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Adaptive co-management and learning are paramount for integrated flood risk management. Relevant literature focuses on adaptation at the level of physical and societal systems. The level of projects and programmes is largely overlooked, but they comprise interventions that adapt our physical systems and they provide opportunities for learning to contribute to transitions of societal systems. This paper aims to increase understanding on how learning takes place and can be stimulated within a programme. The mixed-method case study of Room for the River, a euro2.3 billion programme for flood risk management, shows that a programme can be organised using various governance arrangements to stimulate learning and be a means for adaptive co-management to deliver upon environmental objectives.

van Herk, S; Rijke, J; Zevenbergen, C; Ashley, R; Besseling, B

Adaptive co-management and network learning in the Room for the River programme

Journal Of Environmental Planning And Management

https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2013.873364

Loss and damage due to climate change is a controversial and difficult topic in international climate negotiations, with a number of significant challenges yet to be resolved in relation to recognition, attribution, liability, and compensation. Separately, negotiations have commenced on the draft Global Pact for the Environment, which seeks to enshrine environmental soft law principles into a legally binding agreement between States. This article considers the implications of the draft Pact in progressing the challenges of loss and damage, and finds that the draft Pact has the potential to influence State negotiating positions on loss and damage, as well as supporting judicial interpretation and enforcement in climate change-related cases.

Bruckner, A

The Global Pact for the Environment: Implications for Climate Change Loss and Damage

Environmental And Planning Law Journal

With the 2015 Paris Agreement, `loss and damage' (L&D) was introduced into the -unfccc treaty framework as a new, third substantive area of climate change law. Both before and after its adoption, this new area has been subject to much contentionand this is reflected in a high degree of uncertainty surrounding its interpretation. This article examines the definition of L&D and the types of impact covered by the notion. It also examines the relationship of L&D with mitigation and adaptation, as well as the instruments that are covered by it. Finally, the article considers the controversial issue of who can invoke L&D-and against whom.

Broberg, M

The Third Pillar of International Climate Change Law: Explaining 'Loss and Damage' after the Paris Agreement

Climate Law

https://doi.org/10.1163/18786561-01002004

We document the implementation of the Insurer Climate Risk Disclosure Survey in the United States and provide an overview of its historical development since 2009. By 2020, the Survey is mandatory in 15 states or jurisdictions for insurers that meet the premium threshold. We find that the coverage of the Survey has reached 80% of Property & Liability premiums and close to 100% of life premiums, but the majority of US insurers-especially small or less diversified insurers who are most vulnerable to climate risk-are not covered by this survey. We highlight research opportunities exploiting the unique institutional setting of the Survey while also documenting the caveats of the Survey.

Lin, X; Kim, K; Ivantsova, A

Insights from the mandatory insurer climate risk disclosure survey in the United States

Risk Management And Insurance Review

https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.12237

Changing frequencies and intensities of extreme weather events directly affect settlement vulnerability; when combined with rapid urbanization, these factors also influence urban resilience to climate-related hazards. This article documents how urban resilience can generally be maximized, before examining how it is impacted by extreme hydro-climatic events (i.e. droughts and floods), with a specific case examination for Singapore. In particular, analysis of Singapore's climate from 1950 to 2015 indicates (1) a warmer environment, and (2) recent periods of more intense surface dryness. Lastly, this article suggests how specific climate information regarding extreme event attribution can aid municipal stakeholders involved in urban resilience policy.

Chow, WTL

The impact of weather extremes on urban resilience to hydro-climate hazards: a Singapore case study

International Journal Of Water Resources Development

https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2017.1335186

Continental-scale economic analysis suggests that changes in climate conditions are associated with lower agricultural net revenue in sub-Saharan Africa. Specific locations, however, may not reflect this overall trend due to variation in baseline climate, soils, and socioeconomic factors that are difficult to model at large scales. The economic effect of changes in climate conditions on agricultural revenue in particular places in sub-Saharan Africa remains largely unknown. To test this effect, we study an area of West Africa with high climate variation over a small geographic area. We find that higher temperatures and precipitation lower agricultural revenues in the more important rainy season but increase revenues in the less important cool, dry season.

Wood, SA; Mendelsohn, RO

The impact of climate change on agricultural net revenue: a case study in the Fouta Djallon, West Africa

Environment And Development Economics

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355770X14000084

The strong rain wave suffered by Colombia between 2010 and 2011 brought about some unprecedented floods in the village Campo de la Cruz, in the Atlantico Province. Based on an ethnographic work consisting in interviews, focus groups, and observations by the participants, the human displacement caused by the disaster is studied considering the notions of climate displacement, adaptation and care practices. In addition, the changes taking place in the customs and routines of the displaced community in response to the family fragmentation and the space and resource scarcity are analyzed. Likewise, is discussion is developed on the importance of the promotion and inclusion of this population in the ways the government is dealing with these phenomena.

De la Hoz-Del Real, CI; Amar-Amar, JJ; López-Muñoz, L; Martínez-González, MB

Climate-Based Displacement during 2010-2011 in the Town Campo de la Cruz: Reflections for the Adaptation and Care 8 Years Later

Cuadernos De Desarrollo Rural

https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cdr16-84.dcmc

Phosphorus is a critical agricultural nutrient and a major pollutant in waterbodies due to inefficient use. In the form of rock phosphate it is a finite global commodity vulnerable to price shocks and sourcing challenges. Transforming toward sustainable phosphorus management involves local to global stakeholders. Conventional readings of stakeholders may not reflect system complexity leaving it difficult to see stakeholder roles in transformations. We attempt to remedy this issue with a novel stakeholder analysis method based on five qualitative pillars: stakeholder agency, system roles, power and influence, alignment to the problem, and transformational potential. We argue that our approach suits case studies of individual stakeholders, stakeholder groups, and organisations with relationships to sustainability challenges.

Lyon, C; Cordell, D; Jacobs, B; Martin-Ortega, J; Marshall, R; Camargo-Valero, MA; Sherry, E

Five pillars for stakeholder analyses in sustainability transformations: The global case of phosphorus

Environmental Science & Policy

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.02.019

My aim is to conceptualize power using social science theory and to demonstrate why and how the concept of power can complement resilience studies and other analyses of social-ecological interaction. Social power as a scientific concept refers to the ability to influence both conduct and context. These two dimensions of power (conduct and context) can be observed by differentiating between various sources of power, including, for example, technology or mental power. The relevance of the conceptualization of power presented here is illustrated with the example of fire as a source of social-ecological power. I conclude by discussing how attention to power can help to address issues of social justice and responsibility in social-ecological interactions.

Boonstra, WJ

Conceptualizing power to study social-ecological interactions

Ecology And Society

https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07966-210121

Urban infrastructure will require transformative changes to adapt to changing disturbance patterns. We ask what new opportunities hybrid infrastructure-built environments coupled with landscape-scale biophysical structures and processes-offer for building different layers of resilience critical for dealing with increased variation in the frequency, magnitude and different phases of climate-related disturbances. With its more diverse components and different internal logics, hybrid infrastructure opens up alternative and additive ways of building resilience for and through critical infrastructure, by providing a wider range of functions and responses. Second, hybrid infrastructure points toward greater opportunities for ongoing (re)design at the landscape level, where structure and function can be constantly renegotiated and recombined.

Andersson, E; Grimm, NB; Lewis, JA; Redman, CL; Barthel, S; Colding, J; Elmqvist, T

Urban climate resilience through hybrid infrastructure

Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2022.101158

Designing decision analytical models requires making choices that can involve a range of trade-offs and interactions between epistemic and ethical considerations. Such choices include determining the complexity of a model and deciding what types of risk will be assessed. Here, we demonstrate how model design choices can involve trade-offs between the epistemic benefits of representational completeness and simplicity, which interact with ethical considerations about fairness and human life. We illustrate this point by focusing on modeling studies that assess flood risks in New Orleans, Louisiana. Addressing the ethical and epistemic implications of model design choices can help clarify the scope of factors necessary to inform ethically sound and economically efficient decision-making.

Vézer, M; Bakker, A; Keller, K; Tuana, N

Epistemic and ethical trade-offs in decision analytical modelling

Climatic Change

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-017-2123-9

An analysis of the interdependencies of the impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies upon infrastructure systems in the Metro Boston urban area in the northeastern USA found that taking anticipatory actions well before 2050 results in less total adaptation and impact costs to the region than taking no actions. Because of the interrelations among infrastructure systems, it is critical to take account of the impacts that adaptation actions have on each other and other systems. For the most part these cross-system effects are complementary in nature. But there are important exceptions, so an integrated approach to adaptation policy formulation is needed. Furthermore, adaptation efforts must be designed so as not to confound mitigation efforts.

