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10.1073/pnas.1409328111 | Biology_496 | Knowledge about both the maternal age effect and the bottleneck size is useful in family planning. | Notably, we found a positive association between the number of heteroplasmies in a child and maternal age at fertilization, likely attributable to oocyte aging. | "Knowing the size of the bottleneck allows us to predict, within a range, the percentage of disease-carrying molecules that will be passed on to the child." Knowledge about both the maternal age effect and the bottleneck size is useful in family planning. "We have some predictive power now and can assist genetic counselors in advising couples about the chances of mitochondrial diseases being passed to the next generation," Makova said. | mutations per site per year, an order of magnitude higher than for nuclear DNA. Notably, we found a positive association between the number of heteroplasmies in a child and maternal age at fertilization, likely attributable to oocyte aging. Our results can be used to predict the transmission of disease-causing mtDNA variants and illuminate evolutionary dynamics of the mitochondrial genome. | [5.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 3.6 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141013152816.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29 |
10.1002/dneu.22629 | Biology_497 | Thus when placodes were transplanted to the vicinity of the heart, the outgrowing nerve cells followed the course of the vagus nerve, which originates deep in the hindbrain and is responsible for controlling the heartbeat. | 7A) identified afferents of the inner ear projecting with the vagus nerve (Fig. | They found that the ectopically located neurons grow along existing nerve tracts nearby. Thus when placodes were transplanted to the vicinity of the heart, the outgrowing nerve cells followed the course of the vagus nerve, which originates deep in the hindbrain and is responsible for controlling the heartbeat. When the placode was placed at a level midway along the dorsolateral flank, it gave rise to a complete inner ear. | These data suggest that afferents of the inner ear are capable of projecting with peripheral nerves but do so as undirected growth along existing peripheral nerves. 7A) identified afferents of the inner ear projecting with the vagus nerve (Fig. Furthermore, placement of dye into the vagus nerve (Fig. | [4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34644118544&p=1pl&v=1&x=unNNhQH0NvlgNNMwuUADgA |
10.1038/s41586-019-1291-3 | Biology_498 | "We hope this study provides a useful first step in understanding the microbiome contribution to drug metabolism," co-lead author Michael Zimmermann said in the news release. | This analysis correctly identifies reported microorganismderived drug metabolites 10 (for example, metabolites of sulfasalazine, paliperidone and pantoprazole; Supplementary Table 5) . | The team found wide variations in the number of these genes in healthy people. "We hope this study provides a useful first step in understanding the microbiome contribution to drug metabolism," co-lead author Michael Zimmermann said in the news release. "We think these approaches could shed light on how the gut microbiome also modulates our response to non-drug compounds, such as dietary nutrients and environmental agents," Zimmermann said. | In addition, we included only compounds that significantly accumulated (fold change (expressed in log 2 ) ≥ 1, FDR-corrected P value ≤ 0.05), whereas their associated parent drug decreased upon bacterial incubation. This analysis correctly identifies reported microorganismderived drug metabolites 10 (for example, metabolites of sulfasalazine, paliperidone and pantoprazole; Supplementary Table 5) . We found 871 candidate drug metabolites that are specific to the presence of a given drug; these represent direct products of bacterial drug modifications or bacterial responses that are unique to a specific drug (blue bars in Fig. | [2.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.666667 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39377789963&p=1pl&v=1&x=YIPWMJ3-1blomtuO0R4AvA |
10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.004 | Biology_499 | The normal function of the REST protein is to shut off genes that need to be active only in a very few cell types. | Among these, 15 were high-confidence REST targets, and expression of 10 of the 15 was moderately (i.e., <2-fold; Table S4 ) reduced in the Rest +/DEx4 neocortex. | Deafness is genetically dominant in the LMG2 family, meaning that a child needs to inherit only one copy of the defective gene from a parent to have progressive hearing loss. The normal function of the REST protein is to shut off genes that need to be active only in a very few cell types. When Banfi's team deleted exon 4 of Rest in mice, inner ear hair cells died, and mice became deaf. | RNA-seq analysis of neocortices of E15.5 WT and Rest +/DEx4 mice revealed differential expression of 100 genes ( Figure 4B ). Among these, 15 were high-confidence REST targets, and expression of 10 of the 15 was moderately (i.e., <2-fold; Table S4 ) reduced in the Rest +/DEx4 neocortex. For high-confidence REST targets randomly selected from the cortical and utricular RNA-seq datasets, qRT-PCR analysis at additional time points demonstrated that expression in the Rest +/DEx4 neocortex was reduced at E16, but not P6 and P16 | [3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34419502557&p=1pl&v=1&x=ufamkTL0CRdeKcRvLWsq0Q |
10.1002/emmm.201302567 | Biology_5 | The body's manufacture of the SMN protein from the SMN2 gene can limit the impact of SMA. | SMN2 mis-splicing increased during late-stage disease. | Hence the importance of the team's success, reported online today in EMBO Molecular Medicine. The body's manufacture of the SMN protein from the SMN2 gene can limit the impact of SMA. How much a patient is helped depends on the number of copies of the SMN2 gene they possess. | Systemic ASO injection elicited marked liver and heart pathologies, and resulted in decreased levels of circulating IGF1. SMN2 mis-splicing increased during late-stage disease. Our study also suggests that high SMN levels are not as critical in adults, and there is a broad therapeutic time window for treatment of adult-onset SMA. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/42722-first-animal-model-of-adult-onset-sma-sheds-light-on-disease-progression-and-treatment.html |
10.1073/pnas.1504869112 | Biology_50 | Extrapolating their results to tropical forests as a whole, the team calculated that lianas could potentially reduce long-term storage of carbon in tropical forests by one-third or more. | The increase in lianas, combined with the observations that lianas can reduce individual tree growth by up to 84% and increase tree mortality risk two-to three-fold , has made it pertinent to investigate the effect of lianas on forest-level biomass dynamics to better predict the effect of increasing liana abundance on tropical forests. | The researchers found that study plots with lianas accumulated 76 percent less biomass over the experimental period due to reduced tree growth and increased tree death. Extrapolating their results to tropical forests as a whole, the team calculated that lianas could potentially reduce long-term storage of carbon in tropical forests by one-third or more. The study will be useful in guiding scientists working to predict the trajectory of carbon storage as atmospheric concentrations rise, and it may help explain recent observations that the carbon storage capacity of tropical forests is declining. | Liana-tree competition can be far more intense than tree-tree competition (3), substantially reducing tree growth , fecundity , and survival . The increase in lianas, combined with the observations that lianas can reduce individual tree growth by up to 84% and increase tree mortality risk two-to three-fold , has made it pertinent to investigate the effect of lianas on forest-level biomass dynamics to better predict the effect of increasing liana abundance on tropical forests. These studies indicated that the presence of lianas can reduce stand-level biomass growth by ∼10% and net forest biomass accumulation by up to 18% and that forest carbon stocks decrease with increasing liana abundance ( . | [3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.5 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/PUyOGba13Ho/ |
10.1038/nature14217 | Biology_501 | But this study found widespread differences in how genes are regulated (turned on and off) between the two chromosomes in a pair. | Furthermore, if allelic imbalances of enhancer activities indeed contribute to allelically biased gene expression, we expect that chromatin states at enhancers will be concordant with the expression of their targets. | "Both of these studies provide important considerations for clinicians and researchers who are developing personalized medicines based on a patient's genomic information," said Bing Ren, PhD, professor of cellular and molecular medicine at UC San Diego, Ludwig Cancer Research member and senior author of both studies. But this study found widespread differences in how genes are regulated (turned on and off) between the two chromosomes in a pair. It turns out that we all have "biases" in our chromosomes. | 8a ). Furthermore, if allelic imbalances of enhancer activities indeed contribute to allelically biased gene expression, we expect that chromatin states at enhancers will be concordant with the expression of their targets. Therefore, we generated additional H3K27ac ChIP-seq data sets with deeper coverage and longer sequencing reads (for better delineation of alleles) for 14 of the previously analysed tissue samples and an additional 6 samples from independent donors (Supplementary Table 7 ). | [2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.4 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/02/150218072753.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.027 | Biology_503 | The fact that these cells had remained healthy indicated that the transplants had been successful and that the transplanted cells had not been corrupted as some researchers had suggested they likely had been in other studies, said Dr. Isacson, lead author of the paper. | A general assessment of the integrity of the grafted TH-immunoreactive neurons in all patients revealed cells with a healthy appearance, including a robust cell soma and absence of signs of atrophy ( Figures 1A-1C , 1F-1H, 1K-1M, and 1P-1R). | "We have shown in this paper that the transplanted cells connect and live well and do all the required functions of nerve cells for a very long time," said Ole Isacson, MD (DR MED SCI), director of the Neuroregeneration Research Institute at McLean and a professor of neurology and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School. The fact that these cells had remained healthy indicated that the transplants had been successful and that the transplanted cells had not been corrupted as some researchers had suggested they likely had been in other studies, said Dr. Isacson, lead author of the paper. "These findings are critically important for the rational development of stem cell-based dopamine neuronal replacement therapies for Parkinson's," the paper concluded. | Postmortem examinations demonstrated that grafted dopaminergic neurons survived for up to 14 years posttransplantation. A general assessment of the integrity of the grafted TH-immunoreactive neurons in all patients revealed cells with a healthy appearance, including a robust cell soma and absence of signs of atrophy ( Figures 1A-1C , 1F-1H, 1K-1M, and 1P-1R). In two independent patients at 4 years posttransplantation ( Figures 1A-1J ), an examination of DAT/TH immunostaining at low magnification (Figures 1A and 1F) showed dense DAT and TH expression in the reinnervated putamen and caudate in areas both near to and farther away from the graft. | [2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.5 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140605141505.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1038/s41564-018-0276-6 | Biology_504 | If the coal fire-fueled soils around Centralia, Pennsylvania, are any indication, organisms with smaller genomes and cells may do well in the future. | These results add evidence that supports selection for both smaller genomes and cells at higher temperatures, but also offer a key point of distinction. | If the coal fire-fueled soils around Centralia, Pennsylvania, are any indication, organisms with smaller genomes and cells may do well in the future. The research clearly shows that, for soil microbiomes, hot temperatures result in both smaller genomes on average and also smaller cell sizes, said Ashley Shade, MSU microbial biologist, and the study's lead author. This isn't the case of simply one microbe embracing an economical approach, either; the majority of populations living in the steaming ground have these same traits. | Surprisingly, it also suggests that microbial populations inhabiting complex environments, such as soils, may generally reflect similar overarching traits in genome size to those observed in laboratory studies. These results add evidence that supports selection for both smaller genomes and cells at higher temperatures, but also offer a key point of distinction. Although taxa that were enriched in hot soils characteristically had smaller genomes and cells, there is no evidence for contemporary genome streamlining in Centralia. | [3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37601068214&p=1pl&v=1&x=vr1rdpS21uAb7g2XAsLY7g |
10.1038/s41588-018-0153-5 | Biology_505 | Unlocking the genomic sequence gives scientists unprecedented insights into the unique biology of the koala. | At a continental scale, we show biogeographic barriers to gene flow associated with the Brisbane Valley and Clarence River, as identified by mtDNA studies , and find a barrier associated with the Hunter Valley, which was not previously known in koalas (Fig. | They have sequenced over 3.4 billion base pairs and more than 26,000 genes in the Koala genome - which makes it slightly larger than the human genome. Unlocking the genomic sequence gives scientists unprecedented insights into the unique biology of the koala. Professor Johnson said the uneven response of koala populations throughout their range was one of the major challenges facing broad scale management of the species. | We found evidence of low genetic diversity in southern koalas, consistent with a recent history of sequential translocations (Fig. At a continental scale, we show biogeographic barriers to gene flow associated with the Brisbane Valley and Clarence River, as identified by mtDNA studies , and find a barrier associated with the Hunter Valley, which was not previously known in koalas (Fig. Levels of inbreeding varied across regions (Fig. | [4.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 3.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34448439826&p=1pl&v=1&x=r-Spkb_Bgw9TuPKhig_SUw |
10.1890/14-0169.1 | Biology_506 | "Sometimes they can help invasive species spread in exactly the same way they help native species." | The first is that corridors promote the initial spread of fire ants, in our case from their initial and limited distribution within the matrix where our experimental patches were created. | The findings, published in the journal Ecology, are particularly relevant to Florida, where invasive species like Cuban tree frogs, green iguanas and feral hogs are considered a serious ecological problem. "Sometimes they can help invasive species spread in exactly the same way they help native species." The researchers were initially surprised by their findings because they assumed that invasive species could easily invade a new area without the help of corridors to get around. | In our study system, there are two mechanisms by which corridors could increase population densities of fire ants. The first is that corridors promote the initial spread of fire ants, in our case from their initial and limited distribution within the matrix where our experimental patches were created. Given that the area of two patches connected by a corridor is approximately double the area of an unconnected patch, it was much more likely that connected patches would have been created in the location of an already existing polygyne colony. | [1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.75 | news | http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/8435/20140807/invasive-species-may-spread-via-wildlife-corridors.htm |
