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10.1186/s40168-015-0071-z | Biology_12 | The researchers emphasized that the finding does not suggest that breast milk from mothers without an active copy of the gene is less nourishing or healthy. | Specifically, secretor-fed infants generally had higher relative amounts of Bifidobacterium (p < 0.05) and Bacteroides and lower levels of enterobacteria, clostridia, and streptococci (p < 0.05). | The research may have applications in a clinical setting for protecting premature infants from a range of intestinal diseases including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a condition that is the second most common cause of death among premature infants in the United States. The researchers emphasized that the finding does not suggest that breast milk from mothers without an active copy of the gene is less nourishing or healthy. Rather, it conveys the subtle and elegant choreography of one part of the human microbiome: The relationships between the mothers' genetics, the composition of her breast milk and the development of thier infants' gut microbiota. | When grouped by the mothers' secretor status, differences were seen in the aggregated infants' gut microbiota ( Figure 2 ). Specifically, secretor-fed infants generally had higher relative amounts of Bifidobacterium (p < 0.05) and Bacteroides and lower levels of enterobacteria, clostridia, and streptococci (p < 0.05). The aggregated secretor-fed infant samples were, on average, found to have significantly higher absolute levels of bifidobacteria (10 9 .0 /g feces versus 10 | [4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 2.8 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/genetics-birth-defects/62224-a-mother-s-genes-can-influence-the-bacteria-in-her-baby-s-gut-researchers-at-uc-davis-have-found.html |
10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.028 | Biology_120 | Potential drug target for PTSD prevention
The dark smudge on the left side shows that the gene Tac2 is robustly activated after fear learning in the central amygdala. | Together, these studies further our understanding of the role of the Tac2 gene and CeM in fear processing and may provide approaches to intervention for fear-related disorders. | Potential drug target for PTSD prevention
The dark smudge on the left side shows that the gene Tac2 is robustly activated after fear learning in the central amygdala. The finding may accelerate the development of treatments for preventing PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). "PTSD is unique among psychiatric disorders in that we know when it starts - at the time of the trauma. | Concordantly, silencing of Tac2-expressing neurons in CeA with DREADDs impairs fear consolidation. Together, these studies further our understanding of the role of the Tac2 gene and CeM in fear processing and may provide approaches to intervention for fear-related disorders. Specifically relevant is the memory consolidation phase following emotional learning, since it is required to stabilize the initial fear memory trace. | [3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.2 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/mental-health-behavior/52580-potential-drug-target-for-ptsd-prevention.html |
10.1002/emmm.201302567 | Biology_121 | The body's manufacture of the SMN protein from the SMN2 gene can limit the impact of SMA. | A single injection had dose-dependent effects on SMN2 splicing in the CNS, correlating with lifespan, growth and motor-function phenotypes (Figs 1 and 3) . | Hence the importance of the team's success, reported online today in EMBO Molecular Medicine. The body's manufacture of the SMN protein from the SMN2 gene can limit the impact of SMA. How much a patient is helped depends on the number of copies of the SMN2 gene they possess. | By inhibiting SMN2 exon 7 inclusion with an appropriate ASO in neonatal or adult (this study) transgenic mice, we elicited phenotypes resembling canonical SMA. A single injection had dose-dependent effects on SMN2 splicing in the CNS, correlating with lifespan, growth and motor-function phenotypes (Figs 1 and 3) . Notably, compared with our previous finding that neonatal ICV injection causes progressive paralysis, beginning after 2 weeks , in the present study, abnormal gait or rearing became apparent only 1 month after ASO injection. | [2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/42722-first-animal-model-of-adult-onset-sma-sheds-light-on-disease-progression-and-treatment.html |
10.1038/s41467-017-01957-8 | Biology_122 | However, as soon as the ciliates were also allowed to evolve, protection came at a high cost to the bacteria: they then only produced few offspring. | Furthermore, coevolved ciliates had a significantly higher growth rate compared to the ancestral ciliates at a given coevolved bacteria population ( Fig. | Costly defence
As long as the scientists allowed only the bacteria to evolve in their experiments and computer simulations, the bacteria were able to protect themselves well from being eaten - with acceptable effort. However, as soon as the ciliates were also allowed to evolve, protection came at a high cost to the bacteria: they then only produced few offspring. In contrast, if the predator cannot adapt, the prey requires fewer resources for defence and can invest more in producing progeny", explains Becks. | 1a , Kruskal-Wallis ancestral vs. coevolved bacteria: χ 2 = 6.2, df = 1, p = 0.005). Furthermore, coevolved ciliates had a significantly higher growth rate compared to the ancestral ciliates at a given coevolved bacteria population ( Fig. 1b-d , coevolved bacteria population 1: Kruskal-Wallis ancestral vs. coevolved ciliate: χ 2 = 5.4, df = 1, p = 0.007; bacteria population 2: Kruskal-Wallis ancestral vs. coevolved ciliate: χ 2 = 5.4, df = 1, p = 0.007; bacteria population 3: Kruskal-Wallis ancestral vs. coevolved ciliate: χ 2 = 4.3, df = 1, p = 0.025). | [4.0, 5.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3.75 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/5JFO6NDeMfE/ |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_123 | Eating instant noodles at least twice a week was associated with 68% more cardiometabolic syndrome for women, regardless of what else their diet was made up of. | Participants who frequently consumed instant noodles ($2 times/wk) and those in the highest quintile of the MP were younger, more likely to be current smokers, drink more alcohol, be less physically active, and have low carbohydrate intake in both genders (Table 1) . | Neither of those diets on the whole were associated with an uptick in cardio-metabolic syndrome--which is a collection of risk factors for heart disease, type-2 diabetes and stroke including high blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol. Eating instant noodles at least twice a week was associated with 68% more cardiometabolic syndrome for women, regardless of what else their diet was made up of. This effect was only seen in women. | In addition, the mean sodium intake was very high across all categories (age-standardized mean sodium intake: 6.0 g in men, 4.2 g in women). Participants who frequently consumed instant noodles ($2 times/wk) and those in the highest quintile of the MP were younger, more likely to be current smokers, drink more alcohol, be less physically active, and have low carbohydrate intake in both genders (Table 1) . Interestingly, although participants in the highest quintile of the MP had a higher education/income level than participants in the lowest quintile, frequent consumers of instant noodles had lower educational/income levels than did infrequent instant noodle consumers. | [2.0, 1.0, 4.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://time.com/3149497/instant-noodles-heart-risks/ |
10.1038/s41589-018-0155-8 | Biology_124 | advertisement
"The enhanced mortality and lung pathology were striking in clone-13 infected mice following ABHD12 inhibition or deletion," Teijaro says. | We found that infection with a persistent dose of Cl13 caused a striking pathological response in ABHD -/mice, indicated by hunched posture, ruffled fur, labored breathing, and death in ~ 50% of the animals (Fig. | Teijaro and colleagues found that the ABHD12-knockout mice, as well as the mice treated with the ABHD12 inhibitor, had immune responses that were much more vigorous and effective in clearing the virus, often excessively so. advertisement
"The enhanced mortality and lung pathology were striking in clone-13 infected mice following ABHD12 inhibition or deletion," Teijaro says. The findings suggest several possibilities to investigate with future research. | Relief of immune suppression by blocking negative regulatory molecules like PD-1 or IL-10 results in hastened control of Cl13 infection, as well as concomitant immune pathology that can produce severe morbidity and lethality . We found that infection with a persistent dose of Cl13 caused a striking pathological response in ABHD -/mice, indicated by hunched posture, ruffled fur, labored breathing, and death in ~ 50% of the animals (Fig. 6a) , correlating with gross lung damage ( Supplementary Fig. | [3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3.75 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37814264274&p=1pl&v=1&x=fV_-TrzPs9X1ZtNnkmq4RQ |
10.1038/s41467-018-04355-w | Biology_125 | Also, when looking at tumor samples from patients, they found that tumors with high amounts of the fibrin cross-linking was associated with an increased risk of the tumor spreading. | This novel mechanism is reflected in clinical samples where fibrin cross-linking is correlated with poor survival. | They also demonstrated that the presence of a clot made it easier for cancer cells to move and migrate. Also, when looking at tumor samples from patients, they found that tumors with high amounts of the fibrin cross-linking was associated with an increased risk of the tumor spreading. The researchers were able to reduce metastases by using a compound that blocks CCR2, a receptor on the surface of the inflammatory monocytes. | Our results have identified a previously unappreciated driver of LUSC metastasis characterized by CCL2-mediated recruitment of IMs and FXIIIA-mediated fibrin cross-linking in the TME, which provides a scaffold for tumor cell invasion. This novel mechanism is reflected in clinical samples where fibrin cross-linking is correlated with poor survival. Thus, IMs in LUSC tumors represent an important contextspecific vulnerability of this difficult-to-treat disease. | [2.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34143256224&p=1pl&v=1&x=_B116Taw-aRVfBzYTF8X0Q |
10.1002/emmm.201302567 | Biology_127 | (click to enlarge)
Many SMA patients do reach adulthood, however, and on occasion people develop symptoms of the illness only after they have become adults. | Patients with severe SMA show symptoms shortly after birth, suggesting a potential developmental component of SMA pathogenesis. | Compared with healthy tissue on the left, the sample on the right shows both a reduced number of motor neurons and shrinkage of those that are present (the neurons are stained brownish-yellow in these views). (click to enlarge)
Many SMA patients do reach adulthood, however, and on occasion people develop symptoms of the illness only after they have become adults. Hence the importance of the team's success, reported online today in EMBO Molecular Medicine. | Compared with early-onset SMA, adult-onset SMA may have distinct pathology, as well as therapeutic responses and requirements, perhaps reflecting key differences between development and post-development. Patients with severe SMA show symptoms shortly after birth, suggesting a potential developmental component of SMA pathogenesis. ASO injection into the CNS of adult SMN2-transgenic mice mimicked adult-onset SMA, with a characteristic late-onset motor phenotype. | [3.0, 1.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.6 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/42722-first-animal-model-of-adult-onset-sma-sheds-light-on-disease-progression-and-treatment.html |
10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.030 | Biology_129 | Having a problem with the MC1R pathway raises a person's lifetime risk of melanoma about four-fold. | Though MC1R dysfunction is clearly linked with defective tanning , MC1R signaling also protects melanocytes against carcinogenesis independent of pigmentation . | D'Orazio and his research team found an important molecular link between MC1R signaling and DNA repair in their study. The team hopes to use this information to develop new melanoma-preventive treatments, like additives that can be included in sunblocks to ramp up the skin's ability to deal with UV damage. Having a problem with the MC1R pathway raises a person's lifetime risk of melanoma about four-fold. | R151C, R160W and D294H) exhibit a fair-skinned sun-sensitive phenotype and have up to a four-fold increased lifetime risk of melanoma . Though MC1R dysfunction is clearly linked with defective tanning , MC1R signaling also protects melanocytes against carcinogenesis independent of pigmentation . ATR (ATM and Rad3-related) is critical to UV DNA damage signaling and is intimately linked with NER (Bomgarden et al., 2006; . | [3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 2.8 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140715141753.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1002/emmm.201302567 | Biology_13 | The body's manufacture of the SMN protein from the SMN2 gene can limit the impact of SMA. | SMN2 mis-splicing was exacerbated during late-stage disease, which should accelerate the decline. | Hence the importance of the team's success, reported online today in EMBO Molecular Medicine. The body's manufacture of the SMN protein from the SMN2 gene can limit the impact of SMA. How much a patient is helped depends on the number of copies of the SMN2 gene they possess. | We found that ICV-administered ASO phenocopies adult-onset SMA. SMN2 mis-splicing was exacerbated during late-stage disease, which should accelerate the decline. In addition, systemically administered exon-skipping ASO also affected survival, resulting in striking liver and heart lesions, and the combination of central and peripheral administration exacerbated the pathology. | [2.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 2.666667 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/42722-first-animal-model-of-adult-onset-sma-sheds-light-on-disease-progression-and-treatment.html |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Biology_130 | "Despite interest in the topic by parents and policy-makers, the research has not demonstrated that there is cause for concern." | 1. female observed variables (jrjs ¼ 0.08-0.62), and subjective game engagement was positively correlated with overall levels of game engagement, any violent game engagement and overall levels of violent game engagement (rs ¼ 0.18-0.43). | "Despite interest in the topic by parents and policy-makers, the research has not demonstrated that there is cause for concern." "Despite interest in the topic by parents and policy-makers, the research has not demonstrated that there is cause for concern." Oxford says that the study is one of the most definitive to date, using a combination of subjective and objective data to measure teen aggression and violence in games (see also: "No link found between violent video games and behavior," HSNW, 4 January 2019). | 8. 1. female observed variables (jrjs ¼ 0.08-0.62), and subjective game engagement was positively correlated with overall levels of game engagement, any violent game engagement and overall levels of violent game engagement (rs ¼ 0.18-0.43). Importantly, trait-level aggression as reported by adolescents was strongly correlated with higher carer reports of aggressive behaviour as measured in the SDQ, r ¼ 0.62, p , 0.001, supporting the notion that our criterion measure was a valid indicator of aggressive behaviour. | [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.8 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38630667262&p=1pl&v=1&x=eg7bkQTzSVqLm5ru549FjQ |
10.1038/s41467-019-08382-z | Biology_131 | These interactions help Hel2 identify flaws in protein formation. | Western blot analyses showed that the truncated proteins were more abundant than wild-type Hel2 (~1.8-fold for Hel2 1-543 and~1.9fold for Hel2 ). | This clears the way for further proteins to be produced. These interactions help Hel2 identify flaws in protein formation. When researchers removed the parts of Hel2 in direct contact, this prevented the destruction of faulty proteins, showing that these contacts are important for the mechanism. | 6a ). Western blot analyses showed that the truncated proteins were more abundant than wild-type Hel2 (~1.8-fold for Hel2 1-543 and~1.9fold for Hel2 ). Both truncated proteins also purified more efficiently in the CRAC procedure (~1.5-2.1-fold more efficiently for Hel2 1-543 and~2.4-8.4-fold more efficiently for Hel2 1-492 ) as determined following tobacco etch virus (TEV) elution (Supplementary Fig. | [3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38442592628&p=1pl&v=1&x=6qnjJlZN_F0RgmqDHnl0dA |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Biology_132 | "A further understanding of the regulatory cascades might not only help to design drugs that specifically enhance local salt deposition and help to combat infectious diseases," Jantsch said, "but also may lead to novel strategies to mobilize sodium stores in the aging population and prevent cardiovascular disease. | Finally, we found that increasing Na + content in the skin by a high-salt diet boosted activation of macrophages in a Nfat5-dependent manner and promoted cutaneous antimicrobial defense. | The findings, though, may lead to a supplement version of sodium in order to protect the heart and other organs from the negative impacts high-salt diets have on the body, while still achieving a positive immunal response. "A further understanding of the regulatory cascades might not only help to design drugs that specifically enhance local salt deposition and help to combat infectious diseases," Jantsch said, "but also may lead to novel strategies to mobilize sodium stores in the aging population and prevent cardiovascular disease. We also think that local application of high-salt-containing wound dressings and the development of other salt-boosting antimicrobial therapies might bear therapeutic potential." | This high-salt response resulted in elevated type-2 nitric oxide synthase (Nos2)-dependent NO production and improved Leishmania major control. Finally, we found that increasing Na + content in the skin by a high-salt diet boosted activation of macrophages in a Nfat5-dependent manner and promoted cutaneous antimicrobial defense. We suggest that the hypertonic microenvironment could serve as a barrier to infection. | [1.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/blood-pressure-and-heart-condition-risks-aside-high-salt-diets-may-improve-immune-324200 |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_133 | This association was found to be particularly strong for women. | Participants who frequently consumed instant noodles ($2 times/wk) and those in the highest quintile of the MP were younger, more likely to be current smokers, drink more alcohol, be less physically active, and have low carbohydrate intake in both genders (Table 1) . | 4: Fried food
