield-more/ |
10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.006 | Biology_294 | "We show that the p16 mutation most frequently associated with such cancers," Lu explains, "confers the RaDAR barcode to the protein, resulting in its aberrant accumulation in the nucleus." | However, p16(M53I) interacted with CDK4 and CDK6 as effectively as wild-type (WT) p16 in vitro and in cell lysates ( Figures 4A and 4B ). | This structural signature, they find, is bound by a small protein named RanGDP. In decoding this new nuclear import signal, Lu and her team also uncover a possible molecular mechanism underlying human familial melanomas, which are often linked to mutations in a protein known as p16. "We show that the p16 mutation most frequently associated with such cancers," Lu explains, "confers the RaDAR barcode to the protein, resulting in its aberrant accumulation in the nucleus." | As expected, p16(R87P) exhibited a decrease in binding to CDK4 and CDK6. However, p16(M53I) interacted with CDK4 and CDK6 as effectively as wild-type (WT) p16 in vitro and in cell lysates ( Figures 4A and 4B ). p16 inhibits cell-cycle entry by preventing cyclin D/CDK4 (or CDK6) from phosphorylating RB. | [4.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140522123451.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1098/rspb.2018.0761 | Biology_295 | "Our research suggests there are hidden costs to insecticide use that may only be observed if you consider the totality of an organism's life history. | Thus, the deleterious effects observed in our treated queens were likely due to the insecticide itself, rather than being a consequence of reduced feeding in avoidance of imidacloprid. | Woodard said the data support the idea that use of neonicotinoid insecticides in the U.S. should be reconsidered. "Our research suggests there are hidden costs to insecticide use that may only be observed if you consider the totality of an organism's life history. This is intricately linked to human well-being because bee heath is extremely important for food production, biodiversity, and the environment," she said. | Queens did not consume less imidacloprid-treated nectar in our feeding experiment at 5 ppb, a finding that is consistent with previous bumblebee studies that have also found equal or even greater consumption of neonicotinoid-treated versus untreated nectar (but see ). Thus, the deleterious effects observed in our treated queens were likely due to the insecticide itself, rather than being a consequence of reduced feeding in avoidance of imidacloprid. These previous findings, and our similar finding here, may have been caused in part by the negative effect of the insecticide on motor activity, which may reduce egg laying, brood feeding and other activities. | [3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.75 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/Ea2TPwN3kfM/ |
10.1038/s41467-018-06108-1 | Biology_296 | The multiple gene copies enable the plant to assume advantageous mutations while keeping an original copy of important genes. | Drastic improvements in the genome assembly of polyploid crop species with large genomes 50-52 will facilitate genome-wide polymorphism analyses and scans for selection. | "With these results, we have demonstrated on a molecular-genetic level that genome duplications can positively affect the adaptability of organisms," says plant scientist Timothy Paape. The multiple gene copies enable the plant to assume advantageous mutations while keeping an original copy of important genes. Astonishing wide spread
The usefulness of the double genome for A. kamchatica can be seen in its wider distribution -- at both low and high altitude -- compared with its parental plants. | This is consistent with the prevalence of purifying selection shown by DoS and by DFE methods. Drastic improvements in the genome assembly of polyploid crop species with large genomes 50-52 will facilitate genome-wide polymorphism analyses and scans for selection. By quantifying selection using polyploid species with different population sizes, times since polyploidization, and mating systems, general patterns of selection in polyploid genomes will emerge. | [2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37204299584&p=1pl&v=1&x=jPnch-e_YD0TBwdpam4EyA |
10.1534/genetics.116.197285 | Biology_299 | So natural selection favors individuals lacking modified genes and purges a given genetic alteration within a population within a few generations. | Briefly, in scenarios with high cleavage rate and small fitness costs, the driver will usually fix even when introduced at low 2 . | / no comments
LAWRENCE -- Rest easy, folks. So natural selection favors individuals lacking modified genes and purges a given genetic alteration within a population within a few generations. "By doing that they spread through a population much more quickly." | Possible outcomes can include the fixation of the driver, loss of the driver, and both stable or unstable equilibria, depending on the cleavage rate, c, the fitness costs of the driver allele, s dd and s d0 , and the initial frequency x d (t = 0) at which the driver is introduced into the population. Briefly, in scenarios with high cleavage rate and small fitness costs, the driver will usually fix even when introduced at low 2 . 11, 2016; frequency, whereas for low c and high fitness costs the driver may not be able to invade at all. | [1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.5 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/research-shows-nature-can-beat-back-scientific-tinkering-with-genes-of-entire-species/ |
10.1111/1365-2656.12871 | Biology_3 | Survival rates were lowest for rabbits which survived MYXV infection and then were exposed to RHDV disease," says Dr Fordham from the University's Environment Institute. | with Φ S being the average survival rate of the pool of all susceptible rabbits and the survival rate for immune rabbits set to Φ I = 1. | "The effect of RHDV disease virus on rabbits is enhanced by previous infection with MYXV virus. Survival rates were lowest for rabbits which survived MYXV infection and then were exposed to RHDV disease," says Dr Fordham from the University's Environment Institute. "The findings suggest a continuous benefit from both viruses and maximum impact on rabbit numbers if they act together." | However, assuming that susceptible rabbits that do not become infected have the same survival rate as immune individuals (i.e., no prolonged disease effect) and if FoI is the proportion of individuals to become infected, infection-induced mortality rate can be approximated as follows: with Φ S being the average survival rate of the pool of all susceptible rabbits and the survival rate for immune rabbits set to Φ I = 1. Note that this approach only gives reliable output if Φ S > FoI, because only then would the proportion of susceptible rabbits not to become infected have equal survival probabilities as immune rabbits. | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.8 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34506942217&p=1pl&v=1&x=OCP5j07SbNKK_Tx7JPH1Dw |
10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.028 | Biology_30 | "It was interesting that Tac2 is highly expressed in one particular part of the amygdala, but with low or no expression in other brain areas related to the formation of fear memories. | However, this does not preclude the hypothesis that different fear paradigms might reveal a role of Tac2 in the amygdala in contextual fear conditioning. | "The Tac2 gene is robustly activated after fear learning and belongs to a pathway that can be specifically blocked with a drug," Ressler says. "It was interesting that Tac2 is highly expressed in one particular part of the amygdala, but with low or no expression in other brain areas related to the formation of fear memories. Also, we found that the cells that express Tac2 are distinct from those other investigators had previously identified as being involved in fear expression." | Interestingly, in our fear paradigm, the Tac2 gene within the amygdala is involved in auditory (CS+US paired) but not stress or contextual memories (US only). However, this does not preclude the hypothesis that different fear paradigms might reveal a role of Tac2 in the amygdala in contextual fear conditioning. Thus, we believe that enhanced Tac2 gene expression in our fear models enhanced NkB production in the amygdala, binding to Nk3R and promoting fear memory consolidation. | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140630124423.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_300 | These changes could lead to increased mortality among South Koreans due to cardiovascular disease, along with increased health care costs. | Dietary pattern and cardiometabolic risk factors 1249 adjustment by instant noodle intake attenuated the overall association between MP and abdominal obesity; however, the association between MP and abdominal obesity in men and the overall associations among MP and LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia persisted. | This association was found to be particularly strong for women. These changes could lead to increased mortality among South Koreans due to cardiovascular disease, along with increased health care costs. Dr. Shin discovered that consuming instant noodles two or more times a week was associated with cardiometabolic syndrome. | Interestingly, there was a lower prevalence of low HDL cholesterol (OR: 0.; 9% CI: 0., 0.80) and TGs $10 mg/dL (1. g/L) (OR: 0.; 9% CI: 0., 0.9) in the highest MP quintile. Dietary pattern and cardiometabolic risk factors 1249 adjustment by instant noodle intake attenuated the overall association between MP and abdominal obesity; however, the association between MP and abdominal obesity in men and the overall associations among MP and LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia persisted. The highest TP quintile was associated with a lower prevalence of elevated blood pressure (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.90) and marginally lower trends for abdominal obesity (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.98; P-trend = 0.06) compared with the lowest quintile ( Table 4 ). | [2.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.666667 | news | http://www.emaxhealth.com/11402/eating-too-many-instant-noodles-could-cause-metabolic-syndrome |
