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SMS technology turns twenty today. The messaging service is wildly popular among mobile phone subscribers worldwide, but it wasn’t always the go-to service for communication. The idea for SMS was conceived in 1984, but the service didn’t go live until 1992. It remained obscure until 1999, when it finally took off. The idea for SMS was originally conceived by Finnish engineer Matti Makkonen, who was meeting with two colleagues for pizza after a mobile telecom conference in 1984. The trio came up with the idea for a messaging system that would work over a GSM cellular network. It took eight years for the technology to go from a dinner table idea to a standard accepted by wireless carriers. On December 3, 1992, the first text message, containing the timely greeting “Merry Christmas,” was sent from Neil Papworth of the British company Sema Group to Vodafone’s Richard Jarvis. Papworth sent the message from his computer to Jarvis’ Orbitel 901 handset. In 1993, SMS service was deployed on a handful of wireless carriers in the US and Europe, but adoption of the technology was slow. Nokia was the only manufacturer to support user-generated SMS messaging on all its GSM phones, and the technology only worked within each carrier’s network. Customers on a carrier like early adopter Fleet Call (now Nextel) in the US could only send messages to other Fleet Call customers. This changed in 1999 when carriers decided to let subscribers send messages to customers on rival carriers. In the twenty-years since its debut, SMS has exploded. Today, customers send more than 7 trillion text messages every year at a rate of 200,000 per second. It is estimated that 79 percent of all mobile subscribers worldwide use SMS on their phones, and in some countries like the UK that number is almost 100 percent.

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Ludia Hong, Spencer Ezzell, Christian Lawler What is Dètente? - Ludia Leaders of Soviet Union and the United States agreed on reduction of hostility, calming the arms race and slow competition in developing countries. Didn't resolve problems between superpowers, but relaxed Cold War tensions and encouraged new spirit of cooperation. Era of Cooperation Health research, environmental protection, science and technology, space ventures, and cultural exchange programs REDUCED THREAT IN NUCLEAR WEAPONS U.s. defeat in vietnam President Nixon realized that U.S. role in Vietnam War was not wanted; pledged to end war in 1968 by turning war over to South Vietnamese (Vietnamization), which didn't lessen the problem, but made it worse. War extended into other countries and continued heavy bombing in North Vietnam. U.S. withdrew from conflict in January 1973 with Paris Peace Accord. Although U.S. presence left Vietnam, the war did not end. North Vietnam and NLF continued struggling to conquer South Vietnam and unite nation. Accomplished with military defeat of South in 1975 and unification in 1976. Soviet setback in Afghanistan - Christian Muslim Afghanistan part of the non-alignment movement until 1978 Official conflict began in 1979 and full Soviet Union withdrawal in 1989 PDPA was offended by the soviets and became paranoid implementing strong armed resistance throughout the country United States, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan, and China gave them money and weapons during this soviet struggle A negotiation between the Soviet Union and the U.N enabled a strong tie making the Afghanistan country safe from them The superpowers had lots of problems making them have destroyed a lot of their potential in military help Cold War countercultural protests - Spencer The citizens of the world all wanted to abolish the Cold War Systems This was proven true, as many movies came out of Hollywood that slandered the world's leaders showing them as brainless idiots who led the world to destruction European and American youth alike, formed a group that went to their universities and led massive demonstrations that promoted peace and the end of nuclear weapons In 1964, the University of California Berkeley formed the Free Speech Movement that allowed students free expression on campus. This allowed the students to talk about ending the war and how to gain peace throughout the world The youthful influences around the world eventually led to the new genre of music known as Rock n Roll Nixon was upset about information leaking regarding the bombings in Cambodia and ordered wire taps on reporter phone lines and members of his own staff The thieves were eventually caught but at that point Nixon could not do anything to save himself and he resigned for office in 1974.

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Dogs and their masters are sometimes separated for long periods of time due to illness, extended vacation or overseas deployment. When the master returns after a long absence the dog does remember her and often displays happiness and affection as a result of the reunion. The cause for such a reaction is the dog's ability to recognize his master's face in ways that other animals may not be able to. Scientists at Italy's University of Padua discovered that dogs use facial recognition to identify humans. The 2013 study used testing to show that dogs do not use just their sense of smell, hearing and the analysis of physical characteristics to find their master. Instead they look at faces to see who a person is, if they are familiar or unfamiliar and if they are the master they know and love. The dogs who were tested also had to choose between two humans with covered faces. They did not react the same way and displayed some disinterest toward their owners. Dogs may not be able to tell time or count the days that you are gone, but they are able to register periods of time spent alone either due to the lack of routine or your presence itself. Dogs do not have episodic memory, or the ability to know how and when you left. Instead they use a system of clues. Your dog is dependent on you for things like food, walks and general companionship. He knows you must be there for these things to happen and may look for clues as to when they will occur. Although dogs do not tell time the way humans do, they are able to predict occurrences perhaps based on internal indicators. For example, if you come home every day at 6 p.m. to your waiting puppy, he will begin to expect you home at that time and will predict your arrival by how hungry or sleepy or bored he is. Over time this skill can become quite accurate and in the case of your extended absence may be the main way your dog determines how long you've been gone. Given their concept of time, ability to make predictions and identify human faces, it is clear that dogs who've been apart from their masters for long absences are able to recognize them and react accordingly. The news is filled with stories of soldiers returning from battle to an overjoyed greeting at the airport not only from family or friends, but from their dogs. If you are not around, your dog knows things have changed and a certain level of comfort is lost. Your return also signifies a return to this comfort zone. The fact that dogs see the difference in faces makes it clear that dogs who have been separated from their masters for long periods can and do recognize them when they are finally reunited. - Thinkstock/Comstock/Getty Images

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|Definition||:||You + Tube| |Category||:||Computing » Internet| What does YouTube mean? YouTube is a free video-sharing website owned by Google. The name “YouTube” is said to be derived from “You” which means you (from the fact that the video came from you) and “Tube” means television (cathode ray tube).

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ASD is a developmental disability resulting from a neurological disorder that affects the brain and its functions. It affects an individual's ability to communicate and interact with others. Some of the most common characteristics include delay in language acquisitions, lack of social interaction, sensory impairments, lack of appropriate and spontaneous play, and behavioural excesses including aggressive behaviour and repetitive body movements. The combination of characteristics is unique to each individual. Pathways' autism services provide teaching in social, play, thinking, language, and self-developmental level. Pathways offers both Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) and Intensive Behaviour Intervention (IBI) programs, based on a client's individual needs. Parent/caregiver education and engagement is an integral part of the autism services program, and parents/caregivers are expected to take an active role in order to help meet the needs of their child. The School Support Program provides training and consultation for school board employees who work with learners with ASD. Referrals to the latter program are limited to educators. Pathways is responsible for autism intervention services in Frontenac and Lennox & Addington Counties. In Hastings and Prince Edwad counties, Counselling Services of Belleville and District is the partnering agency, while Lanark Community Programs is the partnering agency in Leeds and Grenville, and Lanark counties. These three agencies are committed to implementing the program in accordance with the policies of the Ministry of Children and Youth Services, and community input. The length of the ABA and IBI programs depends on each child's progress as determined through individual assessment. The attached pdf file outlines the necessary documentation to refer a child to the autism services program. For more information about individual autism services, please select a specific program from the drop down list. The PDF below contains the Request for Autism Service and the form can be completed online and submitted by clicking on the submit button at the end of the form or the form can be printed off by clicking on the print button at the end of the form.

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Video features Paul Wheatley, Pathology Manager at Nuffield Health Taunton and Exeter Hospitals. Around 44% of British adults have at least one allergy and it can seem like every child is allergic to one thing or another these days. The severity of symptoms ranges from mild itching to anaphylactic shock, a condition where swelling in your air passage cuts off the oxygen supply. These symptoms are caused by the sudden release of chemicals triggered by an interaction between antibodies (within the immune system) and antigens (toxins or other foreign substances) in your blood. While many of us know vaguely what we may be allergic to, most don’t know exactly what sets them off or how severe their reaction might be. Here's how to take control of your allergies: - Know the signs of allergies - Identify your allergies with a blood test - Use your results to improve your life A sudden sign that you might have a severe allergy often comes after a meal, particularly when you are trying a food for the first time. The interaction mechanism is so sensitive that minute quantities of the allergen can cause itching and swelling, usually around the face, neck and mouth. This can distinguish an allergy from an intolerance, which usually presents with gastrointestinal symptoms. Seasonal changes can also bring on allergic rhinitis (hay fever). Many people self-manage this with antihistamines, but on some occasions, will feel completely overwhelmed by their symptoms. This can occur when you're heavily exposed to allergens that your body reacts strongly against. The key to managing them is identifying your triggers. We use an advanced system that uses antigen-coated caps. If you have an allergy to a specific antigen, antibodies will seek it out and bind to it. A ‘positive’ allergy test will show raised levels of antibodies in the blood sample. This test is more comprehensive than a skin prick or scratch test. If you have a suspected allergy, the antigens in the cap will bind to the antibodies in your blood sample. This 'positive' result can be paired with your clinical history to better understand exactly what is causing your allergy and how severe your reaction may be. If your results come back negative, you'll prevent unnecessary avoidance of certain foods and activities. But if they come back positive, we’ll provide the information to your referring GP. In many cases, you’ll be encouraged to see a Specialist to help interpret the results. They’ll use the information to help you manage your lifestyle and limit the negative impacts of your allergies. Total avoidance may be necessary for some foods such as peanuts, fish and shellfish among others. Allergies to latex gloves can be managed by swapping with those made of vinyl or polythene. A patient who lives with a dog, carpets and near trees could finally understand which of the three causes their most severe reactions. Knowing you’re allergic to dust mites and not your dog may mean you change your carpets for hardwood floors and let the dog inside. Knowing the pollens that set off your allergies could mean you’re confident to go back to the park or open windows, but simply avoid certain trees and plants in spring and early summer. If managing an allergen is too difficult you may be prescribed stronger antihistamines or be referred for specialist immunotherapy treatment to try and build tolerance, for example for allergic rhinitis. How much does an allergy blood test cost? See our full list of tests here. Last updated Tuesday 9 April 2019

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After years of battling each other on trade issues, the United States and the European Union are contemplating a dramatic change in direction: joining together in what could be the world’s largest free trade agreement (FTA). The economic relationship between the two partners is indeed the biggest in the world: It accounts for about the half of the world’s GDP and almost a third of global trade flows. In late 2011, the failure of the so-called Doha round of global talks at the World Trade Organization (WTO), combined with the ongoing financial and economic crisis, led European and American leaders to look for new ways to stimulate growth. An EU-U.S. High-Level Working Group on Jobs and Growth was created with the aim of “identifying new ways of strengthening our economic relationship and developing the full potential” of the transatlantic partnership. Jointly chaired by the European Commissioner for Trade Karel de Gucht and U.S. Trade Representative Ron Kirk, its mandate includes the examination of existing barriers to trade and assessment of opportunities and ways to eliminate them. The High-Level Group published an Interim report in June 2012. A definitive report is expected by the end of the month: It will probably recommend a comprehensive and ambitious agreement at which point political leaders will decide to launch formal talks. According to the European Commissioner for Trade, such a pact would include tariff elimination; services liberalization; public procurement; regulatory cooperation; the establishment of rules in key areas like competition, trade facilitation, labor, the environment and intellectual property. Businesses and political leaders on both sides of the Atlantic are pushing hard for an agreement saying it would increase levels of trade, economic growth and jobs. Tariffs on goods traded between the two parties are already low, averaging 3 or 4 percent. But companies say that even a relatively small increase in the volume of trade could deliver major economic benefits. The media have also been joining the chorus of praise. EU-US Free Trade Deal offers painless stimulus for both, Bloomberg titled last June. The New York Times spoke of “a potential huge economic effect” in an article last November. As for the interim report of the joint High-Level Group, it concludes that “a comprehensive agreement is the option that has the greatest potential for supporting and promoting growth and competitiveness across the Atlantic.” The tone is set: There seem to be a general and unanimous consensus in favor of a comprehensive transatlantic free trade agreement. In the end, everything will, of course, depend on the will of the negotiators and the provisions in the agreement. It may be useful though, at this stage, to come back to a few issues that may be food for thought and that seem to us to be all too easily ignored or omitted by the staunch supporters of the deal. - There clearly is a one-sided way of presenting the case — political leaders, businesses, the media all speak of a big economic impact, huge benefits, increase in trade, job creation and growth. Those are the ones pushing hardest for an agreement. Trade unions, environmental organizations and consumer representatives are almost invisible. There is an absence of the general public for whom these matters are much too complicated. As a result, coverage is lopsidedly pro-“free-trade.” The fact is that at this stage no one can predict the actual results of an agreement. So, the bombastic talk appears to us to be at the least premature. - The idea of such an agreement is based on free trade as a universal solution. But free trade still has not demonstrated its usefulness or its efficiency. If anything, it has shown that it has the potential of creating a huge financial and economic crisis and the loss of thousands of jobs everywhere. Growth is about encouraging firms to produce more and consumers to spend more. But some experts have repeatedly warned against the unsustainability of such a development: Our planet simply cannot go on supporting this kind of approach. Sooner or later, we run the risk of running up against the wall if we persist in that direction. Yet, political leaders continue to hail free trade as a vital ingredient to economic recovery. - One of the rational for a transatlantic pact is its potential for growth and job creation. But a free trade agreement, through the elimination of barriers to trade, leads to increased liberalization and this means increased competition. This is why figures do not tell the whole story: Those likely to benefit from such an agreement are the strongest ones, the only ones that will be able to survive in a more competitive environment, with the weakest and smallest probably the hardest hit. Additionally, more trade means more exports – good for jobs creation – but also more imports – more likely to lead to job losses. This is exactly what happened with NAFTA: Although the North-American Free-Trade Agreement on the whole led to an increase in trade between the United States, Canada and Mexico, it resulted in job losses for the U.S. In other words, more trade does not necessarily mean more jobs. - Recent FTAs have all included the liberalization of financial services: This means that the European Union and the United States continue to liberalize trade and investment in a wide range of risky financial services as if the financial crisis never happened. Again, liberalization increases international competition and this increased competition results in a more risky behavior by the financial sector. Trade in derivatives, with their risky and speculative nature, has been shown to aggravate financial crises and even food price crises. Additionally, the fierce international competition makes banks increasingly focus on serving the most profitable clients whereas poorer clients are left with fewer, or no, possibilities. - Those deals are called free trade agreements but they really are preferential trade agreements. What it means is that products and services of the partner are favored over other’s countries products and services. This is not really free trade, it is discriminatory trade. They are the reason why the WTO was created in the first place: to have a level playing field for everyone. Any move to forge a bilateral deal between the two partners would be sure to upset smaller countries, who have demanded an “all or none” approach to global trade. A bilateral agreement between the two largest economies would probably look like the betrayal of the WTO-Doha round, more precisely called the Doha Development Agenda because it was supposed to make trade rules fairer for developing countries. Not only could the “world’s largest free trade agreement” be viewed as a signal that the WTO has become irrelevant, meaning the death of the WTO, it could also be seen as the rich ganging up and perpetuating discrimination against developing countries, thus widening the already far-too-wide gap between developed and developing nations. - Those bilateral agreements inherently increase the risk of competing standards in various parts of the world that will only complicate doing business in the future. In the case of the United States and the European Union though, given their weight on the global scene, “enhanced cooperation for the development of rules and principles on global issues of common concern,” as indicated in the interim report, is likely to make the whole exercise seem more like global governance than free trade. Instead, it would be fairer to redo the whole international system. Additionally, the danger is that any agreed standard in a transatlantic framework does not take into consideration the seismic international changes on the horizon, for example, the rise of China. Apart from these general considerations, there are a few contentious issues that are likely to make a free trade agreement between the EU and the U.S. particularly arduous to negotiate. Agriculture is probably the most problematic one. The U.S. Farm Bill and the EU Common Agricultural Policy have been blamed in the past for subsidizing exports, supporting farmers by a system of income support and for restricting market access for other countries. A famous dispute between the U.S. and the EU in this area arose over bananas: It stemmed from a set of tariffs imposed by the EU on imported bananas which encouraged imports from African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (i.e. developing countries) and discriminated against imports from other regions, including Latin America. Those hardest hit by the tariffs were not small Latin-American producers though but American companies active in the region, like Dole Food and Chiquita Brands International, which complained against the European tariff regime. Incidentally, the case also shows how smaller producers from developing countries very often are disadvantaged by so-called “free trade” because they cannot compete with large corporations. The greatest obstacles to transatlantic trade are not tariffs though but non-tariff barriers (i.e. technical specifications, differences in regulation). Unlike tariffs, non-tariff barriers cannot simply be removed because they often have a purpose, such as safeguarding human health, etc. For example, tensions over beef hormones arose from the EU’s decision to ban the use of all hormones in livestock production; and Washington maintains a 15-year old ban on EU-beef imports imposed because of American concerns about mad cow disease. This actually stems from two fundamentally different attitudes towards sanitary and phyto-sanitary issues. First, there is a trend towards stricter environmental regulations in the EU compared with the U.S. Second, Europeans are by and large more concerned with their health and what they eat. Hence the EU restrictions on U.S. genetically modified corn and soy products or U.S.-produced chicken washed in chlorine. Other sticking points include access to market for services which accounts for about 70 percent of both sides’ economies; EU concerns over Internet privacy and the flow of electronic data; intellectual property rights; and the lifting of restrictions on investment and bidding for public procurements contracts. Presently, the EU market is more open to U.S. firms than vice versa. These numerous contentious issues have the ability to threaten the potential success of any new initiatives for a comprehensive EU-U.S. trade agreement. In other words, things are far from being rosy, despite all the declarations by political leaders and businesses alike. And pretending that an EU-U.S. FTA has the capacity of solving the economic crisis is misleading. There is a little sentence in a recent speech by the European commissioner for trade that should draw our attention: “I believe we should convince people in Europe that a deepening of trade relations with the U.S. is to our benefit, despite the sacrifices any compromise entails.” We’d better be aware of what these sacrifices may mean. Print This Story

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The mining accident that happened in Copiapo, Chile in 2010 brought the entire region worldwide attention as the 33 miners miraculously survived what has been called "a cave-in" at the San Jose copper-gold min in the Atacama Desert. The men somehow survived for a record 69 days. When they emerged safe and mostly sound, rumors began to spread from their friends, families, coworkers, eyewitnesses to the rescue, and people there on vacation or otherwise passing through. First, United States government involvement. A U.S. drilling company was brought in to take the lead in drilling efforts, although this role has been somewhat minimized after the rescue. Upon rescue, most of the 33 miners were immediately quarantined and debriefed by black-suited U.S. agents of an unknown agency. Only 3 men were exempt from this initial debriefing because of extreme dental problems and required immediate dental surgery under general anesthesia. The official account states that the other miners were in general good health except for scratch, gouge, puncture and slash wounds resulting from the cave-in and attempts to dig out. U.S. defense contractors, heavily armed, discreetly guarded a mini-compound occupied by U.S. interests inside the tent city that sprang up around the mining site. Stranger is the fact that immediately after "Los 33" (the name given to the miners translating as "The 33"), a team of NASA scientists entered the tunnel system, escorted by armed defense contractors and what appeared to be a Special Forces team, eyewitnesses reported. A perimeter was then secured around the entrance as a fence was erected, preventing further visual observation. "What is NASA doing in Chile?" you might ask. Here is the official answer: NASA is conducting soil tests of the most arid desert in the world, the Atacama Desert, which also happens to harbor an extensive array of large cavern systems perfect for simulated Mars research. NASA has stated that the arid conditions and cave formations in the Atacama Desert are good matches for the terrain on Mars and has dispatched a team of scientists there to explore the regions caverns. It has also been reported that this team of scientists has security provided by defense contractors and Special Operations operatives. It is quite possible that this team of NASA scientists is the very team sighted entering the San Jose mine after Los 33 was rescued. But why? While NASA has publicly admitted to exploring the caves of the Atacama Desert to conduct "Martian research," there subterranean forays might have a classified mission attached to them as well. A defense contractor for security who wishes to remain anonymous to retain his or her position has stated that NASA is looking for alien life on our own planet. The life may or may not be indigenous to Earth, but certainly lives here, deep in major cavern systems, said the contractor. "For years NASA has had reports of 'reptoids' or 'reptilian humanoids.' Something happened and they decided to begin investigating. Why in the Atacama, I don't know." He or she continued, "But we found things. Remains of weird, shredded animals. Molted skin or something. And there was a brief firefight after one of our contractors went missing. The strange thing about his disappearance was all the blood, and then reading that he had been killed in Afghanistan four months later." NASA officially ended their Atacama exploration in 2010, perhaps with the events leading up to the Chilean mining disaster in mind. The friends of Los 33 tell a chilling tale that is far different from the official account provided by mainstream media outlets. Accoring to people close to Los 33, friends, family and some who simply overheard the stories circulating around, the incident was no simple "cave-in." This accounting has been pieced together from various conversations, emails and written letters… Apparently, while searching for the source of a vein of gold, one of the mining detachments blasted through a wall of rock and discovered an enormous natural cavern on the other side whose walls shined with over a dozen thick veins of gold and other precious metals. The detachment members were quite happy and some of the men broke protocol by charging into the room to pick-ax gold nuggets. Word spread quickly, "like bad air," someone said. Soon, dozens of miners were all over the cavern entrance, picking at the gold, making lots of noise and ignoring their jobs. As the detachment leader tried to wrangle the men back into the mine, a small group of men explored farther into the cavern. Soon, things quieted down a bit, as miners focused on picking at the gold veins. "Everyone was very happy," a miner's relative stated, "until they heard screams coming from across the cavern. Most of the miners were spooked and ran back into the mines except for the detachment leader who ordered men from his team to come with him to help the screaming men." By the time they got to the location of the screaming, it was too late. They found four or five men (it was hard to tell who was who and if all the parts were still there) in pools of splattered blood. "It was a gory mess," said someone. One of the detachment crew had gotten blood all over himself, having slipped on a puddle of it. He lost his wits, trying to wipe the blood and gore from his face with an fresh handerchief (later confiscated by NASA for DNA testing). As they tried to calm him down, the detachment heard hissing and crackling, like nails or claws making way across wet stone. The team called for help on their walky-talkies and immediately left the cave ("ran for their lives," in one email account). Having made their way through the blast hole, they realized that two of them were missing. More screams echoed from the cavern, these more bloodcurdling than the first set. The detachment leader made a decision as he saw "bloddy, walking lizards" coming for the blast hole. He ordered the hole blasted shut immediately and set three crews to work. In a frantic rush, they rigged explosives as the "reptoids" advanced, still chewing on the remains of the doomed miners who had ventured too far. One or two repotoids made it through the initial blast hole as crews rolled wire down the tunnel, so as not to be caught in the blast. Reptoids now in the mining tunnels began to kill anyone foolish enough to challenge them with hand-held, powered mining equipment. Finally, the explosives were ready and the detachment leader ordered the blast. The explosion resulted in a cave-in of sorts, sealing the original blast hole under tons of rock. However, an untold number of the reptilian fiends was loose in their tunnels. Most, they hoped, had been killed in the blast, but no one was certain how many, if any, were roaming. More screaming told them that at least one was still lurking. At this point, the miners believed there were about 44 survivors in the area. After fighting with the reptoid in the dark for a few hours of hide-and-seek (and having many more deaths), the remaining 33 took shelter in protected area built for cave-ins. The area also prevented the reptoid from entering. Here they remained in horror and shock for the next 17 days as more cave-ins happend around them, unsure whether they were caused by the reptoid(s) trying to dig in, out or from blast damage. Many of Los 33 have developed herpetophobia (fear of lizards, reptiles) since their ordeal. With the above account in mind, one might wonder about the true nature of NASA's ventures into the caverns of the Atacama Desert. Why bring heavily armed defense contractors and special operations forces on a scientific jaunt into the "underdark?" Perhaps it is because NASA and our government know something about "what's down there" than they are letting us in on. For decades, there have been reports of special operations teams (including British SAS) "exploring" caves around the world, specifically in Central and South America. Now NASA is involved. Could there be "alien" life, or at least unknown life, beneath our feet? For now, it seems that NASA is in some kind of confrontation with subterranean reptilian entities (SREs).

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An airplane or aeroplane (informally plane) is a powered, fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine or propeller. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectrum of uses for airplanes includes recreation, transportation of goods and people, military, and research. Commercial aviation is a massive industry involving the flying of tens of thousands of passengers daily on airliners. Most airplanes are flown by a pilot on board the aircraft, but some are designed to be remotely or computer-controlled. The Wright brothers invented and flew the first airplane in 1903, recognized as "the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight". They built on the works of George Cayley dating from 1799, when he set forth the concept of the modern airplane (and later built and flew models and successful passenger-carrying gliders). Between 1867 and 1896, the German pioneer of human aviation Otto Lilienthal also studied heavier-than-air flight. Following its limited use in World War I, aircraft technology continued to develop. Airplanes had a presence in all the major battles of World War II. The first jet aircraft was the German Heinkel He 178 in 1939. The first jet airliner, the de Havilland Comet, was introduced in 1952. The Boeing 707, the first widely successful commercial jet, was in commercial service for more than 50 years, from 1958 to at least 2013. The term aeroplane (equivalent to "airplane" in U.S. English) typically refers to any powered fixed-wing aircraft. Aeroplane may also refer to: The term airplane (equivalent to "aeroplane" in non-US English) typically refers to any powered fixed-wing aircraft. Airplane(s) may also refer to: In music, a reprise (/rəˈpriːz/ rə-PREEZ) is the repetition or reiteration of the opening material later in a composition as occurs in the recapitulation of sonata form, though—originally in the 18th century—was simply any repeated section, such as is indicated by beginning and ending repeat signs. Reprise can refer to a version of a song which is similar to, yet different from, the song on which it is based. One example could be "Time", the fourth song from Pink Floyd's 1973 album The Dark Side of the Moon, which contains a reprise of "Breathe", the second song of the same album. This is a glossary of terms used in fencing. Parries generally cover one of the 'lines' of the body. The simplest parries move the blade in a straight line. Other parries move the blade in a circular, semicircular, or diagonal manner. There are eight basic parries, and many derivatives of these eight. (see #Prime, #Seconde, #Tierce, #Quarte, #Quinte, #Sixte, #Septime, #Octave, #Neuvieme). See also #Lines.In foil, the opponent's blade should not only be deflected away from the target, but away from off-target areas as well. An attack that is deflected off the valid target but onto invalid target still retains right-of-way. In sabre, the opponent's blade need only be deflected away from valid target, since off-target touches do not stop the phrase. Sabre parries must be particularly clean and clear to avoid the possibility of whip-over touches. In épée, a good parry is simply any one that gains enough time for the riposte; opposition parries and prise-de-fer are commonly used, since they do not release the opponent's blade to allow a remise. <-- No such section yet. <-- No such section yet. Note that the vocabulary here is primarily a glossary of modern fencing terms. Over time, the teminology has evolved, and different terminology may be found in Medieval and Renaissance sources. In many cases, English, French, and Italian terminology may be used (often interchangeably) for the same thing. Reprise is a Norwegian film directed by Joachim Trier. Co-written over the course of five years with Eskil Vogt, it is Trier's first feature-length film. In 2006 it was the Norwegian candidate for the Academy Award for best foreign-language film. Two 23-year-olds, Erik and Phillip, dream of becoming successful writers. They idolize the reclusive writer Sten Egil Dahl (a character modelled on Tor Ulven). When they both try to get a manuscript published, Erik's is rejected. Phillip's, on the other hand, is accepted and he becomes a star of the Norwegian literary scene overnight. Phillip meets Kari, with whom he falls in love after inviting her on a trip to Paris. Six months later, Erik and his friends pick up Phillip at a psychiatric hospital to bring him home after a long treatment for his psychosis that was triggered by his obsessive love for Kari. Erik still hasn't given up his dream, but Phillip isn't able to write anymore, although his friend encourages him to make a new effort. Instead Phillip tries to get his ruined relationship with Kari to start from the beginning again by going to Paris again and imitating their first trip, but Philip realises he doesn't love Kari anymore and they go their separate ways.

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is a hormonal disorder that affects women of all races and nationalities. The syndrome gets its name from its original description of the small cysts on the ovaries that were found in the first women studied, though not all women who suffer from PCOS actually have noticeable ovarian cysts. All women produce some male hormones in their ovaries called testosterone. Women with PCOS produce too much testosterone in their ovaries. Testosterone is the cause of excess hair growth in the face and body, and the loss of hair on the scalp. Women with PCOS have few and irregular periods, and they may also have darkening and coarsening of the skin around the neck. They may also gain weight suddenly. Most often, symptoms first appear in adolescence, around the start of menstruation. However, some women do not develop symptoms until their early to mid-20's. Although PCOS presents early in life, it persists through and beyond the reproductive years. PCOS is estimated to affect between 5% and 10% of women of reproductive age, thus making it the most common hormonal disorder among women in this age group. There are a few other rare medical problems that present clinically similar to PCOS. These can be easily distinguished from PCOS by simple blood testing. PCOS can also be associated with insulin resistance -- a risk factor for diabetes. Luckily, this also can be diagnosed and managed successfully. The most important aspect of the management of PCOS is the early and correct diagnosis.

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Attention and compassion The following quote from The Long Road to Freedom by Nelson Mandela is about his vegetable garden. In his book, Mandela shows how giving attention and compassion works even when you are locked up on Robben Island for many years. ‘The Bible tells us that gardens preceded gardeners, but that was not the case at Pollsmoor, where I cultivated a garden that became one of my happiest diversions. It was my way of escaping from the monolithic concrete world that surrounded us. Within a few weeks of surveying all the empty space we had on the building’s roof and how it was bathed the whole day, I decided to start a garden and received permission to do so from the commanding officer. Each morning, I put on a straw hat and rough gloves and worked in the garden for two hours. Every Sunday, I would supply vegetables to the kitchen so that they could cook a special meal for the common-law prisoners. I also gave quite a lot of my harvest to the warders, who used to bring satchels to take away their fresh vegetables. A garden was one of the few things in prison that one could control. To plant a seed, watch it grow, to tend it and then harvest it, offered a simple but enduring satisfaction. The sense of being the custodian of this small patch of earth offered a taste of freedom. In some ways, I saw the garden as a metaphor for certain aspects of my life. A leader must also tend his garden; he, too, plants seeds, and then watches, cultivates, and harvests the results. Like the gardener, a leader must take responsibility for what he cultivates; he must mind his work, try to repel enemies, preserve what can be preserved, and eliminate what cannot succeed.’

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Fire, thunderstorms, hail and a deadly longshore current top the list of Michigan weather events on this day in history. From the National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center (SPC) archives here are the events that happened on August 27. 1896 - Fire broke out in a row of wooden buildings in Sault Ste. Marie, 20 buildings were destroyed. 1948 - A late season heat wave with eight straight days in the 90s at Grand Rapids is underway. Record highs are set at Lansing with 98°, Grand Rapids with 95° and Muskegon with 91°. Other records include Alpena with 94°, Detroit and Flint with 98°, and Sault Ste. Marie with 93°. 1960 - A 63 mph wind gust was observed out of a severe thunderstorm in the early evening 2.8 miles north of Marquette. 1965 - Thunderstorms in Wayne County brought winds of 73 mph at 7:00pm. 1977 - Only two days after setting a record low of 43°, the low temperature at Muskegon is a balmy 74°, a record warm low temperature for the date. 1990 - 2.75 inch hail (baseball sized) fell out of a severe thunderstorm 5.2 miles north of Manistique at 1700 EST. 2004 - Scattered showers and thunderstorms developed over Upper Michigan during the day on the 26th and continued overnight into the 27th. With the approach of a low pressure trough, some of the thunderstorms turned severe during the evening. In Marquette County, one storm dropped golf ball-sized hail just southeast of Harvey. Quarter sized hail (1 inch) was reported in Iron County 9 miles south of Crystal Falls as well as large branches broken off of trees. A weak tornado struck near Sherman City in Isabella County at 6:05 AM. A mobile home was slightly damaged but no one was injured. Click here for a radar loop of the storms on this day. The slideshow on the top has a few severe weather maps for the day. 2010 - An 18-year male Northern Michigan University student from Detroit, MI drowned at Picnic Rocks in Marquette in the evening. South winds gusting over 20 mph produced a strong longshore current which contributed to the drowning death and also caused two other swimmers to go into distress at the same time.

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Below is some code that has been deliberately broken so that you can fix it. The code is supposed to draw 10 triangles in random positions - Fix the syntax error Hint: A syntax error means the code has broken the rules of the language. Work upwards from the line number in the error message to see what’s wrong or what’s missing. - Define the missing constant to draw 10 shapes Hint: the constant is used on line 20 so it needs to be defined before that line - Call random_position properly so the triangles appear in random positions Hint: To call a procedure you need brackets after the procedure name On the next page you’ll get some ideas for projects where you can use procedures in your own projects Page 1: Intro Page 2: The theory: learn what you need to know as fast as possible. Page 3: Try it: try out and adapt some working python code snippets. Page 4: Debug it: Learn how to find and fix common mistakes. Page 5: Extend it: Choose a project idea to use your newfound python skills. Absolutely love your resources on programming and started using them today. Just wondering if there are solutions for the de-bugs on the programs here that pupils are supposed to de-bug. It will help me a lot so I can compare their answers with it. Thanks so much for your message. I haven’t written up the answers yet – I’m trying go get through the full set of 20 activities then the next job will be to publish a student workbook and set of answers. Sorry not to help yet. Hope you’re well

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Where is the pollution in your home ? Knowing that indoor air is up to 8 times more polluted than outdoor air and that we spend an average of 80% to 90% of our lives in closed spaces, it is important to know the sources of indoor pollution we are exposed to. Most often invisible, indoor air pollutants are numerous and can be easily hidden in each room of your house. With the help of the following diagram, you will be able to identify the pollutants and allergens that affect your health on a daily basis, and thus set up a suitable AIR ET SANTÉ air purification solution. AIR ET SANTÉ air purifiers are equipped with a high-performance medical filtration system that removes fine particles, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and allergens from the air in your home. By purifying the air, you reduce the risk of exposure to indoor pollution and preserve your health. carpet, rug, parquet The outdoor air impact our indoor's. 1. If you live in a polluted area, for instance the city center or next to a agricultural zone, your indoor air can be contaminated. 2. The existence of trees or plants surrounding your habitat can create pollens and have consequences on your health with you are either allergic or sensitive. Some equipments in you interior can generate pollution. 3. Furniture covered with varnish or chemicals can release VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) that pollute the interior of your home. 4. Air conditioning or VMC, if it is not well maintained or stuck, can prevent air from circulating or renewing itself. 5. A washing machine or a dryer can produce humidity. If they are places in a already humid or in a poorly ventilated room, they can create moisture that contaminates your indoor spaces. 6. The heating mode of a house can also impact negatively the indoor air pollution of your home. It is for instance the case with open fireplaces that generate fine particles as well as combustion devices like water-heater. Your daily activites have consequences on indoor air pollution. 7. DIY can be a risky activity, it produces dust and uses often dangerous products. 8. Cooking can create vapors and fumes that pollute your indoor space. 9. Cleaning your home can have negative impact on your indoor air since the cleaning products you use are often made with many chemicals that contaminate your air and have strong odors. 10. Scenting the indoor air with sprays, essential oils or candles has harmful consequences on the air. They emit VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) that contaminate the air in your home. 11. Smoking inside or by the window can have a negative direct impact on your health but also that of your loved ones. This is an important source of pollution. If you have respiratory allergies, the following elements can impact your health and your indoor air. 12. Having domestic animals. If you are allergic to cat's or dog's hairs, it can have strong consequences on your health. 13. Dust mites, present in your home, can also affect your breathing and your health if you are allergic. 14. Construction or decoration materials (paint, varnish, glue...) are often composed of numerous chemicals from which they emanate VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) that pollute the indoor air of homes. 15. Flooring also has an impact on indoor air pollution. If you have carpet, many rugs or parquet, these floors are more difficult to clean and can contain many dust mites and can contaminate your home. Know more about :

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Thomas Wyatt, "They Flee From Me" Set of Multiple-choice Questions Analyzing a Poem Sir Thomas Wyatt's sixteenth-century lyric "They flee from me" is an enigmatic poem that pleases at least partly because it provides no final certainty about the situation it describes. Yet the poem, while in some respects indefinite and puzzling, is nevertheless quite specific in its presentation of a situation, particularly in the second stanza, and it treats a recognizable human experience--that of having been forsaken by a lover--in an original and intriguing fashion. They flee from me, that sometime did me seek with naked foot stalking in jay chamber. I have seen them gentle, tame, and meek That now are wild, and do not remember (5) That sometime they put themself in danger To take bread at my hand: and now they range, Busily seeking with a continual change. Thanked be fortune it bath been otherwise Twenty times better, but once in special, (10) In thin array after a pleasant guise * When her loose gown from her shoulders did fall, And she me caught in her arms long and small, * Therewithal sweetly did me kiss, And softly said, 'Dear heart, how like you this?' (15) It was no dream: I lay broad waking. But all is turned thorough my gentleness Into a strange fashion of forsaking, And I have leave to go of her goodness, And she also to use newfangleness. (20) But since that I so kindly am served, I would fain know what she hath deserved. *manner or style The image developed in the first stanza is especially striking, with its suggestion of once tame and friendly animals who have reverted to wildness and will no longer risk the seemingly innocent taking of bread from the speaker's hand. This stanza establishes at once the theme... [continues] Cite This Essay (2000, 11). They Flee from Me. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 11, 2000, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/They-Flee-Me-29435.html "They Flee from Me" StudyMode.com. 11 2000. 11 2000 <http://www.studymode.com/essays/They-Flee-Me-29435.html>. "They Flee from Me." StudyMode.com. 11, 2000. Accessed 11, 2000. http://www.studymode.com/essays/They-Flee-Me-29435.html.