5: Fast food including instant noodles
Consumption of instant noodles is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome
It was observed that the consumption of instant noodles was associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women which was independent of major dietary patterns. This association was found to be particularly strong for women. These changes could lead to increased mortality among South Koreans due to cardiovascular disease, along with increased health care costs. | In addition, the mean sodium intake was very high across all categories (age-standardized mean sodium intake: 6.0 g in men, 4.2 g in women). Participants who frequently consumed instant noodles ($2 times/wk) and those in the highest quintile of the MP were younger, more likely to be current smokers, drink more alcohol, be less physically active, and have low carbohydrate intake in both genders (Table 1) . Interestingly, although participants in the highest quintile of the MP had a higher education/income level than participants in the lowest quintile, frequent consumers of instant noodles had lower educational/income levels than did infrequent instant noodle consumers. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.emaxhealth.com/11402/eating-too-many-instant-noodles-could-cause-metabolic-syndrome |
10.1111/1365-2656.12871 | Biology_136 | Rabbits that survive infection with MYXV virus have lower rates of survival than rabbits not yet infected," says Dr. Wells. | The threat of diseases to wildlife populations, and the efficiency of pathogens as biocontrol agents, can only be evaluated with an adequate understanding of how different components F I G U R E 2 Estimated average changes in monthly survival rates of rabbits in different disease states, namely (i) susceptible to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and immune to myxoma virus (MYXV) (red bars), (ii) susceptible to MYXV and immune to RHDV (blue bars), (iii) susceptible to both RHDV and MYXV (green bars) and (iv) young rabbits <90 days old of various disease states, including individuals with maternal antibodies against RHDV and/ or MYXV (purple bars). | "By explicitly modelling the complex way that diseases behave in rabbit populations we found an unexpected result. Rabbits that survive infection with MYXV virus have lower rates of survival than rabbits not yet infected," says Dr. Wells. "This is important because it confirms that MYXV virus weakens animals so that they have a lower resistance when subsequently exposed to RHDV disease. | Capture rates in most capture sessions were <40% and varied over time (Supporting Information Figure S9 ), likely explaining why uncertainty in the estimates of individual disease states and the time-specific disease effect on rabbit survival led to large credible intervals. The threat of diseases to wildlife populations, and the efficiency of pathogens as biocontrol agents, can only be evaluated with an adequate understanding of how different components F I G U R E 2 Estimated average changes in monthly survival rates of rabbits in different disease states, namely (i) susceptible to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and immune to myxoma virus (MYXV) (red bars), (ii) susceptible to MYXV and immune to RHDV (blue bars), (iii) susceptible to both RHDV and MYXV (green bars) and (iv) young rabbits <90 days old of various disease states, including individuals with maternal antibodies against RHDV and/ or MYXV (purple bars). We show that despite a strongly seasonal force of infection (FoI) for RHDV and MYXV, it is likely that susceptible rabbits can be infected (at least at low levels) throughout the year, having implications for rabbit conservation and biocontrol. | [3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 2.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34506942217&p=1pl&v=1&x=OCP5j07SbNKK_Tx7JPH1Dw |
10.1210/en.2015-2036 | Biology_138 | They found that in cases in which vitamin D was lacking from the diet or in which cells were missing much of the VDR protein, tumor cells expressed more of a gene called ID1, which has been shown to play a role in breast cancer metastasis. | We also discovered that, although circulating 25(OH)D has many systemic effects (1), a critical mechanism for vitamin D signaling to inhibit BCa progression is a tumor autonomous activity that suppresses Id1 expression. | In contrast, none of the tumors in the 10 mice that received unmodified 168FARN cells spread to the liver during the study period. They found that in cases in which vitamin D was lacking from the diet or in which cells were missing much of the VDR protein, tumor cells expressed more of a gene called ID1, which has been shown to play a role in breast cancer metastasis. Further investigation showed that VDR binds directly to a stretch of DNA near the ID1 gene and suppresses its expression in both mouse and human cells. | Further, we discovered that attenuated vitamin D signaling due to Vdr ablation enhances tumor progression and, importantly, is sufficient to enable metastases, which are the primary cause of treatment failure and death for patients with BCa. We also discovered that, although circulating 25(OH)D has many systemic effects (1), a critical mechanism for vitamin D signaling to inhibit BCa progression is a tumor autonomous activity that suppresses Id1 expression. Interestingly, Sherman et al found a tumor cell nonautonomous mechanism for VDR signaling to inhibit pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression and Fernandez-Garcia et al found that calcitriol induces, rather than inhibits, Id1 expression in a colon carcinoma cell line. | [3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 1.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://www.science20.com/news_articles/vitamin_d_deficiency_contributes_to_spread_of_breast_cancer_in_mice_stanford_study_finds-167109 |
10.1038/ncomms4632 | Biology_139 | The researchers address two major issues for nanomotors so far: assembly and controls. | The nanomotors, with all the dimensions o1 mm, can robustly rotate for 15 h for 4240,000 cycles and were demonstrated for controllable biochemical release. | "We believe it will help advance the study of drug delivery and cell-to-cell communications." The researchers address two major issues for nanomotors so far: assembly and controls. The researchers found that they could position the nanomotors in a pattern and move them in a synchronized fashion, which makes them more powerful and gives them more flexibility. | Also, limited by the characteristics of natural molecular motors, the devices could not alter either their rotation or speed. The nanomotors, with all the dimensions o1 mm, can robustly rotate for 15 h for 4240,000 cycles and were demonstrated for controllable biochemical release. The innovation in this research may inspire multiple research fields including MEMS/NEMS, bio-NEMS, micro/nanofluidics and lab-on-a-chip architecture. | [1.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140520123441.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1186/s40168-015-0071-z | Biology_14 | The researchers emphasized that the finding does not suggest that breast milk from mothers without an active copy of the gene is less nourishing or healthy. | Results: On average, bifidobacteria were established earlier and more often in infants fed by secretor mothers than in infants fed by non-secretor mothers. | The research may have applications in a clinical setting for protecting premature infants from a range of intestinal diseases including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a condition that is the second most common cause of death among premature infants in the United States. The researchers emphasized that the finding does not suggest that breast milk from mothers without an active copy of the gene is less nourishing or healthy. Rather, it conveys the subtle and elegant choreography of one part of the human microbiome: The relationships between the mothers' genetics, the composition of her breast milk and the development of thier infants' gut microbiota. | Results: On average, bifidobacteria were established earlier and more often in infants fed by secretor mothers than in infants fed by non-secretor mothers. In secretor-fed infants, the relative abundance of the Bifidobacterium longum group was most strongly correlated with high percentages of the order Bifidobacteriales. Conversely, in non-secretor-fed infants, Bifidobacterium breve was positively correlated with Bifidobacteriales, while the B. longum group was negatively correlated. | [3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.25 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/genetics-birth-defects/62224-a-mother-s-genes-can-influence-the-bacteria-in-her-baby-s-gut-researchers-at-uc-davis-have-found.html |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.034 | Biology_140 | The CDK12 mutant tumors also displayed characteristic copy number and mutational signatures, which characterized the tumors as distinct from the HRD or MMRD type of prostate cancer. | CDK12 mutant cases are associated with elevated neoantigen burden ensuing from fusion-induced chimeric open reading frames and increased tumor T cell infiltration/clonal expansion. | The CDK12 mutants in addition exhibited a distinct transcriptional phenotype and a shift from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism, which is a hallmark of many types of cancer, but is generally not characteristic of most prostate cancers, they add. The CDK12 mutant tumors also displayed characteristic copy number and mutational signatures, which characterized the tumors as distinct from the HRD or MMRD type of prostate cancer. "In particular, CDK12-mutants are different from tumors with HRD, which was previously presumed to be the pathway through which CDK12 regulated genomic instability," they point out. | CDK12 mutant cases are baseline diploid and do not exhibit DNA mutational signatures linked to defects in homologous recombination. CDK12 mutant cases are associated with elevated neoantigen burden ensuing from fusion-induced chimeric open reading frames and increased tumor T cell infiltration/clonal expansion. FTDs associated with CDK12 loss result in highly recurrent gains at loci of genes involved in the cell cycle and DNA replication. | [3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34304544254&p=1pl&v=1&x=4ldt3u_6ItGR2RE2UuBujA |
10.1038/ncomms4632 | Biology_141 | The team's three-part nanomotor can rapidly mix and pump biochemicals and move through liquids, which is important for future applications. | The demonstration of nanomotors for biochemical release as shown above is still in a non-bioenvironment. | The team's nanomotor is an important step toward developing miniature machines that could one day move through the body to administer insulin for diabetics when needed, or target and treat cancer cells without harming good cells. The team's three-part nanomotor can rapidly mix and pump biochemicals and move through liquids, which is important for future applications. Fan and her team are the first to achieve the extremely difficult goal of designing a nanomotor with large driving power. | Such molecule release mechanism is applicable not only to Raman-sensitive molecules but also to any biochemicals of interests, such as drugs, cytokine, DNA, antigens and antibodies. The demonstration of nanomotors for biochemical release as shown above is still in a non-bioenvironment. More experiments are necessary to study the applications and limitations of nanomotors in a biosetting. | [1.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.333333 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140520123441.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1126/sciadv.aau1291 | Biology_142 | This way of delivering drugs also has the advantage of not increasing the local pressure where the drug exits the device because the drug molecules are not in a solvent - they exit the device "dry". | This "dry" delivery enables precise drug release into the brain region with negligible local pressure increase. | We show that the implant can treat problems in the brain, such as epileptic seizures, by delivering brain chemicals - known as neurotransmitters - directly to the cells in the brain that cause the problem. This way of delivering drugs also has the advantage of not increasing the local pressure where the drug exits the device because the drug molecules are not in a solvent - they exit the device "dry". This stopped the seizures. | We demonstrate the utility of direct in situ electrophoretic drug delivery to treat neurological disorders. This "dry" delivery enables precise drug release into the brain region with negligible local pressure increase. The therapeutic potential of the FIP probe is tested in a rodent model of epilepsy. | [4.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.25 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34961518391&p=1pl&v=1&x=gYock5HcirAl4GI18svsfA |
10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.013 | Biology_143 | Additional calculations revealed that the propulsive force generated by bacterial motility is stronger than the forces imposed on bacteria by flow, suggesting that the microbes may use rotating internal structures called flagella to actively migrate along blood vessel walls and exit the vasculature to reach specific tissues, even under the force conditions generated by blood flow. | Furthermore, we found that the forces imposed on adhesive bonds under flow may be small enough to permit active migration driven by bacterial flagellar motors. | This repeating cycle allowed the bacteria to stably move over the endothelial surface at a constant overall speed, similar to the way immune cells called leukocytes move through blood vessels. Additional calculations revealed that the propulsive force generated by bacterial motility is stronger than the forces imposed on bacteria by flow, suggesting that the microbes may use rotating internal structures called flagella to actively migrate along blood vessel walls and exit the vasculature to reach specific tissues, even under the force conditions generated by blood flow. "The ability of Lyme disease bacteria to disseminate using the network of rivers and streams provided by the bloodstream, and the ability to catch onto the banks of these rivers and streams, would likely be very important for spreading throughout the body, because they can overcome the barrier to dissemination caused by blood flow," says first author Rhodaba Ebady of the University of Toronto. | Here, we show that endothelial interactions of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi under physiological shear stress mechanistically resemble selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling. Furthermore, we found that the forces imposed on adhesive bonds under flow may be small enough to permit active migration driven by bacterial flagellar motors. These findings provide insight into the biomechanics of bacterial-vascular interactions and demonstrate that disseminating bacteria and circulating host immune cells share widely conserved mechanisms for interacting with endothelia under physiological shear stress. | [4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3.4 | news | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160825130027.htm |
10.1073/pnas.1504869112 | Biology_144 | "It suggests that over the decades to come, lianas could increasingly suppress the ability of tropical forests to sequester carbon." | These studies indicated that the presence of lianas can reduce stand-level biomass growth by ∼10% and net forest biomass accumulation by up to 18% and that forest carbon stocks decrease with increasing liana abundance ( . | The study will be useful in guiding scientists working to predict the trajectory of carbon storage as atmospheric concentrations rise, and it may help explain recent observations that the carbon storage capacity of tropical forests is declining. "This is the first time the effect of lianas on carbon cycling has been shown in such detail and on a large scale," Powers says. "It suggests that over the decades to come, lianas could increasingly suppress the ability of tropical forests to sequester carbon." | The increase in lianas, combined with the observations that lianas can reduce individual tree growth by up to 84% and increase tree mortality risk two-to three-fold , has made it pertinent to investigate the effect of lianas on forest-level biomass dynamics to better predict the effect of increasing liana abundance on tropical forests. These studies indicated that the presence of lianas can reduce stand-level biomass growth by ∼10% and net forest biomass accumulation by up to 18% and that forest carbon stocks decrease with increasing liana abundance ( . Nonetheless, these initial studies indicate that increasing liana abundance may alter the carbon balance and cycle of tropical forests by reducing forestlevel carbon storage and sequestration. | [5.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 4.4 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/PUyOGba13Ho/ |
10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.058 | Biology_145 | "The requirement of MRN for sensing both cellular and viral genome breaks has profound consequences," says O'Shea. | MRN senses and binds to early replicating virus genomes where it recruits ATM and activates a localized signaling response that selectively prevents virus genome replication. | This means the virus is effectively ignored while the cell responds to the more massive alarm. "The requirement of MRN for sensing both cellular and viral genome breaks has profound consequences," says O'Shea. "When MRN is recruited to cellular DNA breaks, it can no longer sense and respond to incoming viral genomes. | The localized MRN-ATM response provides an elegant mechanism to selectively neutralize viral replication without jeopardizing cellular replication and viability. MRN senses and binds to early replicating virus genomes where it recruits ATM and activates a localized signaling response that selectively prevents virus genome replication. In WT Ad5-infected cells, E1B-55K and E4-ORF3 inactivate MRN and enable virus genome replication. | [2.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.333333 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/cancers/66433-the-dna-damage-response-goes-viral-a-way-in-for-new-cancer-treatments.html |
