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https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Food&diff=719696141&oldid=718753634	'''Food''' is any [[substance]] <ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/212568/food\|title=food\|work=Encyclopedia Britannica\|accessdate=29 May 2015}}</ref> consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of [[plant]] or [[animal]] origin, and contains essential [[nutrient]]s, such as [[fat]]s, [[protein (nutrient)\|proteins]], [[vitamin]]s, or [[mineral]]s. The substance is [[Ingestion\|ingested]] by an [[organism]] and assimilated by the organism's [[Cell (biology)\|cells]] to provide [[energy]], maintain life, or stimulate growth. Most food has its origin in plants. Some food is obtained directly from plants; but even animals that are used as food sources are raised by feeding them food derived from plants. [[Cereal]] grain is a [[staple food]] that provides more food energy worldwide than any other type of crop. [[Maize\|Corn (maize)]], [[wheat]], and [[rice]] – in all of their varieties – account for 87% of all grain production worldwide.<ref name="prodstat">{{cite web \|url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx \|title=ProdSTAT \|work=FAOSTAT \|accessdate=2008}}</ref> Most of the grain that is produced worldwide is fed to livestock.	2016-05-05T11:53:54Z	'''Food''' is any [[substance]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/212568/food\|title=food\|work=Encyclopedia Britannica\|accessdate=29 May 2015}}</ref> consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of [[plant]] or [[animal]] origin, and contains essential [[nutrient]]s, such as [[fat]]s, [[protein (nutrient)\|proteins]], [[vitamin]]s, or [[mineral]]s. The substance is [[Ingestion\|ingested]] by an [[organism]] and assimilated by the organism's [[Cell (biology)\|cells]] to provide [[energy]], maintain life, or stimulate growth. Most food has its origin in plants. Some food is obtained directly from plants; but even animals that are used as food sources are raised by feeding them food derived from plants. [[Cereal]] grain is a [[staple food]] that provides more food energy worldwide than any other type of crop. [[Maize\|Corn (maize)]], [[wheat]], and [[rice]] – in all of their varieties – account for 87% of all grain production worldwide.<ref name="prodstat">{{cite web \|url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx \|title=ProdSTAT \|work=FAOSTAT \|accessdate=2008}}</ref> Most of the grain that is produced worldwide is fed to livestock.	2016-05-11T06:47:45Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triple_mix&diff=32327272&oldid=32327236	Is a mixture of three equal parts of [[Topsoil], [[[Peat Loam]], and Compost. It is soil commercially as a means to amend a variety of poor soil conditions. It may be planted directly into.	2005-12-22T05:03:43Z	Is a mixture of three equal parts of [[Topsoil]], [[Peat Loam]], and Compost. It is soil commercially as a means to amend a variety of poor soil conditions. It may be planted directly into.	2005-12-22T05:04:16Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boomerang_Generation&diff=36907363&oldid=36907227	[[Boomerang]] [[Generation]] is a term not uncommonly used to describe the current generation of[[young adults]] in the western world, having been born between the years of roughly 1981-1986 and possibly later than 1986.	2006-01-27T06:04:53Z	[[Boomerang]] [[Generation]] is a term not uncommonly used to describe the current generation of [[young adults]] in the western world, having been born between the years of roughly 1981-1986 and possibly later than 1986.	2006-01-27T06:06:45Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuj_(bathhouse)&diff=1101127773&oldid=1101127703	A '''chuj''' is a traditional [[Mayan civilization\|Maya]]n [[bathhouse]]. It is a sweat bath or [[steam bath]]. Traditional chuj had stone walls and [[live sod]] roofs. Today, some chuj are made out of [[adobe]] bricks or [[cinder block]]s instead.<ref name=Anomaly>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael-Steinberg-2/publication/238747098_Guatemala%27s_Altos_de_Chiantla_Changes_on_the_High_Frontier/links/55f6d0ff08aeba1d9eed810b/Guatemalas-Altos-de-Chiantla-Changes-on-the-High-Frontier.pdf?origin=publication_detail\|accessdate=July 28, 2022\|author1=Matthew K. Steinberg\|author2=Michael Taylor\|title=Guatemala's Altos de Chiantla: Changes on the High Frontier\|year=August 2008\|journal=Mountain Research and Development\|type=Full text \|volume=28\|issue=3\|pages=255-262\|doi=10.1659/mrd.0891}}</ref><ref name=Verge>{{cite magazine\|title=A Ritual Cleansing in Guatemala\|accessdate=July 28, 2022\|url=https://www.vergemagazine.com/volunteer-abroad/blogs/1210-a-ritual-cleansing-in-guatemala.html\|magazine=Verge\|author1=Trina Moyles}}</ref>	2022-07-29T12:49:35Z	A '''chuj''' is a traditional [[Mayan civilization\|Maya]]n [[bathhouse]]. It is a sweat bath or [[steam bath]]. Traditional chuj had stone walls and live [[sod]] roofs. Today, some chuj are made out of [[adobe]] bricks or [[cinder block]]s instead.<ref name=Anomaly>{{cite journal\|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael-Steinberg-2/publication/238747098_Guatemala%27s_Altos_de_Chiantla_Changes_on_the_High_Frontier/links/55f6d0ff08aeba1d9eed810b/Guatemalas-Altos-de-Chiantla-Changes-on-the-High-Frontier.pdf?origin=publication_detail\|accessdate=July 28, 2022\|author1=Matthew K. Steinberg\|author2=Michael Taylor\|title=Guatemala's Altos de Chiantla: Changes on the High Frontier\|year=August 2008\|journal=Mountain Research and Development\|type=Full text \|volume=28\|issue=3\|pages=255-262\|doi=10.1659/mrd.0891}}</ref><ref name=Verge>{{cite magazine\|title=A Ritual Cleansing in Guatemala\|accessdate=July 28, 2022\|url=https://www.vergemagazine.com/volunteer-abroad/blogs/1210-a-ritual-cleansing-in-guatemala.html\|magazine=Verge\|author1=Trina Moyles}}</ref>	2022-07-29T12:50:15Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Close_coupled_field_technology&diff=338549432&oldid=338549194	All chemical compounds – organic and inorganic – in the air are subject to attack at a molecular level and will be continuously degraded into smaller and smaller entities, ultimately even down to their component elements! Any inert particulate materials are then passed through a HAF filter where particles down to below 0.1 micron in size can be trapped. The combination of the CCFT and HAF filter significantly out-performs both HEPA and ULPA filters standards.	2010-01-18T13:32:33Z	All chemical compounds – organic and inorganic – in the air are subject to attack at a molecular level and will be continuously degraded into smaller and smaller entities, ultimately even down to their component elements! Any inert particulate materials are then passed through a HAF filter where particles down to below 0.1 micron in size can be trapped. The combination of the CCFT and [[HAF]] filter significantly out-performs both HEPA and ULPA filters standards.	2010-01-18T13:34:17Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hygiene_theater&diff=1008222612&oldid=1008220533	'''Hygiene theater''' is the practice of taking [[Hygiene\|hygiene measures]] that are intended to provide the feeling of improved safety while doing little to actually reduce any risk.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news\|last=Thompson\|first=Derek\|date=2020-07-27\|title=Hygiene Theater Is a Huge Waste of Time\|work=[[The Atlantic]]\|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/scourge-hygiene-theater/614599/\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-02-22}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news\|last=Thompson\|first=Derek\|date=2021-02-08\|title=Hygiene Theater Is Still a Huge Waste of Time\|work=The Atlantic\|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/02/hygiene-theater-still-waste/617939/\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-02-22}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news\|last=Landsverk\|first=Gabby\|date=2020-10-14\|title=5 bogus coronavirus protection measures that are just 'hygiene theater' — and 2 things that actually do work\|work=[[Insider]]\|url=https://www.insider.com/bogus-coronavirus-protection-measures-that-are-just-hygiene-theater-2020-10\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last=Palumbo\|first=Alysha\|date=2020-11-24\|title=Is Deep Cleaning Just ‘Hygiene Theater' in the Age of COVID?