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The paper presents an investigation of agroecosystem dynamics with an application to wheat yield data in England over the period 1885-2012. The analysis relies on a Threshold Quantile Autoregressive model. The model allows for lag effects to vary across quantiles of the distribution as well as with the values taken by the lagged variables. The analysis documents the dynamics and persistence of yield adjustments to shocks. The estimates indicate the presence of dynamic instability in the lower quantile of the distribution. The analysis shows that, after controlling for the role of technological trend, wheat yield exhibits resilience to adverse weather shocks.

Chavas, JP; Di Falco, S

Resilience, Weather and Dynamic Adjustments in Agroecosystems: The Case of Wheat Yield in England

Environmental & Resource Economics

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-015-9987-9

There is increasing emphasis from funding agencies on transdisciplinary approaches to integrate science and end-users. However, transdisciplinary research can be laborious and costly and knowledge of effective collaborative processes in these endeavors is incomplete. More guidance grounded in actual project experiences is needed. Thus, this article describes and examines the collaborative process of the Ecological Effects of Sea Level Rise in the Northern Gulf of Mexico transdisciplinary research project, including its development, implementation, and evaluation. Reflections, considerations, and lessons learned from firsthand experience are shared, supported with examples, and connected to relevant scholarly literature.

DeLorme, DE; Kidwell, D; Hagen, SC; Stephens, SH

Developing and managing transdisciplinary and transformative research on the coastal dynamics of sea level rise: Experiences and lessons learned

Earths Future

https://doi.org/10.1002/2015EF000346

The potential economic and agronomic impacts of gradual climate warming are examined at the farm level. Three models of the relevant climatic, agronomic, and economic processes are developed and linked to address climate change impacts and agricultural adaptability. Several climate warming scenarios are analyzed, which vary in severity. The results indicate that grain farmers in southern Minnesota can effectively adapt to a gradually changing climate (wanner and either wetter or drier) by adopting later maturing cultivars, changing crop mix, and altering the timing of field operations to take advantage of a longer growing season resulting from climate warming.

KAISER, HM; RIHA, SJ; WILKS, DS; ROSSITER, DG; SAMPATH, R

A FARM-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC AND AGRONOMIC IMPACTS OF GRADUAL CLIMATE WARMING

American Journal Of Agricultural Economics

https://doi.org/10.2307/1242923

COVID-19 recovery is an opportunity to enhance life chances by Building Back Better, an objective promoted by the UN and deployed politically at national level. To help understand emergent and intentional opportunities to Build Back Better, we propose a research agenda drawing from geographical thinking on social contracts, assemblage theory and the politics of knowledge. This points research towards the ways in which everyday and professional knowledge cocreation constrains vision and action. Whose knowledge is legitimate, how legitimacy is ascribed and the place of science, the media and government in these processes become sites for progressive Building Back Better.

Pelling, M; Adams, H; Adamson, G; Barcena, A; Blackburn, S; Borie, M; Donovan, A; Ogra, A; Taylor, F; Yi, L

Building back better from COVID-19: Knowledge, emergence and social contracts

Progress In Human Geography

https://doi.org/10.1177/03091325211059569

Moral hazard in natural disaster insurance markets results in policyholders preparing less, increasing the risk they face. However, moral hazard may not arise, due to high risk aversion or market context. We study the relationship between disaster risk reduction and insurance coverage to assess the presence of moral hazard for two different natural hazards, using four econometric models on survey data from Germany and the United States. The results show that moral hazard is absent. Nevertheless, adverse risk selection may be present. This has significant policy relevance such as opportunities for strengthening the link between insurance and risk reduction measures. (JEL Q54)

Hudson, P; Botzen, WJW; Czajkowski, J; Kreibich, H

Moral Hazard in Natural Disaster Insurance Markets: Empirical Evidence from Germany and the United States

Land Economics

https://doi.org/10.3368/le.93.2.179

Farmers in Kisumu and Trans Nzoia counties, Kenya, were aware of more adaptation than coping measures for dealing with rainfall variability both on and off-farm. Interviews with female and male farmer groups revealed that they all experienced challenges related to increasing rainfall variability whether or not they had regular access to advisory services. Men identified more measures than women and had better access to learning sources. Farmers in Kisumu were aware of more measures than those in Trans Nzoia but thought them less effective. Money, knowledge and labor were the most limiting factors preventing the uptake of adaptation measures.

Nyberg, Y; Jonsson, M; Ambjörnsson, EL; Wetterlind, J; Öborn, I

Smallholders' awareness of adaptation and coping measures to deal with rainfall variability in Western Kenya

Agroecology And Sustainable Food Systems

https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2020.1782305

Relational values have the potential to facilitate the inclusion of Indigenous perspectives in environmental governance. This paper explores relational values as discussed in studies pertaining to Inuit knowledge in Canada. Relational values foster a greater appreciation of the role of nature in Inuit lives. Paying attention to relational values may facilitate the inclusion of culturally-specific narratives pertinent to the priorities of Indigenous peoples in decision-making. Relational values may also add context to complex, cross-cutting issues, and help set the foundation for transdisciplinary exchange on a number of key themes pertinent to Inuit, and potentially other Indigenous peoples.

Sheremata, M

Listening to relational values in the era of rapid environmental change in the Inuit Nunangat

Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.10.017

The lack of effective communication about climate risk has contributed to improper interpretation of scientific findings pertaining to climate change and to poor mobilization of vulnerable groups for developing appropriate response actions. This article describes communication efforts undertaken in Ghana, India, Malawi, and Mongolia to develop and implement climate risk communication strategies that emphasize collective knowledge generation between researchers and stakeholders. The studies underscored the critical importance of presenting complex information in locally relevant terms to facilitate shared understanding of climate risk issues and that knowledge co-generation and social learning between researchers and communities are key to developing context-appropriate risk communication approaches.

Padgham, J; Devisscher, T; Togtokh, C; Mtilatila, L; Kaimila, E; Mansingh, I; Agyemang-Yeboah, F; Obeng, FK

Building Shared Understanding and Capacity for Action: Insights on Climate Risk Communication from India, Ghana, Malawi, and Mongolia

International Journal Of Communication

Urban planning can play a potentially meaningful role in managing the risks of climate change. It is, however, unclear to what extent planning practice can be transformed in order to address these risks effectively in the global south. Using Johannesburg in South Africa as an illustrative case and the interrelated challenges of flood risks and informal growth as an example, it is demonstrated how the identification of a particular planning practice with historically informed values of justice substantially constrains the realization of adaptive planning options. Correspondingly, its implications for managing flood risks of climate change through planning under conditions of urban divide are outlined.

Hetz, K; Bruns, A

Urban planning lock-in: implications for the realization of adaptive options towards climate change risks

Water International

https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2014.962679

This study examined the vulnerability of smallholder livestock farmers in North-West Ghana to climate change using data obtained from 200 livestock farmers obtained through the administration of a semi-structured questionnaire. The Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) approach was used to examine the levels of vulnerability. The study compared the vulnerability between the Nandom district and the Lawra district. The empirical results revealed that livestock farmers are more vulnerable to climatic extremes in the Nandom district than the Lawra district. The study highlights the critical role of the government regarding education and construction of water resources, among others.

Shaibu, MT; Onumah, EE; Al-Hassan, RM; Kuwornu, JKM

Comparative assessment of vulnerability of smallholder livestock farmers to climate change in North-West Ghana

Local Environment

https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2020.1802585

This article evaluates the quality of forty official community plans in southern British Columbia, Canada, by administering a plan quality evaluation protocol based on those developed in previous studies. Results indicate that the plans are well crafted in laying out a vision for the future and specifying goals and policies to achieve the vision. Conversely, they are weak in features relating to implementation, monitoring, and evaluation, which casts doubt on the extent to which their vision statements will be realized and goals achieved. Findings corroborate those of previous researchers regarding the lack of attention paid by municipalities to plan implementation.