10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.016 | Biology_146 | The presence of another fish that is not socially engaged is insufficient to trigger interaction regardless of their proximity, a finding that mirrors reciprocal social interaction in humans. | Our data show that social engagement in zebrafish requires a behavioral visual stimulus provided by another socially engaged fish. | Eventually, the research team concluded that zebrafish copy each other's motions and are dependent on another socially engaged fish to begin social orienting. The presence of another fish that is not socially engaged is insufficient to trigger interaction regardless of their proximity, a finding that mirrors reciprocal social interaction in humans. The research team noted that the findings "are promising for future studies into the visual circuitry required to drive social behavior." | Based on their anatomical location and gene expression patterns, these cells may be homologous to a population of lhx8-expressing, cholinergic basal forebrain neurons that is also found in mammals . Our data show that social engagement in zebrafish requires a behavioral visual stimulus provided by another socially engaged fish. We demonstrated that both pharmacological manipulation of dopaminergic systems and ablation of a portion of the ventral telencephalon produce predictable deficits in social behavior. | [1.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34657319504&p=1pl&v=1&x=IZljwk13voqosD3secxjLg |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_147 | "This research is significant since many people are consuming instant noodles without knowing possible health risks," Dr. Shin said. | Consumption of instant noodles once per week was also associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.50) but not in men. | Regardless of the gender-related findings or their causes, Dr. Shin said, the study represents the importance of understanding the foods we feed our bodies. "This research is significant since many people are consuming instant noodles without knowing possible health risks," Dr. Shin said. "My hope is that this study can lay a foundation for future research about the health effects of instant noodle consumption." | The consumption of instant noodles $2 times/wk was associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women [OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.55; P-trend < 0.01, P-interaction (gender 3 instant noodle intake) = 0.04] and marginally higher abdominal obesity in women (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 0.99, 2.21; Ptrend = 0.06) but not in men ( Table 5 ). Consumption of instant noodles once per week was also associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.50) but not in men. Further adjustment by sodium intake, estrogen use, menopause, or waist circumference also did not change the positive relation between instant noodle intake $2 times/wk and metabolic syndrome in women. | [3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0] | Biology | train | 3.8 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140812121642.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1038/s41589-018-0155-8 | Biology_148 | "The enhanced killer-T-cell activity we saw following ABHD12 deletion in the LCMV-infected mice suggests that blocking ABHD12 may enhance T-cell responses in immune suppressive environments such as chronic viral infections and cancers," Teijaro says. | 6a) , and both groups of compound-treated animals also showed similar amounts of chemokines in BALF ( Supplementary Fig. | At the same time, treatments that target ABHD12, reducing its activity and stimulating the immune system, might have even broader use. "The enhanced killer-T-cell activity we saw following ABHD12 deletion in the LCMV-infected mice suggests that blocking ABHD12 may enhance T-cell responses in immune suppressive environments such as chronic viral infections and cancers," Teijaro says. "We're certainly eager to explore those possibilities," Cravatt says. | A similar fraction (~30-40%) of DO264-and (S)-DO271treated ABHD12 -/mice died before sacrifice at day 10, consistent with the response of ABHD12 -/mice to Cl13 infection in previous experiments (Fig. 6a) , and both groups of compound-treated animals also showed similar amounts of chemokines in BALF ( Supplementary Fig. 28 ). | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37814264274&p=1pl&v=1&x=fV_-TrzPs9X1ZtNnkmq4RQ |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.034 | Biology_149 | This suggests that a precision medicine approach to prostate cancer could help better direct immunotherapy treatment. | At the transcriptional level, CDK12 mutant tumors are associated with over 300 DEGs, which makes them the most prominent molecular subtype in our analysis (Figures 2B and S4A) . | This boosts immune-fighting T-cells, which may explain why these patients benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. This suggests that a precision medicine approach to prostate cancer could help better direct immunotherapy treatment. It could also explain why some prostate cancer patients have had exceptional responses to immunotherapy while the treatment has had lackluster results overall in prostate cancer. | Overall, the genomic phenotypes of HR and CDK12 deficiency are clearly distinct. At the transcriptional level, CDK12 mutant tumors are associated with over 300 DEGs, which makes them the most prominent molecular subtype in our analysis (Figures 2B and S4A) . Perhaps most importantly for translational purposes, CDK12 mutant cases exhibit a characteristic immunophenotype. | [2.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34304617241&p=1pl&v=1&x=JkbWFHiGsGoeqOJxN0A0-A |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_15 | This association was found to be particularly strong for women. | We found that the consumption of instant noodles was associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and marginally associated with abdominal obesity, independent of the major dietary patterns, in women. | 4: Fried food
5: Fast food including instant noodles
Consumption of instant noodles is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome
It was observed that the consumption of instant noodles was associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women which was independent of major dietary patterns. This association was found to be particularly strong for women. These changes could lead to increased mortality among South Koreans due to cardiovascular disease, along with increased health care costs. | As shown in previous reports, a high intake of refined carbohydrates such as white rice is known to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, therefore nullifying the possible association between the MP and hyperglycemia in our study. We found that the consumption of instant noodles was associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and marginally associated with abdominal obesity, independent of the major dietary patterns, in women. Our findings suggest that instant noodle consumption alone might confer a higher cardiometabolic risk independent of overall dietary patterns. | [1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.75 | news | http://www.emaxhealth.com/11402/eating-too-many-instant-noodles-could-cause-metabolic-syndrome |
10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.039 | Biology_150 | b-Amyloid Inhibits E-S Potentiation through Suppression of Cannabinoid Receptor1-Dependent Synaptic Disinhibition. | The present discovery of an explicit role for Ab in suppressing cannabinoid function elucidates a substrate of Alzheimer's pathology. | Madison's group was surprised to see that in small, normal concentrations, beta-amyloid tamps down on the pyramidal nerve cells and blocks them from transmitting endocannabinoids. In other words, beta-amyloid appears to prevent these cells from passing along important information to other brain cells down the line. b-Amyloid Inhibits E-S Potentiation through Suppression of Cannabinoid Receptor1-Dependent Synaptic Disinhibition. | The mechanism by which Ab disables the effects of cannabinoids on synaptic inhibition, and thus disrupts plasticity, may explain learning and memory deficits in AD that occur in otherwise healthy neural circuits prior to AD-related neuronal cell death. The present discovery of an explicit role for Ab in suppressing cannabinoid function elucidates a substrate of Alzheimer's pathology. Thus, this newfound knowledge may advance understanding of the causes of Alzheimer's symptomatology and open new avenues for therapeutic intervention and improvement not only for memory in the earlier stages of the disease, but for the progression of the disease itself. | [4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.4 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/if-blocked-endocannabinoids-trigger-dementia-symptoms-could-cannabis-prevent-alzheimers-288806 |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Biology_151 | That opens the possibility that salt may be an unrecognized contributor to the immune system, and possibly a remnant from the days before antibiotics, when mammals, including humans, needed some allies in the fight against microbes. | HSD-LysM | The mice fed the higher amounts of sodium showed stronger immune responses to the wounds, and cleared their infections faster than the mice eating less salt. That opens the possibility that salt may be an unrecognized contributor to the immune system, and possibly a remnant from the days before antibiotics, when mammals, including humans, needed some allies in the fight against microbes. "I really think salt is an unappreciated factor of immunity," says Jantsch. | HSD-control mice had significantly reduced L. major load in the skin ( Figure 4D ). HSD-LysM Cre Nfat5 fl/fl mice only showed a tendency (p = 0.058) toward L. major load reduction and tended to have higher L. major burden than controls (p = 0.078). | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.25 | news | http://time.com/3730061/the-weird-benefit-of-eating-salty-food/ |
10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.007 | Biology_152 | The most important discovery of this study is a human antibody that can bind to a highly conserved region of the virus common among different strains of norovirus, potentially neutralizing all GII.4 strains of norovirus that exist in nature. | These findings suggest that the serological IgG response to human norovirus vaccination is largely dominated by the boosting of a limited number of pre-existing antibody clonotypes. | "This information can now be used to build better human vaccines." The most important discovery of this study is a human antibody that can bind to a highly conserved region of the virus common among different strains of norovirus, potentially neutralizing all GII.4 strains of norovirus that exist in nature. Highly conserved regions are parts of the virus that do not change. | The anti-GII.4c serological repertoire was predominantly comprised of antibodies using the immunoglobulin heavy variable 3 (IGHV3) family ($80%; Figure 1F ) compared to $30% in naive or mature B cells Mroczek et al., 2014) . These findings suggest that the serological IgG response to human norovirus vaccination is largely dominated by the boosting of a limited number of pre-existing antibody clonotypes. These included the top most abundant clonotypes in donors A and C (A379 and C601), two strongly boosted pre-existing clones (A101 and A1431, boosted by 123 and 1263, respectively, in terms of abundance in the post-vaccination serum relative to day 0), and six emergent antibodies ( Figure 1B . | [4.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.666667 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39490550792&p=1pl&v=1&x=jZsW-0WrF4cY8V2Qpk9zfA |
10.1111/1365-2656.12871 | Biology_155 | Rabbits that survive infection with MYXV virus have lower rates of survival than rabbits not yet infected," says Dr. Wells. | Relatively constant rates of RHDV-and MYXV-induced mortality and infection rates over time are likely to be the result of strongly coupled coevolutionary changes in host resistance and tolerance and pathogen invasiveness, each working to keep the other at bay. | "By explicitly modelling the complex way that diseases behave in rabbit populations we found an unexpected result. Rabbits that survive infection with MYXV virus have lower rates of survival than rabbits not yet infected," says Dr. Wells. "This is important because it confirms that MYXV virus weakens animals so that they have a lower resistance when subsequently exposed to RHDV disease. | However, this is despite the viruses having devastating impacts on rabbit survival when the epidemics first occurred, likely because initial disease dynamics are often transient and differ from long-term outcomes ). Relatively constant rates of RHDV-and MYXV-induced mortality and infection rates over time are likely to be the result of strongly coupled coevolutionary changes in host resistance and tolerance and pathogen invasiveness, each working to keep the other at bay. It might be that virulence of both viruses in the study population is being maintained at an optimum (assuming that viruses track changes in host resistance as they are capable of fast selection and genetic changes due to fast replication), which is most efficient for viral spread. | [2.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.333333 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34506942217&p=1pl&v=1&x=OCP5j07SbNKK_Tx7JPH1Dw |
10.1038/s41467-018-08278-4 | Biology_156 | If we are eventually to develop treatments to replace lost limbs, the BMP2 and BMP9 proteins may well have something to do with it. | Here we demonstrate that treating non-regenerative digit amputation wounds with BMP9 stimulates the regeneration of joint structures. | It's a fascinating area of science, and we're learning a lot from lab-grown organs about how the process might be triggered more naturally. If we are eventually to develop treatments to replace lost limbs, the BMP2 and BMP9 proteins may well have something to do with it. "These findings provide further support for the view that cells of a non-regenerative mammalian amputation wound retain the positional information necessary to re-build structures removed by amputation," conclude the researchers. | During joint development the formation of the synovial cavity is central to joint morphogenesis , and synovial cavity formation fails in digits that lack the BMP antagonist Noggin , suggesting that regulation of BMP signaling is required for joint morphogenesis. Here we demonstrate that treating non-regenerative digit amputation wounds with BMP9 stimulates the regeneration of joint structures. Further, we show that BMP9-induced joint regeneration requires the proteoglycan 4 (Prg4) gene. | [4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.8 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38466420113&p=1pl&v=1&x=IqxylWeo6-sJ6dtu0xtBJQ |
10.1038/s41467-017-01957-8 | Biology_157 | Less diversity
In addition, the researchers demonstrated that predator diversity decreases when there is a dynamical trade-off. | Thus, the prey diversity increases with an increasing m, which holds both for prey evolution and predator-prey coevolution. | In contrast, if the predator cannot adapt, the prey requires fewer resources for defence and can invest more in producing progeny", explains Becks. Less diversity
In addition, the researchers demonstrated that predator diversity decreases when there is a dynamical trade-off. The ciliates thus develop fewer different types in order to adapt to bacterial associations and biofilms. | When m increases, defense becomes cheaper and multiple prey types with different g values coexist (see Supplementary Figs. Thus, the prey diversity increases with an increasing m, which holds both for prey evolution and predator-prey coevolution. However, for a given m, the prey diversity is lower with coevolution ( Fig. | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 2.2 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/5JFO6NDeMfE/ |
10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.03.019 | Biology_158 | The differences between male and female iPS cells are most pronounced for one of the key processes in the field of epigenetics: DNA methylation, a modification that changes the activity of a DNA segment without changing its sequence. | Our study reveals that key regulatory regions associated with the control of cell identity genes are prone to changes in DNA methylation in reprogramming intermediates in both male and female cells. | We now know that this explains the different behaviour of male and female cells after reprogramming because, over time, female cells lose one of the two X chromosomes and start behaving more or less like male iPS cells." The differences between male and female iPS cells are most pronounced for one of the key processes in the field of epigenetics: DNA methylation, a modification that changes the activity of a DNA segment without changing its sequence. The researchers found that DNA methylations are erased in female iPS cells but not in male cells. | Nevertheless we found instances in which a single CpG within an ESC super-enhancer became hypomethylated in both female SSEA1 À and SSEA1 + intermediates, as well as in female iPSCs, but not in female MEFs, for example bordering the miR290-295 cluster ( Figure S4B ). Our study reveals that key regulatory regions associated with the control of cell identity genes are prone to changes in DNA methylation in reprogramming intermediates in both male and female cells. Nevertheless, we found that many CpGs, particularly those in enhancer elements, which are thought to play key roles for the maintenance of cell identity , change their methylation status earlier in reprogramming. | [5.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3.8 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33847856937&p=1pl&v=1&x=vV_Dne2GAjTKIkp14dSTOw |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3008325 | Biology_160 | The rats walked more than 1,000 steps without failure, and could also climb staircases of various heights and lengths with fluid movements. | Animals with complete spinal cord injury performed more than 1000 successive steps without failure, and were able to climb staircases of various heights and lengths with precision and fluidity. | The investigators discovered a direct relationship between the frequency of electrical stimulation and how high rats lifted their limbs. The rats walked more than 1,000 steps without failure, and could also climb staircases of various heights and lengths with fluid movements. The scientists are planning a clinical trial that could start next summer to test such robot-assisted rehabilitation in patients with partially severed spinal cords. | These developments allowed us to conceive a neuroprosthetic system that controlled a broad range of foot trajectories during continuous locomotion in paralyzed rats. Animals with complete spinal cord injury performed more than 1000 successive steps without failure, and were able to climb staircases of various heights and lengths with precision and fluidity. Beyond therapeutic potential, these findings provide a conceptual and technical framework to personalize neuromodulation treatments for other neurological disorders. | [2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0] | Biology | train | 3.8 | news | http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/nueroscience/prosthetics-are-telling-paralyzed-leg-how-to-walk-again-17243055 |