Kirshen, P; Ruth, M; Anderson, W

Interdependencies of urban climate change impacts and adaptation strategies: a case study of Metropolitan Boston USA

Climatic Change

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9252-5

Significant attention has focused on the possibility that climate change will displace large populations in the developing world, but few multivariate studies have investigated climate-induced migration. We use event history methods and a unique longitudinal dataset from the rural Ethiopian highlands to investigate the effects of drought on population mobility over a 10-year period. The results indicate that men's labor migration increases with drought and that land-poor households are the most vulnerable. However, marriage-related moves by women also decrease with drought. These findings suggest a hybrid narrative of environmentally-induced migration that recognizes multiple dimensions of adaptation to environmental change. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gray, C; Mueller, V

Drought and Population Mobility in Rural Ethiopia

World Development

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.023

Anthropogenic climate change poses huge challenges to humanity. The frequency and magnitude of extreme weather is increasing. As more attention turns to disaster preparedness and recovery, it is worth recognising that many communities have a long history of living with the flux of planetary dynamism. They are experienced in negotiating collective well-being with one another and with the earth. Other communities have less experience and know-how and have had to adopt more experimental approaches. In this paper we draw on planetary social thought and critical disaster studies to re-think disaster recovery. We present stories of communities in the Philippines differently negotiating collective well-being in the face of climate uncertainty.

Gibson, K; Hill, A

Living with flux in the Philippines: Negotiating collective well-being and disaster recovery

Asia Pacific Viewpoint

https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12334

In seeking to understand how future societies will be affected by climate change we cannot simply assume they will be identical to those of today, because climate and societies are both dynamic. Here we propose that the concept of demographic metabolism and the associated methods of multi-dimensional population projections provide an effective analytical toolbox to forecast important aspects of societal change that affect adaptive capacity. We present an example of how the changing educational composition of future populations can influence societies' adaptive capacity. Multi-dimensional population projections form the human core of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios, and knowledge and analytical tools from demography have great value in assessing the likely implications of climate change on future human well-being.

Lutz, W; Muttarak, R

Forecasting societies' adaptive capacities through a demographic metabolism model

Nature Climate Change

https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE3222

We estimate the effect of hydro-meteorological emergencies on internal migration in Costa Rica during 1995-2000. We find that, on average, emergencies significantly increase average migration. However, we also find that emergencies with the most severe consequences, those with loss of lives, decrease migration. The severity of the consequences may explain the differences in the sign of the effect in previous research. We also find that emergencies significantly increase population in metropolitan areas. Less severe emergencies significantly increase migration toward metropolitan areas. More severe emergencies significantly decrease migration toward non-metropolitan areas. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Robalino, J; Jimenez, J; Chacón, A

The Effect of Hydro-Meteorological Emergencies on Internal Migration

World Development

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.10.031

Climate change can affect the efficiency with which development resources are invested and the eventual achievement of many development objectives. Drawing upon illustrative case studies in six developing countries: Bangladesh, Egypt, Tanzania, Uruguay, Nepal and Fiji, this article examines the synergies and trade-offs involved in integrating adaptation to climate change in development cooperation activities. Key barriers facing such integration are identified. An agenda is proposed for enhancing development efforts by mainstreaming climate risk management, organized around improving the usability of climate information, developing and testing climate risk screening tools, employing appropriate entry points for climate information, focusing more on implementation, and improving coordination and sharing of good practices.

Agrawala, S; van Aalst, M

Adapting development cooperation to adapt to climate change

Climate Policy

https://doi.org/10.3763/cpol.2007.0435

Technologies for mitigating and adapting to climate change are inherently political. Their development, diffusion and deployment will have uneven impacts within and across national borders. Bringing the governance of climate technologies under democratic control is imperative but impeded by the global scale of governance and its polycentric nature. This article draws on innovative theorising in the deliberative democracy tradition to map possibilities for global democratic governance of climate technologies. It is argued that this domain is not beyond the reach of democracy. Civil society has a unique and expanded role to play in generating democratic legitimacy by fostering public deliberation; translating and transmitting concepts, ideas and messages; and promoting and facilitating deliberative accountability.

Stevenson, H

Governing Climate Technologies: Is there Room for Democracy?

Environmental Values

https://doi.org/10.3197/096327113X13745164553752

This paper proposes frameworks to analyze the gender dimensions of climate change-induced migration. The experiences, needs and priorities of climate migrants will vary by gender and these differences need to be accounted for if policies are to be inclusive. Among the vulnerable groups, women are likely to be disproportionately affected due to climate change because on average women tend to be poorer, less educated, have a lower health status and have limited direct access to or ownership of natural resources. Both the process (actual movement) and the outcomes (rural-rural or rural-urban migration, out-migration mainly of men) of climate change-induced migration are also likely to be highly gendered.

Chindarkar, N

Gender and climate change-induced migration: proposing a framework for analysis

Environmental Research Letters

https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/025601

Understanding how a changing climate alters regional comparative advantage is crucial for evaluating the economic impacts of climate change. I exploit temporal variation in decades-long averages of weather and estimate crop acreage elasticities with respect to climate change in the United States. I find substantial climate change adaptation through acreage adjustments in US agriculture. Climate change explains about 10-35% of the observed US corn and soybean expansion over the past 30 years, and climate-driven crop substitution has played an important role. The acreage response is heterogeneous across major and minor producing areas and across dryland and irrigated counties. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cui, XM

Climate change and adaptation in agriculture: Evidence from US cropping patterns

Journal Of Environmental Economics And Management

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2020.102306

The need for the global aviation sector to adapt and develop resilience to the potential impacts of climate change is gaining momentum. This paper expands on previous analysis by EUROCONTROL to further clarify the expected impacts for the sector. It identifies key questions to ask when considering a climate risk assessment, looks at developing a climate adaptation plan and identifies potential resilience measures. Finally, the paper presents the outcomes of a recent workshop on Adapting Aviation to a Changing Climate identifying four key priorities for action to develop climate change resilience. It concludes that identifying knowledge gaps, raising awareness and promoting collaboration are key steps in building climate change resilience for the aviation sector at both European and global level.

Burbidge, R

Adapting aviation to a changing climate: Key priorities for action

Journal Of Air Transport Management

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2018.04.004

This article attempts to understand the perception of the rice-growing farmers on the issue of climate change (CC) and identify their adaptive capacity (AC). A survey was conducted through structured questionnaires to understand farmers' perception and adaptation strategies in response to changing climate and variability. The findings indicate that farmers are moderately adaptive to CC in the study area. The result also revealed that the main barriers are lack of funds and government support available information to CC. Farmers with higher AC can produce greater amount of rice. Rice producers should be enabled through improved extension services, government aid, such as grants, training for better level of adaptability, to help them achieve higher rice production.

Akhtar, R; Masud, MM; Afroz, R

Perception of Climate Change and the Adaptation Strategies and Capacities of the Rice Farmers in Kedah, Malaysia

Environment And Urbanization Asia

https://doi.org/10.1177/0975425318822338

Learning from the present polycrisis exacerbated by the global pandemic and applying these lessons to the issue of climate change could bring long-term benefits. This contribution offers a novel point of view on the active role of urban services (re-defined as adaptation services) in supporting human systems' adaptation to climate change. Furthermore, it discusses the implications of cross-level and cross-scale interactions in the management of adaptation services' systems. The convergence of information collected from different sources (data triangulation) by means of literature review, in-deep analysis of policy documents and a continuous dialogue with key stakehoklers shall ensure the consistency of the point of view proposed.

Bernardini, C

Soft-approach to climate change adaptation. The active role of urban services

Techne-Journal Of Technology For Architecture And Environment

https://doi.org/10.36253/techne-12153

The country of Mexico has a long and varied experience with drought, whether described by early historical chronicles or contemporary climatic data and disaster declarations. Much of Mexico is semi-arid and interannual rainfall is highly variable. The experience of drought has resulted in a wide range of adaptations to climate variability, yet today many Mexicans are still extremely vulnerable to lower than average rainfall. This article provides an overview of the nature, causes and consequences of drought in Mexico, focusing on how vulnerability and adaptations vary over time anti space. Some preliminary results of a case study of the recent drought in northern Mexico illustrate the state of vulnerability and the limits of adaptation in contemporary Mexico.