10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.027 | Biology_508 | The researchers found that the mice with a single mutated copy of PTEN were more tumor-prone than the mice with a deleted copy of PTEN. | We show that dimer PTEN is active toward its phosphoinositide substrate PIP3 and thereby inhibits the activation of the PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway. | It turned out the answer was yes." The researchers found that the mice with a single mutated copy of PTEN were more tumor-prone than the mice with a deleted copy of PTEN. They also discovered that the mutated protein that was produced by PTENC124S or PTENG129E was binding to and inhibiting the PTEN protein made from the normal copy of the PTEN gene. | Regulation of PTEN function occurs through various posttranslational modifications implicated in PTEN membrane recruitment, subcellular localization, or protein-protein interactions . We show that dimer PTEN is active toward its phosphoinositide substrate PIP3 and thereby inhibits the activation of the PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway. By cotransfecting differentially tagged PTEN variants we were able to reciprocally co-IP GFPPTEN and MycPTEN ( Figure 1A ). | [4.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.666667 | news | http://www.newswise.com/articles/surprising-new-insights-into-pten-tumor-suppressor-gene |
10.1038/s41467-018-06087-3 | Biology_509 | Addition of low amounts of glucose into the environment produced a cooperative interaction between the host and guest protocells such that the two enzymes worked together to produce a spatially coupled chemical cascade. | Self-reconfiguration of host-guest protocells containing spatially separated GOx and HRP produced multi-enzyme vesicle-inproteinosome nested microstructures. | The work opens new perspectives to develop synthetic soft materials endowed with life-like properties. Addition of low amounts of glucose into the environment produced a cooperative interaction between the host and guest protocells such that the two enzymes worked together to produce a spatially coupled chemical cascade. However, increasing the level of the glucose signal turned the guest protocells against their host which led to the pH-induced disassembly of the coacervate droplets and release of the resident proteinosomes. | For example, internalisation of the fatty acid vesicles within the proteinosomes resulted in a 1.7 to 2.6-fold accumulation of positively charged, low-molecular weight solutes (RITC-HRP, αdansyl-L-arginine or RITC-labelled Mb) compared with the external continuous phase (Fig. Self-reconfiguration of host-guest protocells containing spatially separated GOx and HRP produced multi-enzyme vesicle-inproteinosome nested microstructures. Whereas GOx was retained within the aqueous phase of the released proteinosomes, HRP was entrapped specifically within the guest vesicles (Fig. | [1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 2.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37036174206&p=1pl&v=1&x=_dNiyKDpGEqqKRgeX_TcPQ |
10.1126/science.1072290 | Biology_510 | But it wasn't just his wife who reacted this way. | In cells transiently transfected with M50/p35 and M53/ p38, Ca-dependent PKCs were recruited to the NE (Fig. | It wasn't that surprising, she said. But it wasn't just his wife who reacted this way. Friends and colleagues told him the same thing, that he was "kind of not there emotionally," Fallon recalls. | Among the kinases tested, only Ca-dependent PKCs were found to be redistributed to the NE by viral proteins (13) . In cells transiently transfected with M50/p35 and M53/ p38, Ca-dependent PKCs were recruited to the NE (Fig. In MCMV-infected cells, M50/p35 colocalized with M53/p38 and Ca-dependent PKC (Fig. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/psychopath-who-studies-psychopaths-2015-7 |
10.1038/ncomms15679 | Biology_512 | Maybe they will interact differently with heat or electricity, for example." | Feature selection in decision tree ensembles cannot differentiate between primary effects and effects caused by interactions between variables. | They might also have useful properties that diamonds don't have. Maybe they will interact differently with heat or electricity, for example." As Zurek explains, it means that "if you try to indent a material with a sharp tip, a hole will not be made, or the hole will be very small." | The steepest descent direction is the negative gradient of the loss function evaluated at the current model F m−1 , where the step length is chosen using line search. Feature selection in decision tree ensembles cannot differentiate between primary effects and effects caused by interactions between variables. Therefore, unlike regression coefficients, a direct comparison of captured effects is prohibited. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40151614624&p=1pl&v=1&x=B7f4dNZWpH6DeMbmyaCo4A |
10.1073/pnas.1402074111 | Biology_513 | Egypt becomes the 15th country to report a MERS case and the latest one outside the Arabian Peninsula. | At concentrations ≥20 μg/mL, six of seven scFvFcs neutralized MERS-CoV completely (Fig. | He was reportedly being treated for pneumonia and was in stable condition at last report. Egypt becomes the 15th country to report a MERS case and the latest one outside the Arabian Peninsula. According to Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Health, five more people in the kingdom have died from MERS as of Sunday, April 27. | The other three scFvFcs, 1E9, M14D3, and 1F8, neutralized the virus with IC values of 3.21, 4.3, and 6.27 μg/mL, respectively (Table S1 ). At concentrations ≥20 μg/mL, six of seven scFvFcs neutralized MERS-CoV completely (Fig. Three IgG1 Abs also were tested for live virus neutralization; 3B11 had a lower IC value than 1F8 and 3A1 IgGs (Table S1 ). | [1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.4 | news | http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1113132613/mers-studies-disease-camels-egypt-042914/ |
10.1038/s41467-017-00174-7 | Biology_514 | But there are likely other genetic rearrangements that are occurring as a result of that radiation-induced DNA damage. | Supporting our WES data ( Fig. | "Our research identified a specific rearrangement involving the NF2 gene that causes radiation-induced meningiomas. But there are likely other genetic rearrangements that are occurring as a result of that radiation-induced DNA damage. He adds: "In addition, identifying the subset of childhood cancer patients who are at highest risk to develop meningioma is critical so that they could be followed closely for early detection and management." | The inclusion of intron 11 introduces a premature stop codon that disrupts NF2 function through generation of a truncated protein (Supplementary Figs 3B, C). Supporting our WES data ( Fig. 1 core radiationinduced meningioma cohort), we found the mutation rate of NF2 was 3.5 times lower in RIMs, with only two mutations (focal NF2 mutations) identified in RIMs, but confirmed their common occurrence (7/30, 23%) in sporadic meningiomas (Fig. | [1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/brain-tumor-scientists-map-mutation-that-drives-tumors-in-childhood-cancer-survivors/ |
10.1098/rsif.2014.0409 | Biology_515 | "In this case, the sentence length for black Americans is on one side of this point while that for whites is on the other." | Recidivism by age is the only metric by which the non-contagious model roughly reproduces the same results as seen in the real data, though even here the shape of the curve appears markedly rounder than in the California data and lacks the characteristic demographic bulge. | Focusing on the potential effects of the sentence length opens a host of questions for future work, says James Moody, a sociologist at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. "In this case, the sentence length for black Americans is on one side of this point while that for whites is on the other." The model's predictions were borne out almost exactly. | The probability of recidivism is essentially flat with respect to the length of the sentence under a noncontagious model; real data and the contagious model both show that longer sentences result in a decreased probability of recidivism. Recidivism by age is the only metric by which the non-contagious model roughly reproduces the same results as seen in the real data, though even here the shape of the curve appears markedly rounder than in the California data and lacks the characteristic demographic bulge. Based on the lack of correspondence between reality and recidivism data generated under a non-contagious model coupled with the close correspondence between reality and rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org J. R. Soc. | [1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.2 | news | http://news.sciencemag.org/biology/2014/06/prison-contagious |
10.1038/s41587-019-0095-1 | Biology_516 | "We're able to fine-tune the strength of the lock just enough so that the guide RNA still works when it meets its correct match," says Kocak. | 5c,d and Supplementary Fig. | But because the guide RNA would prefer to bind to DNA rather than itself, the correct combination of DNA is still able to break the lock. "We're able to fine-tune the strength of the lock just enough so that the guide RNA still works when it meets its correct match," says Kocak. In the paper, Kocak and Gersbach show that this method can increase the accuracy of cuts made in human cells by an average of 50-fold across five different CRISPR systems derived from four different bacterial strains. | We observed that both AsCas12a and LbCas12a activity can be regulated by spacer secondary structure and that off-target activity can be reduced without altering on-target activity by tuning the strength of the secondary structure (Fig. 5c,d and Supplementary Fig. Truncated crRNAs did not consistently result in specificity increases for either AsCas12a or LbCas12a, indicating that this . | [3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.5 | news | https://www.futurity.org/crispr-tail-accuracy-2036202/ |
10.1038/s41467-018-03989-0 | Biology_517 | Remember that the next time illness lays you low. | During the repeated mental simulation of a movement, the forward models could use the difference between the predicted and the desired outcome as the teaching signal in the updating process, thereby establishing a better and finer motor performance on subsequent overt execution. | By seeing a mental image of a healthier you, you're priming yourself to get on the road to improvement. Remember that the next time illness lays you low. Keep in mind that smart choices are often the ones given appropriate time to consider carefully. | The present study indicates that the motor improvement seen after the mental practice of movements might be due to the forward models running offline based on the efference copy alone during imagery. During the repeated mental simulation of a movement, the forward models could use the difference between the predicted and the desired outcome as the teaching signal in the updating process, thereby establishing a better and finer motor performance on subsequent overt execution. Motor imagery thus truly corresponds to the mind's internal simulation of action that can be used to improve further performance and induce neural plasticity. | [3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.666667 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33950830721&p=1pl&v=1&x=6SzYDxFoMrWx1LMa__YQow |
10.1038/nature09273 | Biology_518 | Two aspects of the CTFS-ForestGEO network gave the data the necessary power, Myers said. | Both experiments provide strong evidence for negative plant-soil feedback mediated by soil biota. | This is big result number one." Two aspects of the CTFS-ForestGEO network gave the data the necessary power, Myers said. One is that the forest plots are large enough that they contain decent numbers of rare species, the other is that all of the trees in the plots have been tagged, mapped, measured and identified down to a small size class. | Such patterns of density and distance dependence are expected to emerge if the process of enemy-mediated negative feedback is operating in the plant community. Both experiments provide strong evidence for negative plant-soil feedback mediated by soil biota. In contrast, above-ground enemies (mammals, foliar herbivores and foliar pathogens) contributed little to negative feedback observed in the field. | [1.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/_tuiUVMBYc0/ |
10.1038/s41467-019-08876-w | Biology_519 | "But we still need to improve the antibodies' neutralization abilities and other aspects before it can become a viable vaccine." | Consistent with the molecular dynamics simulation, we found that the C4S3 loop adopted a relatively rigid structure, as assessed by the low Bfactors (8-12 Å 2 , Supplementary Fig. | "It's important that we were able to generate an immune response to HIV and show that it's possible as a proof of concept," Dokholyan says. "But we still need to improve the antibodies' neutralization abilities and other aspects before it can become a viable vaccine." In the future, the protein design method could potentially help create and personalize vaccines for different diseases in various areas in the world. | The hydrophobic residue L86 also adopts a similar conformation to L265 of Env (Fig. Consistent with the molecular dynamics simulation, we found that the C4S3 loop adopted a relatively rigid structure, as assessed by the low Bfactors (8-12 Å 2 , Supplementary Fig. The two-dimensional 1 H-15 N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) spectrum suggests that C1S1 is well folded in solution (Fig. | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38652836734&p=1pl&v=1&x=zTev5wuYIuxnuIqLKzhByA |
10.1038/s41467-017-02722-7 | Biology_521 | "These results suggest that we are exceptionally similar to our friends in how we perceive and respond to the world around us," they added. | As such, professionally directed movies and television shows elicit more reliable responses within and across subjects than unedited video footage or series of static photographs 38 . | The results revealed that the brain response of pairs who were identified as friends was more similar than pairs who were not friends. Similar Neural Response
"Neural similarity was associated with a dramatically increased likelihood of friendship," the researchers reported. "These results suggest that we are exceptionally similar to our friends in how we perceive and respond to the world around us," they added. | Videos ranged in duration from 88 to 305 s ( Table 1) . As such, professionally directed movies and television shows elicit more reliable responses within and across subjects than unedited video footage or series of static photographs 38 . Such videos are engineered to engage viewers' attention and drive their inferences by inducing particular reactions and interpretations at specific times, and thus, are well-suited for experiments seeking to induce a shared series of cognitive states across subjects 18 . | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33154539729&p=1pl&v=1&x=9j332R5pf-bQLsWCLVmwbQ |
10.1038/s41467-018-05287-1 | Biology_522 | This corresponded to a cutoff of around 1,540 nanometers, which is in the infrared region. | 1b , WG B possesses spectral characteristics equivalent to a waveguide with a smaller refractive index core, resulting in a smaller group index. | In a device using the same material for all waveguides, light tends to travel along the widest waveguide. This corresponded to a cutoff of around 1,540 nanometers, which is in the infrared region. When a light beam entered the filter, wavelengths measuring less than 1,540 nanometers could detect one wide waveguide on one side and three narrower waveguides on the other. | In Fig. 1b , WG B possesses spectral characteristics equivalent to a waveguide with a smaller refractive index core, resulting in a smaller group index. This idea of mimicking a continuous waveguide using segments smaller than the wavelength is similar to a sub-wavelength grating. | [1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.4 | news | http://news.mit.edu/2018/chip-optical-filter-processes-wide-range-light-wavelengths-0801 |
10.1038/s41396-018-0222-x | Biology_525 | advertisement
Their work addresses three signature aspects of microbial communities. | That is to say, given its microbial partners, there is no need for a microbe to retain metabolic pathways utilizing nutrients which it never gets to use in any of the "stable marriages". | "It's almost like a rainforest in miniature." advertisement
Their work addresses three signature aspects of microbial communities. Maslov again compares this aspect to a rainforest. | An intriguing possibility is that the evolutionary trajectory of each species may be shaped by its partners in the SMP. That is to say, given its microbial partners, there is no need for a microbe to retain metabolic pathways utilizing nutrients which it never gets to use in any of the "stable marriages". Over evolutionary time, such unused pathways would be dropped from its genome. | [3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34614781619&p=1pl&v=1&x=nQgxDzl4D_epBxPbxi2LfQ |