\|work=[[WBTS-CD]]\|url=https://www.nbcboston.com/news/coronavirus/is-deep-cleaning-just-hygiene-theater-in-the-age-of-covid/2240823/\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-02-22}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web\|last=Thorbecke\|first=Catherine\|last2=Lambert\|first2=Alexandra\|date=2020-09-20\|title='Hygiene theater': Disinfecting sprays and sanitizing robots alone won’t keep you safe from COVID-19\|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/hygiene-theater-disinfecting-sprays-sanitizing-robots-wont-safe/story?id=72913907\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-02-22\|website=[[ABC News]]\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last=Ives\|first=Mike\|last2=Mandavilli\|first2=Apoorva\|date=2020-11-19\|title=The Coronavirus Is Airborne Indoors. Why Are We Still Scrubbing Surfaces?\|language=en-US\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/18/world/asia/covid-cleaning.html\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-02-22\|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The term was coined on July 27, 2020 by [[Derek Thompson (journalist)\|Derek Thompson]], a staff writer for ''[[The Atlantic]]'', when referring to [[Hygiene\|hygiene measures]] being taken during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] that have done little to reduce the spread of [[Coronavirus disease 2019\|COVID-19]] and have provided a false sense of [[security]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Measures taken against COVID-19 that have been referred to as hygiene theater include deep cleaning (aside from in [[Hospital\|hospitals]]), [[Thermometer\|temperature checks]], plexiglass barriers, and the spraying of [[Disinfectant\|disinfectants]] by [[Human\|humans]] and [[Robot\|robots]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />	2021-02-22T05:02:58Z	'''Hygiene theater''' is the practice of taking [[Hygiene\|hygiene measures]] that are intended to provide the feeling of improved safety while doing little to actually reduce any risk.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news\|last=Thompson\|first=Derek\|date=2020-07-27\|title=Hygiene Theater Is a Huge Waste of Time\|work=[[The Atlantic]]\|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/scourge-hygiene-theater/614599/\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-02-22}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news\|last=Thompson\|first=Derek\|date=2021-02-08\|title=Hygiene Theater Is Still a Huge Waste of Time\|work=The Atlantic\|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/02/hygiene-theater-still-waste/617939/\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-02-22}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news\|last=Landsverk\|first=Gabby\|date=2020-10-14\|title=5 bogus coronavirus protection measures that are just 'hygiene theater' — and 2 things that actually do work\|work=[[Insider]]\|url=https://www.insider.com/bogus-coronavirus-protection-measures-that-are-just-hygiene-theater-2020-10\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last=Palumbo\|first=Alysha\|date=2020-11-24\|title=Is Deep Cleaning Just ‘Hygiene Theater' in the Age of COVID?\|work=[[WBTS-CD]]\|url=https://www.nbcboston.com/news/coronavirus/is-deep-cleaning-just-hygiene-theater-in-the-age-of-covid/2240823/\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-02-22}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web\|last=Thorbecke\|first=Catherine\|last2=Lambert\|first2=Alexandra\|date=2020-09-20\|title='Hygiene theater': Disinfecting sprays and sanitizing robots alone won’t keep you safe from COVID-19\|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/hygiene-theater-disinfecting-sprays-sanitizing-robots-wont-safe/story?id=72913907\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-02-22\|website=[[ABC News]]\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last=Ives\|first=Mike\|last2=Mandavilli\|first2=Apoorva\|date=2020-11-19\|title=The Coronavirus Is Airborne Indoors. Why Are We Still Scrubbing Surfaces?\|language=en-US\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/18/world/asia/covid-cleaning.html\|url-status=live\|access-date=2021-02-22\|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The term was coined on July 27, 2020 by [[Derek Thompson (journalist)\|Derek Thompson]], a staff writer for ''[[The Atlantic]]'', when referring to hygiene measures being taken during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] that have done little to reduce the spread of [[Coronavirus disease 2019\|COVID-19]] and have provided a false sense of [[security]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Measures taken against COVID-19 that have been referred to as hygiene theater include deep cleaning (aside from in [[Hospital\|hospitals]]), [[Thermometer\|temperature checks]], plexiglass barriers, and the spraying of [[Disinfectant\|disinfectants]] by [[Human\|humans]] and [[Robot\|robots]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />	2021-02-22T05:22:25Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wound_licking&diff=264425400&oldid=264425336	However, there are real risks in allowing pets to lick wounds. Licking of open wounds by pet cats or dogs can cause [[cellulitis]]<ref>DiNubile MJ, Lipsky BA: [http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/53/suppl_2/ii37.pdf Complicated infections of skin and skin structures: when the infection is more than skin deep]. ''Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy'' 2004 53, Suppl. S2, ii37–ii50]</ref><ref>Yu GV, Boike AM, Hladik JR: [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3458590 An unusual case of diabetic cellulitis due to Pasturella multocida]. ''J Foot Ankle Surg'' 1995 Jan-Feb;34(1):91-5.</ref> and septicemia.<ref>Hazouard E, Ferrandière M, Lanotte P, Le Marcis L, Cattier B, Giniès G: Septic shock caused by Pasteurella multocida in alcoholic patients. Probable contamination of leg ulcers by the saliva of the domestic cats.''Presse Med'' 2000 Sep 16;29(16):1455-7.[Article in French]</ref><ref>Valtonen M, Lauhio A, Carlson P, Multanen J, Sivonen A, Vaara M, Lähdevirta J: Capnocytophaga canimorsus septicemia: fifth report of a cat-associated infection and five other cases. ''Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis'' 1995 Jun;14(6):520-3</ref>. Dog saliva has been reported to delay the healing of [[ulcers]].<ref>Knowles J. Dog saliva complicates the healing of ulcers. ''Nurs Times'' 2000 Jan 27-Feb 2;96(4 Suppl):8</ref> A diabetic man was infected by ''[[Pasteurella]] dagmatis'' due to the licking of his injured toe by his dog, causing a spinal infection, <ref>Dupuy O, Garrabé E, Bordier L, Boyer B, Goasguen O, Mayaudon H, Bauduceau B: [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VMG-4K6CN72-3&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=57720fb7981e1a28bc6e8e7de2244488 Pasteurella dagmatis spondylodiscitis in a diabetic patient]. ''Rev Med Interne'' 2006 Oct;27(10):803-4 [Article in French]]</ref> a women recovering from surgery for endometrial cancer suffered from ''Pasteurella multocida'' infection causing an [[abscess]] after her cat licked the incision<ref>Chun ML, Buekers TE, Sood AK, Sorosky JI: [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9P-48PV1T3-1S&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=724e2172c0543b4bcba452a22b9f16af Postoperative wound infection with Pasteurella multocida from a pet cat]. ''Am J Obstet Gynecol'' 2003 Apr;188(4):1115-6</ref>, a woman recovering from knee surgery suffered a persistent infection of the knee with ''Pasteurella'' after her dog licked a small wound on her toe<ref>Heym B, Jouve F, Lemoal M, Veil-Picard A, Lortat-Jacob A, Nicolas-Chanoine MH. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/p624775n6176628w/ Pasteurella multocida infection of a total knee arthroplasty after a "dog lick"]. ''Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc'' 2006 Oct;14(10):993-7</ref>, and a 68 year old man died from [[septicemia]] and [[necrotizing fasciitis]] after a wound was licked by his dog.