Liverman, DM

Vulnerability and adaptation to drought in Mexico

Natural Resources Journal

This paper introduces an analytical framework for evaluating the vulnerability of people and places to environmental and social forces. The framework represents the relative vulnerability of a variable of concern (e.g. such as agricultural yield) to a set of disturbing forces (e.g. climate change, market fluctuations) by a position on a three-dimensional analytical surface, where vulnerability is defined as a function of sensitivity, exposure, and the state relative to a threshold of damage. The surface is presented as a tool to help identify relative vulnerability in order to prioritize actions and assess the vulnerability implications of management and policy decisions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Luers, AL

The surface of vulnerability: An analytical framework for examining environmental change

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2005.04.003

Perceptions of a continuing crisis in managing Sahelian resources are rooted in five dimensions of the Sahel Drought of 1972-1974 as it was understood at the time: crises in rainfall (drought), food supply, livestock management, environmental degradation, and household coping capabilities. A closer examination of household livelihood and farming systems shows that adaptive strategies have been evolved in response to each of these imperatives. Illustrations are provided from recent research in north-east Nigeria. A systematic understanding of indigenous adaptive capabilities can provide a basis for policies enabling a reduction of dependency on aid assistance in the Sahel. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mortimore, MJ; Adams, WM

Farmer adaptation, change and 'crisis' in the Sahel

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(00)00044-3

The impacts of climate change on people are not homogeneous, with some social groups being more heavily affected than others. This is due to the existence of a differential and contextual vulnerability that most often is related to inequality. In this sense, gender is a key axis of social inequality that intersects with other systems of power and marginalization to cause unequal experiences of climate change vulnerability and adaptive capacity. Thus, a gender analysis in climate change research examines structures and relationships of power. In this article, I provide some examples of differential impacts of climate change and how feminist studies make visible the underlying causes of vulnerability as well as the agency of marginalised actors to propose alternatives.

Rivera-Ferre, M

CLIMATE CHANGE IS NOT EQUAL TO ALL The contribution of feminist studies to climate change research

Metode Science Studies Journal

https://doi.org/10.7203/metode.12.20508

Drawing on the dynamic capability view, we analyse how insurers adapt to climate change impacts and how adaptation relates to corporate financial performance. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we deduce seven categories of adaptation measures associated with three dynamic capability dimensions of climate change adaptation (i.e. climate knowledge absorption, climate-related operational flexibility and strategic climate integration). Using this framework, we conduct a content analysis of insurers' adaptation efforts as reported to the Carbon Disclosure Project. Regression analysis reveals positive relationships between climate knowledge absorption and return on assets (ROA), climate-related operational flexibility and ROA, and between the total number of adaptation measures and ROA.

Stechemesser, K; Endrikat, J; Grasshoff, N; Guenther, E

Insurance Companies' Responses to Climate Change: Adaptation, Dynamic Capabilities and Competitive Advantage

Geneva Papers On Risk And Insurance-Issues And Practice

https://doi.org/10.1057/gpp.2015.1

Coffee farmers who wish to become more resilient to the impacts of climate change must adopt environmentally sustainable practices that help in their adaptation to a changing environment. Among these practices is the incorporation of shade crops into coffee farms and the diversification of coffee varieties. These practices provide important services, both economic and environmental, that can contribute towards improved livelihoods. Using data from discreet choice experiments from Nicaragua, we assess farmers' willingness to change their management practices to improved practices that can help them in their adaptation to climate change. Our results show that coffee producers have heterogeneous preferences and are willing to introduce an additional shade crop and coffee varieties in their farms.

Bro, AS; Ortega, DL; Clay, DC; Richardson, RB

Understanding individuals' incentives for climate change adaptation in Nicaragua's coffee sector

Climate And Development

https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2019.1619506

A Capability Approach is adopted to critically analyse, in the interests of Climate Justice, whether the Paris Agreement is likely to adequately protect human and non-human Capabilities from the worst impacts of climate disasters. The mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage provisions of the Paris Agreement are not convincing. Adaptation offers only a modest response to climate change, compared with mitigation, and current financial commitments to fund adaptation in developing countries are far too low. Consequently, the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have a long way to go in their negotiations before they have any hope of meeting their agreed temperature goals, and protecting human and non-human Capabilities from climate disasters.

Lyster, R

Climate justice, adaptation and the Paris Agreement: a recipe for disasters?

Environmental Politics

https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2017.1287626

The paper presents a method for environmental vulnerability assessment with a case study of the Mid-Atlantic region. The method is based on the concept of self-/peer-appraisal of a watershed in term of vulnerability. The self-/peer-appraisal process is facilitated by two separate linear optimization programs. The analysis provided insights on the environmental conditions, in general, and the relative vulnerability pattern, in particular, of the Mid-Atlantic region. The suggested method offers a simple but effective and objective way to perform a regional environmental vulnerability assessment. Consequently the method can be used in various steps in environmental assessment and planning. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Tran, LT; O'Neill, RV; Smith, ER

A watershed-based method for environmental vulnerability assessment with a case study of the Mid-Atlantic region

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2011.11.005

Resilience has become a key concept in the sciences and practices of environmental governance. Yet governing for resilience is a major challenge because it requires governance systems to be both stable and flexible at the same time. The concept of 'institutional work' is a promising lens for analysing the dynamic tension between stability and flexibility in governance systems. It refers to actions through which actors create, maintain, or disrupt institutions. The paper explains the concept of institutional work and shows how it usefully integrates several emerging lines of study regarding agency in governance. Overall, the concept of institutional work opens up novel opportunities for analysing the interactions between actors and institutional structures that produce stability and flexibility in governance systems.

Beunen, R; Patterson, J; Van Assche, K

Governing for resilience: the role of institutional work

Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2017.04.010

Climate and environmental changes pose emerging and unique challenges to international securityas the global community experiences issues of food insecurity, severe droughts and floodsand have cascading impacts on energy supplies and infrastructure. Environmental hazards may shift abruptly, posing new risks to vulnerable systems and critical nodes in ways that diverge from historical experience. Effective risk assessments and planning will require understanding of how climate change will affect natural disasters and disaster response, and how hazards may be more extreme or unique from past experiences. This article discusses the role of climate change in affecting security planning from a military perspective, and how integration of scientific data and intelligence methods can foster assessment and effective response.

Briggs, CM

Climate security, risk assessment and military planning

International Affairs

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01118.x

We study the short-run, dynamic employment effects of natural disasters. We exploit monthly data for 70 3 -digits NAICS industries and 78 Puerto Rican counties over the period 1995-2019. Our exogenous measure of exposure to natural disasters is computed using the maximum wind speed recorded in each county during each hurricane. Using panel local projections, we find that after the averagehurricane, employment falls by 0.5% on average. Across industries, we find substantial heterogeneity in the employment responses. Employment increases in some industries while in others employment decreases after a hurricane. This heterogeneity can be partly explained by input-output linkages.

Barattieri, A; Borda, P; Brugnoli, A; Pelli, M; Tschopp, J

The short-run, dynamic employment effects of natural disasters: New insights from Puerto Rico

Ecological Economics

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107693

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) has helped to reduce global disaster risk, but there has been a lack of progress in disaster risk reduction (DRR) for people living in fragile and conflict affected contexts (FCAC). Given the mounting evidence that DRR cannot be implemented through conventional approaches in FCAC, serious efforts must be made to understand how to meet SFDRR's goals. This paper offers a case study of international non-governmental organization GOAL's programming that responds to the protracted crisis in Syria, with a critical discussion on SFDRR and how to adapt humanitarian relief and disaster resilience.

Patel, SS; McCaul, B; Cáceres, G; Peters, LER; Patel, RB; Clark-Ginsberg, A

Delivering the promise of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction in fragile and conflict-affected contexts (FCAC): A case study of the NGO GOAL's response to the Syria conflict

Progress In Disaster Science

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2021.100172

This article addresses the interrelation between rainfall variability, food insecurity and human mobility in three villages located in the Same District, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, namely the villages Vudee, Bangalala and Ruvu Mferejini which are of distinct elevation and precipitation levels. It runs a comparison between the three villages and shows that there is a positive relationship between rainfall shortage and out-migration, after taking other important demographic and socio-economic factors into account, such as age, wealth and education. The article further argues that the mechanism through which rainfall variability affects human mobility in the research site is food insecurity for humans and livestock.

Afifi, T; Liwenga, E; Kwezi, L

Rainfall-induced crop failure, food insecurity and out-migration in Same-Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Climate And Development

https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2013.826128

While socio-ecological systems are susceptible to social shocks, a theoretical and empirical understanding of social-shock adaptation remains absent from the literature. This article investigates the Syrian refugee crisis in water-scarce Jordan, where historical waves of migration have shaped water governance. Findings suggest that water sector adaptation to social shocks fits within broader adaptation theory, and that frequent refugee crises in Jordan have perpetuated reactive water governance, shaping the sector's resiliencies, vulnerabilities, and adaptation processes. Through examining adaptation processes in the acute water and refugee contexts of Jordan, we suggest that through planning and preparedness, socio-ecological systems could build resilience to social shocks.