10.1007/s00265-014-1810-z | Biology_526 | Such scent signals are picked up from urine that stains the tree trunks rather than feces that accumulate on the ground under the trees. | On 15 of these occasions this behavior occurred in the general latrine area and on six occasions in an identified latrine tree. | Droscher and Kappeler believe the latrines are a way in which to maintain familiarity and social bonding among members of a social unit, who otherwise have very little contact with each other. Such scent signals are picked up from urine that stains the tree trunks rather than feces that accumulate on the ground under the trees. Males visited the latrines more often during nights, when an intruder invaded the territory. | We could observe the focal animals on two occasions to lick and on 26 occasions to sniff the bark of a tree. On 15 of these occasions this behavior occurred in the general latrine area and on six occasions in an identified latrine tree. Experimental translocation of feces The time spent in the experimental latrine ranged between 11 % and 80 % (mean±SD = 29±23) of the observation time in females and between 11 and 39 % (20±7) in males. | [1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.5 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141015210846.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news%2Ftop_science+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+Science+News%29 |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3006159 | Biology_527 | The findings, published Nov. 6, 2013, in the journal Science Translational Medicine, advance efforts to develop bilateral movement in brain-controlled prosthetic devices for severely paralyzed patients. | Moreover, during online BMI control of bimanual movements, such multiplexing of the kinematics of both arms by individual neurons became even more prominent ( fig. | The findings, published Nov. 6, 2013, in the journal Science Translational Medicine, advance efforts to develop bilateral movement in brain-controlled prosthetic devices for severely paralyzed patients. "Future brain-machine interfaces aimed at restoring mobility in humans will have to incorporate multiple limbs to greatly benefit severely paralyzed patients." The monkeys first learned to control the avatar arms using a pair of joysticks, but were able to learn to use just their brain activity to move both avatar arms without moving their own arms. | Most neurons recorded in this study contributed to the predictions of kinematics of each arm ( fig. Moreover, during online BMI control of bimanual movements, such multiplexing of the kinematics of both arms by individual neurons became even more prominent ( fig. It should be emphasized that the distributed cortical representation of bimanual movements could not be described as a linear superposition of the representations of unimanual movements. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 1.4 | news | http://www.newswise.com/articles/monkeys-use-minds-to-move-two-virtual-arms |
10.1126/sciadv.1500060 | Biology_529 | Stevenson and Rillich found that compared with the crickets treated with nitric oxide suppressing drugs which tend to fight longer and have escalated aggression, the crickets treated with nitric oxide did not fight as long nor do they have escalated violence. | NO's effect is manifested in losers by prolonged avoidance behavior, characteristic for social defeat in numerous species. | They found that nitric oxide induces a flight response, which tells the losing cricket when enough is enough and it is time to run away from its aggressor. Stevenson and Rillich found that compared with the crickets treated with nitric oxide suppressing drugs which tend to fight longer and have escalated aggression, the crickets treated with nitric oxide did not fight as long nor do they have escalated violence. The observations suggest that deciding to flee from a conflict is influenced by nitric oxide that involuntarily acts on the nervous system. | Rather than suppressing aggressive motivation, NO increases susceptibility to aversive stimuli and with it the likelihood to flee. NO's effect is manifested in losers by prolonged avoidance behavior, characteristic for social defeat in numerous species. Intriguingly, fighting experience also induces, via NO, a brief susceptible period to aversive stimuli in winners just after victory. | [5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3.6 | news | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/39829/20150315/scientists-find-brain-chemical-that-determines-whether-to-fight-or-flee.htm |
10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.059 | Biology_530 | However, when levels of liver and serum FGF21 were elevated, some white fat cells changed and became brown fat cells, which could increase whole-body oxygen consumption and produce more heat. | Body composition analysis showed that SIRT1 LKO mice had increased fat mass without changed lean mass. | It also led to decreased levels of liver FGF21, which were associated with abnormal fat metabolic changes in liver and adipose tissues. However, when levels of liver and serum FGF21 were elevated, some white fat cells changed and became brown fat cells, which could increase whole-body oxygen consumption and produce more heat. These changes in the fat cells caused by elevated FGF21 protein could help explain how the experimental mice experienced more weight loss, had less fat mass and slowed the progression of fatty liver. | SIRT1 LKO mice appeared to have increased adiposity with more visible fat, possibly due to increased adipocyte cell size. Body composition analysis showed that SIRT1 LKO mice had increased fat mass without changed lean mass. Daily food intake was similar between WT and SIRT1 LKO mice on a regular chow diet. | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.25 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140122104127.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1186/s12915-014-0076-2 | Biology_531 | Prokaryotic cells can be compared to a factory composed of open space where the various employees work side by side. | The presence of a significant α-proteobacterial contribution to all eukaryotic genomes, even those that lack mitochondria or hydrogenosomes, shows that a close association with mitochondria evolved in the eukaryotic stem lineage . | In this way, multiple membrane-bound organelles begin to work together to perform the life processes much more effectively than in a prokaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cells can be compared to a factory composed of open space where the various employees work side by side. This may have helped them crack the code on the formation of complex life. | We suggest that external protrusions evolved in the original proto-eukaryote to facilitate resource exchange with ectosymbiotic bacteria that ultimately gave rise to modern day mitochondria. The presence of a significant α-proteobacterial contribution to all eukaryotic genomes, even those that lack mitochondria or hydrogenosomes, shows that a close association with mitochondria evolved in the eukaryotic stem lineage . This illustrates the ecological plausibility of progenitors of mitochondria being ectosymbiotic bacteria that entered into a metabolic mutualism with the progenitor of the host cell. | [1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.2 | news | http://guardianlv.com/2014/10/scientists-may-have-cracked-the-code-on-formation-of-complex-life/ |
10.1038/ncomms3489 | Biology_532 | "This is consistent with the fossil record, and also with the hypothesis that symmetric 'flight' feathers first evolved in dinosaurs for non-aerodynamic functions, later being adapted to form aerodynamically capable surfaces," Dyke said. | 4) , there is very little difference in L/D between feathered and unfeathered models. | "Significant to the evolution of flight, we show that microraptor did not require a sophisticated, 'modern' wing morphology to undertake effective glides, as the high-lift coefficient regime is less dependent upon detail of wing morphology," said Gareth Dyke, a senior lecturer in vertebrate palaeontology at the University of Southampton and co-author of the study, which was published in the journal Nature Communications. "This is consistent with the fossil record, and also with the hypothesis that symmetric 'flight' feathers first evolved in dinosaurs for non-aerodynamic functions, later being adapted to form aerodynamically capable surfaces," Dyke said. Roeland de Kat, study co-author and research fellow in aerodynamics and flight mechanics at University of Southampton, found the wind tunnel simulations enlightening. | Flat-plate experiments show that in the region of sustained stable flight (that is, regions of high C R ; Fig. 4) , there is very little difference in L/D between feathered and unfeathered models. The most important factor for this theropod was attaining sufficient wing area (for which derived feathers are unnecessary) to glide most effectively; theoretically, all Microraptor needed in order to glide at high C R would was an impervious surface. | [2.0, 4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.4 | news | http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/4042/20130918/wind-tunnel-used-study-evolution-dinosaur-flight.htm |
10.1073/pnas.1709200115 | Biology_533 | Chicks in both the quietest and loudest areas had reduced feather growth and body size, leaving a sweet spot in areas of moderate noise where nestlings seemed to grow fastest. | The finding of a negative linear relationship between noise disturbance and baseline cort strongly suggests that suppression of baseline cort occurs in response to the acoustic disturbance gradient. | "In this study, we were able to demonstrate that dysregulation due to noise has reproductive consequences." Chicks in both the quietest and loudest areas had reduced feather growth and body size, leaving a sweet spot in areas of moderate noise where nestlings seemed to grow fastest. Meanwhile, in the loudest areas, the machinery noise masks calls from other birds - a signal of whether predators are present - chronically stressing moms and nestlings. | This result, which was consistent across species, supports our prediction that chronic anthropogenic noise exposure is an explanatory factor affecting GC signaling. The finding of a negative linear relationship between noise disturbance and baseline cort strongly suggests that suppression of baseline cort occurs in response to the acoustic disturbance gradient. While it remains possible that individual GC responsiveness affects nest site selection, we do not find any evidence of self-sorting based on other quality factors, e.g., body size (Table S1 ). | [3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.75 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/RJD7qdoYZA0/ |
10.1016/j.celrep.2013.07.030 | Biology_534 | In the study, the average lifespan for engineered mice was 28 months for males and 31.5 months for females, compared to 22.9 for males and 26.5 for females in normal mice. | When food intake was normalized to body weight, mTOR D/D mice and WT mice consumed equivalent amount of calories ( Figure 2C ). | In humans, that's equal to gaining about 16 years. In the study, the average lifespan for engineered mice was 28 months for males and 31.5 months for females, compared to 22.9 for males and 26.5 for females in normal mice. The engineered mice, although smaller than the normal mice, also had better memory and coordination, and had stronger muscles. | Analysis of body size ( Figure 2A ) and body weight ( Figure 2B ) revealed that mTOR D/D mice were consistently smaller than their WT littermates, although normalized body composition was unchanged ( Figure S2A ). When food intake was normalized to body weight, mTOR D/D mice and WT mice consumed equivalent amount of calories ( Figure 2C ). mice revealed no significant alterations in glucose tolerance (Figure 2D) or insulin sensitivity ( Figure 2E ). | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.2 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/lowered-mtor-increases-longevity-2013-9 |
10.1098/rspb.2016.0496 | Biology_535 | We found that the epidemic was solely driven by the chromosome region of the bacterial genome." | Our evidence of selective sweeps restricted to the CHR suggests that selection among CHR variants in the soil (i.e. | They found that a handful of bacterial strains dominate local populations of plants and have spread across the state. We found that the epidemic was solely driven by the chromosome region of the bacterial genome." Sachs noted that the epidemic strains are highly successful in the soil and in competition to infect plants, explaining perhaps why they persist and dominate in many different places. | The rhizobial lineages both Bradyrhizobium and Mesorhizobium exhibit genomes with 'expression islands', wherein SI loci are primarily expressed in nodules and CHR loci are primarily expressed ex planta . Our evidence of selective sweeps restricted to the CHR suggests that selection among CHR variants in the soil (i.e. outside the context of in planta symbiosis) might be the driving force structuring these populations. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.seeddaily.com/reports/Bacteria_beneficial_to_plants_have_spread_across_California_999.html |
10.1073/pnas.1307090110 | Biology_536 | Along the way, a major milestone logged was the genome sequencing and analysis of the first member of the archaeal branch of the tree of life ever isolated from a polar environment. | Secondary replicons in DL31, H. lacusprofundi and DL1 had consistently lower codon adaptation (CAI) and codon bias (CBI) indexes than the primary replicons. | Cavicchioli acknowledged that the PNAS paper represents the synthesis of the more striking findings that arose from merging and analyzing collective data sets that have been assembled over the last eight years. Along the way, a major milestone logged was the genome sequencing and analysis of the first member of the archaeal branch of the tree of life ever isolated from a polar environment. "Every time we 'poke an omics stick' in there we find things we never expected," Cavicchioli said. | The unassigned metagenome data could derive from viruses and/or eucarya that are not in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (SI Appendix). Secondary replicons in DL31, H. lacusprofundi and DL1 had consistently lower codon adaptation (CAI) and codon bias (CBI) indexes than the primary replicons. Additionally, the primary replicons of tADL and DL1 possessed extended regions with low CAI/CBI. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130930152743.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1038/s41467-018-06106-3 | Biology_537 | The new protective mechanism is based on oxygen-consuming enzymes that draw their energy from sugar. | The pH value of the buffer solution changed during catalysis from 7.4 at the beginning to 4.4 at the end of the experiment due to the formation of gluconolactone which is readily hydrolyzed to gluconic acid. | The new protective mechanism is based on oxygen-consuming enzymes that draw their energy from sugar. The researchers showed that they were able to use this protective mechanism to produce a functional biofuel cell that works with hydrogen and glucose as fuel. "However, this mechanism consumed electrons, which reduced the performance of the fuel cell," says Adrian Ruff. | Evidently, there must be an additional reason for the deactivation of the polymer entrapped hydrogenase, which is not due to the presence of O 2 . The pH value of the buffer solution changed during catalysis from 7.4 at the beginning to 4.4 at the end of the experiment due to the formation of gluconolactone which is readily hydrolyzed to gluconic acid. In combination with the protons generated by the conversion of H 2 at the bioanode, the local concentration of H + within the polymer/enzyme film exceeds the buffer capacity in the solvated hydrogel and the pH drops to a critical value at which the enzyme is disintegrated. | [2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37129855277&p=1pl&v=1&x=exTYpoiEi-q_6_cMNNANXQ |
10.1073/pnas.0403120101 | Biology_538 | She argues that the DNA results in the study released this week are far from conclusive. | Similarly, the various BAII models, which argue for no clear phylogenetic signal, are also rejected by the results of our analyses. | A subsequent analysis by Cooper and his colleagues of the DNA from the Chilean finds challenged the dates and suggested that the genetic mutation originally thought to have come from Polynesian forebears was in fact a fairly common mutation found in chickens throughout the world. She argues that the DNA results in the study released this week are far from conclusive. "Using modern DNA to understand what people were doing in the past is like sampling a group of commuters at a London Tube station at rush hour. | Specifically, the somewhat simplistic ETP set of models, although perhaps appropriate for describing the spread of the Austronesian languages (43) , are inadequate for biological data in general and for our R. exulans data in particular. Similarly, the various BAII models, which argue for no clear phylogenetic signal, are also rejected by the results of our analyses. In contrast, our data do support the voyaging corridor aspect of both the SBB and the VC Triple-I models, but at this point, with no R. exulans evidence linking Near and Remote Oceania, we would have to suggest that haplogroup III R. exulans was an intrusive component of Lapita, and we therefore find strongest support for Green's VC Triple-I model. | [1.0, 5.0, 4.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140318-polynesian-chickens-pacific-migration-america-science/ |