10.1038/s41467-019-09863-x | Biology_301 | Led by climate scientist Dmitry Yumashev of Lancaster University, the paper found that factoring in two Arctic feedback loops, regarded as key tipping points in the future of the Arctic climate, cloud inflate global temperatures and their costs by as much as 5 percent. | The economic losses due to climate warming also tend to be higher in warmer poorer regions such as India and Africa 20 , which are also less likely to benefit from the economic opportunities associated with a warmer Arctic 56 . | If we take no further action to curb greenhouse gases, that extra cost will climb to $67 trillion by 2300, the authors said. Led by climate scientist Dmitry Yumashev of Lancaster University, the paper found that factoring in two Arctic feedback loops, regarded as key tipping points in the future of the Arctic climate, cloud inflate global temperatures and their costs by as much as 5 percent. In the scenarios modeled by Yumashev's team, the total global cost of climate change ranges from $600 to $2,100 trillion by 2300. | To put this number into context, it exceeds the estimated long-term gains from economic development in the Arctic region through transit shipping routes 52 and mineral resource extraction 53 under high emissions scenarios by around 10 times, and could also dwarf pan-Arctic damages to infrastructure from thawing permafrost 55 . The economic losses due to climate warming also tend to be higher in warmer poorer regions such as India and Africa 20 , which are also less likely to benefit from the economic opportunities associated with a warmer Arctic 56 . Robustness of the estimates for the PCF and SAF effects. | [2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39063152220&p=1pl&v=1&x=rfZKa3AOnuRs3Dq6otYxhw |
10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.013 | Biology_302 | Drugs that target BBK32 might help to prevent the spread of B. burgdorferi to joints, the heart and the nervous system, although future research is needed to test this, the researchers said. | B. burgdorferi extravasate extremely rapidly from PCVs (<150 ms to penetrate endothelial lining) in a process that does not require bacterial stationary adhesion and is initiated by two mechanistically distinct interaction types, tethering and dragging, which move faster and slower than 100 μm/s, respectively, along PCV surfaces . | The researchers also found that a bacterial protein called BBK32 helps to stabilize and strengthen the bonds between the bacteria and the blood vessel wall. Drugs that target BBK32 might help to prevent the spread of B. burgdorferi to joints, the heart and the nervous system, although future research is needed to test this, the researchers said. In addition, because B. burgdorferi's method of movement resembles that of leukocytes, existing drugs could be repurposed for Lyme disease, the researchers said. | Tethers and catch bonds can independently stabilize leukocyte rolling under lower shear stress conditions but act together to strengthen interactions at higher shear stresses. B. burgdorferi extravasate extremely rapidly from PCVs (<150 ms to penetrate endothelial lining) in a process that does not require bacterial stationary adhesion and is initiated by two mechanistically distinct interaction types, tethering and dragging, which move faster and slower than 100 μm/s, respectively, along PCV surfaces . Genetic bbk32 disruption does not eliminate B. burgdorferi tethering and dragging, implying that it is not the only adhesin that can mediate these interactions . | [2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.75 | news | http://www.livescience.com/55895-lyme-disease-bacteria-spread.html |
10.1038/ncomms4632 | Biology_303 | Fan and her team are the first to achieve the extremely difficult goal of designing a nanomotor with large driving power. | Here, the assembling and actuation of nanomotors in a biosetting should be also feasible, as the same ARTICLE electric tweezers technique is used. | The team's three-part nanomotor can rapidly mix and pump biochemicals and move through liquids, which is important for future applications. Fan and her team are the first to achieve the extremely difficult goal of designing a nanomotor with large driving power. With all its dimensions under 1 micrometer in size, the nanomotor could fit inside a human cell and is capable of rotating for 15 continuous hours at a speed of 18,000 RPMs, the speed of a motor in a jet airplane engine. | It will also be interesting to exam the release characteristics from multiple nanomotors. Here, the assembling and actuation of nanomotors in a biosetting should be also feasible, as the same ARTICLE electric tweezers technique is used. We envision the nanomotors as a unique tool for tunable release of biochemicals to a single live cell, which is important for understanding the fundamental signal transduction on single-cell levels 5 . | [3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140520123441.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1098/rstb.2008.0288 | Biology_304 | It shows you can produce profound changes in the brain with training. | The improvement of performance on tests such as the Rey Figure by the retired taxi drivers is also interesting in that it may indicate that the 'elderly' hippocampus can support memory improvement, in contrast with the more traditional view of age-related memory decline. | "But it turns out it really was the training process that caused the growth in the brain. It shows you can produce profound changes in the brain with training. That's a big deal." | during acquisition and use of expertise, and then again when use of the skill ceases, serves to highlight that expertise and its behavioural consequences may be plastic and, in the case of the hippocampus at least, so are the related structural brain changes. The improvement of performance on tests such as the Rey Figure by the retired taxi drivers is also interesting in that it may indicate that the 'elderly' hippocampus can support memory improvement, in contrast with the more traditional view of age-related memory decline. First, this issue has universal relevance by informing what each of us can hope to achieve, and providing much-needed insights into the basis of individual differences, as well as having relevance in the realm of education. | [4.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0] | Biology | train | 4 | news | http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=london-taxi-memory |
10.1038/s41589-018-0155-8 | Biology_306 | "The enhanced killer-T-cell activity we saw following ABHD12 deletion in the LCMV-infected mice suggests that blocking ABHD12 may enhance T-cell responses in immune suppressive environments such as chronic viral infections and cancers," Teijaro says. | We also found that DO264 inhibits ABHD12 activity ( Supplementary Fig. | At the same time, treatments that target ABHD12, reducing its activity and stimulating the immune system, might have even broader use. "The enhanced killer-T-cell activity we saw following ABHD12 deletion in the LCMV-infected mice suggests that blocking ABHD12 may enhance T-cell responses in immune suppressive environments such as chronic viral infections and cancers," Teijaro says. "We're certainly eager to explore those possibilities," Cravatt says. | ), which adopt a more macrophage-like cell state compared to undifferentiated THP-1 cells. We also found that DO264 inhibits ABHD12 activity ( Supplementary Fig. 16 ) and alters lyso-PS and PS content in primary human macrophages, which showed elevations in both lyso-PS and 20:4 PS following 4 or 24 h treatment with DO264 (1 µ M), but not (S)-DO271 (1 µ M) ( Fig. | [3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37814264274&p=1pl&v=1&x=fV_-TrzPs9X1ZtNnkmq4RQ |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.034 | Biology_312 | This could be a harbinger in early cancer," Chinnaiyan says. | CDK12 mutant cases also lack mutational signatures of HRD ( Figure 3C ) and maintain the expression levels of BRCA1 and BRCA2 ( Figure S4J ). | "It suggests that those early stage patients who have CDK12 loss are the ones who will develop metastatic disease. This could be a harbinger in early cancer," Chinnaiyan says. This boosts immune-fighting T-cells, which may explain why these patients benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. | However, our data, and the observations made previously in CDK12 mutant ovarian tumors , are inconsistent with that model. CDK12 mutant cases also lack mutational signatures of HRD ( Figure 3C ) and maintain the expression levels of BRCA1 and BRCA2 ( Figure S4J ). Overall, the genomic phenotypes of HR and CDK12 deficiency are clearly distinct. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34304617241&p=1pl&v=1&x=JkbWFHiGsGoeqOJxN0A0-A |
10.1073/pnas.1404354111 | Biology_313 | We were able to show that progenitor cells in our model and in patients with essential thrombocythemia, had a signature of excessive thrombopoietin stimulation. | Thus, TPO signaling in megakaryocytes is dispensable for platelet production; its key role in control of platelet number is via generation and stimulation of the bipotential megakaryocyte precursors. | The findings may have implications for human disease, Dr Ng said. We were able to show that progenitor cells in our model and in patients with essential thrombocythemia, had a signature of excessive thrombopoietin stimulation. "We think this study now provides a comprehensive model of how thrombopoietin controls platelet production, and perhaps gives some insight into the biology and mechanism behind specific myeloproliferative disorders," Dr Ng said. | Mpl PF4cre/PF4cre mice displayed profound megakaryocytosis and thrombocytosis with a remarkable expansion of megakaryocyte-committed and multipotential progenitor cells, the latter displaying biological responses and a gene expression signature indicative of chronic TPO overstimulation as the underlying causative mechanism, despite a normal circulating TPO level. Thus, TPO signaling in megakaryocytes is dispensable for platelet production; its key role in control of platelet number is via generation and stimulation of the bipotential megakaryocyte precursors. Nevertheless, Mpl expression on megakaryocytes and platelets is essential to prevent megakaryocytosis and myeloproliferation by restricting the amount of TPO available to stimulate the production of megakaryocytes from the progenitor cell pool. | [2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.8 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/49516-solution-to-platelet-%E2%80%98puzzle%E2%80%99-uncovers-blood-disorder-link.html |
10.1038/nature12167 | Biology_314 | The results showed the molecule is nearly identical to the classic GPCR shape, even though it bears almost no similarity in terms of genetic sequence. | Sequence similarity between the SMO receptor and class A GPCRs is very low (less than 10% sequence identity), and SMO and other class F receptors lack most of the conserved class A motifs, including , brackets define an alternative residue and X denotes any residue). | Different Genes, Same Structure