Stevens, MR

Evaluating the Quality of Official Community Plans in Southern British Columbia

Journal Of Planning Education And Research

https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X13505649

Previous research has postulated that climate change will lead to mass migration. However, the linkages postulated between the two have not been explicitly demonstrated but have rather been derived from 'common sense'. In this paper, the connection between climate change and migration via two mechanisms, sea level rise and floods, is investigated and depicted in conceptual models. In both cases, a connection can be traced and the linkages are made explicit. However, the study also clearly shows that the connection is by no means deterministic but depends on numerous factors relating to the vulnerability of the people and the region in question.

Perch-Nielsen, S; Bättig, M; Imboden, D

Exploring the link between climate change and migration

Climatic Change

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-008-9416-y

This paper reviews the practice and research trends in disaster resilience and disaster risk reduction literature since 2012. It applies the rapid appraisal methodology to explore developments in the field and to identify key themes in research and practice. In particular, the paper examines how the emerging themes of disaster risk reduction from the Sendai Framework are being integrated into health risk management and disaster governance paradigms. The research findings identify three important emerging themes: socialization of responsibility for resilience; ongoing interest in risk management with an emphasis on public private partnerships as enabling mechanisms; and a nuanced exploration of the concept of adaptive resilience.

Tiernan, A; Drennan, L; Nalau, J; Onyango, E; Morrissey, L; Mackey, B

A review of themes in disaster resilience literature and international practice since 2012

Policy Design And Practice

https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2018.1507240

Detailed spatial representation of socioeconomic exposure and the related vulnerability to natural hazards has the potential to improve the quality and reliability of risk assessment outputs. We apply a spatially weighted dasymetric approach based on multiple ancillary data to downscale important socioeconomic variables and produce a grid data set for Italy that contains multilayered information about physical exposure, population, gross domestic product, and social vulnerability. We test the performances of our dasymetric approach compared to other spatial interpolation methods. Next, we combine the grid data set with flood hazard estimates to exemplify an application for the purpose of risk assessment.

Amadio, M; Mysiak, J; Marzi, S

Mapping Socioeconomic Exposure for Flood Risk Assessment in Italy

Risk Analysis

https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13212

This article surveys state-mandated programs in the United States aimed at providing natural catastrophe insurance to property owners and businesses unable to find policies in the private market. The article provides an overview of ten state programs that offer wind or earthquake coverage and outlines the motivation for establishing such programs. The implications of design and operation decisions, such as pricing strategies and contract options, are discussed, as well as how these programs interact with the private property insurance market. Finally, the article examines whether such programs can handle a truly catastrophic loss year and describes proposals for federal support of these programs.

Kousky, C

Policy Monitor Managing Natural Catastrophe Risk: State Insurance Programs in the United States

Review Of Environmental Economics And Policy

https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/req020

In line with the European Union's (EU) commitment to the United Nations mandated sustainable development, implementation is under way across various policy sectors. An example of this is the mainstreaming of environmental concerns and the integration of environmental aspects in non-environmental policy fields. This article considers the status of environmental concerns in EU policy on outer space. Despite the EU's complex institutional setup, the cooperation within the space policy sector indicates that EU space policy making adheres to the principle of sustainability and that space activities can contribute to the implementation of environmental protection objectives in other policy sectors.

Bajzová, B; Wertlen, D

UNDERSTANDING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE ELEMENTS OF EU SPACE POLICY

European Journal Of Transformation Studies

https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6884

Baixa Pombalina is the historical downtown area of Lisbon city, close to the Tagus estuary, accommodating many economic activities namely tourism. This paper assesses and maps the vulnerability of the area, at the neighbourhood scale, to flood episodes and sea level rise. The methodology outlines how the different components of vulnerability are tackled, while considering the importance of the local context in the definition of composite indexes. Twenty-two vulnerability hotspots were found, for which six adaptation options are proposed to be embedded into the Plano de Pormenor currently in place.

Ribeiro, P; Ferrao, J; Seixas, J

MAINSTREAMING CLIMATE ADAPTATION IN SPATIAL PLANNING. THE CASE OF BAIXA POMBALINA IN LISBON

Finisterra-Revista Portuguesa De Geografia

https://doi.org/10.18055/Finis13457

Adaptation is a key strategy to mitigate the detrimental effects of climate change on agriculture. Econometric studies are extensively used to account for adaptation within impact assessment, but are generally based on the assumption of fully adapted farms. Building on increasing evidence of potential limitations of adaptation, we develop a conceptual framework which allows us to relax this assumption and empirically analyse climate change adaptation at the farm level. Our findings indicate under-adaptation of Austrian farms, contradicting the assumption of full adaptation. In the context of ongoing climate change, this calls for further development and implementation of effective farm-level adaptation measures.

Zeilinger, J; Niedermayr, A; Quddoos, A; Kantelhardt, J

Identifying under-adaptation of farms to climate change

European Review Of Agricultural Economics

https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbac025

The paper contributes to current knowledge of climate change impacts on Indian agriculture by accounting for spatial features that may influence the climate sensitivity of agriculture. Using panel data over a 20-year period and on 271 districts, this study estimates the impact of climate change on farm level net revenue in India. The key findings reveal that there is a significant positive spatial autocorrelation and that accounting for this can improve the accuracy of climate impact studies. Furthermore, the paper argues that better dissemination of knowledge among farmers through both market forces and local leadership will help popularize effective adaptation strategies to address climate change impacts.

Kumar, KSK

Climate sensitivity of Indian agriculture: do spatial effects matter?

Cambridge Journal Of Regions Economy And Society

https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsr004

In the wider context of several primary climate change impacts affecting low-lying coastal areas of Bangladesh, this article examines how the phenomenon of 'climate change migration' creates national and local secondary complications for internal population displacement as well as increasingly visible tertiary impacts. These are manifested in rapid urbanisation and precarious socio-economic and environmental changes in urban contexts. Highlighting the growing interconnection of climate change, migration and urbanisation in Bangladesh, the article calls for effective local policy changes to address the urgent need to safeguard sustainable livelihoods and security of fundamental rights for climate change migrants.

Ahsan, R

Climate-Induced Migration: Impacts on Social Structures and Justice in Bangladesh

South Asia Research

https://doi.org/10.1177/0262728019842968

Climate change is expected to bring potentially significant changes to Washington State's natural, institutional, cultural, and economic landscape. Addressing climate change impacts will require a sustained commitment to integrating climate information into the day-to-day governance and management of infrastructure, programs, and services that may be affected by climate change. This paper discusses fundamental concepts for planning for climate change and identifies options for adapting to the climate impacts evaluated in the Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment. Additionally, the paper highlights potential avenues for increasing flexibility in the policies and regulations used to govern human and natural systems in Washington.

Binder, LCW; Barcelos, JK; Booth, DB; Darzen, M; Elsner, MM; Fenske, R; Graham, TF; Hamlet, AF; Hodges-Howell, J; Jackson, JE; Karr, C; Keys, PW; Littell, JS; Mantua, N; Marlow, J; McKenzie, D; Robinson-Dorn, M; Rosenberg, EA; Stöckle, CO; Vano, JA

Preparing for climate change in Washington State

Climatic Change

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-9850-5

This paper focuses on the status of resilience for conceptualizing interactions on climate change response between actors possessing differing social standpoints and worldviews. Relations between discursive mobilizations and socio-material manifestations of resilience are considered. The paper reviews and builds upon research which has addressed environmental and scientific issues using the concept of the boundary object and related ideas. Examination of wider literature reveals a series of themes - power and authority, epistemological interactions, reflexivity, and scale - which make visible an array of variables, and which could facilitate more systematic and comparable studies of climate change resilience.

Lawless, CJ

Exploring the socio-material boundaries of climate change resilience

Environmental Sociology

https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2018.1449341

In response to the challenge of climate change developing-country governments are evolving adaptation and mitigation programmes for which they are seeking international financing. This article presents the findings of a review of national action programmes and other interventions to assess their likely societal impacts with an emphasis on land-use change, future land acquisitions, population displacement and resettlement. It considers the policy and development challenges involuntary resettlement in particular will pose, and assesses the robustness of current governance arrangements to manage them and cautions that at present the financing arrangements do not prioritise the legal protection of affected populations.