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Opinion: California’s San Onofre nuclear plant is a Chernobyl waiting to happen The San Onofre nuclear plant was permanently shut down in 2013 after a radioactive leak was discovered in a new steam generator. Humans will need to manage the plant’s nuclear waste for thousands of years. (Los Angeles Times) Nuclear accidents often aren’t surprises. Whistleblowers had warned of the dangers before such disasters occurred in 1986 in Chernobyl, Ukraine, and 25 years later in Fukushima, Japan. As one of the world’s wealthiest and most technologically advanced nations, the U.S. may be no better prepared. Many U.S. states have aging nuclear power plants brimming with four decades of self-heating, highly corrosive and toxic radioactive waste. Last month, the California Coastal Commission gave Southern California Edison permission to dismantle the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station and move its 3.55 million pounds of nuclear waste from wet to dry storage. Local activists cheered after the troubled San Onofre plant was permanently shut down in 2013 after a 75-gallon-a-day radioactive leak was discovered in a new steam generator. Closing it didn’t stop the threat. Now activists must wait until the plant’s nuclear waste is removed to a yet-to-be-built national nuclear waste repository or until the waste decays in several thousand years, whichever comes first. Last year, as a crane operator maneuvered to place a 50-ton cask of spent nuclear fuel into a storage vault, the massive cask got caught on an inch-thick steel guide ring and hung there for about an hour. Workers at the site were not prepared for such a dangerous complication. If the canister had fallen and leaked radioactive gas or liquids, the 18-foot plunge could have led to a panicked evacuation along the coast of California. Even with thoughtful planning, safeguarding people and the environment from a nuclear accident is a complex problem, affirmed a recent report by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. After Chernobyl, scientists employed by the nuclear industry asserted that the world’s worst nuclear accident killed only a couple dozen people. In an examination of more than 25 archives in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, I found that most of the official Chernobyl accounts are incomplete or misleading. Forty thousand people were hospitalized the summer after the accident from Chernobyl exposures, not the 300 Soviet officials claimed. The effect of the Chernobyl disaster on the region’s population is staggering. Radioactive contaminants migrated toward population centers in dust, water, airways and food. Thyroid disease, autoimmune disorders, anemia, and diseases of the circulation system, digestive tract and lungs increased year by year. Leukemia, pediatric thyroid cancer, and cancers of the mouth, throat and stomach followed. Belarusian and Ukrainian leaders begged the United Nations General Assembly for aid to move 200,000 more people from contaminated land, and for a long-term study on low doses of radiation on health. The aid never came. It didn’t help that other U.N. agencies, especially the International Atomic Energy Agency, asserted that increased health problems in Chernobyl-contaminated territories had nothing to do with nuclear fallout. To this day, the scientific community will say that little is known about the effects of chronic exposures to low doses of radioactivity on human health. Belarusian and Ukrainian farmers have been left to deal with the costs of the accident, not a now-defunct power company of a long-gone Soviet government. Southern California Edison shuttered the San Onofre plant, but the danger lives on. The nuclear waste storage facility sits on an erosion-prone bluff 2 feet above the mean high tide. Seismic activity often occurs, and four tsunamis hit the region between 1812 and 1930. Geologists say the potential for another tsunami is elevated in the area, which has 8.4 million people living within a 50-mile radius. The lack of preventive measures at San Onofre is disturbing. There is no procedure in place to remove the 50-ton casks of highly radioactive waste from their vaults in response to changing environmental conditions such as erosion or rising sea levels. There is no budget to inspect the spent fuel, nor funds to transfer radioactive waste from thin-walled to sturdier thick-walled casks. In the event of corrosion and loss of containment, there are no procedures in place to repair or slow the leak of radioactive contaminants. Humans will need to manage San Onofre’s nuclear waste for thousands of years. Scientists may be dubious about evidence of health problems from previous nuclear disasters, but the history of cigarette smoking and climate change illustrates how easy it is for industry advocates to generate doubt as a way to sidestep costs associated with controversial issues. Greg Jaczko, a former chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, recently changed his mind about the safety and feasibility of nuclear power after witnessing how lobbyists campaigned to undercut recommended safety regulation changes following the Fukushima accident, which is expected to cost more than $500 billion to clean up over the next four decades. Sadly, the International Commission for Radiological Protection no longer says, “it couldn’t happen here.” Instead, the group schools the public on how to deal with radioactive contaminants in their environment “as a key factor to control radiation exposure.” Instead of responding retroactively to more radioactive leaks at San Onofre — or worse, a full-scale disaster — industry and government officials should proceed with what regulators call “the precautionary principle.” It places the burden of proof of harm on industry and government agencies, not on those who will be injured. Since no insurance covers the full cost of a nuclear accident, taxpayers will be responsible for shouldering part or all of the cleanup and health-related costs. Storing spent nuclear fuel on the sites of shuttered nuclear power plants is foolhardy. Radioactive waste should be removed sooner than later from our ever-more vulnerable coastlines — and to prevent another nuclear accident at San Onofre. Kate Brown is a professor of science, technology and society at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her latest book is“Manual for Survival: A Chernobyl Guide to the Future.” This article was reproduced by Public Watchdogs under the Fair Use Provision of Section 107 of copyright law. We encourage you to link to the original article as it appeared in the LA Times here.

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Protecting watersheds in the Marcellus Shale region and forcing driller disclosure of fracking chemicals are the foremost demands of those concerned about potential environmental harm from natural gas activity. The focused attention leaves out potentially greater threats, said Conrad "Dan" Volz, Ph.D., director and principal investigator of University of Pittsburgh's Center for Healthy Environments and Communities. The region's air could face a so far undetected threat, he said. While a spill at a natural gas drilling site that contaminates water is catastrophic, air pollution can be a more insidious problem - one he said he feels is being overlooked. While environmental groups and citizens scour lists of chemicals added to hydraulic fracturing fluid used to break up the shale formation, the greater threat may come from toxins that come to the surface as flowback, said Mr. Volz. He said state air-monitoring stations tend to be located in urban areas, away from rural areas where much of the drilling would be taking place. He said the flowback is a slurry that can contain naturally-occurring benzene, strontium and arsenic. The flowback is often stored in uncovered fracking ponds where volatile organic compounds evaporate into the air. Condenser stations, wells and pipelines also discharge VOCs. VOCs, both manmade and naturally occurring, are emitted into the air by certain liquids and solids. Some can adversely affect health in cases of chronic exposure, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. VOCs emitted by a single well pad may not be that significant, and Dr. Volz said there's debate over the risk to air quality and health. But as drilling intensifies, however, air quality will become an issue, he said. Dr. Volz delivered his comments at a rollout of his group's Marcellus Shale website, www.fractracker.org, to a group of stakeholders that included economic development officials, environmental groups and academics in Danville on Thursday. He hopes Fractracker.org will help inform policymakers on issues such as where to place permanent air-monitoring stations. Compounding air quality unknowns is the lack of state Department of Environmental Protection air-monitoring stations in many parts of the Marcellus Shale region. The stations tend to be in urban areas with historically high industrial activity. Stations are in Swiftwater, Peckville, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre and Nanticoke. None are in Wayne, Wyoming, Susquehanna or Bradford counties, where drilling activity is more common. The DEP has a mobile air-quality lab collecting data around natural gas activity. The data has not been released, said DEP spokesman Mark Carmon. But Mr Carmon said it can provide a snapshot of the impact of natural gas activity on air quality. Chris Tucker, spokesman for Energy In Depth, an oil and gas producers' association, said open fracking pits are increasingly being replaced by closed loop systems such as one being used by Anadarko Petroleum Corp., reducing the release of VOCs. He also said that unlike natural gas in Southwestern Pennsylvania, natural gas coming from the Northeast is so- called "dry gas," nearly pure methane, with fewer condensates and VOCs. University of Scranton chemistry professor Michael C. Cann said thousands of different chemicals come out of the earth in fracking fluid, but without research or testing, it's hard to assess the impact of the process. "Certainly there are dangerous, naturally-occurring volatile organic compounds, but without research and testing, there's no way to know the risk," Dr. Cann said. Contact the writer: [email protected]

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Recently, I was reading a Jack Reacher novel and I noticed how many times in a conversation he would answer with silence. It was powerful. Often the other person would offer more information or would quickly get the answer he or she needed in the silence that met the question. According to Carolyn Ellis, “When used with intention and purpose, silence is a communication superpower.” For some people, silence comes naturally. These fortunate individuals know the power of silence and they are comfortable in that silence. There are quite a few of us who need to learn the art of practicing silence. Read on for more reasons to try silence in your daily communications. 1. Silence gets people’s attention If you have ever been in a classroom or in a group situation you have most likely experienced how silence often gets everyone’s attention. If the teacher or presenter is talking away the listeners’ minds might start to wander. When the speaker stops talking a signal goes to the brain that something has happened. All of the sudden you pay attention to try and figure out why communication has stopped. The same is true in our daily conversations. If we are silent, people take note and we gain their attention. 2. Silence can be an obvious answer Sometimes when we communicate we say too much. We over-explain. If a question is met with silence, there is often an answer in that silence. We can also soften the blow of a negative answer by silence being the response. There is an implied “no” without any harsh words or too many words that might do more harm than good. Another example is when someone says something we don’t agree with or find offensive. If we are silent, we send a powerful message that communicates that we don’t agree or are not going along with what someone is saying. 3. Silence uses nonverbal language Often our nonverbal language is a more powerful way of communicating than our verbal language. According to HelpGuide.org, “It’s important to recognize, though, that it’s our nonverbal communication – our facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture, and ton of voice – that speaks the loudest. The ability to understand and use nonverbal communication, or body language, is a powerful tool that can help you connect with others, express what you really mean, and build better relationships.” 4. Silence offers empathy to others There are times in life where silence offers empathy and understanding to others. Sometimes we don’t have the right words to communicate to someone who is struggling with a hurtful or sorrowful situation. We can show someone we care and we are there for them without using a plethora of words. We can offer comfort by our calming silence. 5. Silence is polite We live in a society where we are constantly being barraged by noise and messages. From radio broadcasts, news channels, music in elevators, stores, and most businesses, to the rings of our phones, to the constant chatter of people around us. We often feel with so much going on we don’t have enough time to communicate what we need to communicate. We are fighting with so many other sources of noise. When we do get the chance to talk we usually feel like we have to cram every thought into a short span of time. However, when we are silent we give others a chance to speak. We show them that they matter. In conclusion, we can be effective communicators by utilizing our ability to be silent. There is great strength in silence. Now, we just need to keep practicing. Like the old adages go practice makes perfect and silence is golden. Featured photo credit: Untitled/Ken Walton via flickr.com

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We Understand Generation Z We know they are: - Tech Savvy They are living online, surrounded by five screens. YouTube is king, and the new preference for social media is anonymity. It may be no surprise that this generation has an attention span of 8 seconds. As a post-9/11 generation, Gen Z feels the world is less secure than it used to be, but that’s led to resourcefulness. They are career-driven and entrepreneurial, challenging traditional school with hackschooling1 or non-paid internships for hands-on experience. - Spiritual, not Religious Gen Z is the first post-Christian generation in U.S. history. They lack biblical literacy and prefer to be identified as spiritual, not religious, with a desire for a faith that is socially relevant, integrating cultural issues and the cosmos. - Diverse and Inclusive They are growing up in multigenerational homes and diverse classrooms. Gen Z is inclusive, collaborative and values equal opportunities. Their neighborhoods are diverse and include the stranger, the immigrant and the refugee. - Money to Spend, Money to Give Gen Z has $44 billion a year in spending power, preferring to shop online. But they aren’t just buying trendy shoes. Twenty-six percent have raised money for a cause, 32 percent have donated their own money, and 26 percent of 16- to 19-year-olds volunteer on a regular basis.

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CC-MAIN-2023-40

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RIGA, Latvia — Poverty in Latvia is the result of a legacy of trauma, and lack of treatment following the country’s long history of political violence, oppression and exposure to war. In 1990 the population of Latvia peaked at 2.6 million with the collapse of the Soviet Union. With free international movement possible for the first time, mass emigration was the beginning of increasing poverty in Latvia. The relative instability of the transition from communism to capitalism brought with it a mass exodus of educated Latvians from the country and large groups of men turning to alcohol, risky behaviors and suicide. With an average annual income of USD$14,600, many factories are empty and there are few highly-skilled workers. Many children have been left behind by their parents. Latvia joined the E.U. in 2004 with the intention of aiding its transition to sustainable capitalism. The 2008 global financial crisis hit the Latvian economy hard, and cut GDP by 18 percent. Coupled with record emigration, Latvia has high incidence of suicide, and 80 percent of these deaths are men. Latvia with a highly imbalanced population and a small workforce. Latvia has experienced a massive drop in its birth rate and the population is declining. In February 2016, 1,692 children were born and 2,463 people died. Emigration has risen to 40,000 people per year, and the population is predicted to drop from 1.9 million today to 1.3 million by 2030. The group that has endured the transition is educated single mothers who choose to remain single, work and care for their children. With so few people working and unemployment rates so high poverty in Latvia is a pressing concern for government officials. The Latvian Government is offering incentives for expatriates to return to Latvia like student loan programs and jobs in civil services. So far this has not lured any Latvians in the U.K., Ireland and Germany to come home. Psychology research in Latvia indicates a link between poverty and the country’s complex history of oppression. Prior to independence, there was no acknowledgment of trauma or stress related disorders, and research into PTSD and other disorders was not available until 2008. Additionally, it is documented that psychiatry in the Soviet Union was employed as an oppressive measure to persecute people who opposed the Soviet regime. Two large-scale studies on the long-term impact of political oppression and long-term displacement conducted in Latvia by Vidner and Nucho indicated long-term trauma from persecution and restrictions, and health and mental health issues related to political violence. Today, 50 percent of Latvians reported flashbacks and 33 percent reported nightmares. Studies show higher rates of violence against children and alcohol abuse among adults in rural Latvia. A 2014 study based on a group comprised of 10,696 adults from both Latvia and Lithuania examined the impact of childhood struggles on young people aged 18-25. This study revealed that 50 percent of youth faced traumatic experiences as children, which served as predictors for significant mental health problems in adulthood. Given the dates of these studies, these could be the same children now fleeing their country for a different life, never having been treated for what happened in their youth. It is essential that future research in the Baltic region focuses on trauma to develop practices for targeted treatments. In a nation that is still transitioning from a period of authoritarian government to economic independence, it is vital that Latvia’s government seeks to understand the issues driving its people into poverty or out of the country. – Addison Grace Evans

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He was a leading maritime explorer of Australia. He named the continent and produced the most accurate early atlas of the geography Matthew Flinders, the first person to circumnavigate (sail around) Australia, also gave the country its name. There are monuments to him throughout several Australian cities, as well as to his cat, Trim – the first feline to circumnavigate the continent.1 The oldest of seven children, Matthew Flinders was born March 16, 1774 at Donington, Lincolnshire, England. He received a good education because it was thought he would become a surgeon like his father and grandfather. However, after reading the book Robinson Crusoe, Flinders developed a passion for seafaring.2 His first opportunity for adventure came in 1791 when he joined the crew of HMS Providence on a voyage to modern day Tahiti where they stayed for three months. While aboard the ship, he gained knowledge of navigation, tracking star patterns, using tools like the compass, and he took lessons from Bligh on chart construction.3 It was his journey on the Reliance, however, that would give Flinders a chance to make history. In 1794, under the sail of Captain Henry Waterhouse, the Reliance embarked to Terra Australis Incognita, Latin for “the unknown southern land” – the earliest name for what we now call Australia. At one time, this land was referred to as New Holland, first applied by Dutch seafarer Abel Tasman.4 And while there were small territories under British control, much of the region was still unexplored. After arriving on the continent, expeditions were taken to survey coastal areas in search of harbors, rivers, and safe anchorages for ships. They also went into inland regions along rivers and across the mountains. They explored areas like the New South Wales coast, Port Jackson, and Botany Bay, and went inland on the George’s River on the small boat Tom Thumb.5 Flinders mapped much of the geography during these trips between October 1798 and January 1799. With his friend George Bass, they successfully became the first sailors to sail all the way around Van Diem’s Land (modern day Tasmania) in 1798 aboard the Norfolk. They proved that Van Diem’s Land was not part of the mainland, but was its own island. In March 1800, Flinders and the Reliance set sail to return to England. They arrived back in Plymouth on August 27, 1800. Flinders had been away from home for five and a half years, but his journey to Terra Australis Incognita was just beginning. After only being home eleven days, Flinders gained information on a plan to further explore Terra Australis. He wrote a letter requesting support for a voyage to perform a circumnavigation of Australia.6 He was chosen as commander, and began his journey in January 1801 aboard his ship, the Investigator. He reached Terra Australis in December and started surveying and charting the continent. During his journey, he explored several places including Spencer’s Gulf, Kangaroo Island, Timor, Java, and Port Jackson – present day Sydney. He arrived back in Sydney in 1803, becoming the first man to circle the entire Australian continent. Unfortunately, the Investigator’s wood began to rot beyond repair, so Flinders decided to return back to England only two years into his expedition. His new ship Porpoise ran aground on a reef off the coast of Queensland. He got a new ship called the Cumberland. When his ship began to leak, he was forced to dock in Ile de France [Mauritius]. By this time, war had broken out between France and England, and Flinders, being thought a spy, was detained for 6 years. During his imprisonment, he worked on his papers and charts. He was released in 1810, and allowed to return to England. Later Years and Death Matthew Flinders returned to England on October 23, 1810. He was received with honours and a promotion to post-captain. Sadly, his health had began to fail due to his time in captivity. He spent the next four years writing down his findings, and ultimately completed his great work A Voyage to Terra Australis. He died on July 19, 1814, the day after his book was published. In his popular book Flinders was the first to use the name ‘Australia’ consistently, and as a result the name was gradually adopted. Leader of the first circumnavigation of Australia, Matthew Flinders mapped an entire continent and gave it its name. His passion for the sea lead him to a life dedicated to discovery. His journals, maps, atlas and countless drawings were essential documents that contributed to the development of Australia. He is honored throughout Australian states with statues praising his accomplishment of, literally, putting Australia on the map. - Tim Flannery, Introduction to Terra Australis: Text Classics, Matthew Flinders’ Great Adventures in the Circumnavigation of Australia, by Matthew Flinders (Melbourne: Text Publishing, 2000), vii. - Kenneth Morgan, Matthew Flinders, Maritime Explorer of Australia (New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016), 5. - Morgan, Matthew Flinders, 11. - Ab Hoving and Cor Emke, The Ships of Abel Tasman (The Netherlands: Uitgeverij Verloren, 2000), 23. - Morgan, Matthew Flinders, 23. - Morgan, Matthew Flinders, 46 – 47. Flannery, Tim. Introduction to Terra Australis: Text Classics, Matthew Flinders’ Great Adventures in the Circumnavigation of Australia, by Matthew Flinders, vii. Melbourne: Text Publishing, 2000. Hoving, Ab and Cor Emke. The Ships of Abel Tasman. The Netherlands: Uitgeverij Verloren, 2000. Morgan, Kenneth Matthew Flinders, Maritime Explorer of Australia. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.

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a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. “the ruling oligarchy of military men around the president” a country governed by an oligarchy. “the English aristocratic oligarchy of the 19th century” government by oligarchy. In September 2014, Princeton University and Northwestern professors, Martin Gilens and Benjamin I. Page, published their results of a study regarding what influence on public policy different classes of citizens in the US actually have. This article, “Testing Theories of American Politics: Elites, Interest Groups, and Average Citizens”, provides insight into what actually is going on in American politics and why both parties are actually controlled by the elite class. “The central point that emerges from our research is that economic elites and organized groups representing business interests have substantial independent impacts on U.S. government policy, while mass-based interest groups and average citizens have little or no independent influence.” https://scholar.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/mgilens/files/gilens_and_page_2014_-testing_theories_of_american_politics.doc.pdf The article illustrates how the percentage of ordinary citizens (or mass special interest groups as opposed to elite special interest groups) who support a policy has absolutely no effect in whether or not that policy is adopted in Washington. However, the elite and powerful’s influence is directly porportional to whether or not the policy is adopted. If the majority of the public is for a policy or against the policy, it has approximately 30% chance of getting passed. this is true regardless of whether public support for the policy is 10% or 90%. One would assume that if 90% of your constituants were for policy, it would have a 90% chance of being adopted- but you would be wrong. However, if you are a special interest or member of the elite ruling class (top 1%), then your policy has a much better chance of being adopted, irregardless of how popular that policy is with the general voter. The article examines four theories: Economic-Elite Domination, Biased Pluralism, Majoritarian Electoral Democracy, and Majoritarian Pluralism.However, the article focuses on the Economic-Elite Pluralism and Majoritarian Electoral Democracy as those two theories had the most evidence. They concluded that: “In the United States, our findings indicate, the majority does not rule—at least not in the causal sense of actually determining policy outcomes. When a majority of citizens disagrees with economic elites and/or with organized interests, they generally lose. Moreover … even when fairly large majorities of Americans favor policy change, they generally do not get it.” After this study was published, many reports emerged that America was actually an Oligarchy, not a Reblublic or Democratic Society. However, I do not think it got the attention it would have if it had come out a few months ago. With the 2016 Election being taken over by the elite of both parties, it is becoming very obvious that the “will of the people” only is considered correct if the elite class agrees with the “people”. Both parties are disappointed with the people’s choice for President. The Democrats are bringing in the Super delegates and the Republicans are spending MILLIONS of dollars in florida and Ohio on attack ads on their FRONTRUNNER just because he does not agree with their way of thinking. It does not matter that in some states voter tunout was up over 100%, does not matter he is bringing in Democrats and Independents to the party which was so desperately needed, does not matter he is overwhelmingly the choice of the majority of the voters thus far in the electoral primary process. Primaries today in Michigan and Mississippi will let us know if the TrumpTrain is slowing down and how many in Michigan are “Feelin the Bern”. It will be interesting to see the results and how each party reacts to the results. I wish the networks were not allowed to put the Superdelegate count in with the delegates gained so far. I feel this is manipulation of data at it’s finest and deceiving to voters who feel their vote won’t make a difference. The reality is the count is so much closer than the media wants the public to believe.

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Nature of the work A dermatologist is trained to diagnose and treat pediatric and adult patients with disorders of the skin, mouth, external genitalia, hair, and nails, as well as a number of sexually transmitted diseases. The dermatologist has had additional training and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of skin cancers, melanomas, moles, and other tumors of the skin, the management of contact dermatitis and other allergic and non-allergic skin disorders, and in the recognition of the skin manifestations of systemic (including internal malignancy) and infectious diseases. Dermatologists have special training in dermatopathology and in the surgical techniques used in dermatology. They also have expertise in the management of cosmetic disorders of the skin such as hair loss and scars and the skin changes associated with aging. Dermatologists can receive training in the following subspecialties: Dermatopathology - diagnoses and monitors diseases of the skin including infectious, immunologic, degenerative, and neoplastic diseases.Pediatric Dermatology - treats of specific skin disease categories with emphasis on those diseases which predominate in infants, children, and adolescents.Procedural Dermatology - concerned with the study, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of diseases of the skin and adjacent mucous membranes, cutaneous appendages, hair, nails, and subcutaneous tissue. The residency training for dermatologists is three to four years. The three year program must be preceded by a year of broad-based clinical training (PGY-1). Practice in a dermatology subspecialty requires one additional year of training. The annual salary for dermatologists ranges from $313,100 to $480,088.

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CC-MAIN-2014-35

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Rudra and Shuddhi were asked to serve breakfast to Grandma. The kids set up a perfect plate of hot Ragi Idlis for their dear Grandma. Just when they went to call Grandma for breakfast, the Ragi Idlis went missing! Where did the idlis go? Find out yourself Our Baby Food Adventure Children's Story Books Aims at Teaching the Nutritional Values our Indian Foods have while creating fun memories & experiences through stories, cartoons, etc. - to make them begin to love & respect our traditional foods, just like we did. Our Food Adventure Stories Aims at Teaching Young Children: About Traditional Indian Foods: Food Stories about delicious and ancient foods like Ragi Idli's, Poori, Khichdi, Rasam, Kaadha/Kashayam, etc. make them curious to enjoy them when made at home. Engages Kids with enthusiasm in all activities related to cooking, chopping, cutting, serving food, etc. To explore new foods when they hear about the exciting conversations told in the stories in our Children's Books. Prevents and reverses picky eating habits when these short story for kids creates fun memories and experiences of food early on Food Vocabulary to help them describe their perspective on food and Thick Laminated sheets with Board Cover Books which makes them non-tearable books for kids and toddlers - No. of Pages: 16 Pages - Hard Case Book, Laminated Thick Sheets suitable for baby & toddlers - Not Easy to Tear

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Autism Spectrum Disorders & Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children, Adolescents & Teens: Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have an increased risk of experiencing an anxiety disorder and/or a diagnosis of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Therefore, at Spectrum Connections Therapy, I specialize in treating the behaviors that show up with ASD and OCD together or alone. https://spectrumconnecttherapy.com/my-specialties/ What is OCD? First, let’s break down first what Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) really is. - Obsessions are persistently recurring thoughts, impulses, or images that are intrusive, inappropriate, and distressing. - Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform to reduce distress or prevent a feared outcome. - To receive a diagnosis of OCD, an individual’s experience of their obsessions and/or compulsions will cause significant distress, will be time-consuming (>1hr/day), and/or cause significant interference in daily functioning. Therefore the cycle of OCD looks like this: - The individual will experience a thought (obsession) - This thought will lead to significant distress - The individual engages in a ritual (behavior) - As a result, the individual feels relieved and safe again. - Most importantly, due to the distressing thoughts and feelings being relieved by the behavior, the pattern is likely going to repeat itself and more often. Some common obsessions include: - Fear of dirt, germs, getting sick, or serious illness - Fear for own safety or safety of parents - Excessive doubt - Fear of making a mistake - Feeling of “not just rightness” - Sense of dread - Losing control - Harming self or others - There are many others! Some common OCD Compulsions include: - Cognitive or “thinking” rituals - There are many others! - Essentially, any behavior that serves to decrease the distress from the obsession can be considered a ritualized behavior and compulsion. Childhood OCD can significantly impact the family… OCD behaviors can lead to significant interference in a child’s and family’s life. As a result, parents will become locked into their child’s OCD and anxiety symptoms, because naturally, a parent’s first instinct is to reassure and help their child avoid the causes of anxiety and OCD. However, this reassurance and avoidance cycle can strengthen the power that OCD and anxiety have over the child and family life. This will lead to increasing challenges and symptoms over time. Parents find themselves having to spend an enormous amount of energy trying to stay ahead of any OCD symptoms or to help prevent their child from becoming anxious. Lastly, parents and families may find that their daily routine is greatly impacted and that their world becomes smaller as they manage their child’s OCD and anxiety. Spectrum Connections Family-Focused Treatment to Break the OCD Cycle… The gold standard treatment for OCD is called Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) because ERP involves facing the feared situations and preventing the individual from engaging in a ritualized behavior to feel safer. This is done in a step-by-step fashion using a hierarchy of the feared situations, difficult thoughts, and feelings. At Spectrum Connections Therapy, I use a parent coaching and family systems approach in treatment which is crucial to reducing OCD symptoms with ERP treatment. Research studies show that ERP will have the best treatment success among those with High Functioning ASD who also experience OCD. While ERP can be hard, I am with you every step of the way to ensure success in fighting back against the “OCD Monster”. When using ERP with children and families it is important to tap into motivation! Unpacking motivation to help defeat “the OCD bully” is an important step in the treatment process. As well, at the beginning of treatment, we will spend some time as a team understanding how OCD has interfered in your child’s and family life. This process can also increase motivation to work on defeating OCD. In a nutshell, Exposure and Response Prevention for children with a co-morbid diagnosis of OCD and ASD is a highly effective treatment that can create meaningful change in your child’s and family’s life. Please reach out for a FREE 30-minute phone consultation if you would like to hear more about how I can be of support to your child and family. Please check the International OCD Foundation out for more information on OCD: https://iocdf.org/

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Education institutions are not only centres of knowledge but also nurturing spaces that prioritize comfort and well-being for students and staff alike. Behind the scenes, commercial boilers play a crucial role in creating a warm and conducive learning environment. In this blog, we delve into the significance of commercial boilers in educational institutions, highlighting their ability to provide reliable heating solutions and ensure optimal conditions for effective learning Commercial boilers are at the heart of heating systems in education institutions, efficiently distributing warmth throughout classrooms, offices, libraries, and other key areas. These boilers, often powered by natural gas or oil, generate hot water or steam, which is then circulated through radiators, underfloor heating, or air handlers, maintaining comfortable temperatures even during chilly winter months. Hot Water Supply: Beyond space heating, commercial boilers supply ample hot water for various purposes within education institutions. From bathrooms and shower facilities to kitchens and cafeterias, the consistent availability of hot water is essential for hygiene, cleanliness, and student well-being. Commercial boilers ensure a steady flow of hot water, meeting the diverse demands of students, staff, and other facilities within the institution. Sustainable Heating Solutions: As education institutions increasingly prioritize sustainability, commercial boilers offer environmentally friendly options. Many institutions are transitioning to high-efficiency condensing boilers, which optimize energy usage and reduce carbon emissions. These boilers maximize fuel efficiency by extracting heat from flue gases, resulting in lower energy consumption and a reduced environmental footprint. Integration with Energy Management Systems: Commercial boilers in education institutions often integrate with advanced energy management systems, enabling precise control, monitoring, and optimization of heating operations. Smart controls, sensors, and programmable thermostats work in harmony with boilers, allowing administrators to adjust heating settings, monitor energy consumption, and implement energy-saving strategies. Commercial boilers can also serve as valuable educational tools within institutions. By incorporating real-time monitoring and visualization of boiler operations, students can gain insights into energy efficiency, sustainability, and HVAC systems. This hands-on experience fosters a deeper understanding of environmental responsibility and the role of technology in creating comfortable spaces. Commercial boilers play an indispensable role in educational institutions, creating warm and comfortable spaces that promote effective learning and student well-being. Their efficient space heating capabilities, reliable hot water supply, and integration with energy management systems make them essential components of educational infrastructure. As institutions embrace sustainability, commercial boilers offer eco-friendly heating solutions, reducing energy consumption and contributing to a greener future. By recognizing the importance of commercial boilers in educational institutions, we acknowledge their invaluable contribution to nurturing an environment where knowledge thrives and students flourish. ACEXM7, a prominent industrial expo organizer, recognizes the importance of showcasing these cutting-edge advancements, and as such, has announced the India Boiler Expo 2023, a title sponsored by Jindal Steel & Power. The three-day expo, set to take place from June 29th to July 1st at the Pragati Maidan in New Delhi, will serve as an ideal forum for professionals in the boiler industry to connect, learn, and network. “Join us at India Boiler Expo 2023 and become an integral part of our efforts to increase exports, showcasing India’s prowess in boiler manufacturing and positioning our nation as a global leader. Together, let’s expand our horizons and tap into international markets, proudly representing the ‘Make in India’ initiative and bolstering India’s standing on the global stage.” – Shikha Chouhan, VP – Conferences, Ace Exhibition Group. To learn more about the show, please visit: ACEXM7 Website: www.acem7.com India Boiler Expo 2023 Website: www.indiaboilerexpo.com You can also connect on: Kumar Deepak – 9911607755 or [email protected] Shikha Chouhan – 8448015101 or [email protected]

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It’s that time of year again – flu season! Are you prepared? Getting a flu shot as soon as possible is essential to protect yourself from the virus. It’s important to know who needs a flu shot and when to get it. The COVID-19 virus has complicated what a normal flu season looks like. Here is what you need to know to stay safe this flu season. Flu Season in the USA The fall and winter months are peak flu season in the US. While influenza viruses can spread at any time of the year, activity typically peaks between December and February, although it can continue into May. Flu seasonally changes our overall health outcomes (such as infections, hospitalizations, and fatalities). Several other respiratory viruses that circulate throughout flu season, in addition to flu viruses, and can also induce symptoms that are similar to those of a flu infection. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the most common cause of severe respiratory illness in young children, is one of these respiratory viruses. RSV is also a prominent cause of respiratory illness-related death in people 65 years and older. (CDC, 2021) Who Should Get a Flu Shot and When? CDC guidelines recommend, with very few exceptions, everyone aged 6 months and older should have a flu shot each season. People more likely to experience severe consequences from influenza should be vaccinated. Flu vaccines have been licensed for use in both adults 65 years of age and older as well as children as young as 6 months old. According to the CDC, pregnant women and those with specific chronic medical issues should also get their flu shots. They report it is safe to administer the nasal spray flu vaccine to healthy adults aged 2 to 49 who are not pregnant. The nasal spray flu vaccine should not be administered to pregnant women or those with specific medical conditions. If you are pregnant, consult with your doctor before getting the flu vaccine. It is preferred that we get vaccinated before the virus spreads in our community. Flu shots are typically recommended in September and October. The ideal time to vaccinate everyone is by the end of October. However, vaccination is still advised even if you can’t obtain it until November or later because flu activity often peaks in February and can persist significantly into May. (CDC, 2021) Can I Get a Flu Shot and COVID 19 Vaccine at the Same Time? The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advised against receiving any other vaccines for 14 days before and after each dose of COVID-19 when the vaccines initially became available. After evidence revealed that the COVID-19 vaccination was safe and that other vaccines would not impair the immune response, the government modified its advice. It is recommended by the CDC that older persons over 65 years have both vaccinations since COVID-19 infections strains are rapidly changing, driven by the development of the more contagious forms of the disease. When to Get Vaccinated It will take 10 to 14 days after receiving the flu shot before you are completely protected. In addition to the viruses from last year, the current flu vaccine offers protection against two additional types, and it takes time for your body to produce new antibodies. On the other hand, specialists claim that because your body has already been prepared by your vaccinations from earlier this year, the COVID-19 booster will improve your immunity in just two to three days. (Crouch, 2021) Have a conversation with your doctor if you have questions about how these vaccines will affect you, given your current personal health status. You can protect yourself in flu season if you keep certain things in mind. Remember to get the flu vaccine early, wash your hands often, and stay home if you’re feeling sick. By following these simple tips, we can help prevent the spread of illness and keep your family healthy. Do seek medical help from a professional if you’re unwell during the flu season. “Flu Season.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 28 Sept. 2021, www.cdc.gov/flu/about/season/flu-season.htm#:~:text=In%20the%20United%20States%2C%20flu%20season%20occurs%20in%20the%20fall,last%20as%20late%20as%20May. “Who Needs a Flu Vaccine.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Oct. 2021, www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/vaccinations.htm#:~:text=It’s%20best%20to%20be%20vaccinated,by%20the%20end%20of%20October. Crouch, Michelle. “Can You Get Your COVID-19 Booster with Your Flu Shot?” AARP, 10 Sept. 2021, www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2021/when-to-get-vaccines.html?CMP=KNC-DSO-COR-COVID-21436-GOOG-HEALTH-COVID-ConditionsTreatments-VaccineandFluShot-COVID-Phrase-NonBrand&gclid=CjwKCAjwoMSWBhAdEiwAVJ2ndpmyo4zPWaJiU6wTBMOJiS3wsigQ8TSYLRTrHbNt8GAt3fTBb6TLpBoCS0oQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds.

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Millions of children in Asia risk falling behind because of school closures amid the coronavirus outbreak, with unequal access to the internet hurting poorer kids as classes go online, technology and human rights experts warned on Friday. Worldwide, an unprecedented 363 million children and youth are affected by closures of schools and universities, according to data released by this week by the United Nations’ education agency UNESCO. That number is expected to rise as more countries implement lockdowns. “The global scale and speed of the current educational disruption is unparalleled and, if prolonged, could threaten the right to education,” UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay said in a statement. As countries deal with the situation, it is important to “ensure this crisis promotes innovation and inclusion and does not exacerbate learning inequalities,” she said. Schools are deploying distance-learning programmes and education applications and platforms, including radio and the internet to reach students remotely. But the so-called “digital divide” - which refers to the gap between those who have access to computers and the internet, and those with limited or no access - is a challenge. The cost of internet access can be prohibitive for low-income families, and the infrastructure and services necessary for everyone to be able to use the internet at home is unevenly distributed across urban, rural and remote areas. Julian Thomas, communications professor, RMIT University About 54 per cent of the global population - or 4.1 billion people use the internet. But only two out of 10 in the least developed countries are online, according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the UN’s internet and telecoms agency. “Digital exclusion in general reflects and entrenches broader patterns of disadvantage across age, gender, social and economic dimensions,” said Julian Thomas, a communications professor at Australia’s RMIT University. “The cost of internet access can be prohibitive for low-income families, and the infrastructure and services necessary for everyone to be able to use the internet at home is unevenly distributed across urban, rural and remote areas,” he said. Low-income families are particularly dependent on mobile devices for internet access, which may not be suited for learning purposes, he told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. Those families also tend to rely on schools, libraries, workplaces and community centres for internet access, and are “substantially disadvantaged” when these are closed, he said. In India, where primary schools in Delhi, and schools and colleges in Kerala state are closed until April to fight the spread of the coronavirus outbreak, education charities say they are worried about girls dropping out. Nearly a fourth of the country’s girls leave school before puberty, with the result that the female literacy rate is 66 per cent compared to 80 per cent for men, according to census data. In Delhi, the closure coincides with the holiday period. If it extends beyond March 31, then parents may be involved in lessons, and some classes may be moved online, said Shailendra Sharma, principal advisor at the directorate of education. “We recognise that in government schools, many students are first-generation learners, so parents may not be able to help much. Nor does every student have access to a smartphone or tablet,” he said. “So there may be challenges if the shutdown lasts longer.” This story was published with permission from Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, climate change, resilience, women’s rights, trafficking and property rights. Visit http://news.trust.org/climate. Thanks for reading to the end of this story! We would be grateful if you would consider joining as a member of The EB Circle. This helps to keep our stories and resources free for all, and it also supports independent journalism dedicated to sustainable development. For a small donation of S$60 a year, your help would make such a big difference.

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Downsizing, or rightsizing, is an integrated process that configures processes, products and people as a cost cutting measure. It is a phenomenon that is intended to re-engineer an organization for future benefits (Horngren, Foster and Dartar 237). Usually attributed to technological changes, downsizing is meant to enable long-term solutions. The present article stresses that there can be negative consequences to downsizing, in that the radical elimination of staff and customer freebies to cut costs may provide no advantages over a company that retains their assets. As Cascio states, “It is not possible for firms to”save” or “shrink” their way to prosperity” (p. 4). Summary of Key Points Lose staff à increase earnings and stock prices, because of reduced operating costs. Downsizing may not necessarily be viable for the long-term. Context determines strategy; always retain key management for leadership, and skilled technicians. Long-term should be goal, because why else re-structure. Alternative restructuring methods are highlighted by H …………. Staff = asset Corporation to engage in continuous improvement and multi-skilling of staff: professional development; company culture leads to customer and staffs satisfaction. People à “innovation and renewal”; human resource asset. Knowledge-based organisations (e.g., IT) can especially benefit in retaining and training new and ongoing staffs. Post-modern commercial industry is focused on service orientation. Delivers examples as to how to avoid, and how to take advantage of, restructuring in a responsible way. This article is of interest to corporate management and Board members who are exploring the option of downsizing their workforce. Cascio delivers a lengthy review of real-world risks, benefits and disappointments by organizations choosing to downsize. It is highlighted that a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats analysis be carried out first. This will assist management to make an informed decision as to whether to downsize, and how to implement their decision in a responsible and transparent way (Horngren et al. 100; Hoggett, Sweeting and Radford 15). The goal of strategy change is to enhance market competitiveness and to align with international discourse of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The article indicates several areas of concern that are of interest to today’s management: The Risk of Downsizing Management may decide to downsize with the goal to improve returns. Evidence shows that this is only a short term solution. There are significant social consequences, such as the loss of human resources, customers and suppliers confidence. Future growth will be more costly because of having to continuously hire new staff to be trained; low wages and poor working conditions do not endear staff loyalty. Further, there can be a lack of corporate structure following downsizing, in turn increasing the workload and interpersonal and intrapersonal pressures on staffs, affecting customer interest and loyalty. With regard to needing a strategic option that is a preventative measure to reduce costs, downsizing is a last resort. Are Employees Assets or Costs? Management accounting classifies labour as a variable cost rather than a fixed overhead (Horngren et al. 10). Employees are viewed as “costs,” to be “cut” when downsizing. Human Resource managers however, view people as the greatest asset within a corporation, which is a network of social beings interlinked with external networks. As Cascio notes, contemporary responsible restructuring requires that employees be seen as assets to be developed. Multi-skilling of employees is a key training focus within commercial industry today, with R&D using predominantly government support, to study organizational culture, leadership patterns, continuous improvement and learning across the lifetime. Business Concept Innovations People lead to innovation, states Cascio. Managers can draw on their examples to use restructuring with new technologies or processes. The article reminds the reader to consider the rational for restructuring. A SWOT analysis should indicate areas for potential areas of R&D and innovation. Applying this Article to Industry The article reviewed in this paper has some applications to the contemporary business world. It provides solidly researched information that managers can use when deciding which strategy to employ if they choose to downsize. Long term and short term facts and experiences of other firms are presented so that others can draw on the learnt knowledge to avoid mistakes and hasty decisions in the future. However, the article is limited in that it makes no mention of outsourcing. This may be due though, to the publication date of 2000, and outsourcing not being recognized as a cost saving measure until at least 2002. Outsourcing is a form of downsizing where internal departments are dismissed, and hardware, software design and IT services for example, are outsourced, normally to developing nations where labour is cheap and the staff highly trained and eager to work (Mercer 1). It has been found to increase the incomes of corporations. Cascio, W. F. “Strategies for responsible restructuring.” Academy of Management Executive, Horngren, C., Foster, G. and Datar, S. Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis, Prentice Hall International, Saddle River, NJ. 2000. Leo, K., Hoggett, J. Sweeting, J. and Radford, J. Company Accounting (6th edition), John Wiley & Sons, Sydney. 2005. Mercer, Ilana. “Downsizing jobs, outsourcing lives: Part 2.” June 4, 2003. November 1, 2006.