In the study, the TSRI team solved the high-resolution structure of SMO, which is the first non-class A GPCR structure published to date (class A GPCRs are also known as rhodopsin-like GPCRs). The results showed the molecule is nearly identical to the classic GPCR shape, even though it bears almost no similarity in terms of genetic sequence. "These receptors are very different--less than 10 percent sequence identity, and yet they have the same 7-transmembrane helical fold," Wang added. | Because the difference between the two protomers is small ( Supplementary Fig. Sequence similarity between the SMO receptor and class A GPCRs is very low (less than 10% sequence identity), and SMO and other class F receptors lack most of the conserved class A motifs, including , brackets define an alternative residue and X denotes any residue). However, an overlay of the SMO receptor structure with previously solved class A | [3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 2.75 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/38297-scripps-research-institute-scientists-find-dissimilar-proteins-evolved-similar-7-part-shape.html |
10.1186/s40168-015-0071-z | Biology_315 | The delay, the authors said, may be due to difficulties in the infant acquiring a species of bifidobacteria that is geared toward consuming the specific milk sugar delivered by the mother. | As shown in Figure 1 , there is a general trend towards increasing amounts of Bacteroidales and Bifidobacteriales and decreasing amounts of Lactobacillales (mostly Streptococcus) and Enterobacteriales over time. | The authors found that the intestinal tracts of infants fed by non-secretor mothers are delayed in establishing a bifidobacteria-dominated microbiota. The delay, the authors said, may be due to difficulties in the infant acquiring a species of bifidobacteria that is geared toward consuming the specific milk sugar delivered by the mother. advertisement
The researchers determined that more infants fed by secretor mothers had high levels of bifidobacteria -- 60 percent of infants versus 37.5 percent at day 6 and 80 percent versus 50 percent at day 120 -- and that infants who had more bifidobacteria had lower amounts of milk sugars left over and higher amounts of lactate in their feces. | In general, the most common bacterial groups found in all the infants were Bifidobacteriales, Lactobacillales (mostly Streptococcus), Bacteroides, Enterobacteriaceae, and Clostridiaceae. As shown in Figure 1 , there is a general trend towards increasing amounts of Bacteroidales and Bifidobacteriales and decreasing amounts of Lactobacillales (mostly Streptococcus) and Enterobacteriales over time. Differences were seen between the five C-section-born infants and the 39 vaginally born infants, with C-section infants having much lower levels of bifidobacteria and Bacteroides, although the number of C-section infants was too low to draw any robust conclusions (Additional file 3: Figure S1 ). | [3.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.25 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150409143035.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1038/srep01456 | Biology_317 | Insecticide Armor
Further investigation revealed that all of these "overexpressed" genes were active in the tough outer shell of resistant bedbugs, and either helped neutralize pyrethroid insecticides before they could take effect or prevented them from entering the insects' bodies in the first place. | Bed bugs injected with dsRNA of malE or target genes suffered ,10% mortality within 6 days after injection. | The team identified 14 genes that coded for proteins that were expressed at higher levels in the resistant insects, compared with the nonresistant Los Angeles population. Insecticide Armor
Further investigation revealed that all of these "overexpressed" genes were active in the tough outer shell of resistant bedbugs, and either helped neutralize pyrethroid insecticides before they could take effect or prevented them from entering the insects' bodies in the first place. The study also revealed that despite sometimes being separated by hundreds of miles, resistant bedbug colonies utilized many of the same genes to protect themselves against pyrethroid insecticides. | Moreover, among 21 field bed bug populations tested, 100% of populations were associated with at least two molecular mechanisms (not including LA-1 the reference population), implying the prevalent involvement of multiple mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in the field bed bug populations. Bed bugs injected with dsRNA of malE or target genes suffered ,10% mortality within 6 days after injection. The target genes tested were successfully suppressed by RNAi (Fig. | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.333333 | news | http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/13/130314-bedbug-insecticide-resistance-pest-science/ |
10.1111/gcb.13276 | Biology_318 | With good tools, we can make more informed decisions and better manage coral reefs." | These standardizations are particularly important as the third pantropical bleaching event, which is expected to affect 38% of all reefs and kill >12 000 km of coral (www.globalcoralbleaching.org), is currently unfolding. | There is value in knowing which species are more resistant and why. With good tools, we can make more informed decisions and better manage coral reefs." "Using very large data sets, we have teased out valuable information that will help researchers identify global trends and learn about individual corals," says coauthor Vadim Backman, professor of biomedical engineering. | Furthermore, the effect of the uncertainty of bleaching measurement on differential bleaching of corals identified in this study (~29%) suggests that standardization of protocols and reporting would help increase the precision of susceptibility estimates and allow a global repository of standardized bleaching surveys. These standardizations are particularly important as the third pantropical bleaching event, which is expected to affect 38% of all reefs and kill >12 000 km of coral (www.globalcoralbleaching.org), is currently unfolding. Estimates of bleaching susceptibility are fundamental to assessing the resilience potential of reef sites, which can then be used to inform management decisions . | [1.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.75 | news | http://www.futurity.org/coral-reefs-climate-change-1138362/ |
10.1038/nature12167 | Biology_319 | The results showed the molecule is nearly identical to the classic GPCR shape, even though it bears almost no similarity in terms of genetic sequence. | The 7TM domains of SMO and FZD receptors are reminiscent of class A GPCRs 12 although their sequences are distinct from other GPCRs, sharing less than 10% sequence identity. | Different Genes, Same Structure
In the study, the TSRI team solved the high-resolution structure of SMO, which is the first non-class A GPCR structure published to date (class A GPCRs are also known as rhodopsin-like GPCRs). The results showed the molecule is nearly identical to the classic GPCR shape, even though it bears almost no similarity in terms of genetic sequence. "These receptors are very different--less than 10 percent sequence identity, and yet they have the same 7-transmembrane helical fold," Wang added. | In cilia, the activated SMO receptor induces the modification of GLI transcription factors into the active form, thereby inhibiting the processing of GLI transcription factors into a repressor form. The 7TM domains of SMO and FZD receptors are reminiscent of class A GPCRs 12 although their sequences are distinct from other GPCRs, sharing less than 10% sequence identity. Moreover, the SMO receptor can couple to G proteins, particularly G i , which inhibits cAMP production, controlling cell migration . | [4.0, 2.0, 5.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 4 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/38297-scripps-research-institute-scientists-find-dissimilar-proteins-evolved-similar-7-part-shape.html |
10.1038/s41467-018-05870-6 | Biology_32 | "This allows us to explore the potential of finding a novel therapeutic approach that alters energy balance in obesity and modulates the associated diseases." | This study demonstrates that hepatic Ago2-mediated RNA silencing regulates energy expenditure during the course of obesity and its inactivation protects from obesity-associated glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in mice. | "Although this is still basic science, we propose that there may be important translational implications for our findings for chronic metabolic disorders like diabetes, fatty liver diseases, and other obesity associated illnesses," said Nakamura, senior investigator and a member of the Division of Endocrinology. "This allows us to explore the potential of finding a novel therapeutic approach that alters energy balance in obesity and modulates the associated diseases." Novel Science
The scientists caution the research is early stage. | Upon loading of Ago proteins with mature miRNAs produced by the endoribonuclease Dicer 18 , RISC represses the expression of targeted mRNA through RNA silencing . This study demonstrates that hepatic Ago2-mediated RNA silencing regulates energy expenditure during the course of obesity and its inactivation protects from obesity-associated glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in mice. Importantly, we discover novel roles of Ago2 in orchestrating the expression of a subset of miRNAs, including miR-802, miR-103/107, and miR148a, and in the regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation linked to protein biosynthesis-mediated energy consumption. | [1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.333333 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37061323146&p=1pl&v=1&x=l5-40ws2AOkos3TN_hE55A |
10.2337/db13-1600 | Biology_320 | This is the first time a brain component has been shown to be involved with these different types of hypoglycemia. | 5) . | "But it's absolutely essential in slow onset hypoglycemia." This is the first time a brain component has been shown to be involved with these different types of hypoglycemia. "This research could have far-reaching consequences for the way treatments are developed, particularly for treatment-induced hypoglycemia," Donovan said. | In both groups, arterial glucose was rapidly lowered from a mean value of 5.66 6 0.2 mmol/L to 2.44 6 0.08 mmol/L within 20 min (Fig. 5) . By design, these arterial glucose values were matched; thus there were no significant differences between control and CSMG animals at any sampling point. | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.25 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/metabolic-problems/diabetes/49962-diabetes-detectives.html |