<ref>Ko Chang, L. K. Siu, Yen-Hsu Chen, Po-Liang Lu, Tun-Chieh Chen, Hsiao-Chen Hsieh, Chun-Lu Lin: [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a770190889~db=all Fatal Pasteurella multocida septicemia and necrotizing fasciitis related with wound licked by a domestic dog]. ''Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases'' 2007, 39(2): 167-170</ref> A blood donor whose cat licked her chapped fingers passed on ''Pasteurella'' infection to a 74-year old transfusion recipient<ref>Bryant BJ, Conry-Cantilena C, Ahlgren A, Felice A, Stroncek DF, Gibble J, Leitman SF: [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118485274/abstract Pasteurella multocida bacteremia in asymptomatic plateletpheresis donors: a tale of two cats]. ''Transfusion'' 2007 Nov;47(11):1984-9</ref>, and a seven-week old boy contracted meningitis due to ''Pasteurella'' from contact with pet saliva.<ref>Wade T, Booy R, Teare EL, Kroll S: [http://www.springerlink.com/content/6jxngneqe41f0jxk/ Pasteurella multocida meningitis in infancy - (a lick may be as bad as a bite)]. ''Eur J Pediatr'' 1999 Nov;158(11):875-8.</ref>	2009-01-16T08:03:54Z	However, there are real risks in allowing pets to lick wounds. Licking of open wounds by pet cats or dogs can cause [[cellulitis]]<ref>DiNubile MJ, Lipsky BA: [http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/53/suppl_2/ii37.pdf Complicated infections of skin and skin structures: when the infection is more than skin deep]. ''Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy'' 2004 53, Suppl. S2, ii37–ii50]</ref><ref>Yu GV, Boike AM, Hladik JR: [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3458590 An unusual case of diabetic cellulitis due to Pasturella multocida]. ''J Foot Ankle Surg'' 1995 Jan-Feb;34(1):91-5.</ref> and septicemia.<ref>Hazouard E, Ferrandière M, Lanotte P, Le Marcis L, Cattier B, Giniès G: Septic shock caused by Pasteurella multocida in alcoholic patients. Probable contamination of leg ulcers by the saliva of the domestic cats.''Presse Med'' 2000 Sep 16;29(16):1455-7.[Article in French]</ref><ref>Valtonen M, Lauhio A, Carlson P, Multanen J, Sivonen A, Vaara M, Lähdevirta J: Capnocytophaga canimorsus septicemia: fifth report of a cat-associated infection and five other cases. ''Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis'' 1995 Jun;14(6):520-3</ref>. Dog saliva has been reported to delay the healing of [[ulcers]].<ref>Knowles J. Dog saliva complicates the healing of ulcers. ''Nurs Times'' 2000 Jan 27-Feb 2;96(4 Suppl):8</ref> A diabetic man was infected by ''[[Pasteurella]] dagmatis'' due to the licking of his injured toe by his dog, causing a spinal infection,<ref>Dupuy O, Garrabé E, Bordier L, Boyer B, Goasguen O, Mayaudon H, Bauduceau B: [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VMG-4K6CN72-3&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=57720fb7981e1a28bc6e8e7de2244488 Pasteurella dagmatis spondylodiscitis in a diabetic patient]. ''Rev Med Interne'' 2006 Oct;27(10):803-4 [Article in French]]</ref> a women recovering from surgery for endometrial cancer suffered from ''Pasteurella multocida'' infection causing an [[abscess]] after her cat licked the incision<ref>Chun ML, Buekers TE, Sood AK, Sorosky JI: [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9P-48PV1T3-1S&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=724e2172c0543b4bcba452a22b9f16af Postoperative wound infection with Pasteurella multocida from a pet cat]. ''Am J Obstet Gynecol'' 2003 Apr;188(4):1115-6</ref>, a woman recovering from knee surgery suffered a persistent infection of the knee with ''Pasteurella'' after her dog licked a small wound on her toe<ref>Heym B, Jouve F, Lemoal M, Veil-Picard A, Lortat-Jacob A, Nicolas-Chanoine MH. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/p624775n6176628w/ Pasteurella multocida infection of a total knee arthroplasty after a "dog lick"]. ''Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc'' 2006 Oct;14(10):993-7</ref>, and a 68 year old man died from [[septicemia]] and [[necrotizing fasciitis]] after a wound was licked by his dog.<ref>Ko Chang, L. K. Siu, Yen-Hsu Chen, Po-Liang Lu, Tun-Chieh Chen, Hsiao-Chen Hsieh, Chun-Lu Lin: [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a770190889~db=all Fatal Pasteurella multocida septicemia and necrotizing fasciitis related with wound licked by a domestic dog]. ''Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases'' 2007, 39(2): 167-170</ref> A blood donor whose cat licked her chapped fingers passed on ''Pasteurella'' infection to a 74-year old transfusion recipient<ref>Bryant BJ, Conry-Cantilena C, Ahlgren A, Felice A, Stroncek DF, Gibble J, Leitman SF: [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118485274/abstract Pasteurella multocida bacteremia in asymptomatic plateletpheresis donors: a tale of two cats]. ''Transfusion'' 2007 Nov;47(11):1984-9</ref>, and a seven-week old boy contracted meningitis due to ''Pasteurella'' from contact with pet saliva.<ref>Wade T, Booy R, Teare EL, Kroll S: [http://www.springerlink.com/content/6jxngneqe41f0jxk/ Pasteurella multocida meningitis in infancy - (a lick may be as bad as a bite)]. ''Eur J Pediatr'' 1999 Nov;158(11):875-8.</ref>	2009-01-16T08:04:47Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_cultural_property_law&diff=582745767&oldid=582745616	Recently, in June of 2013, news reports illustrate the on going debate between Germany’s [[Angela Merkel]] and [[Russia’s Vladimir Putin]]<ref>{{cite news\|title=Merkel and Putin view exhibition of disputed art\|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-23001274\|accessdate=21 November 2013\|newspaper=BBC News\|date=June 21, 2013}}</ref>.	2013-11-21T23:44:25Z	Recently, in June of 2013, news reports illustrate the on going debate between Germany’s [[Angela Merkel]] and Russia’s Vladimir Putin<ref>{{cite news\|title=Merkel and Putin view exhibition of disputed art\|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-23001274\|accessdate=21 November 2013\|newspaper=BBC News\|date=June 21, 2013}}</ref>.	2013-11-21T23:45:24Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cultural_critic&diff=17203739&oldid=10295123	A cultural critic therefore stands, in relation to [[intellectual]] or artistic life, or certain social arrangements or [[[education]]al practices, roughly where a [[prophet]] would in respect of [[religious]] life. Cultural critics came to the fore in the [[nineteenth century]]. [[Matthew Arnold]] is a leading example of a cultural critic of the [[Victorian age]]; in him there is also a concern for religion. [[John Ruskin]] was another — because of an equation made between ugliness of material surroundings and an impoverished life, [[aesthete]]s and others might be considered implicitly to be engaging in cultural criticism, but the actual articulation is what makes a critic.	2005-02-15T15:56:12Z	A cultural critic therefore stands, in relation to [[intellectual]] or artistic life, or certain social arrangements or [[education]]al practices, roughly where a [[prophet]] would in respect of [[religious]] life. Cultural critics came to the fore in the [[nineteenth century]]. [[Matthew Arnold]] is a leading example of a cultural critic of the [[Victorian age]]; in him there is also a concern for religion. [[John Ruskin]] was another — because of an equation made between ugliness of material surroundings and an impoverished life, [[aesthete]]s and others might be considered implicitly to be engaging in cultural criticism, but the actual articulation is what makes a critic.	