Westheimer, N; Gilmont, M; Sternberg, T

'Hotel Middle East': social shocks and adaptation in Jordan's domestic water sector

Water International

https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2019.1622277

While the harmful impact of droughts is well-documented in rural areas, how droughts affect cities' economies remains an open question. Using monthly labour force surveys from 78 cities in Latin America, we demonstrate that large sustained dry events decrease the probability of being employed, hourly wages, hours worked, and labour incomes. Informal workers are impacted the most. We highlight that the impact of droughts is larger than the impact of wet events, like those that cause floods. Health and power outages are two pathways explaining our results. Climate change will increase the occurrence of droughts, making our findings particularly relevant. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Desbureaux, S; Rodella, AS

Drought in the city: The economic impact of water scarcity in Latin American metropolitan areas

World Development

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.09.026

This article advances a conceptual framework that illuminates how racialised uneven development inscribes overlapping and interacting risks from climate, environmental and economic riskscapes into 'high-risk neighbourhoods'. Drawing on archival sources, geographic information systems and qualitative comparative analysis, it examines the production of high-risk neighbourhoods in Stockton, CA. With significant scholarly and practical implications, the findings reveal how different historical configurations of devalued racialised people and places, adverse housing market incorporation and displacement, and unequal flood protections are associated with elevated risk of exposure to climate-related sea-level rise in Stockton's high-risk neighbourhoods.

Liévanos, RS

Racialised uneven development and multiple exposure: sea-level rise and high-risk neighbourhoods in Stockton, CA

Cambridge Journal Of Regions Economy And Society

https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsaa009

USABLE CLIMATE KNOWLEDGE? THE RELATIONSHIP OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES TO SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGES AND CLIMATE ADAPTATION This paper is an analysis of how local government employees domesticate climate science for the purpose of climate adaptation. Employees in Norwegian municipalities perceive the consequences of climate change as a serious challenge, but while placing trust in climate science they consider it too difficult to use. The paper discusses how these employees perceive the challenges of appropriating climate science knowledge and putting it to use. It is found that technologies of bureaucracy, such as new and updated standards and regulations, are in demand as they are considered vital in enabling practical knowledge as well as political authorization of its credibility.

Næss, R; Solli, J; Sorensen, KH

USABLE CLIMATE KNOWLEDGE? THE RELATIONSHIP OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES TO SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGES AND CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Tidsskrift For Samfunnsforskning

Various insurance schemes are increasingly considered as part of a comprehensive set of responses aimed at adapting the world to future climate change. Insurance is believed to provide resources needed to rebuild societies following adverse effects of extreme weather events, and do so in a way that encourages preventive, risk-reducing action. After investigating the idea of climate insurance from a normative standpoint, it is argued that when understood conventionally - i.e. commercially - climate insurance is a highly unattractive idea. There are more defensible models of reactive adaptation that retain aspects of insurance, including, in particular, a model that is more reminiscent of a (global) social insurance model.

Duus-Otterström, G; Jagers, SC

Why (most) climate insurance schemes are a bad idea

Environmental Politics

https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2011.573354

In the past decades, various regions in U.P. had experienced severe floods. The effects of climate change also affected agricultural production. This study investigated the farmers' perception of climate change and suggested strategies for mitigating its effects using a primary survey with the help of a pre-structured schedule. Change in rainfall pattern, problems in seed quality, the emergence of new pests and diseases, changes in the crop cycle were the few effects that farmers' perceived due to climate change. Even the most mitigation efforts by the farmers cannot prevent some of the impacts of climate change within the following decades. It makes adaptation a must-have for addressing these impacts.

Chaudhary, H; Mishra, K

An Assessment of Farmers' Perception and Adaptive Capacity for Climate Change

Indian Journal Of Economics And Development

https://doi.org/10.35716/IJED/21264

Structured decision-making concepts and tools have been broadly applied in a wide range of policy contexts to help advance clear, creative and pluralistic decision processes. Policies to link climate change adaptation and mitigation with sustainable development must address a number of complexities which include linkages across scales and irreducible uncertainties. Decision support tools such as objectives networks and influence diagrams are useful for structuring these complex decision problems. These tools and their underlying rationale are described, and then applied to a concrete example to illustrate their relevance for linking adaptation, mitigation and sustainable development decisions. The example used is a major transportation infrastructure programme in British Columbia, Canada, with clear impacts on both climate change and regional sustainability.

Wilson, C; Mcdaniels, T

Structured decision-making to link climate change and sustainable development

Climate Policy

Tibetan villagers' perceptions of climate change and its impacts are very detailed and can give important insights into local concerns and processes of climate change. Perceived climate changes and impacts differed significantly even within a small geographic area. Furthermore, climate change was seen as a moral and spiritual issue. These interpretations affect how people deal with climate change and its impacts and which solutions are regarded as relevant. In order to effectively address climate change impacts at the local scale and to enable the process of adaptation, it is necessary to address a combination of perceptions, local variations, moral and spiritual interpretations, and locally relevant solutions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Byg, A; Salick, J

Local perspectives on a global phenomenon-Climate change in Eastern Tibetan villages

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.01.010

The impact of climate variability on wheat crops has been estimated using classical and neutrosophic approaches. Temperature and rain have been incorporated as the indicators of climate variability during wheat growth phenology and taking wheat yield as a dependent variable. A comparative analysis of estimated results under the classical approach with the neutrosophic approach has been performed. The results revealed that rising temperature is stressing the wheat yield. The second stage of the wheat crop is the most vulnerable growth stage which is more susceptible to temperature than rain. Further, the neutrosophic estimation seems more reliable and elaborates additional dimensions of analysis in which the classical approach is incapable.

Janjua, AA; Aslam, M; Ahmed, Z

Comparative Analysis of Climate Variability and Wheat Crop under Neutrosophic Environment

Mapan-Journal Of Metrology Society Of India

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12647-021-00485-7

This paper examines global demographic change as a driver of migration within the context of anticipated climate change. It begins by briefly considering some theoretical formulations which relate demographic change and migration. It then considers evolving global demographic trends and discusses some of their potential impacts upon migration. It is shown that there is a close spatial coincidence between demographic and climate change hotspots that will influence migration in complex ways. It then turns to the complex interaction between demographic change, environmental change and migration, both in the past and potential developments in the future. It concludes with a discussion of the potential impacts of future trends and their policy implications. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hugo, G

Future demographic change and its interactions with migration and climate change

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.09.008

Jones S. If you can make it here, you can make it anywhere': performance management and PlaNYC climate change initiatives, Regional Studies. This paper investigates the contribution of performance management in implementing climate initiatives introduced by the Bloomberg administration in New York City. PlaNYC has been praised as one of the most significant climate change initiatives by a city government as it included measurement protocols and a performance management framework to provide evidence for policy and management change. This paper develops an assessment framework and takes a case study approach to examine the context and implementation of PlaNYC from 2007 to 2013. The analysis provides insights for other city governments developing and implementing climate change policies.

Jones, S

'If You Can Make it Here, You Can Make it Anywhere': Performance Management and PlaNYC Climate Change Initiatives

Regional Studies

https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2015.1052389

In response to the development and climate crisis of the Anthropocene, world leaders at the 2015 UN Sustainable Development Summit in New York have reconfirmed the urgency of a sustainability transformation. This paper shows how a strong conceptualisation of sustainability can guide scientists in contributing to this transformation. The Eastern and Southern Africa Partnership Programme (1999-2015) offers experiences in framing and implementing research as a transdisciptinary future-forming process. Its procedural, reflexive programme design proved adequate to support the democratisation of knowledge generation. This fostered evidence-based contextualised knowledge and corresponding institutions, and strengthened the future-forming capacity of all partners involved.

Ott, C; Kiteme, B

Concepts and practices for the democratisation of knowledge generation in research partnerships for sustainable development

Evidence & Policy

https://doi.org/10.1332/174426416X14700793045951

This paper examines the effects of the 2012 revisions to the damage predictions of an anticipated Nankai Trough megathrust earthquake on subsequent inter-municipality migration in Japan's coastal areas. We find that an increase in predicted tsunami height-rather than anticipated seismic movements-after the 2012 revision is associated with a subsequent reduction in net migration. While the reducing effect of tsunami predictions on in-migration persisted throughout the study period, the effect on out-migration was only temporary. Moreover, working-age people are more likely to respond to tsunami risk and avoid moving to municipalities with a high tsunami risk after the revisions.

Naoi, M; Sato, K; Tanaka, Y; Matsuura, H; Nagamatsu, S

Natural hazard information and migration across cities: evidence from the anticipated Nankai Trough earthquake

Population And Environment

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-020-00346-6

This paper reports on ongoing research on the impact of global environmental and economic change on small farming in Jamaica using a case study of southern St Elizabeth The area is one of the principal small farming regions in the country and supplies both the domestic market and the Jamaican tourist Industry Farmers in this rain shadow region are susceptible to multiple hazards and have been particularly badly affected by hurricanes droughts and bush fires in recent years This paper focuses on farmers responses to and perceptions of drought hazards and explores contrasts between drought hazard impacts and hurricane hazard impacts in three communities in the study area Farmers coping strategies are examined (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved

Campbell, D; Barker, D; McGregor, D

Dealing with drought Small farmers and environmental hazards in southern St Elizabeth, Jamaica

Applied Geography

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.03.007

Since about 1990, when sustainability became a key concept for a wide range of scientific disciplines, the need for multidisciplinary collaboration has increased. We present five illustrative cases from the long-standing environmental research work at the University of Groningen. The projects described are about hazardous materials risk, odor annoyance, energy scenario evaluation, climate decision analysis, and household consumption, respectively. The various case discussions emphasize experiences in research conceptualization, project design and execution, main findings, policy advice and surplus value, and difficulties met. Conclusions and recommendations are presented about the practice of multidisciplinary research. Finally, some challenges for research and development about environmental sustainability are discussed.