10.1186/s13059-018-1434-0 | Biology_321 | "This is the first large scale study with a solid method to detect a substantial impact of negative selection in shaping cancer genomes. | We observed that genes displaying a low SSB-d N /d S ratio (from now on d N /d S , unless otherwise specified) were depleted in high functional impact mutations compared to those of neutral and positively selected genes (see Fig. | "We found that negative selection plays an important role in cancer evolution, which is quite controversial because it has been historically neglected in most studies and, ultimately, challenges the current paradigm of an exclusive role of positive selection in cancer," explains Dr. Schaefer. "This is the first large scale study with a solid method to detect a substantial impact of negative selection in shaping cancer genomes. We demonstrate that negative selection is underestimated and acts stronger on certain regions, which are related to essential cellular functions and to immune response," adds Schaefer. | In other words, we expect that mutations strongly altering protein function in a gene under negative selection would be removed from the host genetic pool because they will hinder tumor proliferation and thus these genes will only tolerate low or no functional impact mutations. We observed that genes displaying a low SSB-d N /d S ratio (from now on d N /d S , unless otherwise specified) were depleted in high functional impact mutations compared to those of neutral and positively selected genes (see Fig. Moreover, we found that a higher d N /d S threshold increased the mean functional impact score irrespective of the method used to calculate d N /d S (Fig. | [2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34527375501&p=1pl&v=1&x=1CtmjzSbC1y6cGD8LDIXPA |
10.1073/pnas.1601081113 | Biology_323 | Rather than continuous forest, the results suggest that for roughly two million years before humans arrived, the center of the island was a patchwork of grasslands interspersed with woodlands and shrubs. | Along the western half of the island, below 800 m elevation and to the west of the Central Highlands, the montane forests shift to dry deciduous forest dominated by drought-adapted trees and shrubs. | "Their genomes are like historical tape recorders of environmental change," Yoder said. Rather than continuous forest, the results suggest that for roughly two million years before humans arrived, the center of the island was a patchwork of grasslands interspersed with woodlands and shrubs. "Madagascar wasn't completely covered by forests when humans arrived," Yoder said. | At elevations above 800 m, and extending well into the island's interior, the humid forest transitions to the Central Highlands, which are dominated by moist montane forest. Along the western half of the island, below 800 m elevation and to the west of the Central Highlands, the montane forests shift to dry deciduous forest dominated by drought-adapted trees and shrubs. Thus, the present classification separating the eastern and western biomes as extreme endpoints ignores the possibility that the Central Highlands might naturally have formed a vast zone of transitional vegetation. | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.75 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/41GB1vb0sOU/ |
10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.058 | Biology_324 | If every incoming virus spurred a similarly strong response, points out O'Shea, our cells would be frequently paused, hampering our growth. | ATM inhibition also does not impact the cytopathic effect associated with WT virus replication (data not shown). | The MRN response to the virus stays localized and only selectively prevents viral, but not cellular, replication. If every incoming virus spurred a similarly strong response, points out O'Shea, our cells would be frequently paused, hampering our growth. And when both threats to the genome are present, MRN will activate the massive response at the DNA break; no MRN is left to respond to the virus. | Furthermore, capsid protein expression and total virus titers are similar in WT-virusinfected cells treated with DMSO, or AZ20 (Figures S3F and S3G) . ATM inhibition also does not impact the cytopathic effect associated with WT virus replication (data not shown). We conclude that the MRN-independent activation of global ATM phosphorylation does not impact viral replication ( Figure 3I ) in cell culture. | [1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.4 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/cancers/66433-the-dna-damage-response-goes-viral-a-way-in-for-new-cancer-treatments.html |
10.1093/beheco/aru103 | Biology_325 | After recording them at dawn and dusk in various environments, researchers found that whereas noise has little effect on them, light pollution can change the timing of their songs. | Rain could act directly through increased noise, reducing the ability to communicate effectively, or through increased costs of singing (e.g., thermoregulation costs), or indirectly as a consequence of lower light levels (cloud coverage). | After recording them at dawn and dusk in various environments, researchers found that whereas noise has little effect on them, light pollution can change the timing of their songs. For instance, in areas with more artificial night light emitted by street lamps, European robins (pictured above) and blackbirds can start singing up to 1.5 hours earlier than sunrise, and great tits chirp an hour earlier than normal. The effect was not as strong at dusk, with some birds only tweeting about 10 minutes later than usual. | As reported previously , rain delayed onset of singing (Figure 3, lower panel) , and we also show that it made birds stop singing earlier in the evening (Figure 3, upper panel) . Rain could act directly through increased noise, reducing the ability to communicate effectively, or through increased costs of singing (e.g., thermoregulation costs), or indirectly as a consequence of lower light levels (cloud coverage). The latter does seem to play a role because on nonrainy days we found that birds initiated dawn song later when the morning was overcast. | [1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.4 | news | http://news.sciencemag.org/environment/2014/06/why-are-those-birds-so-early |
10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.038 | Biology_327 | This discovery is important because cilia, or flagella, dangle from all of our cells. | Under these conditions, 70% of cnk2-1 mutant cells were flagellated after 24 hr on solid media, whereas wild-type and cnk2-1:CNK2 rescue strains were 14% and 5% flagellated, respectively ( Figure 2C ). | This discovery is important because cilia, or flagella, dangle from all of our cells. But Quarmby and Hilton have discovered that disassembly speed is also important, and that the regulatory gene CNK2 plays a key role in controlling it. advertisement
Similar to how a balance between water pressure and gravity determines the height of a fountain's stream, a balance of assembly and disassembly speed determines cilia's length. | We found that both chemicals induced flagellar resorption in both WT and cnk2-1:CNK2 rescue cells but had a greatly reduced effect on cnk2-1 mutants (Figures 2A and 2B) . Under these conditions, 70% of cnk2-1 mutant cells were flagellated after 24 hr on solid media, whereas wild-type and cnk2-1:CNK2 rescue strains were 14% and 5% flagellated, respectively ( Figure 2C ). However, cnk2-1 fa1-4 double mutants did not resorb or deflagellate in response to pH shock (data not shown). | [1.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131031124920.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1186/s40168-015-0071-z | Biology_328 | Rather, it conveys the subtle and elegant choreography of one part of the human microbiome: The relationships between the mothers' genetics, the composition of her breast milk and the development of her infant's gut microbiota. | Much of the bifidobacterial abundance difference between the two secretor status milk phenotypes appears to come from variation in the time at which each infant transitions from possessing a Low-Bif qPCR ' gut community to possessing a High-Bif qPCR gut community. | The researchers emphasized that the finding does not suggest that breast milk from mothers without an active copy of the gene is less nourishing or healthy. Rather, it conveys the subtle and elegant choreography of one part of the human microbiome: The relationships between the mothers' genetics, the composition of her breast milk and the development of her infant's gut microbiota. It also reveals clues for enriching desirable bacteria in populations at risk of intestinal diseases -- such as preemies. | The distribution of the qPCR data was bimodal, with a large group of samples with low levels of bifidobacteria (<10 7.6 /g feces, average 10 6.1 ) and a separate group with high amounts of bifidobacteria (>10 8.9 /g feces, average 10 10.3 ), with a striking lack of values falling in between the two ranges ( Figure 4 ). Much of the bifidobacterial abundance difference between the two secretor status milk phenotypes appears to come from variation in the time at which each infant transitions from possessing a Low-Bif qPCR ' gut community to possessing a High-Bif qPCR gut community. Bifidobacteria were found to be established (High-Bif qPCR ) earlier in secretorfed infants (60% of infants versus 37.5% at day 6) and more often (80% versus 50% by day 120) ( Figure 5 ). | [2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 2.6 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150409143035.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1038/s41467-019-09863-x | Biology_329 | Dr Yumashev added: "Our findings support the need for more proactive mitigation measures to keep global temperature rise well below 2C. | The uncertainties in the permafrost models used in this study, robustness of our PCF and SAF emulators, and uncertainties in other key parameterisations such as the carbon cycle, sea level rise, mitigation business as usual pathway and economic impacts of rising temperatures are discussed in Methods and Supplementary Notes 1-3. | Thus, the nonlinear Arctic feedbacks make the more ambitious 1.5C target marginally more economically attractive. Dr Yumashev added: "Our findings support the need for more proactive mitigation measures to keep global temperature rise well below 2C. "We hope our work will lead to further assessments of multiple nonlinear processes in the Earth's climate system, both those associated with the Arctic and beyond." | Of the two most recent studies on the cloud feedback that were based on observational constraints, one matched closely with the ECS parameterisation from IPCC AR5 adopted in PAGE-ICE, suggesting that our climate projections are robust. The uncertainties in the permafrost models used in this study, robustness of our PCF and SAF emulators, and uncertainties in other key parameterisations such as the carbon cycle, sea level rise, mitigation business as usual pathway and economic impacts of rising temperatures are discussed in Methods and Supplementary Notes 1-3. PCF is caused by additional CO 2 and methane emissions from thawing permafrost, and SAF is mostly driven by increased solar absorption due to the decline of Arctic sea ice and land snow covers. | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190423114027.htm |