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Guinea-Bissau begins distribution of 1 million anti-malaria bed netsJun 12, 2014 Bissau, Guinea-Bissau – The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) today will begin to deliver one million life-saving bed nets across the national territory, having kicked off a vast awareness campaign to help communities combat the deadly mosquito-borne disease. “Insecticide-treated bed nets are the most powerful barrier against malaria. In remote areas, bed nets can simply mean the difference between life and death,” says the UN Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative in Guinea-Bissau, Gana Fofang. Financed by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the USD 5.8 million effort is expected to further reduce the number of malaria-induced deaths, which had already declined from 1,400 per year in 2003 to 400 in 2012. Around 47 percent of the deaths occur among children below the age of five. Usable for a period of three years, the nets repel or kill mosquitoes that come into contact with the mesh. They have been shown to avert around 50 percent of malaria cases. As part of the campaign, 2,100 volunteers visited up to 500,000 households across the country’s 11 regions, informing them of the distribution, as well as explaining to families how the nets should be set up. Messages will air for two weeks on 24 radio stations and on national television, while telecom operators Orange and MTN will send text messages out to individual subscribers. The effort is coinciding with the launch by Ivorian football star Didier Drogba of an animated video that tells the story of his early life in a malaria-endemic country and calls attention to the disease. UNDP led the census, registered targeted households, purchased the nets, hired local companies to transport them and will work with nurses and volunteers to distribute them in 1,600 locations. Trained by UNDP, the volunteers will return to the households to make sure the bed nets are properly being used. Thanks to the programme, malaria testing will take place across the national territory for the next year and provide heavily subsidized medication for women, men and children who test positive. Partners in the effort include Guinea-Bissau’s Ministry of Health, the country’s national anti-malaria programme (PNLP), the UN Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea Bissau (UNIOGBIS), the United Nations Populations Fund (UNFPA), UN Volunteers, the World Food Programme (WFP), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Red Cross, MTN, Orange, and the Bank of West Africa (BAO). Guinea-Bissau has among the world’s lowest human development indicators, with a life expectancy of 48.6 years and only 2.3 mean years of schooling per inhabitant. - Celia Azevedo, Communications Specialist, UNFPA Guinea Bissau. Tel: + 245 693 6302, [email protected] . - Yanira Santana, M&E and Communication Officer, UNDP Guinea Bissau. Tel: +245 320 13 68 Ext. 198, [email protected]. New York: Nicolas Douillet, Communications Specialist, UNDP Regional Bureau for Africa. Tel: +1.212.906.5937. [email protected]

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A powerful earthquake struck western Mexico on Monday, leaving at least one person dead and causing panic hundreds of kilometers away in Mexico City on the anniversary of two devastating tremors. The national seismological agency reported the quake was of magnitude 7.4 with a depth of 15 kilometers (nine miles), while the United States Geological Survey estimated the magnitude at 7.6. "I thought I would have a heart attack!" said Gabriela Ramirez, 58, one of the many residents across the city who rushed out into the streets. The epicenter was located near the Pacific coast, around 400 kilometers west of the capital and 59 kilometers (37 miles) south of Coalcoman in the state of Michoacan, according to seismologists. PAY ATTENTION: Don't miss trending Kenyan news. Follow TUKO.co.ke on Twitter! One person was killed by falling debris in Manzanillo in the western state of Colima, President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador said on Twitter. There was not believed to be any serious damage in Mexico City, he said. It was the third major earthquake on record to hit Mexico on the day of September 19. Mexico City's early warning earthquake alarms rang out less than an hour after the capital held emergency drills as part of events to mark the disasters of 1985 and 2017. "It felt terrible. We went down as soon as we felt it, when the alarm sounded," Karina Suarez, 37, said after evacuating the building where she lives in the capital. 'Ring of fire' In Mexico City, residents reported minor damage and broken glass in some buildings on social media. There was no risk of a tsunami, the country's civil protection agency said. Mexico sits in the world's most seismically and volcanically active zone, known as the Ring of Fire, where the Pacific plate meets surrounding tectonic plates. On September 19, 1985 an 8.1 magnitude quake in Mexico City killed more than 10,000 people and destroyed hundreds of buildings. On the anniversary of that earthquake in 2017, a 7.1 quake left around 370 people dead, mainly in the capital. Mexico City is built in a natural basin filled with the sediment of a former lake, making it particularly vulnerable to earthquakes. The capital, which together with surrounding urban areas is home to more than 20 million people, has an early warning alarm system using seismic monitors that aims to give residents enough time to evacuate buildings. PAY ATTENTION: check out news exactly for YOU ➡️ find "Recommended for you" block and enjoy!

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Working with women to build resilience during disasters Many of the world’s farm animals are owned by women, and natural disasters affect farm animals more than any other. We spoke with our Africa disaster operations manager, Judy Kimaru, about gender, animals and disasters Why did you get into the field of disaster management and animal welfare? I’ve worked in emergency management for 15 years, mainly with the United Nations and in countries in conflict. I saw a lot of issues around livelihoods and food security and animals were always central to it. I developed a passion for this kind of work. Emerging themes of climate change and a greater awareness and focus on disaster risk reduction, made it feel like a very natural transition. Do many women work in this field? I haven’t seen a lot of women in the field, particularly not on the technical side of things. Disaster risk reduction is a relatively new field of work. One of biggest challenges in this new field is the lack of expertise — and that includes men and women. I would like to see more women in the field. In my region, 80% of farmers are women. The more we train women farmers in disaster risk reduction, the more resilient we can make local communities and protect animals at the same time. What do you see as the role of women livestock owners in disaster preparedness, recovery and community resiliency? Firstly, women are not a homogeneous group. A women’s role is varied and is a factor of culture, education and opportunity. Certain animals tend to be the responsibility of certain genders. For example, donkeys in pastoral communities are considered the helpers of women. They help her carry water and goods to market such as in the Masai community. Camels tend to be looked after by men as they carry heavy goods and go longer distances from home. Chickens tend to be cared for by women and girls around the household. Judy working to protect animals from drought in Ethiopia In responses you’ve been a part of, what links have you seen between disaster management and women’s empowerment? I’ve just come back from Makwemi, Kenya where we are working and bringing women together to help them with resiliency exercises like better pasture techniques for their animals. When we started in 2013 they were collecting 30 litres of milk a day from their animals, due to poor nutrition and health. Now they are collecting 400 litres a day. We taught them about silage, for example, which enables them to keep their animals fed through a drought. These women’s social economic status has directly improved as a result of our disaster risk reduction work with them. A private milk company noted the surge in production and put a cooling collection point there – which has now allowed the women to access much larger markets. I have also seen negative consequences. In Barringo County, Kenya in 2015 local “rainmakers" or witch doctors called a drought the “year when women were chased away from home”. This drought was so severe, women had to walk long distances to look for water. By the time they got home, they had not cooked or prepared the home for their husbands. In many instances, the husbands would beat their wives regularly and severely to the point that women fled the home. The more we can teach women to become resilient with water pans and sustainable agricultural skills we empower her. Our work ideally makes her life around animals easier and more profitable as her social and economic status increases. As the lead for our disaster management operations in Africa, Judy has protected thousands of animals from drought in Ethiopia and Kenya, a volcano in Cape Verde, flooding in Malawi, and many other natural disasters across the region.

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Peace accords signed between the government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, better known as FARC, have ended a half-century conflict that killed 260,000 people and displaced another six million. But it does not mean an end to Colombia’s violence. FARC’s smaller revolutionary cousin, the ELN, or National Liberation Army, has agreed a temporary ceasefire but has not yet laid down its weapons. Neither do the peace accords disband the rightwing paramilitaries who carried out the bulk of the killings during the civil war. They have transformed into criminal gangs that control significant swaths of territory in which the state has little presence. Hardest hit by the strife are Colombia’s remotest regions, areas typically inhabited by indigenous people and Afro-Colombians. The fighting is over control of illegal industries, from drugs to mining and extortion – businesses that both the FARC and ELN have been heavily involved in. The fear is that, unless the government can extend services and development to these regions, demobilised former guerrillas will head back to the bush and the lure of these lucrative activities. There is still significant domestic opposition to the agreement negotiated by the government and FARC over four years of talks in Cuba. But the peace deal does offer hope; that a more representative political system can be built, which opens space for the endemically marginalised, and a process of national dialogue and reconciliation can begin. But it will be a lengthy and difficult journey for Colombia, with many potential pitfalls and spoilers to contend with. TOP PHOTO: Colombians queue to vote in the plebiscite on the peace deal

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Analogies exist to convey information. But too often all they do is add rhetorical flourish. For an analogy to have power there needs to be a genuine mapping of the structure of the source and target. And perhaps more crucially your target audience needs to understand the structure of the source well enough to map it onto the target. You can’t get insight from a foundation of nothing. A story in The New York Times suggested to me one avenue by which to communicate the particular nature of the relations in Syria between ethno-linguistic groups. Syrian Children Offer Glimpse of a Future of Reprisals: The roots of the animosity toward the Alawites from members of Syria’s Sunni Muslim majority, who make up about 75 percent of the population, run deep into history. During the 19th-century Ottoman Empire, the two groups lived in separate communities, and the Sunni majority so thoroughly marginalized Alawites that they were not even allowed to testify in court until after World War I. As has been noted elsewhere the Alawite identity as Shia Muslims is to some extent an artifact of modern circumstances (i.e., the alliance with Iran which dates back to the 1970s). But, it does shield them against the most extreme accusations of heresy and infidelity to Islam. The fact that Alawites had no legal standing in customary Syrian society indicates how much the Other they once were. And, it goes to the root of the fact that the brutal behavior of the Alawites is not simply a function of the pernicious influence of the Assad family, but due to genuine fear of a resurgent Sunni ascendancy. How to communicate the depth of the chasm, and the high stakes? It may shock Americans because of our perception of who the “good guys” and “bad guys” are, but I think one might conceptualize the Syrian rebels as the Reconstruction era Ku Klux Klan. The Alawite ascendancy is viewed through tradition, as well as democratic legitimacy, an as aberration to many Syrians. Not only that, but unlike the Christians or Syrian Jews, Alawites were not a “middle-man minority” with an exceptional record of professional or business success. Rather, they were marginal Mediterranean peasants, who delegated the running of the economy to the Sunni merchant princes. By offering up the analogy to the American Reconstruction I indicate that here you have a group which was not given the due rights of full humans (i.e., Muslims) during the Ottoman era, which now finds itself in a position of supremacy. This is not a stable position because of the force of numbers on the side of the Sunnis. But, the example of Reconstruction should indicate to us that democracy is not a means of government which always engenders maximum liberty and coexistence.

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If you are suffering from allergy symptoms and you live in the Washington, DC, Northern Virginia, and Maryland metropolitan area, you are not alone. There may be many reasons why this is so. You should understand that there are a variety of allergens that could be affecting you, even in February. We will discuss some of them below. It should be noted that dust allergy is an allergy that occurs throughout the year. Dust is always present no matter how clean you are. In fact, it is not typically the dust particles that you often see in the air near a well-lit window that is the culprit in someone with dust allergies. It is the dust mites that are primarily responsible for causing the annoying symptoms in a dust-allergic individual. Dust mites are arachnids like spiders and ticks. They are microscopic and live off of the dead skin that sloughs off all individuals. A dust-allergic individual is actually allergic to the dust mite’s feces as well as its exoskeleton. The 2 common species of dust mites in the U.S. are Dermatophagoides farinae (i.e., American house dust mite) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (i.e., European house dust mite). Both species are responsible for causing or contributing to both allergic rhinitis (i.e., hay fever) and asthma. The classic symptoms of allergic rhinitis may include sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, post-nasal drip, itchy nose, itchy throat, sinus congestion, sinus pressure, sinus pain, headaches, snoring, itchy eyes, watery eyes, puffy eyes, and/or redness of the eyes. Asthma symptoms, on the other hand, may include wheezing, chest tightness, coughing, and/or shortness of breath. Even though dust is a perennial allergen, it can worse for some individuals in the Winter, when a house is generally more closed up compared with the other seasons. Mold is another perennial allergen that is bothersome to many individuals with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. Although molds tend to be present in every season, they tend to be more abundant in the Fall, when leaves fall off of the trees and sit on the wet ground. This setting is perfect for molds as the moisture is a catalyst for mold growth. It should be noted that Washington, DC was built on a swamp and is thus is a great environment for molds to grow. Many individuals who live in the Washington, DC metro area are bothered by this abundance of mold and as a result suffer more than they would have if located in a different part of the country. Mold, just like dust, can cause or aggravate both allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. Mold-sensitive individuals may complain of runny nose, nasal congestion, post-nasal drip, itchy nose, itchy throat, sinus headaches, snoring, sinus pressure, sinus congestion, sinus pain, watery eyes, itchy eyes, redness of the eyes, swelling of the eyes, chest tightness, wheezing, coughing, and/or shortness of breath depending on whether they exhibit allergic rhinitis symptoms, asthma symptoms, or both. In addition, there are conditions like allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and allergic fungal sinusitis that occur because of an allergy to molds where an inflammatory reaction ensues. These 2 disorders are more involved than that of the standard allergic rhinitis situation, thus requiring more specialized tests and more complex treatments in the diagnosis and management of these conditions. Lastly, when one thinks about allergies in the month of February, one must think of tree pollen. In the metro Washington, DC area, trees begin to pollinate earlier than they have done even 10 years ago. In the past, trees would typically begin to pollinate in late February. In the last few years however, we have seen pollination begin in early February! This early tree pollination is what accounts for the earlier symptoms of hay fever felt by allergy sufferers in the Washington, DC area. Tree pollen also causes or aggravates both asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. Again, tree-sensitive individuals may experience nasal congestion, post-nasal drip, runny nose, sneezing, itchy nose, itchy throat, itchy eyes, watery eyes, puffy eyes, redness of the eyes, snoring, sinus pain, headaches, sinus congestion, sinus pressure, coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, and/or shortness of breath depending on whether they have asthma symptoms, allergic rhinitis symptoms, or both. It must be stated that many allergy sufferers are allergic to more than one of these allergens (i.e., allergic to dust, molds, and tree pollen), and thus may exhibit far worse symptoms than if they were allergic to only one or two of them. In these individuals with multiple allergen sensitivity, they will most likely have allergy symptoms for much longer than the month of February or even one season. They usually have allergic rhinitis and/or asthma symptoms throughout the year. The board certified allergists at Black and Kletz Allergy have over 50 years of experience in diagnosing and treating allergic rhinitis, asthma, immunologic disorders, and all other types of allergies. We treat both adult and pediatric patients. Black & Kletz Allergy has 3 convenient locations with on-site parking located in Washington, DC, McLean, VA (Tysons Corner, VA), and Manassas, VA. The Washington, DC and McLean, VA offices are Metro accessible and we offer a free shuttle that runs between the McLean, VA office and the Spring Hill metro station on the silver line. To schedule an appointment, please call any of our offices or you may click Request an Appointment and we will respond within 24 hours by the next business day. We have been servicing the greater Washington, DC metropolitan area for many decades and we look forward to providing you with state-of-the-art allergy and asthma care in a friendly and pleasant environment.

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Prior to its expansion with a line to Hammersmith, the Circle Line lived up to its name by forming a loop that encircles much of inner London. Running through Chelsea and Kensington, the City of London, Hackney, Islington, the City of Westminster, and now to Hammersmith and Fulham, the Circle Line runs through practically every major Underground and railway station in London. This, of course, shouldn’t be surprising since it was born out of two of the London Underground’s original lines. Punch your Oyster card and join us on a journey down the tunnels of the Circle Line’s history from its earliest days to the present. As mentioned, the Circle Line actually got its start from two of London’s oldest Tube lines: the Metropolitan Line and the District Line. Then known as the Metropolitan Railway and the District Railway, both lines were in their earliest days when a Parliament select committee recommended an “inner circle” of railway lines that connected the city’s railroad termini. The two separate lines ultimately had a falling out and the prospect of uniting them into a circle wasn’t realized until Parliament intervened in 1884. Each company ran services in a separate direction, with the Metropolitan trains ran “outer rail”, or clockwise, services and the District ran “inner rail”, or anti-clockwise, services. In 1882, the Metropolitan extended services to a temporary station at Tower Hill that was replaced with a permanent station in 1884. This completed the inner circle and afterward, the Metropolitan Railway began to run all outer rail services by 1908. Meanwhile, the District Railways was running into financial problems and needed to refinance around 1901. It used to opportunity to fully electrify its services and amalgamated with the Underground Electric Railways of London. This caused some issues between the Metropolitan and District railways that were using different electrical systems, a problem that was solved when the Metropolitan converted its stock to be compatible with District’s system. In 1933, both the Metropolitan and District railways were absorbed into the public London Passenger Transport Board, forming part of the London Underground. The shared loop between the two lines became formally known as the Circle Line in 1936. On the Underground Map, the Circle Line appeared in the same shade of green as other sub-surface lines including the Metropolitan Line, the District Line, and the Hammersmith & City Line. The Circle Line wouldn’t become its own distinct line until 1948 when it was denoted by a black border and didn’t receive its yellow color until 1949. Between 1959 and 1960, Circle Line trains were increased up to six cars to match those of Hammersmith & City Lines. The Circle Line trains were also integrated with maintenance at the Hammersmith Depot. For decades, Circle Line stock had been hand-me-downs from other lines but finally received their own brand-new trains in 1970. Single-operator trains were proposed as early as 1972 but weren’t actually introduced until 1984. The Circle Line was also yet another Underground line that was partially privatized in 2003 and run by Metronet until the company went into administration in 2007, at which point it reverted back fully to the management of Transport for London. Moving further into the 21st Century, the Circle Line was one of the Underground railways affected by the July 7, 2005, terrorist bombings when two explosive devices went off around 8:50 AM. The bombs killed 15 people, including the two suicide bombers, and the line remained close until August 8. In 2009, the Circle Line extended to include the Hammersmith & City Line to Fulham, giving it a little branch off of Paddington, turning the circle pattern into a spiral. Most recently, the Circle Line was closed along with the Waterloo & City Line in March 2020 as part of a pandemic lockdown restricting all but non-essential travel. Now back open and ferrying passengers once again, it remains to be seen where the Circle Line will go in the future.

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With some knowledge, Bearded Vultures can be easily spotted in the field. Often it is even possible to distinguish whether it is a young or already sexually mature bearded vulture. Report your observations and help the reintroduction project. Bearded vulture identification Long, pointed wings & a spatula-shaped tail Memorize well how you can recognize a flying Bearded Vulture. Note the long, pointed wings and the long, spatula-shaped tail (see series of pictures below). These characteristics are particularly pronounced in adult Bearded Vultures, which are characterised by their white body and head plumage. Golden Eagle with broad wings & fan-shaped tail In contrast, Golden Eagles have shorter and fan-shaped tail feathers. Their wings are wider and have a white patch in the middle of each wing - not to be confused with the marked feathers of the young, Bearded Vultures, which are always bleached at the edge of the wing or at the outer end of the tail feathers. Griffon Vulture with very short tail There is also a risk of confusion with Griffon Vultures. These differ in flight from Bearded Vultures by their broad wings, which are held up in a clearly V-shaped manner. Griffon Vultures have a short, rather straight cut tail and also occur in large groups. When sitting, they can be recognized by their long neck with collar and the few feathers on their head. Rapid movements reveal the raven Although ravens have a similar tail shape to the bearded vulture, they are much smaller and can be seen from a distance due to their faster movements. The plumage reveals the age of the Bearded Vulture With a little practice you can even estimate the age of bearded vultures because of the plumage colouring and moulting pattern. Here you can find detailed information: Age estimation Bearded Vulture. Bearded Vulture observation The best chance is to find out when the next young Bearded Vultures will be released into the wild in your region. After release at the end of May or the beginning of June, the young vultures that are not yet able to fly usually spend two to three weeks in the release niche before they take off for their first flight at the age of about 120 days. The first flight rounds are usually very short and last hardly two or three minutes. Then the young vultures begin to extend their flights from week to week. Even in July and August they spend most of their time in the immediate vicinity of the release site. If you visit a release site during this time, there is a good chance of encountering a Bearded Vulture. Find out in spring at the release sites when and where the next release will take place. Report your observation If you were lucky enough to observe a Bearded Vulture, let us know! By doing so, you will actively contribute to the success of the reintroduction project. With a bit of luck we will be able to tell you which individual you have seen and with this information we receive basic data on the survival of the Bearded Vultures that have been released into the wild. Here you can go directly to our observation form>>

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What is Genealogy? Genealogy is the study of family history and family relationships. Genealogy is the second most popular hobby in the United States,behind gardening. Genealogical information is the second most commonly searched for material on the Internet. People who don't want to find skeletons, shouldn't look in closets. Overview To introduce genealogy, I would like to talk to you about: How you can get started researching genealogy. Someof the resources available to you because you live in the Triangle area. How you can share your research with your family – including family you haven’t met yet. TheNational Genealogical Society Convention here in Raleigh this year. Getting Started You want to get started and you want to find out really interesting information about your forebears. Your first impulse is probably ... to Google it. While there’s nothing wrong with that, and you certainly might get lucky, a more methodical approach is likely to yield better results.In genealogy, as in any branch of inquiry, it’s important to proceed from the known to the unknown. In genealogy, we can be more specific and say that you should start from one person, such as yourself, and move backwards in time.So how do you do this? The answer is: You start at home. Start at Home Gather all the family information you can find in your home or with family members. One thing that most people neglect to do when they get started is to look at the family Bibles, newspaper clippings, photographs, marriage certificates, reminiscences and other documents, and to ask the family elders about what they know of the family history. Gather together all the documents that might give you information about people, relationships, dates and places. Interview people, especially the older people in your family to preserve their memories. Photographs often provide unexpected clues. Research Methods Start from what you know and work backwards in time. Every piece of evidence can add to a definition of the puzzle. Document everything.It’s important to keep track of all of your sources of information, in order to be able to refer to them again in case you need to clarify discrepancies. Assess and evaluate your sources. How close is the source to the event it documents? Is there any reason for the person responsible for the document to fib or stretch the truth? Conduct a reasonably exhaustive search. It’s not good enough to get a summary that, say, your Civil War soldier was in a particular unit, without getting their compiled service record, for example. Case Study: Robert Washington Gregg, who was in Sherman’s Army, but sat out most of the war in a hospital in Paducah, KY. Research Categories Research in the key document areas: Vital records – birth, marriage, and death records Census records Military records –Case Study: Thomas D. Via. Printed sources – For example, compilations of records, local histories. Case Study: The Murder of Jane Graham. Boundaries: As a genealogist, you will learn the histories of the boundaries of counties, states, and other jurisdictions. Laws:Study the laws and the changes in laws, especially the changes that lead to the creation of new kinds of records. Living in North Carolina Living in North Carolina and in or near Raleigh ... you have enviable resources at your fingertips. North Carolina was on key migration routes. People migrated through coast and falls line trails down from Virginia and then inland. Many people from all over the country can trace their families to Tennessee, and then to North Carolina. The North Carolina State Archives on Jones Street has a great deal of this material. They have gathered together many pre-1900 documents from all of the 100 counties in North Carolina. Wake County has an excellent library that focuses on genealogy, the Olivia Rainey Public Library. In May of 2009, the National Genealogical Society’s annual Conference in the States is coming to the new Raleigh Convention Center. Sharing Your Findings Sharing Your Research – Once you’ve done some of your research and are able to put together some kind of chart, stories, photographs, and so on, you will want to share them. Sharing on the Internet: There are a number of sites specifically designed for sharing genealogical information. Case Study: Magnus Lindskog. Flickr.com (photo sharing) Facebook (We’re Related is the 5th most popular application on Facebook) Ancestry.com Putting together a book: Some of the software packages for gathering family history information are also set up to output reports that could be published as books. Family reunions: These can be as big oras small as you want.

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History-nobody learned anything Let's just all go back to sleep now. The government has our best interests at heart as everyone knows. :-P VE DAY LOSING WWII LEARN YOUR HISTORY WELL From the reading of history the victor is supposed to write a favorable account. After all the classic documentaries and countless sequels to the “Greatest Generation”, we are left with the stark fact that winning the war against Nazi Germany really meant that the conqueror of the “Great Patriotic War” was the Soviet Union. Hardly a model of moral virtue or social inspiration, the decision to ally with Joseph Stalin to defeat Adolf Hitler has proven to be the most tragic error in a history of American foreign policy blunders. The arguments used at the time to follow a course designed by Winston Churchill to save the scraps of a commonwealth empire, caused the final destruction of those colonial renegades. With a Marxist president in office, Franklin Delano Roosevelt completed the dismantling of the republic and twisted the country into accepting a global interventionist force. The 20th century was conspicuous with despots. The malicious similarities of the big four clearly demonstrates that the only divergence among them can be measured by degree. One does not have to admire the corporal to denounce the drunk. Rudolf Hess was left to rot in Spandau Prison to silence the truth. In 1943 the American Mercury identifies the real Hess mission – the Hitler proposal: “Hitler offered total cessation of the war in the West. Germany would evacuate all of France except Alsace and Lorraine, which would remain German. It would evacuate Holland and Belgium, retaining Luxembourg. It would evacuate Norway and Denmark. In short, Hitler offered to withdraw from Western Europe, except for the two French provinces and Luxembourg [Luxembourg was never a French province, but an independent state of ethnically German origin], in return for which Great Britain would agree to assume an attitude of benevolent neutrality towards Germany as it unfolded its plans in Eastern Europe. In addition, the Führer was ready to withdraw from Yugoslavia and Greece. German troops would be evacuated from the Mediterranean generally and Hitler would use his good offices to arrange a settlement of the Mediterranean conflict between Britain and Italy. No belligerent or neutral country would be entitled to demand reparations from any other country, he specified.” If Churchill really was an anti-Bolshevik, why would an alliance with a communist habitual murderer be preferable to coexistence with a revitalized German continental country? Could it be that the Germanic roots within British ruling class feared a rivalry from cousins more than the savagery of Leninist comrades. The collusion and connivance of London collectivists in creating the Russian revolution is confirmed by the history that is never taught in school. Socialist romantics that admired Trotsky got a dose of reality with the Stalin purges. Ignoring that record of paranoia and pathological evil is no excuse for providing the military means to construct a Cossack gulag for rebellious White Russians. The invasion of Poland was a direct result from a deal between Hitler and Stalin. If Hitler would pledge non aggression with the Gori Georgian and divide up Polish territory, trusting Stalin to respect national sovereignty would be insane. During the “phony war” period, England schemed to devise the lend lease fake neutrality for a receptive FDR. The Churchill architect sold the plans for the Roosevelt construction company to become a bellicose supplier. When Japan joined the Axis alliance, Hitler set the stage for a fatal mistake. Stalin knew that the Manchurian invasion would stop at the Siberian border. When operation Barbarossa drove east, Stalin was shocked. But Churchill was not satisfied to let the fascist Reich wage a war of annihilation against their bitter Soviet enemy. When Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hitler made his decisive misstep. He declared war on the United States. Exercising the Axis accord to combat the Imperial Empire’s war, proved the most foolish decision imaginable. Churchill was most pleased and Roosevelt delighted. They finally joined their fellow traveler Stalin and had their opportunity to methodically dismantle the last vestiges of individual rights in their own countries. If the Western democracies were truly waging war against a fascist dictatorship, what was the point of eliminating Hitler only to replace him with a much worse tyrant and more dangerous sociopath, Uncle Joe? Anyone who could not or were unwilling to admit the gruesome nature of Stalin’s paranoia acted with total disregard for America’s true interests. Converting the United States into the global military titan only destroyed the very reasons used to sell the war. Fight to save Western Civilization and the American way of life was the ultimate causality at the end of the conflict. VE Day was not a triumph of rescuing our own country from a threat of extinction. That combat was the means used to obliterate the very essence of as independent society. The yoke of oppression was placed around the necks of Americans by a government that consistently lied - over and over again - all the way into another avoidable foreign adventure. General George Patton had it right about Stalin. But only the voice of America First proponents like Garet Garrett forewarned the nation about the consequences of engaging in another unwanted war. True Believers who conclude that a war against Hitler was necessary are harebrained kool aid drinkers. FDR sold out our traditional heritage to advance the centralized autocracy of a conspiratorial ruling elite. Their formula for world governance translated into eliminating all competing political regimes. The Cold War as a foregone conclusion for aiding a foe that deserved to be defeated. Making Stalin an ally was even more ludicrous than the Wehrmacht following the Rising Sun. By fighting another irrational battle in Europe the celebration of VE Day commemorates America’s loss of it’s own country. The empire that followed eradicated from memory and purpose what made America unique in history. Citizen soldiers were sold into systematic domestic slavery. The escalation of federal despotism was the outcome. Not exactly what Douglas MacArthur had in mind “In war there is no substitute for victory.” Where was the victory for the populace that shed their blood to protect a domestic government that betrayed her own loyal citizens? The real legacy of VE Day is that you loose by fighting in foreign wars. When the profound interests of the countrymen are sacrificed to the War-God, you don’t have to be from Mars to understand that humans are strange creatures. Patriotism is valid when your leaders are faithful to the reason why America was founded. Would George Washington general in Mr. Roosevelt’s war? Would John Adams defend Churchill’s kingdom? Can we really afford to win any more overseas campaigns that eat away at the national fabric? How many times does this country need to repeat past failures of placing a false trust in your own government because it refuses to accept the real lessons of history? WWII was a mistake for the United States because it viewed Churchill as a friend. The enemy of the Republic sat in a wheel chair. Better learn that the fear of such totalitarian democrats has far more relevance than fearing an imaginary metaphor. An American empire is not a replacement for an independent nation. Too bad that Patton and MacArthur didn’t fight the real enemies . . . Sixty years thereafter, the need for the true war still exist. Re: History-nobody learned anything Yes, a good article. When the truth about WW2 is broadcast regularly on the telly...we'll have won...this round. Hitler was NO angel, but nor was he the Devil incarnate. His crimes had to be grossly exaggerated as an excuse for backing the even more criminal Stalin. One must remember that no one likes to be occupied. National pride is wounded...but, it's really funny to read accounts of how welcome the Germans were in many countries and how polite they were to the local inhabitants (certain groups excepted). How the French complained about "inconsiderate American tank drivers"! The key to understanding WW2 is to understand the HUGE threat posed by the Soviet Union who's central doctrine was world domination. A domination that included NO religion, pig sty's in Churches, wiping out cultural heritage and virtual slavery and murder. You can understand Hitler's ruthlessness in the East when you understand that. Remember, he had served for 3 years on the Western front in WW1. Won 2 Iron Crosses in the most dangerous job you could have (Regimental Runner). Witnessed the untold death of hundreds of his comrades and watched the disintergration of his country and the slow, deliberate starving of up to 1 million men, women and children post WW1. It's easy to comment in the context of a privelidged, safe lifestyle. The times were tough and on the verge of chaos back then. We should focuss any rage on the bankers and financiers who set up the Soviet Union who then countered with Germany who they then double crossed. Benevolent Fascism/Totalitarian Communism? In the end they were both Death Cults. Both were evil. I just want the blame spread around a little more and Germany relieved of the false total guilt for WW2. |All times are GMT -6. The time now is 12:25 AM.| Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.6.12 Copyright ©2000 - 2014, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.

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The idea that music has healing powers occurs in almost every culture and goes back to ancient times. Apollo was the god of both music and healing. Hippocrates is said to have played music to help treat his patients. In the Old Testament, King Saul’s fits of depression were alleviated by the music of young David. Much research has confirmed that music has psychological and physiological effects. While scientists can now see via medical imaging some of the changes in the brains of people listening to Beethoven or Elvis, music is a very complex stimulus, and the ways it works on us remain largely elusive. Music therapy—the use of music to address physical, psychological, cognitive and/or social problems — now plays an accepted role in modern medicine, for children as well as adults. Some colleges and universities offer degrees in music therapy, several organizations provide certification in the field, and many hospitals offer the therapy to patients. There are different approaches to music therapy, which can be done one-on-one or in a group, can use instrumental or vocal music, and can involve just listening to music, moving to it, or actively making it. Music therapy has been used as an adjunct treatment for everything from strokes and various types of chronic pain to dementia and other neurological disorders. Some of the best evidence concerns the use of calming music for anxiety disorders and depression, as was discussed in a 2011 review paper in the Harvard Review of Psychiatry. Two years earlier, a Cochrane analysis of 23 clinical trials concluded that music can have a beneficial effect on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, anxiety, and pain in people with heart disease. pain in people with heart disease. Music is also sometimes used for short-term goals—for instance, to help alleviate anxiety and pain (which can be exacerbated by anxiety) in patients before and after surgery, as well as to help them feel less nervous when undergoing procedures such as colonoscopy. In part, music may simply distract people from their pain and other symptoms. Up-tempo music can be used to motivate and energize people during physical or occupational therapy—or just during a conventional exercise program. What enthralls one person may be just noise to another. Some research suggests that classical music is best for stress reduction, heart rate and blood pressure, though this may, in part, relate to the age and tastes of the researchers who did the studies. If you don’t like Bach or Mozart, it won’t help you much as you go into the operating room (though it may help the surgeon). So one prerequisite, of course, is to have people choose music they like. Some individuals don’t care for any music, and for them silence may be the best treatment. Bottom line: You don’t need to have a reason to listen to or make music other than the pleasure or catharsis it gives you. But if it also helps you deal with pain and anxiety, lifts you out of depression for a while, helps you with some other physical or psychological problem or motivates you to exercise, more power to it. Unlike new drugs or medical procedures, music needs no government approval or clinical trials—it’s usually free or inexpensive, and can’t hurt even if it fails to help. If musical self-help isn’t enough, consider asking your health care provider about more formal music therapy.[Source: http://www.berkeleywellness.com]

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What is a good impedance for a microphone? A professional or “good” mic output impedance is in the range of 50 Ω – 500 Ω, though some pro mics have impedances slightly outside this range. So long as the output impedance is much lower (1/10th or less) than the load impedance, it is considered good! How does impedance affect mic? Microphone signals are AC voltages. Impedance is the “AC resistance” of audio signal voltages. Impedance controls the flow of the audio signal. In order for a mic signal to travel optimally, the microphone output impedance must “match” or “bridge” the input impedance (load impedance) of its mic preamp. Is low impedance better for microphone? A major advantage of low impedance mics is their ability to drive very long cables. A cable like Belden 8412 can be run 437′ with a 150 ohm microphone with a very slight loss (1 dB) at 10,000 Hertz. Low impedance, balanced lines are the best option when high quality sound is important. How do you measure the impedance of a microphone? When measuring the impedance of the microphone using a multimeter, place on probe on one terminal of the microphone and the other probe on the other terminal of the microphone. Because we’re measuring resistance, or impedance, polarity doesn’t matter, so it doesn’t matter which probe is on which terminal. Does higher impedance mean better sound? High impedance is better because it delivers superior sound quality. However, low impedance equipment is more suitable for casual listening on phones or laptops. High impedance equipment is geared towards professional use or audiophiles because they require bulky special equipment. What is the difference between high Z and low-Z? The real difference between high- and low-Z microphone cable types is the number of wires inside the cable. High-Z cables use two-conductor cables (positive and ground), and low-Z cables use three-conductor cables (positive, neutral and ground). Is 600 ohms low or high impedance? A microphone rated at 150 ohms to 300 ohms is considered low impedance. About 600 to 2000 ohms is medium impedance, and 10,000 ohms or more is high impedance. Is mic level high impedance? Output Impedance As you may know, electrical audio signals are AC voltages. Microphones typically come with an output impedance of less than 200 ohms. Such low impedances allow for very long cable runs without sound degradation. When working with microphones The term impedance is? Simply put, impedance is a kind of AC resistance. Microphones typically come with an output impedance of less than 200 ohms. Such low impedances allow for very long cable runs without sound degradation. What is audio input impedance? In audio devices, impedance is the measure of the resistance of a circuit to alternating current (audio signal). It’s measured in Ohms. The “Z” symbol represents impedance. All audio equipment that receives an input and has an output will have impedance measurements, namely input, and output impedances. What is the difference between high Z and low Z? At what impedance should I get an amp? While there are no hard or fast rules, if your headphones have an impedance of, say, 50 ohms or higher, a headphone amplifier is probably a good idea — we would consider you to be in the need camp. If your cans are below 32 ohms, they’ll work fine with virtually any consumer audio device. Is a microphone an input or output? Microphones: Microphones, as an input, tend to produce an output signal that is picked up and either combined with video or outputted to speakers. Some microphones do not produce output signals and, like video cameras, save the audio onto the device storage. What is microphone impedance for PC microphones? The typical impedance of the PC soundcard microphone input is in order of 1 to 20 kohms (can vary from card to card). The microphone type which works best with computer sound cards is the electret microphone. What is the impedance of a microphone? One important characteristic of a microphone is its output impedance. This is a measurement of the AC resistance looking back into the microphone. Generally, microphones can be divided into low (50–1,000 ohms), medium (5,000–15,000 ohms) and high (20,000+ ohms) impedance. Most Audio-Technica microphones are rated low-impedance. What is input and output impedance? The output impedance is the ratio of change in output voltage to change in load current. Power supply input and output impedance are used to verify the supply’s stability and dynamic performance when subjected to various loads. Output impedance is what is seen when looking into the power supply circuitry from the output end.

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Where was Reggae Music originated? Reports are that is was born in the backyard of a Rasta man name Ras Cardo in small community in name Trench Town, Kingston, Jamaica. This is the same community Bob Marley sang about in his hit single "Trench Town Rock". How can one differentiate reggae from another genre of music? It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat, and the offbeat rhythm section. One of the most easily recognizable elements is its offbeat rhythms, chords played by a guitar or piano (or both) on the offbeats of the measure. Its BPM (Beats per minutes) starts from around 60-80 beats per minute. The bass sound in reggae is thick, heavy and equalized so the upper frequencies are removed and the lower frequencies emphasized. The guitar in reggae usually plays on the offbeat of the rhythm. It is common for reggae to be sung in Jamaican Patois, Jamaican English, and Iyaric financially. The tempo of reggae is usually slower paced than ska but faster than Rocksteady. It's documented that Reggae Music was originated from Ska Music and Rocksteady music. Bob Marley is said to have claimed that the word reggae came from a Spanish term for "the king's music". Some historian are also saying that the word "Reggae" came from Toots and The Maytel's song "Do The Reggae". The immediate origins of reggae are in ska and Rocksteady, from the latter, reggae took over the use of the bass as a percussion instrument. Where is the Word Reggae Originated? - A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals, "Do the Reggay" was the first popular song to use the word "reggae," effectively naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. Who Really Created Reggae music? Click here to read more Some key players in the origin of reggae music are Jackie Jackson from Toots and the Maytals, Carlton Barrett from Bob Marley and the Wailers, Lloyd Brevett from The Skatalites, Paul Douglas from Toots and the Maytals, Lloyd Knibb from The Skatalites, Winston Grennan, Sly Dunbar, and Anthony "Benbow" Creary from The Upsetters. The genre is very popular amongst the Rastafarian community in Jamaica and relates to news, Love, social gossip, Social commentary, and political comment. When one speaks of this great genre of music (Reggae), the name Bob Marley is the first thing that comes to mind. Bob Marley is credited as the man who helped to actually propel reggae music to the world. The 1990s into the late 2000s, Reggae Music was pushed onto the back burner in Jamaica, this was due to the huge popularity of Dancehall Music, a sub-genre of reggae. Which was originated in the late 1970s to early 1980s. Dancehall Music is a spin-off of reggae music, it also helps the influences the origins of Hip Hop Music. In 2012 a new generation of artists decided that it was time for Reggae to be placed back on the front burner. Some of these artists are Chronixx, Protoje, Agent Sasco, Jesse Royal, The Marley Brothers Damian Marley and Stephen Marley, Jah 9, Keznamdi, Dre Island, Bugle, Iba Mahr, Koffee, Sevana and Nesbeth are some of the main players on the reggae revival train. Europe and Asia - The European market was still ablaze with reggae music to the point where a number of Reggae festivals started popping up all over Europe.

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Exercise advice on food labels 'triggering' for people with eating disorders A new study has claimed that telling people how much exercise they need to do to burn off food and drink could encourage people to make healthier choices. The findings suggest that exercise advice could be more effective than simply listing the calories. Physical activity calorie equivalent or expenditure (Pace) food labelling tells people how many minutes of exercise they would need to do to burn off the calories in a particular product. The Royal Society for Public Health has called for Pace labelling to replace the current system, which just lists calories and nutritional content. The authors said current labels only have a limited effect on changing eating behaviours because many people don’t understand the meaning of calories or fat levels in terms of energy balance. However, mental health advocate Hope Virgo – who had anorexia from the age of 13 – says the proposal is ‘dangerous’ and could have huge implications for people who have or are recovering from an eating disorder. ‘It is appalling,’ Hope tells Metro.co.uk. ‘Extremely triggering for people with eating disorders, yes, but it also goes wider than this. ‘We are creating a society terrified of food and feeling hungry. I was obsessed with exercise with my eating disorder and it was something I had to do all the time. It nearly killed me. ‘Plus, people with obesity might have an eating disorder and we are not taking in to account that in the slightest, but often just assuming they are lazy. We need to educate people more broadly on this.’ The researchers – from Loughborough University – say the new labelling system could shave off up to around 200 calories per person each day on average, if widely applied. They say this could help prevent obesity, as regular over-consumption of small amounts of calories is a key contributing factor. But Hope is convinced – from personal experience – that this kind of system could be really harmful for vulnerable people. ‘If I saw this in a shop I would get panicked and anxious,’ she adds. ‘We learn the calories of everything, imagine if we then learnt the amount exercise we need to do for everything we eat. ‘We are all different sizes too, so surely we all need to do different amounts of exercise.’ The authors said the effects of Pace labelling could vary according to context, with marketing, time constraints and price all likely to affect choices. ‘Public health agencies may want to consider the possibility of including policies to promote (it) as a strategy that contributes to the prevention and treatment of obesity and related diseases,’ wrote the authors. ‘We welcome this new research which builds the case for introducing activity equivalent food labelling,’ adds Duncan Stephenson, deputy chief executive of the Royal Society for Public Health. ‘Our own research showed that using this type of labelling did make people think twice about the calories they were consuming, and when compared with other forms of labelling, people were over three times more likely to indicate that they would undertake physical activity. ‘We would like to see further research to test if the effect on calorie consumption is sustained when Pace labelling is applied in other settings such as restaurants and supermarkets.’ If you need to talk to somebody about your mental health or concerns about an eating disorder contact BEAT Charity: 0808 801 0677. Source: Read Full Article

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Keeping vulnerable adults safe from abuse Everyone has the right to live a life free of abuse and neglect. What is abuse? Abuse is a very broad term that can take different forms and can occur in different environments and circumstances. - Domestic abuse – includes psychological, physical, sexual, financial and emotional abuse within a relationship or family - Sexual abuse - including rape, indecent exposure, sexual harassment - Self-neglect –neglecting to care for personal hygiene, health or surroundings and includes behaviour such as hoarding. - Discriminatory abuse – harassment or slurs because of race, gender/gender identity, age, disability, sexual orientation and religion. - Organisational abuse – neglect and poor practice within a care setting such as a hospital or care home, or in relation to care in a person's home. - Physical abuse – involves assault, slapping, hitting, pushing etc. - Psychological abuse – includes emotional abuse, intimidation or control etc. - Financial or material abuse – includes theft, coercion in relation to an adult’s financial affairs, scams, misappropriation of property etc. Abuse can happen anywhere – in a residential/nursing home, hospital, workplace, day centre, in a person's home or in the street. The person abusing could be a family member, friend, neighbour, volunteer, carer or a professional. If you or the person you care for are experiencing or are at risk of abuse you should: - in an emergency ring the Police on tel: 999 - in a non emergency ring the Police on tel: 101 - contact Derbyshire County Council on tel: 01629 533190 if the person being abused is a child or a vulnerable adult. If it's out-of-hours and you need to speak to someone urgently contact tel: 01629 532600 - If the abuse is being carried out by a professional/paid worker please see the 'abuse by care providers' section below. There are also local and national organisations who can offer support and advice. These are listed on the Derbyshire County Council website. Abuse and carers In some cases carers are abused by the person they care for. If this is happening to you it's important that you seek help before things get any worse. If you urgently need help, use the numbers listed above. Alternatively you could use a telephone helpline to get independent advice, such as the Samaritans on tel: 116 123. On the other hand, as a carer you may be at risk of unintentionally abusing the person you care for due to reaching crisis point though tiredness or stress. If you are struggling and need help you can contact Adult Care using the numbers above. You may be able to access support to make your caring role easier to manage. Under the Care Act 2014, Derbyshire County Council (and all other local authorities in the UK who provide social care) has a responsibility to make enquiries into a situation where abuse of a vulnerable adult is suspected, and determine whether any action needs to be taken. This is called safeguarding and is carried out in conjunction with the police, health and other partners. Safeguarding duties apply to any adult who: - Has care and support needs (whether or not Derbyshire County Council is meeting any of those needs) AND - is experiencing, or at risk of, abuse or neglect AND - As a result of those care and support needs is unable to protect themselves from either the risk of, the experience of abuse or neglect. An adult could be vulnerable to abuse because they have disability, illness or condition, are frail because of their age or have mental ill health. You can find out more about safeguarding on the Safer Derbyshire website or by reading the 'Keeping Adults Safe' leaflet. You can order a paper copy of the leaflet using the Adult Care leaflet order form. Spotting if the person you care for is suffering abuse - advice for carers If you don't live with the person you help to care for, it's not always easy to tell if they are being abused. It's important to know the signs of abuse so you can take action to stop it from happening. Behavioural signs of abuse in an person include them: - becoming quiet and withdrawn - being aggressive or angry for no obvious reason - looking unkempt, dirty or thinner than usual - sudden changes in their normal character, such as appearing helpless, depressed or tearful - physical signs of abuse, such as bruises, wounds, fractures and other untreated injuries Other signs to watch out for include a sudden change in their finances, not having as much money as usual to pay for shopping or regular outings, or getting into debt. Or you may notice that their home lacks heat, is unusually dirty or untidy, or you might notice things missing. These signs could mean the person is being financially abused. What to do if you think the person you care for is being abused If you feel someone you know is showing signs of abuse, talk to them to see if there's anything you can do to help. However, they may not want to talk about it because they're afraid of making the situation worse. Don't ignore your concerns, though. That could allow any abuse to carry on or escalate. Don't promise the person you won't tell anyone what you've heard. If a vulnerable adult is being abused or neglected, it's important to find help for them and stop the harm. If the person tells you that they have been abused or neglected, ask them what they'd like you to do. Let them know who can help them. Offer to seek some help on their behalf if they are worried or if it's difficult for them to do so themselves. Report the abuse to the appropriate place using the contacts on this page (below). There are also local and national organisations who can offer advice about keeping safe - many are listed on the Derbyshire County Council website. Abuse by care providers If you think the person you care for is being abused, or has been abused, by a paid carer or professional you should report the abuse to: - the Police on tel: 101 or, if it's an emergency, tel: 999 - Derbyshire County Council on tel: 01629 533190 - the manager of the care or health service provider. It could be a one-off incident of abuse or ongoing ill treatment but you should still report it to stop it happening again. If appropriate, Derbyshire County Council Adult Care will start a safeguarding investigation. The ‘Keeping Adults Safe’ leaflet has further information about what Derbyshire County Council will do and what will happen if you report organisational abuse. The important thing to note is that the Council will make sure that the person you care for continues to receive the same level of care and is kept safe while the investigation is going on. The Council will work with you, the person you care for and any other agencies or people involved, to draw up a joint plan that will keep the person safe as possible in the future. If the person you care for lives outside Derbyshire, their local authority will have similar procedures. You may also be interested in advice on making a complaint. Have your say on safeguarding processes The Derbyshire Safeguarding Adults Board is a multi-agency forum to provide joint strategic leadership in preventing, detecting and safeguarding adults from abuse in Derbyshire. The Board is made up of Derbyshire County Council Adult Care, Derbyshire Constabularly, NHS (both services and commissioners), Derbyshire Fire and Rescue and other partners who work with vulnerable adults. The board are keen to get the views of people who've been involved in safeguarding procedures to see where and how they can improve their services. This includes collecting the views of carers who've experienced having a loved one the focus of a safeguarding investigation. If you'd like to share your views (good or bad) about safeguarding procedures and processes in Derbyshire, please email: [email protected] Safer Derbyshire is a partnership of organisations in Derbyshire who provide services to help keep people safe. The partners include Derbyshire County Council, Derbyshire Police, Derbyshire Fire and Rescue, district and borough councils, health commissioners and voluntary sector organisations. The partners provide safety information including: - home security - scams and fraud - online safety - hate crime - anti-social behaviour - fire safety - domestic abuse You can refer yourself for advice about scams, rogue traders, home security and fire safety using the First Contact Signposting Scheme. Other helpful websites - NHS Choices - abuse and neglect of vulnerable adults - Safer Derbyshire - general information - Derbyshire Police - safeguarding adults - Derbyshire Safeguarding app - iTunes - Derbyshire Safeguarding app - Google Play Store Carer Listening Events 10… Southern Derbyshire Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) have arrange a series of Carers Listening Events across… 17 Sep 17 Public Talk with NHS Leaders… NHS Leaders from Derbyshire Community Health Services Foundation Trust are inviting members of the public to attend a talk… Arena Church, 1 Rutland…

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Christians have worshipped on the site of the present church of St Mary Magdalene for nearly 800 years – the first chapel having been built in around 1220. The church was entirely rebuilt in the period 1487-1506, no doubt the result of the increased importance and prosperity of the village after the Earl of Richmond (in Yorkshire) took the throne, becoming Henry VII, and began to use the royal palace of Sheen. During this period the palace itself was also rebuilt and, in 1501, renamed Richmond. The only survival from this time is the two bottom sections of the TOWER (up to the clock chamber), including the WEST DOORWAY, the window above, and the arch leading from the tower into the chancel. The third stage (the bell chamber) was added in 1624 and the whole re-faced in flint to match the new east end building in 1904. The NORTH AISLE was added in 1699. The Tudor NAVE and a SOUTH AISLE that had been added in c.1614 were rebuilt in 1750 in a matching Georgian classical style. The iron window frames replaced ‘ricketty lead lights’ in 1850. A scheme of alterations carried out in 1864-6 (architect A.W.Blomfield) included replacing a plaster ceiling over the nave with the present open timber roof, new galleries entered from staircases in new north and south porches, and replacing the old box pews with the present bench pews. The north and south galleries were soon taken down in the next major scheme undertaken in 1903-4 (architect George F. Bodley) when the small Tudor chancel was replaced by an entire new east end comprising vestry, CHANCEL and two CHAPELS in a neo-gothic style. The last major change was the removal of the west gallery in 1935-6.

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Even in this line of work, it’s not often we get to drive something truly revolutionary. Although the Honda Clarity Fuel Cell is about as futuristic as cars come nowadays, the concept itself isn’t really all that new – at least not to Honda. The company built experimental fuel-cell cars as far back as the late 1990s, then introduced the small, hatchback-shaped 2003 FCX as its first fuel-cell vehicle for commercial use. A major milestone was cleared a couple of years later when a similar FCX became the first fuel-cell vehicle to be leased to consumers (albeit in very small numbers). With the FCX Clarity of 2008, the company went “mainstream,” producing a 4-passenger midsize sedan that could easily suffice as a family vehicle – as long as that family lived in California (the only state so far where fuel-cell cars are offered) near one of the handful of hydrogen refueling stations then dotting the Sunshine State. But I drove an FCX Clarity back then, and aside from a constant faint background whine from its fuel-cell stack, it was amazingly like driving any other electric car. “Any other electric car?” you might ask? Yes. Because in essence, a fuel-cell car is simply an electric car that uses a fuel-cell stack instead of a large battery pack to supply electric power to the motors. And what feeds the fuel-cell stack is a large tank of hydrogen stored under high pressure. (Also note that Honda is expected to bring out pure electric and plug-in hybrid versions of the Clarity later this year.) In actuality, a fuel-call car also has a small battery – about the same size as one in a conventional hybrid car – but the long-range power comes from the fuel-cell stack. In the redesigned 2017 Clarity (this generation drops the former “FCX” prefix), the battery has a capacity of 1.7 kWh – about the same as that in the Honda Accord Hybrid – whereas the battery in most electric cars ranges from 16 kWh to 100 kWh. One point in favor of a fuel-cell car is range. The new Clarity can go an EPA-estimated 366 miles on a full tank of hydrogen, whereas electric cars with the aforementioned batteries can only go about 60 to 300 miles. And recharging those batteries takes a rather long time; how much varies a lot depending on whether they’re being charged on a Level 1 (normal 110-volt household outlet), Level 2, or Level 3 charger (the latter being somewhat rare) and how much charge needs to be replenished. But figure on gaining about 4 miles of range per hour of charge on Level 1, 10 miles per hour of charge on Level 2, and about 80 miles per half-hour on Level 3. But completely filling the Clarity’s hydrogen tank from empty only takes about five minutes. And the only “emission” from a fuel-cell car is a small amount of water … which California needs anyway. The disadvantage is that the fuel-cell stack requires the aforementioned hydrogen to fuel a conversion process that produces electricity, and hydrogen is not exactly a commonly available gas. Right now, there are only about 25 public hydrogen fueling stations in California (nearly all of them around Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay Area) and virtually none anywhere else in the country. However, the number in California is expected to grow substantially over the next few years, and several more are due to be added in some northeastern states. But it’s going to be a long time before people can “fill ‘er up” at virtually any corner station as they can with a gasoline car, and certainly not in their garage, as they can with an electric car. Also, hydrogen is not cheap. Although prices are expected to drop significantly as use rises, right now, even a fuel-cell car as efficient as the Clarity costs about 21 cents per mile for fuel. That equates to a gas car that only gets about 14 mpg on $3/gallon gasoline. But that’s part of the beauty of the Honda Clarity: The fuel is essentially free. Because when you lease the car, you get a hydrogen-only credit card loaded with $15,000, which Honda estimates should take you all the way through your 3-year lease at the maximum of 20,000 miles per year. Plus there are other freebies. Honda will cover the insurance on the car (though not the liability portion), and will include 21 days of a rental car over the 3-year lease period (in case the leasee wants to take a long drive out of the state). And although the lease requires $2868 down, the state of California will rebate you $5000, which means you’ll actually come out about $2000 ahead. Thus the lease of $369/month – about what you’d pay on a $30,000 car – ends up being a relative bargain. And in most ways, the Clarity compares favorably to your average $30,000 car. It’s nearly identical in size – both inside and out – to a current Honda Accord sedan, though some trunk space is sacrificed to the large hydrogen tank, as are fold-down rear seat backs. But the interior is nicely trimmed and offers a generous amount of storage space, visibility is quite good all around, it’s impressively quiet (about like any other electric car, as the former whine has been almost entirely eliminated), and it comes “loaded,” with an extensive list of features that leaves little to be desired. It also rides and handles very well, and though throttle response is not quite as strong as it is with most electric vehicles, it’s on par with that of most 4-cylinder sedans. What it comes down to is that – right now – a fuel-cell car isn’t a viable cost proposition if it had to stand on its own. (The Clarity’s MSRP is just under $60,000, which probably doesn’t come close to covering the true cost of building the car.) But companies like Honda subsidize them to the point that they’re relative bargains, because having them out in public hands not only provides valuable “real world” test experience, it gives the company positive exposure. And though the general feeling is that it will be some time before fuel-cell cars become commonplace – and even longer before they become the norm – fuel cells are considered an important supplement to gas, diesel, and pure electric propulsion in the 20-year timeframe, and have considerable appeal as a primary source of power further down the road. Honda estimates that only about 900 people will be able to lease a Clarity this year, probably far fewer than would like to. But if it suits your needs – and you’re lucky enough to be among the chosen few – you, too, can drive something truly revolutionary.

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Several studies have associated the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis with worldwide anuran population declines. Recently, six species have been reported to be infected by chytridiomycosis in Brazil, presenting a wide range of distribution, of about 2,400 km over the Atlantic Forest. However, in a country such as Brazil, information about this disease is still beginning to accumulate. Based on morphological and histological data, we found evidence of B. dendrobatidis infection in 16 Brazilian anuran species, members of the families Cycloramphidae and Hylidae. We analyzed tadpoles lacking teeth that were collected from 1964 to 2005, to seek for chytridiomycosis. Our results extend the distribution of the fungus in Brazil ca. 630 km southward (straight-line distance), reaching the southernmost limits of the Atlantic rainforest. We also speculate about its distribution in the Cerrado and Pantanal. You have requested a machine translation of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Neither BioOne nor the owners and publishers of the content make, and they explicitly disclaim, any express or implied representations or warranties of any kind, including, without limitation, representations and warranties as to the functionality of the translation feature or the accuracy or completeness of the translations. Translations are not retained in our system. Your use of this feature and the translations is subject to all use restrictions contained in the Terms and Conditions of Use of the BioOne website. Vol. 1 • No. 3

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(2) Wealth and Failed Companions (18:23–24) 23 The proverb turns from the intimate relationship of husband and wife to the polar relationships of rich and poor. In the Hebrew text the chiastic, antithetic parallels, marked by but place in their inner core the topics the undeservedly poor person (see 13:8) versus the materially, but spiritually poor, rich person (see 1:28; 10:15; 14:20; 15:28; 18:11). In the central position occur the complementary verbs speaks (see 2:12) and answers (1:28; 15:28; 16:1) and in the outer frame the antithetical adverbs pleadingly (taḥanűnîm) and brazenly (ʿazzôt). Taḥanűnîm derives from the root hnn, “to be gracious,” “show favor,” and means in essence “cries for favor.” “Taḥanűnîm are the expressions of a mind beset with terror which do not have established formulations.” 49 By contrast, ʿaz, which usually means, “strong, powerful, mightily,” can also mean, “fierce,” (or “insolent,” “impudent,” “shameless” (cf. Deut. 28:50; Dan 8:23). 50 The line between strong and shameless is often attenuated. In the former sense it may connote “unyielding” (Song 8:6). It is parallel to “cruel” (qšh) with anger (Gen. 49) both with reference to a king (Isa. 49:17) and to “ruthless” (ʿārîṣ) with reference to a nations (Isa. 25:3). Other proverbs condemned the rich person for making the wealth his “strong” city (10:15; 18:11); this one implicitly censors him for his “strong” (i.e., shameless, unyielding) response to the poor man’s cries and brushing him aside (see 14:20–21). These are not unrelated. Since the rich person’s own sense of security depends on his wealth, not on the LORD, he must defend “his city” against their cries. The poor have no choice but to speak pleadingly, but the rich have an option how to answer and so are accountable. A Jewish proverb says: “in order to chase away beggars one needs a rich person.” 51 By contrast, God hears the pleas of the needy (Pss. 28:2, 6; 34:6, 15; 116:1), and the New Testament teaches that only the merciful obtain mercy (Matt 5:7). Once again a proverb links poverty with innocence and prosperity with baseness (see I: 108). 24 The proverb now focuses on the relationship of companions. Its antithetical parallelism draws a line between the topics, companions (i.e., run-of-the-mill friends) versus a true friend, and their respective predicates “about to be shattered” versus “who sticks closer than a brother.” This last, imprecise antithesis implies the man of typical “friends” is about to be ruined because he lacks one true friend in adversity; and the man with one true friend is not about to be ruined. 52 Ecclesiasticus (6:10) puts the contrast this way: “There is a friend who is a table companion, but will not stand by you in your day of trouble.” A person who has unreliable companions glosses the unique expression ʾîš rēʿîm (lit., “a person of neighbors,” see 3:28). Rēaʿ and is glossed “neighbor,” “another,” or “companion” when it refers to a neutral or somewhat negative relationship and by “friend” when it refers to a positive relationship (17:17; 22:11; 27:9f., 14[?]). In 17:17; 22:11 “the friend” is qualified by ʾōhēb, (“a lover [i.e. a true friend]”). The absolute plural found here is used four other times: of superficial sexual partners (Jer. 3:1) versus true ones (Song 5:1), of companions attracted to wealth (19:4); and of falsely denounced neighbors (Job 17:5). Here also companions (i.e., partners who fail to come through in adversity) are in view. (1) With them one is on the verge of being shattered. (2) They are contrasted with the ʾōhēb (the singular true friend), cf. 17:17; 22:11. (3) The rēʿîm rabbîm in 19:4, 6, which also belong to this unit, are also pseudo for they rally to the rich and abandon the poor. (4) This interpretation admirably suits the next unit warning against the folly of hastening after money. The person who has these fair weather friends is a rich person according to 19:6, linking verse 24 to verse 23. The gloss about to be (or is soon) broken (lehitrōʿēaʿ see n. 6 ) is disputed. II r′ʿ in Qal is used of breaking iron and bronze (Jer. 15:12) and twice of shattering enemies (Ps. 2:9; Job 34:24) and in its other use in Hithpael, of the earth being rent asunder (Isa. 24:19). Thus the lemma connotes a being shattered, being broken into pieces, and, f the many synonyms for “to destroy, was probably chosen for its assonance with rēaʾ. 53 The infinitive construct with le signifies an event that is ready to happen (see 17:17). Proverbs 25:19 likens the fair-weather friend to an unreliable bad tooth and a lame foot, and 11:13; 25:9 shows that misplaced trust can be misused in gossip (11:13; 25:9). But (we) contrasts that situation with there is (see 3:28) a friend (see 14:20). One who sticks (dabeq) mixes both an essentially psychological stative notion of clinging with the activity of adhering tightly to someone or something (cf. Deut. 4:4), so closely that even death could not separate (Ruth 1:14–17). 54 The comparative closer than a brother (meʾah, see 18:19) uses the blood relative as a basis of comparison for sticking to someone through thick and thin but which the subject has to an even greater degree (see 17:17). 55 Economic survival was precarious in ancient Israel, and one needed the “insurance” of a true friend. One also needed such a friend in court. The similar proverb in 17:17 shares with this proverb three key words, “friend” (ʿōhēb and rēaʿ) and “brother” (ʿāḥ). A friend more loyal than a brother is needed because even a brother inwardly “hates” a poor relative (19:7). The friend in view is a wise person who belongs to the community of the faithful and/or possibly God. The significance of friends is found in their quality, not quantity. Thus, the proverb implicitly warns the disciple against pursuing wealth and having pseudo-friends, or of belonging to their company, but exhorts him to pursue wisdom and pick his friends among the wise (cf. 12:26; 13:20; 22:24; 28:7; 29:3). The friend whose loyalty transcends the solidarity of blood is realized in Jesus Christ (cf. John 15:12–15; Heb. 2:11, 14–18). 6 The Targ., Syr., Vulg. either misunderstood lhtrʿʿ or read lhtrʿôt from II rʿh (“to make oneself a companion,” see 22:24): “there are friends to be companions” (i.e., social fellows for sociable occasions). Vulg. rendered it by ad societam: vir amiculus ad societam magis amicus erit quam frater (“an amiable man will be a greater friend than a brother”), an obviously free paraphrase based on a misunderstanding of the verse. The Hexapla (Field, Orig. Hex. 2.349) reads anēr hetairion tou etaireusasthai (“a man of companionships [is a man] for getting companions”). KJV renders, “a man that hath friends must show himself friendly.” G. R. Driver (“Problems in the Hebrew Text of Proverbs,” Bib 183), to avoid altering the MT, derives the same meaning from the Hebr. rűaʿ (“to shout”) in the weakened sense of Syr. “chattering,” so that the clause may be glossed, “a man of (many) friends (is a friend only) for chattering together.” NRSV reads, “some friends play at friendship.” However, this is not the meaning of the Hithpolel of rʿʿ, the Aramaic equivalent of rṣṣ (“to be broken asunder,” see F. Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Proverbs of Solomon. M. G. Easton, trans. [Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, n.d.], p. 278; BDB, p. 950; s.v. II rʿʿ; HALOT 3.1270, s.v. II rʿʿ), probably in the sense of either “makes himself to be broken” by acting against himself or, more probably, “made to be broken” by an unspecified agent. The inf. cstr. with lamed probably has its immanent sense (IBHS, p. 610, p. 36.2.3g; GKC 114i). 52 In ʾîš rēʿîm lehitrōʿēaʿ weyēš ʿōhēb dābēq meʾâ note the assonance of /ē/ in six of its seven words; the loose sequence of gutturals ʿ, h, ʿ; and the alliteration between rēʿîm lehitrōʿēaʿ. 53 E.g., cf. The NIV Exhaustive Concordance, E. W. Goodrick and J. R., Kohlenberger III (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House), s.v. “destroy.” Note the sequence of consonants /r ʿ/ in rʿ ym lhtrʿʿ. 54 IBHS, p. 369, p. 22.3k. 55 IBHS, p. 264, p. 14.4d.

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New study into performances of Bach reveals classical music is speeding up 30 October 2018, 10:08 Classical music performances are taken at a greater lick than they were 50 years ago, according to the findings of a new study by Universal Music Group. The study, which examined recordings of Johann Sebastian Bach’s work, has found some pieces are now performed almost 30 per cent quicker than half a century ago. Recordings of the same piece of music from more recent decades were played more quickly, making the performances shorter. The news follows a study published in Musicae Scientiae, the Journal of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music in 2017, which found pop songs are getting faster, as listeners’ attention spans get shorter and streaming services like Spotify grow more popular. In the new study, researchers from Universal Music Group labels Deutsche Grammophon and Decca investigated three recordings of Bach’s famous Double Violin Concerto. The earliest recording, by David Oistrakh and Igor Oistrakh, is from 1961 and lasts 17 minutes. A later recording from 1978 is just over 15 minutes, while the most recent recording from 2016 lasts around 12 minutes. That’s nearly five minutes quicker overall (a minute per decade) – and an almost 30 per cent reduction. Music scholar Sir Nicholas Kenyon said: “We seem to prefer transparent, light, bright sound and it works with the work of many composers including Bach, Handel and Mozart. “It’s a basic change in taste from the rather weighty concert style of previous years towards something that is more light, airy and flexible.” The research coincides with BACH 333, a 222-CD box set celebrating 333 years since the birth of J.S. Bach. The box set, which includes over 280 hours of music, will be the biggest composer project in history. BACH 333 has been developed with the help of 32 record labels and a team of scholars at the Leipzig Bach Archive.

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New research led by the University of Reading has revealed that finds at Glastonbury Abbey provide the earliest archaeological evidence of glass-making in Britain. Professor Roberta Gilchrist, from the Department of Archaeology, has re-examined the records of excavations that took place at Glastonbury in the 1950s and 1960s. Glass furnaces recorded in 1955-7 were previously thought to date from before the Norman Conquest. However, radiocarbon dating has now revealed that they date approximately to the 680s, and are likely to be associated with a major rebuilding of the abbey undertaken by King Ine of Wessex. Glass-making at York and Wearmouth is recorded in historical documents in the 670s but Glastonbury provides the earliest and most substantial archaeological evidence for glass-making in Saxon Britain. Click here to read this article from Medievalists.net

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By Alan Smith Everyone knows about Charles Lindbergh and his 1927 flight from Long Island NY to Paris, but there were others that took on the Atlantic challenge and he was not the first to cross the Atlantic. The London Daily Mail had put up a fifty thousand dollar prize for the first non-stop crossing by air, and a number of pilots had their eye on that. The first actual Atlantic crossing had been made by a U.S. Navy NC-4 Curtiss flying boat in early 1919, but it was far from non-stop and took weeks with engine and navigation problems. In June of 1919, two British teams were at St John’s, Newfoundland with converted biplane bombers. They had shipped the planes over to Newfoundland to attempt West to East crossings with prevailing winds as a tailwind. Harry G. Hawker and McKenzie Grieve planned to try with a Handley-Page bomber powered by four Rolls Royce engines, while John Alcock and navigator Arthur W, Brown were preparing a Vickers Vimy twin-engined bomber that had been built too late to be used in WW I. Both crews, of course, were thirsting for the Daily Mail prize, and both were making preparations at Lester’s Field near St John’s. One problem at Lester’s Field was the quality of water there. It was heavy in mineral content and contained lots of sediment. The Handley-Page crew thought they had a radiator problem in cooling the Rolls Royce engines, but Alcock realized it was the water. He had the water both filtered and distilled to clear it. It was the failure to take similar action that brought the big Handley-Page down in the Atlantic with clogged radiators and badly overheated engines. Fortunately, Hawker and Grieve were able to find a ship and ditch near it. They were rescued by boat, but the Berlin Bomber was lost as the ship had no equipment with which to lift it aboard. Not that Alcock and Brown had an easy time of it. Far from it. They took off from Lester’s field on June 14 with a full load of fuel (the bomb bay had been fitted with fuel tanks) for a non-stop flight to Ireland and before long found themselves in cloud and icing conditions. Alcock had to climb out between the wings six times to hang on to a strut with one hand and use the other to clear ice from the engines’ air intakes. On other occasions, he flew extremely low over heavy seas in the north Atlantic, hoping to find warmer air to melt ice that also formed on the wings. After 16.5 hours in the air, they found themselves over Ireland and spotted what looked like a smooth, grassy field near Clifden that would make a good place to land. Unfortunately the field turned out to be a bog. They had removed the nose wheel from the landing gear to save weight, and when the Vickers Vimy touched down and the main gear dug into the muddy bog, the airplane nosed over and planted the nose in the mud too. A very unceremonious arrival after successfully making the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic! Locals saw them come in and gathered around and asked them where they had come from. When they reported that they had just flown the Atlantic, everyone burst into laughter. Their welcoming group thought Alcock and Brown were joking. Both men were celebrated throughout England. They were knighted by King George V, received the Northcliffe prized from then secretary of war Winston Churchill, and got to tell their tale at numerous dinner parties. Sadly, Alcock lost his life in a crash in December 1919. Navigator Brown never flew again, perhaps thinking he had exhausted his lifetime supply of good luck, and lived until the late 1940s. Interestingly, in May 1919, a hotelier in New York offered a $25,000 prize for the first flight from Paris to New York or the reverse. His name was Raymond Orteig. He was French, and had looked on with a little envy at all the transatlantic aviation activity centered in both England and the United States. He was hoping that he could encourage a French aviator to accomplish the trip he proposed. It was this prize that was won by another American, Charles Lindbergh, when he made his famous 33 hour flight in 1927 from New York to Paris in a single seat monoplane designed in San Diego by Claude Ryan. It was named The Spirit of St. Louis in honor of Lindbergh’s sponsors. The oceans of the world continued their magnetism in the growing world of aviation. Now the vast Pacific came into the picture and one event led to disaster. James D. Dole, of Hawaiian pineapple fame, decided to hold an air race across the Pacific. He offered $25,000 for first place and $10,000 for second. The prizes were for the first two fixed wing aircraft to make the 2400 mile flight from Oakland to Honolulu. Two pilots and their navigators were quick to take a shot at the money. Lester Maitland and Albert Hegenberger made it out to Hawaii in a tri-motor Fokker C-2 Army plane, and landed at Wheeler Army Airfield. Then Ernie Smith and Emory Bronte made the trip in a Travel Air 5000. They ran out of fuel over Molokai and crashed landed in a thorn tree. Both were disqualified because they did not land in Honolulu. There was a total of fifteen entrants for the Dole Air Derby and a drawing for starting positions was scheduled for August 8, 1927 and held at the San Francisco office of the California director of the National Aeronautics Association. The starting date was set for August 16. As the contestants began to head for Oakland, trouble was right with them. Two U.S. Navy Lieutenants, George D. Covell and R.S. Waggener, were killed on the way up from San Diego when they ran into fog and hit a seaside cliff. Arthur Rogers was killed during a test flight at Montebello CA. Auggy Pedlar with Mildred Doran and navigator Manley Lawling made a forced landing in a San Joaquin Valley wheat field with engine trouble. Lack of tools on board delayed repairs but they finally made it into Oakland. Then, on August 11, J.L. Giffen and Theodore S. Lundgren were on approach to Oakland when their International CF-10 Triplane crashed in San Francisco Bay. Luckily they were not injured. By the starting date of August 16, the field had shrunk to eight and problems continued. The Oklahoma took off but gave up over San Francisco and returned. Auggy Pedlar attempted a takeoff in Miss Doran but engine problems persisted and he came back to Oakland after ten minutes of flight. There were two crashes on takeoff for Pabco Flyer and El Encanto without crew injuries. Pabco Flyer was repaired but crashed again on a second attempt. Both Woolarock and Aloha got off without trouble, as did Golden Eagle. Then Dallas Spirit had to return to Oakland. Pedlar finally got Miss Doran running right and they got off and headed out to sea. Twenty six hours and 17 minutes later, Arthur Goebel and William Davis in Woolarock were the first to reach Honolulu. Just two hours behind them were Martin Jensen and Paul Schluter in Aloha. Sadly, no one else reached Hawaii. Miss Doran and Golden Eagle were lost somewhere in the Pacific. Three U.S. submarines carried out a search but found nothing. Dallas Spirit had been repaired and had left for Honolulu and William Erwin and Alex Eichwaldt said they would join the search. Unfortunately they, too, vanished and were never seen again. The multiple loss of life cast a shroud of gloom over the Dole family. Five pilots and their navigators had been killed in crashes or lost at sea. The Dole Air Derby was never held again. The Pacific was finally crossed completely non stop in 1931 by Clyde Pangborn and Hugh Herndon in a Bellanca Skyrocket CH-400 named Miss Veedol. They flew from Japan to Washington State in 41 hours and 15 minutes. The trip had a few quirks including the fact that they spent some time in jail in Japan because they had apparently entered Japan in the Bellanca without proper documents and because they had photographed a few Japanese naval installations. They were finally released after paying a $1,000 fine and got the Bellanca modified for more fuel and generally prepared for the trip. They were after a $25,000 prize offered by a Japanese newspaper for the first non-stop flight from Japan across the Pacific. They were then informed by Japanese authorities that they had just one chance to take off from Japan. If they returned, the airplane would be confiscated and they would be put back in jail. Then their charts, on which the flight had been laid out were stolen by a nationalist group that wanted a Japanese pilot to be the first to accomplish a non-stop trans Pacific flight. They had planned the flight in detail and knew there was no margin for error. The original destination was Seattle and the distance was 5500 miles. They would depart with 950 gallons of fuel and had decided to jettison the landing gear after takeoff to reduce drag. Skids were installed on the underside of the fuselage to minimize damage in the necessary belly landing at Seattle. They finally got into the air on October 4, dumped the landing gear into the sea and climbed to their selected cruising altitude of 14,000 feet. Then they noticed that the jettison of the landing gear was incomplete; two root struts were still attached to the fuselage. Pangborn got the door open, climbed out onto the wing struts with his boots off to prevent slipping and, hanging on to the wing struts with one hand, he reached down and got rid of the gear struts with the other. Later, no one was dumb enough to ask him if it was cold out there. After a little less than 40 hours, they crossed the west coast of the U.S. The fuel was holding out, and Pangborn wanted to go all the way across Washington State for a maximum distance record. Fog had made landing at Seattle or even at Vancouver B.C. impossible. Then they saw more fog to the east and turned back to Wenatchee in the central area of the state. There Pangborn made a relatively undamaged belly landing in Fancher Field just outside the town. The trip clock was stopped at 41 hours and 15 minutes. Their arrival was dated October 5 because they had crossed the international date line in the Pacific. One reason Pangborn and Herndon were in Japan was that they had attempted a round the world flight to beat the record set by Wiley Post and Harold Gatty of eight days and fifteen hours in a Lockheed Vega. However they were forced to abandon that at the halfway point when they were hopelessly delayed by bad weather in western Siberia. When they learned of the $25,000 prize offered for a non-stop Pacific flight, they headed for Japan. Now having achieved that goal, the Bellanca was shipped by truck to Seattle where the slight damage was repaired and a new landing gear installed. Pangborn and Herndon then flew on to New York to complete their trip around the world. Although their arrival got a lot of publicity, and unlike the non-stop Pacific flight, there was little financial gain to be enjoyed from the global trip. Transocean flying continued to be popular and became the harbinger of world wide airline service. The last big attempt was in 1937 when Amelia Earhart tried to fly a Lockheed model 10 Electra around the world. Sadly, probably due to communication problems, she and her navigator Fred Noonan were lost on July 2 somewhere near Howland Island in the Pacific.

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|Full Index||Subjects||Concepts||Country||Documents||Pictures & Maps| The second battle of Villers-Bretonneux, 27-27 April 1918, took place during General Ludendorff’s great spring offensive of 1918. His first major offensive, the second battle of the Somme, had come close to creating a gap between the British and French lines. It had also reached to within ten miles of Amiens, before being stopped in the first battle of Villers-Bretonneux. After the failure of the Somme offensive, Ludendorff had turned north, launching a second offensive against the British in Flanders (battle of the Lys, 9-29 April 1918). The second battle of Villers-Bretonneux came during the period of the battle of Lys, but was launched further south, in an attempt to break the British lines in front of Amiens (held by the 8th Division). The German attack was supported by 13 of their A7V tanks, making it one of the biggest attacks launched by the German built tank. It would also see the first tank-vs-tank battle, a confrontation between three A7Vs and three British Mk IVs. The German attack was preceded by a short artillery bombardment, with a mix of mustard gas and high explosive shells. The 8th Division was overwhelmed. A three mile wide gap was opened in the British lines, and Villers-Bretonneux fell to the Germans. There was a serious danger that the Germans might break through to Amiens. General Rawlinson responded by launched an immediate counterattack. This would be a night attack, to be launched by two Australian brigades – the 13th (Brigadier Elliot) and 15th (Brigadier Glasgow). The attack, on the night of 24-25 April, was a total success. By dawn the main German line had been forced back, and the troops in Villers-Bretonneux cut off. By the end of the day the village was back in Allied hands. The Australians suffered 1,455 casualties during the battle. ||Save this on Delicious| Help - F.A.Q. - Contact Us - Search - Recent - About Us - Subscribe in a reader |Subscribe to History of War| |Browse Archives at groups.google.co.uk|

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The microsoft introduced .Net framework in the 2000 year, the microsoft implemented collection of compilers in the .Net framework, .Net framework supports collection of namespaces. .Net framework is the collection of namespaces, every namespace is dynamic link library(DLL), namespaces having collection of object oriented programming features, namespace features we can distribute in the all .Net technologies. Common Languages Runtime(CLR): In .Net framework main compiler is CLR, CLR having common datatypes and common source code, In the CLR microsoft implemented 23 sub-compilers, each sub-compilers having different types of data types and source code. All sub-compilers communicates with the CLR for converting into the common type of data types and source code.

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Understanding Domains – A Comprehensive Guide Different Types of Domains When it comes to selecting a domain name, there are different types of domains to choose from. Each type has its own unique features and benefits. Here are some of the most common types of domains: Top-Level Domains (TLDs) – TLDs are the most common type of domain and are found at the end of a website address. Examples of TLDs include .com, .org, .net, and .edu. Country Code Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs) – These domains are specific to a country or geographical location. Examples of ccTLDs include .us for the United States, .ca for Canada, and .uk for the United Kingdom. Generic Top-Level Domains (gTLDs) – These domains are not country-specific and can be used for any type of website. Examples of gTLDs include .shop, .blog, and .news. Second-Level Domains – These domains are created by combining a word or phrase with a TLD. For example, “example.com” is a second-level domain. Subdomains – Subdomains are created by adding a prefix to a second-level domain. For example, “blog.example.com” is a subdomain of “example.com”. Understanding the different types of domains can help you choose the best one for your website and ensure that your online presence is both professional and memorable. How to Choose the Right Domain Name Choosing the right domain name is an important step in creating a successful website. Here are some tips to help you select the best domain name: Make it Easy to Remember – Choose a domain name that is easy to remember and spell. Avoid using numbers or special characters that can make it difficult for people to type or remember your website address. Keep it Short and Sweet – Shorter domain names are easier to remember and are less likely to be misspelled. Aim for a domain name that is no more than 15-20 characters long. Use Keywords – Include relevant keywords in your domain name to help with search engine optimization (SEO). This can help your website appear higher in search results when people search for topics related to your website. Make it Brandable – Choose a domain name that is unique and brandable. Your domain name should be reflective of your brand and business. Check Availability – Before finalizing your domain name, check its availability to make sure it is not already registered by someone else. You can use a domain registrar to check the availability of a domain name. By following these tips, you can choose a domain name that is memorable, brandable, and optimized for search engines, helping you establish a strong online presence. Domain Registration and Hosting Once you have selected a domain name for your website, the next step is to register it and host it. Here’s what you need to know: Domain Registration – Domain registration is the process of purchasing a domain name from a domain registrar. You can register your domain name for a period of one to ten years, and you will need to renew it before it expires to continue using it. Hosting – Hosting is the service that allows your website to be accessed on the internet. You can choose from different types of hosting services, including shared hosting, VPS hosting, and dedicated hosting, depending on your website’s needs. DNS – The Domain Name System (DNS) is responsible for translating your domain name into an IP address, which is necessary for your website to be accessed on the internet. You will need to set up your DNS settings when you register your domain name. SSL Certificate – An SSL certificate is a security certificate that encrypts data transmitted between your website and its visitors. Having an SSL certificate is important for protecting sensitive information, such as login credentials and payment details. Domain Privacy – When you register a domain name, your personal information, including your name, address, and email, is publicly available in the WHOIS database. Domain privacy is a service that hides this information to protect your privacy. By understanding the process of domain registration and hosting, you can ensure that your website is up and running smoothly and securely. Best Practices for Domain Management and Renewal Managing and renewing your domain name is an important aspect of maintaining your website’s online presence. Here are some best practices to follow: Keep Track of Expiration Dates – Set reminders for your domain name’s expiration date to avoid losing your domain. Many domain registrars offer automatic renewal options to make this process easier. Keep Your Contact Information Up-to-Date – Make sure your contact information is current and accurate to receive important notifications regarding your domain name, such as renewal notices or security alerts. Use Two-Factor Authentication – Two-factor authentication (2FA) adds an extra layer of security to your domain management account, helping to protect it from unauthorized access. Use a Reputable Registrar – Choose a reputable domain registrar to ensure that your domain name is secure and properly managed. Look for registrars with good customer support and a proven track record. Consider Domain Name Monitoring – Consider using a domain name monitoring service to alert you to any changes or issues related to your domain name, such as unauthorized transfers or expired SSL certificates. By following these best practices, you can ensure that your domain name is properly managed and renewed, and that your website remains accessible and secure for your visitors. Definition and Importance of Domains A domain is the address that people type into their web browsers to access a website. It is a unique name that identifies a website and helps people find it on the internet. Domains are important for several reasons: Branding – Your domain name is a reflection of your brand and can help establish your online presence. Credibility – A professional-looking domain name can increase your website’s credibility and make it more trustworthy to visitors. Search Engine Optimization – Having relevant keywords in your domain name can improve your website’s visibility in search engine results pages. Portability – Your domain name is portable, meaning you can take it with you if you decide to switch web hosting providers or move to a different platform. Email – Your domain name can also be used for your email address, giving your business a more professional image. In summary, a domain name is an important component of your website and online presence. It helps establish your brand, credibility, and visibility, and is essential for online success.

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Ginkgo trees can be found growing in many places around the Agnes Scott Arboretum, including at the tour stop that we call Living Fossils. The Ginkgo tree, or Ginkgo biloba, is a deciduous tree that is native to China, but cultivated around the world, including here in Georgia. At its full height, it normally grows from 66-115 feet tall. They are large trees, and their most recognizable feature is their unique leaves. The Ginkgo tree has small, fan-shaped leaves which are usually bright green, but turn to a deep saffron yellow hue in the fall. You can identify these leaf features in the photo below of the leaves of a Ginkgo tree at the Agnes Scott Arboretum. A bit of Ginkgo Treevia–Ginkgo trees are extremely hardy; the Ginkgo trees growing in Hiroshima, Japan even survived the devastating atomic bomb attack to the city during World War II. Those very ginkgos are still alive and healthy today. For more information on this tree species, click here.

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A recent article reported on how NASA launch pads at Cape Canaveral and Mission Control in Houston are being threatened by rising sea levels. I have lived in the vicinity of both facilities and can personally attest that they are only a few feet above sea level. In fact, NASA stated that rising sea levels are the single biggest threat to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Other NASA facilities being threatened by rising sea levels include Wallops Flight Facility and Langley Research Center, both in Virginia, and Ames Research Center in San Francisco. The problem with the rising sea level is not that the facilities are threatened with inundation in the near-term, but with all of the other kinds of damage that come with rising sea level. Things like beach erosion and storm surges are greatly affected by how high sea level is. Increase the sea level and you increase the damage that results from those actions. The forecast for Hampton, VA is for a five foot rise in sea level by the year 2100, or 60 inches in the next 86 years. If we were to assume a constant rate of rise (a bad assumption, but it gives us something to work with), that comes out to .7 inches (1.8 centimeters) per year. That means something that is currently 7 inches above the storm surge will be in the storm surge 10 years from now. These are very low-lying areas, 7 inches will make a big difference. And, that is only in 10 years. Twenty years from now the sea level will be more than 14 inches higher, on average. Let me put those time frames into perspective. Ten years ago was 2004. George W. Bush was President of the U.S. and defeated John Kerry in his bid to win reelection. The Summer Olympics were in Athens, the U.S. was bogged down in an insurgency in Iraq, and a 9.3 magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of Indonesia, sending a devastating tsunami across the Indian Ocean. Twenty years ago was 1994. Bill Clinton was President, 100,000 people were slaughtered in Rwanda, former President Richard Nixon died, Nelson Mandela became President of South Africa, O.J. Simpson was arrested for the murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman and the Chunnel opened for business, connecting France and Great Britain with an underground rail line. Consider those events and think back to where you were in those years. If you are more than 20 years old, you will probably realize that these time-spans are not great. The time it takes to prevent damage to the NASA facilities is not at some point in the future. In fact, it isn't even now. It was at some point in the past. Fortunately, they have already been engaged with making preparations and adjustments. That is the only way they can keep ahead of the threat. I have mentioned these NASA facilities, but this same threat extends to anything close to the coast, including all of the private homes built with a view of the sea. They are now more at risk and that risk will increase at an alarming rate in the next few years. And, by the way, let's be clear about this, we are the ones that will have to pay for it. One more example of how you need to take your checkbook out and send money to the deniers every time you reject the reality of global warming.

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The intention and process of crystallization means bio crystallizing something into genetic form. How do we have crystalline DNA? At the molecular level, what happens when something is turning into a crystal is the reorganization of all the molecules into lattices. These bonded structures repeat themselves and together they form very stable organizations. This is why crystals are so hard, because of this very bonding. One way to describe a crystal is that it is liquid moving at a different dimensional speed than us, it's liquid light. The speed that it's moving at is different than what we perceive it to be. We perceive a crystal to be solid and you can knock on it, but in time a crystal keeps growing and it keeps evolving breaking up into shards, growing more crystals. In fact a crystal can make other crystals grow without touching them. This is only one dimension of perception. Now substitute the word crystal for DNA. DNA is forming lattices, forming these really nice organized bonds. When we have anomalies in our DNA, some would say those are birth defects. When we look closer and with a different mind, we could possibly see that they are different frequency messengers that appear like random chaotic assemblies of DNA molecules and we can bring them back to coherent lattices again. DNA proteins that look like dis-ease, hate, depression, sadness or even higher dimensional encoded information not from this solar system, can be changed or activated through conscious thought. Think of Dr. Emoto's work with water and now think of crystallization in DNA. There are different crystal formations for love and compassion. This is the base seed for something like love with a base frequency 432 Hertz, 528 Hertz or something even higher maybe like tetrahedrons, octahedrons and all the organized lattices we know of right now. Look at how beautiful this process is. This could be a thought forming itself into an intention that gives rise to these suddenly cascading lattices of stored holographic information. They start out with one seed geometry in the middle, random, chaos and entropic. It's not a bad thing - it is sitting there as potential energy thing- but as soon as it organizes itself into bonds, it creates all these connected thought expressions of your consciousness. I would say that this is not only energy sitting in potential, but energy in different dimensions waiting for an opportunity to have connection to something in different dimensions, just like cymatics. Cymatics is sound made visible. One of the beautiful things about cymatics is that it's showing us the deeper multidimensional connections of phasing in and out of realities, just like DNA. Let's go further with this. We will start with different types of DNA lattices. Tetrahedron DNA Lattice I have said many times through these emails and in presentations: We are architecting our DNA with light and geometry. Here's an Image of Tetrahedron bonds of DNA There is image is an actual image of a tetrahedron DNA lattice. Feel into this image. Look at the image with the tetrahedron inside the cube. One of the things I like about highlighting the spheres in the corners this where a lot of the alchemical magic happens. These are the realms of holographic information we talk about. These realms are complete encoded genomes of genetic information. hen tLook at what happens when 3 of these realms connect and an image gets projected. This is holographic information that is being projected through dimensions. This is how our soul is communicating with us through dimensions. Higher aspects of our soul and future timelines are projecting information into this dimension and vice versa. We are projecting information from this reality into other dimensions and timelines. What realm gets expressed first? What ever realm of activated light or line of energy is coming in from another aligned connected source, this line of light connects to another realm and then that realm gets exposed first. This realm is like the shadow part we talk about from 4D to 3D to the other parts that gets cast into other dimensions, like a shadow. This is a transference between dimensions. Here we can start seeing all these dimensional realms of information, aligned in vibration, it's no longer one solid line, like our flat 2D interpretations of geometry. The vibrational lines of the tetrahedron are made up of energy strands. You can start seeing there is a threaded dimension of coiling and vortices within these structures. This is what is being created: one of these rungs, one of these energetic support beams for physical expression. When we talked about an alchemical tertiary concept, like unity consciousness in one corner, word making manifest in another, the third intention or 3rd realm coming together as a divine natural access (DNA) point of your witnessing aspect of your soul. Your soul consciousness is the organizing light through DNA as a 3 point coordinate system stabilizing soul expression in dimensions and is also quantum. The next image are particle waves/electron proton magnetics. This is an image of an electron and proton. Like a blackhole and sun. We use theses same mechanisms with our soul consciousness, organizing all of it. Look at our universe, at the black hole ( Galatic center) and our sun with the planets moving in our solar system, this is very much our direct expanse of our consciousness and physical bodies being made manifest through cosmic alchemy in the mind of GOD. Take a look at the image in the bottom right corner again. One of the things you can see is this looks like the tree of life in the Kabbalah. Very interesting. Right?! What all these realms are doing is giving structural strength. The name of this is vector equilibrium. These corners where all the lines connect are vectors and they balance the distribution of weight, energy, and thought very efficiently. Tetrahedron lattice DNA structures create heat (light) signatures from this thermal imaging picture above. This is an electric scanning micrograph that gives you the distribution of a 3D graph of anneling energy. Annealing is heating. When you create a piece of glass for a window you anneal it, you heat it, the bonds solidify with the heating process and when it cools it trains the shape. Remember your soul is first light, the first spark I have talked about through your birth. Our consciousness is the annealer in these realms think the crystals in your DNA are the window and what is being projected is the Holograhic information of light in your DNA. Look at the curl and spin on little axes - this is showing us organic DNA nano structure design. What these nano DNA structures are showing is DNA is not flat or looks like this, ( picture below) it's very elegant, sophisticated and is changing space and shapes all the time, with every thought we think in the cosmic mind. We have an opportunity here to open our minds and genetics to the cosmic alchemy of the Divine Natural Access ( DNA) and its quantum potential. DNA it is not what we have been led to believe or can be measured by this present science because it doesn't account for our soul. It is very clear here in this image what is an organic nano structure and what is a non organic nano technology structure. These false nano DNA technologies are imitating our natural genetic coding. They are trying to communicate with our genetics. Trying to interact with them to receive intel from our DNA and corrupt the coding. Organic natural nano DNA structures are incredibly beautiful and contains divine messaging in them. It is of upmost importance to keep our genetics organic. You can feel all kinds of things from this image with organic vs non organic technology. My next mission is to create DNA structures to reverse false nano technology through genetics by communication with the original elements of these technologies, the original oneness of creation. Coming soon... Cube DNA Lattices The cube is a representation of amino acid sequences that forms more complex bonds. Look above at this cube of graphite this is what is in a vaccine, but far more sophisticated because its programmed and designed for a specific intention. Now we're getting to see thoughts. How our minds can create or destroy with intentions at the very elements of creation. Onto other different lattice structures in DNA. Diamond DNA lattice Look at the one where they cage partially in the center to create a diamond. You can go from an amino acid combination to a diamond by adding the center singularity - the center balancing point. Interesting to think about the diamond DNA and singularity. I was looking at a pane of selenite, examining it with a magnifying glass for about an hour one day. First I noticed how much information is embedded in what we can see with the help of a magnifying glass. There are growth patterns on the crystals surface, a skin that has little bumps that form two outside layers of imagery. Then inside of it, where subsequent layers of imagery exist, that was 3D in form. There are different ways of seeing this. If you look head-on facing the crystal, you can see the different layers. I was visualizing these layers and at the same time one of the things my brain was doing was to understand and examine it in a new way. One thing my whole body-brain was focusing on was the different planes inside the crystal. You focus on one plane then another and another, different features revealed themselves. This right here is an exercise in dimensional tunneling. If I focus on this, I see one thing if I focus on that, I see another. Go back and forth. Then I practiced a few other things. How much are hard 3D etched features, some were bumps that formed triangles, Gods eyes shapes. How much was light reflected there between shapes, there was shadowing between one layer and another. The shadow in-between caused another 3D shape that looked like little fractal landscapes of mountains. How much of this selenite was iridescent and when you turned it, just at the right angle, a pattern would show up that was wavy like frequency waves. When I focused on this pattern it taught my visual system to see it, then I saw it expressed all over the place. There were places with more patterns and contour lines that looked like magnetic waves and plasma waves-like they were moving. It's all in the way your eyes see it. How can we perceive moving light and holographic structures? This was telepathic communication with this entity. It was teaching me while I was looking at it. I was asking it to show me how to see the crystal, and to guide me to new structures. So I put the crystal to my eyes and looked up at the sun. The sun shines through and puts patterns on your face. I saw these multidimensional patterned crystals. You can examine the shadows of it. Then I turned on the black light at night and saw it glowed with the black light and magnifying glass. We haven't even gotten to the laser yet. This is just examining a piece of nature without any expectations, without anything other than it show me, howt to activate it. We can do that with our DNA. Once I felt I was synchronized with the crystal, it taught me to close my eyes and put the crystal on my head, I started seeing energy, crystal energy. Without having to have my eyes open, seeing with my inner vision that the crystal taught me how to see. Now when you go back to the basic building blocks of crystal structures it has opened up other artistic opportunities. This innocence of exploring was one of my wonder moments in a day. Each day I want to have a wonder mystical moment fractal experience. Here is an image of DNA protein crystals If we start interacting and communicating with energies of plasma, electrically, doors open. What might we find DNA quantum tunneling through genetic crystals. I bet you would see some amazing phenomena the more you communicate with your DNA. The more dimensions we can stack on top of each other the more our bodies learn to see dimensions. When you remove the crystal lens it's teaching you crystal vision. When you take it off, then you learn what patterns to look for in gravity, sound and other thoughts made visible by your soul. What are the holocymatic technologies for thought intention? I would love to have a solution to being able to see our thoughts. I feel the first module of this course is a start to this organic technology. Do thoughts look like what we see in front of us? Do thoughts look like cities, people and mountains? What do they look like? This why I like the holographic sight technique we learn in this - it is so potent and powerful, because it gives us the opportunity to examine the multidimensional fabric of our bodies with our own inner vision. Deeper and deeper with the question of "show me". We are not just bones, muscles, tissue, but when you journey deep inside you see light, photons, shifting holographic structures, realms and then you go into spaces in-between spaces. This teaches you how to move forward in dimensions between the spaces of spaces. This is a beautiful gift. As a creative opportunity what does your DNA look like? How would you architect your DNA? These are the blueprints we follow. It's not important that you understand everything here. What is important that you are open to see that the braiding of these geometries is the fabric of our DNA. With every thought we think they are changing and we can consciously architect them and create stable realities as the new human and the new earth. I hope this blew your mind a little bit!

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Reconstructing vanished oceans We establish the locations and geometry of mid ocean ridges through time on the basis of marine magnetic anomaly identifications, geological information such as paleomagnetic data from terranes and microcontinents, especially in the Tethys Ocean, mid-oceanic ridge subduction events and the rules of plate tectonics. Based on a global set of tectonic plate rotations we construct a set of refined seafloor isochrons following the interpolation technique outlined by Müller et al. (1997; 2008) but including a multitude of additional data. Oceanic depth through time Using a published age-depth relationship (GDH-1), we compute the depth-area distribution of the ocean basins. We choose GDH-1 for converting age to depth because this relationship is based on sediment-corrected depths without excluding data from hotspot swells and seamounts. Therefore GDH-1 provides a good average fit to sediment unloaded oceanic basement depths and is preferable for predicting the average oceanic basement depth through time, including thermally rejuvenated lithosphere, as compared to models that reflect ocean depth changes related to plate ageing through time only. Three additional factors play a significant role in controlling global ocean basin depth through time, namely the generation of oceanic large igneous provinces (LIPS), oceanic sedimentation (2) and changes in oceanic crustal area. We create a set of paleo-bathymetry maps by adding major oceanic plateaus and sediment thickness to our reconstructed basement depth maps. These maps allow us to compute oceanic crustal area and mean depth through time. Palaeo Age and Bathymetry This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. We welcome any feedback. In particular, if you have data that you would like to be included in the next version of the agegrid, please send us an email. Send email.

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CC-MAIN-2017-26

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Research has been published in today’s Lancet on the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in the population of UK children, suggesting that these disorders are more common than previously thought. The paper reported that the prevalence of ASDs in the population is 116¬∑1 per 10,000 of the population – meaning just over 1% of the population are likely to qualify for one of these diagnoses. “One of these diagnoses” is the crucial phrase here, as Baird and colleagues were not looking just for ‘classic’ or ‘narrowly defined’ autism (diagnosed as childhood autism in the ICD-10), but at the whole of the autism spectrum disorders – also known as pervasive developmental disorders. BBC News has a good write-up on the study including a crucial quote from the Lancet article’s main author Professor Gillian Baird: Whether the increase is due to better ascertainment, broadening diagnostic criteria, or increased incidence is unclear. In fact, the reported prevalence of the narrow form of autism was only 38.9 in 10,000 of the population, less than 0.4%. In contrast, autism spectrum or pervasive developmental disorders have a much broader scope, and can include both a 10 year-old child with no language, severe learning disabilities, lack of social interest and restricted interests (‘narrow’ autism) to a bright articulate 10 year-old child who is socially awkward and bit inflexible in his thinking. This is largely because of fairly recently included diagnoses such as ‘Asperger syndrome’, ‘Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specificed’ (PDD-NOS) and ‘Atypical Autism’ which, particularly for the latter two, have much wider criteria. Although Baird and colleagues used systematic methods for making their diagnoses, it’s interesting that there’s quite a pressure on everyday clinicians to make these sort of diagnoses for children who are having emotional or behavioural problems. Having one of these diagnoses entitles children to special educational support or even a place in an expensive yet well-supported special school in many areas of the UK. Who wouldn’t want special support for their child who is doing badly in education and is constantly distressed by school life? This in turn puts pressure on local clinicians, and on the medical establishment, to recognise these difficulties by widening the diagnostic criteria. I sometimes smile to myself when I see news stories about science and medicine being out of touch with society, since the history of medicine suggests that there is an intimate connection between medical decisions and social needs. Link to abstract of Lancet study on ASD prevalence. Link to BBC News story on research. One thought on “How common is autism?” [New blogger] I had someone contact me to say that the incidence of autism is 1 in 117! Can anyone confirm that figure?

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CC-MAIN-2023-23

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Fall is the ideal time to plant trees, shrubs, vines, groundcovers and herbaceous perennials. Cool fall temperatures are less stressful to plants than the heat of late spring and summer because there is less water loss from the foliage through transpiration. For us in south Georgia, these temperatures exist throughout the winter months also. Plants established during fall require less frequent irrigation and are less likely to die from heat-related stresses than those planted in spring and summer. Another advantage of fall planting is that above-ground portions of the plant stop growing and go dormant, which lessens the demand on the roots for water. Roots, on the other hand, do not go dormant and continue to grow throughout the winter. So when spring arrives, a healthy, well-developed root system will be in place to absorb water and nutrients. Ornamental plant physiology is different from that of turfgrass physiology. There is little to no activity of warm season grass roots in the winter. This is why planting warm season grass is better in May and June. With frequent irrigation, grass roots take to the soil and become established. Does this mean we absolutely cannot plant any ornamental plant during the summer? No, it does not. In fact, many professional nursery operators plant ornamentals throughout the growing season. When an older plant has established roots in a pot, transplanting into the ground is less stressful. Professionals know each plant's stress levels and water requirements. The key to summer planting is plenty of water. Without an irrigation system, this can be very difficult. Before planting ornamentals, check soil drainage by digging a hole approximately 15 inches deep by 15 inches in diameter and fill it with water. If water is left standing in the hole after one hour, the site may be poorly drained and need improvements. If you plant in undisturbed soil, research shows digging the hole at least two times wider than the width of the root ball provides a more favorable environment for root growth. "Never put a ten dollar tree in a two dollar hole." Organic and inorganic amendments improve growing conditions also. Organic amendments originate from something once alive: composted yard waste, livestock manure, or peatmoss. Inorganic amendments are mined or man-made, such as vermiculite, perlite, and sand. Inorganic amendments improve the structure and drainage of the soil. Organic amendments also provide nutritional value. Go ahead and water the plants before removing them from their containers. This is because it is difficult to re-wet a dry root ball once it is in the ground. Sometimes roots become pot-bound, which is when roots grow densely along the edge of the root ball. Do not be afraid to use a knife to open up the root mass before planting. This encourages new root growth and allows water to move inside the root ball. If the plant root ball is wrapped in balled-and-burlap (B&B), cut the wire around the trunk and remove the burlap off the root ball so it does not impede root growth. For large trees with B&B, removing the top third of burlap is sufficient. It is OK to create a small 4-to 6-inch berm along the perimeter of the planting hole to funnel water to the roots. However, rake away the berm a month after planting so roots are not later eroded. Hold the fertilizer until the plant is established. Granular fertilizers can dehydrate the roots of new plants. Because the plants are stressed from planting, waiting to fertilize with a sprinkle of 8-8-8 or 10-10-10 is best. Additionally, organic amendments provide nutrients at planting without injuring roots. And I save the best for last. How deep do you plant? I answer calls on many dying plants that were planted too deep. They can actually be planted to shallow also. It is best to set the top of the root ball level with the soil surface. Planting too deep restricts oxygen movement to the roots in which they suffocate. On the other hand, planting too shallow may expose roots to the sun and wind, causing them to dry out and die. This article was based off UGA Publication, "Make Every Drop Count: Proper Planting Results in Healthy, Water-Efficient Plants.” For additional questions, contact Thomas County Extension office at 225-4130.

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The historical pattern of women generally being more religious than men is not universal and varies by religious traditions, cites a new Pew Research Center analysis of international census and survey data. Overall, women are more likely than men to be affiliated with a religious organization; women also pray more and are more inclined to say religion is "very important" in their lives, indicated the Pew findings collected in 84 countries. The ultimate analysis compared men and women in several different aspects of religious commitment. The report found that in some countries and faiths, men are more religious than women, at least by some measures. For example, among Muslims and Orthodox Jews, men are more likely than women to attend worship services at least weekly, the new study found. The largest gender gap is in daily prayer. Averaging results across the 84 countries, more women than men say they pray daily, by an average difference of 8 percentage points. Specifically, more women than men say they pray daily in 43 of the 84 countries. Men say they pray more in one country (Israel), and in 40 of the 84 countries there is no significant difference between men and women in daily prayer habits. Religiousness also can be measured by asking people how important religion is to them personally. In more than half of the 84 countries surveyed (46), roughly equal shares of men and women say that religion is "very important" to them. However, in 36 other countries, more women than men say religion is important in their lives - and usually by wide margins. As a result, across all 84 countries, women surpass men in this aspect of religious commitment by an average of 5 percentage points (65 percent vs. 60 percent). Only in Mozambique and Israel do men say that religion is very important to them more often than women do. The biggest exception to the general pattern of women being more religious than men occurs in weekly attendance at worship services. Across the 81 countries where Pew Research Center data are available for this measure, more men than women attend worship at least once a week (48 percent vs. 42 percent). This attendance gap is largely driven by 27 countries in the survey with large Muslim populations. In many Islamic societies, men are expected to attend communal Friday worship services in the mosque, while women can fulfill this obligation either inside or outside the mosque. There are similar religious norms regarding worship attendance among Orthodox Jews in Israel. As a result, men in these 28 countries report far greater rates of attendance than women, often by margins of at least 20 percentage points. By contrast, in countries that have large Christian populations (30 of the 81 studied on this measure), women are more likely to report attending services weekly. And in 23 other countries, men and women report attending about equally. There are instances when the religious gender gap is nonexistent, or too small to be significant, said the Pew staffers. For example, men and women display similar levels of belief in the spiritual concepts of heaven, hell and angels.

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CC-MAIN-2017-34

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In 1965, an archeological excursion was conducted in Hubei specifically in the Zhang River Reservoir. Not only did hey unearth tombs, but they also found an assortment of royal artifacts. They found bronze swords, and ancient burials but the most important discovery was The Sword of Goujian. The sword was dressed in a wooden scabbard and the case was almost airtight. This kept the sword untarnished and the blade, spotlessly smooth. It’s assumed that the sword was never actually used in combat since it lacks scratches and it doesn’t look worn out at all. The Sword’s Design The Sword of Goujian isn’t only immaculately pristine but it also has intricate rhombi patterns all along the sides of the blades. There are also chunks of blue crystals and turquoise embedded on the sides. The handle has concentric circles wrapped around it and its materials were mainly forged with copper and tin. In addition to the design, it also has text engraved into it. The script translates to “King of Yue”, which indicates that Yue truly treasured his sword more than anything in the world. The bronze-age Chinese craftsmen were famous for forging bronze materials with tin and alloy content. This increased the hardness and durability of their weapons including swords. The Sword of Goujian is a testament of their skilled craftsmanship and the amount of technicality each piece of weapon had undergone.

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To the 60 percent of adults who are not active, doing anything is better than nothing. This message, along with physical activity guidelines, was issued last week by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) The ACSM periodically issues guidelines on the quantity and quality of exercise for adults. The society last reviewed physical activity guidelines for Americans in 1998. The 2011 guidelines which appear in the July issue of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise reflect the current scientific evidence on physical activity. Recommendations are provided for aerobic exercise, strength training and flexibility. ACSM Recommendation: Get Moving The ACSM recommends that adults engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. The ACSM’s position on physical exercise is consistent with the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans issued by the government. According to ACSM, a program of regular exercise includes cardiorespiratory, resistance, flexibility and neuromotor above and beyond the normal exercise from daily living. Their specific recommendations are as follows: - Adults should get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. - Exercise recommendations can be met through 30-60 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (five days per week) or 20-60 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise (three days per week). - One continuous session and multiple shorter sessions (of at least 10 minutes) are both acceptable to accumulate desired amount of daily exercise. - Gradual progression of exercise time, frequency and intensity is recommended for best adherence and least injury risk. - People unable to meet these minimums can still benefit from some activity. - Adults should train each major muscle group two or three days each week using a variety of exercises and equipment. - Very light or light intensity is best for older persons or previously sedentary adults starting exercise. - Two to four sets of each exercise will help adults improve strength and power. - For each exercise, 8-12 repetitions improve strength and power, 10-15 repetitions improve strength in middle-age and older persons starting exercise and 15-20 repetitions improve muscular endurance. - Adults should wait at least 48 hours between resistance training sessions. - Adults should do flexibility exercises at least two or three days each week to improve range of motion. - Each stretch should be held for 10-30 seconds to the point of tightness or slight discomfort. - Repeat each stretch two to four times, accumulating 60 seconds per stretch. - Static, dynamic, ballistic (stretching using a bouncing motion) and PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation – range of motion exercises) stretches are all effective. - Flexibility exercise is most effective when the muscle is warm. Try light aerobic activity or a hot bath to warm the muscles before stretching. - Neuromotor exercise (sometimes called “functional fitness training”) is recommended for two or three days per week. - Exercises should involve motor skills (balance, agility, coordination and gait), proprioceptive exercise training and multifaceted activities (e.g., yoga) to improve physical function and prevent falls in older adults. - 20-30 minutes per day is appropriate for neuromotor exercise. Health Benefits of Exercise You would think more of us would exercise given that the health benefits are indisputable. Adults who get 150 minutes a week of moderate physical activity lower their risk of developing cardiovascular disease, stroke, Type 2 diabetes and some forms of cancer (e.g., colon and breast cancers). Exercise and physical activity lower blood pressure, improve lipoprotein profile (cholesterol levels), C-reactive protein (an inflammatory marker), enhance insulin sensitivity and play an important role in weight management. Prevention and improvement in mild to moderate depressive disorders and anxiety can occur with exercise. A physically active lifestyle enhances feelings of energy, well-being, quality of life and cognitive function. In older adults, exercise also helps to preserve bone mass and reduces the risk of falls. Physical activity is also associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Adults who are unable or unwilling to meet the exercise targets can still benefit from engaging in amounts of exercise less than recommended. However, a greater benefit is associated with higher levels of activity. With respect to exercise, “some is good; more is better”. “When it comes to exercise, the benefits far outweigh the risks. A program of regular exercise – beyond activities of daily living – is essential for most adults,” said Carol Ewing Garber, Ph.D., chair of the writing committee. The Bottom Line Like many things in life, sometimes getting started is the hardest part. If you feel this way about exercise, then download and print, Be Active Your Way: A Guide for Adults. This booklet provides great ideas on how to get started with an exercise program. Aside from benefiting yourself, when you engage in regular physical exercise you set a good example for your children. Better yet, if you can join in activities together with family and friends, that will reinforce the positive behavior!

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CC-MAIN-2020-34

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Walking into the produce section of any grocery store, you are always greeted by the sight of uniform rows of fruits and vegetables. The pyramids of shiny waxed apples are built out of identical pieces of fruit: each of them the same size, color, and taste. Sometimes, you might spend a little too much time weighing a piece of fruit in each hand, trying to decide if one looks better than its almost identical twin. If you have trouble choosing between nearly identical pieces of fruit today, how might you have reacted to the vast biodiversity of produce and crops in the past? Today, when you think of watermelons, what comes to mind? You might picture a large, striped, green melon that yields bright red, juicy flesh dotted occasionally with small black or white seeds when cracked open. But watermelons haven’t always looked this way. Giovanni Stanchi’s still life, Watermelons, peaches, pears, and other fruits in a landscape, paints a vastly different image of the watermelon in seventeenth century Italy. The rind of the fruit is thicker, and the flesh itself is segmented into several swirling triangles when the watermelon is cut in half. Rather than the rich ruby red that appears in watermelons today, the inside of this fruit is a muted, pale pink. The seeds inside are large, plentiful, and black, clustered together within the swirls of flesh. Over the years, selective breeding has allowed growers to manipulate the characteristics of this fruit and cultivate it into the watermelon we know today. As a result, more recent paintings such as Alvan Fisher’s 19th century A Still Life with Watermelons and Peaches showcase a fruit that more closely resembles the watermelons that fill up the enormous cardboard boxes in the grocery store in the summer. Similar to the watermelon, tomatoes have also undergone significant changes throughout history. James Peale’s 19th century painting, Still Life: Balsam Apple and Vegetables, depicts two tomatoes in the foreground. While those tomatoes still have their signature red color, their lumpy, asymmetrical, and tilted figures appear more like small pumpkins rather than the smooth tomatoes found in grocery stores of the present. The change in the shape of tomatoes parallels the rise in mass production as crop characteristics were modified to better serve the transportation and yield needs of farmers. Tomatoes were genetically modified to inhibit the gene causing them to ripen before they arrived at the grocery store, so that they could withstand longer trips from farms. However, this change also had unintended consequences in terms of tomato taste and appearance. As a result, these specific tomatoes exhibited a less robust flavor that makes them recognizable in many global cuisines. These modified tomatoes were also more uniform in appearance, with a rounder and more symmetrical shape. Records of historical art provide important imagery and context to the genetic analysis and research on historical plants and produce. A movement, known by the name of #ArtGenetics was started by Ive De Smet, a plant biologist, and David Vergauwen, an art historian. According to Smet, “We may have some of the genetic code for certain ancient plants, but often not well-preserved samples, so looking at art can help put these species on a time map and track down their evolution.” This movement exposes scientists to art submitted by the general public, thus providing the scientists with resources to better understand how plants have evolved phenotypically through selective pressures. Produce, like the watermelon and tomato, are popular still life subjects that have been tracked extensively through the #ArtGenetics movement. So, how did the unrecognizable, almost alien forms from the still life paintings of the past “become” the fruits and vegetables in today’s grocery stores? The foundation of crop modification and selective breeding lies in the theoretical frameworks created by Charles Darwin and Gregor Mendel. Darwin’s theory of natural selection and heritable traits and Mendel’s statistical model of genetic inheritance together helped guide one of the earliest techniques of plant breeding: selective breeding and pollination. Selective breeding involves identifying multiple plants that have desired traits (like large fruit size) and introducing the pollen of one desired plant to the flower of the other. With repeated cycles of selection and cross pollination, the likelihood of the desired trait showing up in future offspring increases. Another technique with which plant breeders modified the traits of their crops was through mutagenesis, a method developed in the 1940s. When mutations occur naturally in organisms, new genes and traits are introduced into the species’ gene pool. Mutagens, such as electromagnetic or particle radiation, can be used by plant breeders on plant propagules (parts of the plant that allow it to “propagate” itself, like seeds) to increase the frequency of mutations. By increasing the frequency of mutations, plant breeders raise the chance of a “helpful” mutation occurring, like one that may increase the quality or yield of a crop. Although uncommon today, this technique was widely used through the 1970s to create varieties of other crops like rice and grapefruit. Today, industrial agriculture and mass production has seen a shift in selective breeding techniques from antiquated techniques like mutagenesis to more precise methods of genetic modification through DNA recombination. This technique works to modify plants by introducing desired genes from outside sources (such as viruses) into the plant’s genome, which ensures that the new variety of plant takes on the desired trait. This method was particularly impactful in the papaya industry, where it introduced viral resistance genes into Hawaiian papaya trees. Genes containing the desired resistance trait were first cut out of the viral RNA using enzymes and then amplified using PCR. The amplified genes were subsequently packaged by adding papaya DNA on both ends of the gene, then inserted into papaya cells so that they could be incorporated into the papaya genome. The result was astounding: more than 80 percent of papayas grown in Hawaii are now genetically engineered as a result of successful viral resistance. Unfortunately, the advantages resulting from scientific advancements in crop modification also come with consequences that impact economies, businesses, and biodiversity. The influx of genetic modification has brought with it a new legal challenge. Now, many seed varieties are considered as intellectual property that are illegal to reproduce. Today, Monsanto is one of the largest companies in the agricultural biotechnology industry, and the company holds a large majority of patents for genetically modified seeds and crops today. Since the natural reproduction method of most plants is through random, environmental seed and/or pollen dispersal, Monsanto has encountered and pursued an abundance of lawsuits over the past years. According to a report by the Center of Food Safety, Monsanto has sued farmers in instances where their fields were contaminated with seeds or pollen from a neighboring GMO crop. On the other hand, Monsanto alleges that these cases are not due to “inadvertent contamination.” The company states on their website that they promise to never sue farmers who unknowingly used their patented seeds, or if trace contamination (<1%) occurs in their fields. These lawsuits exemplify how the popularization of GMOs and the ability to patent living organisms have resulted in conflict between farmers and corporations, both inside the court and out on the fields. Even though techniques like DNA recombination might provide us with a short term solution to crop diseases, the results often ignore the long term problem of monoculture. A monoculture can be defined as “the practice of fostering just one variety of something,” and one of the most popular monocultures today is the Cavendish banana, which makes up 99% of the banana varieties exported from large scale farms in South American countries, like Colombia. The Cavendish monoculture was initially popularized for its resistance to Panama disease, a disease which destroyed the previously popular Gros Michael variety of bananas. Ironically, the Cavendish monoculture is now threatened by Panama disease itself, as the disease strain has mutated enough to render the initial resistance ineffective. Without intervention, the vulnerability of the global banana supply could lead to economic havoc in the agriculture and food industry. The most common solutions to this issue are genetic engineering and the development of a new disease resistant variety of the Cavendish. However, such solutions could replicate the root cause of the issue, monoculture itself. The history of crop modification is a colorful and nuanced one that is still advancing today. From a glance at the neat rows of fruits and vegetables in the supermarket, it is difficult to discern the trial and error of selective breeding that resulted in the refreshing watermelon on your plate or the ongoing economic and legal debates about your corn. The produce that ends up in your grocery cart aren’t just the ingredients for your weekly meal prep, they’re also some food for thought about the art, industry, and science that has shaped and influenced them over the decades. Illustrations by Shae Galli

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In our literacy group we are comparing and contrasting our life to a person from another country. We have to compare our life to the life of Omar, a 12 year old girl from a country named Malawi. Omar’s life at school is hard, because she has to wake up at 6:00 in the morning, and go to school. Before they start their lessons at 7:00 Omar and her classmates have to clean up the school. Starting the day they sing the national anthem, gathered together in a whole school assembly, to start and finish their day well. They have 2 breaks only during the day. The 1st one is at 8:40 and 2nd one at 10:40 and their breaks last for only 10 minutes. There are two main sports that they play during school breaks , the girls play a game of netball and the boys love to play football. A long time ago Omars parents died when she was a little girl that's why she and her siblings have to live with her grandparents. Omar has to cook for the family everyday, her chores also include fetching water from the well, tend the garden, pounding the cassava into flour and she has to help her grandfather too. He is a very important man in his family and also his village, he’s the chief ! Life is hard in Malawi, schools don't have electricity and nearly all the kids can't afford textbooks. Some kids who are 16 sometimes stay on in the same class for years, because it was too hard for them to pass school exams. Girls have a very hard life in the village. Some girls are like mothers who stay at home and do everything for the little kids. Its hard for the girls to study because there are a lot of things happening in their lives that they are expected to do. In contrast to Omars school, our school in NZ has electricity and more money than Omars school. Her school doesn’t have any electricity plus, they don’t have much money. Our similarities are that we walk to school but, she walks 6 km to school, where as we only walk 5 minutes. Another similarity is that at home we do chores too. Here at nz we do help or moms with chores but we don’t fetch water we get it from a tap or from the supermarkets. At Omars school the girls favourite sport is only netball, but the girls at our school love to play rugby or Soccer even basketball or touch but mostly tag as well as netball. The boys at Omars country likes to play football, but the boys at our school love to play rugby. There are more boys than girls at Omar’s school but, there’s an equal amount of girls and boys at our school (Pt England). The reason why there are fewer girls is that they are expected to stay home and help out the family. Girls in new zealand can’t stay at home otherwise their parents will go to jail or get fines. Girls and boys are treated equally in NZ. NZ exams are different to their exams because their exams are at the end of the year, and if they don’t pass they have to get put down. In NZ if we don’t pass we have to do our test again but we still move up to the next class. All though there are some similarities between our lives and theirs, we still a lot of different things in our lives.

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Mirosław HermaszewskiArticle Free Pass Mirosław Hermaszewski, (born Sept. 14, 1941, Lipniki, Wolynian Voivodshi, Pol.), Polish pilot who was the first Pole in space. A 1965 graduate of the military pilot school in Deblin, Hermaszewski entered the Polish air force and in 1971 graduated from the Karol Sverchevski Military Academy. In 1976 he was selected from a pool of 500 pilots to participate in the Soviet Union’s Intercosmos program. The non-Soviet cosmonauts of Intercosmos flew alongside Soviet crews on missions intended to demonstrate unity between Warsaw Pact and other countries sympathetic to the Soviet Union. Hermaszewski’s was the second Intercosmos mission, launched on June 27, 1978. As a research cosmonaut on the Soyuz 30 mission, Hermaszewski spent nearly eight days in space, carrying out scientific experiments and photographing the Earth’s surface from the Salyut 6 space station. On July 5, 1978, the team returned to Earth, landing 300 km (200 miles) west of Tselinograd (now Astana, Kazakh.). Hermaszewski became one of only a handful of non-Soviets to be named a Hero of the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Soviet Order of Lenin, the Polish Order of the Grunwald Cross (1st degree), and the Nicolaus Copernicus medal of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He returned to service in the Polish air force and in 1981 became a member of Poland’s Military Council for National Salvation, a body that exercised governmental powers during the years of martial law. He graduated from the Voroshilov Military Academy in Moscow in 1982 before serving as the chief of the Shkola Orlyat High Aviation School and in the Defense Office of Poland. In 1988 Hermaszewski was made a general and, before his retirement, was named second in command of the Headquarters of the Air Force. What made you want to look up Mirosław Hermaszewski?

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We hear a lot these days about angry Americans. I am not sure who they are, nor do I know all their reasons for being angry. Perhaps recent news reports offer some answers. A column by former Secretary of Labor Robert Reich highlighted income disparity in the United States. The CEO of Yahoo, Marissa Mayer, earns $36 million a year in compensation, in spite of the fact that in 2015 the company lost $4.4 billion. If the company’s board of directors fires her tomorrow, she will receive $54.9 million in severance pay. Ms. Mayer’s earnings are modest compared to CEOs of other companies. In 2013, 15 top executives moved up to the $100 million-plus compensation level. The median pay for the largest company executives that year increased 13 percent — this at a time when average median annual wages for full-time workers in this country rose just 1.4 percent. We wonder why some Americans are angry? Another news item — a StarTribune editorial — focused on people in Minnesota receiving public assistance through the Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP). Their monthly cash grants are $532 for a family of three, the same as in 1986. So for 30 years the assistance provided for the most disadvantaged persons in our state — two-thirds of whom are children — has not changed despite rising costs for such basic needs as food and housing. More folks with a reason to be angry. Catholic social teachings offer insights for evaluating both of these developments: the people earning millions each year and those struggling to survive on income below the poverty line. In 1963, St. John XXIII wrote that every person has the right to life and whatever is needed to live that life properly: “These are primarily food, clothing, shelter, rest, medical care, and finally the necessary social services” (“Peace on Earth,” 11). Hard to imagine any family meeting these basic needs on $532 a month. These teachings repeatedly make the point over their 125-year history that the role of government at any level is to promote the common good, creating conditions in society that make it possible for everyone to do reasonably well. It is difficult to see this being done in Minnesota when our legislators haven’t considered raising the cash assistance to needy families in over 30 years. Catholic social teachings do not address directly the question of whether anyone should be allowed to earn millions of dollars. However, they do question the legitimacy of individuals possessing far more than they need when others lack basic necessities. Pope Francis in “The Joy of the Gospel” reminds us: “The dignity of the human person and the common good rank higher than the comfort of those who refuse to renounce their privileges” (218). Our church’s social teachings warn that if extreme income disparities continue to grow (as in $36 million vs. $532), the peace of any nation may be threatened. Again, Pope Francis: “Inequality eventually engenders a violence which recourse to arms cannot and never will be able to resolve” (60). As Catholics, we can and should respond to these unjust income disparities. One way might be to press our state legislators next year to increase the monthly MFIP payments to needy families. Check with the Minnesota Catholic Conference (www.mncc.org) and the Joint Religious Legislative Coalition (www.jrlc.org) for guidance during the next legislative session. Another response might be to begin asking questions about candidates running for election in November: What are their views on the common good, on the role of government, on the growing divide between persons who are very rich and ordinary workers trying to make ends meet? Asking these questions may be the first step to connecting our faith values to troubling trends in our country. Asking these questions may provide angry Americans a way to channel their discontent into a force for the political, economic and social change so long overdue. Bernie Evans recently retired from St. John’s University School of Theology/Seminary in Collegeville, where he held the Virgil Michel Ecumenical Chair in Rural Social Ministries.

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Greening Your Home: The Site A version of this article appears in the September/October 2005 issue of Home Energy Magazine. September 01, 2005 Whether they have come to the residential housing field from building new homes, remodeling old ones, weatherizing them, supplying building materials for them, or greening them, more and more practitioners are recognizing the need to see a house as a system and are seeking to improve building performance. But each discipline has a slightly different take on what these goals mean. Having participated in all five of these approaches to creating better residential living spaces over the years, I believe it is imperative that we see how we all complement one another. Through recognizing this,we can help each other find the most comprehensive overview of the creation, maintenance, repair, and improvement of our living spaces. Persons dedicated to green or sustainable building need to learn that an energy-efficient building envelope is the first step to energy efficiency. By the same token, those creating living spaces that perform much more efficiently need to be constantly reminded that this must be done with materials and systems that do minimal harm to the environment or to the persons living in them. There are many ... To read complete online articles, you need to sign up for an Online Subscription. Once an order has been placed there is an automatic $10 processing fee that will be deducted with any cancellation. The Home Energy Online articles are for personal use only and may not be printed for distribution. For permission to reprint, please send an e-mail to [email protected].

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One of the most common issues parents face with their children is that the children end up being picky eaters. Many parents are clueless as to how to deal with this situation and end up getting frustrated which is usually not good for the parents as well as the child. Yes, dealing with children who are picky eaters can be extremely difficult, but it is an issue that can be overcome easily if dealt with the right methods. Figuring out what to feed your child can be mind boggling if you don’t have a basic idea of their daily nutritional requirements. First off, it is crucial to have a diet plan for your toddler and provide them with the following nutrients in the recommended quantities. • Breads and Cereals (Carbohydrates): 5 servings • Vegetables and Fruits (Vitamins and Minerals): 4-5 servings • Fish and Meat (Proteins): 2 servings • Milk and Dairy Products (Calcium, Proteins and other minerals): 2-3 servings A well balanced meal for a 1-2 year old child would include: 1 slice of Whole grain bread or ½ Cup of rice or pasta served with 1 Cup of chopped vegetables, 1 cooked egg or an ounce of cooked meat, poultry or seafood, 1 cup of yoghurt or 1 ½ ounces natural cheese and a cup of sliced fruit. A few ideas to help you deal with picky eaters are discussed below. • Involve your child in the family meal and make meal time an interesting time for them. Your children will notice you eating the various food items on the dinner table and will be encouraged to eat just like you do. As parents, you must be good role models and remember that your child will want to do things like you do. If there is food that you want your child to eat, you must ensure that your child sees you eat it first as he or she will then feel like eating it as well. • Avoid filling up their plates completely. Children tend to get disturbed when they see their plates filled with food. To make your child’s meal time successful, serve small amounts and if your child is still hungry, he/ she will ask for more. Encourage your child to ask you for another serving as this can be good in the long run. • There may be some food items with high nutritional value that your child refuses to eat. Just because your child refuses something once, doesn’t mean you stop serving him/her that completely. Try to incorporate that particular food item into other forms like dips, bread and curries where the taste of that item is not significant. • Punishing children for picky eating is not the ideal solution. It simply causes resentment in the mind of the child. Instead, provide them with a healthy choice of food on their plate. An important point to remember is that snacks and other food items should not be given right before food. Water and juices also should be avoided right before and during meal times as it causes the child to feel full and also slows down digestion. Keeping these points in mind while serving your child can help you overcome the picky eating situation. To know more, visit http://www.pickyeatersarabia.com/en/ Many often ask, "What is a twin flame?" Twin flames are described as one soul living in two separate bodies. As hard to believe as this is, it is true. At the time of creation, when all souls were created, the souls split into two separate entities so each soul could experience all of creation... Children diagnosed with ADHD and their parents are faced with many obstacles when it comes to instilling good behaviors. Really, all parents who have children face these obstacles but consistent discipline is the key to success for children with ADHD. Maintaining a set schedule and discipline strategy can one of the most difficult parent of... Leave a comment

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One does not normally think of the desert blooming in the summertime, since most of the showy annuals we are familiar with appear in the spring. However, the Arizona Poppy (which is not actually a poppy) is a striking exception, usually blooming after the start of the summer rains, July through September. The bright orange flowers (1”-3”) are veined with red and can sometimes rival a display of Mexican Gold Poppies. Plants can reach 3”-5” across and up to 1 ½” tall and may be found throughout the lower elevations of Southwestern North America. Lacking any fragrance, pollinators still find the flowers most attractive, particularly our native bees, but wasps, flies and butterflies will also partake of the nectar and pollen on offer. Naturalist David B. Williams writes: “The great variety of visitors utilize the flowers in four distinct ways. Unlike many insect visitors to plants, three groups do not play a role in pollination. One group avoids the anthers and stigma by being too small. A second group, including honeybees and larger wasps, extract nectar from under the flower. A third clan only stops by for nectar. A fourth group gathers pollen and nectar from within the flower and contributes to both cross- and self-pollination. Researchers hypothesized that the non-pollinating visitors ‘contributed to the economy of the plant by reducing the quantity of available nectar so that the pollinators have to visit more flowers to get their full nectar supply’.” The resulting seeds are an important food source for doves and quail. Caltrops are so named because the fruits of many of the species are shaped like military caltrops, pointy metal objects designed to be strewn in the path of advancing troops to impede their progress by injuring the feet of men or horses, in the case of the cavalry, by puncturing a vehicle’s tires today. Other members of the caltrop family include creosote bush and the introduced European Puncture Vine, also known as Goat-head because the seeds resemble the horned head of a goat. Puncture Vine is a common summer weed in lawns and disturbed areas, an extremely obnoxious plant with the capability of poking holes in flip-flopped feet, or even puncturing a tire. Its well-earned scientific name is Tribulus terrestris — scourge of the earth! Look for Arizona Poppy along the roadside up and down Oracle Road, north to the Junction. The best viewing should be late summer (August through early September), assuming sufficient summer rainfall.

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It may not be the most practical of designs, but a German duo recently succeeded in crossing much of Australia in a wind-powered car. They set records for longest distance traveled in such a vehicle, as well as a 36-hour distance record and others. Dirk Gion and Stefan Simmerer both developed and piloted the Wind Explorer, which traveled from Albany to Sydney in 18 days. The car, which weighs only 200 kilograms, has small lithium-ion batteries that are charged overnight by a turbine erected on a bamboo tower. It also can be pulled along by a kite, when the wind blows in the right direction. To be clear, the trip was not completely powered by wind: they did need to recharge the batteries directly from the power grid very briefly, meaning that they traveled across Australia for about $15 in fuel costs. When charged, the 8 kWh battery pack could bring the car about 400 kilometers before needing to be recharged. This isn't the first attempt at a wind-powered car, of course. Others have used a more direct approach (though the kite aspect of this new vehicle is quite direct), with sails or other devices. One car even managed to use a turbine to move it faster downwind than the speed of the wind itself. Wind power isn't likely to be a primary feature of new generations of clean-running cars, but it shows that there is no shortage of new places to look for new transportation ideas.

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As part of MadeGlobal's series of book tours, I have the pleasure of hosting a stop and guest post from medical anthropologist and author, Kyra Kramer. Her first book, Blood Will Tell, examined the torturous health of an ailing Henry VIII. Now, as part of Made Global's In a Nutshell series, Kramer has a new theory about the Tudor dynasty's medical issues, which she explores in her book on Henry VIII's legitimate son and heir, Edward VI, who died at the age of fifteen in 1553. A devout, even zealous, Protestant, Edward VI was eulogised as a lost and godly innocent by subsequent generations of his co-religionists, but in her book, Kyra Kramer not only offers an introduction to those interested in Edward's life and reign, but tries to answer why "that noble imp" died at such a young age. In this guest post from Kyra, she argues that despite his youth, Edward was a precocious and involved sovereign. There's also a giveaway for a reader, with a chance to win a copy of Kyra's new book, after her guest article. About the Author Kyra Cornelius Kramer is an author and researcher with undergraduate degrees in both biology and anthropology from the University of Kentucky, as well as a masters degree in medical anthropology from Southern Methodist University. Her work is published in several peer-reviewed journals, including The Historical Journal, Studies in Gothic Fiction, and Journal of Popular Romance Studies and she regularly writes for The Tudor Society. Her books include Blood Will Tell: A medical explanation for the tyranny of Henry VIII, The Jezebel Effect: Why the slut shaming of famous queens still matters, Henry VIII’s Health in a Nutshell and Edward VI in a Nutshell. Edward VI: A True KingBy Kyra Kramer Most people assume that King Edward VI, who inherited his crown at age nine and died before he was sixteen, spent his reign as a puppet dancing on strings pulled by powerful dukes. Most people are wrong about that. In my latest book, Edward VI in a Nutshell, I explain how the young king had learned early that he could be used by power-hungry adults, and show the evidence which demonstrates his mastery of his privy councilors by the time he reached his teens: Edward’s journal, letters, and participation in government paint an undeniable picture of a monarch who was completely aware of the intricacies of ruling and his responsibilities as sovereign. When he felt his councillors weren’t taking his orders seriously, he rebuked them sharply; When someone on the Privy Council failed to rubber-stamp one of Edward’s letters, he “marveled” angrily that anyone would “refuse to signe that bill, or deliver that letter, that I had willed any one about me to write … it should be a great impediment for me to send to al my councell, and I shuld seme to be in bondage” (Nichols, 1857:347-348). Moreover, letters written to Edward from Northumberland and other councilmen are couched in the terms of fulfilling the king’s will, making it clear that Edward had the last word on the matter. Edward was blessed with the same implacable commitment to his sovereign rights as any monarch, Tudor or otherwise, who had come before him. One the first areas in which Edward started exerting his control was in regards to his eldest sister, Mary: On 9 August 1551, the king and his council met, where it was resolved that they do something about the recalcitrant former princess allowing her entire household to heat mass against Edward’s dictates and wishes. Ergo, three of Mary’s most important household officers – Sir Robert Rochester, Sir Francis Englefield, and Sir Edward Waldegrave – were arrested and summoned before the council … the three men were incarcerated in the Tower on 23 August. A few days later, on 28 August, Mary received a formal visit from lord chancellor Richard Rich, vice-chamberlain Sir Anthony Wingfield, and secretary of state William Petre. They were there to place Wingfield in Copped Hall as her new comptroller, and to let her know in no uncertain terms that her chaplains were absolutely forbidden to say mass for anyone but herself. When they appeared before her, they began by going fully into the “dissatisfaction and resentment felt by their master when he saw how firm and pertinacious she remained in the religion that she had observed up to the present. They assured her that the natural affection felt for her by the king had moved him to long-suffering, hoping that one day divine inspiration would show her the better course. Now, however, the prick of conscience and solicitude for his kingdom's welfare, which depended upon implicit obedience of all his subjects, none excepted, to the laws and statutes of the realm, forbade him to put up with her behaviour any longer. Though she had given him so many reasons for ceasing to love her, the king still desired to show her all possible kindness; and with this they brought out all the exhortations and persuasions they could think of to induce her to adopt the religion and ceremonies of England … the king would no longer permit her, or any member of her household, to observe the old religion but that he wished the decrees and laws of the realm to be obeyed inviolably and without exception of persons” (CPS Spain, 12 September 1551). When she was shown letters from the king commanding her to submit to the law of the realm like every other subject, she “excused herself from making any reply … on account of her indisposition” (CPS Spain, 12 September 1551). She insisted she was of delicate health and that they were literally killing her with their cruelty, saying “if I shall chance to die, I will protest openly that you of the Council to be the causes of my death”. Mary quickly reported her dilemma to the imperial ambassador, Scheyfve, in the hopes he could sway the king or privy council. He went before the privy council and pleaded with them, and reported that, “they had listened attentively to my words, the Earl of Warwick spoke, and said that my proposal was so important that they must report it to the King and consult his Majesty; and to this he limited himself. I rejoined that my lords were sufficiently informed of the King's intentions, and it was not necessary to consult him further. The Earl replied that the King was now so old that he wished to concern himself with all the public affairs of the kingdom; and at this they rose to go to his Majesty” (CPS Spain, 12 September 1551). Scheyfve tried using flattery to convince the councillors that they, not the king, were the ones in charge of the kingdom and they could let Mary have her mass without having to bother Edward with this little trifle. At this, the “Marquis of Northampton then retorted that I had requested them to allow the Princess to remain in the old religion until the King came of age, and it appeared from my words that I considered he had already done so. The Earl interrupted here and said he held the King to be as much of age as if he were forty” (CPS Spain, 12 September 1551). When Scheyfve finally met the king in person to discuss the matter, Edward was “unmoved by any suggestion that letting Mary have mass in her household would make the Emperor Charles V very happy. The emperor could deal with his disappointment. Scheyfve also tried to get Mary’s comptroller and officers released from the Tower, on the excuse that they were simply being imprisoned to hurt Mary, but the ambassador got the same negative results from the king. Edward let it be known that far from being unfair or cruel to Mary by taking away her loyal servants, he “had done nothing but according to a king’s office herein, in observing the laws that were so godly and in punishing the offenders” (Pollnitz, 2015:185). The king remained firm and, as she had done for their father, Mary eventually capitulated. Edward’s journals made it clear that the king was appalled by the lack of law and order in his kingdom, and was determined to do something to remedy this. Thus, the king crafted an eight-point plan to fix his realm. He wrote: “Thies sores must be curid with these medecins or plastres: 1. Good education; 2. Devising of good lawes; 3. Executing the lawes justly, without respect of persons; 4. Example of rulers; 5. Punishing of vagaboundis and idel persons; 6. Encouraging the good; 7. Ordering wel the customers; 8. Engendering friendship in al the parts of the commonwealth.” Edward’s eight-point plan was a splendid idea, based in the hopeful idealism of youth, but with an obvious and present grasp of the realities of kingship and statecraft. Warwick was right; Edward was as much of an age as if he were forty. The young king was also greatly concerned with the English currency, which had been watered down and debased by his royal father to the point where it was worth only a fraction of what it had been a decade ago before … Edward educated himself regarding the matter and had a better awareness of the economic influence of the coinage than most of his councillors. What was needed was to align pre-existing money with the value of its precious metal content and to mint new, more trustworthy coins. Edward understood both why this was necessary, and how it could be used for to the crown’s advantage. On 10 April 1551, the king wrote in his journal that “it was appointed to make twenty thousand pound weight for necessity somewhat baser, [in order] to get gains [of] £160,000 clear, by which the debt of the realm might be paid, the country defended from any sudden attempt, and the coin amended”. What this meant was that Edward knew the cost of coin production was defrayed by the relative worth of the coinage minted, and his plans “were both logical and correct … historians should see them as yet another proof of his penetrating grasp of the intricate policies with which his government wrestled”. King Edward, as intelligent as Henry VIII and as savvy as Henry VII, was no ordinary thirteen- year- old boy. Edward was more of a responsible adult at the age of fifteen than his father had been at fifty, and was also more of a forward long-term thinker. The young king had given due thought of how to improve English trade, and thus English revenue. The king became determined to make London a great “mart”, a centre of commerce to rival Antwerp. He noted that: “The Fleminges have allured men to make a mart there … having but very little commodites. Much easier shal we do it, having clothe, tinne, seacole, lead, belmetal, and such other commodites, such as few realmes christian have the like … First, our marchauntes ar to be staid from a mart … Then proclamation myst be made in divers places of the realme where merchauntes resort, that their shal be a free mart kept at Southampton, with theis liberties and costoms … If this prove wel, then may another be made at Hull”. Although becoming a massive trade centre was a good plan for the future, Edward also wanted to help his subjects in the short-term as well. For this end, the king encouraged Parliament to pass several Acts aimed at alleviating the suffering of the poor. Finally, King Edward VI and no one else was responsible for naming Lady Jane Grey his heir. |Edward's chosen heiress - the young and tragic Lady Jane Grey| Edward, always perspicacious, knew he was dying by the late spring of 1553. He needed to choose an heir. A devout and committed Protestant, he did not want his half-sister Mary to reign after him … The king wrote, in his own hand, the first draft of what he called “My Devuise for the Succession”, which named Jane Grey as next in line for the throne. The exact date he started this remarkable document is unknown, but it was possible he was working on it as early as February of 1553 and it had certainly been written by April. It has been common to assume that Jane’s nomination was a ploy by Northumberland to put his son, Jane’s husband Guilford Dudley, on the throne, but there is no evidence that Northumberland had anything to do with it, let alone having been the one to convince Edward to choose Jane. Jane and Guilford were probably not even engaged to each other at the time; that seems to have occurred after Edward had the idea of naming Jane as his heir. Just as the devuise was Edward’s baby, the decision to wed Jane to Northumberland’s son appears to have been the king’s brainchild as well. Northumberland was the man Edward thought would be the best person to assist Jane in keeping England on the path to pure Protestantism, and Edward wanted Northumberland to be the queen’s father-in-law … In the last week in May of 1553, Lady Jane Grey married Lord Guilford Dudley. The king had previously sent the bride “presents of rich ornaments and jewels” to convey his blessing on the match. With his cousin married to Guilford Dudley, Edward’s next step was to make his deuise as legally watertight as possible, which he endeavored to do throughout June of 1553. The young king was badly ailing and in a lot of pain, but his first and foremost concern was making sure Mary did not succeed the throne after him. He summoned more than a dozen of the country’s leading lawyers to draft the best version of his deuise possible. What it boiled down to was whether or not Edward could make a will that supplanted that of his late father’s. To be succinct, yes he could. Edward VI was old enough to name his successor. He was the king and no longer a child. During Edward’s lifetime the church considered childhood to end at six and you could assume adult responsibilities as young as twelve years old. While the ‘official’ age of majority to write a will in the sixteenth century was twenty-one, the concept of legal adulthood was a bit different for kings. Henry VIII was only seventeen when he became king and there was no attempt to assign him a regent; he was old enough to make adult decisions. Likewise, it was Edward’s decision as to who should rule after him. It did not matter that Mary had been reinstated in Henry VIII’s will because Henry VIII’s will did not matter so much as a gnat’s tiny poo after Edward was a de facto adult with the ability to rationally choose an heir. One of the lawyers, Edward Montagu, would later try to keep his head on his shoulders by telling the newly crowned Mary I that the lawyers didn’t want to write the document making Jane the queen, what with them being such big fans of Mary and all, but Edward made them do it. According to Montagu, the king used “sharp words an angry countenance” on the balking lawyers and “seeing the king so earnest and sharp” that they had no choice but to write up the document and sign it. Apparently the king’s sharpness was so wickedly sharp that Montagu and all but one of the senior lawyers returned ten days later to sign it again for the benefit of king and privy council. Edward was deeply committed to Jane’s ascendancy, and was determined to make everyone acquiesce to it. This wasn’t always easy. He had to go above and beyond to get Archbishop Cranmer on board the Queen Jane train. Cranmer was a good friend of Somerset’s and blamed Northumberland for the duke’s death. He was incredibly reluctant to endorse Edward’s deuise and set Northumberland up as father-in-law to the queen. Cranmer was also genuinely troubled by conscience; he had promised to obey Henry VIII’s will and Mary was next in line by the terms of that document. Was it legal or ethical to set the old king’s will aside? First, the privy council talked to Cranmer and assured him that “the king was fully entitled to override his father’s settlement”. Not quite easy in his mind, the Archbishop of Canterbury wanted to talk to his godson about it personally. The king, who had less than three weeks to live, met with Cranmer and promised him face- to- face that “the judges and his learned council said, that the act of entailing the crown, made by his father, could not be prejudicial to him, but that he, being in possession of the crown, might make his will thereof”. Still uncertain, Cranmer begged the king to be allowed to talk to the judges and the attorney general, just to make sure. The king consented, and when Cranmer spoke with them they all confirmed “that he might lawfully subscribe to the king’s will by the laws of the realm”. King Edward VI had chosen his successor fair and square and in a legally binding manner. The final draft of the document was signed by the king, signed and witnessed by 102 people (including the members of the privy council), and the great seal was applied to it. It was as official as official could ever be. Jane was to be queen. Jane would be the lawful queen. Anyone who disputed that and tried to take the crown from her would be traitors and usurpers. Rather than being a mere show-king signing off on the decisions of shadowy power players behind the throne, Edward VI was a true king. He was as much a sovereign as any longer-reigning Tudor and his tenure as the crowned head of England deserves more academic study and historical respect that it has been traditionally given. If he would have lived longer, I believe he would have stood out as one of the nation’s greatest kings, and perhaps have even eclipsed the stellar reputation of his sister, Good Queen Bess, as the ultimate Tudor monarch. About the book MadeGlobal's History in a Nutshell Series aims to give readers a good grounding in a historical topic in a concise, easily digestible and easily accessible way. Born twenty-seven years into his father's reign, Henry VIII's son, Edward VI, was the answer to a whole country's prayers. Precocious and well-loved, his life should have been idyllic and his own reign long and powerful. Unfortunately for him and for England, that was not to be the case. Crowned King of England at nine years old, Edward was thrust into a world of power players, some who were content to remain behind the throne, and some who would do anything to control it completely. Devoutly Protestant and in possession of an uncanny understanding of his realm, Edward's actions had lasting effects on the religious nature of the kingdom and would surely have triggered even more drastic changes if he hadn't tragically and unexpectedly died at the age of fifteen. Physicians of the day wrote reams of descriptions of the disease that killed him, but in Edward VI in a Nutshell, medical anthropologist Kyra Kramer (author of Henry VIII's Health in a Nutshell) proposes a new theory of what, exactly, caused his death. Straightforward and informative, Edward VI in a Nutshell will give readers a better understanding than they've ever had of the life, reign, and death, of England's last child monarch. To win a copy of Kyra Kramer's new book, answer the following question in our comment section, leaving your e-mail address. The responses will not be published and the winner will be announced, after a random selection, next Saturday. Q: What was the name of Edward VI's first stepmother? Q: What was the name of Edward VI's first stepmother?

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Arsenic removal from drinking water is a priority for local water authorities, given that long-term exposure has been linked to a host of serious health problems, including cancer, nervous system damage and atherosclerosis (inflammation) in the arteries leading to the brain. That's why Water Technology Group, Inc., in Harvard, Mass., last week licensed arsenic-trapping technology from the U.S. Department of Energy's Idaho National Laboratory (INL). Water Technology Group–an affiliate of Northeast Water Solutions, Inc. in Warwick, R.I.–wants to use INL's Nano-Composite Arsenic Sorbent (N-CAS), a beadlike resin containing high concentrations of microscopic metal oxides, to improve its ability to catch arsenic in contaminated water. The company plans to make the beads available to Northeast Water as well as other water treatment companies doing arsenic remediation. Demand for N-CAS has been high since the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2006 reduced the maximum concentration of arsenic it permits in drinking water from 50 parts per billion (ppb) to 10 ppb. The decision affected 4,000 U.S. municipalities and nearly 14 million U.S. homeowners whose water resources now exceed the new limits. (INL says 70 million people worldwide are exposed to dangerous arsenic concentrations.) INL began developing N-CAS in 2005 in anticipation of the stiffer regs, says INL research engineer and project leader Troy Tranter. INL Researchers, experts in the separation and removal of fissionable material used as nuclear fuel, engineered a nanoparticle that would react specifically with arsenic. The resin's chemistry would need to be altered for it to detect and trap other elements. N-CAS is only one of many technologies being tested for its ability to treat drinking water. New Mexico's Sandia National Laboratories, which also serves the Energy Department, since 2000 has offered local utilities, including the Public Water Service Utilities Board in El Paso, Texas, its Specific Anion Nanoengineered Sorbents (SANS) treatment for arsenic-heavy water. Images courtesy of Idaho National Laboratory

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ESSAY 1: Analysis Using Definition with APA Documentation DUE: MON., FEB. 9, 2015 NOTE: On the due date, you will not be allowed to leave the classroom to print your final draft, so please come to class prepared. NOTE: If you have an emergency that prevents your class attendance on our due date, you must follow the procedure explained in our syllabus in order for your work to be considered for grading. FINAL DRAFT LENGTH: 3 full pages of text, typed, double spaced Times New Roman 12-point font. NOT included in page count but required: Title page and References page, typed, double-spaced, Times New Roman 12-point font. STEP 1. Think about the profession your program is preparing you for and then write a definition of that occupation you plan to occupy. For example: if you plan to be a PTA, you would define the goals of that profession and/or the tasks of that profession. You could also analyze/define the characteristics of the successful PTA as well as the characteristics of the unsuccessful PTA. To handle this latter part, analyzing/defining the unsuccessful PTA, you would be using definition by negation (review p. 355, Longman). STEP 2. Locate your sources. Here are your source requirements. REQUIRED Types of Sources: You must use and are limited to these three categories of sources: 1) a scholarly, peer-reviewed journal article (either hard copy from library or from South College databases) 2) a .gov or .edu or .org web site 3) a textbook Not allowed: dictionary, .com web sites (exception: Mayoclinic.com), encyclopedia, Wikipedia, religious texts, newspapers **IF you have trouble locating material in any of these source categories, please see me. Total Number of Required Sources: 2 – 4 (If you wish to exceed 4, please get approval from me first.) NOTE: having a minimum of two required sources, of course, means you do not have to use one source from each of the required three categories of source material. If you wish to use only two sources, then you choose two of the required categories and work within those categories. STEP 3. Create your essay, and adhere to our standard requirements listed here: (Failure to meet these basic requirements will lower your essay’s final grade.) * Do not use first person. * Do not use second person. * Use Times New Roman 12-point font throughout your entire essay. * Format your entire essay according to APA guidelines (title page, headers, page numbers, spacing, margins, etc.). * Use correct APA documentation throughout your essay (in-text citations, Reference page entries, correct verb tense in signal phrases, etc.). * Be academically responsible and ethical with your use of all source material (direct quotes, paraphrases, summaries). * Proofread carefully your typing & use of borrowed passages against the original author’s work. Make sure you have no instances of inaccurate copying/typing and/or plagiarism, as we have discussed in class. * Introduction and conclusion paragraphs should each have no less than 5 – 7 sentences. The introduction should have a clearly identifiable thesis sentence. * Each body paragraph should have no less than 12 – 14 sentences. * Each body paragraph should have a clearly identifiable topic sentence that links to and develops the essay’s thesis sentence. * Each body paragraph should contain specific examples to illustrate the paragraph’s main idea. * Do not use bulleted or numbered lists anywhere in your essay. Write in standard sentences within standard paragraphs. * Use appropriate tone (mood and word choice) and diction (level of vocabulary choice) to address your college-level audience. * Use standard rules of grammar and punctuation. STEP 4. Proofread and revise your completed draft. Before turning in your work to be graded, you must spend time reviewing your pages for the following: 1) Proofread your work for typographical and other errors. STRATEGY: To proofread more successfully, try to work ahead of the due date so you can put your essay down for at least one day without reading it. Then, return to your pages with fresher (less tired) eyes for a final proofread to catch errors you may have missed while in the drafting stage. STRATEGY: You can also proofread by reading your pages in reverse order – starting with the last paragraph and finishing with the first paragraph. This sometimes helps us see individual sentences and their potential errors instead of focusing only on the message of the entire essay, which is what we think about when we read from the beginning to the end of our pages. If you turn in a final draft that is riddled with typos, spelling, grammar, and/or punctuation errors, you will lose points. 2) Proofread each of your APA citations, both in-text citations and entries on the References page. Be sure you have followed all APA rules. If you turn in a final draft that contains multiple APA errors, you will lose points. We are always aiming to provide top quality academic writing services that will surely enable you achieve your desired academic grades. Our support is round the clock!

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Where did the dinosaurs live? What did they eat? How big were they? And where DID all the dinosaurs go? It sounds like you have a budding paleontologist! From math and science activities to art and sensory play, these 20+ dinosaur activities are sure to keep your dinosaur lover busy and happy! 20+ Dinosaur Activities for Preschoolers Dinosaurs invoke wonder in children, don’t they? Being such gigantic creatures, (is gigantic even big enough?) unlike anything that exists today, it’s hard to even wrap our minds around their sheer size, let alone how and when they lived. Thus they become imagination engines for children. If you give a child a dinosaur toy he is sure to___. You fill in the blank. My preschoolers are just like yours. They love all things dinosaurs. It’s a preschool theme I can always count on to get all my preschoolers immersed in playful learning and educational activities. And with a list of activities like this one, you can see why! Journey back in time and try out these highly recommended dinosaur activities for preschoolers. 20+ Dinosaur Activities for Little Paleontologists Themed learning is one of my favorite ways to teach preschoolers. If you’re currently planning a dinosaur theme, you will love this list of ideas! Dinosaur Sensory Activities Your preschoolers will have a blast with the Dinosaur Swamp Sensory Bin by Mommy’s Bundle. Frozen Dinosaur Excavation by Fun-A-Day is a cool way to learn about dinosaurs. This Dinosaur Small World sensory bin by Fun and Fantastic Learning will keep kids learning in a fun hands-on way. You won’t believe how fun these Dinosaur Sensory Activities by Little Bins for Little Hands are! Sensory Play with Dinosaurs by Simple Fun for Kids is made with coffee grounds, dried corn, and cotton balls! So fun! Let your little paleontologists explore the age of dinosaurs by making their very own Dinosaur Nest. Dinosaur Art and Crafts Activites Make this fun DIY Paper Dinosaur Hat by Cutting Tiny Bites and let your preschoolers pretend they are dinos! The Printable Dinosaur Mask by Mother Natured will be a hit with your class! The Sparkly Paper Plate Dinosaurs by The Craft Train are so cute! Kids will love making the DIY Salt Dough Dinosaur Fossils by The Gingerbread House. Dinosaur Science Activities Check out our list of fun Dinosaur Science Activities! Learn all about Camouflaged Dinosaurs in this activity by Messy Little Monsters. Learn how dinosaurs used their tails in the Dinosaur Clubbed-Tail Experiment! Learn what happens to Dinosaurs in Lava Science in this activity by Modern Preschool. Be a Paleontologist Dinosaur in this super fun dino dig activity! Other Dinosaur Learning Activities Kids will love the Dinosaur Roar Preschool Unit by Bambini Travel. Learn the alphabet with the Dinosaur Egg Alphabet Match by Modern Preschool! Learn about the letter D in the D is for Dinosaur activity by 3 Boys and a Dog. Need more dino ideas? We have a list of over 32 Educational Dinosaur Activities! Kids will love the Dinosaur Matching Puzzle by Powerful Mothering. Use a lunchbox to guess the dino in the Dinosaur Guessing Game by Play and Learn Every Day. If you need more dinosaur help, get our Dinosaur Lesson Plans! Dinosaur Gross and Fine Motor Activities Kids will love the DIY Dinosaur Feet Stilts by Lalymom. Try these fun Dinosaur Gross Motor and Brain Break Ideas by Pink Oatmeal! Keep those kids moving with the Roll a Dinosaur Movement Game by To be a Kid Again. Dinosaur Egg: Hunt and Hatch by Adventure in a Box is a super fun dino movement game for kids! Dinosaurs Printable Play Dough Mats by JDaniel4’s Mom are a fun way to practice fine motor skills! I’m Sarah, an educator turned stay-at-home-mama of five! I’m the owner and creator of Stay At Home Educator, a website about intentional teaching and purposeful learning in the early childhood years. I’ve taught a range of levels, from preschool to college and a little bit of everything in between. Right now my focus is teaching my children and running a preschool from my home. Credentials include: Bachelors in Art, Masters in Curriculum and Instruction.

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Stepping Up is a computer and life skills training Program established by Stepping Stones in 2016, inspired by Orphan Impact’s digital literacy program in Vietnam. Stepping Up helps rural Chinese children to be better prepared for their futures after leaving school. We do this by teaching digital literacy skills common to the modern workplace. Our learning environment is designed to unleash creativity, encourage communication, develop critical thinking, and increase each student’s confidence while helping them look toward their future with excitement. Why teach Computer skills? We can hardly live without the internet these days. Computer skills are important for everyone. We do not believe that by simply bringing computers and internet into migrant schools we will magically help each child to be successful. But we do believe that with the right balance of fun and challenge, mentoring, encouragement and discipline – as well as a carefully planned curriculum and properly trained teachers, we can begin to help the children develop many of the digital literacy skills they are currently missing to be better prepared for today’s fast moving and tech-focused society. The Stepping Up Classroom consists of: - 1 lead teacher/trainer. - 1-3 volunteer assistant teachers. - 10 Windows laptops, enough for 1 computer to 1 student. - 1 projector, screen and whiteboard - DSL router and 4G backup internet - Carefully planned 40 minutes lessons, using understanding by design framework, tying back to annual curriculum goals and Stepping Up Technology Standards. - All classes are highly interactive, designed to motivate an excitement for learning, while also teaching important skills and concepts of digital literacy. Stepping Up classes take place in migrant schools from Monday to Friday and in community centres during weekends and summer holidays. We teach outside of Shanghai in Zhejiang and Jiangsu Province as well as in more remote parts of Shanghai. Shanghai-based volunteers will have to travel between 45 to 90 minutes each way from central Shanghai to participate in 2-3 40 minute lessons. Volunteers are expected to teach at least once a week, and to commit to at least one full term at a time (3-4 months). Stepping Stones will reimburse volunteers’ travel expenses, and in some cases will arrange transport for the volunteers. Benefits of volunteering for the Stepping Up project: - provides a unique opportunity to learn about a new style of teaching skills to children, involving critical thinking, problem solving, time management, collaboration and creativity; - provides an opportunity to engage closely with vulnerable youth and make a real difference to their development; - provides rich life and work experience. Teaching digital literacy skills Overview: Volunteers are needed to teach digital literacy skills or to assist our full-time computer teacher to deliver innovative computer and life skills training to small groups of middle or primary school students in migrant schools or community centers in Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu province and Shanghai. Time commitment: 5-6 hours per week (including commute and preparation time), and a minimum of one school term (3-4 months) or 4-6 weeks during the summer. Volunteering takes place about once a week during school hours or during the weekend. Stepping Stones will cover transportation costs Requirements: Native Chinese-speaker with English fluency a plus; technically competent; strong interest in teaching computer- and life-skills to middle and primary school students. Click here to sign up! If you have any further questions regarding this, please feel free to contact Teddy Shi ([email protected]).

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Mr. T.N. VENU GOPAL, ALLIANCE MARITIME (P) LTD, WHAT IS NUTRITION FACT LABEL? Nutrition fact label is a standardized format which provide vital information about the nutrient content of the food. This uniformity in presentation of nutrient attributes of food helps the consumers to distinguish between different types of foods and makes comparison easy. The USFDA in 1990 enacted the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA). The NLEA requires the food manufacturers to disclose the fat (saturated and trans-fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrate, dietary fibre, sugars and protein content in their products. The nutrient label should bear the title “Nutrition Facts”. The top of the label give information such as serving size and servings per container. Serving size represents the amount of food customarily consumed per eating occasion by persons 4 years of age or older. FD has standardized serving size (Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed or RACC) for 139 categories of food including 11 categories of specially formulated food for children under 4 years. Serving Size differ for different categories of food like; - Food in single-versus multi-serving containers. - Meal and main dish products. - Food requiring additional preparation (eg. mixes and condensed foods). - Food packaged in large discreet units that are usually divided for consumption (eg. Pies, Pizzas). - Variety Packs - Products with separately packaged ingredients for consumption together (eg. Cheese and Cracker Snack Packages). - Products that naturally vary in size (eg. Pickles). - Non-discrete bulk products (eg. Breakfast cereals and snack mixes). - Imitation or substitute products. - Serving size must be expressed in common house hold measures (eg. Cups, Teaspoon, pieces etc.) followed in parenthesis by the equivalent metric measurement ie., number of grams. This make it easier for the consumer to compare similar foods. - Below serving size, servings per container is mentioned. - After this comes amounts per serving. This simply means that the total calorie obtained by consuming a single serving of the food under consideration which include calories from fat, carbohydrate and protein. Total calories and also calories from fat are separately listed. For calculating calories, the following conversion factor is employed : - Fat – 9 Calories - Carbohydrate – 4 Calories - Protein – 4 Calories - Calories provide a measure of energy one get from a serving of the particular food. - In the absence of such information, people are likely to consume more calories than what is actually required. - The calories section of the label thus helps the consumer to decide the exact calorie requirement and thus to manage weight (eg. gain, lose or maintain). As a general guide, upto 40 calories is treated low, 100 moderate, 400 or more as high calorie food. - Nutrients such as Total Fat, Cholesterol and Sodium appear on top of the nutrient list. Since over consumption of these dietary components can lead to heart diseases, high blood pressure and cancers, it is necessary to limit these nutrients in the food. Saturated fat and cholesterol should be as low as possible is a nutritionally balanced diet as excessive intake of these nutrients is a public health concern. - This is followed by nutrients such as total carbohydrate, dietary fibre, sugars, Vitamin-A, Vitamin-C, Calcium and Iron. These nutrients are essential to maintain good health. For example a high intake of calcium reduces the chances of Osteoporosis. Similarly, a diet rich in dietary fibre, promotes health bowl function and reduces the chances of colon cancer and peptic ulcers. Like wise, Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA’s) present in fish oils reduce the risk of heart disease. Thus, nutrition facts label helps the consumer to select food which is rich in useful nutrients and limit the consumption of other nutrients. - In addition to the nutrients and their amounts listed above, on the right side of the panel is the Percent Daily Value in bold type corresponding to each nutrient. Thus, there is a % Daily Value (DV) for each of the listed nutrient. The percent daily value is based on a 2000-calorie diet which is established as reference because it fulfills the calorie requirement of post menopausal women, who is at risk from excessive intake of calories and fat. - The lower part of the nutrient label gives as footnote, the upper daily consumption limit for different nutrients based on a 2000-calorie diet. - The Daily Recommended Value (DRV) stipulated by USFDA for energy producing nutrients are given below :- - Nutrient Daily Recommended Value (DRV) - Fat 30% of total calories - Saturated Fat 10% of total calories - Carbohydrate 60% of total calories - Protein 10% of total calories Fibre 11.5 gm per 1000 calories Nutrients such as total fat, trans fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium have upper daily limits. This means consumption of these nutrients should be less than the Daily Value. Whereas nutrients like dietary fibre, protein, vitamins, calcium and iron the Daily Value is the lower daily limits. This implies that one has to include maximum amount of these nutrients in the diet for a balanced diet based on 2000 calories. Daily Values must be declared for all nutrients except calories, protein and other nutrients for which reference amounts have not been established. Percent Daily Value for protein is needed only when a claim is made such as “high in protein”. This is because scientific evidence suggest that protein in take is not a public health concern for adults and children over 4 years of age. From the Daily Value, we can calculate the % Daily Value of particular nutrients. For example, in the sample nutrition facts label, % Daily Value is calculated as follows :- Daily Value gm % Daily Value Total Fat 13 gm Sat. fat 5 gm Cholesterol 30 mg Sodium 660 mg Carbohydrate 31 gm The % DV thus helps to understand if a given food is high or low in a nutrient. The % DV also helps to compare one product or brand to a similar product. Since we can differentiate which food will give higher nutrients and which one lower nutrients provided servicing sizes are similar. %DV also helps to distinguish one claim from another such as “Reduced Fact” vs “Light” or non fat. A comparison of % DV for total fat in each product will reveal which one is higher or lower in that nutrient. No Daily Value has been established for sugars because no recommendations have been made for the total amount to eat in a day. It should be noted that sugars listed in the nutrition facts label include naturally occurring sugars (like those in fruits-fructose and milk-lactose) as well as those added to a food or drink. To limit nutrients that have no % DV, like sugars, compare labels of similar products and select the food with lowest amount. According to FDA, the nutrition labelling is required to reflect the nutrient content of the food at the time of purchase by the ultimate consumer. FDA has no requirement regarding how label values for nutrient content are determined and it is completely the responsibility of the manufacturer. Further, he is under no objection to reveal to FDA the source of its nutrient content information. The manufacturer must resolve issues of cost, speed, label accuracy and reliability of nutrient composition data for NLEX compliance. Nutrient content determination of food for nutrition labelling can be done either by laboratory analysis as can rely on published database or a combination of both. For chemical analysis for nutrient content determination FDA suggests standardized and internationally approved methods like those published by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). NEW FOOD LABEL - In January 2006, FDA has required that apart from saturated fat and cholesterol, trans-fat should also be included in the nutrition facts panel. This enables the consumers to know how much of all three – saturated fat, trans-fat and cholesterol are in the food they choose. This provides the consumers to make heart healthy food choices that help to reduce diseases like Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD). Saturated fat and trans-fat are always called ‘bad fats’ because they raise cholesterol and increase a person’s risk for developing heart disease. Both saturated and trans-fat are solid at room temperature. Saturated fat usually comes from animal products like butter, cheese, whole milk, ice cream and meats. Trans-fats are naturally found in these foods, too. But they are also in vegetable oils that have been specially treated, or hydrogenated, so they are solid at room temperature – the fats in stick margarine and shortening, for example. Some cookies, crackers, fried foods, snack foods, and processed foods also contain trans-fats. Saturated fats should account for less than 10% of the calories that a child eats each day, and the amount of trans-fat that your child consumes should be as low as possible. When comparing foods, look at the Nutrition Facts panel, and choose the food with the lower amounts of saturated fat, trans-fat, and cholesterol. Health experts recommend that you keep your intake of saturated fat, trans-fat, and cholesterol as low as possible while consuming a nutritionally adequate diet. Do not assume similar products are the same. Even similar products can vary in calories, ingredients, nutrients and the size and number of servings in a package. Even for the same brand of product, check the Nutrition Facts panel frequently because ingredients can change at any time. Although the updated Nutrition Facts panel will list the amount of trans-fat in a product, it will not show a Percent Daily value (%DV). While scientific reports have confirmed the relationship between trans-fat and an increased risk of CHD, none has recommended an amount oftrans-fat that the FDA could use to establish a Daily Value or a % DV. Some practical tips :- Ø Check the Nutrition Facts panel and choose foods lower in saturated fat, trans-fat and cholesterol. Ø Choose alternative fats. Replace saturated and trans-fats in your foods with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Sources of MUFA are canola and olive oil and sources of PUFA are soybean oil and corn oil. Ø Consider fish because most fish contains PUFAS. Fishes like Mackerel, Sardine and Salmon contain omega-3 fatty acids which provide protection against heart diseases. Ø Choose lean meats, such as poultry without skin and not fried and lean beef and pork, not fried, with visible fat trimmed. Ø Limit foods in high cholesterol such as liver and organ meats, egg yolks, and full-fat dairy products, like whole milk. FOOD ALLERGEN LABELLING Food Allergies is a growing health issue. FDA in 2004, introduced Food Allergen Labelling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA). The Act requires that the label of a food that contains an ingredient that is or contains protein from a ‘major food allergen’ declare the presence of the allergen. More that 160 foods have been identified to cause food allergies in sensitive individuals. However, according to FDA over 90 percent of all food allergies is caused by eight food items. They are :- 3. Fish (Eg. Bass, Flounder, Cod) 4. Crustacean Shell Fish (Eg. Crab, Lobster, Shrimps) 5. Tree Nuts (Eg. Almonds & Walnuts) CLASSES OF NUTRIENTS FDA classifies Nutrients under two classes :- - Class I Nutrients : These are nutrients which are intentionally added in fortified or fabricated foods to enhance its nutritive value. Since these nutrient addition is completely under the control of the manufacturer, it is suspected that these nutrients are present at 100% or more of the declared value otherwise the food will be deemed misbranded. Nutrients under Class I generally includes vitamins, minerals, protein, dietary fibre and potassium. Because of this reason, it is advisable to confirm Class I Nutrients by laboratory analysis rather than relying on formulation records. - Class II Nutrients : These are naturally occurring nutrients and include nutrients indigenous to ingredients added to a food. Since these naturally occurring nutrients may vary, it is suspected that these nutrients are present at 80 percent or more of the declared value. Due to a number of reasons, these nutrient variation can occur like pre-processing storage, nutrient loss or concentration due to freezing, drying, heat processing, or other processing methods, nutrient variability due to difference in product formulation or processing method and post-process handling and storage. Class II Nutrients generally include vitamins, minerals, protein, total carbohydrate, dietary fibre, other carbohydrate, polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat and potassium. So the main difference is that while Class I Nutrients are intentionally added to a food, Class II Nutrients are naturally occurring. Because of this reason, if an indigenous natural nutrient (Class II) is added it will be treated as Class I Nutrient (ie., 100 percent or more than the declared value). - Apart from these two classes of nutrients, FDA identifies “Third Group Nutrients”, which include calories, sugars, total fat, saturated fat, trans-fat, cholesterol and sodium. FDA further specifies that these Third Group Nutrients should not exceed more than 120 percent of the declared value. - The above requirement of 80% min. for Class II Nutrients and 120% max. for Third Group Nutrients is commonly called “80/120” rule. - While Class I and Class II Nutrients promote health, Third Group Nutrients can cause health problems if consumed above the required level. Therefore, there is always a concern of “Over Declaration” of Class II (claiming more than the actual nutrient content) and “Under Declaration” (claiming less than the actual nutrient content) of Third Group Nutrients. - The NLEA identifies 15 nutrients as mandatory for nutrient declaration. They are calories, calorie from fat, total fat, saturated fat, trans-fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrate, dietary fibre, sugars, protein, Vitamin-A, Vitamin-C, calcium and iron. There is a second group of voluntary nutrients. These include calories from saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, potassium, soluble and insoluble fibres, sugar alcohol, other carbohydrate, other vitamins and minerals. Though these nutrients can be declared voluntarily, if any claim is made any of them or if a food is fortified or enriched with any of them, then it becomes mandatory to declare their nutrition information. Other than these mandatory and voluntary nutrients FDA does not allow any other nutrient content on the nutrient label.

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Water: The Elixir of Life Gallery Our Earth is unique because it is the only known place in the universe where water exists as a liquid thus enabling life in all its diversity to thrive here. When human population was small their effect on the planet and its water bodies was also manageable. But over the past century, it has exploded thus creating an adverse impact both on quality and quantity of potable water. Human impact has resulted in growth of sprawling cities and towns which pollute our rivers with increasing amounts of waste and threaten our water systems as we squander this precious resource. This exhibition on Water – The Elixir of Life, is aimed at creating awareness about this scarce and all important source of life among the visitors specially the children. The gallery unfolds with a plethora of exhibits that cover various issues related to water. How much of it is available on our planet and what percentage of it is potable and in what form is water available on the Earth are some of the issues that are dealt with in the exhibition. Other issues like the water cycle, water on different continents, water in ones body, water conservation, water treatment plants, properties of water, cultural and religious practices and their impact on our rivers etc are also covered in the exhibitions. The exhibition ends with a computer quiz on water and a pledge which the visitors can take to conserve water and protect this unique life supporting source for our future generations. Exhibit on water efficient devices helps the visitor understand how we can conserve water as well as avoid wastage of water using intelligent planning, management and use of conservation devices. Water saved is water produced.

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Background of addressing the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a real and immediate global threat. The damaging effects caused by resistant pathogens are already responsible for an estimated 700,000 deaths per year globally, and future projections of the impact of unresolved AMR surpass the projected number of deaths caused by cancer by 2050. As AMR also could have a grave impact on the global economy, it potentially could pose a high direct and indirect cost to society. In the future, lack of effective antibiotics could make routine medical interventions extremely dangerous or even impossible. For these reasons, AMR must be regarded as a global, regional, and national priority for health organizations and governments, to be addressed with the utmost urgency on a global scale. WHO and United Nations Initiatives to Tackle AMR WHO Global Action Plan - Global cooperation spearheaded by World Health Assembly - Global Action Plan setting out five strategic objectives - 1Improving awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance - 2Strengthening the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research - 3Reducing the incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention measures - 4Optimizing the use of antimicrobial agents in human and animal health - 5Developing an economic case for sustainable investment United Nations High-Level Meeting (September 2016) - World leaders signaled an unprecedented level of attention to curb the spread of multidrug-resistant infections. - Countries reaffirmed their commitment to develop national action plans on AMR. - Leaders recognized the need for stronger systems to monitor drug-resistant infections and the volume of antimicrobials used in humans, animals and crops, as well as increased international cooperation and funding. - Leaders also called for new incentives for investment in research and development of new, effective and affordable medicines, rapid diagnostic tests, and other important therapies to replace those that are losing their power. WHO List of Antibiotic-Resistant “Priority Pathogens” On February 27, 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) published its first-ever list of antibiotic-resistant “priority pathogens,” a catalog of 12 families of bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health. Stating that “Antibiotic resistance is growing, and we are fast running out of treatment options,” the WHO stressed the need to develop new antibiotics. The 12 pathogens on the list are divided into three categories according to the urgency of need for new antibiotics, with carbapenem-resistant bacteria slotting into the critical category where the need for new antibiotics is considered particularly urgent. |Streptococcus pneumoniae||Streptococcus pneumoniae|

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How did Shang kings maintain their power? The kings interacted with their forefathers utilizing oracle bones and made regular sacrifices to them As in numerous other societies, they compromised animals to royal forefathers and to numerous nature gods, 9 utilizing sacrifices to ask the forefathers or gods for aid and to feed the forefathers or gods to keep them strong. Who did the Shang kings depend on to remain in power? Shang Social Structure He worked as the political, spiritual, and military leader of China. The kings frequently count on their armies, led by warlords, to safeguard the kingdom and remain in power. The king, warlords, and other royal authorities were the upper class in China. They passed their land and power to their kids. How did Shang and Zhou kings keep control of their empires? At the start of the Zhou Dynasty’s guideline, the Duke of Zhou, a regent to the king, held a great deal of power, and the king rewarded the commitment of nobles and generals with big pieces of land. Delegating local control in this method permitted the Zhou to preserve control over a huge acreage. Why was the Shang dynasty so effective? The Shang Dynasty is the earliest judgment dynasty of China to be developed in taped history, though other dynasties preceded it. The Shang ruled from 1600 to 1046 B.C. and declared the Bronze Age in China. They were understood for their advances in mathematics, astronomy, art work and military innovation What states did the Shang control? The duration of Shang guideline is generally dated 1766 to 1122 BC. The Shang managed the North China Plain, a location near the Yellow River approximately representing the modern-day provinces of Anhui, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, and Shanxi How did the king extend his power in the Shang federal government? How would a Shang king extend his power? He would established smaller sized kingdoms led by his nephews and more youthful bros Battle to protect and broaden the kingdom. Which of the following held true of the Shang’s usage of bronze? How did the power of the king modification throughout the Zhou Dynasty? How did the power of the king modification throughout the Zhou dynasty? The power of the king throughout the Zhou dynasty altered due to the fact that he needed to act virtuously How was the Zhou dynasty comparable to the Shang dynasty? They were comparable due to the fact that they both ruled long and were both fantastic dynasties. What did the Shang do to guarantee their kings were served in the afterlife text to speech? What did the Shang do to guarantee their kings were served in the afterlife? They buried animals, servants, and servants in the burial places What was the factor for the Zhou Dynasty to increase to power? The Mandate of Heaven ended up being the ideological basis of Zhou guideline, and a vital part of Chinese political approach for numerous centuries. The Mandate of Heaven described why the Zhou kings had authority to rule China and why they were validated in deposing the Shang dynasty. How did the Shang Dynasty get control of the Yellow River Valley? They got into the valley and beat the previous rulers They befriended individuals and became their politicians. They utilized watering to handle water and gain control over individuals. Why did Shang kings count on oracle bones? The Shang individuals utilized oracle bones to interact with forefathers and divine beings, who were thought to have the power to bestow fortune, catastrophes and assistance on the living world At the royal court, the oracle bones prophecy was performed by relied on ‘diviners’ or by the king and other members of the royal household. How did the Shang Dynasty interact? One of the methods Shang kings interacted with their forefathers was by composing concerns on shells and bones A diviner would use a heated rod to the backs of the bones. The fractures that formed were translated as the forefathers’ responses to the composed concerns. The shells and bones are called ‘oracle bones’. How did the Shang Dynasty impact military innovation? The Shang made numerous things out of bronze, consisting of ritualistic tools, swords, and leads for the military The Shang likewise domesticated horses and established the chariot, which provided an enormous military benefit over their challengers. What product did the Shang usage for weapons that provided a benefit in war? Shang metal employees established an extremely advanced approach for casting bronze and utilized it to make ritualistic things and weapons. Bronze swords and spearheads were more powerful than other offered metals, offering Shang soldiers a benefit in fight. When was the Shang dynasty in power? The dates offered for the starting of the Shang dynasty differ from about 1760 to 1520 bce, and the dates for the dynasty’s fall likewise differ, from 1122 to 1030 bce. The duration of the dynasty’s guideline has actually typically been dated 1766–1122 bce What did the Shang king provide for the nobles in exchange for their military assistance? What did the Shang king provide for Nobles in exchange for their military aid? He was not most likely to hinder their control over the land Which group of craftsmens were specifically valued in Shang society? Craftsmens that were competent in Bronze. How did bronze assist the Shang? The period of the Shang and the Zhou dynasties is usually called the Bronze Age of China, since bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, utilized to style weapons, parts of chariots, and routine vessels, played an essential function in the product culture of the time. How were kings figured out throughout the Shang Dynasty? The Shang Dynasty was a monarchy governed by a series of kings, 29 or 30 in overall, throughout nearly 600 years. The king was served by authorities who held specialized positions of authority and function; and the authorities came from a genetic class of aristocrats, generally associated with the king himself. How did the Zhou toppled the Shang? In 1046 BCE, the Zhou, a subject individuals residing in the western part of the kingdom, toppled the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of Muye This was a fight in between Shang and Zhou clans, over the Shang’s growth. What are 2 achievements of the Shang Dynasty? Many advancements happened throughout the Shang period consisting of the earliest recognized Chinese writing, an extremely established calendar, a number system and the very first usage of chariots in China. Artifacts recommend that bronze casting and jade sculpting reached unmatched heights throughout their reign. How was Shang society structured? Citizens of the Shang Dynasty were categorized into 4 social classes: the king and upper class, the military, craftsmens and artisans, and peasants Members of the upper class were the most appreciated social class, and was accountable for governing smaller sized locations of the dynasty. How did the Shang Dynasty acquire control of the Yellow River valley quizlet? They reached China by 1200 BCE. Shang judgment elites monopolized the production of bronze in the Yellow River Valley by managing access to copper and tin and by using artisans to produce big amounts of bronze weapons Why was Yellow River essential to Shang? Chinese describe the Yellow river as “the Mother River” and “the Cradle of Chinese Civilization”. That is due to the fact that the Yellow River was the birth place of ancient Chinese civilizations in the Xia (2100–1600 BC) and Shang (1600–1046 BC) periods— the most thriving area in early Chinese history. What dynasty took control after completion of the Shang Dynasty? The Shang Dynasty was changed by the Zhou Dynasty(1046-256 BCE) which started to liquify in its last years into the stage called the Warring States Period (c. 481-221 BCE). Throughout this time, the 7 states which had actually been under Zhou control combated each other for supreme guideline of the nation. How did ancient Chinese dynasties get and preserve their power? When that ruler passes away, another family member will take power, generally the earliest kid. When a brand-new household takes control, then a brand-new dynasty starts. The Mandate of Heaven is what the Chinese individuals thought provided their rulers the right to be king or emperor. Which of these explains the factor the Shang fell from power? continuous warfare, luxurious costs, and corruption in the gentility might have resulted in the Shang dynasty’s failure. What was the function of oracle bones? Oracle bones were utilized for prophecy over 3 thousand years back in ancient China and they are amongst the earliest products kept in the British Library. Concerns about crops, the weather condition, fights, and the judgment household were inscribed on the bone and heat was then used with metal sticks. How did the Shang kings govern China? Shang kings picked warlords to govern the kingdom’s areas. How did the Shang army win fights? During the biggest fights, the army might rise to 13,000 soldiers! They utilized chariots which were faster than soldiers. As an outcome, their opponents would tire quicker. The Shang army took wealth, food, animals and detainees from their opponents throughout war. How did the Shang king and nobles compromise their economy? How may the Shang king and his nobles have compromised their economy? They invested excessive on their palaces What frequently took place to individuals the Shang caught in wars? They dealt with building and construction, as servants. For what function would a Shang leader more than likely usage an oracle bone made from a turtle shell? Oracle Bones (likewise referred to as Dragon’s Bones) were the shoulder blades of oxen or plastrons of turtles (the flat, underside of the turtle’s shell) which were utilized in the Shang Dynasty of China (c. 1600-1046 BCE) for prophecy How was power dispersed in the Shang Dynasty? Shang society, like a lot of early farming locations, was divided into various classes of individuals. Rulers (kings) and the rich had one of the most status, followed by the military and bureaucrats Next came craftsmens and competent employees such as craftspeople and lastly the peasants, who were generally farmers. How did Shang craftsmens develop bronze urns? How did Shang craftsmens produce bronze urns? Artisans made clay molds in numerous areas. Next, they sculpted comprehensive styles into the clay. Then, they fit the pieces of the mold securely together and gathered melted bronze. What were 2 products the Shang developed? The Shang were experienced employees in bone, jade, ceramics, stone, wood, shells, and bronze, as shown by the discovery of stores discovered on the borders of excavated palaces. What was the most essential element of Shang culture? Their biggest contribution was their deal with bronze, which the Chinese established as early as 1500 BCE. Their deal with bronze was an extremely essential element of society. What most assisted Shang kings remain in power? What most assisted Shang kings remain in power? Shang weapons were specifically strong due to the fact that proficient craftsmens made these things from … iron. stone. What was the function of the king in the Shang Dynasty? Within Shang culture, the king likewise worked as a priest It was thought that forefathers interacted through the god Di, and the Shang king led in the praise of Shangdi, thought about the supreme forefather, in addition to interacting with the other forefathers. Who were the most essential rulers of the Shang Dynasty? - Cheng Tang, 1675 to 1646 BCE. - Wai Bing, 1646 to 1644 BCE. - Zhong Ren, 1644 to 1640 BCE. - Tai Jia, 1535 to 1523 BCE. - Wo Ding, 1523 to 1504 BCE. - Tai Geng, 1504 to 1479 BCE. - Xiao Jia, 1479 to 1462 BCE. - Yong Ji, 1462 to 1450 BCE. What were 2 achievements of the Shang Dynasty Brainly? What were 2 achievements of the Shang Dynasty Brainly? Bronze work, military innovation, consisting of horse-drawn chariots, composing and a calendar were amongst the achievements and attributes of the Shang Dynasty. What are the attributes of the Shang Dynasty? The Shang Dynasty’s achievements and attributes consist of bronze work, military innovation, consisting of horse-drawn chariots, composing, a calendar, and faith, which included forefather praise and oracle bones The Shang Dynasty was toppled by King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty about 1100 BC. What did the Shang religious beliefs concentrate on? Shang faith was defined by a mix of animism, shamanism, spiritual control of the world, prophecy, and regard and praise of dead forefathers, consisting of through sacrifice How did the power of the king modification throughout the Zhou Dynasty? How did the power of the king modification throughout the Zhou dynasty? The power of the king throughout the Zhou dynasty altered since he needed to act virtuously How was the Zhou dynasty comparable to the Shang dynasty? They were comparable due to the fact that they both ruled long and were both excellent dynasties. What did the Zhou leaders think warranted their disobedience versus the Shang? Early Zhou rulers utilized the required of paradise to validate their disobedience versus the Shang. Why did the rulers grant land? They gave land to others in return for commitment, military assistance, and other services. How did the Shang Dynasty lose the Mandate of Heaven? Just as both the Xia and Shang had actually lost their required through misrule and unethical conduct so, too, the Zhou rulers who followed Wen’s reign, were acutely mindful that if they did not perform their function with propriety then they too might lose the right to rule and, undoubtedly, they would be dominated by a competing and more …

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Unmasking a Hidden Glow The image on the left shows a portion of our sky, called the Boötes field, in infrared light, while the image on the right shows a mysterious, background infrared glow captured by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope in the same region of sky. Using Spitzer, researchers were able to detect this background glow, which spreads across the whole sky, by masking out light from galaxies and other known sources of light (the masks are the gray, blotchy marks). The scientists find that this light is coming from stray stars that were torn away from galaxies. When galaxies tangle and merge -- a natural stage of galaxy growth -- stars often get kicked out in the process. The stars are too faint to be seen individually, but Spitzer may be seeing their collective glow. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UC Irvine

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The Dead Zone of the Gulf of Mexico is as Large as Delaware NOAA-funded scientists went on their yearly research cruise aboard the R/V Pelican in order to determine the size of the “Dead Zone” in the Gulf of Mexico. They discovered that not only is this summer’s “dead zone” below average, but is actually the fourth smallest area mapped since 1985. Researchers approximated the zone as approximately 2,720 square miles, which is much lower than NOAA’s June forecast of 5,780 square miles. Graphic: The distribution of bottom-water dissolved oxygen taken during a research cruise from July 24 to 28. Credit: N.Rabalais, LSU/LUMCON & R. Turner, LSU, NOAA. Nancy Rabalias, a Ph.D professor at LSU and LUMCON who led the survey mission, attributes the low levels to “persistent winds from the west and northwest in the few weeks preceding the cruise likely pushed the low oxygen water mass to the east and piled it towards the central shelf and towards Grand Isle. Additional winds and waves at the beginning of the cruise in the area of the immediate west of the Mississippi River delta to the area off Barataria Pass, likely mixed oxygen into these shallower waters.” Graphic: Nancy Rabalais conducting oxygen reading of the Gulf. Credit: N. Rabalais, LSU, NOAA. Researches from Louisiana State University and the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium have been conducting this cruise since 1975. The “Dead Zone” refers to hypoxia, which is an environmental phenomenon where the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water column decreases to a level that can no longer support living aquatic organisms. Graphic: Diagram of Eutrophication. Hypoxia varies under several different conditions, but occurs when less dense freshwater from an estuary or river mixes with heavier seawater along the Louisiana coast. This ‘layering’ helps to restrict the supply of oxygen from surface water to more saline bottom waters, leading to hypoxic conditions at lower depths. Hypoxia often happens as a consequence of human-induced factors, especially nutrient pollution, which is caused by agricultural runoff, fossil-fuel burning, and wastewater treatment effluent. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that high concentrations of nitrogen are present in 28% of the nation’s stream length, and 40% for Phosphorus. Graphic: Map of major cities and farmland that is within the Mississippi River watershed. New initiates such as the Runoff Risk Forecast are reaching new states and are designed to help farmers apply fertilizer at optimum times to ensure it stays on fields and nutrient runoff to the Gulf is limited. Although, the below average hypoxic zone is promising news for a healthy Gulf Coast ecosystem, it is only a snapshot of the dynamic hypoxic zone that varies as a result of ever-changing meteorologic and hydrologic conditions. NOAA continues to fund monitoring and research efforts to understand the “dead zone” and to study the impacts of hypoxia on fish and fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico through its NGOMEX program. LUMCON’s Gulf Hypoxia website also has additional graphics and information about this summer’s research mission and past missions. Desktop NewsClick to open Continuous News in a sidebar that updates in real-time. Watch 6pm news report before Saints' 2006 return to the Superdome Procession of law enforcement leads somber motorcade for EBR deputy who died... Sunday Journal: Keeping Hope Alive for the Homeless Rapid Test Results for COVID-19 available at Lake After Hours New info expected in EBRSO deputy's virus-related death

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After several years of increases, the number of chlamydia cases dropped in 2013. However, gonorrhea and syphilis infections in the region continued to climb, the County Health and Human Services Agency announced yesterday. Last year, the number of chlamydia cases dropped by 4 percent—from 16,538 cases in 2012 to 16,042 in 2013. “A decline in chlamydia cases was reported for the first time in several years, and that is good news for San Diego County,” said Wilma Wooten, M.D., M.P.H., County public health officer. “However, this is just a one-year drop. Sexually active individuals should continue to take precautionary measures to avoid getting infected with chlamydia and other STDs, especially since gonorrhea and syphilis cases went up.” The number of gonorrhea cases jumped by 10 percent, with the increase coming largely among men. There were 2,597 cases in 2012, compared to 2,865 last year. Women account for less than a third of the total cases of gonorrhea reported in the county. Primary and secondary syphilis cases (considered the most infectious) also increased by 4 percent, from 333 cases in 2012 to 347 cases last year. The vast majority of these cases occurred in men. Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused the bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This bacterium can infect the genital tract, mouth and rectum of both men and women. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium, Treponema pallidum. The most common way to get syphilis is by having sexual contact (oral, genital or anal) with an infected person. The secondary lesions are also infective and contactwith them could transmit the bacteria. It can also be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby (congenital transmission). The most common bacterial STI, Chlamydia is the most commonly reported notifiable disease in the United States. Known as the “silent” infection because it is so often asymptomatic, untreated Chlamydia an carry some serious complications to include pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is a major cause of infertility,ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. For more infectious disease news and information, visit and “like” the Infectious Disease News Facebook page

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To perform a pilot evaluation of new examination methods for the detection of glaucoma and other causes of visual impairment in rural East Africa. Testing was performed by local eye nurses after a brief training course. Two novel tests of visual function were used, a scotopic sensitivity test and a visual field test performed on a laptop computer. The optic disc was examined with direct ophthalmoscopy after pupillary dilation and compared with standard photographs on a laminated card. Intraocular pressure was measured with a hand-held, electronic tonometer. One hundred twenty adult villagers. The visual function tests could be performed on more than 90% of subjects, and the results were correlated with the size of the optic disc cup, an objective measure of glaucoma injury. This survey shows the practicality of instrumentbased testing of visual function under field conditions.

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“To ignite the Flame of Knowledge and Nurture talent of children in Schools in underprivileged localities” - Encourage children to read and to express themselves fearlessly. - Nudge them to discover the world around them through story books and find joy in reading. - Expose children to new ideas and concepts though volunteer engagement, workshops and programs by NGOs and Corporates. Increase their knowledge and general awareness. - Help children discover their talents through art, craft, music and dance and various other activities in the Library cum Creativity Centres. Give them a platform to express themselves creatively. - Instill confidence, discipline and good values. - Guide children towards a better future. - Sponsor education of bright children to change the course of their lives. - Encourage volunteerism particularly in young people. “Igniting the flame, Nurturing education for the underprivileged”

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It’s important to take periodontal disease seriously – both as to prevention and treatment. Most US adults will have at least a mild form of gum disease at some point during their life, but with timely and appropriate action, it need not be permanent nor cause long-term problems. There are many methods of reversing and curing periodontal disease used by well trained and equipped periodontists today. Laser periodontal treatment, however, stands out as the most advanced and overall most beneficial option for most patients. Below, we will look at the dire effects of gum disease if left untreated, at various other ways of dealing with gum disease, and finally, at the basics concerning modern “laser gum surgery.” What Is Periodontal Disease And Why Is It Dangerous? Left untreated, periodontal (gum) disease can result in a variety of serious health problems. Its effects are not limited to oral health alone but can spread to other parts of the body, increasing the odds of heart disease, stroke, out of control diabetes, Alzheimer’s, respiratory problems, birth defects, and even certain forms of cancer. Gum disease begins to develop when plaque and tartar build up on the gum tissue (not just on the teeth) and provide a feeding and breeding ground for harmful bacteria. A thin film develops, which is composed of bacterial colonies. These pathogens infect your gum tissue, destroy it, give off a foul odor, target tooth roots, and can spread infection or inflammation to other parts of the body through the bloodstream. The earliest stage of gum disease is called gingivitis. The more advanced stage is called periodontitis. At first, the main symptoms may be a little “pink in the sink,” slight gum pain, and chronically bad breath (called “halitosis” by dentists). Later on, teeth can come loose, infections can worsen until white pus is exuded, periodontal pockets of bacteria may dig deeper below the gum line, and even the alveolar bone below the gums can be affected. How Is Gum Disease Normally Treated? Preventing gum disease is a matter of good oral hygiene and regular dental and periodontal checkups. But even with the best of efforts, it’s still possible your gums could get infected. In that case, the earlier you seek treatment, the better your chances of reversing it with minimal damage done. In some cases, treatment will involve little more than cleaning your mouth (teeth and gums), educating you on how to improve your oral hygiene going forward, and alerting you of special dental hygiene tools you can use. It may also involve encouraging you to quit smoking, avoid excessive drinking, and follow a healthier diet to reduce the risk of the gum disease continuing and getting worse. The next stage is often root scaling and planing. This is a surgical form of treatment, unlike laser periodontal treatment which is non-invasive and involves no scalpels. With root planing and scaling, the gums are lifted up and the tooth roots are thoroughly “scraped” and cleaned. Certain antibiotics or temporary antibiotic patches/chips may also be prescribed. Sometimes, a prescription-level antimicrobial mouth wash will also be prescribed. If bacteria have dug deep below the gum line, then a surgical “pocket reduction” will have to be done. This will require cutting away infected tissue, killing bacteria in the relevant area, and reattaching the gum tissue to the tooth roots. If periodontal disease has resulted in a lowered gum line, you may want to consider PST (pinhole surgical technique) grafts, which can raise the gums to their original, natural position. Gum flap surgery is another option. This means that the gums are cut and stretched out so that they can be extended further upward – after they have sank very far down. Gum or soft tissue grafts may also be used to add more gum material and to help trigger faster gum rejuvenation post-op. Finally, when periodontal disease has eaten away at the bone tissue just below the gums, then you may need bone grafts to restore this lost material. (In other cases, bone grafts are used to bolster the oral cavity before a dental implant is received.) What’s So Good About Laser Periodontal Treatment? As we have seen, laser periodontal treatment is by no means the only way to treat gum disease. And the other options listed above certainly have their place. However, laser periodontal treatment is easily the best overall method. Here’s why. First of all, there is no need for a scalpel with laser gum surgery. A well-trained periodontist will use a LANAP or similar handheld laser tool to eliminate infected gum tissue. The laser is so precise that it saves a lot of healthy gum tissue that is adjacent to infected tissue – something no other method can replicate. The procedure is very low-pain. In fact, most people barely feel a thing. You don’t really need an anesthetic with laser periodontal treatment, although, some patients prefer oral dental sedation. Laser periodontal treatment eliminates bacteria more thoroughly than other methods and has a much lower reinfection rate as a result. It can be done in a single sitting as well, and there is very little pain, bleeding, or swelling post-op. Most people are able to return to work and to their normal daily routines within a day, and the overall healing time is much quicker. The bottom line is that laser technology can be used to treat gum disease more effectively, faster, and with less chance of recurrence. That’s hard to beat. So again, while not the only viable option, laser periodontal treatment is fast becoming one of the most popular options available today. To learn more about laser periodontal treatment or other gum disease treatment options, contact Ormond Beach Periodontics & Implant Dentistry in Central Florida today for a free consultation!

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Water-related Technical Assistance and Outbreak Response When people and communities in the U.S. and internationally are concerned about the safety of their drinking and recreational waters, they contact Health Studies Branch for answers and action. HSB conducts rapid epidemiologic investigations in response to outbreaks that may be associated with exposure to water contaminated with non-infectious agents (e.g., chemicals, toxins, heavy metals). Our subject matter experts also provide technical assistance and consultation to state, local, other federal, and international public health agencies. Environmental conditions greatly influence the relation between water and human health. Challenges to the healthfulness of U.S. water include (1) pathogens resistant to standard water treatment methods, (2) chemical and biological contaminants, (3) aging or inadequate water system infrastructure, and (4) emergency- or disaster-related events. During 1999–2000, 25 states reported 39 drinking water-related outbreaks that caused 2,068 cases of illnesses and 2 deaths. Of the 22 outbreaks for which a cause was identified, 20 were associated with pathogens (parasites, bacteria, or viruses) and 2 were associated with chemical poisonings (nitrate and sodium hydroxide) (MMWR November 22, 2002;51[SS08]:1–28). There are concerns that some substances in water, such as disinfection byproducts and toxins released by marine algae, are associated with health effects. For examples of how HSB has helped state and local public health authorities in the past, please click here.

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We want different things It’s no secret that parents and children want different things from a garden. While adults are interested in beautiful design, property value and maintenance, kids are often happiest in an unkempt jungle that allows for free play. But there are some ways that both kids and parents can get what they want from an outdoor space ... Finding a happy medium Flower beds can restrict play and make areas of the garden “out of bounds” to children. Instead try to keep space between plantings for children to explore. Too many open spaces can restrict play; create areas for hiding and exploring. Play equipment is great but try to allow some space for children to use their imaginations for free play. Choose plants that are “kid friendly”. Plants they can pick smell and hide under. Pick plants that are hardy, less maintenance for the grown ups and more resilient for child play. Native Australian plants are a good alternative. See Sabrina Hahn’s suggestions and Water Corporation's waterwise plant selector. Shade is important for sun safety, consider planting trees that offer shady play spaces. Consider making areas for kids play and keeping a no-go area for special plants, it could save heartache in the long run. Keep anything you don’t want the kids to touch out of their reach. Place a weather proof box outside to store toys and equipment. If you don’t have the skills to make one, why not use a large tool box, they are inexpensive and hardy. For more hints go to

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The Port base class wraps a local socket used to send and receive data. It monitors the connection health and read/write status, and has one or more Connection objects representing addresses on the remote computer. It is created by the PortAllocator subclass, and is managed by Transport. The methods shown are not thread-safe, and can be called on any thread, but you should call them from the worker thread. Port is intended to be extended. libjingle includes the following subclasses of Port. - RelayPort Handles a port on a relay server. - TCPPort Handles a local TCP port. This is usable as it is, or it can be extended. - UDPPort Handles a local UDP port. This is usable as it is, or it can be extended. The port allocator assigns each port a preference, which is used to calculate which port should be used in a connection. This is a value from zero to one, where a higher number indicates greater preference. BasicPortAllocator preference values are prefixed with PREF_, and are defined at the top of basicportallocator.cc. After creating the object, you must call Start to start the timeout monitor. class Port: public MessageHandler, public sigslot::has_slots<> Describes the direction of data flow in a connection. The following values are defined: |Lifetime||Used to monitor the current status of the port in its march toward timing itself out. These are used internally, and need not| Defines the protocol to be used to send data. The following values are defined: |void AddAddress(const SocketAddress &address, const std::string &protocol, bool final=true)||Adds the address of the local port.| |void AddConnection(Connection *conn)||Adds the given connection to the list of connections managed by this object.| |const std::vector<Candidate>& candidates() const||Returns the address of this port.| |const AddressMap& connections()||Returns a map of Connection objects linked to this port, keyed by remote address.| |virtual Connection* CreateConnection(const Candidate &remote_candidate, CandidateOrigin origin)=0|| Creates a new Connection object to the specified port. This does not add it to the list of Connection objects linked to this port; to do that, you must call AddConnection. |AsyncPacketSocket * CreatePacketSocket(ProtocolType proto)||Creates the underlying socket used by this port to send data. This is called by a UDP port when it is instantiated, or by other port types when it is needed.| |uint32 generation()||The port allocator generates a group of ports upon request. Each time it does this, it assigns an incremented value to the generation attrubute of the port. Transport tries to prevent creation of multiple identical port types by removing identical port types created previously. This method returns the value assigned when the port was created. There is no default value; it must be set explicitly using set_generation.| |Connection* GetConnection(const SocketAddress &remote_addr)||Returns a Connection object assigned to the specified remote address, if any.| |virtual int GetError() = 0||Returns the error value last sent by the socket wrapped by this port. Error values are defined in talk/base/socket.h| |bool GetStunMessage(const char *data, size_t size, const SocketAddress &addr, StunMessage *&msg, std::string &remote_username)|| Called by the Connection object to translate an incoming packet from a STUN packet into a simple data blob, and takes any STUN-specific actions required by the message (such as responding to a bind request). If this is not a STUN message, it will not modify the message. The method returns True if it was a STUN message, False if it was not. |std::string& name() const||A name specified by set_name. This name is only used for debugging purposes. There is no default value.| |Network* network()||The network that this port was allocated on.| |void OnMessage(Message *pmsg)||Handles messages sent by other threads.| |void OnReadPacket(const char *data, size_t size, const SocketAddress &addr)||Called by the Port subclass when a packet is received from an unknown address (not in a Connection object managed by this object). If this were from a known address, it would have been forwarded to the Connection object that handled that address, which would have sent it out through SignalReadPacket to P2PTransportChannel.| |std::string& password() const||A random password generated at construction time. This is to provide greater assurance that a packet is intended for the specific recipient; it is not to be considered a security measure. This value can be changed by calling set_password. A random default value is assigned on initialization. The password must be correct for the name returned by username_fragment.| |Port(Thread *thread, const std::string &type, SocketFactory *factory, Network *network)|| Constructor. Autogenerates a name and password to use for this port. |~Port||Destructor. Deletes the references to all Connection objects.| |float preference() cost||A preference for this port type. This is a value from 0 to 1, inclusive, where the higher number indicates greater preference. The preference for different port types is defined by the port allocator subclass. This value is set using set_preference.; the default value is -1.| |virtual void PrepareAddress() = 0||Asynchronously tries to create a local address that the other computer can send to. When the address is ready, it calls SignalAddressReady. This is called by the port allocator when it creates a new port.| |static const ProxyInfo& proxy()||Returns informatin about the proxy, if any, used by this port. This static value for all ports value is set by set_proxy.| |void SendBindingErrorResponse(StunMessage *request, const SocketAddress &addr, int error_code, const std::string &reason)||Sends an error response to a bind request from an unknown address. See SignalUnknownAddress.| |void SendBindingRequest(Connection *conn)||Creates and sends a STUN bind request for the submitted Connection.| |void SendBindingResponse(StunMessage *request, const SocketAddress &addr)||Sends a bind accept to a bind request.| |virtual int SendTo(const void *data, size_t size, const SocketAddress &addr, bool payload)=0|| Sends a STUN packet to the address addr if a matching Connection object exists. If no such Connection object exists, this call will fail. This is called by a Connection subclass. |void set_generation(uint32 generation)||Sets the creation generation value for this port. See generation.| |std::string& set_name(const std::string &name)||A name used to identify this port for debugging purposes. See name.| |void set_password(const std::string &password)||Sets the password used to ensure proper port address. See password.| |void set_preference(float preference)||Sets the preference for this port. See preference.| |void set_proxy(const std::string &user_agent, const ProxyInfo &proxy)||Sets the proxy to use when connecting. It is called by BasicPortAllocator before it starts allocating ports. There are no default values if this method is not called. See proxy.| |void set_socket_factory(SocketFactory *factory)||Specifies the object that will create the local sockets. See socket_factory.| |void set_username_fragment(const std::string &username_fragment)||Specifies the name that matches the object's password. See username_fragment.| |int SetOption(Socket::Option opt, int value)=0||Enables the port creator to specify various port options. These options are implemented subclasses. Currently the only supported value is OPT_DONTFRAGMENT, with a value of 0 or 1, where 0 means that data can be split across packets, and 1 means that it cannot. TunnelSessionClient sets this option to 1. Returns zero if successful, nonzero otherwise.| |SocketFactory* socket_factory() const||Retrieves object that will create the local sockets. This value is initially specified in the constructor, but can be changed by calling set_socket_factory.| |void Start()||Starts the timer used to determine whether the port is necessary. If a port remains unused (without connections) for more than a specified period of time (defined by kPortTimeoutDelay in port.cc as 30 seconds) it will delete itself.| |Thread* thread()||Returns the thread that handles data input and output.| |const std::string& type() const||Retrieves the type of port specified by type in the constructor.| |std::string& user_agent()||Returns the user agent assigned by calling set_proxy. There is no default value.| |const std::string& username_fragment() const||A string that must match the port password to help ensure a globally unique identifier for this port. See password. A random default value is assigned on initialization.| - SignalAddressReady sigslot::signal1< Port * > - Sent in reply to PrepareAddress when the port has generated a local address. - SignalConnectionCreated sigslot::signal2< Port *, Connection * > - Sent when a Connection object is added to the port. This is no guarantee that the connection is writable; you must connect to Connection::SignalStateChange to send STATE_WRITABLE before attempting to write to this connection. - SignalUnknownAddress sigslot::signal4< Port *, const SocketAddress &, StunMessage *, const std::string & > - Sent when the port received a successful STUN binding request from an address that isn't listed in its Connection list. To create this connection, the listener should call CreateConnection and then SendBindingResponse; otherwise call SendBindingErrorResponse to send an error message to the requester. - SignalReadError sigslot::signal2< Port *, int > - A read error occurred. This signal is not currently sent. - SignalWriteError sigslot::signal2< Port *, int > - A write error occurred. This signal is not currently sent. - SignalDestroyed sigslot::signal1< Port * > - Sent before the is destroyed (for example, it times itself out for lack of connections). Declaration file: talk/p2p/base/port.h

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BACK TO MAIN SITE impossible to look past the tragic and the loss of seven lives February 1 2003. But that day, the world also lost a space pioneer, first of its kind - COLUMBIA, the pioneer of the shuttle fleet. The orbiter was named for Robert Gray's Boston-based ship, which explored the Columbia River in British Columbia in 1792. Columbia was the first Space Shuttle to launch in 1981 - but it was never used for docking with the International Space Station. The orbiter, instead, was the ever-circling camel of the fleet, hauling scientific experiments, deploying the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, servicing the Hubble Space Telescope. Columbias was designed for 100 missions - and made her last voyage during the return from her 28th flight. Take yourself a moment and have a look at the gallery - a reflection of COLUMBIA'S best and worst moments. All pictures by NASA

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Julius Caesar Biography Workbook |Free Printable Workbook - Historical Figures > Historical Figures with "C" Names > Julius Caesar| |Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE): Learn all about this famous and powerful Roman general, the most famous in history, who conquered ancient Gaul and whose actions led to the end of the Roman Republic. The answer key is available below.| What is the Biography Workbook Series? The Biography Workbook Series offers mini-unit workbooks on important figures from history. Brief chunks of informative text are interspersed with questions (ranging from basic recall to critical thinking) and fun activities. Each workbook can be completed in as little as an afternoon. These great workbooks serve as perfect supplements to a student's study of history, and function equally well as stand-alone units. An important cross-curricular benefit is that these workbooks are guaranteed to help improve your learner's reading comprehension, spelling, and writing skills while teaching history. Ideal for any student aged 12 and up. Click here to print. |Answer Key: 1 William Shakespeare 2 C - oligarchy 3 B - False 4 Sulla didn't have the insight, sympathy, or ambition to do so 5 Marius had married one of Caesar's aunts, and Caesar had married a daughter of Cinna 6 C - Pompey 7 C - single person 8 The eastern lands were wealthier and already had the trappings of civilization 9 A - France 10 France rapidly and thoroughly accepted Roman civilization 11 Answers will vary 12 Rubicon 13 He was a military hero who supported the Populares 14 C - east 15 Egypt 16 Answers will vary, but should include an end to corruption, more rights for plebeians, and a stronger economy 17 A - True 18 Answers will vary| |Ancient Rome Books and Films||Ancient Rome Outlines and Powerpoints| |Ancient Rome Maps and Pictures||Ancient Rome Online Study Games| |Ancient Rome Miscellany||Ancient Rome Worksheets|

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Exhibition Pierre-Jean David, known as David d'Angers Drawings from the Musée des Beaux-Arts, Angers from February 28, 2013 to May 20, 2013 The sculptor David d’Angers (Angers, 1788 - Paris, 1856), a major figure of French Romanticism, left a great many drawings which afford insight into the evolution of his art and his connections with the literary and artistic circles of his day. His early drawings reflect his classical, academic education. In 1811, he was awarded the Grand Prix de Sculpture—but his fascination with modern history soon came to predominate, and his republican convictions inspired work he intended as educational, in commemoration of great men: the heroes of the revolutionary wars that marked his childhood, and those who served under Bonaparte. The drawings of David d’Angers reflect the intensity of the preparatory work he did to create a bas-relief that could convey a life story or a statue that could capture the drama of a heroic deed or death. His portraiture was deeply influenced by phrenology. This sculptor of a remarkable head of Goethe was also a collector of drawings, some of which are featured in this exhibition; his collection included watercolors by Caspar David Friedrich, again reflecting his interest in German art. This exhibition is part of the long-term policy pursued by the Louvre’s Department of Prints and Drawings to present works from the French museums’ great drawing collections. Isabelle Leroy-Jay Lemaistre and Marie-Pierre Salé, Musée du Louvre. Véronique Boidard, Musées d'Angers From February 28 to May 20, 2013 Denon wing, 1st floor, Mollien rooms Open every day (except Tuesday) from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Night opening until 9:45 p.m. on Wednesdays and Fridays Included in the museum ticket: €11 +33 (0)1 40 20 53 17

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CC-MAIN-2014-23

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Media affects public perception of infectious disease An article in the Washington Post reports on a study from Canada that says that media coverage affects people's perceptions of infectious disease. This idea seems to make intuitive sense. The study reasons that if infectious diseases are heavily covered in the media they will be perceived as more serious, even if they actually are not. In the study, two groups of students rated a set of infectious diseases and they initially rated diseases such as avian flu, SARS and anthrax as more severe. They rated diseases like Tularemia, human babesiosis and yellow fever as less severe. However, when the students were given descriptions of the diseases without the names, the ratings flip flopped. The researchers also suggest that this means that people can overcome effects of the media by being given factual information.

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Palmer continues his seasonal metaphor for the inner journey by turning from winter's dormancy to the paradoxes of spring. Spring is the season of surprise when we realize once again that despite our perennial doubts, winter’s darkness yields to light and winter’s deaths give rise to new life. So one metaphor for spring is “the flowering of paradox.” As spring’s wonders arise from winter’s hardships, we are invited to reflect on the many “both-ands” we must hold to live fully and well – and to become more confident that as creatures embedded in nature, we know in our bones how to hold them. The deeper our faith, the more doubt we must endure; the deeper our hope, the more prone we are to despair; the deeper our love, the more pain its loss will bring; these are a few of the paradoxes we must hold as human beings. If we refuse to hold them in hopes of living without doubt, despair, and pain, we also find ourselves living without faith, hope, and love. But in the spring we are reminded that human nature, like nature herself, can hold opposites together as paradoxes, resulting in a more capacious and generous life. A Hidden Wholeness, p 82 - 3 Above, a dead and decaying log -- filled with moss, lichen and tiny mushrooms. The close-up is below. My approach to contemplative photography -- Tell about it." Mary Oliver in "Sometimes"

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Most drummers, when they first start, regard the Tom-Toms as the part of the kit to use when playing a drum fill. Although this is true, the Toms can be used to create interesting and fun drum beats, as well as drum fills. The Toms add an extra dimension of possibility within drum grooves and can turn a standard drum beat into a new and fresh sounding idea! There are no rules in drumming when it comes to creating drum beats. The Toms can be placed anywhere within the groove and can even replace the Snare back beat if required. This lesson will look at using the High or Low Tom within a drum beat. The Toms might replace the Snare drum altogether or be used either side of the backbeat. Hopefully you’ll see how the Toms can be used as either a replacement for the Snare drum or as an embellishment around it. Most modern drummers tend to use just the two Toms on their drum kits (including myself) so these grooves only use the High or Low Tom. Remember that its not the choice of Tom that’s important here but where its placed within the groove, so feel free to try different Toms or include a Medium Tom if you have it. This lesson has been split into two sections. The first is about Tom-Tom groove ideas that use the right hand on the Hi-Hat and the second section is about using the right hand on the Low Tom. Hi-Hat Based Tom-Tom Beats Each drum beat for this section includes one bar with eighth notes on the Hi-Hat (first bar) and the same drum beat but with quarter notes on the Hi-Hat (second bar). The idea is not to play both bars together (although that is useful) but to be able to play each bar, on its own, comfortably and up to a satisfactory tempo. You will most likely find the quarter note based beats (second bar) much harder due to having to maintain a steady quarter note pulse with the right hand while having Toms and Snares fall in between and at the same time as the right hand. Be careful not to let the right hand pulse be affected while playing these quarter note beats. Some of these drum beats will have slightly syncopated Snare patterns or Toms played on upbeats. Look out for these beats as its very easy to get confused and play the wrong rhythm when a groove does not contain a steady Snare backbeat on Beats 2 and 4. The left hand will be moving around the drums while the right hand remains on the Hi-Hat. For most of the drum beats, the left hand will have to cross under the right hand to get to the relevant Tom-Tom. This shouldn’t be too much of a problem, simply slide the left arm under the right without having to move the right arm too much. All of these beats can of course be played on the Ride cymbal for ease of access to the Toms. I recommend you practice both with the Hi-Hat and Ride cymbal as this will get you used to both and will give you more options. Drum Beat 1 Drum Beat 2 Drum Beat 3 Drum Beat 4 Drum Beat 5 Drum Beat 6 Drum Beat 7 Drum Beat 8 Drum Beat 9 Drum Beat 10 Drum Beat 11 Drum Beat 12 Drum Beat 13 Low Tom Based Tom-Tom Beats (Tribal) Another cool technique the drummer can use when creating a drum beat is to “ride” on the Floor Tom (Low Tom) with the right hand instead of the Hi-Hat/Ride cymbal. This creates a tribal sounding and more rocky groove because of the steady flow of Tom Tom notes layered underneath the backbeat and Bass drum pattern. Any Tom can be used instead of the Low Tom but most drummers tend to choose this drum to ride on, one of the reasons being that it allows the left hand to move around the rest of the drum kit freely. The following grooves may look confusing on paper but really aren’t once you’ve worked out what limb is playing what. The right hand is playing all of the Low Tom eighth notes while the left hand plays everything else. When reading these exercises you can simply look out for the notes above and below the Low Tom as these are the variations between each of the bars. Using the Low Tom in these kind of drum beats can be really powerful, both sonically and emotionally. They really do sound big and bombastic and can be used in many different musical styles to add excitement or power to a section of a song. Drum Beat 14 Drum Beat 15 Drum Beat 16 Drum Beat 17 Drum Beat 18 Drum Beat 19 Drum Beat 20 Drum Beat 21 Drum Beat 22 Hopefully this lesson has given you a new perspective on the Toms-Toms and their use within drum beats. There are so many possibilities that they couldn’t have all been listed here and so future lessons will be looking at taking these ideas further. Play around with the Toms and see if you can create your own grooves using them. Just think of them as a substitute for the Snare drum and all kinds of cool ideas will start to emerge. Browse all FREE drum content by clicking HERE. Alternatively, get access to 100s of FULL-SONG Video Drum Lessons, Song Charts and eBooks by becoming an Online Member below… Please email [email protected] or contact me through the Contact Form if you have any questions at all.

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Francis Fukuyama and other critics misinterpret democratic messiness as existential crisis. Adam White writes: The ink was barely dry on the new Constitution, and Benjamin Franklin had just left his fellow Framers behind in Philadelphia’s Independence Hall, when a woman accosted him on the street and asked, “What type of government have you delegates given us?” “A republic, madam,” Franklin purportedly answered, “if you can keep it.” This familiar tale makes a simple point: Franklin and his collaborators had succeeded in framing the new republic. To the extent that their creation might someday prove unsuccessful, it would be not their fault but rather the fault of the people. But does this story give Franklin and his fellow Framers too much credit—and the people too little? Francis Fukuyama thinks so. That’s the ultimate warning of his recent book, Political Order and Political Decay, the second volume of his landmark two-part examination of political order. The first part, The Origins of Political Order (2011), traced the history of political development from its pre-political origins in the state of nature—not Hobbes’s or Locke’s theoretical constructs but, quite literally, chimpanzees—to the late-eighteenth century’s American and French Revolutions. (See “The Dawn of Politics,” Spring 2011.) Looking not only to familiar Western sources of republican government but also to Chinese bureaucracy and Egypt’s Mamluk warrior class, among other Eastern contributions to modern state-building, Fukuyama examined three fundamental political institutions—the state, the rule of law, and notions of accountability—and how societies develop them over time. But now, in Political Order and Political Decay, Fukuyama meditates on how things fall apart. Though “the American Revolution institutionalized democracy and the principle of democracy,” the American state two centuries later “is not working well, and its problems may be related to the fact that it is too institutionalized.” Decay’s closing chapters argue that the structure of American government, its checks and balances, has become a “vetocracy,” providing too many opportunities for special interests to prevent the government from enacting necessary and popular reforms. “Institutions are created to meet certain needs of society, such as making war, dealing with economic conflicts, and regulating social behavior,” Fukuyama writes. “But as recurring patterns of behavior, they can also grow rigid and fail to adapt when the circumstances that brought them into being in the first place themselves change.” Worse still, such rigidity can be exacerbated by the elite classes’ misappropriation of state power for their own primary benefit. Those two dreaded forces—rigidity and elite self-dealing—are the sources of political “decay,” Fukuyama’s ultimate focus. [Check out Francis Fukuyama‘s book “The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution” at Amazon.com] His criticisms are harsh and substantive. Yet three significant problems underlie his analysis, weakening its force. While he calls for greater “autonomy” in federal agencies, his notions of “autonomy” and “expertise” seem flatly at odds with nearly a century’s worth of experience with the structure of federal agencies. More fundamentally, his narrow view of the Founding Fathers’ objectives prevents him from grappling seriously with the actual constitutional mechanisms that they created into law. And his disparagement of modern political stalemates manages to oversimplify, to the point of caricature, the policy debates that he cites as evidence of governmental decay. Read the rest of this entry »

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Free Newsletters - Space - Defense - Environment - Energy - Solar - Nuclear by Staff Writers Toronto, Canada (SPX) Jun 03, 2014 For the first time, physicists at the University of Toronto (U of T) have overcome a major challenge in the science of measurement using quantum mechanics. Their work paves the way for great advances in using quantum states to enable the next generation of ultra-precise measurement technologies. "We've been able to conduct measurements using photons - individual particles of light - at a resolution unattainable according to classical physics," says Lee Rozema, a Ph.D. candidate in Professor Aephraim Steinberg's quantum optics research group in U of T's Department of Physics, and one of the lead authors along with M.Sc. candidate James Bateman of a report on the discovery published online in Physical Review Letters. "This work opens up a path for using entangled states of light to carry out ultra-precise measurements." Many of the most sensitive measurement techniques in existence, from ultra-precise atomic clocks to the world's largest telescopes, rely on detecting interference between waves - which occurs, for example, when two or more beams of light collide in the same space. Manipulating interference by producing photons in a special quantum state known as an "entangled" state - the sort of state famously dismissed by a skeptical Albert Einstein as implying "spooky action at a distance" - provided the result Rozema and his colleagues were looking for. The entangled state they used contains N photons which are all guaranteed to take the same path in an interferometer - either all N take the left-hand path or all N take the right-hand path, but no photons leave the pack. The effects of interference are measured in devices known as "interferometers." It is well known that the resolution of such a device can be improved by sending more photons through it - when classical light beams are used, increasing the number of photons (the intensity of the light) by a factor of 100 can improve the resolution of an interferometer by a factor of 10. However, if the photons are prepared in a quantum-entangled state, an increase by a factor of 100 should improve the resolution by that same full factor of 100. The scientific community already knew resolution could be improved by using entangled photons. Once scientists figured out how to entangle multiple photons the theory was proved correct but only up to a point. As the number of entangled photons rose, the odds of all photons reaching the same detector and at the same time became astronomically small, rendering the technique useless in practice. So Rozema and his colleagues developed a way to employ multiple detectors in order to measure photons in entangled states. They designed an experimental apparatus that uses a "fibre ribbon" to collect photons and send them to an array of 11 single-photon detectors. "This allowed us to capture nearly all of the multi-photons originally sent," says Rozema. "Sending single photons as well as two, three and four entangled photons at a time into our device produced dramatically improved resolution." The U of T experiment built on a proposal by National University of Singapore physicist Mankei Tsang. In 2009, Tsang posited the idea of placing detectors at every possible position a photon could reach so that every possible event could be recorded, whether or not multiple photons hit the same detector. This would enable the calculation of the average position of all the detected photons, and could be done without having to discard any of them. The theory was quickly tested with two photons and two detectors by University of Ottawa physicist Robert Boyd. "While two photons are better than one, we've shown that 11 detectors are far better than two," says Steinberg, summarising their advancement on Boyd's results. "As technology progresses, using high-efficiency detector arrays and on-demand entangled-photons sources, our techniques could be used to measure increasingly higher numbers of photons with higher resolution." The discovery is reported in a study titled "Scalable spatial superresolution using entangled photons" published in the June 6 issue of Physical Review Letters. It is recommended as an Editor's Suggestion, and is accompanied by a commentary in the journal Physics which describes the work as a viable approach to efficiently observing superresolved spatial interference fringes that could improve the precision of imaging and lithography systems. In addition to Steinberg, Rozema and Bateman's collaborators on the research included Dylan Mahler, Ryo Okamoto of Hokkaido and Osaka Universities, Amir Feizpour, and Alex Hayat, now at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. Support for the research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, as well as the Yamada Science Foundation. University of Toronto Understanding Time and Space |The content herein, unless otherwise known to be public domain, are Copyright 1995-2014 - Space Media Network. All websites are published in Australia and are solely subject to Australian law and governed by Fair Use principals for news reporting and research purposes. AFP, UPI and IANS news wire stories are copyright Agence France-Presse, United Press International and Indo-Asia News Service. ESA news reports are copyright European Space Agency. All NASA sourced material is public domain. Additional copyrights may apply in whole or part to other bona fide parties. Advertising does not imply endorsement, agreement or approval of any opinions, statements or information provided by Space Media Network on any Web page published or hosted by Space Media Network. Privacy Statement All images and articles appearing on Space Media Network have been edited or digitally altered in some way. Any requests to remove copyright material will be acted upon in a timely and appropriate manner. Any attempt to extort money from Space Media Network will be ignored and reported to Australian Law Enforcement Agencies as a potential case of financial fraud involving the use of a telephonic carriage device or postal service.|

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Five Centuries of British Painting : From Holbein to Hodgkin Paperback Part of the World of Art S. series Britain has played a key role in the history of the last five centuries, and its art reflects this in absorbing but complex ways. At first, foreign artists and influences were dominant - for example, Holbein, Van Dyck, Lely and Kneller. In the century of Hogarth, Reynolds and Gainsborough, British painting reflected an increasingly confident society, propelled by Imperialist expansion and industrial advance. Constable and Turner were among many pioneers in the artistic revolutions of the Romantic period, when British influence extended across Europe. The Victorian age saw the moral dilemmas, reflected in art, of Christian values challenged by science. A consistent undercurrent has been Britain's preference for the real world (landscape and portraiture) as against "high" art and abstraction. This is a survey of the personalities of British painting and an assessment of the latest flowering in which many threads of modern art come together. - Format: Paperback - Pages: 256 pages, 183 illustrations, 71 in colour - Publisher: Thames & Hudson Ltd - Publication Date: 01/01/2002 - Category: History of art / art & design styles - ISBN: 9780500203491

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Featured image above: Winners of the 2016 UNSW Eureka Prize for Scientific Research, Melissa Little and Minoru Takasato from the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute. Credit: Australian Museum Regenerating kidneys, smart plastics, artificial memory cells and a citizen science network that tracks falling meteors. These and many other pioneering scientific endeavours have been recognised in the 2016 annual Australian Museum Eureka Prizes, awarded at a gala dinner in Sydney. Having trouble with a kidney? It may not be long before you can simply grow a new one. This is the ultimate ambition behind the research of the 2016 UNSW Eureka Prize for Scientific Research winners, which was awarded to Melissa Little and Minoru Takasato from the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute. They have developed a method of growing kidney tissue from stem cells, and their kidney “organoids” develop all the different types of cells that are needed for kidney function. The kidney tissue is currently used in the lab to model kidney disease and to test new drugs, but one day the technique could be developed to regrow replacement kidneys for transplant. For his work using the latest in 3D printing and materials technology develop a world centre for electromaterials science, Gordon Wallace, from the University of Wollongong, received the 2016 CSIRO Eureka Prize for Leadership in Innovation and Science. Some of the materials he and his team are developing include structures that are biocompatible, meaning they can be used inside the body without causing an adverse reaction. These structures can be used to promote muscle and nerve cell growth. Other cells include artificial muscles using carbon nanotubes. The CSIRO’s Lisa Harvey-Smith has been one of the most vocal and energetic proponents of science in the media and the general public, especially amongst Indigenous communities. It is for her work as the face of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) and communicating astronomy to the public that Harvey-Smith was awarded the 2016 Department of Industry, Innovation and Science Eureka Prize for Promoting Understanding of Australian Science. Have you ever seen a meteor streak across the sky and wondered where it landed? Phil Bland, from Curtin University, certainly hopes you have. He and his team set up the Desert Fireball Network, which allows members of the public to track meteors as they fall, helping them to identify where they land, and where they came from. For this, Bland and his team were awarded the 2016 Department of Industry, Innovation and Science Eureka Prize for Innovation in Citizen Science. But not all the awards went to seasoned researchers. Some were reserved for the next generation of scientific pioneers. Hayden Ingle, a Grade 6 student from Banksmeadow Primary School in Botany, received the 2016 Sleek Geeks Science Eureka Prize for Primary Schools for his video production, The Bluebottle and the Glaucus. It tells the remarkable tale of a little known sea predator, the tiny sea lizard, or glacus atlantica, and its fascinating relationship with the bluebottle. Speaking of predators, a video by Claire Galvin and Anna Hardy, Year 10 students at St Monica’s College, Cairns, won the 2016 Sleek Geeks Science Eureka Prize for Secondary Schools for exploring the eating habits of the Barn Owl. They examined “owl pellets”, which contain the indigestible components of the owl’s last meal, and used them to identify its prey. Other winners of the 2016 Eureka Prize Ewa Goldys from Macquarie University and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics and Martin Gosnell from Quantitative Pty Ltd have been awarded the ANSTO Eureka Prize for Innovative Use of Technology for their development of hyperspectral imaging technology, which enables the colour of cells and tissues to be used as a non-invasive medical diagnostic tool. For his discovery and development of novel treatments for serious brain disorders, Michael Bowen, from the University of Sydney, is the winner of the Macquarie University Eureka prize for Outstanding Early Career Researcher. His research has established oxytocin and novel molecules that target the brain’s oxytocin system as prime candidates to fill the void left by the lack of effective treatments for alcohol-use disorders and social disorders. For developing a new generation of armoured vehicles to keep Australian soldiers safe in war zones, Thales Australia and Mark Brennan have won the 2016 Defence Science and Technology Eureka Prize for Outstanding Science in Safeguarding Australia. Davidson Patricia Davidson is Dean of the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing in Maryland, and has mentored more than 35 doctoral and postdoctoral researchers, working tirelessly and with passion to build the capacity of early career researchers, an achievement that has won her the 2016 University of Technology Sydney Eureka Prize for Outstanding Mentor of Young Researchers. For taking basic Australian research discoveries and developing them into a new cancer therapy that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in April this year, David Huang and his team from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research has win the 2016 Johnson & Johnson Eureka Prize for Innovation in Medical Research. The drug, venetoclax, was approved for a high-risk sub-group of patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and is now marketed in the US. For creating a three part documentary that portrayed both the good and the evil of uranium in a series seen around the world, Twisting the Dragon’s Tail, Sonya Pemberton, Wain Fimeri and Derek Muller, won the 2016 Department of Industry, Innovation and Science Eureka Prize for Science Journalism. Sharath Sriram, Deputy Director of the A$30 million Micro Nano Research Facility at RMIT University, has won the 2016 3M Eureka Prize for Emerging Leader in Science for his extraordinary career – during which he and his team have developed the world’s first artificial memory cell that mimics the way the brain stores long term memory. For bringing together a team with skills ranging from mathematical modelling to cell biology and biochemistry, Leann Tilley and her team from the University of Melbourne have won the 2016 Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre Eureka Prize for Infectious Disease Research. They have uncovered an important life saving mechanism by which the malaria parasite has developed resistance to what has been previously a widely used and successful malarial treatment. For recruiting an international team of scientists to measure trace elements in the oceans from 3.5 billion years ago to the present day to understand the events that led to the evolution of life and extinction of life in the oceans, Ross Large from the University of Tasmania and researchers from as far as Russia and the US have won the 2016 Eureka Prize for Excellence in Interdisciplinary Research. For conducting the world’s first survey of plastic pollutants which has given us a confronting snapshot of the impacts on marine wildlife of the 8.4 million tones of plastic that enters the oceans each year, Denise Hardesty, Chris Wilcox, Tonya Van Der Velde, TJ Lawson, Matt Landell and David Milton from CSIRO in Tasmania and Queensland have won the 2016 NSW Office of Environment and Heritage Eureka Prize for Environmental Research. The Functional Annotation of the Mammalian Genome (FANTOM5) project produced a map that is being used to interpret genetic diseases and to engineer new cells for therapeutic use. The team led by Alistair Forrest from the Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research has won the 2016 Scopus Eureka Excellence in International Scientific Collaboration Prize. – Tim Dean

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Black bears inhabit the U.S. from the lowland swamps of coastal North Carolina to the tall mountains of northern California. While many Americans never spot a secretive black bear, more hunters and homeowners are seeing more bears in some areas of America. Some of these persons say they are seeing too many bears. Black bear populations are increasing in many regions of the U.S. The proof is growing. South Carolina's Department of Natural Resources recently issued guidelines for dealing with problem bears. Hunters there killed nearly 100 bears during the 2009 hunting season, and cars killed more than 20 in the same period. The state is considering expanding hunting areas and seasons to counter problem bears and rising citizen complaints. Down in Florida, bear numbers are on the upswing and the state is working on a bear management plan. Bears are also being noted in Mississippi, Texas, Louisiana and other areas where the bruins have been missing—or questionable—for decades. Louisiana brought in black bears from Minnesota and released them during the 1960s. Texas has seen bear numbers climb and now has a black bear management plan that runs through 2015. Black bears have also been attacking humans from the Great Smoky Mountain National Park to Washington State. Some of those attacks have been deadly. Black bears are simply more numerous and widespread than other bear species, so the chances of being attacked by a black bear are higher. Black bears are also more frequently encountered around homes because they come close in search of food, such as the seeds or suet in bird feeders. Yet, grizzly attacks seem to always receive the national media attention. If hunters seek bears and bear hunting tags, they should visit states and regions where bears are most bountiful. Much of the preferred bear habitat and hunting areas in the U.S. are along the spines of the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains. The coastal northwest regions and Alaska also have many black bears. In many states, bear hunting licenses are sold over the counter. Montana is one state where you will have to take—and pass—a test to distinguish between black bears and grizzlies before you can hunt. The work of anti-hunting groups who opposed the use of bait and/or hounds to hunt bears in past years can also be blamed—or thanked—for increased bear populations and increased threats to humans. The Bear (Bare) Facts: These facts can help you better understand secretive black bears: Mature black bears generally weigh from 300 to 500 pounds, but a wild bear killed in Craven County, N.C. tipped the scales at more than 800 pounds. Black bears held in captivity have attained body weights of more than 1,100 pounds. Black bears (Ursus americanus) can also be other colors, such as blond or brown/cinnamon. Albino black bears have been reported. Many black bears have a distinct white blaze or crest on their chest. Black bears can, and do, climb trees and will often spend much of the day resting in trees. Black bears can run at approximately 30 miles-per-hour and are good swimmers. Bears mark their territory by rubbing against trees and reaching high to claw tree trunks with their sharp claws. Black bear cubs are commonly born in midwinter months, weigh about one pound, are approximately eight inches long and are pink and hairless. They have claws at this time. A bear can live nearly 20 years in the wild. Though black bears consume a diet that's 75% vegetation, they will also eat garbage, meat, fish, nuts, honey, carrion and livestock. Bears consume a lot of food during fall months to build body fat reserves for winter hibernation. Most black bear attacks on humans occur in national parks and around campgrounds. Approximately 30 states permit black bear hunting. Black bear meat holds about 8% fat and 20% protein. In addition to those taken by hunters, black bears are often killed by wolves.

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