Uiterkamp, AJMS; Vlek, C

Practice and outcomes of multidisciplinary research for environmental sustainability

Journal Of Social Issues

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00502.x

This paper serves to introduce the topic of intergenerational trust funds and their legal forms in the Pacific. It gives an overview of the nature of these funds, what distinguishes them one from the other, and their strengths and weaknesses from a legal point of view. Intergenerational trust funds started with primarily budget support purposes but have been adapted over the years to serve other purposes, in particular the protection of ecosystems and for climate adaptation and environmental protection and disaster relief. Following a consideration of the structural and operational aspects of some key Pacific funds, the paper concludes with a reflection on practice over the years and identifies what is or should be best practice for such funds.

Angelo, T; Bell, B; Roylance, B

Intergenerational Trust Funds in the Pacific

Journal Of Pacific History

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2016.1193268

Understanding the effects of local knowledge on actions and decisions taken during a crisis is important; empirical studies and scientific data can be instructive to this end. This study integrated local knowledge (Pranata Mangsa) in Jawa, Indonesia, with scientific data on diurnal rainfall, extreme precipitation events, using the Local and Indigenous Knowledge System (LINKS). The results showed that Pranata Mangsa has informed aspects of agriculture including crop calendars, crop patterns, and farming activities, for over 1000 years in Jawa. Pranata Mangsa also enhances community resilience by mitigating the effects of extreme droughts; this finding was validated using scientific data.

Zaki, MK; Noda, K; Ito, K; Komariah, K; Sumani, S; Senge, M

Adaptation to Extreme Hydrological Events by Javanese Society through Local Knowledge

Sustainability

https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410373

This study investigates the factors that constrain and enable adaptation planning for increasing flood risk in Canada. It uses a multiple-methods, multi-scalar approach to identify interconnected barriers and drivers that operate across municipal, provincial, and federal levels of government in Vancouver and Surrey, British Columbia. Through a policy content analysis (n = 54) and in-depth interviews with planners and other practitioners (n = 31), the study finds five major barriers to the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation: inadequate collaboration, absence of senior level political leadership, lack of public awareness, insufficient financial and staff capacity, and misalignment of policies within and between levels of government.

Oulahen, G; Klein, Y; Mortsch, L; O'Connell, E; Harford, D

Barriers and Drivers of Planning for Climate Change Adaptation across Three Levels of Government in Canada

Planning Theory & Practice

https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2018.1481993

Adaptation to climate change is emerging as a central objective and policy frame for coastal communities. This paper examines recent climate change adaptation efforts in the UK, centring on the case of Fairbourne, Wales. The village is facing the long-term prospect of flooding and inundation due to the impacts of sea level rise. The recent Shoreline Management Plan for the area has recommended realignment of the coast and eventual decommissioning of Fairbourne. The paper draws on a qualitative research methodology of interviews, policy review and observation to narrate the case and provide key insights and lessons for planners working in environmentally vulnerable coastal settings and managing climate adaptation processes.

Buser, M

Coastal Adaptation Planning in Fairbourne, Wales: lessons for Climate Change Adaptation

Planning Practice And Research

https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2019.1696145

In this report, I review the concept of community-based adaptation, showing how it morphed from a participatory development-informed approach centred around agency and empowerment to one which is often externally driven, focusing on a spatial, rather than social, definition of community. I then highlight how locally-led adaptation is attempting to re-focus attention on agency, whilst also managing a conceptualisation of 'local' that is not limited to the community-level. Since the concept of locally-led adaptation is emerging, it is critical to learn from participatory development and the critiques of community-based adaptation to ensure that it is not also diluted from its intentions.

Vincent, K

Development geography II: Community-based adaptation and locally-led adaptation

Progress In Human Geography

https://doi.org/10.1177/03091325231166076

The burgeoning interest in social capital within the climate change community represents a welcome move towards a concern for the behavioural elements of adaptive action and capacity. In this paper the case is put forward for a critical engagement with social capital. There is need for an open debate on the conceptual and analytical traps and opportunities that social capital presents. The paper contrasts three schools of thought on social capital and uses a social capital lens to map out current and future areas for research on adaptation to climate change. It identifies opportunities for using social capital to research adaptive capacity and action within communities of place and communities of practice. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pelling, M; High, C

Understanding adaptation: What can social capital offer assessments of adaptive capacity?

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2005.02.001

Disaster research has been concerned with the role of adverse environmental conditions vis-a-vis adverse social conditions in determining food access during catastrophes. This paper investigates the issue, and presents household-data from flood-devastated Bangladesh to argue that, while hunger is clearly associated with exposure to disaster conditions, prior deficits in resources (given the education, occupation and ownership of productive assets of household-members) are more significant in determining the risk of consumption failure during catastrophes. The paper finds that, the risk-generating factors are often interrelated, but, their relative contributions vary across households having varying locations of natural hazards and in consumption distribution.

Banerjee, L

CATASTROPHES AND CONSUMPTION FAILURE

Singapore Economic Review

https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590816400063

The study uses commune fixed-effects regressions to estimate the effect of natural disasters on welfare and poverty of rural households in Vietnam, and subsequently examines household and community characteristics that can strengthen resilience of households to natural disasters. We find that all the three disaster types considered in this study including storms, floods, and droughts have negative effects on household income and expenditure. Households in communes with higher mean expenditure and more equal expenditure distribution are more resilient to natural disasters. Access to micro-credit, internal remittances, and social allowances can help households strengthen the resilience to natural disasters. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Arouri, M; Nguyen, C; Ben Youssef, A

Natural Disasters, Household Welfare, and Resilience: Evidence from Rural Vietnam

World Development

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.12.017

Climatic variability exerts tremendous influence on the livelihoods and well-being of pastoralists in the Horn of Africa. Recent advances in climate forecasting technologies have raised the intriguing prospect of reasonably accurate forecasts of coming seasons' rainfall patterns. We explore the value of such external climate forecast information to pastoralists in southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya using data collected using both open-ended, qualitative methods to identify and understand indigenous climate forecasting methods and quantitative data collected using survey instruments. On balance, climate forecast information does not seem a limiting factor at present in pastoralist communities in the Horn of Africa. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Luseno, WK; McPeak, JG; Barrett, CB; Little, PD; Gebru, G

Assessing the value of climate forecast information for pastoralists: Evidence from southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya

World Development

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00113-X

This paper investigates how a requirement for regional government to coordinate adaptation planning has been interpreted and implemented. Using the theory of boundary organization applied to a multi-level context, and using four counties in Western Norway as a case, the paper develops a framework for assessing how regional level governance actors can support local level implementation of climate change adaptation through boundary work. Even though adaptation is not treated as a salient issue in most of the municipalities studied, regional level coordination efforts are creating a hybrid management space that aids mediation between local knowledge and expert adaptation knowledge. They thus hold the potential for better local level adaptation planning. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dannevig, H; Aall, C

The regional level as boundary organization? An analysis of climate change adaptation governance in Norway

Environmental Science & Policy

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.07.001

A model of post-disaster migration responses and income consequences poses that damage severity and individual resilience affect moving decisions. Forced moves are linked to little resilience relative to damage incurred and post-move income reductions. The empirical analysis analyzes households affected by hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Using American Community Survey data, unobserved heterogeneous income damages are framed as treatment, with the moving decision being the treatment decision. An endogenous switching regression addresses self-selection issues. The results suggest that movers encountered double victimization: (1) they were forced to move and their income declined; (2) low-income households were more severely affected than the average.

Yun, SD; Waldorf, BS

THE DAY AFTER THE DISASTER: FORCED MIGRATION AND INCOME LOSS AFTER HURRICANES KATRINA AND RITA

Journal Of Regional Science

https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12250

For anthropologists who are involved in Arctic climate change research, cultural conceptions of time and sentience have yet to receive explicit research attention, choosing rather to focus on the societal effects of climate change and formulating more adaptive human responses. Notwithstanding the value of this research, the methodologies often used tend to reflect a culturally based assumption that there exists a single characterization of time and sentience that applies to all Arctic residents. Based on collaborative research with the Koyukon community of Huslia, Alaska, this paper challenges that assumption and identifies some of the cross-cultural challenges of conducting climate change research when differing notions of time and sentience are encountered.