10.1038/s41467-018-08278-4 | Biology_33 | The results of the study showed that the regeneration process was most advanced when BMP2 was applied first, with BMP9 added a week after - in this case it led to the growth of more complete joint structures, even with some connections to the bone. | Combining BMP2 and BMP9 treatments in sequence stimulates the regeneration of bone and joint. | "These studies provide evidence that treatment of growth factors can be used to engineer a regeneration response from a non-regenerating amputation wound," explain the researchers in their paper. The results of the study showed that the regeneration process was most advanced when BMP2 was applied first, with BMP9 added a week after - in this case it led to the growth of more complete joint structures, even with some connections to the bone. Humans are similar to mice in terms of the way our skeletons fit together, so this is possibly something that could be transferred over. | Regenerated structures include a skeletal element lined with articular cartilage and a synovial cavity, and we demonstrate that this response requires the Prg4 gene. Combining BMP2 and BMP9 treatments in sequence stimulates the regeneration of bone and joint. These studies provide evidence that treatment of growth factors can be used to engineer a regeneration response from a non-regenerating amputation wound. | [2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38466420113&p=1pl&v=1&x=IqxylWeo6-sJ6dtu0xtBJQ |
10.1038/s41589-018-0155-8 | Biology_330 | For example, the enhanced immune activity in the knockout and inhibitor-treated mice hints that the signs and symptoms of PHARC may have an immunological basis. | On the other hand, both DO264-treated and ABHD12 -/mice displayed heightened immunological responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 infection that manifested as severe lung pathology with elevated proinflammatory chemokines. | The findings suggest several possibilities to investigate with future research. For example, the enhanced immune activity in the knockout and inhibitor-treated mice hints that the signs and symptoms of PHARC may have an immunological basis. He adds that if PHARC turns out to be caused in part by chronic brain and nerve inflammation, it might be treatable, if caught early enough, with anti-inflammatory or immune-suppressing drugs. | Unlike ABHD12 -/mice, adult mice treated with DO264 exhibited minimal perturbations in auditory function. On the other hand, both DO264-treated and ABHD12 -/mice displayed heightened immunological responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 infection that manifested as severe lung pathology with elevated proinflammatory chemokines. These results reveal similarities and differences in the phenotypic impact of pharmacological versus genetic blockade of ABHD12 and point to a key role for this enzyme in regulating immunostimulatory lipid pathways in vivo. | [3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37814264274&p=1pl&v=1&x=fV_-TrzPs9X1ZtNnkmq4RQ |
10.1098/rsif.2012.0838 | Biology_331 | The easiest way to peel tape away from a surface is by pulling one corner away at the largest possible angle from the sticking surface; pulling the tape at a shallow angle makes it virtually impossible to get unstuck. | In smooth pads, internal fibres running at an angle towards the surface of the outer layer of the pads may act in a similar way. | The researchers found that this splaying behavior is rooted in the same physical principle that applies to adhesive tape. The easiest way to peel tape away from a surface is by pulling one corner away at the largest possible angle from the sticking surface; pulling the tape at a shallow angle makes it virtually impossible to get unstuck. "This experiment shows the maximum adhesive force a frog can take," says Thomas Endlein, a biologist at the University of Glasgow, UK, who led the study. | Part of the control seems to be established through the directionality of the adhesive structure itself and accordingly, the direction of the forces acting on the pad. In smooth pads, internal fibres running at an angle towards the surface of the outer layer of the pads may act in a similar way. Even without any obvious directionality of the adhesive structure itself, the angle between the detachment force vector and the surface can have a strong influence on whether the pad adheres well or detaches easily. | [4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=frogs-cling-to-and-peel-from-surfaces-just-like-adhesive-tape |
10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.058 | Biology_333 | "The requirement of MRN for sensing both cellular and viral genome breaks has profound consequences," says O'Shea. | In Brief gH2AX foci discriminate ''self'' and ''nonself'' genomes and determine whether a localized anti-viral or global ATM response is appropriate, providing an elegant mechanism to neutralize viral genomes without jeopardizing cellular viability. | This means the virus is effectively ignored while the cell responds to the more massive alarm. "The requirement of MRN for sensing both cellular and viral genome breaks has profound consequences," says O'Shea. "When MRN is recruited to cellular DNA breaks, it can no longer sense and respond to incoming viral genomes. | This provides an elegant mechanism to neutralize viral genomes without jeopardizing cellular viability. In Brief gH2AX foci discriminate ''self'' and ''nonself'' genomes and determine whether a localized anti-viral or global ATM response is appropriate, providing an elegant mechanism to neutralize viral genomes without jeopardizing cellular viability. The MDC1 scaffolding protein binds gH2AX and recruits additional MRN, ATM, DDR kinases, and effectors into nuclear foci readily visualized by light microscopy . | [1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/cancers/66433-the-dna-damage-response-goes-viral-a-way-in-for-new-cancer-treatments.html |
10.1038/s41467-018-04627-5 | Biology_334 | "While many parents and teachers might worry that dyslexia is permanent, reflecting intrinsic deficits in the brain, these findings demonstrate that targeted, intensive reading programs not only lead to substantial improvements in reading skills, but also change the underlying wiring of the brain's reading circuitry," Yeatman said. | Alternatively, plasticity in the white matter might reflect a compensatory mechanism that supports the learning process 53 . | Yeatman believes the findings can extend to schools. Teachers have the potential to develop their students' brains, regardless of whether they have the resources to provide individualized instruction for each student in their class. "While many parents and teachers might worry that dyslexia is permanent, reflecting intrinsic deficits in the brain, these findings demonstrate that targeted, intensive reading programs not only lead to substantial improvements in reading skills, but also change the underlying wiring of the brain's reading circuitry," Yeatman said. | In that case, one might predict that remediation of reading difficulties would involve a "normalization" of deficits in white matter structure. Alternatively, plasticity in the white matter might reflect a compensatory mechanism that supports the learning process 53 . In that case, white matter tissue properties in the remediated readers would not necessarily look more similar to those in the typical reading control subjects. | [2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34316135354&p=1pl&v=1&x=D1Z-S3HDnAF3EPGxC7uLSg |
10.1111/gcb.13526 | Biology_335 | They attribute this boost in yield to increased photosynthesis, decreased respiration, and diversion of resources that would have been invested in more leaves than seeds. | 4a) are consistent with the predicted yield results (Fig. | They tested their prediction by removing about one third of the emerging leaves on soybeans and found an 8% increase in seed yield in replicated trials. They attribute this boost in yield to increased photosynthesis, decreased respiration, and diversion of resources that would have been invested in more leaves than seeds. "This rate is insufficient to fulfill the needs for global food security, where we need to produce 70-100% more food by 2050 to feed an estimated 9.7 billion people," said project co-lead Steve Long, Gutgsell Endowed Professor of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences at the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology at Illinois. | Hence, the numerator (NPP) in the formulation for LUE remains invariant, while the denominator (PAR absorbed) decreases, resulting in an increased LUE, as we decrease LAI from the observed peak to the predicted optimum value. 4a) are consistent with the predicted yield results (Fig. Reducing LAI also decreases crop water demand by 11% under both current and elevated [CO 2 ] (Fig. | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.4 | news | http://www.seeddaily.com/reports/Soybean_plants_with_fewer_leaves_yield_more_999.html |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.038 | Biology_336 | Many mutations that scientists attributed to the TEN region in fact disrupt TEN's interaction with TRAP, the researchers report in Cell. | We suggest that dimers or multimers could result from non-physiological domain swapping of TEN in one particle to IFD-TRAP in another. | "I remember looking at this structure when we got it and thinking we had solved a significant piece of the puzzle and were the only people who had seen this. Many mutations that scientists attributed to the TEN region in fact disrupt TEN's interaction with TRAP, the researchers report in Cell. advertisement
This is the first time researchers have seen telomerase in the process of making DNA. | Human telomerase has a longer TEN-RBD linker with low sequence complexity that has been implicated in the observed dimerization and multimerization of telomerase purified under certain conditions . We suggest that dimers or multimers could result from non-physiological domain swapping of TEN in one particle to IFD-TRAP in another. Because the human TERT-TER catalytic core and IFD-TRAP-TEN-TPP1-POT1 interactions are expected to be similar to corresponding interactions in Tetrahymena , this first complete model of a telomerase with bound DNA and sstDNA-handling proteins also provides unprecedented insight into human telomerase mechanism, mutations that affect function, and recruitment to telomeres and a framework for design of telomerase targeting therapeutics. | [2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34239565585&p=1pl&v=1&x=dKdwlCB2iE4axi2krXvE_w |