2005-02-15T18:38:17Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_cultural_protectionism&diff=14308449&oldid=14308443	[[Canadian Culture]] [[Cultural imperialism]] [[Canadian Nationalism]]	2005-05-27T10:48:26Z	* [[Canadian Culture]] * [[Cultural imperialism]] * [[Canadian Nationalism]]	2005-05-27T10:49:11Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_and_peacebuilding&diff=481049363&oldid=481049071	'''Religion and Peacebuilding''' refers to the study of religion in terms of its role in the development of peace world-wide. Scholars generally accept that religion has been, at different points in history, both advantageous and ruinous to the promotion of peace. However, there have been many differing approaches to explaining this variability. Nathan C. Funk and Christina J. Woolner categorize these approaches into three separate models. The first is “peace through religion alone”. This is a very old model that proposes that world peace may be attained through devotion to a given religion. Opponents of this approach point out that advocates of the model generally want to attain peace through their particular religion only and have little tolerance of other ideologies. The second model, which is very much a response to the first, is “peace without religion”. Critics of this model claim that it is overly simplistic and fails to address other causes of conflict as well as the peace potential of religion. Moreover, critics remain skeptical of this approach because it seems to engage in a process of othering those who wish to remain religious. In this sense, both of these approaches have come under fire because they model peace on the conversion of others into their own ideology. The third and final approach is known as “peace with religion”. This approach focuses on the importance of coexistence and interfaith dialogue <ref>Nathan C. Funk and Christina J. Woolner, "REligion and Peace and COnflict Studies," in Critical Issues in Peace and Conflict Studies, ed. Thomas Matyok, Jessica Senehi, and Sean Byrne (Toronto: Lexington Books, 2011), pp 351-358.</ref>. Gerrie ter Haar suggests that religion is neither inherently good nor bad for peace, but its importance to and influence over the world’s population is undeniable <ref> Gerrie ter Haar, "Religion: Source of Conflict or REsource for Peace?" in Bridge or Barrier: Religion, Violence and Visions for Peace, ed. Gerrie ter Haar and James J. Busuttil (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2005), pp. 18-36</ref>. Peace with religion, then, puts a strong emphasis on recognizing and promoting the widespread moral principles present in every major religion. A major component of religion and peacebuilding is faith-based NGOs. Douglas Johnston points out that faith-based NGOs offer two distinct advantages. The first is that, being positioned within a faith group, they are already situated within the community. As opposed to many NGOs working overseas, faith-based NGOs are very often locally based, which means their ties to the members of the community are already well established and their relationships are more likely to be authentic. He argues that “it is important to promote indigenous ownership of conflict prevention and peacebuilding initiatives as early in the process as possible.” The second advantage Johnston presents is that faith-based NGOs carry a certain moral authority that contributes to the receptivity of negotiations and policies for peace <ref>Douglas Johnston, "Faith-Based Organizations: The Religious Dimension of Peacebuilding." in People Building Peace II: Successful Stories of Civil Society, ed Paul van Tongeren, et al (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2005), pp. 209-218 </ref>.	2012-03-09T19:25:45Z	'''Religion and Peacebuilding''' refers to the study of religion in terms of its role in the development of peace world-wide. Scholars generally accept that religion has been, at different points in history, both advantageous and ruinous to the promotion of peace. However, there have been many differing approaches to explaining this variability. Nathan C. Funk and Christina J. Woolner categorize these approaches into three separate models. The first is “peace through religion alone”. This is a very old model that proposes that world peace may be attained through devotion to a given religion. Opponents of this approach point out that advocates of the model generally want to attain peace through their particular religion only and have little tolerance of other ideologies. The second model, which is very much a response to the first, is “peace without religion”. Critics of this model claim that it is overly simplistic and fails to address other causes of conflict as well as the peace potential of religion. Moreover, critics remain skeptical of this approach because it seems to engage in a process of othering those who wish to remain religious. In this sense, both of these approaches have come under fire because they model peace on the conversion of others into their own ideology. The third and final approach is known as “peace with religion”. This approach focuses on the importance of coexistence and interfaith dialogue <ref>Nathan C. Funk and Christina J. Woolner, "REligion and Peace and COnflict Studies," in Critical Issues in Peace and Conflict Studies, ed. Thomas Matyok, Jessica Senehi, and Sean Byrne (Toronto: Lexington Books, 2011), pp 351-358.</ref>. Gerrie ter Haar suggests that religion is neither inherently good nor bad for peace, but its importance to and influence over the world’s population is undeniable <ref> Gerrie ter Haar, "Religion: Source of Conflict or REsource for Peace?" in Bridge or Barrier: Religion, Violence and Visions for Peace, ed. Gerrie ter Haar and James J. Busuttil (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2005), pp. 18-36</ref>. Peace with religion, then, puts a strong emphasis on recognizing and promoting the widespread moral principles present in every major religion. A major component of religion and peacebuilding is faith-based NGOs. Douglas Johnston points out that faith-based NGOs offer two distinct advantages. The first is that, being positioned within a faith group, they are already situated within the community. As opposed to many NGOs working overseas, faith-based NGOs are very often locally based, which means their ties to the members of the community are already well established and their relationships are more likely to be authentic. He argues that “it is important to promote indigenous ownership of conflict prevention and peacebuilding initiatives as early in the process as possible.” The second advantage Johnston presents is that faith-based NGOs carry a certain moral authority that contributes to the receptivity of negotiations and policies for peace <ref>Douglas Johnston, "Faith-Based Organizations: The Religious Dimension of Peacebuilding." in People Building Peace II: Successful Stories of Civil Society, ed Paul van Tongeren, et al (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2005), pp. 209-218 </ref>.	2012-03-09T19:27:36Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archaeology_of_religion_and_ritual&diff=400215546&oldid=400211040	Because religion and political power are often intertwined (Firth 1981, Wolf 1991) <ref> </ref> Firth, Raymond (1981) Spiritual Aroma: Religion and Politics. ‘’American Anthropologist’’, New Series, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 582-601<ref> Wolf, Eric (1991) ‘’Religious Regimes and State Formation: Perspectives From European Ethnography.’’ Albany: State University of New York Press </ref> particularly in early states, the archaeology of religion may also engage theories of [[power]] and [[inequality]]. John Janusek’s study of [[Tiwanaku]] religion, for example, explored the ways that religion served to integrate societies within the Andean state <ref> Janusek, John Wayne (2006) The changing ‘nature’ of Tiwanaku religion and the rise of the Andean state. ‘’World Archaeology’’ Vol. 38(3): 469-492 </ref>. [[Colonial]] regimes frequently justified expansion through a commitment to religious conversion; archaeologies of coloniality may therefore intersect with the archaeology of religion. James Delle’s 2001 article on [[missions]] and landscape in [[Jamaica]] <ref> Delle, James (2001) Race, Missionaries, and the Struggle to Free Jamaica. In ‘’Race and the Archaeology of Identity.’’ Charles E. Orser, Jr., ed. Pp. 177-195. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press </ref> and Barbara Voss’ work on missions, [[sexuality]] and [[empire]] <ref> Voss, Barbara (2008) Domesticating Imperialism: Sexual Politics and the Archaeology of Empire. ‘’American Anthropologist’’ 110(2): 191-203 </ref> demonstrate how religion has intersected with colonial regimes.	2010-12-02T22:31:39Z	Because religion and political power are often intertwined (Firth 1981, Wolf 1991) <ref>Firth, Raymond (1981) Spiritual Aroma: Religion and Politics. ‘’American Anthropologist’’, New Series, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 582-601 </ref> <ref> Wolf, Eric (1991) ‘’Religious Regimes and State Formation: Perspectives From European Ethnography.’’ Albany: State University of New York Press </ref> particularly in early states, the archaeology of religion may also engage theories of [[power]] and [[inequality]]. John Janusek’s study of [[Tiwanaku]] religion, for example, explored the ways that religion served to integrate societies within the Andean state <ref> Janusek, John Wayne (2006) The changing ‘nature’ of Tiwanaku religion and the rise of the Andean state. ‘’World Archaeology’’ Vol. 38(3): 469-492 </ref>. [[Colonial]] regimes frequently justified expansion through a commitment to religious conversion; archaeologies of coloniality may therefore intersect with the archaeology of religion. James Delle’s 2001 article on [[missions]] and landscape in [[Jamaica]] <ref> Delle, James (2001) Race, Missionaries, and the Struggle to Free Jamaica. In ‘’Race and the Archaeology of Identity.’’ Charles E. Orser, Jr., ed. Pp. 177-195. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press </ref> and Barbara Voss’ work on missions, [[sexuality]] and [[empire]] <ref> Voss, Barbara (2008) Domesticating Imperialism: Sexual Politics and the Archaeology of Empire. ‘’American Anthropologist’’ 110(2): 191-203 </ref> demonstrate how religion has intersected with colonial regimes.	2010-12-02T22:59:16Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evocation&diff=3822027&oldid=3822014	'''Evocation''' is the [[magical\|magic]] art of calling forth [[spirits]] to do the bidding of the magician or provide information.	2004-06-01T11:44:14Z	'''Evocation''' is the [[magic\|magical]] art of calling forth [[spirits]] to do the bidding of the magician or provide information.	2004-06-01T11:44:47Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Life_cycle_ritual&diff=896980324&oldid=896978349	A life cycle ritual can best be described as a ceremony undergone by an individual when he or she enters one phase of life to another. The term may be synonymous with ‘rite of passage’ as described by Arnold van Gennep in his 1909 work ‘Rite of Passage’<ref>Van Gennep, A. (2013). The rites of passage. Routledge.</ref>although can be described as more specifically to do with major biological life events such as birth, adolescence, marriage and death. Van Gennep described society as being comprised of “…several disparate social groupings”. He further divided these social groupings into either secular (financial strata, for example) or sacred (being born, getting married), the latter being the category most closely associated with life cycle rituals.	2019-05-14T00:43:08Z	A life cycle ritual can best be described as a ceremony undergone by an individual when he or she enters one phase of life to another. The term may be synonymous with ‘rite of passage’ as described by Arnold van Gennep in his 1909 work ‘Rite of Passage’<ref>Van Gennep, A. (2013). The rites of passage. Routledge.</ref> although can be described as more specifically to do with major biological life events such as birth, adolescence, marriage and death. Van Gennep described society as being comprised of “…several disparate social groupings”. He further divided these social groupings into either secular (financial strata, for example) or sacred (being born, getting married), the latter being the category most closely associated with life cycle rituals.	2019-05-14T00:56:13Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Art_cluster&diff=527842301&oldid=527842032	'''Art Cluster''', in [[Globalization\|global]] contemporary art scene, refers a group of artists that work through Internet to promote the free culture and many artistic values.<ref name="test">S. Edward Loftus. The art cluster: [[File:Art Cluster\|thumbnail\|[[File:Art Cluster.jpg\|thumb\|Add caption here]]]]	2012-12-13T10:48:56Z	[[File:Art Cluster\|thumbnail\|[[File:Art Cluster.jpg\|thumb\|Add caption here]]]] '''Art Cluster''', in [[Globalization\|global]] contemporary art scene, refers a group of artists that work through Internet to promote the free culture and many artistic values.<ref name="test">S. Edward Loftus. The art cluster:	2012-12-13T10:52:20Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Everyday_life&diff=23109848&oldid=23109642	# REDIRECT [[Personal life]]	2005-09-12T17:08:39Z	#REDIRECT [[Personal life]]	2005-09-12T17:13:24Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magical_Negro&diff=421182085&oldid=419009293	The magical negro serves as a plot device to help the protagonist get out of trouble, typically through helping the white character recognize his own faults and overcome them.<ref name="strangehorizons" /> Although he has magical powers, his "magic is ostensibly directed toward helping and enlightening a white male character."<ref name="Hicks" /> "These powers are used to save and transform disheveled, uncultured, lost, or broken whites (almost exclusively white men) into competent, successful, and content people within the context of the American myth of redemption and salvation."<ref name="Hughey" /> It is this feature of the magical negro that some people find most troubling. Although from a certain perspective the character may seem to be showing blacks in a positive light, he is still ultimately subordinate to whites. He is also regarded as an exception, allowing white America to "like individual black people but not black culture."<ref>{{cite book\|title=Black Magic: White Hollywood and African American Culture \| first = Krin \| last = Gabbard \|pages=173 \| location = [[New Brunswick, New Jersey\|New Brunswick, NJ]] \| publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]] \|year= 2004\|isbn = 081353383X \| oclc = 53215708}}</ref> <ref>{{cite article\|title="Cinethetic Racism: White Redemption and Black Stereotypes in 'Magical Negro' Films." \| first = Matthew \| last = Hughey \|pages = 543-577 \| volume 25 \| issue = 3 \| work = Social Problems \| month = August \| year = 2009 }}</ref>	2011-03-15T20:30:10Z	The magical negro serves as a plot device to help the protagonist get out of trouble, typically through helping the white character recognize his own faults and overcome them.<ref name="strangehorizons" /> Although he has magical powers, his "magic is ostensibly directed toward helping and enlightening a white male character."<ref name="Hicks" /> "These powers are used to save and transform disheveled, uncultured, lost, or broken whites (almost exclusively white men) into competent, successful, and content people within the context of the American myth of redemption and salvation."<ref name="Hughey" /> It is this feature of the magical negro that some people find most troubling. Although from a certain perspective the character may seem to be showing blacks in a positive light, he is still ultimately subordinate to whites. He is also regarded as an exception, allowing white America to "like individual black people but not black culture."<ref>{{cite book\|title=Black Magic: White Hollywood and African American Culture \| first = Krin \| last = Gabbard \|pages=173 \| location = [[New Brunswick, New Jersey\|New Brunswick, NJ]] \| publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]] \|year= 2004\|isbn = 081353383X \| oclc = 53215708}}</ref><ref name="Hughey">{{cite article\|title="Cinethetic Racism: White Redemption and Black Stereotypes in 'Magical Negro' Films." \| first = Matthew \| last = Hughey \|pages = 543-577 \| volume 25 \| issue = 3 \| work = Social Problems \| month = August \| year = 2009 }}</ref>	2011-03-28T18:04:31Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sangue_dormido&diff=1151867898&oldid=1151867745	* {{cite book \|last=Townsend \|first=Mary C. \|date=2009 \|title=Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice \|url=https://archive.org/details/psychiatricmenta0006unse/page/100/mode/2up \|location=Philadelphia \|publisher=[[F. A. Davis Company]] \|page=100 \|isbn=978-0-8036-1917-3}}</ref	2023-04-26T19:09:49Z	* {{cite book \|last=Townsend \|first=Mary C. \|date=2009 \|title=Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice \|url=https://archive.org/details/psychiatricmenta0006unse/page/100/mode/2up \|location=Philadelphia \|publisher=[[F. A. Davis Company]] \|page=100 \|isbn=978-0-8036-1917-3}}</ref>	2023-04-26T19:10:46Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bottle_cap_collecting&diff=1098976899&oldid=1098961741	'''Bottle cap collecting''' is the hobby of collecting metallic [[Crown cork\|crown caps]]. The hobby may or may not include drinking beverages that have been sealed with crown caps. Opening bottles with traditional openers may damage the crown caps, thus some collectors use automatic bottle openers to avoid any substantial damage to the crown caps.<ref name="TaZa.co">{{cite web\|last=\|first=\|title=The Art of the Bottle Cap Collection: Drink Beer, Save the Caps!\|website=TaZa.co\|publisher=\|date=\|url=https://www.taza.co/bottle-cap-collection/\|access-date=18 July 2022}}</ref>	2022-07-18T09:14:30Z	'''Bottle cap collecting''' is the hobby of [[collecting]] metallic [[Crown cork\|crown caps]]. The hobby may or may not include drinking beverages that have been sealed with crown caps. Opening bottles with traditional openers may damage the crown caps, thus some collectors use automatic bottle openers to avoid any substantial damage to the crown caps.<ref name="TaZa.co">{{cite web\|last=\|first=\|title=The Art of the Bottle Cap Collection: Drink Beer, Save the Caps!\|website=TaZa.co\|publisher=\|date=\|url=https://www.taza.co/bottle-cap-collection/\|access-date=18 July 2022}}</ref>	2022-07-18T11:10:14Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_women's_day_(India)&diff=1100957103&oldid=1100955458	'''National women's day''' in [[India]] is celebrated on 13 February every year, on the birthday of [[Sarojini Naidu]] she was born on 13 February 1879 in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]]. Naidu was an active [[Indian independence movement]] leader and known for her literary works, particularly for her poems with the themes like [[patriotism]], [[romanticism]] and [[Lyric poetry\|lyric]] for which she is called "Nightingale of India"—(''Bharat Kokila'') by [[Mahatma Gandhi]], Naidu had always stood for the empowerment of women in India.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Why is National Women’s Day Celebrated on Sarojini Naidu’s Birth Anniversary?\|url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/why-is-national-womens-day-celebrated-on-sarojini-naidus-birth-anniversary-4764887.html\|work=[[Network 18]]\|date=13 February 2022\|accessdate=28 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=National Women's Day 2021: Remembering Sarojini Naidu on her 142nd Birth Anniversary\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/national-women-s-day-2021-remembering-sarojini-naidu-on-her-142nd-birth-anniversary-1768881-2021-02-13\|newspaper=[[India Today]]\|date=13 February 2021\|\|accessdate=28 July 2022}}</ref>	2022-07-28T14:45:32Z	'''National women's day''' in [[India]] is celebrated on 13 February every year, on the birthday of [[Sarojini Naidu]] she was born on 13 February 1879 in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]]. Naidu was an active [[Indian independence movement]] leader and known for her literary works, particularly for her poems with the themes like [[patriotism]], [[romanticism]] and [[Lyric poetry\|lyric]] for which she is called "Nightingale of India"—(''Bharat Kokila'') by [[Mahatma Gandhi]], Naidu had always stood for the empowerment of women in India.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Why is National Women’s Day Celebrated on Sarojini Naidu’s Birth Anniversary?\|url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/why-is-national-womens-day-celebrated-on-sarojini-naidus-birth-anniversary-4764887.html\|work=[[Network 18]]\|date=13 February 2022\|accessdate=28 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=National Women's Day 2021: Remembering Sarojini Naidu on her 142nd Birth Anniversary\|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/national-women-s-day-2021-remembering-sarojini-naidu-on-her-142nd-birth-anniversary-1768881-2021-02-13\|newspaper=[[India Today]]\|date=13 February 2021\|accessdate=28 July 2022}}</ref>	2022-07-28T14:56:45Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_legal_abbreviations&diff=11598306&oldid=4075073	*SI [[Statutory Instruments]]	2004-06-13T21:23:05Z	*SI [[Statutory]] [[Instruments]]	2004-06-13T21:26:10Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ages_of_consent_in_Asia&diff=1007870491&oldid=1007870359	\|align=left\|{{flagg\|pspew\|al=c\|Kazakhstan\|plink=#Kazakhstan}} \|align=center\|No \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| 16 \|\| 16 \|\| 16 \|\| 16 \|align=left\|{{flagg\|pspew\|al=c\|Kyrgyzstan\|plink=#Kyrgyzstan}} \|align=center\|No \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| 16 \|\| 16 \|\| 16 \|\| 16	2021-02-20T10:13:07Z	\|align=left\|{{flagg\|pspew\|al=c\|Kazakhstan\|plink=#Kazakhstan}} \|\| align=center\|No \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| 16 \|\| 16 \|\| 16 \|\| 16 \|align=left\|{{flagg\|pspew\|al=c\|Kyrgyzstan\|plink=#Kyrgyzstan}} \|\| align=center\|No \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| {{N/A}} \|\| 16 \|\| 16 \|\| 16 \|\| 16	2021-02-20T10:14:08Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_with_alcohol_prohibition&diff=616857425&oldid=616857322	'''Sudan''' - '''Yemen'''	2014-07-14T02:11:57Z	'''Yemen''' '''Sudan''' -	2014-07-14T02:13:16Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory&diff=793909965&oldid=793908497	<div>[[File:Incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation and gender identity prohibited by country or territory.svg\|thumb\|center\|1050px\|{{legend\|#800080\|Incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation and gender identity}} {{legend\|#0000ff\|Incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation prohibited}} {{legend\|#CCCCCC\|No prohibition on incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation and gender identity}}]]</div>	2017-08-04T18:05:46Z	<div>[[File:Incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation and gender identity prohibited by country or territory.svg\|thumb\|center\|1050px\|{{legend\|#800080\|Incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation and gender identity prohibited}} {{legend\|#0000ff\|Incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation prohibited}} {{legend\|#CCCCCC\|No prohibition on incitement to hatred based on sexual orientation and gender identity}}]]</div>	2017-08-04T18:14:18Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_members_of_Lincoln's_Inn&diff=342335745&oldid=342145519	*[[William Osgoode]], first Chief Justice of [[Ontario]] after whom [[Osgoode Hall]] (and by proxy [[Osgoode Hall Law School]]) was named	2010-02-05T19:10:28Z	*[[William Osgoode]], first Chief Justice of [[Ontario]] after whom [[Osgoode Hall]] (and by proxy [[Osgoode Hall Law School]]) was named	2010-02-06T19:12:44Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_minimum_driving_ages&diff=925440395&oldid=925440356	\| style="text-align:center;"\|19 in most provinces without parental agreement<BR/>14, with parental supervision, in [[Alberta]]	2019-11-10T03:48:44Z	\| style="text-align:center;"\|19 in most provinces without parental agreement <BR/>14, with parental supervision, in [[Alberta]]	2019-11-10T03:49:03Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_minimum_wage&diff=1058615718&oldid=1058615618	This is a list of the official [[minimum wage]] rates of the 193 [[United Nations member states]] and former members of the [[United Nations]], also including the following territories and states with limited recognition: [[Northern Cyprus]], and [[Kosovo]] and other independent countries. Some countries may have a very complicated minimum wage system; for example, India has more than 1202 minimum wage rates for different types of industries and skill levels.