McDowell, C

Climate-Change Adaptation and Mitigation: Implications for Land Acquisition and Population Relocation

Development Policy Review

https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12030

Literature indicates a general consensus that knowledge on climate change is critical for enhancing community-based adaptation. Local knowledge tends to be localized to specific contexts and needs to be enhanced to ensure sustainability of adaptation measures. Traditional epistemological methods of research, however, tend to be extractive in nature with little focus on community capacity building, while dissemination of findings is mainly done with academic communities in mind. The focus of this article is to highlight the potential presented by participatory rural appraisal techniques in the process of data collection, with an aim of enhancing collaborative learning and improving community knowledge for climate change adaptation.

Omondi, LA

Learning together: Participatory rural appraisal for coproduction of climate change knowledge

Action Research

https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750320905901

The purpose of the present paper is to disentangle the mechanisms that connect climate change-induced disasters, inequality and vulnerability by accounting for both directions of causality. We do so by means of a simultaneous equations approach on a panel of 149 countries from 1992 to 2018. The empirical analysis reveals that countries with higher levels of income inequality suffer greater damages when hit by a natural disaster. At the same time, inequality is found to increase the number of people affected by disasters. Our analysis discloses the existence of a vicious cycle that keeps some countries stuck in a disasters-inequality trap.

Cappelli, F; Costantini, V; Consoli, D

The trap of climate change-induced natural disasters and inequality

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102329

Understanding the empirical relationships among three parameters is necessary to reduce household vulnerability: diversification, market dependence and economic security. A cross-sectional study of these relationships was conducted in five areas with histories of cash cropping in Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and northern Nigeria. Household diversification was found to be positively associated with economic security while negatively associated with household dependence on markets. Moreover, individuals in market oriented households are more likely to adopt individualistic orientations. These findings confirm a positive role of diversification but raise concerns about how markets affect the prospects for maintaining or reducing household vulnerability.

Turner, MD; Ayantunde, A

Household diversification and market dependence: understanding vulnerability in rural West Africa

Journal Of Peasant Studies

https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2021.1936505

One of the banes of farming is the frequent complete loss of crops due to adverse weather conditions or pests. In this paper, we explore what causes catastrophic crop failures. The study demonstrates that 39% of the variation in expected crop failure rates across the United States can be explained by soils and climate. The analysis shows that precipitation, soils, and especially temperature all explain average crop failure rates. Surprisingly, the analysis did not suggest that annual warming would increase crop failure rates. However, decreases in annual precipitation or increases in interannual or diurnal variation would all be harmful to crops.

Mendelsohn, R

What causes crop failure?

Climatic Change

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-9009-y

Urban climate governance scholarship has paid little attention in Sub-Saharan Africa, where studies of this kind are needed. Using semi-structured interviews with officials from three local governments with populations less than 300,000 inhabitants, this paper explores how centralized climate policies are implemented locally in Ghana. The results show that though the national climate policies are good tools, local government's ability to implement them is quite limited due to a lack of independence and funding to make climate decisions. But with the growing climate crisis, the paper concludes that urban climate governance is likely to improve especially in developing countries.

Boateng, AK

Localising centralised climate policies in Ghana: insights from 3 local governments

Urban Research & Practice

https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2022.2129173

Treating the threat of climate change in the Caribbean as a case study instructive for responses globally, this article examines the social and political relations of climate change. It argues for an analysis taking into account the ways in which the histories of imperialism and colonialism have shaped contemporary global development' pathways. The article charts how Caribbean vulnerability to temperature rises of more than 1.5 degrees C of warming comprise an existential threat structured by contemporary social relations that are imperialist in character. Hope can be taken from a politics of climate justice which acknowledges the climate debts owed to the region.

Sealey-Huggins, L

1.5°C to stay alive': climate change, imperialism and justice for the Caribbean

Third World Quarterly

https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1368013

Agricultural activity has always included,adaptation to a number of diverse stresses and opportunities-elements that continue influencing developments in the agri-food sector. Climate and weather conditions are a good example of factors that require on-going adaptation. With climate change they take on even more significance. Based oil data from Canadian producers, this article identifies several climate and weather risk adaptation strategies currently in use and notes their close links to sustainable agriculture practices. The article concludes that the mutually supportive relationship between sustainable agriculture and climate change adaptation could be used to justify more government support for sustainable agriculture policies and programs.

Wall, E; Smit, B

Climate change adaptation in light of sustainable agriculture

Journal Of Sustainable Agriculture

https://doi.org/10.1300/J064v27n01_07

The study of environmental migration has shown how an attachment to land reduces the perceptions of risks, and how women often lack resources to evacuate. This qualitative study of Japanese women's migration to Southeast Asia after the Fukushima nuclear disaster complicates the debate by showing that the post-disaster attachment to the land is disrupted by unequal gendered social relations and that digital communication among women provides a wide range of resources and emotional support to differently positioned women. This article shows how gendered social relations and digital communication play a major role in environmental migrant decision making processes in Asia.

Shakuto, S

Radiation Refugees: The Role of Gender and Digital Communication in Japanese Women's Transnational Evacuation after Fukushima

Journal Of Immigrant & Refugee Studies

https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2022.2042637

The implementation of the EU Floods Directive by water authorities across Europe has generated a lack of consistency in the present situation, especially regarding the scales adopted, the hydrological scenarios and the elements represented on flood hazard and risk maps. From the EU-funded project HYTECH, this article presents a general overview of Floods Directive implementation in eight European countries, highlighting the differences between them, with particular attention to flood hazard maps. For the implementation cycle that started at the beginning of 2016, a minimization of such differences is necessary in order to manage flood risk in a better and more integrated way.

Nones, M

Flood hazard maps in the European context

Water International

https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2016.1269282

This paper examines the concept of resilience and its increasing use in the face of both economic uncertainty and climate change, and applies it to farm management. Resilience is understood as encompassing buffer, adaptive and transformative capability. I argue that resilience thinking offers alternative insights into farm management and how farmers balance short-term efficiency and long-term transformability, balance exploitation and exploration. Farm resilience can be strengthened or eroded by policy measures and family dynamics. Overall resilience proposes an alternative conceptual lens to one building on equilibrium, thus highlighting complex dynamics and the role of farmer agency in navigating change.

Darnhofer, I

Resilience and why it matters for farm management

European Review Of Agricultural Economics

https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbu012

A recent meta-analysis synthesized findings from >50 studies on why some communities adopt more climate change policies than others. I use meta-regression analysis with the same data to provide a more accurate picture of how population, education, and voting patterns shape climate policy adoption, and to demonstrate the problem of publication bias in planning and policy research. After detecting and correcting for publication bias in the data, I find that the effects of population, education, and voting patterns on climate policy adoption are much smaller than previously-reported. I recommend that researchers take the problem of publication bias more seriously.

Stevens, M

Do large, educated, left-leaning cities really adopt more climate change policies? Testing for potential bias in planning and policy research

Urban Climate

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101563

Climate-change-related risks pose serious threats to the management of a wide range of social, economic and ecological systems. Managing these risks requires knowledge-intensive adaptive management and policy-making actively informed by scientific knowledge, especially climate science(1). However, potentially useful climate information often goes unused(1,2). This suggests a gap between what scientists understand as useful information and what users recognize as usable in their decision-making. We propose a dynamic conceptual model to address this gap and highlight strategies to move information from useful to usable to reduce climate-related risks.

Lemos, MC; Kirchhoff, CJ; Ramprasad, V

Narrowing the climate information usability gap

Nature Climate Change

https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE1614

This paper examines climate change mitigation and adaptation from an insurance industry perspective, with particular reference to London and the USA. It illustrates how British insurers are increasingly shaping public policy and using new technology to manage the risks from climate change impacts and makes a plea for society to make more use of insurance expertise in future decision making. In particular, more dialogue is needed between architects, planners and insurers to adapt our buildings and cities for climate change impacts. The paper is an abbreviated and updated version of the paper presented by the author in Houston, Texas, in 2005.

Crichton, D

What can cities do to increase resilience?

Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical And Engineering Sciences

https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2081

In this paper, we use the concept of documentality to explore the role of documentation of land tenure in the livelihood resilience of farmers in Trinidad and Tobago. We studied small-scale farmers whose livelihoods occur on lands held under different tenure arrangements. We found that it is not the access to land but the formal documentation of access to land that enables livelihood resilience. Not having tenure documentation excludes farmers from loans and state incentives for agriculture. This weakens the buffer capacity of the affected farmers, which is a contributor to livelihood resilience.