10.1038/ncomms4632 | Biology_337 | The team's three-part nanomotor can rapidly mix and pump biochemicals and move through liquids, which is important for future applications. | The excellent demonstration of nanoentities for rotary NEMS, however, required complex fabrication procedure. | The team's nanomotor is an important step toward developing miniature machines that could one day move through the body to administer insulin for diabetics when needed, or target and treat cancer cells without harming good cells. The team's three-part nanomotor can rapidly mix and pump biochemicals and move through liquids, which is important for future applications. Fan and her team are the first to achieve the extremely difficult goal of designing a nanomotor with large driving power. | This is also evidenced by the restricted sizes of MEMS motors of millimetres to hundreds of micrometres . The excellent demonstration of nanoentities for rotary NEMS, however, required complex fabrication procedure. Owing to the complexity of the conjugation of inorganic nanorods to molecular motors, only a few nanorods out of hundreds had been rotated. | [1.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140520123441.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1016/j.compag.2016.07.028 | Biology_339 | Achieving that level of specificity might allow it to recognize and track those same components across changes in appearance and location, an important consideration for a plant that develops as quickly and dynamically as corn. | This would allow the better investigation of genetic basis of WUE, which may be controlled by different genetic factors at different stages of plant development, and upscale WUE of individual plants in the greenhouse to plant communities in the field. | I think that's the beauty of this phenotyping that wasn't really possible in the past." Achieving that level of specificity might allow it to recognize and track those same components across changes in appearance and location, an important consideration for a plant that develops as quickly and dynamically as corn. "That's a very important connection we need to make," Schnable said. | By grouping daily WUE, it is also possible to estimate WUE at particular growth stages along plant's life cycle. This would allow the better investigation of genetic basis of WUE, which may be controlled by different genetic factors at different stages of plant development, and upscale WUE of individual plants in the greenhouse to plant communities in the field. The range of LWC for all 44 destructively sampled plants (combining Stage 1 and 2) is from 68.1 to 92.3%, with a mean of 80.1% and a standard deviation of 8.5%. | [2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/JM-jhIn6rZA/ |
10.1073/pnas.1511220112 | Biology_340 | This is similar to humans, who have a more pronounced scapular spine that enables them to make stone tools and throw at high speeds, according to the release. | 2 E and F and Fig. | "Our study suggests that the simplest explanation, that the ancestor looked a lot like a chimp or gorilla, is the right one, at least in the shoulder." This is similar to humans, who have a more pronounced scapular spine that enables them to make stone tools and throw at high speeds, according to the release. Primitive in some ways, derived in other ways, and different from all of them," Young explained in the release. | The third axis primarily distinguishes Gorilla and Pongo from all other taxa and is associated with a scapular blade that is medio-laterally wider than accounted for by PC1 alone (Fig. 2 E and F and Fig. Both the AA and AC trees locate the basal hominoid node, reflecting the common ancestral morphotype of apes, in a region consistent with hypothesized MAA proxies (Nasalis and Lagothrix) and similar to Pongo. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/16572/20150909/ape-human-evolution-more-clues-revealed-shoulders.htm |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Biology_341 | "Chronic accumulation of salt in the tissue thus may have become rather a problem than an advantage," Titze says. | LPS boosted histone H3 lysine-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in the Nos2 gene (Figures S1D and S1E), indicating activation of Nos2 transcription . | However, with the development of effective antibiotics and other infection treatments for infection, humans may no longer need huge amounts of salt in their system to protect them, the researchers note. "Chronic accumulation of salt in the tissue thus may have become rather a problem than an advantage," Titze says. Therefore, the researchers caution, their findings should in no way be taken as a recommendation of a high salt diet as beneficial for health. | Skin Na + concentrations (mean + SEM; n = 3). LPS boosted histone H3 lysine-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in the Nos2 gene (Figures S1D and S1E), indicating activation of Nos2 transcription . HS further augmented H3K4me3 at distinct regions in the Nos2 gene (Figures S1D and S1E). | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/37351/20150304/the-healthy-side-to-sodium.htm |
10.1038/s41467-018-04355-w | Biology_342 | In the new study, Pecot and his collaborators found that lung squamous carcinoma could be reclassified into just two different categories based on whether they showed a high presence of inflammatory monocytes. | Significant reduction in lung metastasis was observed with PF-04136309 treatment, consistent with significant reductions in both circulating and lung TME IMs (Fig. | "The way that these immune cells promote lung cancer metastases was very unexpected. In the new study, Pecot and his collaborators found that lung squamous carcinoma could be reclassified into just two different categories based on whether they showed a high presence of inflammatory monocytes. "It's important to understand that while there is so much focus on activating parts of the immune system to attack cancer, there is also a 'Jekyll and Hyde' process going on in most tumors," Pecot said. | Thus, targeting IMs requires a more effective strategy. Significant reduction in lung metastasis was observed with PF-04136309 treatment, consistent with significant reductions in both circulating and lung TME IMs (Fig. In accordance with a prior study using CCR2 inhibition 13 , 1 week of treatment did not significantly affect CD206 High or CD206 Low TAM subsets (Supplementary Fig. | [3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34143256224&p=1pl&v=1&x=_B116Taw-aRVfBzYTF8X0Q |
10.1111/gcb.13526 | Biology_343 | "The model shows that by investing less in leaves, the plant can produce more seeds," Srinivasan said. | As there were no gaps between the subplot rows and adjacent rows of the same cultivar, a larger number of guard rows were unnecessary. | If we can increase the yield of soybeans, we can solve the problems of protein demand and food production at the same time." "The model shows that by investing less in leaves, the plant can produce more seeds," Srinivasan said. The model predicted that a 30-40% decrease in leaf area would increase yields by 8-10%. | All leaves had senesced in all the subplots by September 17. As there were no gaps between the subplot rows and adjacent rows of the same cultivar, a larger number of guard rows were unnecessary. The results of the statistical models for both the LAI and seed yield indicated that the block effect was not significant; however, the statistical conclusions were the same with and without including the block effect. | [1.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.666667 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/soybean-plants-with-fewer-leaves-yield-more/ |
10.1073/pnas.1404354111 | Biology_344 | We were able to show that progenitor cells in our model and in patients with essential thrombocythemia, had a signature of excessive thrombopoietin stimulation. | This analysis revealed that genes associated with TPO overstimulation in TPO Tg LSKs were strongly correlated with up-regulated genes in Mpl PF4cre/PF4cre LSKs, whereas the gene signature associated with TPO starvation in Mpl −/− LSKs was associated with down-regulated genes in Mpl PF4cre/PF4cre LSKs (Fig. | The findings may have implications for human disease, Dr Ng said. We were able to show that progenitor cells in our model and in patients with essential thrombocythemia, had a signature of excessive thrombopoietin stimulation. "We think this study now provides a comprehensive model of how thrombopoietin controls platelet production, and perhaps gives some insight into the biology and mechanism behind specific myeloproliferative disorders," Dr Ng said. | which are expanded significantly in number, clear circulating TPO to levels observed in Mpl-replete mice, even in the absence of clearance by megakaryocytes and platelets. This analysis revealed that genes associated with TPO overstimulation in TPO Tg LSKs were strongly correlated with up-regulated genes in Mpl PF4cre/PF4cre LSKs, whereas the gene signature associated with TPO starvation in Mpl −/− LSKs was associated with down-regulated genes in Mpl PF4cre/PF4cre LSKs (Fig. This data confirms at a genetic level that Mpl expressing stem and progenitor cells in Mpl PF4cre/PF4cre mice were exposed to excessive TPO stimulation, explaining the behavior of their preprogenitor blast colonies at the single-cell level and the mechanistic basis for the myeloproliferation, megakaryocytosis, and thrombocytosis obverved in Mpl PF4cre/PF4cre mice. | [1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/49516-solution-to-platelet-%E2%80%98puzzle%E2%80%99-uncovers-blood-disorder-link.html |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.034 | Biology_346 | "Because prostate cancer is so common, 7 percent is a significant number. | All other PGDs had signatures dominated by translocations (49%) and fewer overall duplications (11%) than deletions (18%) or inversions (22%), further supporting the uniqueness of CDK12 mutant PCa. | Tumors in which CDK12 was inactivated were responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors, a type of immunotherapy treatment that has overall had limited success in prostate cancer. "Because prostate cancer is so common, 7 percent is a significant number. The fact that immune checkpoint inhibitors may be effective against this sub-type of prostate cancer makes it even more significant. | For CDK12 mutant tumors, the majority of fusions (70%) were classified as duplications within a cytoband or chromosome arm. All other PGDs had signatures dominated by translocations (49%) and fewer overall duplications (11%) than deletions (18%) or inversions (22%), further supporting the uniqueness of CDK12 mutant PCa. In addition to the singleton outlier RTKs ( Figure S6C ), we found two cases of BRAF fusions (KIAA1549-BRAF and HIPK2-BRAF) generated as a result of a CDK12-FTD ( Figures S6D and S6E ). | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 1.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34304617241&p=1pl&v=1&x=JkbWFHiGsGoeqOJxN0A0-A |