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.paycheck.in/main/salary/minimumwages \|title=Minimum Wage in India 2013 \|publisher=PayCheck.in \|access-date=2014-01-08}}</ref> Meanwhile other countries may have a national rate which often is superseded by state, provincial, cantonal, county and city minimum wage rates. For example 33 states in the [[United States]] have higher minimum wages than the Federal rate (plus military rates on federal bases) - on top of this an additional 42 city-level subdivisions having different minimum wage rates and 53 counties. <ref>https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.35.1.27</ref> In effect the United States has over 100 different minimum wages across the nation. This is common in Federal nations as [[Canada]]<ref>https://www.retailcouncil.org/resources/quick-facts/minimum-wage-by-province/</ref> and [[China\|Minimum wage in China]] also have numerous different rates. In the article below only the lowest minimum wage is cited, or the highest-level subdivision where it applies.	2021-12-04T17:57:06Z	This is a list of the official [[minimum wage]] rates of the 193 [[United Nations member states]] and former members of the [[United Nations]], also including the following territories and states with limited recognition: [[Northern Cyprus]], and [[Kosovo]] and other independent countries. Some countries may have a very complicated minimum wage system; for example, India has more than 1202 minimum wage rates for different types of industries and skill levels.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.paycheck.in/main/salary/minimumwages \|title=Minimum Wage in India 2013 \|publisher=PayCheck.in \|access-date=2014-01-08}}</ref> Meanwhile other countries may have a national rate which often is superseded by state, provincial, cantonal, county and city minimum wage rates. For example 33 states in the [[United States]] have higher minimum wages than the Federal rate (plus military rates on federal bases) - on top of this an additional 42 city-level subdivisions having different minimum wage rates and 53 counties. <ref>https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.35.1.27</ref> In effect the United States has over 100 different minimum wages across the nation. This is common in Federal nations as [[Canada]]<ref>https://www.retailcouncil.org/resources/quick-facts/minimum-wage-by-province/</ref> and [[Minimum wage in China\|China]] also have numerous different rates. In the article below only the lowest minimum wage is cited, or the highest-level subdivision where it applies.	2021-12-04T17:57:32Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparative_negligence&diff=14958101&oldid=14956857	* [http://www.mwl-law.com/chart.htm/ Listing of U.S. states, the negligence doctrine that applies, and legal the basis for that doctrine.]	2005-06-10T01:28:55Z	* [http://www.mwl-law.com/chart.htm Listing of U.S. states, the negligence doctrine that applies, and legal the basis for that doctrine.]	2005-06-10T01:32:34Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vindicatory_damages&diff=1153270722&oldid=1153270622	In [[common law legal systems]], the term of art 'Vindicatory Damages' is a [[taxonomic]] label to describe a certain type of [[damages]] awarded by courts to individuals who have suffered a [[legal wrong]].	2023-05-05T07:43:09Z	In [[common law legal systems]], the [[term of art]] 'Vindicatory Damages' is a [[taxonomic]] label to describe a certain type of [[damages]] awarded by courts to individuals who have suffered a [[legal wrong]].	2023-05-05T07:43:59Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Hernández-Gil_Young_Lawyers_Award&diff=1143056175&oldid=1143055672	{{Infobox award\|name="Antonio Hernández-Gil" Young Lawyers Award\|awarded_for=\|description=\|eligibility=[[Lawyer\|Lawyers]]\|country=[[Spain]]\|awardname=\|native_name=\|type=Legal award\|presenter=\|host=[[General Council of Spanish Lawyers]] (CGAE)<br />[[Bar association\|Bar Associations]] of [[Spain]]}}	2023-03-05T18:15:33Z	{{Infobox award\|name="Antonio Hernández-Gil" Young Lawyers Award\|awarded_for=\|description=\|eligibility=[[Lawyer\|Lawyers]]\|country=[[Spain]]\|awardname=\|native_name=\|type=Legal award\|presenter=[[General Council of Spanish Lawyers]] (CGAE)<br />[[Bar association\|Bar Associations]] of [[Spain]]\|host=}}	2023-03-05T18:18:44Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Certified_translation&diff=180032198&oldid=180032102	In [[South Africa]] the translator must be authorized by the [[High Court of South Africa\|High Court]], and must use an original (or a sworn copy of an original) in his physical presence as his source text; the translator may only swear by his own translation; there is no requirement for an additional witness (such as a [[notary]]) to attest to the [[authentication\|authenticity]] of the translation.	2007-12-24T23:12:52Z	In [[South Africa]], the translator must be authorized by the [[High Court of South Africa\|High Court]], and must use an original (or a sworn copy of an original) in his physical presence as his source text; the translator may only swear by his own translation; there is no requirement for an additional witness (such as a [[notary]]) to attest to the [[authentication\|authenticity]] of the translation.	2007-12-24T23:13:37Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legal_informatics&diff=14451916&oldid=14451799	"The American Library Association defines [[informatics]] as 'the study of the structure and properties of information, as well as the application of technology to the organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information.' Legal informatics therefore, pertains to the application of informatics within the context of the legal environment and as such involves [[law]]-related organizations (e.g., law offices, [[courts]], and [[law schools]]) and users of [[information]] and [[information technologies]] within these organizations.”	2005-05-30T17:30:19Z	"The American Library Association defines [[informatics]] as 'the study of the structure and properties of information, as well as the application of technology to the organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information.' Legal informatics therefore, pertains to the application of informatics within the context of the legal environment and as such involves [[law]]-related organizations (e.g., law offices, [[courts]], and [[law schools]]) and users of [[information]] and [[information technology \| information technologies]] within these organizations.”	2005-05-30T17:35:06Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freight_claim&diff=537115940&oldid=537115598	Additional supporting documentation may also be included or required.<ref>http://www.transolutionsinc.com/ blog/file-freight-claim-beginners-guide/</ref>	2013-02-07T21:40:56Z	Additional supporting documentation may also be included or required.<ref>http://www.transolutionsinc.com/blog/file-freight-claim-beginners-guide/</ref>	2013-02-07T21:42:53Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protected_view&diff=14875222&oldid=14875000	::a distance of over 10 miles (16 km) and created in [[1710]], this view was created frames the cathedral through a special gap in [[holly]] hedging, down a specially maintained clear avenue in Sidmouth Wood and then all the way across London. When [[Liverpool Street Station]] was developed in the [[1990s]] the height of the buildings was reduced as it was decided a tall structure would have formed an unacceptable backdrop to the view of St Paul's.	2005-06-08T13:32:59Z	::a distance of over 10 miles (16 km) and created in [[1710]], this view frames the cathedral through a special gap in [[holly]] hedging, down a specially maintained clear avenue in Sidmouth Wood and then all the way across London. When [[Liverpool Street Station]] was developed in the [[1990s]] the height of the buildings was reduced as it was decided a tall structure would have formed an unacceptable backdrop to the view of St Paul's.	2005-06-08T13:33:52Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Statelessness&diff=776892297&oldid=776892223	* ''[[Jus soli]]'' ("right of the soil") denotes a regime by which nationality is acquired through birth on the territory of the state. This is common in [[Australia] and the [[Americas]].	2017-04-23T23:34:52Z	* ''[[Jus soli]]'' ("right of the soil") denotes a regime by which nationality is acquired through birth on the territory of the state. This is common in [[Australia]] and the [[Americas]].	