Daniel, D; Sutherland, M; Speranza, CI

The role of tenure documents for livelihood resilience in Trinidad and Tobago

Land Use Policy

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.05.027

The number and severity of extreme weather events have been increasing globally. Given the vulnerabilities of second homes to natural disasters, it is important to learn how their owners consider the related risks. This paper investigates the extreme weather-event risk perceptions and their preconditions between second-home owners and local people in the Little Beskid mountains in Poland. The results show that, despite significant differences in social, demographic and presence-absence terms, the two populations were very similar with respect to risk perception. It then lays the ground for community preparedness and successful recovery from extreme weather hazards.

Czarnecki, A; Dacko, A; Dacko, M; Skowera, B

Frightened or familiarised? Permanent residents' and second-home owners' risk perceptions of extreme weather events

International Journal Of Tourism Research

https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2570

This paper argues that for any community transformation to be achieved, cultural values and legal frameworks, which influence issues relating to land rights and food security, must form an integral part of any policy intervention efforts. We adopted feminism as both a methodological and an analytical framework. The dominant research paradigm was qualitative. The study sample was 184 people obtained using a systematic sampling method. Data collection was through focus groups and interviews. We challenge contemporary development initiatives, in terms of their intentions and sustainability. Finally, it is important that any development initiatives facilitate the participation and involvement of all genders.

Etale, L; Simatele, MD

Climate Change Adaptation for Food Security and Gendered-Land Rights in Western Kenya

Journal Of Asian And African Studies

https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909620988302

A growing number of cities are preparing for climate change impacts by developing adaptation plans. However, little is known about how these plans and their implementation affect the vulnerability of the urban poor. We critically assess initiatives in eight cities worldwide and find that land use planning for climate adaptation can exacerbate socio-spatial inequalities across diverse developmental and environmental conditions. We argue that urban adaptation injustices fall into two categories: acts of commission, when interventions negatively affect or displace poor communities, and acts of omission, when they protect and prioritize elite groups at the expense of the urban poor.

Anguelovski, I; Shi, LD; Chu, E; Gallagher, D; Goh, K; Lamb, Z; Reeve, K; Teicher, H

Equity Impacts of Urban Land Use Planning for Climate Adaptation: Critical Perspectives from the Global North and South

Journal Of Planning Education And Research

https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X16645166

This paper explores smallholder farmers' perceptions of and adaptations to water scarcity in an irrigated system in south-eastern Mexico. Data from 85 farmers in four communities were collected through semi-structured interviews. The results show that farmers' adaptations are stimulated by their perceptions of the causes and dynamics of water scarcity. Findings also reveal that differences in perceptions of, and adaptations to, water scarcity within communities are due to characteristics such as irrigation techniques, water intake location, productive systems and access to groundwater. This study recommends the implementation of policies based on local conditions to cope with water scarcity.

Leroy, D; Bocco, G; Garcia, SB

Smallholder farmers' perceptions of and adaptations to water scarcity in an irrigated system in Chiapas, Mexico

International Journal Of Water Resources Development

https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2022.2142203

The economic cultural heritages are exposed to several natural and nowadays biological hazards, which, in addition to causing potential structural damage, can lead to severe loss deriving from financial non-incomes. The paper aims to highlight the role of insurance in mitigating financial damages and losses, specifically explaining the key role of insurance in mitigating biological hazards like Covid-19. The paper is part of broader research by the authors and uses the assumptions and results already obtained previously in the context of the case study relating to the asset of Villa Adriana and Villa D'Este.

Pagano, AJ; Romagnoli, F; Vannucci, E

Non-Incomes Risk Mitigation Mechanisms for Cultural Heritage: Role of Insurances Facing Covid-19 in the Italian Context

Environmental And Climate Technologies

https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0066

This study applies Bayesian Inference to estimate flood risk for 53 dyke ring areas in the Netherlands, and focuses particularly on the data scarcity and extreme behaviour of catastrophe risk. The probability density curves of flood damage are estimated through Monte Carlo simulations. Based on these results, flood insurance premiums are estimated using two different practical methods that each account in different ways for an insurer's risk aversion and the dispersion rate of loss data. This study is of practical relevance because insurers have been considering the introduction of flood insurance in the Netherlands, which is currently not generally available.

Paudel, Y; Botzen, WJW; Aerts, JCJH

Estimation of insurance premiums for coverage against natural disaster risk: an application of Bayesian Inference

Natural Hazards And Earth System Sciences

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-737-2013

In view of the need to adapt to uncertain climate change through spatial interventions, this article explores how spatial planners might navigate amid uncertainty. To draw out insights for planning, we examine planning frameworks which explicitly recognise uncertainty and uncertainty descriptions from studies in environmental risk and climate uncertainty. We build our case by addressing the implications of different characteristics of uncertainty and describe how planners can handle uncertainty based on the nature, level and location of uncertainty. We argue that a plural-unequivocal characterisation of uncertainty helps planners in their search for adequate and warranted interventions amid uncertainty.

Zandvoort, M; Van der Vlist, MJ; Klijn, F; Van den Brink, A

Navigating amid uncertainty in spatial planning

Planning Theory

https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095216684530

A storytelling session was successful in raising awareness and understanding of the types of changes in weather patterns farmers are experiencing in Maine, what impacts those changes are having on their operations, and the changes farmers are making in response. Using an outreach approach rooted in farmer stories allowed us to bypass the controversy that often surrounds topics related to climate change. Likewise, focusing on the farmers' experiences and avoiding corrective statements during this introductory session resulted in productive dialogue. We recommend replicating this approach within different agricultural sectors to increase understanding of sector-specific risks and strategies for adaptation.

Roche, EH; Mallory, EB; Birthisel, SK

Using Farmer Storytelling to Build Understanding of Our New Weather Reality

Journal Of Extension

This article suggests that a multiscalar and interdisciplinary construct is required to analyse climate justice as an appraisal of the distribution of climate finance for adaptation. The analysis of climate justice necessitates a determination of whether the inter- and intrastate distribution and ultimate effectiveness of climate finance for adaptation is realized across and between scales. This article finds current approaches to climate justice lacking in empirical research that can incorporate multiple scales. Using climate finance for adaptation projects as a proxy, the article applies theoretical frameworks from Geography and Political Science to realize climate justice as an accumulative top-down process.

Barrett, S

The necessity of a multiscalar analysis of climate justice

Progress In Human Geography

https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132512448270

Increasingly, local governments are creating resilience plans. What do these plans contain and how do they compare to other efforts to plan for climate change? We use plan evaluation to analyze 10 resilience plans from U.S. cities in the 100 Resilient Cites program and compare them to 44 climate change adaptation plans. Resilience plans lack critical elements to prepare cities for climate change but offer a platform to address economic, social, and environmental policies that may amplify climate change impacts. Resilience planning represents an alternative, potentially complementary, path to preparing for climate change, but there is room for improvement.

Woodruff, SC; Meerow, S; Stults, M; Wilkins, C

Adaptation to Resilience Planning: Alternative Pathways to Prepare for Climate Change

Journal Of Planning Education And Research

https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X18801057

Food production has been changing significantly in recent years as a result of climate change and of growing demand for food. This article aims to understand the link between food security and international security in the context of climate change, applying a systematic and qualitative analysis of the literature using the bibliometric method. This research observes that climate change tends to affect agricultural productivity, exposing societies to risk and the need for migration. However, good governance, together with international cooperation, can reduce the hazards of food insecurity, strengthening ties between countries and stimulating a fairer and more inclusive form of international trade.

de Faria, ACFP; Berchin, II; Garcia, J; Back, SNB; Guerra, JBSOD

Understanding food security and international security links in the context of climate change

Third World Quarterly

https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1129271

Agricultural adaptation to climate change is indispensable. However, the degree of adaptation depends on adaptive capacity levels and it only takes place if the appropriate resources are present. Cross-sectional climate response models ignore this requirement. This paper adapts the Ricardian method to control for a generic territorial adaptive capacity index. The results for a sample of over 60.000 European farms show a significant non-linear positive relationship between adaptive capacity and climate responsiveness and that some regions in Europe can increase their climate responsiveness significantly. This confirms that improvement of adaptive capacity is an important policy tool to enhance adaptation.