10.1098/rstb.2008.0288 | Biology_161 | It seemed that the longer someone had been driving a taxi, the larger his hippocampus, as though the brain expanded to accommodate the cognitive demands of navigating London's streets. | In line with the pattern of behavioural tests, it seems that the structural brain changes observed in taxi drivers in our previous studies may also reverse in retired taxi drivers. | In other words, taxi drivers had plumper memory centers than their peers. It seemed that the longer someone had been driving a taxi, the larger his hippocampus, as though the brain expanded to accommodate the cognitive demands of navigating London's streets. But it was also possible that The Knowledge selected for people whose memory centers were larger than average in the first place. | It may be that with a longer period of retirement, performance on tests such as the Rey Figure would normalize entirely. In line with the pattern of behavioural tests, it seems that the structural brain changes observed in taxi drivers in our previous studies may also reverse in retired taxi drivers. Full-time taxi drivers had significantly greater grey matter volume in the posterior hippocampus than retired taxi drivers, who had greater volume in this region than the non-taxi driver retired control participants (figure 6d ). | [2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.8 | news | http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=london-taxi-memory |
10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.030 | Biology_162 | Besides regulating the amount of melanin that gets made in the skin, MC1R also controls how well melanocytes can repair their DNA from UV damage. | Pretreatment of cells with MSH reduced UV-induced mutagenesis in MC1R wild type cells but failed to affect mutation rates in MC1R mutant lines ( Figure 4A ). | This leads to more UV light chronically getting through to the sensitive layers of the epidermis, where it can contribute to cancer. Besides regulating the amount of melanin that gets made in the skin, MC1R also controls how well melanocytes can repair their DNA from UV damage. Having defects in MC1R signaling delays the body's ability to clear out existing DNA damage in the skin -- leading to an increased potential for cancerous mutations. | MC1R mutant cell lines exhibited higher mutation rates when compared to MC1R wild-type cells. Pretreatment of cells with MSH reduced UV-induced mutagenesis in MC1R wild type cells but failed to affect mutation rates in MC1R mutant lines ( Figure 4A ). In contrast, forskolin pre-treatment suppressed UV-induced mutagenesis in every cell line tested, irrespective of MC1R status. | [2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140715141753.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1073/pnas.1405000111 | Biology_164 | Previously, more species in the tropics led to the assumption that temperate, migratory species are derived from tropical, nonmigratory ancestors; however, the results of our phylogenetic study suggest that the opposite pattern happened often in this group." | We also show that major lineages of tropical, sedentary emberizoids are derived from northern, migratory ancestors. | Another result of the study suggests that many tropical species of birds are descendants of migratory ancestors that lost migration and stayed in the tropics year-round. "This is an interesting result because species diversity in this group is much higher in the tropics. Previously, more species in the tropics led to the assumption that temperate, migratory species are derived from tropical, nonmigratory ancestors; however, the results of our phylogenetic study suggest that the opposite pattern happened often in this group." | This result contrasts with a dominant paradigm that hypothesized migration evolving out of the tropics via shifts of the breeding ranges. We also show that major lineages of tropical, sedentary emberizoids are derived from northern, migratory ancestors. In these lineages, the winter ranges served as a biogeographic conduit for temperate-to-tropical colonization: winter-range shifts toward the tropics during the evolution of long-distance migration often preceded southward shifts of breeding ranges, the loss of migration, and in situ tropical diversification. | [4.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3.666667 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140804151419.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_165 | "My hope is that this study can lay a foundation for future research about the health effects of instant noodle consumption." | In our study, the association between instant noodles and metabolic syndrome differed significantly between genders, and there was no effect modification of this association by age, BMI, or physical activity. | "This research is significant since many people are consuming instant noodles without knowing possible health risks," Dr. Shin said. "My hope is that this study can lay a foundation for future research about the health effects of instant noodle consumption." Dr. Shin added that the study's health implications could be substantial - particularly if it leads to people choosing healthier foods. | Even though measurements of the glycemic index of instant noodles varied among studies , the overall glycemic load of instant noodles is high, given their high carbohydrate content ( ( . In our study, the association between instant noodles and metabolic syndrome differed significantly between genders, and there was no effect modification of this association by age, BMI, or physical activity. The positive association between instant noodles and metabolic syndrome seen in younger, more active, and leaner women suggests that the hazards of instant noodles might not be overcome by the beneficial health effects of increased physical activity, weight loss, and young age. | [3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 3.25 | news | http://www.newswise.com/articles/can-instant-noodles-lead-to-heart-disease-diabetes-and-stroke |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Biology_168 | The task force also "concluded that violent video game use is a risk factor for adverse outcomes, but found insufficient studies to examine any potential link between violent video game use and delinquency or criminal behavior." | Results from these confirmatory analyses provided evidence that adolescents' recent violent video game play is not a statistically or practically significant correlate of their aggressive behaviour as judged by carers. | That task force "found that violent video game exposure was associated with: an increased composite aggression score; increased aggressive behavior; increased aggressive cognitions; increased aggressive affect, increased desensitization, and decreased empathy; and increased physiological arousal." The task force also "concluded that violent video game use is a risk factor for adverse outcomes, but found insufficient studies to examine any potential link between violent video game use and delinquency or criminal behavior." In Przybylski and Weinstein's review of prior literature, the two researchers strongly argue that earlier research is beset with such problems. | Keeping in mind the steps taken to ensure methodological rigour, the current results bear directly on the contentious literature surrounding games. Results from these confirmatory analyses provided evidence that adolescents' recent violent video game play is not a statistically or practically significant correlate of their aggressive behaviour as judged by carers. Preregistered sensitivity and exploratory analyses demonstrated this finding was consistent across three different operationalizations of violent game content and two ways of measuring key adolescent behaviours relating to aggressive and prosocial behaviours. | [5.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38538076628&p=1pl&v=1&x=7Ko5INusmGh9TtCxVKqTtA |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.034 | Biology_17 | Identifying specific mutation-associated neoantigens could thus feasibly lead to the development of personalized tumor vaccines. | These findings gave rise to a number of clinical trials for several classes of immunotherapeutics, which have been met with mixed results. | Significantly, CDK12-mutated tumors also harbored higher numbers of surface neoantigens, which act to recruit immune-fighting T cells, a finding that may explain why this subtype of cancer is more susceptible to immune checkpoint blockade, and so why some patients do benefit from immune checkpoint blockade, the team suggests. Identifying specific mutation-associated neoantigens could thus feasibly lead to the development of personalized tumor vaccines. "Perhaps most importantly for translational purposes, CDK12 mutant cases exhibit a characteristic immunophenotype....CDK12 mutant tumors show high overall immune infiltration, increased levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphotyces, and altered chemokine signalling. | In line with this possibility, high levels of CCL21 and CCL25 may mediate dendritic cell tumor trafficking and neoantigen-specific T cell clonal expansion (Chan et al., 1999; Gosling et al., 2000; . These findings gave rise to a number of clinical trials for several classes of immunotherapeutics, which have been met with mixed results. A plausible explanation is in the genetics of prostate cancer. | [4.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34304544254&p=1pl&v=1&x=4ldt3u_6ItGR2RE2UuBujA |
10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.016 | Biology_170 | As the project progressed, fish were exposed to non-fish objects, which failed to initiate social orienting. | We conclude from these results that another socially engaged fish is the stimulus required for social orienting and that the presence of another fish that is not socially engaged is insufficient regardless of their proximity. | Expecting to see behavioral disruptions in the drugged fish, which the researchers did, they also saw reduced orienting behaviors by the healthy fish. As the project progressed, fish were exposed to non-fish objects, which failed to initiate social orienting. Eventually, the research team concluded that zebrafish copy each other's motions and are dependent on another socially engaged fish to begin social orienting. | We placed apo-treated fish in a shortened tank that restricted their movement away from the divider and found that test fish exposed to apo-treated stimulus fish still had suppressed social orienting relative to controls (Figures 2A-2D ; p = 0.009, n = 26). We conclude from these results that another socially engaged fish is the stimulus required for social orienting and that the presence of another fish that is not socially engaged is insufficient regardless of their proximity. Orientation of the test fish and distance of the stimulus fish are highly correlated (R 2 = 0.302, p < 0.001), as is the orienting behavior of the stimulus fish (R 2 = 0.458, p < 0.001; Figures 2E and 2F ). | [4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3.75 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34657319504&p=1pl&v=1&x=IZljwk13voqosD3secxjLg |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.034 | Biology_171 | This could be a harbinger in early cancer," Chinnaiyan says. | Involved in the Cell Cycle and DNA Replication The large number of FTDs present in all CDK12 mutant tumors introduces the possibility of detecting synthetic genetic dependencies or epistasis. | "It suggests that those early stage patients who have CDK12 loss are the ones who will develop metastatic disease. This could be a harbinger in early cancer," Chinnaiyan says. This boosts immune-fighting T-cells, which may explain why these patients benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. | Notably, the expression of BRCA1 or BRCA2 was not affected by CDK12 mutational status ( Figure S4J ) and neither was the expression of other genes encoding long transcripts and cognate proteins (Figure S4K) , a class previously suggested to be regulated by CDK12 (Blazek et al., 2011) . Involved in the Cell Cycle and DNA Replication The large number of FTDs present in all CDK12 mutant tumors introduces the possibility of detecting synthetic genetic dependencies or epistasis. Using both models, we detected a total of 27 loci with recurrent focal gains at false-discovery rates of 3.5% and 5%, respectively ( Figures 4A and S5C) . | [1.0, 3.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34304617241&p=1pl&v=1&x=JkbWFHiGsGoeqOJxN0A0-A |
10.1111/1365-2656.12871 | Biology_172 | Survival rates were lowest for rabbits which survived MYXV infection and then were exposed to RHDV disease," says Dr Fordham from the University's Environment Institute. | Overall, monthly survival rates of those rabbits immune to both diseases were 92% (CI 90-93%; corresponding to annual survival rates of 28%-43%). | "The effect of RHDV disease virus on rabbits is enhanced by previous infection with MYXV virus. Survival rates were lowest for rabbits which survived MYXV infection and then were exposed to RHDV disease," says Dr Fordham from the University's Environment Institute. "The findings suggest a continuous benefit from both viruses and maximum impact on rabbit numbers if they act together." | Young rabbits, including those with maternal antibodies to either virus, had significantly lower survival rates than immune rabbits in spring (Figure 2 and Supporting Information Figure S4 ), indicating that waning protection by antibodies result in infection and potentially, mortality, later in the same year. Overall, monthly survival rates of those rabbits immune to both diseases were 92% (CI 90-93%; corresponding to annual survival rates of 28%-43%). Survival rates did not differ between males and females (odds ratio male/female 0.97, CI: 0.85-1.14). | [2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34506942217&p=1pl&v=1&x=OCP5j07SbNKK_Tx7JPH1Dw |
10.1111/gcb.13526 | Biology_173 | They attribute this boost in yield to increased photosynthesis, decreased respiration, and diversion of resources that would have been invested in more leaves than seeds. | The additional savings in roots could then be used to further increase seed yield, making our predicted yield increase estimates conservative. | They tested their prediction by removing about one third of the emerging leaves on soybeans and found an 8% increase in seed yield in replicated trials. They attribute this boost in yield to increased photosynthesis, decreased respiration, and diversion of resources that would have been invested in more leaves than seeds. "This rate is insufficient to fulfill the needs for global food security, where we need to produce 70-100% more food by 2050 to feed an estimated 9.7 billion people," said project co-lead Steve Long, Gutgsell Endowed Professor of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences at the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology at Illinois. | S7) , plants with lower LAI can potentially have fewer roots and save on root investment and maintenance costs. The additional savings in roots could then be used to further increase seed yield, making our predicted yield increase estimates conservative. Alternatively maintaining the same amount of root, yet decreasing transpiration demand, would make the crop more drought tolerant which will assume increasing importance across the Midwest as predicted climate change develops . | [2.0, 2.0, 5.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.seeddaily.com/reports/Soybean_plants_with_fewer_leaves_yield_more_999.html |
10.1111/1365-2656.12871 | Biology_175 | It shows that both myxoma (MYXV) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV) viruses have worked together to control feral rabbit populations in Australia during the last two decades. | We conclude that continuous, year-round virus perpetuation (and perhaps heterogeneity in modes of transmission and infectious doses during and after epidemics) acts to reduce the efficiency of RHDV and MYXV as biocontrol agents of rabbits | It shows that both myxoma (MYXV) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV) viruses have worked together to control feral rabbit populations in Australia during the last two decades. "By explicitly modelling the complex way that diseases behave in rabbit populations we found an unexpected result. Rabbits that survive infection with MYXV virus have lower rates of survival than rabbits not yet infected," says Dr. Wells. | There was no evidence for long-term changes in disease-induced mortality and infection rates for either RHDV or MYXV. We conclude that continuous, year-round virus perpetuation (and perhaps heterogeneity in modes of transmission and infectious doses during and after epidemics) acts to reduce the efficiency of RHDV and MYXV as biocontrol agents of rabbits If the pathogen transmission process involves heterogeneity in the dosage of exposure/inoculum, the epidemiological dynamics can change fundamentally because of dose-dependent variation in mortality rates or variation of within-host replication of the pathogen and subsequent differences of transmission dynamics . | [5.0, 5.0, 3.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34506942217&p=1pl&v=1&x=OCP5j07SbNKK_Tx7JPH1Dw |
10.1111/gcb.13276 | Biology_176 | "We want this index to be used to predict how corals might react to future bleaching events. | These standardizations are particularly important as the third pantropical bleaching event, which is expected to affect 38% of all reefs and kill >12 000 km of coral (www.globalcoralbleaching.org), is currently unfolding. | "Using very large data sets, we have teased out valuable information that will help researchers identify global trends and learn about individual corals," says coauthor Vadim Backman, professor of biomedical engineering. "We want this index to be used to predict how corals might react to future bleaching events. The index will be available online, so that data on corals can be added as they become available, making the tool even more robust. | Furthermore, the effect of the uncertainty of bleaching measurement on differential bleaching of corals identified in this study (~29%) suggests that standardization of protocols and reporting would help increase the precision of susceptibility estimates and allow a global repository of standardized bleaching surveys. These standardizations are particularly important as the third pantropical bleaching event, which is expected to affect 38% of all reefs and kill >12 000 km of coral (www.globalcoralbleaching.org), is currently unfolding. Estimates of bleaching susceptibility are fundamental to assessing the resilience potential of reef sites, which can then be used to inform management decisions . | [3.0, 1.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.75 | news | http://www.futurity.org/coral-reefs-climate-change-1138362/ |