10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa8419 | Biology_539 | In the current study, the scientists demonstrated that NCMs hidden in the donor lung are the culprit ultimately responsible for initiating the damaging inflow of neutrophils following transplantation of that lung. | We performed PCR and found that residual BAL fluid and blood collected shortly before his death were positive for both M. hominis and U. parvum. | Further, targeting the patient's neutrophils was not considered to be a practical strategy for treatment, given that those same cells are critical for defending the body against pathogens. In the current study, the scientists demonstrated that NCMs hidden in the donor lung are the culprit ultimately responsible for initiating the damaging inflow of neutrophils following transplantation of that lung. But the scientists discovered that NCMs -- a type of immune cell whose structure and function have only recently been described -- are actually retained in the blood vessels of the donor lung. | This patient was shown to have systemic M. hominis infection . We performed PCR and found that residual BAL fluid and blood collected shortly before his death were positive for both M. hominis and U. parvum. On postoperative day 12, he developed mental status changes, and his ammonia concentration was 549 mM. | [3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/kReDhZ6Y_nY/ |
10.1073/pnas.1405000111 | Biology_54 | Contrary to common hypotheses, they found that the most likely origin of migration in this group lay in ancestral species that resided in North America and gradually moved further and further south for the winter. | Contrary to expectations, we found that long-distance migration primarily evolved through evolutionary shifts of geographic range south for the winter out of North America, as opposed to north for the summer. | Their work also offers evidence that many tropical bird species descended from migratory ancestors that lost migration. Contrary to common hypotheses, they found that the most likely origin of migration in this group lay in ancestral species that resided in North America and gradually moved further and further south for the winter. Shifts in range from North America to tropical areas were the dominant pathway for geographical change, and evolved much more frequently than shifts northward from tropical areas. | These results illuminate how the evolution of seasonal migration has contributed to greater niche conservatism among tropical members of this diverse avian radiation. Contrary to expectations, we found that long-distance migration primarily evolved through evolutionary shifts of geographic range south for the winter out of North America, as opposed to north for the summer. Our results further suggest that seasonal migration promoted colonization of the tropics from North America. | [4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 4.5 | news | http://www.newswise.com/articles/study-traces-evolutionary-origins-of-migration-in-new-world-birds |
10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.014 | Biology_540 | "We thought that, under the same conditions if the cells are identical, that both would differentiate the same way, but that is not what we found," Jang said. | Nrf2 inhibition during differentiation further increased the percentages of G1 cells and ciliated cells ( Figures S7B and S7C) , confirming that these changes are features of early NE derivation. | This is significant, Kosik noted, because Nrf2 doesn't usually diminish until the cell has already started to differentiate. "We thought that, under the same conditions if the cells are identical, that both would differentiate the same way, but that is not what we found," Jang said. "Cell fate is controlled by G 1 lengthening, which extends cilia's exposure to signals from their environment. | Furthermore, the G1 lengthening during NE differentiation mirrored changes in the ciliation pattern with a significant shift that occurred between day 0 and day 2 ( Figure 5B ). Nrf2 inhibition during differentiation further increased the percentages of G1 cells and ciliated cells ( Figures S7B and S7C) , confirming that these changes are features of early NE derivation. Consistent with the data from propidium iodide staining, an increased number of red fluorescent cells was observed even at day 1 of NE differentiation, while no significant change was detected during ME differentiation ( Figures 5C and S7D ). | [2.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/fJ8yn-nb8pQ/ |
10.1098/rsif.2014.0985 | Biology_541 | "Our results are based on the activity of ants but we are convinced that our main conclusion that the duration of an activity event is determined before it commences is likely to be applicable as a general principle of animal behavior across taxa, including humans," the researchers think. | The power-law relationship between mean event speed and event duration as well as the significant difference between the exponents for large and small nest were robust to these changes (electronic supplementary material, tables S3 and S4). | Interestingly, study of ant behavior provides some new insights to this old and very intriguing question. "Our results are based on the activity of ants but we are convinced that our main conclusion that the duration of an activity event is determined before it commences is likely to be applicable as a general principle of animal behavior across taxa, including humans," the researchers think. "Universality in relationships at the social level, such as between the size of cities and measures of income, innovation and even the pace of life are stimulating the development of a unified theory of urban living. | The above results obtained from data coarse-grained to a time unit of Dt ¼ 0.8 s were replicated when the data were coarse-grained to time units of 0.2, 0.4, 1.6 and 3.2 s (electronic supplementary material, tables S3 and S4). The power-law relationship between mean event speed and event duration as well as the significant difference between the exponents for large and small nest were robust to these changes (electronic supplementary material, tables S3 and S4). This procedure removes any correlations between the speeds and the events. | [1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.6 | news | http://www.technology.org/2014/11/25/scientists-discovered-universal-pattern-ant-behavior/ |
10.1038/s41467-018-07490-6 | Biology_543 | This is not ideal, especially when treating chronic progressive eye diseases that require slow and sustained treatment, such as glaucoma." | These observations indicated that tumour cells can be efficiently destroyed by activated Dox. | Prof Chen added, "These two current methods only produce a burst release of drug with a short effective duration. This is not ideal, especially when treating chronic progressive eye diseases that require slow and sustained treatment, such as glaucoma." In mice with the patches applied, there was a 90 per cent reduction in the area of blood vessels with a single treatment dose of 1 microgram. | 5h , the 2-2 h-TCO-Dox treatment group exhibited necrotic lesions of the tumours, exhibiting cell shrinkage, loss of contact and coagulation, which was similar to the tumours treated with Dox. These observations indicated that tumour cells can be efficiently destroyed by activated Dox. However, histopathological images of the tumours treated with saline, 2 or TCO-Dox demonstrated that the HeLa cells remained normal. | [1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37749144844&p=1pl&v=1&x=tuBpyE-b3WhK7LvlqlLnrg |
10.1126/sciadv.aaq1442 | Biology_544 | This may be important for use in sensors and actuators. | Thus, for a polymorph a in an alloy system A 1−x B x , the enthalpy DH a (V,x) can be calculated as Here, DH poly, a (x) = (1 − x) DE A,a + x DE B,a is the ideal component of the mixing enthalpy, determined as the polymorph energy interpolated between the end-member compounds; DH W,a (x) = W a x(1 − x) is the nonideal component of the mixing enthalpy arising from interactions between dissimilar substituents of the alloy, with the interaction parameter W a quantifying the enthalpic strength of these interactions and the resulting bowing of the mixing enthalpy; and DH vol (V) is the energetic contribution from volume changes (see the Supplementary Materials for details). | Unlike its parents, the new material is piezoelectric - able to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. This may be important for use in sensors and actuators. Pioneering Work on Mismatched Materials
The experiment builds on pioneering work led by NREL on mixing compounds with atomic structures that didn't match. | However, in an alloy, the polymorph enthalpy DH depends not only on the formation enthalpy and the atomic volume but also on the enthalpic cost to mix the alloy constituents DH mix (x). Thus, for a polymorph a in an alloy system A 1−x B x , the enthalpy DH a (V,x) can be calculated as Here, DH poly, a (x) = (1 − x) DE A,a + x DE B,a is the ideal component of the mixing enthalpy, determined as the polymorph energy interpolated between the end-member compounds; DH W,a (x) = W a x(1 − x) is the nonideal component of the mixing enthalpy arising from interactions between dissimilar substituents of the alloy, with the interaction parameter W a quantifying the enthalpic strength of these interactions and the resulting bowing of the mixing enthalpy; and DH vol (V) is the energetic contribution from volume changes (see the Supplementary Materials for details). Figure 1A shows the DH(V) projection of DH(V,x) for the three considered polymorphs at x = 0, and Fig. | [2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.75 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33938749265&p=1pl&v=1&x=rkwmusOGxwC6SYK2Q_8mEw |
10.1073/pnas.1405237111 | Biology_547 | The variability in those measurements was impressive and interesting in a couple ways. | For the two major compounds required for the CCaT, GDGT-0 and GDGT-5, we obtained 3,047 valid spectra (signal-to-noise ratio, SNR > 5; cf. | Measured ratios of a pair of lipids matched up quite well between the two, showing that the laser technique does indeed work. The variability in those measurements was impressive and interesting in a couple ways. First, there's the sharper telescope. | correlated with the LC-based TEX 86 (r 2 = 0.95, P < 0.0001; Fig. For the two major compounds required for the CCaT, GDGT-0 and GDGT-5, we obtained 3,047 valid spectra (signal-to-noise ratio, SNR > 5; cf. The two minor compounds GDGT-1 and GDGT-2 were observed in adequate abundance (SNR > 5) in 38% of all spectra, and GDGT-3 in only 13% of the spectra. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://arstechnica.com/science/2014/11/more-detailed-paleoclimate-records-brought-to-you-by-lasers/ |
10.1038/s41467-018-05201-9 | Biology_548 | Just as earning or saving potential is learned in our experimental economic game, we believe our pro-earning and anti-savings bias is learned. | While unpleasant events typically evoke relatively stronger changes in affect and attention in both perceptual and decision studies 36 , gains also play a similar role . | Not only does this take a personal toll, but it also strengthens our already misplaced emphasis on earning over saving. Just as earning or saving potential is learned in our experimental economic game, we believe our pro-earning and anti-savings bias is learned. That's good news, because if we've learned it, then we can unlearn it. | By paying attention, an individual is able to impact the salience 33 and value 34 of sensory events. While unpleasant events typically evoke relatively stronger changes in affect and attention in both perceptual and decision studies 36 , gains also play a similar role . Importantly, value not only alters attention, but attention is also central to value, with attention-boosting 34 and inattentionreducing value 40 . | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.25 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37418801583&p=1pl&v=1&x=73RW7lb6WKJLSPi8PSOEbQ |
10.1007/s13592-015-0356-z | Biology_549 | Contrary to the fears of alarmists, however, honey bees aren't going to disappear from the face of the earth. | There was no difference between migratory and non-migratory in commercial groups, but the P value was close to 0.05 (P =0.065). | Now, you're lucky to get one season before Her Majesty dies or needs to be replaced. Contrary to the fears of alarmists, however, honey bees aren't going to disappear from the face of the earth. And she helped gather Minnesota data for this year's survey, as she has in the past, but that may be among the least of her credentials on this subject. | The only significant difference found was migratory sideline beekeepers which had lower losses compared to non-migratory sideline beekeepers (Kruskal-Wallis χ 2 =7.1623, Mann-Whitney P =0.007445). There was no difference between migratory and non-migratory in commercial groups, but the P value was close to 0.05 (P =0.065). Losses of sideline beekeepers using their colonies to pollinate almond was not different than non-pollinator losses, but the P value was again close to 0.05 (P =0.060). | [2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.4 | news | http://www.minnpost.com/earth-journal/2015/05/looking-behind-grim-new-numbers-bee-die-offs-and-what-drives-them |
10.1098/rsos.171474 | Biology_55 | "We found adolescents were not more or less likely to engage in aggressive or prosocial behaviours as a function of the amount of time they devoted to playing violent games," they report. | The semi-partial effect relating violent gaming to aggressive behaviour was r ¼ 0.01. | In Przybylski and Weinstein's review of prior literature, the two researchers strongly argue that earlier research is beset with such problems. "We found adolescents were not more or less likely to engage in aggressive or prosocial behaviours as a function of the amount of time they devoted to playing violent games," they report. Przybylski and Weinstein add, "This pattern of findings further suggests that links reported in the literature might be influenced by publication bias, selective reporting, or an artefact of unobserved or hidden moderators." | larger) to findings present in the existing literature , and in line with proposed minimum practical media effect sizes [72] . The semi-partial effect relating violent gaming to aggressive behaviour was r ¼ 0.01. Further, we derived a 95% coincidence interval around this point estimate that ranged from 20.08 to 0.10 using a bootstrapping approach with 10 000 iterations. | [4.0, 1.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38538076628&p=1pl&v=1&x=7Ko5INusmGh9TtCxVKqTtA |
10.1038/s41593-019-0414-3 | Biology_550 | "These two fields are really benefitting one another," he said. | Furthermore, we show that the strength of persistent activity covaries with the degree of manipulation, potentially explaining the observation that persistent activity varies markedly between tasks. | Complementary fields of research
The study demonstrates how valuable AI has become to the study of neuroscience, and how the two fields inform each other. This also makes biologically-inspired AI networks better platforms for testing ideas about functions of the real brain functions. "These two fields are really benefitting one another," he said. | We show that STSP can support the activity-silent maintenance of information, but that it cannot support the silent manipulation of information. Furthermore, we show that the strength of persistent activity covaries with the degree of manipulation, potentially explaining the observation that persistent activity varies markedly between tasks. We found that short-term synaptic plasticity can support the short-term maintenance of information, provided that the memory delay period is sufficiently short. | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.25 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39430535213&p=1pl&v=1&x=x1sCldipACBVxYyilAInYA |
10.1038/s41592-018-0108-x | Biology_551 | "If we are able to predict how a tumour will evolve, the treatment could be altered before adaptation and drug resistance ever occur, putting us one step ahead of the cancer. | Probability rising, instead, is a measure of the degree of association between two variables, which implies statistical dependence, as it is symmetric (like correlation); see Supplementary Note 2 for further discussion. | "By giving us a peek into the future, we could potentially use this AI tool to intervene at an earlier stage, predicting cancer's next move." "If we are able to predict how a tumour will evolve, the treatment could be altered before adaptation and drug resistance ever occur, putting us one step ahead of the cancer. "This new approach using AI could allow treatment to be personalised in a more detailed way and at an earlier stage than is currently possible, tailoring it to the characteristics of each individual tumour and to predictions of what that tumour will look like in the future." | Binary data are lowerresolution than CCFs but can still be used to create a mutation tree for a patient. Probability rising, instead, is a measure of the degree of association between two variables, which implies statistical dependence, as it is symmetric (like correlation); see Supplementary Note 2 for further discussion. So, it can be used to generate all minimum spanning trees rooted in the clonal group, which is the one whose alterations appear in all samples. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34971680828&p=1pl&v=1&x=2ZAxri6ch0bE8qnsaM4yzg |