Vanschoenwinkel, J; Moretti, M; Van Passel, S

The effect of policy leveraging climate change adaptive capacity in agriculture

European Review Of Agricultural Economics

https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbz007

This paper estimates a Ricardian model of farmland value across the counties of the semiarid Southwestern United States. Compared to previous contributions, we focus on one climate zone and include the presence of extreme weather events and of farm subsidies in our analysis. We also control for heterogeneity and for various types of spillover effects. Once calibrated, the model is used to project changes due to future climate conditions. We find that the probability of a decrease is great in highland counties while an increase or decrease is equally probable in lowland counties where climate impacts farmland value less.

Dall'erba, S; Domínguez, F

The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in the Southwestern United States: The Ricardian Approach Revisited

Spatial Economic Analysis

https://doi.org/10.1080/17421772.2015.1076574

Climate change will affect those most vulnerable in the developing world, and humanitarian relief and development organizations will need to respond. Using a quantitative survey, the attitudes of World Vision staff towards climate change and its risks for children were examined. Results indicate a very strong awareness of climate change and its risks to the key outcome indicator of the organization (child well-being), but there are significant variations within the organization. Specific groups perceive fewer risks to child well-being and may be less supportive of action on climate change. Internal strategies are needed to build necessary commitments to organizational action.

Brown, DR; Brown, HCP; Shore, CA

A case study of perceptions of climate change impacts and child well-being: Implications for development programming

Environmental Hazards-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2011.635187

The European Green Deal (EGD) is the most ambitious current challenge for regions and cities of the EU member states. While the role of regional spatial planning in addressing sustainable development and climate change mitigation has been widely investigated, an analysis of its ability to drive the green transition is still missing. The authors propose a new method to analyse how current regional plans meet EGD challenges and apply it to the case of the metropolitan area of Florence. The analysis reveals that, although plans cover EGD issues, there is still a need for more integrated tools and greater effective governance.

Tarsi, E; Gisotti, MR

Regional spatial planning for implementing the European Green Deal: a new method of assessment applied to the metropolitan area of Florence

Planning Practice And Research

https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2023.2230014

Debate over climate change focuses narrowly on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. A common justification for such emissions reductions is that they will lead to a reduction in the future impacts of climate on society. But research from social scientists and others who study environment-society interactions clearly indicates that the dominant factors shaping the impacts of climate on society are societal. A greater appreciation for this body of research would allow for consideration of a broader base of policy options to respond to the challenges of climate change, as well as the composition of climate research portfolios more likely to contribute useful knowledge to decision makers.

Pielke, RA; Sarewitz, D

Bringing society back into the climate debate

Population And Environment

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-005-1877-6

This research estimates the impact of climate on European agriculture using a continental scale Ricardian analysis. Climate, soil, geography and regional socio-economic variables are matched with farm level data from 41,030 farms across Western Europe. We demonstrate that a median quantile regression outperforms OLS given farm level data. The results suggest that European farms are slightly more sensitive to warming than American farms with impacts from 5 to 32 % by 2100 depending on the climate scenario. Farms in Southern Europe are predicted to be particularly sensitive, suffering losses of 5 to 9 % per degree Celsius.

Van Passel, S; Massetti, E; Mendelsohn, R

A Ricardian Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on European Agriculture

Environmental & Resource Economics

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-016-0001-y

The article focuses on migration caused by climate change. It contains the results of a survey conducted in the Shyamnagar Sub-district in Bangladesh among the people of the villages, who are the most vulnerable to climate change. The selected region is under the threat of numerous environmental problems that force people to migrate. The key question is what role climate change plays in this issue. Except in the case of natural disasters, it is only marginal, because economic migration factors normally predominate over environmental ones. The probability of an exodus of climate migrants from Bangladesh is currently negligible.

Kocar, J

Climate Migration in the Shyamnagar Sub-district in Bangladesh

Dve Domovini-Two Homelands

Anthropogenic climate change is driving incidences of climate-induced migration and displacement, with many Pacific Island states at the forefront of this crisis. This article analyses the suitability of existing and proposed legal frameworks in accommodating protections for climate displaced persons. It does so against the backdrop of climate justice considerations and an exploration of the `framing' literature. Integrated legal and policy frameworks at the international, regional and domestic levels are explored, with a view to recommending the most appropriate pathways to ensure safe, dignified and lawful mobility options for climate displaced Pacific Islanders.

Chen, V

Climate-induced displacement from Pacific Island states: evaluating international legal frameworks and Australia's role in facilitating pathways forward

Asia Pacific Journal Of Environmental Law

https://doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2022.01.02

To manage urban flood risk, city governments must adopt a mix of policy instruments that reduces flood-related impacts and shares responsibility and costs with a broad range of stakeholders. Choosing among these instruments is challenging, however, because they differ in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, equity, and other considerations. This article presents results from a study that engaged local government experts to assess the relative suitability of six different economic policy instruments for urban flood risk management. The results indicate which policy tools the interviewees consider to be most and least suitable and illuminate the trade-offs inherent in instrument selection.

Driver, T; Henstra, D; Thistlethwaite, J

Managing urban flood risk: An expert assessment of economic policy instruments

Journal Of Urban Affairs

https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2020.1782225

History has shown that hurricanes can cause catastrophic destruction and impede economic growth in the Caribbean. Nevertheless, there is essentially as of date no comprehensive quantitative risk and anticipated loss assessment for the region. In this paper we use synthetic hurricane tracks and local income proxies to estimate expected risk and losses if a climate similar to the last 30 years prevails. We show that on average, the annual fraction of expected property damage and subsequent impacts on income are nonnegligible, with large variations across islands. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bertinelli, L; Mohan, P; Strobl, E

Hurricane damage risk assessment in the Caribbean: An analysis using synthetic hurricane events and nightlight imagery

Ecological Economics

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.02.004

The frequency of major floods in Argentina appears to be increasing rapidly. At the same time, human vulnerability to flood hazard is gradually rising because of economically induced population movement. The World Bank is assisting the Argentine government in promoting more sustainable flood-alleviation strategies, based on the control of land use in floodplain areas. But many circumstances make the implementation of such an approach highly problematic. The case study demonstrates the value of broad-scale models that emphasize the context of hazard-response decisions as a complex mixture of physical, demographic, political, and economic variables.

PenningRowsell, EC

Flood-hazard response in Argentina

Geographical Review

https://doi.org/10.2307/215142

This article describes the construction of the Integrated City Sustainability Database (ICSD) that is the first truly comprehensive data set of U.S. municipal government sustainability programs and policies. Taking advantage of a unique opportunity to combine seven independent data collection efforts, it will provide a valuable resource for scholars in multiple disciplines investigating local environmental and energy sustainability. It also adds missing elements to the research infrastructure for the study of local government and urban policy. This nationwide database will provide a comprehensive assessment of municipal sustainability programs that can contribute to a more rigorous and theoretically informed understanding of city government and governance.

Feiock, RC; Krause, RM; Hawkins, CV; Curley, C

The Integrated City Sustainability Database

Urban Affairs Review

https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087413515176

The dutch government recently set out far-reaching recommendations on how to keep the country flood-proof over the next century given the likelihood of rising sea levels and river flows. This paper explains the recommendations, which are based on a gradual upgrading of safety standards in the light of economic growth and group casualty risk, together with triggers provided by debates and data on climate change. It concludes that protection is feasible both technically and economically, costing up to (sic)3 billion a year, and that the approach could be useful for other low-lying areas in the world.

Stive, MJF

Towards a new Delta plan to keep The Netherlands flood-proof over the 21st century

Houille Blanche-Revue Internationale De L Eau

https://doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2012033

This article builds on the widespread recognition that disaster is not a 'natural' phenomenon but occurs where exposure to a particular hazard coincides with pre-existing vulnerabilities to it-which might be social, economic or environmental-to increase personal susceptibility to harm. It argues that the impacts of climate change impose an increasingly pressing need to revive the realisation of economic, social and cultural rights as a priority, not only through their express incorporation into disaster risk planning, policies and domestic law, but by rethinking how they are implemented to include and empower the people who need them most.