10.1038/s41467-018-07557-4 | Biology_177 | Findings showed that the thawing permafrost will pose a significant threat to Arctic communities across the Northern Hemisphere by 2050. | More information on the strengths and weaknesses of statistical techniques in analysing permafrost in a changing climate can be found in refs 23 . | Findings showed that the thawing permafrost will pose a significant threat to Arctic communities across the Northern Hemisphere by 2050. "We show that nearly four million people and 70 percent of current infrastructure in the permafrost domain are in areas with high potential for thaw of near-surface permafrost," the team wrote. "Our results demonstrate that one-third of pan-Arctic infrastructure and 45 percent of the hydrocarbon extraction fields in the Russian Arctic are in regions where thaw-related ground instability can cause severe damage to the built environment. | On the contrary, ice-rich sites close to the melting point can experience a more substantial time lag; however, these sites have high potential for ground subsidence regardless of temperature development because of an abundance of excess ice in the soil 37 . More information on the strengths and weaknesses of statistical techniques in analysing permafrost in a changing climate can be found in refs 23 . In brief, weather stations (n = 24,542) behind the data have relatively even spatial coverage (excluding Greenland) and the temperature and precipitation records have passed a quality control scheme. | [2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37952048427&p=1pl&v=1&x=WVBbJHZ_CDGkehwcKPFvdQ |
10.1111/1365-2656.12871 | Biology_18 | Rabbits that survive infection with MYXV virus have lower rates of survival than rabbits not yet infected," says Dr. Wells. | Taken together, our results suggest that prolonged exposure of rabbits to RHDV (extending beyond seasonal outbreaks) and factors that cause variation in infection-induced mortality (such as variation in rabbit resistance to infection and virulence of the virus-the latter resulting potentially from variable modes and doses of infection) are among the likely mechanisms explaining the observed lower than expected mortality rate for RHDV at the study site. | "By explicitly modelling the complex way that diseases behave in rabbit populations we found an unexpected result. Rabbits that survive infection with MYXV virus have lower rates of survival than rabbits not yet infected," says Dr. Wells. "This is important because it confirms that MYXV virus weakens animals so that they have a lower resistance when subsequently exposed to RHDV disease. | This is because we found (i) that individuals can potentially become infected after annual epidemics; (ii) that the force of RHDV infection oscillates over the year, leading to variation in the chances individuals become infected; and (iii) the average infection-induced mortality rate (69%) at Turretfield is lower than rates reported when RHD first spread (up to 95%; ). Taken together, our results suggest that prolonged exposure of rabbits to RHDV (extending beyond seasonal outbreaks) and factors that cause variation in infection-induced mortality (such as variation in rabbit resistance to infection and virulence of the virus-the latter resulting potentially from variable modes and doses of infection) are among the likely mechanisms explaining the observed lower than expected mortality rate for RHDV at the study site. We show that the two diseases have rather different effects on rabbit survival rates. | [3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.8 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34506942217&p=1pl&v=1&x=OCP5j07SbNKK_Tx7JPH1Dw |
10.1126/sciadv.1601660 | Biology_181 | The key to printing tiny, precise, high-resolution patterns is in the amount of pressure applied to stamp the ink. | When this stamp is used to print, the excess ink spreads upon contact, resulting in greater width and corner roundness of the printed features compared to the stamp and an overall loss of pattern fidelity ( fig. | "The forests of carbon nanotubes can transfer ink onto a surface like massive numbers of tiny pen quills." The key to printing tiny, precise, high-resolution patterns is in the amount of pressure applied to stamp the ink. "We found, limited by the motor we used in the printing system, we could print at 200 millimeters per second, continuously, which is already competitive with the rates of industrial printing technologies. | However, we find that a slight amount of excess ink is present on the stamp surface. When this stamp is used to print, the excess ink spreads upon contact, resulting in greater width and corner roundness of the printed features compared to the stamp and an overall loss of pattern fidelity ( fig. When the CNT stamp is then used for printing, uniform ink transfer is achieved by relying on the formation of nanoscale contact points across the surface of each microscale stamp feature, therefore replicating the shapes of the stamp features with high accuracy. | [5.0, 5.0, 2.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3.8 | news | http://news.mit.edu/2016/stamping-technique-printable-electronics-1207 |
10.1111/1365-2656.12871 | Biology_185 | Survival rates were lowest for rabbits which survived MYXV infection and then were exposed to RHDV disease," says Dr Fordham from the University's Environment Institute. | If so, this has important implications for the use of these viruses as biocontrol agents for rabbits in their invasive range because these feedback processes carry long-term benefits for invasive species management, by maintaining negligible losses of virus virulence. | "The effect of RHDV disease virus on rabbits is enhanced by previous infection with MYXV virus. Survival rates were lowest for rabbits which survived MYXV infection and then were exposed to RHDV disease," says Dr Fordham from the University's Environment Institute. "The findings suggest a continuous benefit from both viruses and maximum impact on rabbit numbers if they act together." | It might be that virulence of both viruses in the study population is being maintained at an optimum (assuming that viruses track changes in host resistance as they are capable of fast selection and genetic changes due to fast replication), which is most efficient for viral spread. If so, this has important implications for the use of these viruses as biocontrol agents for rabbits in their invasive range because these feedback processes carry long-term benefits for invasive species management, by maintaining negligible losses of virus virulence. Our results suggest that heterogeneity in key factors such as mode and dose of virus transmission, and/or the infection process, may reduce the efficiency of RHDV as a biocontrol agent at the population level, independent of the virulence of the virus. | [3.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34506942217&p=1pl&v=1&x=OCP5j07SbNKK_Tx7JPH1Dw |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Biology_186 | "We found adolescents were not more or less likely to engage in aggressive or prosocial behaviours as a function of the amount of time they devoted to playing violent games," they report. | As a result, we did not split data at an inflection point value or conduct the additional regression tests required to test if the nonlinear relationship between the time participants spends playing violent video games and aggression followed a step function like those found in other large-scale media effects research . | In Przybylski and Weinstein's review of prior literature, the two researchers strongly argue that earlier research is beset with such problems. "We found adolescents were not more or less likely to engage in aggressive or prosocial behaviours as a function of the amount of time they devoted to playing violent games," they report. Przybylski and Weinstein add, "This pattern of findings further suggests that links reported in the literature might be influenced by publication bias, selective reporting, or an artefact of unobserved or hidden moderators." | This was not possible because the parabolic term was not significant ( p ¼ 0.624), and as such we did not have an empirical basis to calculate the local extrema as planned. As a result, we did not split data at an inflection point value or conduct the additional regression tests required to test if the nonlinear relationship between the time participants spends playing violent video games and aggression followed a step function like those found in other large-scale media effects research . These results did not support the idea that there is a critical amount of violent video game play which serves as a tipping point for aggressive behaviour. | [3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 2.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38538076628&p=1pl&v=1&x=7Ko5INusmGh9TtCxVKqTtA |
10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.004 | Biology_187 | These drugs also might have broader therapeutic value for patients with mental health issues. | Mirroring this molecular response, high-irradiance light pulses greater than 1 hr cease to have a phase-shifting effect upon the murine clock. | The findings reveal a little bit more about how our internal clocks function. In addition, the research could pave the way for drugs that could bring bodies in tune with the solar cycle more quickly. These drugs also might have broader therapeutic value for patients with mental health issues. | For example, under extended illumination, Per1 mRNA light-induction peaks after $1 hr and then returns to baseline , indicating CREB transcription is arrested one hour after it is induced. Mirroring this molecular response, high-irradiance light pulses greater than 1 hr cease to have a phase-shifting effect upon the murine clock. This saturation of the response suggests the presence of an unidentified negative-feedback mechanism that effectively limits the magnitude of phase-shifting responses to light within the SCN. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.2 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/9204/20130902/what-causes-jet-lag-internal-clock-slow-change-time.htm |
10.1186/s40168-015-0071-z | Biology_188 | The study found that, on average, Bifidobacterium were established earlier and more frequently in infants fed by women with an active copy of the gene, the secretors, than without one, the non-secretors. | It may be that the deficit in bifidobacteria that nonsecretor-fed infants experience is due to the likelihood of acquiring a species of bifidobacteria with metabolic abilities appropriate for the type of milk being consumed. | The relationship between human genetics, breast milk and Bifidobacterium appears to have developed throughout mammalian evolution. The study found that, on average, Bifidobacterium were established earlier and more frequently in infants fed by women with an active copy of the gene, the secretors, than without one, the non-secretors. The authors found that the intestinal tracts of infants fed by non-secretor mothers are delayed in establishing a bifidobacteria-dominated microbiota. | Understanding the mechanism behind these differences will prove crucial to potentially compensating for this problem, perhaps through carefully chosen prebiotics and/or probiotics. It may be that the deficit in bifidobacteria that nonsecretor-fed infants experience is due to the likelihood of acquiring a species of bifidobacteria with metabolic abilities appropriate for the type of milk being consumed. As modern hygiene standards and other cultural practices may lead to a reduction in the exposure levels to different bifidobacterial species, the phenomenon of the low bifidobacteria infant might be an artefact of developed countries. | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150409143035.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1098/rsos.180695 | Biology_19 | There was some variation in American responses. | North American homes were most similar in climate to the outdoor conditions of west central Kenya (C ¼ 2.938). | The survey of U.S. indoor climate preferences in 37 states shows that, on average, Americans keep their home climate similar to the outdoor climate of northeast Africa, with outdoor conditions in west central Kenya the most similar to conditions in American homes. There was some variation in American responses. For example, citizens in North Carolina reported indoor conditions most like those in Namibia, which is in southern Africa and south of the equator. | The value distributions of the climate variables used in the climate dissimilarity index can be viewed in figure 1. North American homes were most similar in climate to the outdoor conditions of west central Kenya (C ¼ 2.938). The mean maximum temperature (average of all seasons) in the North American homes was 25.358C compared with 25.068C for the conditions outdoors in west central Kenya. | [1.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38805436297&p=1pl&v=1&x=l29ocjlrSI4rkPLPT2Hygw |
10.1098/rsos.180695 | Biology_191 | Interestingly, citizen scientists in Alaska also reported indoor conditions most similar to those in Namibia. | When humans adjust the climates within their homes, it is unlikely that most are consciously attempting to emulate the climatic conditions of some outdoor location in another country or continent. | For example, citizens in North Carolina reported indoor conditions most like those in Namibia, which is in southern Africa and south of the equator. Interestingly, citizen scientists in Alaska also reported indoor conditions most similar to those in Namibia. "Only three states reported indoor conditions that were most similar to non-African outdoor conditions. | The mean vapour pressure was 12.58 hPa for North American homes and was similar to the outdoor conditions in west central Kenya (12.96 hPa). When humans adjust the climates within their homes, it is unlikely that most are consciously attempting to emulate the climatic conditions of some outdoor location in another country or continent. Instead, they are almost certainly attempting to achieve climatic conditions that result in thermal comfort. | [3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38805436297&p=1pl&v=1&x=l29ocjlrSI4rkPLPT2Hygw |
10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.030 | Biology_192 | Having defects in MC1R signaling delays the body's ability to clear out existing DNA damage in the skin -- leading to an increased potential for cancerous mutations. | , MC1R signaling also protects melanocytes against carcinogenesis independent of pigmentation . | Besides regulating the amount of melanin that gets made in the skin, MC1R also controls how well melanocytes can repair their DNA from UV damage. Having defects in MC1R signaling delays the body's ability to clear out existing DNA damage in the skin -- leading to an increased potential for cancerous mutations. "If you happen to be born with a problem in this MC1R hormonal pathway, then you need to be extra careful with respect to UV safety." | Together, these data identify that the Ser435 residue is a direct target of PKA and that its phosphorylation specifically enhances repair of UV-induced DNA damage. , MC1R signaling also protects melanocytes against carcinogenesis independent of pigmentation . Mediated by robust cAMP second messenger generation, MC1R signaling enhances the rate of clearance of UVinduced DNA photodamage . | [4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.8 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140715141753.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1073/pnas.1405000111 | Biology_193 | Another result of the study suggests that many tropical species of birds are descendants of migratory ancestors that lost migration and stayed in the tropics year-round. | PlioPleistocene glaciations have clearly served to modify geographic ranges and migratory distances and routes and may have had an influence on more recent shifts of winter ranges out of North America in the Passerellidae (blue branches, Fig. | Tracing back through time and examining common ancestors of migratory and non-migratory species, they were able to conclude that there was more evidence supporting the idea that birds lived year-round in North America and began migrating further and further south, resulting in today's birds migrating thousands of miles every year. Another result of the study suggests that many tropical species of birds are descendants of migratory ancestors that lost migration and stayed in the tropics year-round. "This is an interesting result because species diversity in this group is much higher in the tropics. | As such, early shifts of winter ranges may not represent invasions of tropical habitats as much as tracking of tropical habitat to lower latitudes to escape harsh winter conditions while maintaining breeding at high latitudes ( . PlioPleistocene glaciations have clearly served to modify geographic ranges and migratory distances and routes and may have had an influence on more recent shifts of winter ranges out of North America in the Passerellidae (blue branches, Fig. 4) . | [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.75 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140804151419.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1073/pnas.1405000111 | Biology_194 | The first is that ancestors of migratory birds spent the whole year in North America and evolved migration by moving their winter range to the tropics. | Our results further suggest that seasonal migration promoted colonization of the tropics from North America. | The first is that ancestors of migratory birds spent the whole year in North America and evolved migration by moving their winter range to the tropics. Eventually, they found that more evidence supported the idea that birds once lived year-round in North America and eventually began migrating further and further south, resulting in today's migrations. This also suggests that many tropical species of birds are descendants of migratory ancestors that lost migration and stayed in the tropics. | Contrary to expectations, we found that long-distance migration primarily evolved through evolutionary shifts of geographic range south for the winter out of North America, as opposed to north for the summer. Our results further suggest that seasonal migration promoted colonization of the tropics from North America. We found that seasonal migration between breeding ranges in North America and winter ranges in the Neotropics evolved primarily via shifts of winter ranges toward the tropics from ancestral ranges in North America. | [4.0, 5.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 4 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/16439/20140805/bird-migration-first-evolved-songbirds-fled-cold-north.htm |
10.14814/phy2.13617 | Biology_195 | "We know younger individuals have larger pupils, and their lenses are more transparent. | Still, our findings of robust melatonin suppression in this age group call for an understanding of the effects of lightemitting electronic devices on the circadian physiology of young children. | Direct comparisons between this study and studies in adults must be made with caution because of differing research protocols, the researchers stress. "We know younger individuals have larger pupils, and their lenses are more transparent. This heightened sensitivity to light may make them even more susceptible to dysregulation of sleep and the circadian clock." | Although the 1000 lux stimulus administered in this study would be similar to a brightly lit environment, it is not comparable to the intensity of light emitted from electronic devices (~30-50 lux; ). Still, our findings of robust melatonin suppression in this age group call for an understanding of the effects of lightemitting electronic devices on the circadian physiology of young children. Findings from our laboratory indicate that the natural increase in endogenous melatonin in well-controlled dim light conditions occurs~50-min before bedtime (i.e., bedtime phase angle; interval between melatonin onset and bedtime) in young children ). | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/preschoolers-exposed-to-nighttime-light-lack-melatonin/ |