10.1038/ng.3303 | Biology_553 | "These findings are a major advance in understanding the genes that play a role in autism," said study author Raphael Bernier, associate professor of psychology and behavioral sciences at the University of Washington. | Observation of the resulting histogram and observed values suggests that genes enriched for de novo mutations do not overlap with genes enriched for inherited LGD mutations or rare disruptive CNVs (Supplementary Fig. | The scientists were able to compare both small mutations of single base-pairs in DNA and larger deletions and duplications of the genome. "These findings are a major advance in understanding the genes that play a role in autism," said study author Raphael Bernier, associate professor of psychology and behavioral sciences at the University of Washington. "Knowing more about these genes will set the stage for personalized medicine by allowing for targeted treatments specific to an individual. | In this model, the simple sum was again significant (OR = 1.20, P = 0.002), but the squared sum term was not (OR = 1.00, P = 0.59). Observation of the resulting histogram and observed values suggests that genes enriched for de novo mutations do not overlap with genes enriched for inherited LGD mutations or rare disruptive CNVs (Supplementary Fig. 9 ). | [3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.8 | news | http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1113389906/looking-for-a-genetic-cause-of-autism-051315/ |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3005656 | Biology_554 | The drug, they showed, could be given systemically or injected directly into the brain, and administered before or shortly after the mice were immobilized. | A significant interaction of genotype and type of conditioned stimulus (F 1,118 = 4.4; P < 0.05, ANOVA) indicated that G allele carriers did not discriminate on the FPS response between danger signals (+) and safety signals (−) during late fear conditioning. | They homed in on one gene that was expressed in the brain and significantly turned down in the PTSD-like mice when compared to other mice. The drug, they showed, could be given systemically or injected directly into the brain, and administered before or shortly after the mice were immobilized. In all cases, it blocked the formation of PTSD symptoms in the animals. | Given the above finding, we collapsed the GG and GC genotypes into G allele carriers versus the CC genotype during differential fear conditioning, in which one conditioned stimulus was paired with an aversive airblast (+), whereas a second conditioned stimulus was not (−) . A significant interaction of genotype and type of conditioned stimulus (F 1,118 = 4.4; P < 0.05, ANOVA) indicated that G allele carriers did not discriminate on the FPS response between danger signals (+) and safety signals (−) during late fear conditioning. In contrast, those with the CC genotype showed an increase in the FPS response to the (+) conditioned stimulus versus the (−) conditioned stimulus (F 1,69 = 12.3; P ≤ 0.001, ANOVA; Fig. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.newswise.com/articles/drug-prevents-post-traumatic-stress-like-symptoms-in-mice |
10.1152/ajpheart.00712.2016 | Biology_555 | "So when you take out this enzyme, and you have elastin and collagen that aren't cross-linked, they have totally different mechanical behavior. | Even though Lox Ϫ/Ϫ AAs and DAs have fragmented elastic laminae and disorganized SMCs, the unloaded outer diameter and wall thickness were similar to Lox ϩ/ϩ AAs and DAs. | In the LOX deficient mice, they observed changes in mechanical behavior and in signaling of groups of genes that appeared to be a susceptibility differentiator in certain sections of tissue; the way they interacted seemed to provide some protection against aneurysm. "So when you take out this enzyme, and you have elastin and collagen that aren't cross-linked, they have totally different mechanical behavior. We expect to see those mechanical differences, but we found that there's this combination of the mechanics and the gene signaling that work together to lead to an aneurysm." | LOX inactivation could also change the expression of secreted factors, the structural matrix, and matrixassociated proteins that constitute the aortic matrisome. Even though Lox Ϫ/Ϫ AAs and DAs have fragmented elastic laminae and disorganized SMCs, the unloaded outer diameter and wall thickness were similar to Lox ϩ/ϩ AAs and DAs. Lox Ϫ/Ϫ AAs and DAs have altered opening angles, circumferential stresses, and circumferential stretch ratios; however, only Lox Ϫ/Ϫ AAs have increased pressurized diameters and tangent moduli. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 1.5 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/engineers-examine-chemo-mechanics-of-heart-defect/ |
10.1038/srep28535 | Biology_557 | He continues, "Changing the combination of both fluorescent proteins and an elastic linker used in the current research was the key in giving us the outcome we got. | The tension sensor demonstrated a clear distinction between prospective neural ectoderm and epidermal ectoderm. | "This study measuring the tensile forces of cells in whole African clawed frog embryos without invasion and fixation is one of the only successful cases in the world, the only other example being that confirmed in a nematode," says Michiue. He continues, "Changing the combination of both fluorescent proteins and an elastic linker used in the current research was the key in giving us the outcome we got. Even though clawed frog embryos are not necessarily suitable for fluorescent imaging, that we succeeded in FRET measurement shows that the probe may be applicable for measuring tension in many other types of embryos, tissues, and organs. | When the sensor is under tension, the elastic linker is stretched and the fluorescent domains are separated, resulting in a decrease of FRET efficiency between the two fluorescent domains. The tension sensor demonstrated a clear distinction between prospective neural ectoderm and epidermal ectoderm. We also found that the neural and lateral epidermal ectoderms underwent similar morphogenesis, whereas their individual cells behaved differently. | [2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.75 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/CBwVYLjoOuM/ |
10.1126/scisignal.2005237 | Biology_559 | They discovered that the intensity and frequency of calcium impulses undergo extreme variation both cell-internally and cell-to-cell. | In some recordings, there was a linear trend through the entire ISI sequence (see top panels of Fig. | (Credit: LCSB 2014)
The instruments in an orchestra produce signals musical notes by causing the air to vibrate. They discovered that the intensity and frequency of calcium impulses undergo extreme variation both cell-internally and cell-to-cell. Accordingly, the information they convey cannot be interpreted by analyzing isolated signals alone. | In some sequences of Ca 2+ spikes, the stationary phase was preceded by an initial transient in the ISI (see Fig. In some recordings, there was a linear trend through the entire ISI sequence (see top panels of Fig. Such a trend, which may reflect slow changes in cellular sensitivity, is not the result of a stochastic process, but it would exaggerate the randomness of ISIs (increase s) if it were not removed. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.25 | news | http://www.nanowerk.com/news2/biotech/newsid=36377.php |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_56 | Eating instant noodles at least twice a week was associated with 68% more cardiometabolic syndrome for women, regardless of what else their diet was made up of. | The consumption of instant noodles was associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women, independent of major dietary patterns. | Neither of those diets on the whole were associated with an uptick in cardio-metabolic syndrome--which is a collection of risk factors for heart disease, type-2 diabetes and stroke including high blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol. Eating instant noodles at least twice a week was associated with 68% more cardiometabolic syndrome for women, regardless of what else their diet was made up of. This effect was only seen in women. | The 2 major dietary patterns were associated with distinct cardiometabolic risk factors. The consumption of instant noodles was associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women, independent of major dietary patterns. The prevalence of overweight in the adult population increased from 26% in 1998 to 32% in 2007 (1) and that of metabolic syndrome in the adult population increased from 25% to 31% in the same time period . | [5.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 4.25 | news | http://time.com/3149497/instant-noodles-heart-risks/ |
10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00306.x | Biology_561 | "We hope [the study] will inspire additional investment in post-war restoration," Daskin said, "in wildlife and their habitats, but also in the socioeconomic conditions that are necessary for supporting wildlife conservation." | Rates of deforestation in Cambodia increased exponentially following the end of the Cambodian civil war as the result of large-scale commercial logging controlled and orchestrated by military field commanders and corrupt forestry officials. | Daskin said that wildlife populations have an amazing ability to recover after a human conflict, even if they sustain significant losses due to poaching, hunting, habitat loss, or perhaps being caught in crossfire. "We hope [the study] will inspire additional investment in post-war restoration," Daskin said, "in wildlife and their habitats, but also in the socioeconomic conditions that are necessary for supporting wildlife conservation." With local agricultural assistance, conservation education for children, and collaborative ecological restoration on both sides of the conflict, the area has seen a massive resurgence in animal biodiversity, and even some alleviation in human poverty. | The looting of landscapes begun during wars can continue unabated into peacetime and may even increase, given circumstances that ensure a lack of military preoccupation with combat activities and a concurrent absence of effective civilian government authority. Rates of deforestation in Cambodia increased exponentially following the end of the Cambodian civil war as the result of large-scale commercial logging controlled and orchestrated by military field commanders and corrupt forestry officials. In instances where government institutions have been overthrown or ceased to function, local nongovernmental organizations and conservationists can help maintain continuity in conservation programs in the absence of support from central government or international organizations. | [2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 2.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32987960103&p=1pl&v=1&x=o0fr_iWaqTQ7yseajK7ooA |
10.1038/s41467-017-02515-y | Biology_564 | Exceptional conditions allowed the dinosaur's feathers to fossilize along with its bones. | Unlike oviraptorosaurs and dromaeosaurids, but as in troodontids, other Tiaojishan theropods, and some basal avialans, ossified sternum and uncinate processes are absent. | aI was shocked by its beautifully preserved feathers, even though I had seen many feathered dinosaur fossils previously,a adds Xu. Exceptional conditions allowed the dinosaur's feathers to fossilize along with its bones. On Caihongas head, chest, and parts of its tail, the researchers saw melanosomes that were long, flat, and organized into sheets. | The furcula is relatively slender. Unlike oviraptorosaurs and dromaeosaurids, but as in troodontids, other Tiaojishan theropods, and some basal avialans, ossified sternum and uncinate processes are absent. The forelimbs in Caihong measure only about 60% the hindlimb length, proportionally shorter than most other basal paravians 23 . | [1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.6 | news | https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/01/new-dinosaur-rainbow-feathers-china-caihong-paleontology-science/ |
10.1186/s12896-018-0443-0 | Biology_565 | This makes the approval process much simpler, meaning that the product should be available in ordinary pharmacies as early as 2021. | The SDS gel showed four dominant protein bands, which all contained the refolded product. | Although initial clinical studies are underway, they will not lead to a marketable product in the next few years. This makes the approval process much simpler, meaning that the product should be available in ordinary pharmacies as early as 2021. "It can easily happen that the proteins are not folded exactly as we want." | 4) . The SDS gel showed four dominant protein bands, which all contained the refolded product. Host cell proteins were only found to a small portion in the lowest band, indicating a high purity of the refolded product. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37220751822&p=1pl&v=1&x=6YR6bfGHO778gzMZlSExag |
10.1038/ncomms6451 | Biology_566 | They're very high density, compact rocks." | Hence, the effect of initial matrix porosity on post-shock temperature provides a good measure of the sensitivity of the temperature estimates to all model assumptions. | "But the meteorites we look at are not little fluff balls. They're very high density, compact rocks." Other factors fail to account for the density change. | Of the assumed model parameters, peak-and post-shock matrix temperatures are most sensitive to the initial porosity of the matrix. Hence, the effect of initial matrix porosity on post-shock temperature provides a good measure of the sensitivity of the temperature estimates to all model assumptions. In simulations that varied the initial matrix porosity between 60 and 80%, we observed increasing post-shock matrix temperature with increasing initial porosity, for the same impact velocity (Table 1 , main text). | [2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.4 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150119090949.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29 |
10.1016/j.neuron.2016.05.020 | Biology_567 | That way you can have parallel processes in the brain for different behaviors." | Initially, males spent $80% of their time engaged in mating behaviors (courtship and copulation), but the percentage gradually declined to $10% over 4 hr ( Figures 1A and S1A , available online). | Rogulja added, "You'd rather change the way all that information gets transformed into purposeful motor output. That way you can have parallel processes in the brain for different behaviors." The researchers emphasize that they were able to quickly translate their findings into a theory of how motivation works at a neurological level because so much was already known about dopamine's effects on behavior and what goes on in P1. | No females are present during the locomotion assay. Initially, males spent $80% of their time engaged in mating behaviors (courtship and copulation), but the percentage gradually declined to $10% over 4 hr ( Figures 1A and S1A , available online). During the assay, males mated an average of 3.3 ± 0.3 times with an average copulation duration of 24.6 ± 0.4 min that did not change with repeated matings. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/7ZzwhsZ-hFw/ |
10.1038/ncomms4081 | Biology_568 | Examples of the same can be found in patients treated for cancerous cells and tumors with radioactive material leading to permanent cell damage in some cases and painful treatment for months before the disease can be cured. | The study thus provides a foundation for a new class of self-propelled, batch-fabricable, soft biological swimming machines. | Malignant cells like cancer cells, tumors and other toxins present inside the human anatomy can be singled out and treated without any form of damage to the rest of the body. Examples of the same can be found in patients treated for cancerous cells and tumors with radioactive material leading to permanent cell damage in some cases and painful treatment for months before the disease can be cured. With further research and development these bots can be trained to bring relief to the countless women on this planet who are struggling to conceive and have to endure months of patient wait for conceiving through methods like artificial insemination. | Although only cardiomyocytes are used as contractile cells in this work, the method is applicable to other homotypic cell types, such as optogenetic muscle cells for light-actuated swimming, or heterotypic cells types, such as turtle cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts for room temperature swimming, and neurons and muscle cells for sensing-based intelligent swimming. The study thus provides a foundation for a new class of self-propelled, batch-fabricable, soft biological swimming machines. The cross-section of the channel determines the shape of the PDMS filament. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.2 | news | http://guardianlv.com/2014/01/sperm-bots-may-make-he-man-and-chimpanzee-man-redundant-for-women/ |