Cullen, M; Munro, J

Preventing Disasters and Displacement: How Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights Can Advance Local Resilience

Nordic Journal Of Human Rights

https://doi.org/10.1080/18918131.2022.2061237

The formal financial mechanisms for managing adaptation to climate change under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are falling significantly short of meeting needs in the most vulnerable countries. Given the close relationship between development and adaptation, it is tempting to use existing channels of development assistance to fill this gap. However, it is imperative that development assistance is not seen as a substitute for specific adaptation finance. This article therefore attempts to distinguish between the two roles, and considers how development assistance might support and complement adaptation funding and action under the Convention, rather than competing with or substituting it.

Ayers, JM; Huq, S

Supporting Adaptation to Climate Change: What Role for Official Development Assistance?

Development Policy Review

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2009.00465.x

Reducing disaster risks and adapting to climate change are ever more important policy goals in Europe and worldwide. The commitment to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and complementary multilateral frameworks, including the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, has galvanized pursuits for policy coherence. The report Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Europe: enhancing coherence of the knowledge base, policies and practices of the European Environment Agency identified several ways for how coherence and re- silience can be built through knowledge sharing, collaboration and investments.

Mysiak, J; Castellari, S; Kurnik, B; Swart, R; Pringle, P; Schwarze, R; Wolters, H; Jeuken, A; van der Linden, P

Brief communication: Strengthening coherence between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction

Natural Hazards And Earth System Sciences

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3137-2018

Cities face similar challenges to nation-states in coming together for climate change agreements. Cities have joined trans-municipal networks to overcome these collective action problems that provide common problem definitions, policy solutions, formal channels of communication, and publicity. Analyzing the relationship between participation in a network and cities' mitigation policies in 57 C40 member cities using ordered logit models, the article asks what effect group membership has on actual climate change mitigation actions at the city level. The results speak to the growing importance of transnational institutions in providing assistance and visibility to subnational efforts to address international issues.

Lee, T; Koski, C

Mitigating Global Warming in Global Cities: Comparing Participation and Climate Change Policies of C40 Cities

Journal Of Comparative Policy Analysis

https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2014.910938

Climate change will have significant impacts on inland aquaculture. This article assesses the robustness of a set of potential adaptation strategies for Northern Thailand using a rule-based assessment model to synthesize information from secondary sources, fish farmers, officials and experts. The net benefits of different strategy types vary substantially with water demand and fish demand, as well as future climate. No-regret and low-regret strategies are worthwhile under a broad range of conditions, but may not be sufficient to maintain profitability as the negative impacts of climate change unfold. The main implication is that adaptation pathways must be flexible.

Lebel, L; Lebel, P; Chitmanat, C; Uppanunchai, A; Apirumanekul, C

Managing the risks from the water-related impacts of extreme weather and uncertain climate change on inland aquaculture in Northern Thailand

Water International

https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2017.1416446

Infrastructure assets are exposed to natural weather conditions and face challenges due to increased frequency and variability of climate-induced natural disasters. Infrastructure has a pivotal role to play in development and therefore, the large investments planned for future have to be protected against climate-induced risks. These span beyond physical risks as strict mitigation regimes could jeopardize their profitability and even future existence. The integrated climate change risk management framework for infrastructures presented here includes market and policy-induced enforcements and adaptation strategies. The key to managing risks lies in identifying them and initiating appropriate risk management and adaptation initiatives.

Naswa, P; Garg, A

Managing climate-induced risks on Indian infrastructure assets

Current Science

Debt and income are keystones to financial resilience on New Zealand farms. This article utilises a survey on finance to assess farm financial health using a new model of resilience. It shows the majority of farms are financially strong. Further borrowing and development are possible. With increasing variability resulting from the longer term trade liberalisation as well as global warming impacts, the high equity will provide future resilience. On the other hand, profit levels are not high relative to the investment, but this has been the case for decades and has not caused problems due to farmer and farm family resilience.

Greig, B; Nuthall, P; Old, K

Resilience and finances on Aotearoa New Zealand farms: Evidence from a random survey on the sources and uses of debt

New Zealand Geographer

https://doi.org/10.1111/nzg.12207

Climate models suggest that global warming could bring warmer, drier conditions to Mexico. Although precipitation increases are projected by some models, in most cases they do not compensate for increases in potential evaporation. Thus, soil moisture and water availability may decrease over much of Mexico with serious consequences for rainfed and irrigated agriculture, urban and industrial water supplies, hydropower and ecosystems. However, the assessment of global warming impacts in Mexico is an uncertain task because the projections of different models vary widely, particularly for precipitation, and because they perform poorly in reproducing the observed climate of Mexico.

LIVERMAN, DM; OBRIEN, KL

GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN MEXICO

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-3780(91)90002-B

Climate change is expected to after production opportunities facing agricultural producers. Global studies of climate change impacts on agriculture suggest positive benefits for Canada. Results from Canadian studies tend to be more pessimistic; however, most of these studies are regionally specific and focus on the impacts on specific crops, particularly grains and oilseeds. This paper examines the impact of climate change on Canadian agricultural land values. Changes in land values are used to impute expected changes to agricultural GDP. We find that all provinces benefit from climate change and that previous estimates may be overly pessimistic.

Weber, M; Hauer, G

A regional analysis of climate change impacts on Canadian agriculture

Canadian Public Policy-Analyse De Politiques

https://doi.org/10.2307/3552453

Is international migration an adaptation strategy to sudden or gradual climatic shocks? In this paper we investigate the direct and the indirect role of climatic shocks in developing countries as a determinant of out-migration flows toward rich OECD countries in the period 1990-2001. Contrarily to the bulk of existing studies, we use a macro approach and explicitly consider the heterogeneity of climatic shocks (type, size, sign of shocks and seasonal effects). Our results show that the occurrence of adverse climatic events in origin countries has significative direct and indirect effects on out-migration from poor to rich countries.

Coniglio, ND; Pesce, G

Climate variability and international migration: an empirical analysis

Environment And Development Economics

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X14000722

Resilience embodies concepts of impact absorption and recovery, adaptation, and transformation. Clarity is needed when using the term as to whether these attributes are being pursued contemporaneously, sequentially, or at all. Land transport funding in New Zealand is examined from a climate change perspective and demonstrates policies and processes applying resilience in the sense of maintaining or improving current levels of service despite perturbations, with elements of medium term adaptation. While this interpretation helps manage immediate uncertainty, it may lock development into a low-resilience trajectory. However, this may change as the full meaning of resilience becomes apparent.

Knight-Lenihan, S

Why Definitions of Resilience Matter: The Example of Funding New Zealand's Transport Sector

Urban Policy And Research

https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2017.1295937

Evaluating environmental questions is a crucial issue in today's economic research and policy making. The Green-SOP offers a comprehensive data base to enrich an empirically led scientific discourse as a survey data set on environmental and energy-related topics in Germany. The data set on more than 6000 households was collected by RWI - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research and partners between 2012 and 2016. The questions are very diverse and range from personal attitudes to environmental policy issues with a special focus on the consequences of climate change and individual behaviors as well as opinions on ecologically related matters.

Klick, L; Kussel, G; Sommer, S

Green-SOP: The Socio-ecological Panel Survey: 2012-2016

Jahrbucher Fur Nationalokonomie Und Statistik

https://doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2020-0065

This article investigates subnational adaptation finance distribution within Malawi. Malawi is highly climate vulnerable and a significant per-capita recipient of adaptation finance. This empirical study models distribution dynamics through need (climate vulnerability) and government interest (patronage). Results indicate those areas most in need receive relatively little finance. Rather, donor utility and the ability to absorb capital offer the most persuasive explanations for distribution across the state. These findings suggest that the distribution of adaptation funds do not support the larger goal of climate justice. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Barrett, S

Subnational Climate Justice? Adaptation Finance Distribution and Climate Vulnerability

World Development

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.014

There is currently a gap between assessment and intervention in the literature concerned with climate change and food. While intervention is local and context dependent, current assessments are usually global and abstract. Available assessments are useful for understanding the scale of the effects of climate change and they are ideal for motivating arguments in favor of mitigation and adaptation. However, adaptation projects need assessments that can provide data to support their efforts. This requires the adoption of a more local and context-sensitive approach to assessments. I suggest that Community-Based Participatory Research has the potential to be a tool for such an approach.

Loo, C

The Role of Community Participation in Climate Change Assessment and Research

Journal Of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-013-9452-0

The ambitious goals to limit global warming can only be reached with a broad acceptance and participation of the general public. This paper relies on surveys among citizens in China, Germany and the U.S. and investigates the determinants of the acceptance of national and international adaptation and mitigation efforts. The empirical findings indicate that specific beliefs and environmental awareness are important drivers in all three countries, while political attitudes and socio-economic characteristics are the main sources of cross-country heterogeneity. The study thereby points at important starting points and target groups for raising the acceptance of national and international climate policy.

Schwirplies, C

Citizens' Acceptance of Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: A Survey in China, Germany, and the US

Ecological Economics

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.003

As climatic trends point to an increase in the severity of natural hazard conditions, the risk to Australian settlements is only increasing. Although these events are unavoidable, resilience management seeks to foster greater adaptive capacity through new-age policies and strategies. This paper provides an assessment of contemporary Australian disaster management policies and aims to determine how strategic plans incorporate and foster resilience through planning interventions. A key aim is to comparatively assess, through the application of a discursive methodology of analysis, the differences that lie between these plans to gauge the current state of resilience management in an Australian context.

Davis, L; Davidson, K

PLANNING FOR NATURAL HAZARD RESILIENCE: AN ASSESSMENT OF CONTEMPORARY AUSTRALIAN DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY AND STRATEGY

Australasian Journal Of Regional Studies

This article provides a brief introduction to advancements in the anthropology of disasters as well as the historical antecedents and the intellectual collaborations that contributed to contemporary work in the field. It reviews the multiple directions, methodological approaches, and theoretical leanings that comprise today's diversified field of disaster anthropology and discusses how the monographs included in the special edition of Human Organization (74[4]) on the applied anthropology of risks, hazards, and disasters showcase the variety of topics and themes engaged by applied anthropologists who work on disaster-related issues.

Faas, AJ; Barrios, RE

Applied Anthropology of Risk, Hazards, and Disasters

Human Organization

https://doi.org/10.17730/0018-7259-74.4.287

The Ricardian model has been employed frequently to study the impact of climate change on European agriculture. This paper contributes to this literature by using a panel data of FADN EU regions and the period 2004-2012 and by taking into account both individual heterogeneity as well as spatial autocorrelation among EU regions. We tested three hypotheses related to the degree days model. Our results show that climate outside the defined growing season matters for European agriculture, and excluding it could underestimate climate change impacts. Our results should support public policy decisions about efficient and effective mitigation and adaptation policy measures in EU agriculture.

Vaitkeviciute, J; Chakir, R; Van Passel, S

Climate Variable Choice in Ricardian Studies of European Agriculture

Revue Economique

https://doi.org/10.3917/reco.703.0375

Integrated assessment (IA) is a rapidly evolving field and in recent years the introduction of participatory methods has resulted in the development of a more diverse set of tools. The Georgia Basin Futures Project is presented and reviewed in the context of this expanding portfolio of IA methodologies. The project is an ambitious attempt to combine qualitative scenario methods with a computer-based gaming tool on a regional scale. The paper suggests that the particular combination of methods and the scale of the analysis represent a viable model for the future regional IAs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tansey, J; Carmichael, J; VanWynsberghe, R; Robinson, J

The future is not what it used to be: participatory integrated assessment in the Georgia Basin

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00011-0

This article presents an examination of (1) key factors that are likely to influence the establishment and implementation of property acquisition and transferable development rights (TDR) programmes, for the purposes of enabling managed retreat from coastal hazard areas; and (2), local government attitudes to and perceptions of the potential extent to which these factors are likely to influence the successful implementation of such programmes. This research identifies various challenges that will need to be overcome if these programmes are to be successfully implemented by local government to enable managed retreat and potential solutions for resolving these challenges.

Robb, A; Stocker, L; Payne, M; Middle, GJ

Enabling Managed Retreat from Coastal Hazard Areas through Property Acquisition and Transferable Development Rights: Insights from Western Australia

Urban Policy And Research

https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2020.1768842

Possibilities of oceanological processes analysis using space-time diagrams are discussed (L-T diagramms). The diagramms show that upper oceanic layers, as well as interacting with them atmosphere, are fast part of the Earth climate system, while deep oceanic layers are the slow one. Typical velocities for oceanic processes are about two orders of magnitude smaller than those for atmosphere. Using L-T diagramms, upwelling velocities and oceanic water age are evaluated. Scales of energy supply, rates of kinetic energy inflow to the ocean, and typical values of exchange coefficient are determined too.

Mamayev, OI

About space-time scales of oceanic and atmospheric processes

Okeanologiya

Situated on the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers, with a monsoonal climate and at the mercy of tropical cyclones that sweep up from the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh has had no alternative but to live and cope with floods. However, it took the two major floods of 1987 and 1988 to mobilize the Government and the donor community into making a major effort to look for a permanent solution to Bangladesh's chronic flood problem. This paper describes the planning and development of the Flood Action Plan that resulted.

DEMPSTER, JIM; BRAMMER, H

FLOOD ACTION PLAN - BANGLADESH

Outlook On Agriculture

https://doi.org/10.1177/003072709202100409

The existing paradigm of UK flood risk management that privileges structural solutions over non-structural ones is evolving in response to threats posed by climate change and higher environmental standards required by the EC Water Framework Directive. This paper examines the contrasting reactions of DEFRA and the Scottish Executive. The Scottish 'experiment', which embraces a strong definition of sustainability, is contrasted with a weaker version emerging in England and Wales. Divergent levels of risk and histories of managing that risk explain many of these contrasts. Scotland's more radical approach has the potential to become a new paradigm.

Werritty, A

Sustainable flood management: oxymoron or new paradigm?

Area

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2006.00658.x

This paper examines the national trends behind recent efforts to link scientific research more closely to policy-making. It discusses the evolution of these efforts within the Clinton Administration in general and the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) in particular. The paper describes the politics surrounding the establishment of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) and its Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, of which the USGCRP is a part, and concludes with an appraisal of the NSTC and of the ''assessments'' component of the USGCRP.

GLASSER, RD

LINKING SCIENCE MORE CLOSELY TO POLICY-MAKING - GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE AND THE NATIONAL REORGANIZATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY

Climatic Change

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01094013

Climate change is predicted to bring changes in weather and water availability. The effect on agriculture depends on the ability of producers to modify their practices in response to changing distributions. We develop a two-stage theoretical model of planting and irrigation decisions and use a unique dataset to empirically estimate how producers respond to changes in expected water availability and deviations from expectations. As water supplies decrease, producers respond by planting fewer acres and concentrating the application of water. Highlighting the importance of adaptation in this context, failure to account for this behavioral response overstates climate change impacts by 17%.

Manning, DT; Goemans, C; Maas, A

Producer Responses to Surface Water Availability and Implications for Climate Change Adaptation

Land Economics

https://doi.org/10.3368/le.93.4.631

This paper examines how subsistence farmers respond to extreme heat. Using microdata from Peruvian households, we find that high temperatures reduce agricultural productivity, increase area planted, and change crop mix. These findings are consistent with farmers using input adjustments as a short-term mechanism to attenuate the effect of extreme heat on output. This response seems to complement other coping strategies, such as selling livestock, but exacerbates the drop in yields, a standard measure of agricultural productivity. Using our estimates, we show that accounting for land adjustments is important to quantify damages associated with climate change.