Natcher, DC; Huntington, O; Huntington, H; Chapin, FS; Trainor, SF; DeWilde, L

Notions of time and sentience: Methodological considerations for arctic climate change research

Arctic Anthropology

https://doi.org/10.1353/arc.2011.0099

This paper investigates how climate adaptation measures are mainstreamed in the larger political agenda of cities in the Global South. Based on a content analysis of the development plans of the 10 biggest cities in Colombia the paper presents a typology of how climate adaptation is addressed in the political agendas. It is shown that institutional constraints and the complex character of adaptation are challenges for mainstreaming adaptation and lead to implementation difficulties. In order to get a clear picture of the reasons why mainstreaming adaptation is not a problem-free, linear process but rather a winding road, climate adaptation has to be understood as a contested policy field which stands in competition to other political goals.

Koch, F

Mainstreaming adaptation: a content analysis of political agendas in Colombian cities

Climate And Development

https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2016.1223592

Currently, the effect of dike breaches on downstream discharge partitioning and flood risk is not addressed in flood safety assessments. In a bifurcating river system, a dike breach may cause overland flows which can change downstream flood risk and discharge partitioning. This study examines how dike breaches and overflow affect overland flow patterns and discharges of the rivers of the Rhine delta. For extreme discharges, an increase in flood risk along the river branch with the smallest discharge capacity was found, while flood risk along the other river branches was reduced. Therefore, dike breaches and resulting overland flow patterns must be included in flood safety assessments.

Bomers, A; Schielen, RMJ; Hulscher, SJMH

Consequences of dike breaches and dike overflow in a bifurcating river system

Natural Hazards

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03643-y

This paper provides a short introduction to the special issue of Environmental Science and Policy dedicated to policy issues emerging from the large integrating European ACQWA project. This 5-year research project focused on upstream-downstream links related to water resources in mountains where snow and ice are a major component of the hydrological cycle - and thus extremely vulnerable to climatic change. Contributions to this special issue explore issues of governance in different socio-political contexts (Europe, Chile, Kyrgyzstan), and for environmental and economic sectors that compete for water, such as freshwater ecosystems, agriculture or energy (hydropower). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Beniston, M; Stoffel, M; Clarvis, MH; Quevauviller, P

Assessing climate change impacts on the quantity of water in Alpine regions: Foreword to the adaptation and policy implications of the EU/FP7 ACQWA project

Environmental Science & Policy

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2014.01.009

This paper considers community-based adaptation (CBA) to climate change and its relationship to the theory and practice of participatory development. It is argued that CBA needs to recognise the considered experience of participatory development to date, particularly in relation to local involvement in project planning and implementation, as well as acknowledging the specific challenges raised by climate change. Without attention to risks and uncertainty, political structures and institutions, the necessarily multi-level nature of adaptation policy and programming, and the links between mitigation and adaptation politics and practice, outcomes of CBA interventions are unlikely to support pro-poor development. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dodman, D; Mitlin, D

CHALLENGES FOR COMMUNITY-BASED ADAPTATION: DISCOVERING THE POTENTIAL FOR TRANSFORMATION

Journal Of International Development

https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1772

Scenarios play a prominent role in policy debates over climate change, but questions continue about how best to use them. We describe a new analytic method, based on robust decision making, for suggesting narrative scenarios that emerge naturally from a decision analytic framework. We identify key scenarios as those most important to the choices facing decision makers and find such cases with statistical analysis of datasets created by multiple runs of computer simulation models. The resulting scenarios can communicate quantitative judgments about uncertainty as well as support a well-defined decision process without many drawbacks of current approaches. We describe an application to long-term water planning in California. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Groves, DG; Lempert, RJ

A new analytic method for finding policy-relevant scenarios

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.11.006

Climate change adaptation is challenging in community planning because of the conflict between planners' scientific knowledge and residents' local knowledge. Focusing on the Bansong Pilbongoreum community in South Korea, we suggest a community-based adaption plan that uses local knowledge and builds consensus between local residents and planners by identifying problems and planning objectives. We applied this plan to our case study, using in-depth interviews, a community workshop, local knowledge, and scientific climate adaptation measures to identify the community's problems and develop a plan. Planners and residents must communicate so that planners can incorporate local knowledge into effective planning objectives for community adaptation.

Kim, D; Kang, JE

Building Consensus with Local Residents in Community-Based Adaptation Planning: The Case of Bansong Pilbongoreum Community in Busan, South Korea

Sustainability

https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041559

This paper argues that poverty assessments that use standard money-metric indicators of poverty overlook the welfare of communities highly vulnerable to weather-related extremes, and that an assessment of vulnerability to climate change should be an integral part of poverty assessment. Using Ghana as a case study, this paper evaluates to what extent the standard money-metric measures of poverty represent the welfare of those households vulnerable to weather-related extremes. In addition, the paper illustrates the importance of mainstreaming climate change into development strategies, highlights the importance of integrating vulnerability assessments and stresses the need for developing adaptation strategies for poverty alleviation. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dasgupta, A; Baschieri, A

VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN RURAL GHANA: MAINSTREAMING CLIMATE CHANGE IN POVERTY-REDUCTION STRATEGIES

Journal Of International Development

https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1666

This paper focuses on understanding the institutional determinants of adaptive capacity to illustrate emerging challenges and opportunities for climate adaptation in the context of urban pluvial flood risk management. The paper explores arid compares the formal-legal as well as the perceived roles and responsibilities of key actor groups in the context of adaptation to urban pluvial flooding in the Dutch city Arnhem. The concluding section questions the assumed power of formal-legal rules and institutions in motivating key stakeholders to take action. It poses that, in order to stimulate participation and collaboration in local climate adaptation, more attention should be paid to the informal institutional context, in particular to the perception of responsibilities.

Trell, EM; van Geet, MT

The Governance of Local Urban Climate Adaptation: Towards Participation, Collaboration and Shared Responsibilities

Planning Theory & Practice

https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2019.1629573

Resilience is already one of the most important analytical approaches to the study of socio-ecological problems. Forced migration for environmental reasons is one of the main consequences of global environmental change. Socio-ecological resilience identifies factors that would diminish the effects of environmental migration, especially concerning the governance of such issues. We will draw attention to the fact that recent waves of migration have made Central America a hotspot for environmentally induced displacement. In response, international aid geared towards climate change adaptation could reduce the displacement of the inhabitants of the Central American Dry Corridor. However, favored practices, such as Hass avocado cultivation, are controversial in terms of environmental sustainability.

Bolaños-Guerra, B; Calderón-Contreras, R

Challenges of Resilience to Reducing Environmentally Induced Migration from Central America

Revista De Estudios Sociales

https://doi.org/10.7440/res76.2021.02

As a nation rapidly progressing managed retreat legislation, we take a historical perspective to identify how the imaginary of retreat evolved in Aotearoa-New Zealand to become mainstream. Tracing the history along a layered reactive-passive-proactive timeline, we reveal how policy experiments and technical advocacy coalitions have advanced different imaginaries of retreat, creating new political spaces for change. We identify the importance of understanding retreat as less of a policy and more an attempt to unmake and remake space that has implications for justice and the permanence of land-use and property in an era of dynamic risks.

Hanna, C; Cretney, R; White, I

Re-Imagining Relationships with Space, Place, and Property: The Story of Mainstreaming Managed Retreats in Aotearoa-New Zealand

Planning Theory & Practice

https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2141845

Global drylands comprise over 40% of the earth's land surface, support millions of pastoralists and account for half of the world's livestock. Climate change and socio-economic drivers are rapidly altering dryland social-ecological systems, with the potential to increase vulnerability. This article describes forces of change in drylands and the social changes observed in pastoralist dryland systems, with a focus on Africa. The observed changes point to changes in values, social/gender relations, livelihoods and institutions, all fundamental elements of transformational adaptation. The paper concludes with a discussion of transformational adaptation research and its implications for policy.

Galvin, KA

Transformational adaptation in drylands

Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.03.003

Human migration plays a critical role in numerous contemporary environmental concerns including global climate change and environmental justice. This review characterizes the ways migration is critical to contemporary human-environment geography. We delineate four themes from the literature based on (a) how migration affects the environment; (b) how the environment and/or environmental events affect migration; (c) how migration produces uneven environmental benefits and burdens; and (d) how environmental displacement/dispossession produces migration and vice versa. We articulate five recommendations for a research agenda that integrates migration processes, recognizes migration as a heterogeneous process, and approaches human-environment interactions holistically and non-deterministically.

Jokisch, BD; Radel, C; Carte, L; Schmook, B

Migration matters: How migration is critical to contemporary human-environment geography

Geography Compass

https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12460

Planning theory scholars and practitioners have identified the need to include residents most affected by climate change in the development of climate adaptation planning, for reasons of justice and effectiveness. This article investigates whether Austin, Texas' network of plans includes participation by residents and incorporation of local knowledge into climate adaptation. This research finds that these plans contain limited material about participation, engagement, equity, and local knowledge. In response to this gap, the article presents a case study of the Dove Springs Climate Navigators, a residents-nongovernmental organization-municipal-university collaboration working to co-create an online portal, training system, and process to incorporate local knowledge into adaptation planning.