10.1038/nature13595 | Biology_569 | "We can't promise [a treatment] is going to be here today, this week, this year, or even this decade," said Lander. | Given the need for measures that index liability to schizophrenia , the ability to stratify individuals by RPS offers new opportunities for clinical and epidemiological research. | That and similar findings might not lead to better treatments immediately, but the researchers are confident that it will eventually. "We can't promise [a treatment] is going to be here today, this week, this year, or even this decade," said Lander. "But it's definitely going to happen. | The odds ratios increased with greater number of schizophrenia risk alleles in each sample, maximizing for the tenth decile in all samples: Denmark 7.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4-13.9), Sweden 15.0 (95% CI: 12.1-18.7) and MGS 20.3 (95% CI: 14.7-28.2). Given the need for measures that index liability to schizophrenia , the ability to stratify individuals by RPS offers new opportunities for clinical and epidemiological research. Nevertheless, we stress that the sensitivity and specificity of RPS do not support its use as a predictive test. | [1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/broad-institute-stanley-donation-schizophrenia-2014-7 |
10.1111/1365-2656.12871 | Biology_57 | Survival rates were lowest for rabbits which survived MYXV infection and then were exposed to RHDV disease," says Dr Fordham from the University's Environment Institute. | Young rabbits, including those with maternal antibodies to either virus, had significantly lower survival rates than immune rabbits in spring (Figure 2 and Supporting Information Figure S4 ), indicating that waning protection by antibodies result in infection and potentially, mortality, later in the same year. | "The effect of RHDV disease virus on rabbits is enhanced by previous infection with MYXV virus. Survival rates were lowest for rabbits which survived MYXV infection and then were exposed to RHDV disease," says Dr Fordham from the University's Environment Institute. "The findings suggest a continuous benefit from both viruses and maximum impact on rabbit numbers if they act together." | Crucially, we found relatively higher survival rates of individuals susceptible to both viruses compared to those susceptible to RHDV and immune to MYXV throughout the year (Figure 2 ), indicating that rabbits immune to MYXV have a lower survival rate than susceptible individuals. Young rabbits, including those with maternal antibodies to either virus, had significantly lower survival rates than immune rabbits in spring (Figure 2 and Supporting Information Figure S4 ), indicating that waning protection by antibodies result in infection and potentially, mortality, later in the same year. Overall, monthly survival rates of those rabbits immune to both diseases were 92% (CI 90-93%; corresponding to annual survival rates of 28%-43%). | [4.0, 1.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34506942217&p=1pl&v=1&x=OCP5j07SbNKK_Tx7JPH1Dw |
10.1098/rsbl.2013.0958 | Biology_570 | So a rare colour pattern can spread very rapidly until it becomes so common it attracts attention from predatory fish and starts looking like old hat to female guppies. | 22.97, all p , 0.001), rare clean-shaven (all t 548 ! | In guppies, for example, males bearing rare combinations of coloured spots are both less likely to be preyed on and more likely to gain matings in the wild. So a rare colour pattern can spread very rapidly until it becomes so common it attracts attention from predatory fish and starts looking like old hat to female guppies. The selective advantages enjoyed by rare colour patterns explain why guppy colour patterns are among the most genetically variable traits yet studied. | Within treatments, beards, light and heavy stubble were more attractive than clean-shaven faces for rare beard (all t 577 ! 22.97, all p , 0.001), rare clean-shaven (all t 548 ! 7.84, all p , 0.001) and even (all t 538 ! | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/life-style-fitness/49852-beards-may-be-in-but-not-for-long.html |
10.1038/s41467-018-06477-7 | Biology_571 | The study found the exceptional point technique to be unhelpful in a quantum setting, but the research still led to promising results. | (5) and (15) yields: | "We think we've uncovered a new strategy for building extremely powerful quantum sensors," Clerk continued. The study found the exceptional point technique to be unhelpful in a quantum setting, but the research still led to promising results. "The good news is we found another way to build a powerful new type of sensor that has advantages even in quantum regimes," Clerk said. | Turning to the fluctuations in the homodyne current, a straightforward calculation using Eqs. (5) and (15) yields: This extra noise corresponds to the amplification of zero-point fluctuations, and is connected to the fact that quantum mechanically, phase-insensitive linear amplification cannot be noiseless 26 . | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.25 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37599252521&p=1pl&v=1&x=iDCnYWzxnvdZ8F2fxVrrLA |
10.1038/s41467-018-03312-x | Biology_572 | Disorder in the electronic states in a row of ten trapped calcium ions can disrupt the flow of energy among the ions. | For this simple situation of only three sites and Markovian noise, all essential features of the experimentally observed power spectra are consistent with both Lindblad master equation and Bloch-Redfield calculations (see Fig. | Disorder in the electronic states in a row of ten trapped calcium ions can disrupt the flow of energy among the ions. But adding noise to the system can boost the energy flow. Disorder in the electronic states in a row of ten trapped calcium ions can disrupt the flow of energy among the ions. | Beyond this threshold, the extracted power decreases. For this simple situation of only three sites and Markovian noise, all essential features of the experimentally observed power spectra are consistent with both Lindblad master equation and Bloch-Redfield calculations (see Fig. Integrating the measured power spectral densities S 4 (ω) and S 2 (ω) while omitting contributions from elastic (Rayleigh) scattering, we find that the total power re-emitted from the bright state into the waveguide in forward direction P 2 decreases monotonically as a function of applied noise power Φ 2 W (open purple squares in Fig. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/Physics.12.13 |
10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.011 | Biology_573 | Garcia and his colleagues show that diabodies--and by extension, EPO--activate EPO-R by variably altering the structure of the part of the receptor outside the cell. | However, dimer reorientation could be achieved by many different types of engineered scaffolds. | "This would open a new approach to therapeutics through the uniquely tailored manipulation of this medically important family of receptors." Garcia and his colleagues show that diabodies--and by extension, EPO--activate EPO-R by variably altering the structure of the part of the receptor outside the cell. Those changes, it appears, alter the geometry of the EPO-R segment inside the cell in a manner that activates JAK2, the JAK family member associated with EPO-R. Crucially, different diabodies induce different structural changes, affecting how vigorously the JAK2s are activated. | This strategy is applicable to diseases mediated by mutated, constitutively active receptors and could offer the advantage of specificity and reduced toxicity versus broadly neutralizing kinase inhibitors. However, dimer reorientation could be achieved by many different types of engineered scaffolds. A range of altered dimerization geometries could be screened with different dimerizing scaffolds for those that induced a particular signaling profile or functional property. | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.25 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150316101907.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29 |
10.1038/nature09822 | Biology_574 | It's important to note that this is not a study that can be simply extrapolated to people. | Male-male mounting (Supplementary Movie 4) was significantly higher in Tph2 2/2 males than either Tph2 1/1 or heterozygous Tph2 1/2 males: the percentage was significantly higher, duration longer, latency shorter and frequency higher ( Supplementary Fig. | The results, they concluded, suggest "that serotonergic signaling is involved in controlling sexual preference in adult females." It's important to note that this is not a study that can be simply extrapolated to people. There is also not much indication that human sexual preference can be pinned down to a simple neurotransmitter difference. | High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the 5-HT level was significantly reduced in the brains of Tph2 2/2 males (Supplementary Fig. Male-male mounting (Supplementary Movie 4) was significantly higher in Tph2 2/2 males than either Tph2 1/1 or heterozygous Tph2 1/2 males: the percentage was significantly higher, duration longer, latency shorter and frequency higher ( Supplementary Fig. In the bedding preference assay, both Tph2 | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.333333 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/articles/16035/20130530/gay-mice-females-without-serotonin-homosexual-preference.htm |
10.1186/1756-0500-4-284 | Biology_575 | De hecho otros estudios especifican la variedad de queso a la que los mosquitos serian devotos. | The designed trap collected a total of 59 An. | Un estudio del cientifico Bart Knols garantiza que el aroma de pies sucios es embriagador para los mosquitos. De hecho otros estudios especifican la variedad de queso a la que los mosquitos serian devotos. Existen teorias a patadas, pero lo que esta claro es que mantener una buena higiene es basico para prevenir las picaduras. | Such traps could eventually become part of primary healthcare systems used to study the vector biology and epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases. The designed trap collected a total of 59 An. The mean catch per day was 1. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34420624379&p=1pl&v=1&x=zBKY-vPItYSpaM1fG1u43w |
10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.001 | Biology_576 | In a familiar environment our movements are purposeful. | A small motion artifact (dip in fluorescence) followed the initiation of locomotion. | Furthermore, they could also help improve our understanding of movement related symptoms associated with ParkinsonaEUR(tm)s disease. In a familiar environment our movements are purposeful. aEURoeThis is a fundamental issue our brain has to deal with. | Furthermore, the slope of the rising phase of the GCaMP5 fluorescence positively correlated with the velocity of locomotion, indicating higher MSDB VGluT2 activity at higher velocities (Figure 1D) . A small motion artifact (dip in fluorescence) followed the initiation of locomotion. (F) Mean fluorescence increases in the 100 ms pre-locomotion interval compared to baseline (n = 4 mice, mean values ± SEM). | [2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.8 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/researchers-find-speedometer-in-the-brain/ |
10.1016/j.devcel.2016.08.005 | Biology_577 | We discovered that these cells were now able to eat or otherwise remove vast quantities of redundant milk-producing cells." | Csn gene expression epithelia preferentially switch to forming enlarged ducts rather than alveoli. | What we didn't expect to find was a molecular switch that turned milk-secreting cells into cannibalistic cell eaters. We discovered that these cells were now able to eat or otherwise remove vast quantities of redundant milk-producing cells." It turned out that a protein called Rac1 is central for the cellular switch. | Without Rac1, the Figure S1 . Csn gene expression epithelia preferentially switch to forming enlarged ducts rather than alveoli. Where small lobular alveolar units were present, Rac1 ablation had a severe effect on the synthesis and secretion of milk fat (Figures 2A-2C) . | [2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.2 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/post-breastfeeding-tissue-remodelling-explained-by-new-research/ |
10.1038/s41467-017-00525-4 | Biology_578 | "We think the fact that the mitochondria become larger and elongated impairs the cell's ability to clear the damaged mitochondria," Walker said. | Critically, short-term, midlife induction of Drp1 improves proteostasis in aged animals. | In the new research, Walker and his colleagues found that as fruit flies reach middle age--about one month into their two-month lifespan--their mitochondria change from their original small, round shape. "We think the fact that the mitochondria become larger and elongated impairs the cell's ability to clear the damaged mitochondria," Walker said. "And our research suggests dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate with age, rather than being discarded." | Taken together, our findings reveal that the midlife shift toward more elongated mitochondria, in flight muscle, contributes to age-onset proteotoxicity. Critically, short-term, midlife induction of Drp1 improves proteostasis in aged animals. RU486 had no significant impact on the accumulation of protein aggregates in control flies ( Supplementary Fig. | [4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/biologists-slow-aging-extend-lifespan-of-fruit-flies/ |
10.1098/rspb.2015.2406 | Biology_579 | And weall be most likely to find them in the regions where plants originated. | In the presence of rapid global change, LDD will allow species to rapidly reach suitable habitat patches and respond to changing environmental conditions, thus facilitating the persistence of many taxa under habitat fragmentation . | He says weall need plants related to our domestic familiars from which to steal survival tricks as climate changes and pests evolve. And weall be most likely to find them in the regions where plants originated. In 2009-2011, the North American growing region (which excludes Mexico) produced 443 million tons of maize. | Depending on the LDD effectiveness, migratory birds can also promote gene flow among populations distributed along bird migration routes . In the presence of rapid global change, LDD will allow species to rapidly reach suitable habitat patches and respond to changing environmental conditions, thus facilitating the persistence of many taxa under habitat fragmentation . Overall, understanding and quantifying LDD by migratory birds will be necessary to estimate the potential for range adjustment in many species, including invasive species and pathogens, that are capable of exploiting these LDD vectors. | [1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 1.8 | news | http://www.nationalgeographic.com/people-and-culture/food/the-plate/2016/06/six-ways-global-local/ |
10.1002/emmm.201302567 | Biology_58 | The body's manufacture of the SMN protein from the SMN2 gene can limit the impact of SMA. | We also report that the adult-SMA model-like the early-onset model-displays late-stage exacerbation of SMN2 mis-splicing, which likely accelerates disease progression. | Hence the importance of the team's success, reported online today in EMBO Molecular Medicine. The body's manufacture of the SMN protein from the SMN2 gene can limit the impact of SMA. How much a patient is helped depends on the number of copies of the SMN2 gene they possess. | In this study, we successfully generated an adult-onset SMA mouse model. Compared with early-onset SMA, adult-onset SMA may have distinct pathology, as well as therapeutic responses and requirements, potentially reflecting important differences between development and post-development. We also report that the adult-SMA model-like the early-onset model-displays late-stage exacerbation of SMN2 mis-splicing, which likely accelerates disease progression. | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/42722-first-animal-model-of-adult-onset-sma-sheds-light-on-disease-progression-and-treatment.html |
10.1038/s41558-019-0436-6 | Biology_580 | With less snow, the planet's surface will be darker and absorb more of the sun's energy. | The translation of observed X-values into predicted Y-values is not trivial. | The snow-albedo feedback suggests the planet's declining snow coverage will amplify warming. With less snow, the planet's surface will be darker and absorb more of the sun's energy. By comparing differences in climate model predictions, scientists were able to identify which current climate variables are responsible for the greatest amount of uncertainty in the future. | When ECs are used to make predictions, care must be taken to characterise the uncertainty in the observational values of the X variable. The translation of observed X-values into predicted Y-values is not trivial. It is certainly not as simple as finding the intersection of the most likely value of observed X and the regression line relating Y to X, and 'reading off ' the predicted Y value. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38789451352&p=1pl&v=1&x=0GHVhxVrmlfa5Rg-vhDH2w |
10.1016/j.neuron.2013.04.003 | Biology_582 | "All of the connections we had mapped between neurons dropped out." | Given that VIP signaling diminishes during aging , increasingly unopposed GABAergic signaling may weaken SCN neuronal synchrony and contribute to sleep/wake cycle fragmentation in the elderly. | "We proved we had found a GABAergic network by applying drugs that block GABA receptors on the cells," Herzog says. "All of the connections we had mapped between neurons dropped out." Remarkably, when the network drops out, the clock becomes more precise. | Our data suggest that VIP may be the only agent capable of overcoming this destabilizing effect since it is only after VIP signaling is eliminated that the desynchronizing effects of GABA are unmasked. Given that VIP signaling diminishes during aging , increasingly unopposed GABAergic signaling may weaken SCN neuronal synchrony and contribute to sleep/wake cycle fragmentation in the elderly. Supplemental Information includes seven figures and Supplemental Experimental Procedures and can be found with this article online at http://dx.doi. | [1.0, 4.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130605130107.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1038/s41467-018-07600-4 | Biology_583 | Over time, they assemble increasingly smoother sphere-shaped clusters and begin to crystallise. | This raises the fundamental question of whether some colloidal cluster sizes are thermodynamically preferred over others. | Our three approaches are particularly closely linked in this project, underlines Prof. Engel, they complement each other and allow us to gain a deep understanding of the fundamental processes behind the forming of structures for the first time. Over time, they assemble increasingly smoother sphere-shaped clusters and begin to crystallise. It is remarkable how several thousand individual particles independently find their ideal position in a precise and highly symmetrical structure in which all particles are placed in predictable positions, explains Prof. Vogel. | While the dominant occurrence of atomic clusters with magic numbers in mass spectra 4 suggests self-adjustment in their sizes during formation by addition or removal of atoms to reach magic numbers under appropriate circumstances, the number of particles in a colloidal cluster remains fixed in confinement, which allows experiments to explore clusters of arbitrary sizes. This raises the fundamental question of whether some colloidal cluster sizes are thermodynamically preferred over others. Here, we demonstrate that the magic number phenomenon known from atomic clusters extends to the colloidal realm. | [3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37972889807&p=1pl&v=1&x=iBPyFenSwEvA772o5rw2Og |
10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.060 | Biology_584 | Humans are also capable of cellular regeneration to a much less impressive extent. | YAP phosphorylation by LATS1/2 results in its cytoplasmic localization and proteolytic degradation . | This study is not the first time scientists have observed mature cells well past the believed regeneration period give rise to new cells. Humans are also capable of cellular regeneration to a much less impressive extent. So far, this cardiac regeneration was only observed in lab mice, but the team is hopeful that it can be replicated in humans in as little as five years. | The Hippo/YAP-signaling pathway is a critical regulator of liver size . YAP phosphorylation by LATS1/2 results in its cytoplasmic localization and proteolytic degradation . YAP exerts its transcriptional activity mostly by interacting with the TEAD family of transcription factors and activating target gene expression . | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.25 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/regenerative-medicine-breakthrough-pushes-copd-treatment-forward-marks-win-method-329138 |
10.1111/zoj.12054 | Biology_585 | After re-evaluating fossils from sites in Scotland dating to 348 million years ago, Sallan and Coates concluded that Fouldenia and its relative Styracopterus, which previous researchers had classified as the same species, are in fact separate genera. | This is contrary to the simple linear suture illustrated by and the convex suture reconstructed by , but is similar to Benedenius ; L.C.S. | The ray-finned fish really do exemplify Darwin's comment about 'endless forms most beautiful and wonderful,'" Coates said. After re-evaluating fossils from sites in Scotland dating to 348 million years ago, Sallan and Coates concluded that Fouldenia and its relative Styracopterus, which previous researchers had classified as the same species, are in fact separate genera. Sallan and Coates determined that Fouldenia had massive tooth plates on its upper and lower jaws, suitable for preying on hard-shelled animals. | 1G ) or V-shaped (NMS 1891 .53.49, NMS 1891 .53.50-51, GSE 5663, GSE 2136 ; Fig. This is contrary to the simple linear suture illustrated by and the convex suture reconstructed by , but is similar to Benedenius ; L.C.S. pers. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130722103527.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1073/pnas.1609221113 | Biology_588 | When the researchers looked at the neurons of developing mice, they found that ones with the GPT2 mutations produced fewer synapses, the connections between neurons that make up brain circuits. | Similarly, in patient cerebrospinal fluid, decreases in alanine were seen . | For example, some of the differences undermined a process called the TCA cycle, which is important for producing energy and generating building blocks for cells. When the researchers looked at the neurons of developing mice, they found that ones with the GPT2 mutations produced fewer synapses, the connections between neurons that make up brain circuits. They found in the GPT2 mutant mice abnormal metabolite levels related to amino acid metabolism, TCA and pathways required for protecting neuron health. | GPTs serve an important role in a variety of metabolic functions, including amino acid metabolism, the urea cycle, and the TCA cycle, in addition to roles in neurotransmitter (both glutamate and GABA) synthesis. Similarly, in patient cerebrospinal fluid, decreases in alanine were seen . Interestingly, we do not see strong changes in glutamate. | [3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.5 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/k6cH6Ipi5Vk/ |
10.1038/nature24621 | Biology_59 | Within this first release of data, the Earth Microbiome Project team identified around 300,000 unique microbial 16S rRNA sequences, almost 90 percent of which don't have exact matches in pre-existing databases. | We conclude that environment specificity is best captured by individual 16S rRNA sequences, below the typical threshold defining microbial species (97% identity of the 16S rRNA gene). | That could be useful forensic information at a crime scene," he says. Within this first release of data, the Earth Microbiome Project team identified around 300,000 unique microbial 16S rRNA sequences, almost 90 percent of which don't have exact matches in pre-existing databases. Now, we have a framework that supports all that additional context, and which can grow organically to support new kinds of questions and insights." | While entropy decreased gradually at finer phyloge netic resolution, it dropped sharply at the tips of the tree. We conclude that environment specificity is best captured by individual 16S rRNA sequences, below the typical threshold defining microbial species (97% identity of the 16S rRNA gene). The EMP dataset provides the ability to track individual sequences across the Earth's microbial communities. | [3.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.333333 | news | http://www.futurity.org/earth-microbiome-project-1595972/ |
10.1126/scitranslmed.aau6246 | Biology_590 | By refining a therapeutic avenue that was previously abandoned because of its severe side effects, they came up with a targeted approach that was both effective and safe in mice and in human cancer cells. | MRK-560 treatment significantly reduced leukemia burden compared to vehicle-treated mice, as assessed by peripheral blood counts of human CD45 + cells and in vivo bioluminescence (P ≤ 0.01) (Fig. | By refining a therapeutic avenue that was previously abandoned because of its severe side effects, they came up with a targeted approach that was both effective and safe in mice and in human cancer cells. The findings revive hope for translation to patients and have been published in this week's edition of Science Translational Medicine. "T-ALL mainly affects children and is rapidly fatal if left untreated. | *P ≤ 0.05, ***P ≤ 0.001. MRK-560 treatment significantly reduced leukemia burden compared to vehicle-treated mice, as assessed by peripheral blood counts of human CD45 + cells and in vivo bioluminescence (P ≤ 0.01) (Fig. The various degrees of response to MRK-560 treatment were not explained by differences in PSEN1 expression in the PDX models ( fig. | [2.0, 5.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39346780506&p=1pl&v=1&x=IKfPODs-6ywejyqBclqdIw |
10.1016/j.cell.2015.06.045 | Biology_591 | "When this child's mutation was introduced into an animal model, we saw all these dendritic spines form on the neurons," said, Zylka, who is also a member of the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities. | We found that the T485A mutant accelerated the formation of S5a ubiquitin conjugates as compared to WT UBE3A, whereas the UBE3A T485E mutant behaved like the ligase-dead UBE3A mutant ( Figure 4G ). | The child's regulatory switch was broken, causing UBE3A to be perpetually switched on. "When this child's mutation was introduced into an animal model, we saw all these dendritic spines form on the neurons," said, Zylka, who is also a member of the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities. Their findings thus pointed to hyperactivation of UBE3A as the likely cause of this child's autism. | Unlike the T485A mutation, none of these additional phosphorylation site mutations altered UBE3A levels ( Figures S3F and S3G ), suggesting that T485 is the principal site for posttranslational regulation in this region. We found that the T485A mutant accelerated the formation of S5a ubiquitin conjugates as compared to WT UBE3A, whereas the UBE3A T485E mutant behaved like the ligase-dead UBE3A mutant ( Figure 4G ). Consistent with our in vitro assays, the T485A mutant was hyperactive, generating more HHR23A-ubiquitin conjugates relative to WT UBE3A, whereas UBE3A-T485E did not ubiquitinate HHR23A ( Figure 4H) . | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Biology | train | 2.25 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/alternative-therapies/65935-unc-scientists-pinpoint-how-a-single-genetic-mutation-causes-autism.html |
10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.032 | Biology_594 | Professor Cook said developing a reliable means of predicting epileptic seizures for individual patients was an incredibly complex area of research. | This holds equally true for the algorithm described in . | "The hope is that one day this research could help inform the development of assistive technologies that could not only warn people with epilepsy of imminent seizures, but constantly adapt to how their brains change over time." Professor Cook said developing a reliable means of predicting epileptic seizures for individual patients was an incredibly complex area of research. "This is in large part due to how epilepsy manifests itself uniquely in each patient, as well as individual long-term changes in brain signals," said Professor Cook. | showed that seizure prediction is possible using feature engineering techniques , the primary criticisms of their world-first, long-term study was varying prediction performance across patients and a lack of tunability to accommodate patient preferences . This holds equally true for the algorithm described in . On the other hand, the system presented in had the ability to forecast not only imminent seizures, but also times of low seizure likelihood for some patients. | [1.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/zNFpbZqMOBc/ |
10.1038/s41467-018-04251-3 | Biology_595 | To make use of the new coating, a laser is needed. | The EP degeneracy featured by zero scattering eigenvalue splitting is designed at 632.8 nm by optimizing the respective thicknesses of Au and PMMA layers. | The coating, which significantly enhances the slide's sensitivity to light detection, would be added to slides during the manufacturing process. To make use of the new coating, a laser is needed. Zhao says a common helium-neon laser, which can be seamlessly integrated with most microscopes, will do the job. | Spatially resolved thermal mapping. The EP degeneracy featured by zero scattering eigenvalue splitting is designed at 632.8 nm by optimizing the respective thicknesses of Au and PMMA layers. The abrupt EP phase transition can be fully characterized by the quasi-linear response of forward reflection with almost negligible differences. | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33951949529&p=1pl&v=1&x=e8y7ustjAAUaGuSvcP0nKg |
10.1016/j.neuron.2013.08.029 | Biology_596 | The amygdala neurons appeared normal from an electrical point of view, and the whole- face-sensitive neurons responded normally. | If the subject did not respond by that time, a timeout was indicated by a beep (2.2% of all trials were timeouts and were excluded from analysis; there was no difference in timeouts between ASD patients and controls). | "A subpopulation of neurons in these patients with autism spectrum disorder showed abnormal sensitivity to the mouth region. The amygdala neurons appeared normal from an electrical point of view, and the whole- face-sensitive neurons responded normally. Thus, the subset of face-part-sensitive neurons was specifically abnormal in autism," Rutishauser said. | They thus had the same amplitude spectrum and average luminance. If the subject did not respond by that time, a timeout was indicated by a beep (2.2% of all trials were timeouts and were excluded from analysis; there was no difference in timeouts between ASD patients and controls). Pixels with high positive correlation indicate that revealing this pixel increases task performance. | [1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 1.333333 | news | http://www.newswise.com/articles/neurons-in-brain-s-face-recognition-center-respond-differently-in-patients-with-autism |
10.1007/s12263-009-0145-2 | Biology_597 | The effect was even more potent when these diet-induced obese mice (DIO) were treated daily for four days: Their incretin levels increased 10-fold, while their fasting blood sugar plummeted and insulin sensitivity improved. | Resveratrol exists in cis and trans isomeric forms. | Researchers found that in mice who got fat from overeating, treatment with KDT501 before a meal caused them to clear glucose from their blood significantly faster than untreated control mice. The effect was even more potent when these diet-induced obese mice (DIO) were treated daily for four days: Their incretin levels increased 10-fold, while their fasting blood sugar plummeted and insulin sensitivity improved. When they treated DIO mice with both molecules, the mice produced even higher levels of incretins than with either the DPP-IV inhibitor or KDT501 alone. | Resveratrol exists in cis and trans isomeric forms. The most important point about resveratrol is that at a particular range of concentration, it inhibits apoptotic cell death, thereby providing protection from various diseases including myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, ventricular arrhythmias, and cerebral ischemia . The same resveratrol when used in higher doses facilitates apoptotic cell death, behaving in contrast as a chemo-preventive agent . | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.25 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38681835156&p=1pl&v=1&x=xXDTZPEFlwmrJYBXe63Rlg |
10.1038/s41598-019-42251-5 | Biology_598 | You know the seeds are there, but they're hiding," he said. | E-Cadherin expressing NCI-H522 cells exhibited an epithelial growth pattern in vitro, unlike the parental cells, which showed less cell-cell contact (Fig. | Those cancer stem cells, Taylor said, are similar to dandelions in a well-manicured lawn. You know the seeds are there, but they're hiding," he said. Cancers can be like this as well." | Sensitivity to paclitaxel, etoposide, imatinib and gefitinib did not correlate with vimentin expression (Fig. E-Cadherin expressing NCI-H522 cells exhibited an epithelial growth pattern in vitro, unlike the parental cells, which showed less cell-cell contact (Fig. Exposure of reconstituted cells to either U0126 or 4 did not affect expression of exogenous E-cadherin (Fig. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39648992542&p=1pl&v=1&x=Z_STrOemJeL57Svz8NHfKQ |