10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.013 | Biology_196 | This repeating cycle allowed the bacteria to stably move over the endothelial surface at a constant overall speed, similar to the way immune cells called leukocytes move through blood vessels. | Therefore, counterintuitively, the small size of bacteria made them less sensitive to force and torque imposed by flow than leukocytes. | Similar to children swinging on monkey bars, the bacteria transferred force from one bond to the next without fully detaching, slowing down every time they established a new bond and accelerating when they broke a bond and transitioned to the next one. This repeating cycle allowed the bacteria to stably move over the endothelial surface at a constant overall speed, similar to the way immune cells called leukocytes move through blood vessels. Additional calculations revealed that the propulsive force generated by bacterial motility is stronger than the forces imposed on bacteria by flow, suggesting that the microbes may use rotating internal structures called flagella to actively migrate along blood vessel walls and exit the vasculature to reach specific tissues, even under the force conditions generated by blood flow. | Average F s and T s experienced by bacteria were at least 10 times smaller than F s and T s experienced by rolling leukocytes at similar shear stresses , due to the relatively small B. burgdorferi radius. Therefore, counterintuitively, the small size of bacteria made them less sensitive to force and torque imposed by flow than leukocytes. Since most bacteria are as small or smaller than B. burgdorferi, this conclusion is likely to be true for other bacteria. | [3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.5 | news | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160825130027.htm |
10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.058 | Biology_197 | And when both threats to the genome are present, MRN will activate the massive response at the DNA break; no MRN is left to respond to the virus. | These data demonstrate that the binding of MRN and activation of a localized ATM response prevents viral genome replication. | If every incoming virus spurred a similarly strong response, points out O'Shea, our cells would be frequently paused, hampering our growth. And when both threats to the genome are present, MRN will activate the massive response at the DNA break; no MRN is left to respond to the virus. This means the virus is effectively ignored while the cell responds to the more massive alarm. | Similar conclusions were obtained with doxorubicin treatment (Figure S6E ). These data demonstrate that the binding of MRN and activation of a localized ATM response prevents viral genome replication. Furthermore, the induction of cellular DNA breaks sequesters MRN and prevents the restriction of viral replication. | [3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/cancers/66433-the-dna-damage-response-goes-viral-a-way-in-for-new-cancer-treatments.html |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.034 | Biology_198 | Identifying specific mutation-associated neoantigens could thus feasibly lead to the development of personalized tumor vaccines. | FTDs associated with CDK12 loss result in highly recurrent gains at loci of genes involved in the cell cycle and DNA replication. | Significantly, CDK12-mutated tumors also harbored higher numbers of surface neoantigens, which act to recruit immune-fighting T cells, a finding that may explain why this subtype of cancer is more susceptible to immune checkpoint blockade, and so why some patients do benefit from immune checkpoint blockade, the team suggests. Identifying specific mutation-associated neoantigens could thus feasibly lead to the development of personalized tumor vaccines. "Perhaps most importantly for translational purposes, CDK12 mutant cases exhibit a characteristic immunophenotype....CDK12 mutant tumors show high overall immune infiltration, increased levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphotyces, and altered chemokine signalling. | CDK12 mutant cases are associated with elevated neoantigen burden ensuing from fusion-induced chimeric open reading frames and increased tumor T cell infiltration/clonal expansion. FTDs associated with CDK12 loss result in highly recurrent gains at loci of genes involved in the cell cycle and DNA replication. CDK12 mutant cases are baseline diploid and do not exhibit DNA mutational signatures linked to defects in homologous recombination. | [1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34304544254&p=1pl&v=1&x=4ldt3u_6ItGR2RE2UuBujA |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_199 | "My hope is that this study can lay a foundation for future research about the health effects of instant noodle consumption." | Our findings suggest that instant noodle consumption alone might confer a higher cardiometabolic risk independent of overall dietary patterns. | "This research is significant since many people are consuming instant noodles without knowing possible health risks," Dr. Shin said. "My hope is that this study can lay a foundation for future research about the health effects of instant noodle consumption." Dr. Shin added that the study's health implications could be substantial - particularly if it leads to people choosing healthier foods. | We found that the consumption of instant noodles was associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and marginally associated with abdominal obesity, independent of the major dietary patterns, in women. Our findings suggest that instant noodle consumption alone might confer a higher cardiometabolic risk independent of overall dietary patterns. The combined effect of high energy density (381-464 kcal/100 g) , high glycemic loads with refined carbohydrates, high saturated fat content (66.2-87.2 kcal/100 g) , and high sodium (1.7-2.5 g/serving) may contribute to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity. | [3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.25 | news | http://www.newswise.com/articles/can-instant-noodles-lead-to-heart-disease-diabetes-and-stroke |
10.1186/s13578-015-0003-4 | Biology_2 | These findings suggested that H2S might be a novel target for the treatment of aging cardiovascular diseases. | Our study indicates an important role of H 2 S in protecting against the aging cardiovascular disease. | LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) abolished but N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species, ROS) further enhanced the protective role of H2S against I/R induced myocardial damage in the aging hearts. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that exogenous H2S recovers PC-induced cardioprotection via inhibition of oxidative stress and up-regulation of PI3K-Akt-GSK-3b pathway in the aging rat hearts. These findings suggested that H2S might be a novel target for the treatment of aging cardiovascular diseases. | The mRNA and protein levels of CSE are decreased in the lenses from old rats, and inhibition of CSE activity leads to cataractogenesis in vitro . Our study indicates an important role of H 2 S in protecting against the aging cardiovascular disease. KH buffer comprised (in mmol/L): NaCl 118, KCl 4.7, MgSO 4 1.2, KH 2 PO 4 1.2, CaCl 2 2.5, NaHCO 3 25, and glucose 11 at pH 7.4. | [5.0, 5.0, 1.0, 5.0, 5.0] | Biology | train | 5 | news | http://www.technology.org/2015/03/22/a-novel-target-for-the-treatment-of-aging-cardiovascular-diseases/ |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.038 | Biology_201 | "We have very deep insights into how telomerase works and how the components work together," Susac said. | All telomerases contain a catalytic core of TERT and TER, which are sufficient to reconstitute activity in vitro. | This new research brings this goal closer to reality by providing clues about what parts to target. "We have very deep insights into how telomerase works and how the components work together," Susac said. "Each of these interactions could be a point to target, and possibly disrupt or enhance the function of telomerase. | The cryo-EM structure of active Tetrahymena telomerase bound to telomeric DNA reveals unique insights into the catalytic core and DNA handling. All telomerases contain a catalytic core of TERT and TER, which are sufficient to reconstitute activity in vitro. The other seven proteins, p50, and two heterotrimeric replication protein A (RPA) related complexes, Teb1-Teb2/Rpa2-Teb3/Rpa3 (TEB) ) and p75-p45-p19 (Tetrahymena CTC1-STN1-TEN1 [CST]) , are paralogous to human proteins that only transiently associate with telomerase . | [4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34239565585&p=1pl&v=1&x=dKdwlCB2iE4axi2krXvE_w |
10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.058 | Biology_203 | The MRN response to the virus stays localized and only selectively prevents viral, but not cellular, replication. | In WT-virus-infected cells, neither MR knockdown nor Mirin prevents the global phosphorylation of DDR substrates ( Figure 2C ). | The cell detects the unauthorized replication and the MRN complex grabs and selectively neutralizes viral DNA without triggering a global response that would arrest or kill the cell. The MRN response to the virus stays localized and only selectively prevents viral, but not cellular, replication. If every incoming virus spurred a similarly strong response, points out O'Shea, our cells would be frequently paused, hampering our growth. | However, similar to SAECs, the levels of virus genomes are 10 4 times higher in WT versus DE1B-55K/DE4-ORF3-infected A549 cells ( Figure 2B ). In WT-virus-infected cells, neither MR knockdown nor Mirin prevents the global phosphorylation of DDR substrates ( Figure 2C ). Thus, the activation of global DDR signaling in WT-virus-infected cells is MRN independent and is not due to residual MRN expression or activity. | [1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.8 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/cancers/66433-the-dna-damage-response-goes-viral-a-way-in-for-new-cancer-treatments.html |
10.1073/pnas.1405000111 | Biology_204 | "This is an interesting result because species diversity in this group is much higher in the tropics," said Rick Ree, one of the researchers, in a news release. | Thus, early shifts of winter ranges (e.g., starred node, Fig. | This also suggests that many tropical species of birds are descendants of migratory ancestors that lost migration and stayed in the tropics. "This is an interesting result because species diversity in this group is much higher in the tropics," said Rick Ree, one of the researchers, in a news release. "Previously, more species in the tropics led to the assumption that temperate, migratory species are derived from tropical, nonmigratory ancestors; however, the results of our phylogenetic study suggest that the opposite pattern happened often in this group." | 4) , and age estimates for major emberizoid lineages date as far back as the early Miocene , with the split from the sister family to Emberizoidea, the cosmopolitan Fringillidae, dated to the late Oligocene (20-25 MyBP) . Thus, early shifts of winter ranges (e.g., starred node, Fig. 4 ) may have occurred in response to global cooling and increasing seasonality at high latitudes since the late Oligocene . | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/16439/20140805/bird-migration-first-evolved-songbirds-fled-cold-north.htm |
10.1186/s40168-015-0071-z | Biology_205 | The researchers emphasized that the finding does not suggest that breast milk from mothers without an active copy of the gene is less nourishing or healthy. | Of the 70 milks from secretor women, 23 of the matched infant stool samples were Low-Bif qPCR (32.9%). | The research may have applications in a clinical setting for protecting premature infants from a range of intestinal diseases including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a condition that is the second most common cause of death among premature infants in the United States. The researchers emphasized that the finding does not suggest that breast milk from mothers without an active copy of the gene is less nourishing or healthy. Rather, it conveys the subtle and elegant choreography of one part of the human microbiome: The relationships between the mothers' genetics, the composition of her breast milk and the development of thier infants' gut microbiota. | Of 35 milks from non-secretors, 20 of the matched infant stool samples were Low-Bif qPCR (57.1%). Of the 70 milks from secretor women, 23 of the matched infant stool samples were Low-Bif qPCR (32.9%). A Pearson chi-square test was significant (p = 0.0171), indicating that mother's secretor status and infant bifidobacteria levels are dependent variables. | [2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/genetics-birth-defects/62224-a-mother-s-genes-can-influence-the-bacteria-in-her-baby-s-gut-researchers-at-uc-davis-have-found.html |
10.1534/genetics.116.197285 | Biology_206 | "We expect that resistance alleles will pop up either before the drive can spread, or after the drive spreads, and eventually replace the drive," he said. | Possible outcomes can include the fixation of the driver, loss of the driver, and both stable or unstable equilibria, depending on the cleavage rate, c, the fitness costs of the driver allele, s dd and s d0 , and the initial frequency x d (t = 0) at which the driver is introduced into the population. | Yet, faced with the new and sophisticated CRISPR/Cas9 method of gene drive, nature is still likely to fight back to resist the mutation successfully, Unckless said. "We expect that resistance alleles will pop up either before the drive can spread, or after the drive spreads, and eventually replace the drive," he said. They show nature still has the edge over scientists hoping to solve human problems with GM organisms. | However, we can also use these equations to specify expected values in Wright-Fisher-type simulations that explicitly incorporate random genetic drift. Possible outcomes can include the fixation of the driver, loss of the driver, and both stable or unstable equilibria, depending on the cleavage rate, c, the fitness costs of the driver allele, s dd and s d0 , and the initial frequency x d (t = 0) at which the driver is introduced into the population. Briefly, in scenarios with high cleavage rate and small fitness costs, the driver will usually fix even when introduced at low 2 . | [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.8 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/research-shows-nature-can-beat-back-scientific-tinkering-with-genes-of-entire-species/ |
10.1111/1365-2656.12871 | Biology_207 | "By explicitly modelling the complex way that diseases behave in rabbit populations we found an unexpected result. | As IgM is the first antibody to appear in response to initial exposure to RHDV , it confirms a likely annual persistence of RHDV at low levels in the rabbit population at Turretfield. | It shows that both myxoma (MYXV) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHDV) viruses have worked together to control feral rabbit populations in Australia during the last two decades. "By explicitly modelling the complex way that diseases behave in rabbit populations we found an unexpected result. Rabbits that survive infection with MYXV virus have lower rates of survival than rabbits not yet infected," says Dr. Wells. | Our finding that RHDV can persist at low levels across the year is independently supported by relatively short-lived immunoglobulin M (IgM), being detected (at titres ≥40) in low numbers of rabbits throughout the year (Supporting Information Figure S10 ). As IgM is the first antibody to appear in response to initial exposure to RHDV , it confirms a likely annual persistence of RHDV at low levels in the rabbit population at Turretfield. Alternatively, lower abundance of virus-carrying flies may result in lower abundance of virus particles in the environment, which, in turn, may lead to low dose contraction. | [1.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34506942217&p=1pl&v=1&x=OCP5j07SbNKK_Tx7JPH1Dw |
10.1186/s13059-018-1434-0 | Biology_209 | We demonstrate that negative selection is underestimated and acts stronger on certain regions, which are related to essential cellular functions and to immune response," adds Schaefer. | In other words, we expect that mutations strongly altering protein function in a gene under negative selection would be removed from the host genetic pool because they will hinder tumor proliferation and thus these genes will only tolerate low or no functional impact mutations. | "This is the first large scale study with a solid method to detect a substantial impact of negative selection in shaping cancer genomes. We demonstrate that negative selection is underestimated and acts stronger on certain regions, which are related to essential cellular functions and to immune response," adds Schaefer. "Our work could be interpreted as a proof of concept; it may shed light upon mechanisms underlying immune evasion and may provide insights for improving cancer therapies in the future by revealing cancer vulnerabilities." | Nevertheless, the other four significant genes found by CBaSe, and not found by SSB-d N /d S , had SSB-d N /d S values smaller than one. In other words, we expect that mutations strongly altering protein function in a gene under negative selection would be removed from the host genetic pool because they will hinder tumor proliferation and thus these genes will only tolerate low or no functional impact mutations. We observed that genes displaying a low SSB-d N /d S ratio (from now on d N /d S , unless otherwise specified) were depleted in high functional impact mutations compared to those of neutral and positively selected genes (see Fig. | [3.0, 2.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.8 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34527375501&p=1pl&v=1&x=1CtmjzSbC1y6cGD8LDIXPA |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.034 | Biology_21 | This suggests that a precision medicine approach to prostate cancer could help better direct immunotherapy treatment. | Intriguingly, in both cases, the genomic instability engendered by the deficiency becomes a ''doubleedged sword.'' | This boosts immune-fighting T-cells, which may explain why these patients benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. This suggests that a precision medicine approach to prostate cancer could help better direct immunotherapy treatment. It could also explain why some prostate cancer patients have had exceptional responses to immunotherapy while the treatment has had lackluster results overall in prostate cancer. | CDK12 inactivation thereby defines a distinct class of mCRPC that may benefit from immune checkpoint immunotherapy. Intriguingly, in both cases, the genomic instability engendered by the deficiency becomes a ''doubleedged sword.'' For example, cancer cells with MMRD have a high mutation burden that generates tumor neoantigens, thereby making the patients favorable candidates for intervention with immunotherapies . | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 1.75 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34304617241&p=1pl&v=1&x=JkbWFHiGsGoeqOJxN0A0-A |