10.14814/phy2.13617 | Biology_348 | "The effects of light at night exposure can definitely go beyond sleep," Akacem said. | Nonetheless, intensity and duration response curves to light in adults provide a context for our findings. | For preschoolers, this may not only lead to trouble falling asleep one night, but to chronic problems feeling sleepy at bedtime. "The effects of light at night exposure can definitely go beyond sleep," Akacem said. The study sample size was small and it used only one intensity of light, 1,000 lux, which is far greater than the intensity of a typical handheld electronic device, she notes. | Due to differences in methodology, including variable prior light history and timing of the experimental light exposure, comparisons between our findings and others examining the melatonin suppression response must be made with caution. Nonetheless, intensity and duration response curves to light in adults provide a context for our findings. The duration response curve to light shows that a 1-h light stimulus of 10,000 lux, 10 times the intensity of light used in this study, suppressed melatonin by 39 AE 19% . | [5.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33480456707&p=1pl&v=1&x=hN9hUXXld--gBVhWbWCNfA |
10.1038/ncomms4632 | Biology_351 | "We were able to establish and control the molecule release rate by mechanical rotation, which means our nanomotor is the first of its kind for controlling the release of drugs from the surface of nanoparticles," Fan said. | The excellent demonstration of nanoentities for rotary NEMS, however, required complex fabrication procedure. | They found that the faster the nanomotor rotated, the faster it released the drugs. "We were able to establish and control the molecule release rate by mechanical rotation, which means our nanomotor is the first of its kind for controlling the release of drugs from the surface of nanoparticles," Fan said. "We believe it will help advance the study of drug delivery and cell-to-cell communications." | This is also evidenced by the restricted sizes of MEMS motors of millimetres to hundreds of micrometres . The excellent demonstration of nanoentities for rotary NEMS, however, required complex fabrication procedure. Owing to the complexity of the conjugation of inorganic nanorods to molecular motors, only a few nanorods out of hundreds had been rotated. | [2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140520123441.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1242/jeb.147082 | Biology_352 | The rest had varied postures, with loops at different positions and angles, Penning said. | Ratsnake constriction postures were much more variable than the typical kingsnake posture, with loops placed at different positions and angles on prey, loops that overlapped one another, and with the ratsnake's head inside or outside the coil (Fig. | In contrast, just about 5 percent of the 93 rat snakes formed uniform, spring-like coils. The rest had varied postures, with loops at different positions and angles, Penning said. (Image credit: David Penning/Missouri Southern State University)
These uniform coils may partly explain why the kingsnakes could squeeze prey with a force that was between 0.7 to 6 lbs. | Peak constriction pressures were 5.3-41.6 kPa for kingsnakes and 3.2-23.7 kPa for ratsnakes (Table 3) . Ratsnake constriction postures were much more variable than the typical kingsnake posture, with loops placed at different positions and angles on prey, loops that overlapped one another, and with the ratsnake's head inside or outside the coil (Fig. Of the 93 ratsnakes, only 5.4% used spring-like coils. | [3.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.666667 | news | http://www.livescience.com/58285-how-kingsnakes-eat-rat-snakes.html |
10.1002/emmm.201302567 | Biology_355 | "We observed delayed onset of motor neuron dysfunction; we noted also that SMN2 mis-splicing increases during the late stages of SMA, likely accelerating its progression in the body. | Patients with severe SMA show symptoms shortly after birth, suggesting a potential developmental component of SMA pathogenesis. | "Our efforts to model the adult form of SMA were successful," says Kentaro Sahashi, M.D., Ph.D., a postdoctoral researcher and neurologist who is first author of the team's new paper. "We observed delayed onset of motor neuron dysfunction; we noted also that SMN2 mis-splicing increases during the late stages of SMA, likely accelerating its progression in the body. We noted, importantly, marked liver and heart pathologies that were related to SMA's progression in adults." | Compared with early-onset SMA, adult-onset SMA may have distinct pathology, as well as therapeutic responses and requirements, perhaps reflecting key differences between development and post-development. Patients with severe SMA show symptoms shortly after birth, suggesting a potential developmental component of SMA pathogenesis. ASO injection into the CNS of adult SMN2-transgenic mice mimicked adult-onset SMA, with a characteristic late-onset motor phenotype. | [4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130909093116.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1073/pnas.1404354111 | Biology_357 | "We think this study now provides a comprehensive model of how thrombopoietin controls platelet production, and perhaps gives some insight into the biology and mechanism behind specific myeloproliferative disorders," Dr Ng said. | However, the relationship between circulating TPO concentration and peripheral platelet counts is not always conserved in pathological states of thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia , suggesting that a simple relationship among megakaryocyte and platelet Mpl mass, circulating TPO concentration, and the degree of stimulation of megakaryopoiesis may not always hold. | We were able to show that progenitor cells in our model and in patients with essential thrombocythemia, had a signature of excessive thrombopoietin stimulation. "We think this study now provides a comprehensive model of how thrombopoietin controls platelet production, and perhaps gives some insight into the biology and mechanism behind specific myeloproliferative disorders," Dr Ng said. Download media release as a pdf. | The reciprocal relationship between platelet number and circulating TPO level is clearly evident in bone marrow transplant patients , and the key role of the TPO receptor is illustrated by the elevated circulating TPO in Mpl −/− mice (3) and the modest elevation of platelet counts in transgenic mice expressing low levels of Mpl . However, the relationship between circulating TPO concentration and peripheral platelet counts is not always conserved in pathological states of thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia , suggesting that a simple relationship among megakaryocyte and platelet Mpl mass, circulating TPO concentration, and the degree of stimulation of megakaryopoiesis may not always hold. Administration of TPO in vivo or stimulation of bone marrow in vitro elevates megakaryocyte numbers and increases mean DNA ploidy , and the thrombocytopenia in TPO −/− mice is accompanied by reduced megakaryocyte ploidy . | [2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.5 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/49516-solution-to-platelet-%E2%80%98puzzle%E2%80%99-uncovers-blood-disorder-link.html |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Biology_358 | "Our current study challenges this one-sided view and suggests that increasing salt accumulation at the site of infections might be an ancient strategy to ward off infections, long before antibiotics were invented." | show that Na + accumulates in infected skin in humans and mice and creates a hypertonic microenvironment increasing NO production in macrophages to facilitate pathogen removal. | While too much salt may not be the best for your health, dietary salt could actually have some benefits. "Our current study challenges this one-sided view and suggests that increasing salt accumulation at the site of infections might be an ancient strategy to ward off infections, long before antibiotics were invented." The researchers noticed that there was an unusually high amount of sodium in the infected skin of mice that had been bitten by cage mates. | We suggest that the hypertonic microenvironment could serve as a barrier to infection. show that Na + accumulates in infected skin in humans and mice and creates a hypertonic microenvironment increasing NO production in macrophages to facilitate pathogen removal. High-salt diet promotes skin Na + accumulation, which boosts macrophage activation and helps resolve bacterial infection. | [3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.4 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/22963/20150304/high-salt-diet-ward-infection-invading-microbes.htm |
10.1186/s12944-018-0743-3 | Biology_359 | That said, it's important to design a circuit training workout based on your level of fitness and overall goals. | In conclusion, I observed how circuit training at home can improve the calcaneus QUS status, such as QUS-SI, QUS-SOS, and QUS-BUA, as well as build muscle while losing fat mass through easy sports activities among young females. | The same is true for circuit training," Ryan says. That said, it's important to design a circuit training workout based on your level of fitness and overall goals. Ryan explains, "Just because split jumps may be a good exercise for an advanced person to strengthen the legs and glutes while getting their heart rate up, a more entry-level person may be better served by a basic squat or even a 1/4 squat." | Third, studies involving both sexes may be needed to clarify the sex-based differences in the effect of such exercise on the calcaneus QUS status. In conclusion, I observed how circuit training at home can improve the calcaneus QUS status, such as QUS-SI, QUS-SOS, and QUS-BUA, as well as build muscle while losing fat mass through easy sports activities among young females. These findings suggest that circuit training can help females attain significantly greater bone mass and muscle mass and may reduce their risk of osteoporosis or cardiovascular disease in later life. | [2.0, 4.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39028000354&p=1pl&v=1&x=rNZIkXnItgXmLxg4R0B21g |
10.1111/1365-2656.12871 | Biology_36 | Rabbits that survive infection with MYXV virus have lower rates of survival than rabbits not yet infected," says Dr. Wells. | The pool of individuals susceptible to RHDV had lower survival rates compared to those that had survived a previous infection (immune individuals). | "By explicitly modelling the complex way that diseases behave in rabbit populations we found an unexpected result. Rabbits that survive infection with MYXV virus have lower rates of survival than rabbits not yet infected," says Dr. Wells. "This is important because it confirms that MYXV virus weakens animals so that they have a lower resistance when subsequently exposed to RHDV disease. | We show that the two diseases have rather different effects on rabbit survival rates. The pool of individuals susceptible to RHDV had lower survival rates compared to those that had survived a previous infection (immune individuals). In contrast, we found that individuals susceptible to both viruses had almost always higher survival rates than individuals susceptible to RHDV but immune to MYXV. | [1.0, 5.0, 1.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34506942217&p=1pl&v=1&x=OCP5j07SbNKK_Tx7JPH1Dw |