Lieberknecht, K

Leading with Local Knowledge: Climate Adaptation, Local Knowledge, and Participation in Austin, Texas' Network of Plans and the Co-Designed Climate Navigators' Tool and Process

Journal Of Planning Education And Research

https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X221144610

Over two-thirds of the Netherlands' economy and half its population is below sea level. The Dutch government recently set out far-reaching recommendations on how to keep the country flood-proof over the next century given the likelihood of rising sea levels and river flows. This paper explains the recommendations, which are based on a gradual upgrading of safety standards in the light of economic growth and group casualty risk, together with triggers provided by debates and data on climate change. It concludes that protection is feasible both technically and economically, costing up to (sic)3 billion a year and that the approach could be useful for other low-lying areas.

Stive, MJF; Fresco, LO; Kabat, P; Parmet, BWAH; Veerman, CP

How the Dutch plan to stay dry over the next century

Proceedings Of The Institution Of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering

https://doi.org/10.1680/cien.2011.164.3.114

This paper reviews the technical aspects of flood risk management in England and Wales, taking into account modern issues of climate change, environmental impact, a catchment-based approach and experience from other countries in managing the risk of flooding. It represents a summary of the work contained in a major commission report by the Institution of Civil Engineers and reaches a number of conclusions, particularly that there are serious inadequacies in representing the dynamic effects of land use change, catchment process and climatic variability in flood assessment. The paper emphasises the need for a more strategic approach and highlights the fact that the UK should embrace the river basin modelling approach with more confidence than in the past.

Fleming, G

Learning to live with rivers - the ICE's report to government

Proceedings Of The Institution Of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering

Climate-induced migration is one of the most hotly debated topics in the current discourse on global warming and its consequences. There is a burgeoning field in economics and other social sciences linking climatic factors or climate-related natural disasters to migration. Existent empirical studies use different measures to quantify migration flows and climatic factors and apply a variety of methodologies to disparate data sets and samples of countries. Our review article aims to provide a unifying perspective over this complex field by structuring the literature and summarizing the empirical findings. (JEL codes: F22, J11, J61, O13, O15, Q54, R23).

Berlemann, M; Steinhardt, MF

Climate Change, Natural Disasters, and Migration-a Survey of the Empirical Evidence

Cesifo Economic Studies

https://doi.org/10.1093/cesifo/ifx019

The international effort toward climate services, epitomised by the development of the Global Framework for Climate Services and, more recently the launch of Copernicus Climate Change Service has renewed interest in the users and the role they can play in shaping the services they will eventually use. Here we critically analyse the results of the five climate service prototypes that were developed as part of the EU funded project EUPORIAS. Starting from the experience acquired in each of the projects we attempt to distil a few key lessons which, we believe, will be relevant to the wider community of climate service developers. Crown Copyright (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Buontempo, C; Hanlon, HM; Soares, MB; Christel, I; Soubeyroux, JM; Viel, C; Calmanti, S; Bosi, L; Falloon, P; Palin, EJ; Vanvyve, E; Torralba, V; Gonzalez-Reviriego, N; Doblas-Reyes, F; Pope, ECD; Newton, P; Liggins, F

What have we learnt from EUPORIAS climate service prototypes?

Climate Services

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2017.06.003

This study systematically compares how new growth is directed to the urbanized area in the metropolitan regions of Seattle (USA), Vancouver (Canada), and Stuttgart (Germany). This study is based on a review of planning documents and qualitative interviews with planners at the local, county, regional, and state level. This paper focusses on how the state legislation for land use governance shapes the ability to direct growth to locations favorable from a climate perspective. State legislators, particularly, have a crucial role in drafting overarching rules that enable regional, county, and local decision-makers to work together on directing growth in metropolitan areas.

Heinen, D

Growth management for low-carbon development patterns - leverages in state planning enabling legislation

Urban Research & Practice

https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2020.1722736

The relationship between environment and migration has gained increased attention since the 1990s when the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projected climate change to become a major driver of human migration. Evaluations of this relationship include both quantitative and qualitative assessments, This review article introduces the concept of scale to environment-migration research as an important methodological issue for the reliability of conclusions drawn The review of case studies shows that scale issues are highly present in environment-migration research but rarely discussed. Several case studies base their results on data at very coarse resolutions that have undergone strong modifications and generalizations. We argue that scale-related shortcomings must he considered in all stages of environment-migration research,

Eklund, L; Romankiewicz, C; Brandt, M; Doevenspeck, M; Samimi, C

Data and methods in the environment-migration nexus: a scale perspective

Erde

https://doi.org/10.12854/erde-147-10

The present study employed the Heckman sample selection model to analyse the two- step process of adaptation to climate change, which initially requires farmers' perception that climate is changing prior to responding to changes through adaptation. Farmers' perception of climate change was significantly related to the age of the head of the household, wealth, knowledge of climate change, social capital and agro-ecological settings. Factors significantly affecting adaptation to climate change were: education of the head of the household, household size, whether the head of the household was male, whether livestock were owned, the use of extension services on crop and livestock production, the availability of credit and the environmental temperature.

Deressa, TT; Hassan, RM; Ringler, C

Perception of and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile basin of Ethiopia

Journal Of Agricultural Science

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859610000687

Migration is one response to climatic stress and shocks. In this article we review the recent literature across various disciplines on the effects of climate change on migration. We explore key features of the relationship between climate change and migration, distinguishing between fast-onset and slow-onset climatic events and examining the causes of heterogeneity in migratory responses to climate events. We also seek to shed light on the interactions between different types of adaptations to climate events as well as the mechanisms underlying the relationship between climate change and migration. Based on our review of the existing literature, we identify gaps in the literature and present some general policy recommendations and priorities for research on climate-induced migration.

Cattaneo, C; Beine, M; Fröhlich, CJ; Kniveton, D; Martinez-Zarzoso, I; Mastrorillo, M; Millock, K; Piguet, E; Schraven, B

Human Migration in the Era of Climate Change

Review Of Environmental Economics And Policy

https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/rez008

Climate change and variability have direct negative impacts on rural smallholder farmers. These impacts involve extreme climatic events such as excessive temperatures, prolonged droughts and floods which affect people's livelihoods. This study was conducted in Nkomazi Local Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa. The main objective of the study was to investigate indigenous weather and climate indicators used by smallholder farmers and the role of indigenous knowledge in their farming systems. The research used qualitative methods, including focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The findings indicated that farmers observed animal behaviour, plants, atmospheric indicators and human ailments to predict weather.

Ubisi, NR; Kolanisi, U; Jiri, O

The Role of Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Rural Smallholder Farmers' Response to Climate Change: Case Study of Nkomazi Local Municipality, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Journal Of Asian And African Studies

https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619874824

The conditions of climate change are increasingly shaping the modern era of international migration; yet the principles and norms that shape the international regime are struggling to keep pace with this reality. Because forced environmental migration is becoming more prominent, it is necessary to respond at the international level. Not only is it the ethical responsibility of the international community to recognize special mobility rights for environmentally displaced peoples, but further, these rights should be maximized with policy-oriented solutions that sacrifice neither feasibility nor ethical robustness. The mechanisms of dual, tiered, and deterritorialized citizenship are a way to bring special mobility rights for climate migrants into fruition.

Marshall, N

Toward Special Mobility Rights for Climate Migrants

Environmental Ethics

https://doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics201537328

There is growing recognition in the human dimensions research communuity that climate change impact studies must take into account the effects of other ongoing global changes. Yet there has been no systematic methodology to study climate change vulnerability in the context of multiple stressors. Using the example of Indian agriculture, this paper presents a methodology for investigating regional vulnerability to climate change in combination with other global stressors. This method, which relies on both vulnerability mapping and local-level case studies, may be used to assess differential vulnerability for any particular sector within a nation or region. and it can serve as a basis for targeting policy interventions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

O'Brien, K; Leichenko, R; Kelkar, U; Venema, H; Aandahl, G; Tompkins, H; Javed, A; Bhadwal, S; Barg, S; Nygaard, L; West, J

Mapping vulnerability to multiple stressors: climate change and globalization in India

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.01.001

This paper examines the impact of agriculture-related shocks on consumption patterns of rural farming households using 3 years of data from South Africa. We make two key observations. First, agriculture-related shocks reduce households' consumption. Second, natural resources and informal social capital somewhat counteract this reduction and sustain dietary requirements. In general, our findings suggest the promotion of informal social capital and natural resources as they are cheaper and more accessible coping strategies, in comparison to, for example, insurance, which remains unaffordable in most rural parts of sub-Saharan Africa. However, a lingering concern centres on the sustainability of these less conventional adaptation strategies.