10.1038/s41467-019-09348-x | Biology_599 | It was an incredibly good guess, one that remains solid in the face of time and experiment, and is now a fundamental principle in quantum mechanics. | The reversible transformations (for example, possible time evolutions) of pure states of C d are the unitary transformations ψ → U ψ with U ∈ U(d). | It was an incredibly good guess, one that remains solid in the face of time and experiment, and is now a fundamental principle in quantum mechanics. But a bold new attempt to rewrite it could be the break we've been looking for to finally understand it in full. They're not the first to look for deeper truths to this most mind-boggling of quantum principles. | This notation is justified, since all countably infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces are isomorphic [32] . The reversible transformations (for example, possible time evolutions) of pure states of C d are the unitary transformations ψ → U ψ with U ∈ U(d). The joint pure states of systems C a and C b are the rays of the tensor-product Hilbert space C a ⊗ C b . | [2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38677089503&p=1pl&v=1&x=xYxE2q0X5zuFs01gWNCmoA |
10.1210/en.2015-2036 | Biology_6 | In mice, vitamin D signaling inhibited the expression of ID1. | We validated that Id1 expression was up-regulated in both tumors from vitamin D-deficient mice as well as in the VDR KD cells (Figure 3, A and B) . | In mice, vitamin D signaling inhibited the expression of ID1. When these mice were deficient in serum vitamin D, due to a vitamin-D-deficient diet, ID1 expression was no longer suppressed. These results suggested that vitamin D deficiency acts in a cell autonomous manner, rather than systematically, to affect breast cancer. | This 'hit' was of particular interest because of the role of Id1 in BCa progression and most intriguing because calcitriol was found to induce, rather than repress, ID1 expression in a colon carcinoma cell line . We validated that Id1 expression was up-regulated in both tumors from vitamin D-deficient mice as well as in the VDR KD cells (Figure 3, A and B) . To test whether the regulation of Id1 by VDR is ligand dependent in BCa cells, we treated 168FARN cells with calcitriol and showed that this treatment represses the expression of Id1 ( Figure 3C ). | [3.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2.333333 | news | http://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/lack-of-vitamin-d-may-encourage-breast-cancer-metastasis/article/485433/ |
10.1073/pnas.1504869112 | Biology_60 | The researchers found that study plots with lianas accumulated 76 percent less biomass over the experimental period due to reduced tree growth and increased tree death. | The increase in lianas, combined with the observations that lianas can reduce individual tree growth by up to 84% and increase tree mortality risk two-to three-fold , has made it pertinent to investigate the effect of lianas on forest-level biomass dynamics to better predict the effect of increasing liana abundance on tropical forests. | The researchers found that study plots with lianas accumulated 76 percent less biomass over the experimental period due to reduced tree growth and increased tree death. Extrapolating their results to tropical forests as a whole, the team calculated that lianas could potentially reduce long-term storage of carbon in tropical forests by one-third or more. The study will be useful in guiding scientists working to predict the trajectory of carbon storage as atmospheric concentrations rise, and it may help explain recent observations that the carbon storage capacity of tropical forests is declining. | Liana-tree competition can be far more intense than tree-tree competition (3), substantially reducing tree growth , fecundity , and survival . The increase in lianas, combined with the observations that lianas can reduce individual tree growth by up to 84% and increase tree mortality risk two-to three-fold , has made it pertinent to investigate the effect of lianas on forest-level biomass dynamics to better predict the effect of increasing liana abundance on tropical forests. These studies indicated that the presence of lianas can reduce stand-level biomass growth by ∼10% and net forest biomass accumulation by up to 18% and that forest carbon stocks decrease with increasing liana abundance ( . | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Biology | train | 2.5 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/PUyOGba13Ho/ |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3009759 | Biology_601 | It could be that taking antibiotics at the wrong time during pregnancy is creating abnormalities in the blood-brain barrier of the child, she says. | The increased permeability of the BBB in germ-free adult mice may partly be the consequence of disorganized tight junctions, as shown by electron microscopy analysis, and low expression of the transmembrane tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-5. | But at the very least, the findings point toward a new understanding of human health and disease, says Lora Hooper, an immunologist at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas who was not involved in the work. Scientists, Hooper adds, should also investigate whether microbes help spur the development of the human fetus's blood-brain barrier. It could be that taking antibiotics at the wrong time during pregnancy is creating abnormalities in the blood-brain barrier of the child, she says. | Furthermore, our data show that a more permeable BBB is observed in the fetal mice with germ-free mothers at E16.5 to E18.5 days of embryonic development compared to the fetal mice with pathogenfree mothers at the same stages of development. The increased permeability of the BBB in germ-free adult mice may partly be the consequence of disorganized tight junctions, as shown by electron microscopy analysis, and low expression of the transmembrane tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-5. The "conventionalization" of germ-free adult mice through transplant of the fecal microbiota from pathogen-free adult mice or by administering bacterial strains that produce SCFAs reinforced the integrity of the mouse BBB. | [1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 2 | news | http://news.sciencemag.org/biology/2014/11/bodys-bacteria-may-keep-our-brains-healthy |
10.1016/j.ntt.2014.11.002 | Biology_603 | "If we can find these health problems early on in preclinical testing, it has the potential of saving them a lot of money," Potts says. | No effect of time (GLMM; z = −0.70, p = 0.49) or time by treatment was detected (GLMM; z = 0.65, p = 0.52). | The study will be published in the January-February issue of Neurotoxicology and Teratology, which has posted a preprint online. "If we can find these health problems early on in preclinical testing, it has the potential of saving them a lot of money," Potts says. Laboratory mice that are only slightly less healthy may not appear so when given ample food and living space. | Control breeders produced an average of 4.54 (SEM +0.45, − 0.41) pups in their first litter, while paroxetine-exposed breeders produced 4.09 (+ 0.83, − 0.75) pups in their first litter. No effect of time (GLMM; z = −0.70, p = 0.49) or time by treatment was detected (GLMM; z = 0.65, p = 0.52). Offspring from paroxetine-exposed breeders weighed less at weaning than offspring from control breeders. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141215094147.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1126/sciadv.aat4505 | Biology_604 | Now, Waters may have found such a style. | Since burial, these zones have remained intact with minimal disturbance. | Worse still, they had no way of consistently identifying pre-Clovis stone tools, which--unlike the easy-to-recognize Clovis points--didn't seem to have a unified style. Now, Waters may have found such a style. Waters's team uncovered 11 western stemmed points in a layer of sediment about 15 centimeters below the earliest Clovis points at the site, meaning they are almost certainly older. | This shows that there were sequential occupations on the Buttermilk Creek floodplain that were incrementally buried over time by sediment during repeated overbank events over the last 13 ka. Since burial, these zones have remained intact with minimal disturbance. At the Friedkin site, these point styles are generally in chronostratigraphic order, with two Andice points occurring with two Wells points near the top of this zone, two Baird points below these, and eight Angostura points in the lowest portion of the Middle Archaic and Early Archaic zone. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37487404064&p=1pl&v=1&x=Xu4_ceCprmz50ykSJe_jOg |
10.1098/rstb.2017.0259 | Biology_606 | And in 4 percent of the cases, these encounters turned sexual. | If crows exhibit a danger response, we expect higher rates of alarm calling and recruitment coupled with lower rates of contact in contrast to heterospecifics. | But in 24 percent of the cases, something overwhelmed those instincts and the birds would touch, pull, drag, or peck at the corpses. And in 4 percent of the cases, these encounters turned sexual. "In the most dramatic examples, a crow would approach the dead crow while alarm calling, copulate with it, be joined in the sexual frenzy by its presumed mate, and then rip it into absolute shreds," Swift wrote. | If such information acquisition motivates tactile interactions, we expect that interactions will be coupled with alarm calling and recruitment, be primarily non-aggressive in nature and occur frequently and uniformly across the study period. If crows exhibit a danger response, we expect higher rates of alarm calling and recruitment coupled with lower rates of contact in contrast to heterospecifics. We expect that the life-like crow will result in scolding and divebombing, but infrequent recruitment, and that contact will be primarily aggressive. | [3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.75 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34585550159&p=1pl&v=1&x=WyV3BKDktHbHhzNbbBgu3Q |
10.1016/j.resmic.2008.06.001 | Biology_607 | And five gray is fatal to a human being. | Three additional opportunistic pathogens, A. terreus, Fusarium solani, and Candida albicans, were not detected in the dust (data not given). | Half a gray, delivered in one blast, is enough to give a person radiation sickness. And five gray is fatal to a human being. The spores also survived 3,000 joules per metre squared of the ultraviolet radiation. | Of the 36 species in the standard ERMI analysis, 17 were detected at some concentration. Three additional opportunistic pathogens, A. terreus, Fusarium solani, and Candida albicans, were not detected in the dust (data not given). This approach gave the crew an estimate of the number of viable microbes relatively quickly (depending on microbial growth rate). | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39566649444&p=1pl&v=1&x=k13F-OtaawvZF0Lci2zbqg |
10.1089/nat.2018.0772 | Biology_608 | This thoughtful set of guidelines has now been endorsed by both the board of the Oligonucleotide Therapeutic Society and the editorial board of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics. | Researchers should take the responsibility of being their own greatest skeptic. | This thoughtful set of guidelines has now been endorsed by both the board of the Oligonucleotide Therapeutic Society and the editorial board of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics. This paper reinforces our continuing commitment to improving experimental design and we encourage submission of further commentaries that share this goal," says Executive Editor Graham C. Parker, PhD, The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI. | Regardless of the exact nature of the application, the burden is on editors, reviewers, and readers to demand that this information be supplied. Researchers should take the responsibility of being their own greatest skeptic. They should clearly describe the experimental evidence that leads them to conclude that observed effects are likely due to the engagement of their synthetic oligonucleotide with the intended, complementary target sequence. | [4.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38920544801&p=1pl&v=1&x=JbRzmeZCPkZGV_xJefDymw |
10.1111/ele.12889 | Biology_609 | Millions of Canadians inhaled poor-quality air for weeks. | The proportion of dry forest sites with seedling densities exceeding recruitment thresholds was also lower after 21st-century wildfires, declining from 49% (in sites that burned prior to 2000) to 30% (in sites burned since 2000; v 2 = 14.3, P = 0.0002). | The asthma-aggravating smoke travelled hundreds of kilometres across the Prairies. Millions of Canadians inhaled poor-quality air for weeks. And we're still adding new charges to our bill. | 2, v 2 = 8.5, P = 0.004). The proportion of dry forest sites with seedling densities exceeding recruitment thresholds was also lower after 21st-century wildfires, declining from 49% (in sites that burned prior to 2000) to 30% (in sites burned since 2000; v 2 = 14.3, P = 0.0002). Moist forest types exhibited a similar decline in regeneration (v 2 > 7.5, P < 0.01), but the proportion of sites with seedlings or densities exceeding recruitment thresholds was greater than 65% in both time periods, declining from 91 to 65%. | [3.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1.666667 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39580911059&p=1pl&v=1&x=IuvihixhWX9v9GXWblNagQ |
10.3945/jn.113.188441 | Biology_61 | In addition, men and women's varied eating habits and differences in the accuracy of food reporting may play a role in the gender gap. | The positive association between instant noodles and metabolic syndrome seen in younger, more active, and leaner women suggests that the hazards of instant noodles might not be overcome by the beneficial health effects of increased physical activity, weight loss, and young age. | He said that can likely be attributed to biological differences (such as sex hormones and metabolism) between the sexes, as well as obesity and metabolic syndrome components. In addition, men and women's varied eating habits and differences in the accuracy of food reporting may play a role in the gender gap. Regardless of the gender-related findings or their causes, Dr. Shin said, the study represents the importance of understanding the foods we feed our bodies. | In our study, the association between instant noodles and metabolic syndrome differed significantly between genders, and there was no effect modification of this association by age, BMI, or physical activity. The positive association between instant noodles and metabolic syndrome seen in younger, more active, and leaner women suggests that the hazards of instant noodles might not be overcome by the beneficial health effects of increased physical activity, weight loss, and young age. Our study had several limitations. | [4.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Biology | train | 1 | news | http://www.newswise.com/articles/can-instant-noodles-lead-to-heart-disease-diabetes-and-stroke |
10.1073/pnas.1504869112 | Biology_62 | The researchers found that study plots with lianas accumulated 76 percent less biomass over the experimental period due to reduced tree growth and increased tree death. | These studies indicated that the presence of lianas can reduce stand-level biomass growth by ∼10% and net forest biomass accumulation by up to 18% and that forest carbon stocks decrease with increasing liana abundance ( . | The researchers found that study plots with lianas accumulated 76 percent less biomass over the experimental period due to reduced tree growth and increased tree death. Extrapolating their results to tropical forests as a whole, the team calculated that lianas could potentially reduce long-term storage of carbon in tropical forests by one-third or more. The study will be useful in guiding scientists working to predict the trajectory of carbon storage as atmospheric concentrations rise, and it may help explain recent observations that the carbon storage capacity of tropical forests is declining. | The increase in lianas, combined with the observations that lianas can reduce individual tree growth by up to 84% and increase tree mortality risk two-to three-fold , has made it pertinent to investigate the effect of lianas on forest-level biomass dynamics to better predict the effect of increasing liana abundance on tropical forests. These studies indicated that the presence of lianas can reduce stand-level biomass growth by ∼10% and net forest biomass accumulation by up to 18% and that forest carbon stocks decrease with increasing liana abundance ( . Nonetheless, these initial studies indicate that increasing liana abundance may alter the carbon balance and cycle of tropical forests by reducing forestlevel carbon storage and sequestration. | [5.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Biology | train | 3.2 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/PUyOGba13Ho/ |