10.1002/emmm.201302567 | Biology_210 | The body's manufacture of the SMN protein from the SMN2 gene can limit the impact of SMA. | Although basal SMN levels are below normal, due to the mouse genotype, SMN is further reduced in a tissue-specific manner, by ASO treatment, which is distinct from the situation in SMA patients. | Hence the importance of the team's success, reported online today in EMBO Molecular Medicine. The body's manufacture of the SMN protein from the SMN2 gene can limit the impact of SMA. How much a patient is helped depends on the number of copies of the SMN2 gene they possess. | Except for the tail and ear necrosis, our model has an asymptomatic phase before disease onset at the adult stage, as seen in type IV SMA. Although basal SMN levels are below normal, due to the mouse genotype, SMN is further reduced in a tissue-specific manner, by ASO treatment, which is distinct from the situation in SMA patients. The disease progression after onset in our model is more acute, and without chronic compensation. | [1.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.5 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/42722-first-animal-model-of-adult-onset-sma-sheds-light-on-disease-progression-and-treatment.html |
10.1038/nature24621 | Biology_211 | Within this first release of data, the Earth Microbiome Project team identified around 300,000 unique microbial 16S rRNA sequences, almost 90 percent of which don't have exact matches in pre-existing databases. | While earlier largescale 16S rRNA amplicon studies adopted OTU clustering approaches in part out of concern that erroneous reads would dominate diversity assessments 23 , patterns of prevalence (presenceabsence) in our results suggest that Deblur error removal produced ecologically informative sequences without clustering. | That could be useful forensic information at a crime scene," he says. Within this first release of data, the Earth Microbiome Project team identified around 300,000 unique microbial 16S rRNA sequences, almost 90 percent of which don't have exact matches in pre-existing databases. Now, we have a framework that supports all that additional context, and which can grow organically to support new kinds of questions and insights." | Because exact sequences are stable identifiers, unlike OTUs, they can be compared to any 16S rRNA or genomic data base now and in the future, thereby promoting reusability 22 . While earlier largescale 16S rRNA amplicon studies adopted OTU clustering approaches in part out of concern that erroneous reads would dominate diversity assessments 23 , patterns of prevalence (presenceabsence) in our results suggest that Deblur error removal produced ecologically informative sequences without clustering. After rarefying to 5,000 sequences per sample, a total of 307,572 unique sequences were contained in the 96 studies and 23,828 samples of the 'QCfiltered' Deblur 90bp observation table. | [3.0, 2.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.75 | news | http://www.futurity.org/earth-microbiome-project-1595972/ |
10.1038/s41467-018-07557-4 | Biology_212 | Planners and engineers need to know in detail where permafrost is most likely to thaw as they plan for replacements, upgrades and maintenance. | In an engineering context, the selected threshold is conservative because infrastructure (e.g., buildings) could experience thaw settlements and failure before the thaw of near-surface permafrost. | However, after 2050, attaining the Paris Agreement goals would make a clear difference in potential damage to infrastructure. They note that because of the uncertainties, the amount of infrastructure at risk from permafrost thaw is probably not much smaller than their estimate, but could be substantially larger. Planners and engineers need to know in detail where permafrost is most likely to thaw as they plan for replacements, upgrades and maintenance. | The ensemble model provided accurate predictions of the observed ground temperatures retrospectively, indicating potential for good performance in prognostic studies 23 . In an engineering context, the selected threshold is conservative because infrastructure (e.g., buildings) could experience thaw settlements and failure before the thaw of near-surface permafrost. However, a conservative threshold is justified considering the use of statistically based methodology in modelling of the ground thermal regime (Methods). | [2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.75 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37952353365&p=1pl&v=1&x=z8k6aIsKNtvV0TWFOzO7Gg |
10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.030 | Biology_213 | "If you tend to burn, then you may have inherited a problem with your MC1R, and you probably should avoid purposeful UV exposure like tanning bed use or unprotected sun exposure." | Furthermore, UV damage alone did not promote production of cAMP ( Figure S2E ), suggesting that in the skin UVassociated melanocytic cAMP increases depend on an intact MC1R signaling pathway initiated by MSH. | "If you tan well, then your MC1R probably works well," D'Orazio said. "If you tend to burn, then you may have inherited a problem with your MC1R, and you probably should avoid purposeful UV exposure like tanning bed use or unprotected sun exposure." D'Orazio and his research team found an important molecular link between MC1R signaling and DNA repair in their study. | However, forskolin enhanced clearance of both [6-4]-PP and CPD in all melanocyte cells tested regardless of MC1R status (Figures 1E and 1F) with no apparent effect on cell proliferation ( Figure S2) indicating photolesion clearance was not influenced by proliferative differences. Furthermore, UV damage alone did not promote production of cAMP ( Figure S2E ), suggesting that in the skin UVassociated melanocytic cAMP increases depend on an intact MC1R signaling pathway initiated by MSH. Interestingly, cAMP-enhanced repair was not limited to melanocytic lines, as a repair benefit was also observed in . | [3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0] | Biology | train | 4 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140715141753.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Biology_215 | Their top-line finding is that their study "did not support the position that violent gaming relates to aggressive behaviour." | Indeed, statistical significance does not necessitate a subjective state that humans can distinguish on a personal level . | The title lays it out plainly: "Violent video game engagement is not associated with adolescents' aggressive behaviour." Their top-line finding is that their study "did not support the position that violent gaming relates to aggressive behaviour." This contradicts the consensus hammered out by an American Psychological Association task force on violent video games in 2017. | We believe the current work is the second study in the area to set the number of observations based on an a priori power analysis , and the first to specify a minimum effect size of theoretical interest. Indeed, statistical significance does not necessitate a subjective state that humans can distinguish on a personal level . Given interactive media and their effects are inherently subjective, we believe working toward adoption of a new standard for interpreting the practical significance of media effects would serve the literature well as a benchmark against which putative effects of emergent technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality and artificial intelligence may be judged. | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38538076628&p=1pl&v=1&x=7Ko5INusmGh9TtCxVKqTtA |
10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.03.019 | Biology_217 | So the female iPS cells now have two active X chromosomes, while males have only one. | Together, these results indicate that imprints are not only erased in XX iPSCs but also are not re-established upon global genome remethylation in XO iPSCs, which suggests that female iPSCs, regardless of the number of Xas, may have a similarly poor developmental potential as female ESCs . | But when these cells are reprogrammed into iPS cells, the inactive X becomes active. So the female iPS cells now have two active X chromosomes, while males have only one. We now know that this explains the different behaviour of male and female cells after reprogramming because, over time, female cells lose one of the two X chromosomes and start behaving more or less like male iPS cells." | Here, we found evidence of imprint erasure for the imprint control region of Zrsr1 in female XX and XO iPSCs (Table S2) . Together, these results indicate that imprints are not only erased in XX iPSCs but also are not re-established upon global genome remethylation in XO iPSCs, which suggests that female iPSCs, regardless of the number of Xas, may have a similarly poor developmental potential as female ESCs . Interestingly, we found that within several of these cis-regulatory regions, changes in average methylation levels were already apparent in both SSEA1 subpopulations, and more pronounced in XaXa iPSCs (Figures 3D-3G) . | [3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 2.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33847856937&p=1pl&v=1&x=vV_Dne2GAjTKIkp14dSTOw |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.034 | Biology_221 | This is an exciting prospect for patients who have CDK12 alterations and may benefit from immunotherapy." | Pre-treatment PSA prior to initiation of immunotherapy was 628.8 ng/mL with a modest improvement in PSA after three doses of anti-PD-1 and subsequent PSA decline to 599.2 ng/mL. | "The fact that immune checkpoint inhibitors may be effective against this subtype of prostate cancer makes it even more significant. This is an exciting prospect for patients who have CDK12 alterations and may benefit from immunotherapy." They identified CDK12 mutations in 25/360 mCRPC patients (6.9%), but in only 6/498 patients with primary prostate cancer. | Patient MO_2017 had heavily pre-treated disease, with prior disease progression on abiraterone, enzalutamide, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel. Pre-treatment PSA prior to initiation of immunotherapy was 628.8 ng/mL with a modest improvement in PSA after three doses of anti-PD-1 and subsequent PSA decline to 599.2 ng/mL. Evaluation of a metastatic lymph node biopsy demonstrated robust CD3 staining by IHC ( Figure 7B ). | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34304544254&p=1pl&v=1&x=4ldt3u_6ItGR2RE2UuBujA |
10.1210/en.2015-2036 | Biology_223 | Further studies are warranted, but this direct association between vitamin D levels and ID1 expression is very interesting to us." | Significantly, our results demonstrate that, in BCa cells, VDR regulation of ID1 expression is mechanistically conserved in humans and that there is a negative association between circulating 25(OH)D levels and the expression of ID1 in primary tumors from BCa patients. | They found an inverse correlation: Women with lower levels of vitamin D expressed more ID1 in their tumor tissues than did women with higher levels of vitamin D.
"Our study shows that a deficiency in vitamin D levels, or an inability of tumor cells to respond appropriately to the presence of vitamin D, is sufficient to trigger non-metastatic cancer cells to become metastatic," said Feldman. "It's enough to significantly accelerate tumor progression in our mouse model. Further studies are warranted, but this direct association between vitamin D levels and ID1 expression is very interesting to us." | These distinctions with our study indicate that vitamin D signaling is highly context specific. Significantly, our results demonstrate that, in BCa cells, VDR regulation of ID1 expression is mechanistically conserved in humans and that there is a negative association between circulating 25(OH)D levels and the expression of ID1 in primary tumors from BCa patients. We believe these findings contribute to the cause of the epidemiological association between low circulating 25(OH)D levels and poor prognosis in patients with BCa. | [2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://www.science20.com/news_articles/vitamin_d_deficiency_contributes_to_spread_of_breast_cancer_in_mice_stanford_study_finds-167109 |
10.1002/emmm.201302567 | Biology_225 | Hence the importance of the team's success, reported online today in EMBO Molecular Medicine. | In adult mice with Smn-null background, the SMN levels required for normal CNS function correspond to an SMN2 copy number less than two, suggesting that only moderate SMN levels are necessary for therapy in adult-onset SMA. | (click to enlarge)
Many SMA patients do reach adulthood, however, and on occasion people develop symptoms of the illness only after they have become adults. Hence the importance of the team's success, reported online today in EMBO Molecular Medicine. The body's manufacture of the SMN protein from the SMN2 gene can limit the impact of SMA. | Compared with neonatal administration, this procedure elicited late-onset motor phenotypes. In adult mice with Smn-null background, the SMN levels required for normal CNS function correspond to an SMN2 copy number less than two, suggesting that only moderate SMN levels are necessary for therapy in adult-onset SMA. The effects of peripheral SMN2 missplicing induced by TSUNAMI highlight the potential importance of specific pathogenesis in the liver and heart. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/42722-first-animal-model-of-adult-onset-sma-sheds-light-on-disease-progression-and-treatment.html |
10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.028 | Biology_227 | Thus, the trauma and its circumstances are remembered but the consolidation of fear memories is impaired, which could decrease the likelihood of developing fear-related disorders," Andero says. | Thus, given the lack of colocalization and regional and functional specificity of these cell populations, we have uncovered a subdivision-specific cell population that may be involved in the consolidation of fear memory. | "Osanetant is a safe and well-tolerated drug in humans and could be potentially used to prevent PTSD when given shortly after trauma, although more research is needed," Andero says. Under the influence of osanetant, mice could still learn to become afraid of a sound paired with a shock, but the mice did not freeze as much in response to the sound a day later, even if the drug was given an hour after training. Thus, the trauma and its circumstances are remembered but the consolidation of fear memories is impaired, which could decrease the likelihood of developing fear-related disorders," Andero says. | Using double fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), we show that Tac2 gene expression is mostly not colocalized with PKCd or Enk and is expressed primarily within the CeM (Figures 2A-2F ). Thus, given the lack of colocalization and regional and functional specificity of these cell populations, we have uncovered a subdivision-specific cell population that may be involved in the consolidation of fear memory. Moreover, NkB peptide is also highly expressed in the CeA ( Figure 3B ). | [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140630124423.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1038/s41467-018-07557-4 | Biology_228 | There's No Silver Lining
To make matters worse, the study also notes that these drastic changes will still happen even if the world decreases its carbon emission significantly. | Considering different stabilization scenarios of climate warming, our analysis reveals that substantial cuts in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions now would not make a large difference for infrastructure risks in the highest hazard area by 2050. | There's No Silver Lining
To make matters worse, the study also notes that these drastic changes will still happen even if the world decreases its carbon emission significantly. The new findings revealed "an unprecedentedly high spatial resolution" perspective of how permafrost will jeopardize infrastructure. The findings also showed that one-third of all Arctic infrastructure rests on a piece of land that is highly likely to thaw by 2050. | For example, our results highlight critical areas such as the Pechora region, the northwestern parts of the Ural Mountains, northwest and central Siberia, the Yakutsk basin (except for the city of Yakutsk in low to moderate hazard area), as well as the central and western parts of Alaska to which high priority for local scale infrastructure hazard assessments should be performed in future decades 1 . Considering different stabilization scenarios of climate warming, our analysis reveals that substantial cuts in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions now would not make a large difference for infrastructure risks in the highest hazard area by 2050. This is because nearly the same number of buildings, roads, and other infrastructure would be jeopardized under moderate climate warming (RCP2.6) as compared to a pessimistic, business-asusual scenario (RCP8.5) ( Fig. | [3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0] | Biology | train | 3.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37967333906&p=1pl&v=1&x=ltio0H7-Rr6r3LuvSX7DEA |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_23 | This association was found to be particularly strong for women. | The positive association between instant noodles and metabolic syndrome seen in younger, more active, and leaner women suggests that the hazards of instant noodles might not be overcome by the beneficial health effects of increased physical activity, weight loss, and young age. | 4: Fried food
5: Fast food including instant noodles
Consumption of instant noodles is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome
It was observed that the consumption of instant noodles was associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women which was independent of major dietary patterns. This association was found to be particularly strong for women. These changes could lead to increased mortality among South Koreans due to cardiovascular disease, along with increased health care costs. | In our study, the association between instant noodles and metabolic syndrome differed significantly between genders, and there was no effect modification of this association by age, BMI, or physical activity. The positive association between instant noodles and metabolic syndrome seen in younger, more active, and leaner women suggests that the hazards of instant noodles might not be overcome by the beneficial health effects of increased physical activity, weight loss, and young age. Our study had several limitations. | [3.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.emaxhealth.com/11402/eating-too-many-instant-noodles-could-cause-metabolic-syndrome |