Aragón, FM; Oteiza, F; Rud, JP

Climate Change and Agriculture: Subsistence Farmers' Response to Extreme Heat

American Economic Journal-Economic Policy

https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20190316

Climate change is rapidly becoming the defining feature of the Caribbean developmental landscape. Yet theoretical and practical responses to the issue have been somewhat limited, particularly in terms of the socio-economic and political dimensions. This article begins by tracing the dramatic impact that climate change presages for Caribbean development. It then moves on to an analysis of how the region is attempting to respond at the global, regional and national levels. We then question the significance of this for Pan-Caribbean development, before pointing the way to a nascent research agenda with the political economy of climate change at its heart.

Bishop, ML; Payne, A

Climate Change and the Future of Caribbean Development

Journal Of Development Studies

https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.693166

The central question of this article is the extent to which organizations, governmental authorities in particular, are able to deal with the unknown unknown. Drawing on Weick's work on sensemaking, we introduce seven organizational conditions that can facilitate organizations to be reliable under trying and surprising situations. We analyse the utility of this framework by analysing how a Dutch water management authority is preparing for the unknowns of climate change, which are nearly impossible to predict and thus hard to prepare for. Our assessment reveals several strengths and weaknesses and helps to develop devices to make governmental authorities more resilient.

Termeer, CJAM; van den Brink, MA

Organizational Conditions for Dealing with The Unknown Unknown Illustrated by how a Dutch water management authority is preparing for climate change

Public Management Review

https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2012.664014

To minimize the impacts of climate change on human wellbeing, governments, development agencies, and civil society organizations have made substantial investments in improving people's capacity to adapt to change. Yet to date, these investments have tended to focus on a very narrow understanding of adaptive capacity. Here, we propose an approach to build adaptive capacity across five domains: the assets that people can draw upon in times of need; the flexibility to change strategies; the ability to organize and act collectively; learning to recognize and respond to change; and the agency to determine whether to change or not.

Cinner, JE; Adger, WN; Allison, EH; Barnes, ML; Brown, K; Cohen, PJ; Gelcich, S; Hicks, CC; Hughes, TP; Lau, J; Marshall, NA; Morrison, TH

Building adaptive capacity to climate change in tropical coastal communities

Nature Climate Change

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0065-x

Advocates of community-based adaptation claim that it heaps to identify, assist, and implement community-based development activities, research and policy in response to climate change. However, there has been little systematic examination of the ways in which existing experiences of dealing with hazard events con inform communily-based adaptation. This article analyses the experience of the Homeless People's Federation of the Philippines in respect of community-led disaster responses, with the aim of informing future discussions on the role of planning for climate change adaptation in low- and middle-income countries.

Dodman, D; Mitlin, D; Co, JR

Victims to victors, disasters to opportunities Community-driven responses to climate change in the Philippines

International Development Planning Review

https://doi.org/10.3828/idpr.2009.10

Institutions make critical contributions to the resilience of infrastructures. We develop a framework for analyzing and classifying the diverse forms of work performed by institutions in support of infrastructure resilience: designing, building, operating, maintaining, and upgrading systems. The framework incorporates the kinds of resilience work done-constitutional, regulatory, and operational-the goals and strategies to which resilience work contributes, the temporal and spatial scales on which it occurs within infrastructure systems, and the forms of knowledge and uncertainties that characterize each. We illustrate this framework in a case study of water-energy nexus in Arizona.

Gim, C; Miller, CA; Hirt, PW

The resilience work of institutions

Environmental Science & Policy

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.03.004

The environmental migration literature presents conflicting results: While some research finds that natural disasters induce international migration, other work discovers a dampening effect. We construct an innovative longitudinal provincial dataset for the Philippines, a country prone to natural disasters and a major exporter of labor. Using a comprehensive list of weather shocks, it is possible to identify major channels behind those conflicting findings. Filipinos are more likely to work abroad when they experience less-intense tropical cyclones and storm warnings but are more likely to stay when very intense storms occur or are forecasted.

Pajaron, MC; Vasquez, GNA

Weathering the storm: weather shocks and international labor migration from the Philippines

Journal Of Population Economics

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-020-00779-1

This article addresses the uneven impacts of climate change on women. To date, there has been a significant emphasis on climate science and technological solutions to aid mitigation and adaptation strategies. This has led to a form of global managerialism that presupposes that all people can adapt with the right resources and knowledge. In this article, it is argued that the differential impacts of climate change on women demand that climate actions and strategies require gender sensitivity and that further research on climate change, adaptations, and actions includes a gendered analysis. (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Alston, M

Women and adaptation

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Climate Change

https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.232

This article reviews the European Union's stance and policies on climate change adaptation and argues that developing a coherent long-term European strategy on climate change post-2012 will require the European Union to focus more strongly on adaptation issues than has hitherto been the case. It suggests that the EU should examine the dissonance between its prescriptions for integrating adaptation within the EU with its prescriptions to developing countries to mainstream adaptation. The EU should avoid a carrot-and-stick approach to adaptation funding and should focus on identifying common institutional and learning challenges with developing countries.

Yamin, F

The European Union and future climate policy: Is mainstreaming adaptation a distraction or part of the solution?

Climate Policy

In this paper we do a brief tour on the principles of social vulnerability to climate change, from the voice of his main references, and investigate the perceptions of different stakeholders in the municipality of Ixil, Yucatan Peninsula, approach three variables: a) knowledge of climate change, b) impact of climate change on the population of Ixil and c) types of problems in the town related to climate. Knowing the social perception of climate change helps to identify measures to promote adaptation and mitigation processes, and decrease the negative consequences of climate change in development processes.

Soares, D; Sandoval-Ayala, NC

Perceptions of Vulnerability to Climate Change in a Rural Community in Yucatan

Tecnologia Y Ciencias Del Agua

Mitigation measures, especially municipal energy infrastructure transformation, have been the focus of Sweden's climate change responses. Recently, adaptation measures have grown in priority and planners are challenged to integrate mitigation and adaptation. In our study, we observe how synergies and conflicts in adaptation, mitigation, and other social and economic dimensions of spatial planning are grappled with in municipalities. We draw primarily from interviews with municipal planners and regional agencies as well as a review of policy documents. Our conclusion is that municipalities could be assisted in their climate change planning by stronger regional and national involvement.

Dymén, C; Langlais, R

Adapting to Climate Change in Swedish Planning Practice

Journal Of Planning Education And Research

https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X12463943

Jurisdictions around the globe are working to address climate change and many municipalities are seeking to protect their communities from its impacts. Although nearly half the world's population resides in rural areas, most municipal climate change planning literature focuses on urban municipalities. To that end, this paper analyzes the public policy process of Nova Scotia, Canada's rural Municipal Climate Change Action Planning mandate. Through an analysis of the plans and follow-up interviews with municipal planners, we examine the conditions that sustain local climate planning and what municipalities gleaned from this climate planning process.

Philp, G; Cohen, A

Municipal climate change adaptation and mitigation: from planning to action in Nova Scotia

Journal Of Environmental Planning And Management

https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2019.1691509

Urban areas mediate climate transformations and generate new forms of climate urbanism. Looking at climate action in the twelve fastest-growing cities in China with under one million people, this paper proposes a perspective on urban climate politics 'from elsewhere' that foregrounds the potential role of smaller urban areas in mediating climate transformations. The analysis reveals three climate action strategies that reflect practical, institutional, and personal spheres of climate transformations. Planning action in the personal sphere provides opportunities for urban transformations. A perspective 'from elsewhere' calls for greater attention to planning for diverse change strategies for climate transformation.

Broto, VC; Westman, L; Huang, P

For an Urban Politics of Looking Elsewhere: Climate Action in Rapidly Growing Chinese Cities

Journal Of Planning Literature

https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122231154495

This article analyses the capacity for climate change adaptation (CCA) in the Swedish electricity grid sector. Utilizing two perspectives from organization theory it directs attention to changes in the sector, from the 1980s until 2010, with radical change with an NPM-reform in 1996. For the time before 1996 findings indicate a high CCA capacity. The reform led to a reduction in this capacity through an increased emphasis on economic efficiency, although there also has been some room for robustness-considerations. This article shows that organizational culture and formal structure influence the capacity to adapt to climate change.

Inderberg, TH

GOVERNANCE FOR CLIMATE-CHANGE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY IN THE SWEDISH ELECTRICITY SECTOR Do changes in structure and culture matter?

Public Management Review

https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2011.650058