Tibesigwa, B; Visser, M; Collinson, M; Twine, W

Investigating the sensitivity of household food security to agriculture-related shocks and the implication of social and natural capital

Sustainability Science

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-015-0332-6

This paper introduces a new method to up-scale dependent loss distributions from natural hazards to higher spatial levels, explicitly incorporating their dependency structure over the aggregation process. The method is applied for flood risk in Europe. Based on this hybrid convolution approach, flood loss distributions for nearly all European countries are calculated and presented. Such risk-based estimates of extreme event losses are useful for determining suitable risk management strategies on various spatial levels for different risk bearers. The method is not only applicable for natural disaster risk but can be extended for other cases as well, i.e., where comonotonic risks have to be summed up without loss of risk information.

Hochrainer-Stigler, S; Lugeri, N; Radziejewski, M

Up-scaling of impact dependent loss distributions: a hybrid convolution approach for flood risk in Europe

Natural Hazards

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0885-6

Cocoa production in Alto Beni, Bolivia, is a major source of income and is severely affected by climate change impacts and other stress factors. Resilient farming systems are, thus, important for local families. This study compares indicators for social-ecological resilience in 30 organic and 22 nonorganic cocoa farms of Alto Beni. Organic farms had a higher tree and crop diversity, higher yields and incomes, more social connectedness, and participated in more courses on cocoa cultivation. Resilience was enhanced by local farmers' organizations, providing organic certification and supporting diversified agroforestry with seedlings and extension, going beyond basic organic certification requirements.

Jacobi, J; Schneider, M; Mariscal, MP; Huber, S; Weidmann, S; Bottazzi, P; Rist, S

Farm Resilience in Organic and Nonorganic Cocoa Farming Systems in Alto Beni, Bolivia

Agroecology And Sustainable Food Systems

https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2015.1039158

Environmental changes, including both natural environmental disasters and the effects of anthropic climate change, are a reality that is likely to worsen in the coming decades if measures are not taken. Among its effects are the forced displacement of people to new habitats, which can cause conflict in host States. In the case of transboundary environmental displacement, current international law does not vet have a response that is simultaneously and jointly global, effective and coercive, to ensure the rights of the people affected. However, we are witnessing the progressive consolidation of a common global ethic that seems to be beginning to prevail over the lack of political will of some States.

Márquez, JJA

Environmental displaced: uncertainties and legal responses to a possible humanitarian conflict

Cuadernos Electronicos De Filosofia Del Derecho

https://doi.org/10.7203/CEFD.46.21389

This study focuses on the challenges posed by climate change in the pursuit of some of the broad aspirations of African Union Agenda 2063. This study assessed the impact of climate change on the movement towards sustainability by rural African societies using a case of rural districts in Zimbabwe. The study sought a rural African perception of climate change, trajectory of major climate indicators, common adaptation strategies and an assessment of climate change implications on sustainability in Africa and Agenda 2063. This study employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Results showed the absence and limited access to the other capital assets obscuring visibility of Agenda 2063 Aspiration 1 in the horizon.

Dube, N; Sithole, M; Ngwenya, T; Muhwati, T; Moyo, E; Manyanga, K

Impact of climate change on sustainability in semi-arid, rural Africa: Lessons from rural Zimbabwe

Cogent Social Sciences

https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2018.1553327

Providing climate information services to farmers is expected to optimise agricultural outputs amidst increasing climate uncertainty. Consequently, Indonesian governmental and extra-governmental actors provide climate services with the goal of improving productivity and increasing national food security. Existing research about climate-smart agriculture generally, and climate services in particular, presents these projects as largely technical or anti-political endeavours. Here, we analyse how rice farmers, collectively and individually, engage with climate services. We find that farmers 'play' with and between the climate service projects, manipulating them in order to subsidise their livelihoods and assert their individual and collective political power across scales.

Ariefiansyah, R; Webber, S

Creative farmers and climate service politics in Indonesian rice production

Journal Of Peasant Studies

https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2021.1873291

This special issue examines the impact of climate on agriculture as well as the economics of farmer adaptation in South-East Asia. An extensive survey was undertaken of small farmers in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. Ricardian studies were undertaken to measure the likely impact of climate change on these farmers. Adaptation studies were undertaken to measure how farmers would likely change their behavior (choices) as climate changed. Perceptions were asked to gauge farmer awareness of climate change and their plans to adapt. The overall study provides many useful analyses into the climate sensitivity of agriculture in the region as well as how farmers might adapt to climate changes.

Kurukulasuriya, P; Mendelsohn, R

IMPACTAND ADAPTATION OF SOUTH-EAST ASIAN FARMERS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: INTRODUCTION

Climate Change Economics

https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010007817030014

This paper explores how southeast Asia farmers adapt to climate change. We develop three models: a logit model of livestock choice, an OLS model of total livestock value, and a multinomial logit model of species choice. The data were collected from five countries in Southeast Asia. We find that climate has a significant impact on farmers' livestock choice. We use three climate projections to predict future impacts. Climate change would increase the probability of raising livestock. However, the total value of livestock owned per livestock farm will shrink 9%-10%. Climate change will cause farmers to choose smaller animals such as ducks, goats, and chicken rather than larger animals.

Ou, L; Mendelsohn, R

AN ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE ADAPTATION BY LIVESTOCK FARMERS IN THE ASIAN TROPICS

Climate Change Economics

https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010007817400012

To prepare for the impacts of climate change, many Asian cities aim to become climate resilient. This calls for innovative, integrative, inclusive, and transformative planning approaches. Although design is advocated as a means to develop such approaches, it remains unclear what a design-led planning approach actually entails. This paper explores the design-led planning approach of the 'Water as Leverage' (WaL) programme, and investigates how it unfolded in Semarang, Indonesia. We found that WaL was able to develop promising proposals by employing the potential of design. However, future design-led planning initiatives can benefit from more receptivity to local situations and initiatives.

Kempenaar, A; Laeni, N; van den Brink, M; Busscher, T; Ovink, H

'Water as Leverage': Design-Led Planning for Urban Climate Resilience

Planning Practice And Research

https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2022.2104322

This paper provides an analysis of adaptation to extreme climate changes using the Australian animal husbandry data. The paper finds that farmers have adapted to a hot and arid climate regime through animal husbandry. The number of sheep vastly increases into arid ecosystems while the number of beef cattle does not decline in high temperatures. In the future climate system in which Australia becomes hotter and more arid, we predict that farmers will increase by large percentages the numbers of beef cattle and/or sheep owned in order to adapt to a highly unfavorable climate condition, especially into the arid ecosystems. This paper shows how humanity has adapted to climate extremes taking into account changing ecosystems.

Seo, SN

Adapting to extreme climates: raising animals in hot and arid ecosystems in Australia

International Journal Of Biometeorology

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-014-0867-8

Adapting to climate change is among the biggest challenges humanity faces in the next century. An overwhelming focus of adaptation strategies to reduce climate change-related hazards has been on hard-engineering structures such as sea walls, irrigation infrastructure and dams. Closer attention to a broader spectrum of adaptation options is urgently needed. In particular, ecosystem-based adaptation approaches provide flexible, cost-effective and broadly applicable alternatives for buffering the impacts of climate change, while overcoming many drawbacks of hard infrastructure. As such, they are a critical tool at adaptation planners' disposal for tackling the threats that climate change poses to peoples' lives and livelihoods.

Jones, HP; Hole, DG; Zavaleta, ES

Harnessing nature to help people adapt to climate change

Nature Climate Change

https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE1463

Climate change poses significant challenges for the Canadian water sector. This paper discusses issues relating to the selection of proactive, planned adaptation measures for the near term (next decade), A set of selection criteria is offered, and these are used in three cases to illustrate how stakeholders can identify measures appropriate for the near term. Cases include municipal water supply in the Grand River basin, Ontario; irrigation in southern Alberta. and commercial navigation on the Great Lakes. In all three cases, it is possible to identify adaptations to climate change that also represent appropriate responses to existing conditions; these should be pursued first. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

de Loë, R; Kreutzwiser, R; Moraru, L

Adaptation options for the near term:: climate change and the Canadian water sector

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(00)00053-4

In this literature review, we analyze existing research on climate change and its impact on mental health and well-being, primarily among Pacific Islanders. To compensate for a lack of research in this area, we also address some of the projected mental health implications resulting from disasters linked to climate change, such as flooding, hurricanes, and cyclones. This broader scope enables the identification of areas where more research into mental health concerns related to climate change in the Pacific is needed. In closing, we provide recommendations for further research into the mental health and well-being of Pacific peoples and suggest ways to develop resilience to the effects of climate change.

Tiatia-Seath, J; Tupou, T; Fookes, I

Climate Change, Mental Health, and Well-Being for Pacific Peoples: A Literature Review

Contemporary Pacific

https://doi.org/10.1353/cp.2020.0035