10.1038/s41467-018-08278-4 | Biology_361 | When using the combination on mice with amputated toes, over 60 percent of the stump bones formed a layer of cartilage within three days. | Chondrogenic genes are not expressed by cells of the amputation wound in BSA-treated control digits ( Fig. | Both joints and bones are crucial if one is trying to bring back lost limbs. When using the combination on mice with amputated toes, over 60 percent of the stump bones formed a layer of cartilage within three days. Without the proteins, the amputated toes would've healed over as normal. | 1l) , but not by cells of the BSA-treated digits ( Supplementary Fig. Chondrogenic genes are not expressed by cells of the amputation wound in BSA-treated control digits ( Fig. In BMP9-treated non-cavity-forming digits, we find transcripts of Col2a1, Sox9, Acan, Fmod and Ucma up-regulated at the distal end of the stump (Fig. | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 2.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38466420113&p=1pl&v=1&x=IqxylWeo6-sJ6dtu0xtBJQ |
10.1038/s41467-019-09863-x | Biology_363 | In an interview with the Guardian, Yumashev called his study's results "disheartening," but said nations of the world have the technological capacity to confront the crisis. | We, therefore, introduced an additional abatement rate relative to RCP2.6, the same for all the major GHGs represented in PAGE-ICE, and employed Risk Optimiser to find that it is equal to 0.24% per year for the 2°C target and 4.05% per year for the 2°C target scenario. | Even if action is taken to limit warming to 1.5degC by the end of the century, the research found melting permafrost would still add $24.8 trillion to overall climate costs. In an interview with the Guardian, Yumashev called his study's results "disheartening," but said nations of the world have the technological capacity to confront the crisis. What's needed, he said, is urgency and political will. | They fall outside the range covered by the SSPW and RCPW pairs described above. We, therefore, introduced an additional abatement rate relative to RCP2.6, the same for all the major GHGs represented in PAGE-ICE, and employed Risk Optimiser to find that it is equal to 0.24% per year for the 2°C target and 4.05% per year for the 2°C target scenario. Both of these scenarios overshoot their respective targets during the second half of the 21st century and imply negative CO 2 emissions thereafter. | [1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39059198716&p=1pl&v=1&x=LFeOjGrAvD1wF12D7W6Wvg |
10.1038/s41467-018-04151-6 | Biology_365 | "My research is giving us a new way to look at unravelling network complexity in nature." | This analysis provided a purely algebraic condition that must be satisfied by an RPA-capable system, which has been shown to be equivalent to the requirement for integral control 23 . | Her findings, published in Nature Communications, provide a new level of understanding of cellular communication and cellular 'cognition', and have potential application in a variety of areas, including new targeted cancer therapies and drug resistance. "My research is giving us a new way to look at unravelling network complexity in nature." "An example of perfect adaptation is our sense of smell," she said. | 23 considered a special case of the IMP concerning RPA to constant exogenous inputs, in the context of providing a framework for understanding the extraordinary precision of adaptation in bacterial chemotaxis 5 . This analysis provided a purely algebraic condition that must be satisfied by an RPA-capable system, which has been shown to be equivalent to the requirement for integral control 23 . 23 , for the special case in which a particular input/output node pair is specified, thereby constructing a framework from which topological structures may be deduced relative to that input/output node pair. | [3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/BUs3tnStd9A/ |
10.1126/science.aam7470 | Biology_366 | The authors also argued in Sciencethat the chemicals cause more damage to wildlife than they are worth. | However, in the absence of seasonlong data, it is impossible to rule out that honey bees are also chronically exposed to sublethal levels of NNIs after planting. | "The Trump administration's approval to use toxic pesticides and genetically modified crops is an insult to our national wildlife refuges and the wildlife that rely on them," Rappaport Clark said. The authors also argued in Sciencethat the chemicals cause more damage to wildlife than they are worth. The rollback means that rather than continuing to impose a blanket ban on GMO crops and neonics on refuges, decisions about their use would be made on an individual basis, Fish and Wildlife Service Deputy Director Greg Sheehan said in the memo on Thursday. | The timing of honey bee deaths in Ontario, Québec, and Indiana, along with the presence of NNI residues in dead bees and hives in the spring (11, , suggested that NNI-contaminated dust generated during seeding was the main route of acute exposure ( . However, in the absence of seasonlong data, it is impossible to rule out that honey bees are also chronically exposed to sublethal levels of NNIs after planting. We detected 26 different agrochemicals that included miticides, fungicides, herbicides, NNIs, and other insecticides (tables S1 and S5). | [1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.75 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34751959942&p=1pl&v=1&x=K3NFs_6pIgAoDjfxANQdSA |
10.1093/molbev/msu227 | Biology_367 | The authors argue that the evolutionary forces at work behind the diversity of chlamydiae are the result of a unique confluence of birth and death gene evolutionary cycles. | In contrast, long branch lengths in the trees and moderate overall sequence similarity indicate these proteins have diverged quite extensively (supplementary figs. | By combining their molecular analysis with cell-based assays, the authors demonstrated that these are thought to be secreted proteins that interfere with their hosts' defenses. The authors argue that the evolutionary forces at work behind the diversity of chlamydiae are the result of a unique confluence of birth and death gene evolutionary cycles. "One of the most surprising findings is that a similar mode of evolution has so far only been observed in fungi, plants, and animals." | S8 , Supplementary Material online), the effect does not appear to be that of homogenization. In contrast, long branch lengths in the trees and moderate overall sequence similarity indicate these proteins have diverged quite extensively (supplementary figs. S2-S6, Supplementary Material online). | [1.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.333333 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141014085130.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1038/s41467-018-04627-5 | Biology_368 | Just what kind of tissue was created among reading program participants is likely to be the subject of future study, the authors said. | It should be noted, however, that in ref. | The callosal connections showed no changes between treatment and control groups, results that support past research suggesting that this structure, though relevant for reading acquisition, may already be mature and stable by age 7, Yeatman said. Just what kind of tissue was created among reading program participants is likely to be the subject of future study, the authors said. For example, the measurements might be picking up on increases in the number or size of certain types of cells that help nourish and maintain the white matter, or on added insulation for existing neural connections, Huber said. | It is important to note that the tracts identified in this analysis, including the left hemisphere ILF, SLF, and AF, carry signals that are relevant for a number of cognitive functions 57 , not only reading . It should be noted, however, that in ref. 61 , math skills' training did not produce a significant change in the arcuate at a group level, and therefore the previous set of findings differ from ours. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34305651947&p=1pl&v=1&x=5K-kiFIe9C-USZImgR7dwA |
10.1073/pnas.1620079114 | Biology_37 | Young adults who exhibited central adiposity gain over the course of 35 weeks had plasma erythritol levels 15-times higher at baseline than those with stable adiposity over the same period. | However, the consistency of the erythritol results in both the central adiposity and usual glycemia comparisons lends strength to the findings, and the cluster of metabolites has biological plausibility. | Knowing how the body makes sugar alcohols, she said, opens an array of new possibilities for treatment and prevention of heart disease and Type 2 diabetes. Young adults who exhibited central adiposity gain over the course of 35 weeks had plasma erythritol levels 15-times higher at baseline than those with stable adiposity over the same period. "Taken together," she said, "these data suggest that plasma erythritol may not simply reflect elevated blood glucose, but rather may signal or lead to metabolic changes that cause weight gain and/or diabetes. | The FDR-corrected statistical tests presented herein are not as robust as tests that account for both biological and technical variation . However, the consistency of the erythritol results in both the central adiposity and usual glycemia comparisons lends strength to the findings, and the cluster of metabolites has biological plausibility. This pool-based study delivers two unique results about metabolite abundance related to a one-time measurement of glycemia and longitudinal increase in central adiposity. | [3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40332840581&p=1pl&v=1&x=pkcSn_o-Swy8HkWKnlFErg |
10.1002/emmm.201302567 | Biology_370 | Type IV SMA patients have 4 or more copies of the SMN2 gene and don't experience effects of the disease until adulthood. | This ASO, when administered through neonatal ICV and/or systemic injection, efficiently ameliorates the phenotypes of several SMA mouse strains, as well as of our ASO-20-37-induced SMA-phenocopy mice ). | People who have 2-3 copies (Type II SMA) make more protein and survive longer, but can never walk. Type IV SMA patients have 4 or more copies of the SMN2 gene and don't experience effects of the disease until adulthood. The flaw in the protein's production is understood. | These results indicate marked liver pathogenesis with consequently decreased levels of circulating IGF1, caused by hepatic SMN deficiency at the advanced-disease stages in this adult-onset SMA context. This ASO, when administered through neonatal ICV and/or systemic injection, efficiently ameliorates the phenotypes of several SMA mouse strains, as well as of our ASO-20-37-induced SMA-phenocopy mice ). At PS5, we already observed pathology in the form of impaired weight gain (p ¼ 0.0003; Fig 3B) . | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 1.75 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130909093116.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |