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sohomghosh
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FinRAD_Financial_Readability_Assessment_Dataset

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1
terms
stringlengths
1
156
definitions
stringlengths
3
4.2k
source
stringclasses
15 values
assigned_readability
int64
0
1
flesch_reading_ease
float64
-301.79
121
flesch_kincaid_grade
float64
-3.5
55.6
smog_index
float64
0
26.5
coleman_liau_index
float64
-33.81
51.4
automated_readability_index
float64
-6.9
65
dale_chall_readability_score
float64
0.1
35.3
linsear_write_formula
float64
-0.5
73
gunning_fog
float64
0.4
56
liquidity
ability to sell an asset on short notice at close to the market price.
prin
0
74.19
6.4
0
5.33
4.7
6.59
7
8.46
lockbox system
form of concentration banking. customers send payments to a post office box. a local bank collects and processes the checks and transfers surplus funds to the company’s principal bank.
prin
0
42.04
14.6
0
13.94
18.4
12.15
18.5
17.12
london interbank offered rate (libor)
the interest rate at which major international banks in london borrow from each other. (libid is london interbank bid rate; limean is mean of bid and offered rate.)
prin
0
51.52
13
0
10.33
15.6
9.54
17
15.49
management buyout (mbo)
leveraged buyout whereby the acquiring group is led by the firm’s management.
prin
0
50.84
9.2
0
13.27
10.5
12.13
7
11.47
margin
cash or securities set aside by an investor as evidence that he or she can honor a commitment.
prin
0
61.67
9.1
0
6.9
7.7
8.04
12
13.87
marked to market
an arrangement whereby the profits or losses on a futures contract are settled up each day.
prin
0
63.7
8.4
0
9.63
8.9
11.34
8
8.9
market capitalization
market value of outstanding share capital.
prin
0
31.55
10.4
0
13.97
10.6
6.57
4
9.07
market capitalization rate
expected return on a security.
prin
0
15.64
12.3
0
7.28
5.6
10.2
3.5
18
market risk (systematic risk)
risk that cannot be diversified away.
prin
0
56.93
6.8
0
9.15
6.7
9.2
3
9.07
market value added
difference between market value and book value of firm’s equity.
prin
0
35.95
10.7
0
12.56
9.5
7.29
6
8
market-to-book ratio
ratio of market value to book value of firm’s equity.
prin
0
52.87
8.4
0
6.18
4.3
8.87
5
8
mbo
management buyout.
prin
0
-6.7
14.7
0
15.8
19.6
19.53
1
20.8
medium-term note (mtn)
debt with a typical maturity of 1 to 10 years offered regularly by a company using the same procedure as commercial paper.
prin
0
32.22
14.2
0
9.11
11.2
12.62
17
17.89
money market
market for short-term safe investments.
prin
0
49.48
7.6
0
16.56
14
7.04
2.5
10
monte carlo simulation
method for calculating the probability distribution of possible outcomes, e.g., from a project.
prin
0
24.44
13.1
0
16.63
15.1
14
10.5
14.43
mortgage bond
bond secured against plant and equipment.
prin
0
90.77
2.1
0
12.98
9.8
11.83
2
2.4
mutual fund
managed investment fund whose shares are sold to investors.
prin
0
79.26
4.4
0
13.19
9.8
12.86
4.5
8.04
mutually exclusive projects
two projects that cannot both be undertaken.
prin
0
64.37
6
0
10.74
7.6
8.5
3.5
8.51
negotiable certificate of deposit (cd)
a certificate for a time deposit of $1 million or more that can be sold before maturity.
prin
0
62.68
8.7
0
6.32
7
7.27
10.5
11.51
net lease
lease in which the lessee promises to maintain and insure the equipment (cf. full-service lease).
prin
0
81.63
5.6
0
12.29
12.1
11.75
6.5
6
net present value (npv)
a project’s net contribution to wealth—present value minus initial investment.
prin
0
10.56
14.3
0
20.68
16.1
12.03
8
16
net working capital
current assets minus current liabilities.
prin
0
-18.21
17
0
20.04
15.9
16.52
2.5
10
note
unsecured debt with a maturity of up to 10 years. 3 _x000c_4
prin
0
67.76
6.8
0
4.05
3.8
13.44
7
11.47
operating lease
short-term, cancelable lease (cf. financial lease).
prin
0
48.47
8
0
17.85
17.7
14.46
4
15.73
operating profit margin
after-tax operating income as a percentage of sales.
prin
0
29.52
11.1
0
11.56
9.1
9.95
6
13.2
opportunity cost of capital (hurdle rate, cost of capital)
expected return that is foregone by investing in a project rather than in comparable financial securities.
prin
0
29.86
13.1
0
15.08
13.4
11.34
13
18.9
payback period
time until the cumulative cash flow equals the initial investment.
prin
0
52.87
8.4
0
13.72
10.4
10.45
6
12
payback rule
requirement that project should recover its initial investment within a specified time.
prin
0
42.38
10.3
0
18.08
14.4
13.44
9
18.13
payout ratio
dividend as a proportion of earnings per share.
prin
0
63.36
6.4
0
8.66
6.1
11.93
5
13.2
pension fund
investment plan set up by an employer to provide for employees’ retirement.
prin
0
42.38
10.3
0
12.28
9.7
10.81
9
18.13
perpetuity
investment offering a level stream of cash flows in (cf. consol).
prin
0
60.31
7.6
0
8.45
7.6
11.36
6.5
11.67
preferred stock
stock that takes priority over common stock in regard to dividends. dividends may not be paid on common stock unless the dividend is paid on all (cf. Cumulative ). the dividend rate on preferred is usually fixed at time of issue.
prin
0
51.18
11.1
0
9.28
10.8
9.37
13.75
13
present value (pv)
discounted value of future cash flows.
prin
0
56.93
6.8
0
10.08
7.5
11.83
3
9.07
principal
amount of debt that must be repaid.
prin
0
106.67
0.1
0
3.26
1.6
8.5
2.5
2.8
private equity
equity that is not publicly traded and that is used to finance business start-ups, leveraged buyouts, etc.
prin
0
62.68
8.7
0
11.77
12
11.91
8.5
9.15
privatization
sale of a government-owned company to private investors.
prin
0
37.98
10
0
14.46
11.4
9.95
5
3.2
profitability index
ratio of a project’s npv to the initial investment.
prin
0
53.88
8
0
8.03
5.6
12.86
5.5
12.49
project finance
debt that is largely a claim against the cash flows from a particular project rather than against the firm as a whole.
prin
0
82.99
7.2
0
8.01
10.3
9.75
12
10.62
prospectus
summary of the registration statement providing information on an issue of securities.
prin
0
0.08
16.2
0
17.62
14
13.44
11
21.47
put option
option to sell an asset at a specified exercise price on or before a specified exercise date (cf. call option).
prin
0
51.18
11.1
0
8.24
10.2
8.58
14
12
put-call parity
the relationship between the prices of european put and call options.
prin
0
60.31
7.6
0
12.1
9.3
9.92
6.5
11.67
pvgo
present value of growth opportunities.
prin
0
32.56
10
0
16.56
13.1
10.2
2.5
10
rate of return
total income and capital appreciation per period per dollar invested.
prin
0
2.11
15.5
0
15.46
11.8
12.03
8
16
real assets
tangible assets and intangible assets used to carry on business (cf. financial assets).
prin
0
32.9
11.9
0
13.5
12.2
10.35
8.5
14.43
real option
the flexibility to modify, postpone, expand, or abandon a project.
prin
0
35.95
10.7
0
11.98
10.4
13.61
6
12
registration statement
a detailed document prepared for the securities and exchange commission that presents information about a firm’s proposed financing and the firm’s history, existing business, and plans for the future.
prin
0
25.12
17
0
17.13
21
12.15
21.5
19.88
rental lease
full-service lease.
prin
0
77.91
2.9
0
15.8
22
11.63
0
0.8
replicating portfolio
package of assets whose returns exactly replicate those of an option.
prin
0
60.31
7.6
0
12.1
9.3
11.36
5.5
8.04
return on assets (roa)
after-tax operating income as a percentage of total assets.
prin
0
20.04
12.7
0
12.5
9.8
11.1
6.5
12.49
return on capital (roc)
after-tax operating income as a percentage of long-term capital.
prin
0
20.04
12.7
0
15.11
12.4
7.59
7.5
12.49
return on equity (roe)
usually, equity earnings as a proportion of the book value of equity.
prin
0
25.46
12.7
0
8.92
7.3
9.5
9
14.8
revolving credit
legally assured line of credit with a bank.
prin
0
80.28
4.1
0
5.76
3.8
9.95
3
3.2
roe
return on equity.
prin
0
34.59
9.2
0
1.52
3.6
9.05
1.5
14.53
sale and lease-back
sale of an existing asset to a financial institution that then leases it back to the user (cf. direct lease).
prin
0
51.18
11.1
0
7.66
9.8
10.94
13
14
scenario analysis
analysis of the profitability of a project under alternative economic scenarios.
prin
0
9.55
14.7
0
17.9
14
12.79
10.5
22.58
securities
claims on real assets.
prin
0
75.88
3.7
0
2.9
2.9
11.73
1
1.6
security market line (sml)
line representing the relationship between expected return and market risk.
prin
0
19.03
13.1
0
18.94
14.7
10.45
7
16
self-liquidating loan
loan to finance current assets. the sale of the current assets provides the cash to repay the loan.
prin
0
70.13
8
0
8.18
9
8.04
8
7.2
specific risk (residual risk, unique risk, unsystematic risk)
risk that can be eliminated by diversification.
prin
0
22.07
11.9
0
13.17
9.7
10.75
4.5
14.23
spin-off
distribution of shares in a subsidiary to the company’s shareholders so that they hold shares separately in the two firms.
prin
0
51.18
11.1
0
12.3
12.8
10.16
14
16
spot exchange rate
exchange rate on currency for immediate delivery (cf. forward exchange rate).
prin
0
34.93
11.1
0
14.77
12.8
9.92
7.5
15.31
spot price
price of asset for immediate delivery (in contrast to forward or futures price).
prin
0
49.82
9.5
0
10.83
9.7
10.35
7.5
11.35
spot rate
interest rate fixed today on a loan that is made today (cf. forward interest rate).
prin
0
64.71
8
0
7.24
7.7
7.54
8.5
8.67
standard deviation
square root of the variance—a measure of variability.
prin
0
63.36
6.4
0
13.01
9.7
7.98
4
8.2
stripped bond (strip)
bond that is subdivided into a series of zero-coupon bonds.
prin
0
52.87
8.4
0
9.08
7.1
13.61
6
8
term loan
medium-term, privately placed loan, usually made by a bank. 4 _x000c_ 5
prin
0
59.3
8
0
7.93
8.1
13.44
7
11.47
term structure of interest rates
relationship between interest rates on loans of different maturities (cf. yield curve).
prin
0
33.92
11.5
0
16.63
14.4
13.44
9
14.8
trade acceptance
written demand that has been accepted by an industrial company to pay a given sum at a future date (cf. banker’s acceptance).
prin
0
49.15
11.9
0
9.11
11.8
9.75
15
14.25
trade credit
accounts receivable.
prin
0
-6.7
14.7
0
21.6
24.3
19.53
1
20.8
trust deed
agreement between trustee and borrower setting out terms of a bond.
prin
0
68.77
6.4
0
11.06
8.5
11.36
5.5
8.04
variance
mean squared deviation from the expected value; a measure of variability.
prin
0
34.93
11.1
0
13.73
11.1
9.92
7.5
15.31
vertical merger
merger between a supplier and its customer (cf. horizontal merger, conglomerate merger).
prin
0
17
13.9
0
16.63
14.8
10.81
8
14.8
wacc
weighted-average cost of capital.
prin
0
8.2
13.1
0
17.4
15.9
11.73
3
11.6
warrant
long-term call option issued by a company.
prin
0
64.37
6
0
8.24
6.3
8.5
3.5
2.8
weighted-average cost of capital (wacc)
expected return on a portfolio of all the firm’s securities. used as hurdle rate for capital investment.
prin
0
37.3
12.3
0
11.77
11.5
10.05
13.5
16.21
working capital
current assets less current liabilities. the term is commonly used as synonymous with net .
prin
0
31.89
12.3
0
13.22
11.5
9.97
10.5
14.17
yield to maturity
internal rate of return on a bond
prin
0
81.29
3.7
0
2.44
0.3
8.5
3.5
8.51
Adam Smith
(1723 – 1790) Regarded as the father of modern Economics. Author of Wealth of Nations.
ncert
1
72.32
5
0
6.63
4.9
10.32
3.75
8.33
Aggregate monetary resources
Broad money without time deposits of post office savings organisation (M3).
ncert
1
43.39
9.9
0
14.25
11.9
8.49
5.5
8.04
Automatic stabilisers
Under certain spending and tax rules, expenditures that automatically increase or taxes that automatically decrease when economic conditions worsen, therefore, stabilising the economy automatically.
ncert
1
-29.03
23.3
0
24.37
24.9
13.38
20
19.6
Autonomous change
A change in the values of variables in a macroeconomic model caused by a factor exogenous to the model.
ncert
1
60.65
9.5
0
8.36
9.1
10.4
11.5
11.81
Autonomous expenditure multiplier
The ratio of increase (or decrease) in aggregate output or income to an increase (or decrease) in autonomous spending.
ncert
1
43.73
11.9
0
11.72
12.8
10.4
11.5
11.81
Balance of payments
A set of accounts that summarise a country’s transactions with the rest of the world.
ncert
1
81.63
5.6
0
9.21
8.3
8.59
7.5
8.67
Balanced budget
A budget in which taxes are equal to government spending.
ncert
1
69.79
6
0
8.5
6.2
8.87
5
4
Balanced budget multiplier
The change in equilibrium output that results from a unit increase or decrease in both taxes and government spending.
ncert
1
52.19
10.7
0
12.65
12.6
11.23
11.5
9.71
Bank rate
The rate of interest payable by commercial banks to RBI if they borrow money from the latter in case of a shortage of reserves.
ncert
1
64.04
10.3
0
7.9
11
10.09
14
12.93
Barter exchange
Exchange of commodities without the mediation of money.
ncert
1
29.52
11.1
0
14.46
10.8
7.98
5
13.2
Base year
The year whose prices are used to calculate the real GDP.
ncert
1
85.69
4
0
5.78
4.2
8.49
5.5
8.04
Bonds
A paper bearing the promise of a stream of future monetary returns over a specified period of time . Issued by firms or governments for borrowing money from the public.
ncert
1
48.3
10.1
0
9.5
8.4
9.8
9
12.7
Broad money
Aggregate monetary resources without time deposits of post office savings organisation (M3).
ncert
1
8.53
15.1
0
19.53
16.4
12.13
8
14.8
Capital
Factor of production which has itself been produced and which is not generally entirely consumed in the production process.
ncert
1
43.73
11.9
0
14.45
14.1
10.4
13.5
13.92
Capital gain/loss
Increase or decrease in the value of wealth of a bondholder due to an appreciation or reduction in the price of her bonds in the bond market.
ncert
1
60.99
11.5
0
7.49
12.1
9.07
16.5
15.24
Capital goods
Goods which are bought not for meeting immediate need of the consumer but for producing other goods.
ncert
1
62.68
8.7
0
10.73
10.3
7.27
10.5
11.51
Capitalist country or economy
A country in which most of the production is carried out by capitalist firms.
ncert
1
65.73
7.6
0
8.23
7.1
8.84
8
11.31
Capitalist firms
These are firms with the following features (a) private ownership of means of production (b) production for the market (c) sale and purchase of labour at a price which is called the wage rate (d) continuous accumulation of capital.
ncert
1
40.35
17.3
0
10.69
21.4
11.24
26.5
19.7
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
The fraction of their deposits which the commercial banks are required to keep with RBI.
ncert
1
81.63
5.6
0
10.37
9.3
10.7
7.5
8.67
Circular flow of income
The concept that the aggregate value of goods and services produced in an economy is going around in a circular way. Either as factor payments, or as expenditures on goods and services, or as the value of aggregate production.
ncert
1
51.68
10.9
0
10.1
11
8.65
12.75
12.93
Consumer durables
Consumption goods which do not get exhausted immediately but last over a period of time are consumer durables.
ncert
1
53.21
10.3
0
12.06
11.9
9.79
13
16.09
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
Percentage change in the weighted average price level. We take the prices of a given basket of consumption goods.
ncert
1
70.29
5.8
0
9.31
6.9
8.26
5.25
10.12
Consumption goods
Consumer durables which do not get exhausted immediately but last over a period of time are consumer durables.
ncert
1
53.21
10.3
0
12.06
11.9
8.92
12
13.87