2017-04-23T23:35:32Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indeterminacy_debate_in_legal_theory&diff=1286871&oldid=1286869	Lawrence Solum, ''[[http://home.sandiego.edu/~lsolum/Westlaw/ontheindeterminacycrisis.htm On the Indeterminacy Crisis: Critiquing Critical Dogma]]'', 54 The University of Chicago Law Review 462 (1987).	2003-08-14T00:54:15Z	Lawrence Solum, ''[http://home.sandiego.edu/~lsolum/Westlaw/ontheindeterminacycrisis.htm On the Indeterminacy Crisis: Critiquing Critical Dogma]'', 54 The University of Chicago Law Review 462 (1987).	2003-08-14T00:54:42Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Law_Students'_Library_of_the_Jagiellonian_University&diff=204677366&oldid=204677073	At present, TBSP unites about 1500 students and runs various educational and cultural activities. In the framework of 23 sections, additional classes are organised for younger students to help them to prepare for participation in faculty competitions and final examinations. More advanced students participate in discussions and specialist workshops organised in cooperation with partner institutions and law firms. The Association runs intensive publishing activities, just to mention regular Scientific Books of the TBSP UJ or repetitory courses for students. Traditionally, respective sections organise study trips to the [[Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Poland\|Constitutional Tribunal]], the [[Supreme Court of the Republic of Poland\|Supreme Court]] etc., to help students to get to know most important [[Politics of Poland\|Polish institutions]]. Each year various scientific congresses are organized, many of them of international dimension, while permanent evening meetings with the most prominent professors and law practitioners allow students to get some less formal contact with legal profession.	2008-04-10T12:27:17Z	At present, TBSP unites about 1500 students and runs various educational and cultural activities. In the framework of 23 sections, additional classes are organised for younger students to help them prepare for participation in faculty competitions and final examinations. More advanced students participate in discussions and specialist workshops organised in cooperation with partner institutions and law firms. The Association runs intensive publishing activities, just to mention regular Scientific Books of the TBSP UJ or repetitory courses for students. Traditionally, respective sections organise study trips to the [[Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Poland\|Constitutional Tribunal]], the [[Supreme Court of the Republic of Poland\|Supreme Court]] etc., to help students to get to know most important [[Politics of Poland\|Polish institutions]]. Each year various scientific congresses are organized, many of them of international dimension, while permanent evening meetings with the most prominent professors and law practitioners allow students to get some less formal contact with legal profession.	2008-04-10T12:29:42Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Casebook_method&diff=61744081&oldid=61743959	Towards this end, American [[law professor]]s traditionally collect the best cases concerning a particular area of the law in special textbooks called [[casebook]]s. Some professors heavily edit cases down to the most important paragraphs, while deleting nearly all citations and paraphrasing everything else; a few present all cases in full, and most others are in between. One common technique is to provide almost all of the entire text of a landmark case which created an important legal rule, followed by brief notes summarizing the holdings of other cases which further refined the rule. Today, the leading publishers of casebooks are [[Aspen Publishing]] (which took over the old [[Little, Brown and Company]] legal publishing division), [[Foundation Press]] (part of [[Westlaw]]), and [[LexisNexis]].	2006-07-02T21:29:42Z	Towards this end, American law [[professor]]s traditionally collect the best cases concerning a particular area of the law in special textbooks called [[casebook]]s. Some professors heavily edit cases down to the most important paragraphs, while deleting nearly all citations and paraphrasing everything else; a few present all cases in full, and most others are in between. One common technique is to provide almost all of the entire text of a landmark case which created an important legal rule, followed by brief notes summarizing the holdings of other cases which further refined the rule. Today, the leading publishers of casebooks are [[Aspen Publishing]] (which took over the old [[Little, Brown and Company]] legal publishing division), Foundation Press (part of [[Westlaw]]), and [[LexisNexis]].	2006-07-02T21:30:27Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Roman_Law_Moot_Court&diff=1008701255&oldid=1008688420	The International Roman Law Moot Court is a competition between the [[University of Oxford]], the [[University of Cambridge]], the [[University of Naples Federico II]], the [[University of Vienna]], the [[Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen]], the [[University of Liège]], the [[University of Trier]] and the [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens]]. The first five competitions from 2008 to 2012 were organized under the auspices of the Mohamed Ali Institute for the Study of Eastern Tradition (IMARET). This non-governmental organization dedicated to promoting the common heritage of the Mediterranean countries is based in Kavala in northern Greece and is now known as the MOHA Research Center. Since then, the University of Cambridge has taken over the organization and management.	2021-02-24T15:17:42Z	The International Roman Law [[Moot Court]] is a competition between the [[University of Oxford]], the [[University of Cambridge]], the [[University of Naples Federico II]], the [[University of Vienna]], the [[Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen]], the [[University of Liège]], the [[University of Trier]] and the [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens]]. The first five competitions from 2008 to 2012 were organized under the auspices of the Mohamed Ali Institute for the Study of Eastern Tradition (IMARET). This non-governmental organization dedicated to promoting the common heritage of the Mediterranean countries is based in Kavala in northern Greece and is now known as the MOHA Research Center. Since then, the University of Cambridge has taken over the organization and management.	2021-02-24T16:36:56Z
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judicial_intern&diff=95828326&oldid=95828232	In the United States, a judicial intern is a law student who provides assistence to a judge and [law clerks]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_clerk in researching and writing issues before the court. Many judicial law clerks often had one or two judicial internships while they were in law school. Typically, judges hire judicial interns in the summer when most law students are taking a break from school. However, it is not unusual for judges to hire judicial interns during other time of the year. Judges also frequently hire previous judicial interns as judicial law clerks once these judicial interns finished their law school education. Among the most prestigous judicial internships are those in the federal courts and in the highest court of a state.	2006-12-22T00:13:16Z	In the United States, a judicial intern is a law student who provides assistence to a judge and [law clerks http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_clerk] in researching and writing issues before the court. Many judicial law clerks often had one or two judicial internships while they were in law school. Typically, judges hire judicial interns in the summer when most law students are taking a break from school. However, it is not unusual for judges to hire judicial interns during other time of the year. Judges also frequently hire previous judicial interns as judicial law clerks once these judicial interns finished their law school education. Among the most prestigous judicial internships are those in the federal courts and in the highest court of a state.	2006-12-22T00:13:45Z