10.1038/srep01456 | Biology_230 | "Bed bugs evolved unique adaptive strategy to resist pyrethroid insecticides." | The P450s or Abc8 and Abc9 knockdown in pyrethroid resistant CIN-1 S bed bugs showed a consistent increase in their susceptibility to bcyfluthrin compared with control bed bugs injected with malE dsRNA (Fig. | Sometimes, in the face of chemical and genetic trickery, brute force turns out to work best. SOURCE: Zhu et al. "Bed bugs evolved unique adaptive strategy to resist pyrethroid insecticides." | CIN-1 S bed bugs are highly resistant to deltamethrin, with a high topical dose leading to no mortality. The P450s or Abc8 and Abc9 knockdown in pyrethroid resistant CIN-1 S bed bugs showed a consistent increase in their susceptibility to bcyfluthrin compared with control bed bugs injected with malE dsRNA (Fig. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the susceptibility to b-cyfluthrin between cuticular proteins knockdown and control bed bugs (Fig. | [2.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 5 | news | http://www.ibtimes.com/bedbugs-foil-pesticides-special-adaptations-their-armor-1403721 |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Biology_231 | The diet enabled an increased concentration of salt at the source of infection and allowed the mice to rid themselves of the infection more quickly than those that did not receive a high-salt diet. | We found that Na + accumulated at the site of bacterial skin infections in humans and in mice. | After treating the patients with antibiotics, the salt accumulation disappeared along with the infection. The diet enabled an increased concentration of salt at the source of infection and allowed the mice to rid themselves of the infection more quickly than those that did not receive a high-salt diet. But researchers said their findings don't translate to a recommendation for increased salt intake. | We found that Na + accumulated at the site of bacterial skin infections in humans and in mice. Activation of macrophages in the presence of high NaCl concentrations modified epigenetic markers and enhanced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK)-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) activation. This high-salt response resulted in elevated type-2 nitric oxide synthase (Nos2)-dependent NO production and improved Leishmania major control. | [2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.6 | news | http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2015/03/03/Scientists-say-salt-may-guard-against-infection/4511425414509/ |
10.1038/s41467-019-09863-x | Biology_232 | "Even at 1.5degC to 2degC [warming], there are impacts and costs due to thawing permafrost. | Robustness of the estimates for the PCF and SAF effects. | What's needed, he said, is urgency and political will. "Even at 1.5degC to 2degC [warming], there are impacts and costs due to thawing permafrost. But they are considerably lower for these scenarios compared to business as usual," said Yumashev. | The economic losses due to climate warming also tend to be higher in warmer poorer regions such as India and Africa 20 , which are also less likely to benefit from the economic opportunities associated with a warmer Arctic 56 . Robustness of the estimates for the PCF and SAF effects. Other major feedbacks implemented in the fully-coupled GCMs such as clouds, water vapour and lapse rate contribute to overall uncertainty and state-dependency in the ECS parameter 35 . | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39059198716&p=1pl&v=1&x=LFeOjGrAvD1wF12D7W6Wvg |
10.1038/s41589-018-0155-8 | Biology_233 | Teijaro and colleagues found that the ABHD12-knockout mice, as well as the mice treated with the ABHD12 inhibitor, had immune responses that were much more vigorous and effective in clearing the virus, often excessively so. | We found evidence for a similar mechanism of action in ABHD12 -/mice in which antiviral CD8 T cells from these animals displayed increased killing capacity compared to cells from ABHD12 +/+ mice in both spleen and lung ( Fig. | Ordinary mice infected with LCMV clone 13 typically have minor symptoms but take a long time to clear the infection. Teijaro and colleagues found that the ABHD12-knockout mice, as well as the mice treated with the ABHD12 inhibitor, had immune responses that were much more vigorous and effective in clearing the virus, often excessively so. advertisement
"The enhanced mortality and lung pathology were striking in clone-13 infected mice following ABHD12 inhibition or deletion," Teijaro says. | The lung pathology caused by restoration of T cell function, for instance, by anti-PD-1 antibodies during persistent Cl13 infection depends on CD8 T cell-mediated killing . We found evidence for a similar mechanism of action in ABHD12 -/mice in which antiviral CD8 T cells from these animals displayed increased killing capacity compared to cells from ABHD12 +/+ mice in both spleen and lung ( Fig. 6e and Supplementary Fig. | [3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0] | Biology | train | 4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37814264274&p=1pl&v=1&x=fV_-TrzPs9X1ZtNnkmq4RQ |
10.2337/db13-1600 | Biology_234 | "This clearly shows that the brain can't detect hypoglycemia under most physiological conditions unless it has this peripheral input," Donovan said. | Insulin infusion increased plasma insulin concentrations from a mean basal value of 45.5 6 5.0 pmol/L to a hyperinsulinemic plateau of 5,194 6 510 pmol/L. | Focusing on the hindbrain, they found that if sensory input from the portal vein is eliminated, there is very little activation in the hindbrain during slow onset hypoglycemia. "This clearly shows that the brain can't detect hypoglycemia under most physiological conditions unless it has this peripheral input," Donovan said. "But neurons in the hindbrain continue to respond to fast onset hypoglycemia even in the absence of peripheral sensors." | 0.10), while CSMG animals demonstrated an 81, 78, and 82% reduction in Fos-labeled nuclei for the AP (P , 0.001), DMX (P , 0.05), and NTS (P , 0.01), respectively. Insulin infusion increased plasma insulin concentrations from a mean basal value of 45.5 6 5.0 pmol/L to a hyperinsulinemic plateau of 5,194 6 510 pmol/L. No significant differences were observed in basal (P . | [2.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.666667 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/metabolic-problems/diabetes/49962-diabetes-detectives.html |
10.1111/gcb.13526 | Biology_235 | They will also explore optimizing other aspects of this crop's canopy of leaves-such as the distribution and angle of leaves-to design better soybean plants that yield more without the need for more water and other resources. | Plants with optimal LAI are predicted to use 38% and 39% less carbon in constructing leaf tissue, than for the LAI observed in the field, under current and elevated [CO 2 ], respectively (Fig. | Alternatively, plants with fewer leaves are more water efficient, and thereby may be potentially drought tolerant." Next, the researchers will bioengineer plants or search for varieties that naturally have fewer leaves to test these preliminary findings on a larger scale. They will also explore optimizing other aspects of this crop's canopy of leaves-such as the distribution and angle of leaves-to design better soybean plants that yield more without the need for more water and other resources. | However, as LAI is lowered below the optimum value, predicted losses in NPP become significant to the detriment of seed production. Plants with optimal LAI are predicted to use 38% and 39% less carbon in constructing leaf tissue, than for the LAI observed in the field, under current and elevated [CO 2 ], respectively (Fig. In fieldgrown soybean, it is observed to be largely maintained during seed fill through continued production of leaves, the period that is most critical for final yield . | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.8 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/soybean-plants-with-fewer-leaves-yield-more/ |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.003 | Biology_236 | They found that infected areas in patients with bacterial skin infections also showed remarkably high salt accumulation. | We found that Na + accumulated at the site of bacterial skin infections in humans and in mice. | A clue to this mystery came when Titze and his collaborators noticed an unusually high amount of sodium in the infected skin of mice that had been bitten by cage mates. They found that infected areas in patients with bacterial skin infections also showed remarkably high salt accumulation. Moving forward, the researchers will examine how salt accumulates in the skin and triggers immune responses, and why salt accumulates in the skin of aging adults. | We found that Na + accumulated at the site of bacterial skin infections in humans and in mice. Activation of macrophages in the presence of high NaCl concentrations modified epigenetic markers and enhanced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38/MAPK)-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) activation. This high-salt response resulted in elevated type-2 nitric oxide synthase (Nos2)-dependent NO production and improved Leishmania major control. | [5.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 4.25 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150303123832.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Fmost_popular+%28Most+Popular+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.058 | Biology_237 | "The requirement of MRN for sensing both cellular and viral genome breaks has profound consequences," says O'Shea. | We show that either E1B-55K or E4-ORF3 is sufficient to prevent MRN binding to virus genomes ( Figure 4B ). | This means the virus is effectively ignored while the cell responds to the more massive alarm. "The requirement of MRN for sensing both cellular and viral genome breaks has profound consequences," says O'Shea. "When MRN is recruited to cellular DNA breaks, it can no longer sense and respond to incoming viral genomes. | However, global ATM signaling could play an important role in vivo in modulating the host immune response to virus infection . We show that either E1B-55K or E4-ORF3 is sufficient to prevent MRN binding to virus genomes ( Figure 4B ). However, TP/pTP is covalently attached to the 5 0 ends of adenovirus genomes . | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/cancers/66433-the-dna-damage-response-goes-viral-a-way-in-for-new-cancer-treatments.html |
10.1186/s13578-015-0003-4 | Biology_238 | These findings suggested that H2S might be a novel target for the treatment of aging cardiovascular diseases. | We further found that PC increased H 2 S production rate and CSE expressions, and protected young hearts from I/R-induced cardiomyocytes damage, all of which were disappeared in the aging hearts. | LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) abolished but N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species, ROS) further enhanced the protective role of H2S against I/R induced myocardial damage in the aging hearts. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that exogenous H2S recovers PC-induced cardioprotection via inhibition of oxidative stress and up-regulation of PI3K-Akt-GSK-3b pathway in the aging rat hearts. These findings suggested that H2S might be a novel target for the treatment of aging cardiovascular diseases. | I/R also increased the release of cytochrome c and down-regulated the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and GSK-3β in the aging rat hearts. We further found that PC increased H 2 S production rate and CSE expressions, and protected young hearts from I/R-induced cardiomyocytes damage, all of which were disappeared in the aging hearts. Supply of NaHS not only increased PC-induced cardioprotection in the young hearts, but also lightened I/R induced-myocardial damage and significantly recovered the cardioprotective role of PC against I/R induced myocardial damage in the aging hearts. | [3.0, 5.0, 4.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.6 | news | http://www.technology.org/2015/03/22/a-novel-target-for-the-treatment-of-aging-cardiovascular-diseases/ |
10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.013 | Biology_239 | The researchers also found that a bacterial protein called BBK32 helps to stabilize and strengthen the bonds between the bacteria and the blood vessel wall. | Although these data showed that BBK32 stabilizes B. burgdorferi-endothelial interactions and extends the force and shear stress range at which they occur by a catch bond mechanism, many questions remain. | The researchers found that the way B. burgdorferi moves inside blood vessels can be likened to a child swinging on monkey bars: The bacteria form bonds with the blood vessel wall, and then move by transferring force from one bond to the next, but never completely detaching from the blood vessel wall. The researchers also found that a bacterial protein called BBK32 helps to stabilize and strengthen the bonds between the bacteria and the blood vessel wall. Drugs that target BBK32 might help to prevent the spread of B. burgdorferi to joints, the heart and the nervous system, although future research is needed to test this, the researchers said. | The BBK32 catch bond force regime ranged from ~2 to 19 pN and was similar to the catch bond force regimes of selectins (~5-50 pN), which are the major molecular mediators of leukocyte rolling at the PCV shear stress range . Although these data showed that BBK32 stabilizes B. burgdorferi-endothelial interactions and extends the force and shear stress range at which they occur by a catch bond mechanism, many questions remain. Thus, multiple BBK32 ligand-binding sites could potentially form or reciprocally regulate catch bond formation. | [4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3.5 | news | http://www.livescience.com/55895-lyme-disease-bacteria-spread.html |
10.1111/gcb.13876 | Biology_240 | Furthermore, forests and land offer the most cost-effective way to store more carbon right now. | The observation that grown forests may be sinks for carbon (Luyssaert et al., 2008; suggests that those sinks may be attributable to environmental changes (e.g., CO 2 fertilization) rather than to recovery. | Furthermore, forests and land offer the most cost-effective way to store more carbon right now. The agenda focuses on the twin truths of climate change: While we are making real progress, we need to move much more ambitiously and quickly to seize the opportunities right in front of us. In 2017, the world lost 39 million acres (nearly 16 million hectares) of tropical forests -- an area equivalent in size to Bangladesh -- at a near-record rate of 40 football fields every minute for the entire year, according to Global Forest Watch. | One would expect rates of carbon accumulation in mature forests to be lower than in regrowing forests. The observation that grown forests may be sinks for carbon (Luyssaert et al., 2008; suggests that those sinks may be attributable to environmental changes (e.g., CO 2 fertilization) rather than to recovery. However, the estimate defines intact forests as having a minimum area of 500 km 2 and, thus, is not comparable with the FAO estimate of primary forest. | [3.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.666667 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34958843662&p=1pl&v=1&x=ADGn1_xewWPJ_1OZt5xdOA |
10.1038/s41590-018-0068-4 | Biology_241 | These results suggest that TLR8 acts as a key switch for protective immune responses. | Further subgroup analysis revealed that distribution of the TLR8 allele was in fact significantly different only for subjects who had previously received the live BCG vaccine against TB (P = 0.002), whereas its distribution was not significantly different for unvaccinated subjects (P = 0.754) (Fig. | Moreover, the scientists also found that patients carrying an activating TLR8 gene variant responded better to a live vaccine against tuberculosis, which resulted in improved protection against disease. These results suggest that TLR8 acts as a key switch for protective immune responses. "These results may enable us to develop new vaccines that will combine the safety of modern subunit vaccines with the high efficacy of live vaccines." | 8a and Supplementary Table 3 ), indicative of a protective effect of TLR8-G against PTB, as has been reported 32 . Further subgroup analysis revealed that distribution of the TLR8 allele was in fact significantly different only for subjects who had previously received the live BCG vaccine against TB (P = 0.002), whereas its distribution was not significantly different for unvaccinated subjects (P = 0.754) (Fig. In this study, vaccination with BCG was associated with significant risk protection in carriers of the TLR8-G allele (odds ratio = 0.280 [95% confidence interval, 0.105-0.742]) but not in carriers of the TLR8-A allele ( Fig. | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33723683656&p=1pl&v=1&x=R9OQAdHcxos4adubuX4cGg |
10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.006 | Biology_242 | This structural signature, they find, is bound by a small protein named RanGDP. | Consistent with RanGDP-binding affinity, strong RanGDP-binding NPcIkBa-AR2s (WT, I124L and I124F) were mainly observed in the nucleus, whereas weaker mutants (NPc-IkBa-AR2[124R and 124K]) were predominantly cytoplasmic ( Figure 3B ). | Lu's team shows in the study that the import signal that flags proteins for the new pathway consists of two consecutive ARs that share one feature: each has a hydrophobic amino acid (one with chemical properties that repel water) that is located 13 amino acids into the repeat. This structural signature, they find, is bound by a small protein named RanGDP. In decoding this new nuclear import signal, Lu and her team also uncover a possible molecular mechanism underlying human familial melanomas, which are often linked to mutations in a protein known as p16. | The resulting IkBa-AR2 mutants with hydrophobic AR 13 (I124I, I124L, I124F, and I124C) all bound RanGDP with high efficiency, whereas mutants with more hydrophilic residues at AR 13 , K or R, bound RanGDP with much lower efficiency ( Figure 3B ). Consistent with RanGDP-binding affinity, strong RanGDP-binding NPcIkBa-AR2s (WT, I124L and I124F) were mainly observed in the nucleus, whereas weaker mutants (NPc-IkBa-AR2[124R and 124K]) were predominantly cytoplasmic ( Figure 3B ). ANKRD49 is predominantly cytoplasmic with four ARs, and RanGDP binding is barely detectable. | [5.0, 2.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 4 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140522123451.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |