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en | wit-train-topic-000000000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxydactylus | Oxydactylus | Introduction | Oxydactylus | Oxydactylus is an extinct genus of camelid endemic to North America. It lived from the Late Oligocene to the Middle Miocene (28.4–13.7 mya), existing for approximately 14 million years. The name is from the Ancient Greek οξύς (oxys, "sharp")and δάκτυλος (daktylos, "finger").
They had very long legs and necks, and were probably adapted to eating high vegetation, much like modern giraffes. Unlike modern camelids, they had hooves, rather than tough sole-pads, and splayed toes. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine%27s_3rd_congressional_district | Maine's 3rd congressional district | List of members representing the district | Maine's 3rd congressional district / List of members representing the district | Maine's 3rd congressional district is an obsolete congressional district. It was created in 1821 after Maine achieved statehood in 1820 as part of the enactment of the Missouri Compromise. It was eliminated in 1963 after the 1960 U.S. Census. Its last congressman was Clifford McIntire. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheraw | Cheraw | 18th century | Cheraw / History / 18th century | The Cheraw people, also known as the Saraw or Saura, were a Siouan-speaking tribe of indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, in the Piedmont area of North Carolina near the Sauratown Mountains, east of Pilot Mountain and north of the Yadkin River. They lived in villages near the Catawba River. Their first European and African contact was with the Hernando De Soto Expedition in 1540. The early explorer John Lawson included them in the larger eastern-Siouan confederacy, which he called "the Esaw Nation."
After attacks in the late 17th century and early 18th century, they moved to the southeast around the Pee Dee River, where the Cheraw name became more widely used. They became extinct as a tribe, although some descendants survived as remnant peoples. | In 1710, due to attacks by the Seneca of the Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee) from the north (whose empire by then extended along the colonial frontier northward, with hunting grounds in the Ohio River valley and the St. Lawrence River valley), the Cheraw moved southeast and joined the Keyauwee tribe. The Saura Indian villages, one known as Lower Sauratown and the other, Upper Sauratown, were at that time abandoned. Lower Sauratown was situated below the present town of Eden, near the mouth of Town Creek in northeastern Rockingham County, North Carolina, while Upper Sauratown was located in Stokes County, N.C.
The Saura nation were recorded in The Journal of Barnwell as maintaining a village on the east bank of the upper branches of the Pee Dee River circa the Tuscarora War in 1712. Some Cheraw fought with South Carolina in the Tuscarora War.
In 1712, John Barnwell led a force of 400-500 troops against the Tuscarora in North Carolina. Almost all his forces were Indians, organized into four companies, based in part on tribal and cultural factors. The 1st and 2nd companies were made up of Indians with strong ties to South Carolina. The 3rd company was of "northern Indians" who lived farther from Charles Town and whose allegiance was not as strong. They included the Catawba, Waxaw, Wateree, and Congaree, among others.
The 4th company was of northern Indians who lived even farther away and whose allegiance was still weaker. Among this group were the Saraw, Saxapahaw, Peedee, Cape Fear, Hoopengs, and others. This 4th company was noted for high levels of desertion.
Historian Alan Gallay has speculated that the Saura and Saxapahaw people deserted Barnwell's army because their villages were likely to be attacked by the Tuscarora in vengeance for assisting South Carolina in the war. Gallay described the approximate location of the Saura homeland as "about 60 miles upriver from the Peedees", whose home is described as "on the Peedee River about 80 miles west of the coast". This puts the Saura in the general vicinity of the upper Dan and Yadkin rivers.
In 1715, Cheraw warriors joined other Southeastern tribes in the Yamasee War to fight against European enslavement of Indians, mistreatment, and encroachment on their territory. On July 18, 1715, a Cheraw delegation represented the Catawban tribes in Williamsburg, Virginia and negotiated peace. They were out of the war by October of 1715.
In 1728, William Byrd conducted an expedition to survey the North Carolina and Virginia boundary, and reported finding two Saura villages on the Dan River, known as Lower Saura Town and Upper Saura Town. The towns had been abandoned by the time of Byrd's visit. He noted in his writing that the Saura had been attacked and nearly destroyed by the Seneca 30 years before, who had been raiding peoples on the frontier from their base in present-day New York. The Saura were known to have moved south to the Pee Dee River area.
When the Council of Virginia offered tribes protection in 1732, the Cheraw asked to join the Saponis. In 1738, a smallpox epidemic decimated both the Cheraw and the Catawba. In 1755, the Cheraw were persuaded by South Carolina Governor James Glen to join the Waccamaw, Pedee, and Catawba, led by King Haigler. The remnants of the tribes combined. Some of the tribe may have moved north and founded the "Charraw Settlement" along Drowning Creek, (present-day Robeson County) North Carolina. The tribe was mostly destroyed before the middle of the 18th century and European encroachment on their old territory.
By 1754, racially mixed families lived along the Lumber River. Cheraw women with the surname Grooms married into this group, which later became known as the Lumbee people.
They were last noted as a distinct tribe among the Catawba in 1768. During the Revolutionary War, they and the Catawba removed their families to the same areas near Danville, Virginia, where they had lived earlier. Their warriors served the Patriot cause under General Thomas Sumter. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Front | Romanian Front | Stagnation | Romanian Front / History / Stagnation | The Romanian Front was a moderate fascist party created in Romania in 1935. Led by former Prime Minister Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, it originated as a right-wing splinter group from the mainstream National Peasants' Party. While in power, Vaida had an ambiguous approach to the Iron Guard, and constructed his own radical ideology; the FR had a generally xenophobic program of positive discrimination, being implicitly antisemitic. It was subsumed to the policies of King Carol II, maneuvering between the mainstream National Liberals, the PNȚ's left-wing, and the more radically fascist Guardists. Vaida tried to compete with the former two and appease the latter, assuming fascist trappings such as the black-shirted uniform. Like the Guard, he supported aligning Romania with the Axis powers, though he also hoped to obtain their guarantees for Greater Romania's borders. The FR's lower echelons included Viorel Tilea and other opponents of Vaida's approach, who believed in Romania's attachments to the League of Nations and the Little Entente. | A reshuffled Tătărescu government took over in mid-1936. The Front still held rallies, boasting that 20,000 affiliates heard Ioanițescu speaking at Galați in March. However, according to the regional journal Viața Ardealului, summer 1936 was a "period of stagnation" for the FR and "the nationalist current as a whole". The Front was still "sure of its destiny", but "organizing in depth" and keeping secret about it. Vaida and Angelescu now advanced the notion of a PNȚ–FR reconciliation, arguing that it could successfully bring down the PNL cabinet. One other option, advanced by Carol and journalist Pamfil Șeicaru, was for the FR to join efforts with the breakaway Radical Peasants' Party.
Meanwhile, revelations about German re-armament, pushed the FR closer to Nazism. During March 1936, Vaida declared that the League of Nations was powerless against the "victorious discipline" of the Italian Empire and the Hitlerian "unity of sentiment and willpower". In June, following the Rhineland crisis, L'Humanité reported that the "racist parties" (the Front, the Iron Guard and the PNC) staged a march outside the French embassy in Bucharest, with chants of "Long live Hitler!" With this, Vaida declared that Germany was marching toward realizing the Anschluss, pleading for France to discard its Popular Front and rejoin the "nationalist" camp. Speaking at Oradea in October, he saluted both Axis powers. According to Vaida, the Locarno Treaties were naturally obsolete, and Germany was right to ignore them; however, he cautioned that the borders of Greater Romania needed to be guaranteed by both Germany and France.
Vaida's stance was ridiculed by the PNȚ youth: in a September communique, it noted that Vaida, "that old fascist parrot", was silent on the issue of Italian support for Hungarian irredentism, though this would have entailed the loss of Transylvania to Hungary. From the PNȚ's left, Nicolae L. Lupu described the FR as stoking "racial [and] Germanophile violence"; in response, the FR played down such incidents as "the excesses of certain youths", while noting brawls started by the PNȚ's own Voinici. In November, as Benito Mussolini expressed full support for a Hungarian expansion, Vaida joined other Romanian politicians in voicing his indignation. He and his party sought to tone down the "hysteria", informing their partisans that Mussolini would never risk going to war over Hungarian demands in Transylvania. Vaidists pledged themselves to combat propaganda by the Hungarian Unity Party, arguing that it "falsifies the most obvious truths". The FR also noted that Mihalache's anti-revisionism was a diversion used by communist and Jewish infiltrators.
On September 4, the FR and PNC had agreed on another collaboration, and presented a single list for the local elections of that year. Brătianu's Georgist Liberal Party also collaborated with the two parties in places such as Brașov; though invited to join this "purely Romanian list", the PNȚ declined. In Ilfov County, the two-party list was headed by Ioanițescu, with the PNC man Stan Ghițescu taking the second eligible seat. The Front's registered logo, "two concentric circles and a dot", doubled as the alliance symbol. Called "target" or "wheel" in party documents, this drawing symbolized Greater Romania as an outside circle, and, within, "the belt strap tightening around The Black Dot, namely the xenophile". According to Gazeta Transilvaniei, the symbolism was poorly understood by illiterate sympathizers, who mistakenly voted with the PNȚ's circle (which had been intensely popularized by Ioanițescu before his defection). |
en | wit-train-topic-000000004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81d%C3%A1m_K%C3%B3sa | Ádám Kósa | Introduction | Ádám Kósa | Ádám Kósa (born 1 July 1975) is a Hungarian politician and Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Hungary. He is a member of Fidesz, part of the European People's Party.
He is the first deaf European politician user of Deaf Sign Language at the European Parliament. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_francolin | Grey francolin | Behaviour and ecology | Grey francolin / Behaviour and ecology | The grey francolin is a species of francolin found in the plains and drier parts of the Indian subcontinent. This species was formerly also called the grey partridge, not to be confused with the European grey partridge. They are found in open cultivated lands as well as scrub forest and their local name of teetar is based on their calls, a loud and repeated Ka-tee-tar...tee-tar which is produced by one or more birds. The term teetar can also refer to other partridges and quails. During the breeding season calling males attract challengers, and decoys were used to trap these birds especially for fighting. | The loud calls of the birds are commonly heard early in the mornings. Pairs of birds will sometimes engage in a duet. The female call is a tee...tee...tee repeated and sometimes a kila..kila..kila and the challenge call kateela..kateela..kateela is a duet. They are usually seen in small groups.
The main breeding season is April to September and the nest is a hidden scrape on the ground. The nest may sometimes be made above ground level in a niche in a wall or rock. The clutch is six to eight eggs, but larger clutches, potentially reflecting intraspecific brood parasitism, have been noted.
Food includes seeds, grains as well as insects, particularly termites and beetles (especially Tenebrionidae and Carabidae). They may occasionally take larger prey such as snakes.
They roost in groups in low thorny trees.
Several species of feather mites, helminth and blood parasites have been described from the species. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_Heritage_blue_plaques_in_London | List of English Heritage blue plaques in London | Tower Hamlets | List of English Heritage blue plaques in London / By borough / Tower Hamlets | This is a list of the approximately 940 blue plaques placed by English Heritage and its predecessors in the boroughs of London, the City of Westminster, and the City of London.
The scheme was originally administered by the Royal Society of Arts from 1876 to 1901, and was taken over by the London County Council until 1965. The Greater London Council took over the scheme in 1965 from its predecessor, the LCC. Since the abolition of the GLC in 1986, the blue plaque scheme has been administered by English Heritage. | There are 21 blue plaques in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiccan_(comics) | Wiccan (comics) | Publication history | Wiccan (comics) / Publication history | Wiccan is a comic book character and member of the Young Avengers, a team of teenage superheroes in Marvel Comics. Created by writer Allan Heinberg and artist Jim Cheung, the character first appeared in Young Avengers #1. The character's appearance is patterned on that of two prominent Marvel superheroes, Thor and Scarlet Witch, both of whom are members of the Avengers. Like the Scarlet Witch, Wiccan possesses powerful magical abilities which make him a key member of his superhero team.
Recruited to the Young Avengers by Iron Lad, Wiccan's story includes the discovery that he and fellow teen hero Speed are in fact long-lost twin brothers, and that the pair are the sons of Scarlet Witch and her husband Vision. Significant storylines for the character include him and his brother's search for their missing mother, learning to master his powers, and an ongoing relationship with his teammate Hulkling.
Alongside his permanent role as a member of the Young Avengers, Wiccan has also been a member of Avengers Idea Mechanics and Strikeforce. | Wiccan first appeared in Young Avengers #1 (April 2005). The issue was scripted by Allan Heinberg and drawn by Jim Cheung. One of the original four members of the Young Avengers, the team was founded after the Avengers disbanded in the story line Avengers Disassembled.
Initially, Heinberg assumed that Marvel would not allow him to write two leading homosexual characters. Because of this, he originally planned to write Billy's love interest, Hulkling, as a female shapeshifter named Chimera. Chimera would discover that her true form was male, which would force Billy to decide if he was still in love with him. However, due to the complexity of this proposed story line, editor Tom Brevoort suggested simply making both characters gay.
Wiccan appeared in the new 2013 Young Avengers series by Kieron Gillen and Jamie McKelvie.
As part of the All-New All-Different Marvel rebranding, Wiccan (along with Hulkling) appears as a member of the New Avengers led by Sunspot along with Songbird, Squirrel Girl, Hawkeye, Power Man and White Tiger. He later guest-starred in the Scarlet Witch series written by James Robinson.
In 2019, he will star in Strikeforce alongside Blade, Angela, Spider-Woman, Monica Rambeau, Daimon Hellstrom and Winter Soldier. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballymalis_Castle | Ballymalis Castle | Introduction | Ballymalis Castle | Ballymalis Castle is a tower house and National Monument located in County Kerry, Ireland. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics | Weightlifting at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics | Notes | Weightlifting at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics / Medal summary / Girl's events / Notes | Weightlifting at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics was held from 7 to 13 October. The events took place at Parque Polideportivo Roca in Buenos Aires, Argentina. | Supatchanin Khamhaeng of Thailand originally won the gold medal, but was disqualified in 2019 after testing positive for a banned substance. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Route_41_in_Michigan | U.S. Route 41 in Michigan | Business loops | U.S. Route 41 in Michigan / Business loops | US Highway 41 is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Miami, Florida, to the Upper Peninsula of the US state of Michigan. In Michigan, it is a state trunkline highway that enters the state via the Interstate Bridge between Marinette, Wisconsin, and Menominee, Michigan. The 278.769 miles of US 41 that lie within Michigan serve as a major conduit. Most of the highway is listed on the National Highway System. Various sections are rural two-lane highway, urbanized four-lane divided expressway and the Copper Country Trail National Scenic Byway. The northernmost community along the highway is Copper Harbor at the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula. The trunkline ends at a cul-de-sac east of Fort Wilkins State Park after serving the Central Upper Peninsula and Copper Country regions of Michigan.
US 41 passes through farm fields and forest lands, and along the Lake Superior shoreline. The highway is included in the Lake Superior Circle Tour and the Lake Michigan Circle Tour and passes through the Hiawatha National Forest and the Keweenaw National Historical Park. | There have been three business loops for US 41: Ishpeming–Negaunee, Marquette and Baraga. Only the business loop serving Ishpeming and Negaunee is still a state-maintained trunkline, but it is no longer designated Bus. US 41. US 41/M-28 was relocated to bypass the two cities' downtowns in 1937. The highway through downtown Ishpeming and Negaunee later carried the ALT US 41/ALT M-28 designation before being designated Bus. M-28 in 1958. The western end of the business loop was transferred to local government control when Bus. M-28 was moved along Lakeshore Drive in 1999.
Bus. US 41 in Marquette was first shown on a map in 1964 after the construction of the Marquette Bypass. It was later designated Bus. US 41/Bus. M-28 on a map in 1975; this second designation was removed from maps by 1982. The entire business loop was turned back to local control in a "route swap" between the City of Marquette and MDOT announced in early 2005. The proposal transferred jurisdiction on the unsigned M-554 and the business route from the state to the city. The state would take jurisdiction over a segment of McClellan Avenue to be used to extend M-553 to US 41/M-28. In addition, MDOT would pay $2.5 million (equivalent to $3.2 million in 2018) for reconstruction work planned for 2007. The transfer would increase Marquette's operational and maintenance liability expenses by $26,000 (equivalent to $32,832 in 2018) and place the financial burden of the future replacement of a stop light on the city. On October 10, 2005, MDOT and Marquette transferred jurisdiction over the three roadways. As a result, Bus. US 41 was decommissioned when the local government took control over Washington and Front streets. As a result of the decommissioning, the 2006 maps did not show the former business loop.
The third business loop was in Baraga in the early 1940s. As shown on the maps of the time, US 41 was relocated in Baraga between the publication of the December 1, 1939, and the April 15, 1940, MSHD maps. A business loop followed the old routing through downtown. The last map that shows the loop was published on July 1, 1941. Bus. US 41 is shown under local control on the June 15, 1942, map. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Weber_(footballer) | Thomas Weber (footballer) | Introduction | Thomas Weber (footballer) | Thomas Weber (born 29 May 1993) is an Austrian footballer who plays for Admira Wacker. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolkovo_Innovation_Center | Skolkovo Innovation Center | History and scheme of the work | Skolkovo Innovation Center / History and scheme of the work | The Skolkovo Innovation Center is a high technology business area at Mozhaysky District in Moscow, Russia. Although historically Russia has been successful with development of science and technology, its lack of entrepreneur spirit led to government intervention of patents and nonproliferation of Russian tech companies beyond the scope of regional service. As corporations and individuals become "residents" of the city, with proposed projects and ideas receiving financial assistance.
Skolkovo was first announced on 12 November 2009 by then Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. The complex is headed by Viktor Vekselberg and co-chaired by former Intel CEO Craig Barrett. | In March 2010, Vekselberg announced the necessity of developing a special legal order in Skolkovo and emphasized the need to offer a tax holiday lasting 5–7 years.
In April 2010, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev charged the government with working out specific legal, administrative, tax and customs regulations on Skolkovo.
In May 2010, Dmitry Medvedev introduced two bills regulating working conditions in Skolkovo. The bills were adopted by the State Duma in September of that year and, on 28 September 2010, the President of the Russian Federation signed the bills into federal law.
In August 2010, Dmitry Medvedev introduced a bill easing migratory policies in regards to Skolkovo. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Northumberland | List of museums in Northumberland | Museums | List of museums in Northumberland / Museums | This list of museums in Northumberland, England contains museums which are defined for this context as institutions that collect and care for objects of cultural, artistic, scientific, or historical interest and make their collections or related exhibits available for public viewing. Also included are non-profit art galleries and university art galleries. Museums that exist only in cyberspace are not included. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Soares | Josh Soares | Introduction | Josh Soares | Josh Soares (born February 6, 1982) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward for the Hamilton Steelhawks of Allan Cup Hockey. Before returning to Canada to play senior ice hockey, Soares had a long career in Europe, including a four-season tenure in Norway for the Stavanger Oilers, with whom he won the GET-ligaen playoffs three times, being the top scorer and elected to the all-star team in the 2015–16 season. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_Swept_Lands_and_Seas_of_Red | Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red | Form | Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red / Form | Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red was a public art installation created in the moat of the Tower of London, England, between July and November 2014. It commemorated the centenary of the outbreak of World War I and consisted of 888,246 ceramic red poppies, each intended to represent one British or Colonial serviceman killed in the War. The ceramic artist was Paul Cummins, with conceptual design by the stage designer Tom Piper. The work's title was taken from the first line of a poem by an unknown soldier in World War I. | The work consisted of a sea of ceramic red poppies, in a design which appeared to flow out of the Tower itself and ripple across the moat. There were a series of designed elements which added drama, height and movement to the installation: the "Weeping Window" flowing out of a window in Legge's Mount in the West Moat, (which became the iconic image), "Over the Top", a cascade of poppies down the wall on the wharf side of the moat and the "Wave", a free-standing twisted metal sculpture covered in poppies which curled over the main causeway into the Tower.
The ceramic poppies were individually hand-made at Cummins' ceramics works in Derbyshire and at Johnson Tiles in Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent. The poppies were added to the installation progressively by volunteers. The 497,000 kg of the Etruria Marl-based Etruscan red earthenware used, as well as the majority of the manufacturing equipment and materials, were supplied by Potclays Limited in Stoke-on-Trent. There were eventually 888,246 of the flowers, representing one count of the number of British and Colonial military fatalities in World War I.
The first poppy was "planted" on 17 July 2014, and the work was unveiled on 5 August (the day following the centenary of Britain's entry into the war). A team of about 17,500 volunteers put the poppies in place, overseen by Tom Piper and Yeoman Warder Jim Duncan, making this a true public artwork. The last one was planted on 11 November 2014 (Remembrance Day), by a 13-year-old cadet, Harry Hayes, from the Combined Cadet Force (CCF) of Reading Blue Coat School. After that day a team of about 8,000 volunteers began removing the flowers. Members of the public had been able to pre-order the ceramic poppies for £25 each, with a share of the proceeds (estimated at more than £15 million) going to six service charities: COBSEO, Combat Stress, Coming Home, Help for Heroes, the Royal British Legion and SSAFA.
At around sunset each day between 1 September and 10 November, the names of 180 World War I service personnel, nominated by members of the public to appear on a Roll of Honour, were read aloud by a Yeoman Warder or guest reader, followed by the Last Post bugle call. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_arrondissement_of_Paris | 10th arrondissement of Paris | Map | 10th arrondissement of Paris / Map | The 10th arrondissement of Paris is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as dixième.
The arrondissement, called Entrepôt, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. The arrondissement contains two of Paris's six main railway stations: the Gare du Nord and the Gare de l'Est. Built during the 19th century, these two termini are among the busiest in Europe.
The 10th arrondissement also contains a large portion of the Canal Saint-Martin, linking the northeastern parts of Paris with the River Seine. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoma_amydra | Anatoma amydra | Introduction | Anatoma amydra | Anatoma amydra is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Anatomidae. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrio_de_San_L%C3%A1zaro,_Havana | Barrio de San Lázaro, Havana | Antonio Maceo | Barrio de San Lázaro, Havana / Antonio Maceo | Barrio de San Lázaro is a former neighbourhood in Havana, Cuba. It occupied the area bounded by Calle Infanta to the west, Calle Zanja to the south, Calle Belascoáin to the east and the Gulf of Mexico to the north, forming the western edge of Centro Habana. According to the 1855 Ordenanzas Municipales of the city of Havana, Barrio San Lázaro was in the Tercer Distrito and was Barrio No. 8. | The 1916 statue of General Antonio Maceo by the Italian sculptor Doménico Boni and subsequent park, La Casa de Beneficencia, the hotel Manhattan on Calle Belascoáin, by the U.S. Engineering firm of Purdy and Henderson, and the Hotel Vista Alegre also at the beginning of Calle Belascoáin, anchored a geographically important corner close to the sea of the large expanse of land known as El Barrio San Lazaro and within it and immediately to the north was the Caleta de San Lazaro. Cayo Hueso was also a part of El Barrio de San Lazaro. Cayo Hueso ("bone cay"), its name derives from its location near the Espada Cemetery. it was demolished in 1908. Among the oldest institutions in the area were the leprosy hospital (demolished in 1916), the Casa de Beneficencia orphanage (currently the Hermanos Ameijeiras hospital). Buildings in the Barrio San Lazaro that were important to the early development of the city were the Hospital de San Dionisio for the mentally insane, the Cementerio General known as the Campo Santo and more commonly referred to as the Espada Cemetery was the precursor to the Colon Cemetery, and a room for the treatment of the mentally ill located on the side of the Real Casa de Beneficencia on Calle Belascoáin. The monument to Antonio Maceo was located near a place previously occupied by the Batería de la Reina, (1861), located in front of the La Casa de Beneficencia y Maternidad, at the intersection of Belascoaín and San Lázaro. In 1916 the monument was placed but the park was not built, many voices were raised in a protest demanding that a greater tribute be paid to the figure of Antonio Maceo. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890_Quebec_general_election | 1890 Quebec general election | Introduction | 1890 Quebec general election | The 1890 Quebec general election was held on June 17, 1890 to elect members of the 7th Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party Parti national coalition led by Honoré Mercier, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Conservative Party, led by Louis-Olivier Taillon.
A scandal and charges of corruption cut short Mercier's term of office. He was later cleared of all charges, but his political career was ended. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuta_Tonosaki | Shuta Tonosaki | Introduction | Shuta Tonosaki | Shuta Tonosaki (外崎 修汰, Tonosaki Shūta, born December 20, 1992 in Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan), nicknamed "Apple Punch", is a Japanese professional baseball infielder for the Saitama Seibu Lions in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.
He was selected 2018 NPB All-Star game. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Menzies | Gavin Menzies | Writing and research | Gavin Menzies / 1421: The Year China Discovered The World / Writing and research | Rowan Gavin Paton Menzies was a British author and retired submarine lieutenant-commander who has written books promoting claims that the Chinese sailed to America before Columbus. Historians have rejected Menzies' theories and assertions and have categorised his work as pseudohistory.
He was best known for his controversial book 1421: The Year China Discovered the World, in which he asserts that the fleets of Chinese Admiral Zheng He visited the Americas prior to European explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492, and that the same fleet circumnavigated the globe a century before the expedition of Ferdinand Magellan. Menzies' second book, 1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance extended his discovery hypothesis to the European continent. In his third book, The Lost Empire of Atlantis, Menzies claims that Atlantis did exist, in the form of the Minoan Civilization, and that it maintained a global seaborne empire extending to the shores of America and India, millennia before actual contact in the Age of Discovery. | Gavin Menzies had the idea to write his first book after he and his wife Marcella visited the Forbidden City for their twenty-fifth wedding anniversary. Menzies noticed that they kept encountering the year 1421 and, concluding that it must have been an extraordinary year in world history, decided to write a book about everything that happened in the world in 1421. Menzies spent years working on the book and, by the time it was finished, it was a massive volume spanning 1,500 pages. Menzies sent the manuscript to an agent named Luigi Bonomi, who told him it was unpublishable, but was intrigued by a brief section of the book in which Menzies speculated about the voyages of Chinese admiral Zheng He and recommended that he rewrite the book, focusing it on Zheng He's voyages. Menzies agreed to rewrite it, but admitted that he was "not a natural writer" and requested Bonomi to rewrite the first three chapters for him.
Bonomi contacted the firm Midas Public Relations to convince a major newspaper to run a promotional article for Menzies's book. Menzies hired a room at the Royal Geographical Society, which convinced The Daily Telegraph to publish an article about his speculations. Publishers immediately began courting Menzies for the publishing rights to his book. Bantam Press, a division of Transworld Publishers, offered him £500,000 for the world publishing rights to it. At this point, Menzies's rewritten manuscript was only 190 pages. Bantam Press stated that the book possessed enormous marketing potential, but considered it to be poorly written and sloppily presented. According to Menzies, they told him, "You know, if you want to get your story over, you've got to make it readable, and you can't write, basically." During the revision process that followed, over 130 different people worked on the manuscript, with a large part being written by a ghostwriter named Neil Hanson. The authors relied entirely on Menzies for factual information and never brought in any fact checkers or reputable historians to make sure that the information in the book was accurate. After the rewriting process was complete, the book was at a publishable length of 500 pages. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sources_for_Citizen_Kane | Sources for Citizen Kane | Susan Alexander Kane | Sources for Citizen Kane / Susan Alexander Kane | The sources for Citizen Kane, the 1941 American motion picture that marked the feature film debut of Orson Welles, have been the subject of speculation and controversy since the project's inception. With a story spanning 60 years, the quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane, played by Welles, a fictional character based in part upon the American newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst and Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick. A rich incorporation of the experiences and knowledge of its authors, the film earned an Academy Award for Best Writing for Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles. | It was a real man who built an opera house for the soprano of his choice, and much in the movie was borrowed from that story, but the man was not Hearst. Susan, Kane's second wife, is not even based on the real-life soprano. Like most fictional characters, Susan's resemblance to other fictional characters is quite startling. To Marion Davies she bears no resemblance at all.
— Orson Welles
The assumption that the character of Susan Alexander Kane was based on Marion Davies was a major reason Hearst tried to destroy Citizen Kane. Davies's nephew Charles Lederer insisted that Hearst and Davies never saw Citizen Kane, but condemned it based on the outrage expressed by trusted friends. Lederer believed that any implication that Davies was a failure and an alcoholic distressed Hearst more than any unfavorable references to himself.
In his foreword to Davies's posthumously published autobiography, Welles drew a sharp distinction between his fictional creation and Davies: "That Susan was Kane's wife and Marion was Hearst's mistress is a difference more important than might be guessed in today's changed climate of opinion. The wife was a puppet and a prisoner; the mistress was never less than a princess. … The mistress was never one of Hearst's possessions: he was always her suitor, and she was the precious treasure of his heart for more than 30 years, until his last breath of life. Theirs is truly a love story. Love is not the subject of Citizen Kane."
Welles called Davies "an extraordinary woman—nothing like the character Dorothy Comingore played in the movie."
He cited Insull's building of the Chicago Opera House, and McCormick's lavish promotion of the opera career of his second wife, Ganna Walska, as direct influences on the screenplay. Contemporaries said Walska had a terrible voice; The New York Times headlines of the day read, "Ganna Walska Fails as Butterfly: Voice Deserts Her Again When She Essays Role of Puccini's Heroine" and "Mme. Walska Clings to Ambition to Sing".
"According to her 1943 memoirs, Always Room at the Top, Walska had tried every sort of fashionable mumbo jumbo to conquer her nerves and salvage her voice," reported The New York Times in 1996. "Nothing worked. During a performance of Giordano's Fedora in Havana she veered so persistently off key that the audience pelted her with rotten vegetables. It was an event that Orson Welles remembered when he began concocting the character of the newspaper publisher's second wife for Citizen Kane."
Lederer said that the script he read "didn't have any flavor of Marion and Hearst." Lederer noted that Davies drank and did jigsaw puzzles, but this behavior was exaggerated in the film to help define the characterization of Susan Alexander.
Others thought to have inspired the character are film tycoon Jules Brulatour's second and third wives, Dorothy Gibson and Hope Hampton, both fleeting stars of the silent screen who later had marginal careers in opera. The interview with Susan Alexander Kane in the Atlantic City nightclub was based on a contemporary interview with Evelyn Nesbit Thaw in the run-down club where she was performing.
Susan Alexander's last name was taken from Mankiewicz's secretary, Rita Alexander. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rota_Club | Rota Club | Social composition | Rota Club / Social composition | The Rota Club was a debate society of learned gentlemen who debated republican ideology in London between November 1659 and February 1660. The Club was founded and dominated by James Harrington. It began during the English Interregnum and lasted until the early months of the Restoration. | The Rota Club as an institution seems to have had a wide variety of social classes in attendance. It was open to all, ranging from bohemians, aristocrats, officers, soldiers, merchants and other parts of society. The only stipulation for attendance was a fee to be paid, which did limit attendance to those who could afford it but also allowed for a wide range of persons who would not usually have access to such venues. This freedom of attendance allowed for the Rota Club no truly fixed membership as there was a free flow of individuals, those who sat in one meeting would not necessarily be there at the next one. For instance Samuel Pepys, a known member of the Rota Club through his diary, records a fairly sparse attendance. In some periods he records attending the debates once every third or fourth night, followed by long periods of time with no mention of the society at all.
This freedom of attendance and membership did however allow a very large groups of men to meet, filling the Rota Club's room at Miles' Coffeehouse on any given night. The size of the group allowed that many of these men were spectators to the debate which would have had relatively few direct participants. For these spectators the Rota Club was a novelty, and a popular one at that. This high attendance operated as a stage for Harrington's republican ideas to play and gain ground.
However, there was a core group who carried out most of the debate between themselves. Among these more notable and regularly attending members of the Rota Club were John Aubrey, Samuel Pepys, Henry Neville, Major Wildman, Francis Cradoc, Edward Bagshaw, William Croon, Philip Carteret, Maximilian Petty, Sir John Hoskyns, and Roger Coke. These were men from a wide array of backgrounds, much like the general attendance themselves. They were antiquarians, authors, members of parliament, Justices of the Peace, military officers, theologians, future New World governors, and aristocrats. In general they were Harrington's republican disciples and the virtuosi, well educated and attracted to the free flow of ideas and intellectual debate. They, like the mass of spectators, would not have attended every night, with the exception of Harrington himself, but they did play significant parts.
Those of differing views on any topic were encouraged to attend, and Harrington himself sought out men of every kind of viewpoint. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numantia | Numantia | Development threat to the historic landscape | Numantia / Excavation and conservation of Numantia / Development threat to the historic landscape | Numantia was an ancient Celtiberian settlement, whose remains are located 7 km north of the city of Soria, on a hill known as Cerro de la Muela in the municipality of Garray.
Numantia is famous for its role in the Celtiberian Wars.
In the year 153 BC Numantia experienced its first serious conflict with Rome.
After 20 years of hostilities, in the year 133 BC the Roman Senate gave Scipio Aemilianus Africanus
the task of destroying Numantia. He laid siege to the city, erecting a nine kilometre fence supported by towers, moats, impaling rods and so on. After 13 months of siege, the Numantians decided to burn the city before surrendering. | The province of Soria is sparsely populated, and Numantia is mainly surrounded by land used for low intensity agriculture. However, the regional government of Castilla y Leon and the city of Soria have planned various construction projects which if completed would affect the landscape surrounding the site of Numantia.
The proposed developments in the vicinity of Numantia have met widespread opposition from a number of quarters, including the Instituto de España, the Real Academia de la Historia, the Catalan Institute of Classical Archaeology, the Spanish Section of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and a number of Ancient History Departments in Spain. In 2008 a petition organised to have Numantia declared a World Heritage Site, in the hope that this would deter the local authorities from developing the area. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maersk_Air | Maersk Air | Decline | Maersk Air / History / Decline | Maersk Air A/S was a Danish airline which operated between 1969 and 2005. Owned by the A. P. Møller–Mærsk Group, it operated a mix of scheduled and chartered passenger and cargo services. Headquartered at Dragør, its main operating bases were Copenhagen Airport, Billund Airport and Esbjerg Airport. The airline had offshore helicopter operations from 1975 to 1999 and had three airline subsidiaries: Maersk Air UK, Maersk Commuter, and Star Air.
The airline was founded on the foundations on the purchase of Falck Air on 21 February 1969. Fokker F27s were bought and domestic services from Copenhagen to Odense and Stauning. From 1971 to 1995 Maersk participated in Danair, which held a monopoly on all domestic services. Maersk Air was heavily involved in the inclusive tours market during the 1970s, operating the Boeing 720B and 737-200. From 1981 Maersk started international flights, first out of Billund and from the 1990s out of Copenhagen.
Maersk Air gradually invested in new aircraft, including the Fokker 50, Boeing 737 Classic, and later the 737-700. During the 1990s the number of international services increased, often codesharing with foreign airlines. | Maersk was struck by a series of labor disputes in 1998 and 1999. At the turn of the century Maersk Air fell into financial distress. The airline was struck hard by the 2001 airline recession, making a loss that year of DKK 341 million. Ridership increased in 2002, largely through the increased sale of discounted tickets. Maersk Air therefore turned to divest its non-core activities. Estonian Air was sold to SAS in 2003. The British subsidiary lost an accumulative DKK 325 million from 2000 through 2002. The company was therefore sold in a management buyout in 2003, with the airline becoming Duo Airways.
The Maersk Group was forced to issue more than DKK 700 million in the airline from 2002 to 2005. In late 2003 the Maersk Aircraft A/S was established to own the fleet, spurring speculation in the media that Maersk was planning of liquidating the company. The year gave a net loss of DKK 841 million.
In the years following the cartel case, almost the entire executive management of the airline was replaced. A large portion of the new management was without experience from the aviation industry. On 1 November 2003 Ipsen was replaced as CEO by Finn Øelund, who came from the same position in Air Greenland. He devised a new strategy, in which the airline would better utilize tis fleet by placing flights closer to each other and flying throughout the day. He also proposed competing head-on with SAS, as he believed that Maersk Air with the new strategy could operate with lower costs than the consortium. Aircraft received a new white and dark blue livery, replacing the old light-blue Maersk colors. The airline adopted the slogan "fly as you like" and focused its route production on typical holiday destinations and cheap fares.
Since 2002 Maersk had seen competition in the scheduled market from Sterling, which had reorganized itself as a low-cost carrier targeting the Mediterranean leisure market. In 2005 Fred. Olsen & Co. sold the airline to FL Group. The Maersk Group announced on 30 June 2005 that it would sell Maersk Air to Sterling. Star Air and the corporate jet were kept out of the deal. Ownership of the 737 was also not included, and instead, there were leased to Sterling. The sales price of Maersk Air was never made public. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drielaker_See | Drielaker See | Introduction | Drielaker See | The Drielaker See is a coastal lake in Osternburg subdistrict of Drielake in the municipal area of Oldenburg, Niedersachsen. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stinye_Park | İstinye Park | Introduction | İstinye Park | İstinye Park is a shopping center in the İstinye quarter of Istanbul, Turkey with 291 stores, 85,250 m² (917,600 sq ft) of retail area, and four levels of underground parking. The center features both enclosed and open-air sections. The open-air section has a green central park and offers street-side shopping.
The center includes an authentic Turkish food bazaar- a traditional market place, inspired by Turkish architecture and history. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Tour_de_France,_Stage_1_to_Stage_11 | 2017 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11 | Stage 4 | 2017 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 11 / Stage 4 | The 2017 Tour de France is the 104th edition of the cycle race, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The race started in Düsseldorf, Germany on 1 July, with stage 11 occurring on 12 July with a stage finish in Pau. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 23 July. | 4 July 2017 — Mondorf-les-Bains to Vittel, 207.5 km (129 mi)
This flat stage departed east from Mondorf-les-Bains in Luxembourg and crossed the border, heading south, from Schengen to Contz-les-Bains. The riders then headed south-west to Thionville, turned south for Maizières-lès-Metz and then west for Saint-Privat-la-Montagne. The race continued south through Ars-sur-Moselle, Pont-à-Mousson, Dieulouard and Toul. An intermediate sprint took place at Goviller, before the category 4 climb of the Col des Trois Fontaines. The race continued through Gironcourt-sur-Vraine to the finish line in Vittel.
Peter Sagan (Bora–Hansgrohe), who finished second to FDJ's Arnaud Démare, was initially demoted to 115th after contact with Mark Cavendish (Team Dimension Data) during the sprint, which resulted in Cavendish, Ben Swift (UAE Team Emirates) and John Degenkolb (Trek–Segafredo) hitting the ground. Sagan was also penalised 30 seconds in the general classification – dropping him out of the top-ten overall – and 80 points in the points classification: a 50-point penalty plus the 30 he had initially gained for second place on the stage. Later at a press conference, Sagan was disqualified from the race. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcazar_(group) | Alcazar (group) | Break and line-up changes | Alcazar (group) / Break and line-up changes | Alcazar is a Swedish nu-disco group. Alcazar is one of Sweden's most successful music groups both nationally and internationally with a string of hits since their debut single in 1999. Worldwide, Alcazar sold over 12 million records between 2001 and 2004. Alcazar also had success globally with their song "Crying at the Discoteque", having charted in USA, Brazil, Australia, Japan and most countries in Europe.
Alcazar disbanded in August 2011 after a concert at Stockholm Pride. They reunited again in 2013 ahead of Melodifestivalen 2014. | The band announced that they needed a break during March 2005. Lundstedt stated that the band would be back in the summer of 2007. In the meantime the male members launched solo careers. Lundstedt had appeared in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006, as a member of six4one, a multinational band founded for the sole purpose of representing Switzerland at the contest, whilst Carlsson has twice taken part individually in the Swedish Melodifestivalen.
Lina Hedlund was announced as the replacement for Annikafiore. The band now includes Tess Merkel and Hedlund as female vocalists, and Lundstedt as male vocalist. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Mexico | President of Mexico | Living former presidents | President of Mexico / Living former presidents | The president of Mexico, officially known as the president of the United Mexican States, is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Constitution of Mexico, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican Armed Forces. The current president is Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who took office on 1 December 2018.
The office of the president is considered to be revolutionary, in the sense that the powers of office are derived from the Revolutionary Constitution of 1917. Another legacy of the Mexican Revolution is the Constitution's ban on re-election. Mexican presidents are limited to a single six-year term, called a sexenio. No one who has held the post, even on a caretaker basis, is allowed to run or serve again. The constitution and the office of the President closely follow the presidential system of government. | There are six living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was Miguel de la Madrid (1982–1988), on 1 April 2012.
Former presidents of Mexico continue to carry the title "President" until death but are rarely referred by it; they are commonly called ex-Presidents. They were also given protection by the former Estado Mayor Presidencial. Prior to 2018, former presidents also received a lifetime pension, though they could refuse it, as Ernesto Zedillo did. However, the pensions were abolished and terminated in 2018.
Contrary to what happens in many other countries, former presidents of Mexico do not continue to be important national figures once out of office, and usually lead a discreet life. This is partly because they do not want to interfere with the government of the new president and partly because they may not have a good public image. This tradition can be traced back to the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas. Former president Plutarco Elías Calles had personally selected Cárdenas as his successor, and had hoped to control things from behind the scenes as he had for the previous five years. However, when Cárdenas showed he was going to rule in fact as well as in name, Calles publicly criticized him, prompting Cárdenas to have Calles escorted out of the country by military police. Cárdenas himself remained silent on the policies of his successor Manuel Ávila Camacho, establishing a tradition that former presidents do not interfere with their successors.
For example, Ernesto Zedillo holds important offices in the United Nations and in the private sector, but outside of Mexico. It is speculated he lives in a self-imposed exile to avoid the hatred of some of his fellow members of the PRI for having acknowledged the PRI's defeat in the 2000 presidential election. Carlos Salinas de Gortari also lived in a self-imposed exile in Ireland, but returned to Mexico. He campaigned intensely to have his brother, Raúl Salinas, freed after he was jailed in the early days of Zedillo's term, accused of drug trafficking and planning the assassination of José Francisco Ruiz Massieu. Carlos Salinas also wrote a book on neo-liberal Mexico, secured a position with the Dow Jones Company in the United States, and worked as a professor at several prestigious universities in that country. Ernesto Zedillo and Felipe Calderón two surviving former presidents living in the United States and teaching at the universities where studied Zedillo at Yale University and Calderón at Harvard University.
Along with Carlos Salinas de Gortari, three other surviving former presidents (Luis Echeverría, Vicente Fox, and Enrique Peña Nieto) still live in Mexico. On 30 June 2006, Echeverría was placed under house arrest under charges of genocide for his role as Secretary of the Interior during the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre. The house arrest was lifted in 2009. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locofocos | Locofocos | Introduction | Locofocos | The Locofocos (also Loco Focos or Loco-focos) were a faction of the United States Democratic Party that existed from 1835 until the mid-1840s. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invorio | Invorio | Introduction | Invorio | Invorio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Novara.
Invorio borders the following municipalities: Ameno, Arona, Bolzano Novarese, Borgomanero, Briga Novarese, Colazza, Gattico-Veruno, Gozzano, Meina, and Paruzzaro. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bournmoor | Bournmoor | Introduction | Bournmoor | Bournmoor (/ˈbɜːrnmʊər/ or /ˈbɔːrnmʊər/) is a village in County Durham, England, and is situated a short distance from Chester-le-Street.
It contains St Barnabas' Church, which houses the Frostley Angel. Originally part of the Lambton Castle estate, the village developed from 1783 onwards with the sinking of the first of seven local coal mines that were to make up Lambton Colliery.
For much of the 20th Century, "Bournmoor" was known as "Burnmoor", taking its name from the Moorsburn (an alternative name for Hutton Burn which runs through the village.) The local primary school is called Bournmoor Primary School, although the local scout group, formed early in the 20th century, still carries the name "Burnmoor" in its title.
The mid-19th century Ordnance Survey map shows the old core of the village (the staff housing for the Lambton estate) as "Wapping", with the open country to the south of the Sunderland road and north west of Herrington Burn shown as "Bourn Moor" and the colliery complex which was later known as Lambton is shown as Bourn Moor Colliery. The end-19th century map shows the settlement as "Bournmoor". Maps produced after the development of the 'Flowers' estate, dated between 1920 and 1960 show both as "Burnmoor" but they reverted to "Bournmoor" in later maps.
In 1913, the Parish Councils of "Bourn Moor" and "Morton Grange" complained to the Board of Trade about the poor facilities available to passengers at Fencehouses railway station.
Sporting facilities in the village include cricket, football and tennis clubs situated near to the church. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Modular | Nord Modular | Nord Modular G2 | Nord Modular / Overview / Nord Modular G2 | The Clavia Nord Modular series is a line of synthesizers produced by Clavia, a Swedish digital synthesizer manufacturer. The Nord Modular series, in common with their sister range the Nord Lead series, are analogue modelling synthesizers, producing sounds which approximate those produced by conventional analogue synths by using DSP chips to digitally model analogue circuitry. | Clavia introduced the first generation in 1998. The series was discontinued in 2004 upon the release of the next generation Nord Modular G2 series. The G2 is an updated and more powerful version of the original Modular (the G2 uses a new version of the Editor software as well), with greater polyphony and a large number of new modules to address the perceived limitations of the first generation, most notably a range of MIDI sequencing and output modules (the first generation's sequencing capabilities were limited to control of internal parameters, a restriction which many users felt to be the system's biggest limitation), time-based effects (reverb, delay, etc.), and physical modelling oscillators. However, there has been some debate in the NM community as to which generation produces the best raw sound, with many users feeling, for example, that the original series' filters had a more subjectively pleasing, grittier sound.
The first G2 Modular serial number 001 was presented to Derek Sherinian by Bengt Lilja in 2004 to honor Sherinian for his high profile usage of Nord/Clavia products.
G2 series was discontinued in 2009. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Martinho_do_Porto | São Martinho do Porto | Points of interest | São Martinho do Porto / Points of interest | São Martinho do Porto is a freguesia in Alcobaça Municipality, in Oeste Subregion of Portugal. The population in 2011 was 2,868, in an area of 14.64 km². It was a town and county seat until 1855. | Viewpoint - Located on the Santo António hill, offers a privileged view to the bay.
Lighthouse of the Santo António hill - In remote times next to a fort that defended the entrance of the bay, it is part of an orientation system for the sailors that includes two headlights located in the dunes, in front of the bar.
Tunnel - It is a pleasant walk and the contemplation of the opposite sides of the tunnel provides a sublime experience. On one side, the calm waters of the Bay, on the other the rough waters of the Atlantic Ocean that hit with violence in the rocks.
Garden of the Engineer Frederico Ulrich Square - Green leisure space dedicated to children.
José Bento da Silva School - Inaugurated in 1883 with the purpose of training primary and secondary education, today it is the seat of Town Council, Culture House José Bento da Silva, Library and Environmental Defense Association of São Martinho do Porto.
Viewpoint of the José Bento da Silva Square - Privileged view over the Bay and direct access to the Outeiro Elevator.
Ruins (Salir do Porto) - Ruins of the artisanal Customs where the caravels that participated in the discoveries and conquests were built, in the reigns of D. Afonso V and D. João II. Here were also built part of the ships that took D. Sebastião to Alcácer Quibir.
Little Slop (Salir do Porto) - It is a spring of fresh water that is born near the ocean. It is believed to be a miraculous water for many diseases, namely to have properties beneficial to skin problems.
Dune (Salir do Porto) - Once the largest of Europe, the Dune of Salir stands out in the landscape of São Martinho Bay, with an altitude of approximately 50m and 200m in length. The core of the Dune consists in part of a red sandstone, vestige of an older fossil dune. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_D._Synhorst | Melvin D. Synhorst | Introduction | Melvin D. Synhorst | Melvin D. Synhorst (January 21, 1914 – March 28, 1999) was the Iowa Secretary of State from 1949 to 1965 and from 1967 to 1980. Elected on November 2, 1948 and on November 8, 1966, he was a native of Sioux County. Serving for the two years between his terms was Gary L. Cameron. Synhorst's second term ended at his resignation; he was replaced by Mary Jane Odell. From 1959 to 1960, Synhorst was the president of the National Association of Secretaries of State. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brumbies | Brumbies | Stadium | Brumbies / Stadium | The Brumbies is an Australian professional rugby union based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, The team competes in Super Rugby and named for the wild horses which inhabit the capital's hinterland. The team represents the ACT and southern New South Wales regions.
The Brumbies were formed in 1996 to provide a third Australian franchise for the newly formed Super 12 competition. It was predicted that the Brumbies, made up of so-called 'reject' – players not wanted by the other two teams – would perform poorly. Since then, they have enjoyed more success than all the other Australian teams combined, reaching six finals and winning two.
The Brumbies play in navy blue, white and gold kits. The team plays at GIO Stadium in Canberra and is currently coached by former Wallabies fly-half Stephen Larkham. Larkham shared the coaching duties with Laurie Fisher as Director of Football, after the unexpected departure of Jake White in September 2013, who had two years left on his contract, until Fisher left to become head coach of Gloucester Rugby after the 2014 season. | The Brumbies play all their home fixtures at GIO Stadium, located adjacent to the Australian Institute of Sport in Canberra. They share the ground with the Canberra Raiders rugby league team. Also, the Canberra Vikings, the Brumbies' affiliate in the short-lived Australian Rugby Championship, played one of their four regular-season home matches there. In 2003 matches from the 2003 Rugby World Cup were played at the stadium. Capacity is a nominal all-seated 25,011, however the largest crowd is actually 28,753, which was for the 2004 Super 12 Final. The Brumbies team did not use Canberra Stadium for their post-season APC games, instead taking their home fixtures to Canberra's Viking Park, which has a smaller capacity. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Peter_Canisius_Church,_Nijmegen | St Peter Canisius Church, Nijmegen | Gallery | St Peter Canisius Church, Nijmegen / Gallery | St Peter Canisius Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands. It is situated on Molenstraat in the centre of the city. It is run by the Society of Jesus and is in the Diocese of 's-Hertogenbosch. It is built on the site of a 14th-century monastery, which was passed into the hands of the Jesuits in 1818. It was rebuilt in 1896 and again in 1960 after being bombed in the Second World War. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westhay_Moor | Westhay Moor | Ecology | Westhay Moor / Ecology | Westhay Moor is a 513.7-hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest 2.5 kilometres north-east of Westhay village and 4 kilometres from Wedmore in Somerset, England, notified in 1971. Westhay Moor is also notified as part of the Somerset Levels and Moors Special Protection Area under the EU Birds Directive and as a Ramsar Site, and a National Nature Reserve.
The low-lying swampy area of Westhay Moor has had peat laid down over older rocks for the last 10,000 years. The Neolithic people lived on the areas of slightly higher ground but exploited the reed beds for materials and built wooden trackways to cross the raised bog. Peat extraction on the Somerset Levels has occurred since the area was first drained by the Romans. Measures to improve the drainage were carried out in the Middle Ages largely by Glastonbury Abbey. In the 17th and 18th centuries further drainage work was undertaken including digging a series of rhynes, or ditches and larger drainage canals. Peat extraction peaked in the 1960s but has since declined.
The geology of the moor and prolonged peat extraction has provided a unique environment which provides a habitat for a range of flora and fauna. | Westhay Moor supports a nationally outstanding community of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates. At least 28 nationally notable invertebrate species also occur on the moor. The meadows, ditches, abandoned peat workings and hedgerows provide suitable breeding habitats for a diverse and nationally important breeding bird community.
It is part of the Brue Valley Living Landscape conservation project. The project commenced in January 2009 and aims to restore, recreate and reconnect habitats; joining together protected areas into a network to enable plant and animal movement. It aims to ensure that wildlife is enhanced and capable of sustaining itself in the face of climate change while guaranteeing farmers and other landowners can continue to use their land profitably. It is one of an increasing number of landscape scale conservation projects in the UK.
Part of the moor has been designated as a nature reserve, covering 106 hectares (261 acres), which is managed by the Somerset Wildlife Trust. In addition to open water and reedbeds, it contains a fragment of acid mire, the largest to have survived in the south west of England. The reserve provides habitat for many varieties of birds, which includes millions of starlings between November and January, along with bittern and migrating ospreys. Otters and banded demoiselles are among other species which have made their home on the moor. A large bird hide, reached via a raised boardwalk, has been erected. Westhay Moor is also notified as part of the Somerset Levels and Moors Special Protection Area under the EU Birds Directive and as a Ramsar Site, and a National Nature Reserve. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Michael | Keith Michael | Introduction | Keith Michael | Keith Michael (born Keith Michael Rizza on January 14, 1972) is an American fashion designer based in New York City. Michael participated in the third season of American reality show Project Runway. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrada_of_Laon | Bertrada of Laon | Queen of the Franks | Bertrada of Laon / Biography / Queen of the Franks | Bertrada of Laon, also known as Bertrada the Younger or Bertha Broadfoot, was a Frankish queen. She was the wife of Pepin the Short and the mother of Charlemagne, Carloman and Gisela. | In 751, Pepin and Bertrada became King and Queen of the Franks, following Pepin's successful coup against the Frankish Merovingian monarchs. Pepin was crowned in June 754, and Bertrada, Charlemagne, and Carloman were blessed by Pope Stephen II.
After Pepin's death in 768, Bertrada lost her title as Queen of the Franks. Charlemagne and Carloman inherited the two halves of Pepin's kingdom. Bertrada stayed at the court and often tried to stop arguments between the two brothers. Some historians credit Bertrada's support for her elder son Charlemagne over her younger son Carloman, and her diplomatic skills, for Charlemagne's early success. Although her influence over Charlemagne may have diminished in time, she lived at his court, and, according to Einhard, their relationship was excellent. Bertrada recommended that Charlemagne set aside his legal wife, Himiltrude, and marry Desiderata, a daughter of the Lombard king Desiderius, but Charlemagne soon divorced Desiderata. Einhard claims this was the only episode that ever strained relations between mother and son. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waverly_(Marriottsville,_Maryland) | Waverly (Marriottsville, Maryland) | Gallery | Waverly (Marriottsville, Maryland) / Gallery | Waverly Mansion is a historic home located at Marriottsville in Howard County, Maryland, USA. It was built circa 1756, and is a 2 ¹⁄₂-story Federal style stone house, covered with stucco, with a hyphen and addition that date to circa 1811. Also on the property are a small 1 ¹⁄₂-story stone overseer's cottage and a 2-story frame-and-stone barn, and the ruins of a log slave quarter.
Waverly was a property developed on land first patented by Charles Carroll of Carrollton and later part of the 1703 survey "Ranter's Ridge" owned by Thomas Browne. The land was resurveyed in 1726 as "The Mistake." It was purchased by John Dorsey and deeded to his son and daughter-in-law, Nathan and Sophia Dorsey as the next owners.
The property is associated with the Dorsey and Howard families. From the time it was established through the end of the Civil War, Waverly functioned as a plantation where unpaid slave labor was used for farm operations and creation of the wealth and lifestyle afforded to the Dorsey and Howard families. Through deeds, census records and an inventory taken upon the death of George Howard in 1846, information about the enslaved population at Waverly was uncovered. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_in_Israel | Racism in Israel | Efforts against racism and discrimination | Racism in Israel / Efforts against racism and discrimination | Racism in Israel encompasses all forms and manifestations of racism experienced in Israel, irrespective of the colour or creed of the perpetrator and victim, or their citizenship, residency, or visitor status.
More specifically in the Israeli context, however, racism in Israel refers to racism directed against Israeli Arabs by Israeli Jews, intra-Jewish racism between the various Jewish ethnic divisions, historic and current racism towards Mizrahi Jews and Jews of color, and racism on the part of Israeli Arabs against Israeli Jews.
Racism on the part of Israeli Jews against Muslim Arabs in Israel exist in institutional policies, personal attitudes, the media, education, immigration rights, housing, social life and legal policies. Some elements within the Ashkenazi Israeli Jewish population have also been described as holding discriminatory attitudes towards fellow Jews of other backgrounds, including against Ethiopian Jews, Indian Jews, Mizrahi Jews, Sephardi Jews, etc. Although intermarriage between Ashkenazim and Sephardim/Mizrahim is increasingly common in Israel, and social integration is constantly improving, disparities continue to persist. | Israel has a law that prohibits incitement to racism.
According to the State Department, Israel's anti-discrimination law "prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex, marital status, or sexual orientation. The law also prohibits discrimination by both government and nongovernment entities on the basis of race, religion, political beliefs, and age."
Israel is a signatory of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination treaty since 1966, and has ratified the treaty in 1979. The treaty forbids any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life.
The Anti Defamation League states: "There is no Israeli ideology, policy or plan to segregate, persecute or mistreat its Israeli Arab citizens, nor Palestinian Arabs," it goes on in saying that Israel is a democracy which encourages vibrant debate, which has a flourishing free press and which shares with other liberal democracies a core value: the equality of all its citizens before the law.
The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs states that "Arab Israelis are citizens of Israel with equal rights" and states that "The only legal distinction between Arab and Jewish citizens is not one of rights, but rather of civic duty. Since Israel's establishment, Arab citizens have been exempted from compulsory service in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF)." |
en | wit-train-topic-000000047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vazquez_Hermanos_Circus | Vazquez Hermanos Circus | Introduction | Vazquez Hermanos Circus | Circo Hermanos Vazquez was established in the year 1969. The brothers Jose Guillermo and Rafael Vazquez opened for the first time Circo Hermanos Vazquez in Mexico City; along with Aurora Vázquez, Rafael Vázquez, Antonia De Vazquez y José G. Vázquez. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_of_Australia | Fauna of Australia | Birds | Fauna of Australia / Birds | The fauna of Australia consists of a huge variety of animals; some 83% of mammals, 89% of reptiles, 90% of fish and insects and 93% of amphibians that inhabit the continent are endemic to Australia. This high level of endemism can be attributed to the continent's long geographic isolation, tectonic stability, and the effects of an unusual pattern of climate change on the soil and flora over geological time. A unique feature of Australia's fauna is the relative scarcity of native placental mammals. Consequently, the marsupials – a group of mammals that raise their young in a pouch, including the macropods, possums and dasyuromorphs – occupy many of the ecological niches placental animals occupy elsewhere in the world. Australia is home to two of the five known extant species of monotremes and has numerous venomous species, which include the platypus, spiders, scorpions, octopus, jellyfish, molluscs, stonefish, and stingrays. Uniquely, Australia has more venomous than non-venomous species of snakes.
The settlement of Australia by Indigenous Australians between 48,000 and 70,000 years ago, and by Europeans from 1788, has significantly affected the fauna. | Australia and its territories are home to around 800 species of bird; 45% of these are endemic to Australia. The fossil record of birds in Australia is patchy; however, there are records of the ancestors of contemporary species as early as the Late Oligocene. Birds with a Gondwanan history include the flightless ratites (the emu and southern cassowary), megapodes (the malleefowl and Australian brush-turkey), and a huge group of endemic parrots, order Psittaciformes. Australian parrots comprise a sixth of the world's parrots, including many cockatoos and galahs. The kookaburra is the largest species of the kingfisher family, known for its call, which sounds uncannily like loud, echoing human laughter.
The passerines of Australia, also known as songbirds or perching birds, include wrens, robins, the magpie group, thornbills, pardalotes, the huge honeyeater family, treecreepers, lyrebirds, birds of paradise and bowerbirds. The satin bowerbird has attracted the interest of evolutionary psychologists; it has a complex courtship ritual in which the male creates a bower filled with blue, shiny items to woo mates.
Relatively recent colonists from Eurasia are swallows, larks, thrushes, cisticolas, sunbirds, and some raptors, including the large wedge-tailed eagle. A number of bird species have been introduced by humans; some, like the European goldfinch and greenfinch, coexist happily with Australian species, while others, such as the common starling, common blackbird, house sparrow and Indian mynah, are destructive of some native bird species and thus destabilise the native ecosystem.
About 200 species of seabird live on the Australian coast, including many species of migratory seabird. Australia is at the southern end of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway for migratory water birds, which extends from Far-East Russia and Alaska through Southeast Asia to Australia and New Zealand. About two million birds travel this route to and from Australia each year. One very common large seabird is the Australian pelican, which can be found in most waterways in Australia. The little penguin is the only species of penguin that breeds on mainland Australia. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin | Mikhail Mishustin | Introduction | Mikhail Mishustin | Mikhail Vladimirovich Mishustin (Russian: Михаил Владимирович Мишустин, [mʲɪxɐˈiɫ vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ mʲɪˈʂusʲtʲɪn]; born 3 March 1966) is a Russian politician and economist serving as Prime Minister of Russia since 16 January 2020. He previously served as Director of the Federal Taxation Service from 2010 to 2020.
He was nominated to become Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation by President Vladimir Putin on 15 January 2020, following the resignation of Dmitry Medvedev. Hearings on his appointment were held in the State Duma on 16 January, and he was confirmed to the office that day.
On 30 April 2020, Mishustin announced that he tested positive for COVID-19, thus becoming the highest-ranking Russian official and the second head of government in the world after British Prime Minister Boris Johnson to be infected with the virus. On 19 May, Mishustin returned to the exercise of his powers after recovering. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Uruguay | Vehicle registration plates of Uruguay | Current series | Vehicle registration plates of Uruguay / Current series | Uruguay requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. | Prior to the introduction of this series, plates issued in each department had a unique design, in many instances displaying only the name of the municipality, rather than that of the department or the country. The change echoes that made in Argentina in 1994 with the change to a national plate series displaying the nation's name rather than a more local designation.
Under the current plate series, a single serial number format of ABC 1234 (and ABC 123 for motorcycles) has been introduced for the entire country, with either the country name, the vehicle type, or both displayed on the plate. Now absent are department or municipality designations, except for the small official logos displayed on many plates, one between the letters and numbers indicating the department of registration and another in the lower right corner indicating the municipality of registration. Plates in the current series employ FE-Schrift for their serials.
Some older plates are still in use, but evidently they are being replaced with plates of the current series, as even many antique cars have plates from the current series.
Italicized letters indicate a departmental code; bold letters indicate a fixed type code that appears on all plates of a particular type: |
en | wit-train-topic-000000051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP_9g | HP 9g | Introduction | HP 9g | The hp 9g (F2222A) is a graphing calculator designed by Kinpo Electronics, Inc and produced by Hewlett-Packard. It has basic graphing, scientific and programming features designed for use by students.
Despite resembling a typical scientific calculator in appearance, such as those by competitors Casio and Sharp, the 9g departs from HP calculator tradition because it does not have an RPN mode. It is also particular unusual for its display, which includes a compact dot-matrix grid for displaying graphs, a dot-matrix character line which displays expressions being input (acting as a continuation of the dot-matrix grid), and a seven-segment line to display answers to expressions.
The HP-9g is similar to Citizen SRP-325G, also designed by Kinpo Electronics, Inc. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/169_series | 169 series | Livery variations | 169 series / Livery variations | The 169 series was an express electric multiple unit train type introduced in 1969 by Japanese National Railways, and later operated by East Japan Railway Company until 1996 and by Shinano Railway in Nagano Prefecture until 2013. The 169 series was developed from the 165 series EMUs. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_flow | Traffic flow | Traffic stream properties | Traffic flow / Traffic stream properties | In mathematics and transportation engineering, traffic flow is the study of interactions between travellers and infrastructure, with the aim of understanding and developing an optimal transport network with efficient movement of traffic and minimal traffic congestion problems. | Traffic flow is generally constrained along a one-dimensional pathway (e.g. a travel lane). A time-space diagram shows graphically the flow of vehicles along a pathway over time. Time is displayed along the horizontal axis, and distance is shown along the vertical axis. Traffic flow in a time-space diagram is represented by the individual trajectory lines of individual vehicles. Vehicles following each other along a given travel lane will have parallel trajectories, and trajectories will cross when one vehicle passes another. Time-space diagrams are useful tools for displaying and analyzing the traffic flow characteristics of a given roadway segment over time (e.g. analyzing traffic flow congestion).
There are three main variables to visualize a traffic stream: speed (v), density (indicated k; the number of vehicles per unit of space), and flow (indicated q; the number of vehicles per unit of time). |
en | wit-train-topic-000000054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_of_Galerius_and_Rotunda | Arch of Galerius and Rotunda | Sculptural program of the Arch | Arch of Galerius and Rotunda / Location and description of the Arch / Sculptural program of the Arch | The Arch of Galerius or Kamara and the Rotunda are neighbouring early 4th-century AD monuments in the city of Thessaloniki, in the region of Central Macedonia in northern Greece. | Understanding of the sculptural program of the arch is limited by the loss of the majority of the marble panels, but the remains give an impression of the whole. Four vertically stacked registers of sculpted decoration were carved on each pillar, each separated by elaborate moldings. A label for the Tigris River indicates that there were likely labels on other representations as the builders deemed necessary. Artistic license was taken in the representations, for instance, the Caesar Galerius is shown in personal combat with the Sassanid Shah Narses in one of the panels; although they never met in battle. On the arch a mounted Galerius attacks a similarly mounted Narses with a lance as an eagle bearing a victory wreath in its talons approaches Galerius. The Caesar sits securely on his rearing horse, while the Persian king appears nearly unhorsed. Terrified Persians cower under the hooves of the Caesar's horse in the chaos of battle. The panel expresses the power of the Caesar Galerius.
The relief of the imperial family conjoined in a sacrifice of thanksgiving owes its distant prototype to the Augustan reliefs on the Ara Pacis in Rome. Galerius' wife, Diocletian's daughter Valeria, is shown at his side, helping authenticate his connection to his predecessor. Here as elsewhere all the faces have been carefully chiselled off, whether as damnatio memoriae or in later cultural intolerance of images.
In another panel, the tetrarchs are all arrayed in the toga as a Victoria holds a victory wreath out to the heads of the two Augusti. A third panel celebrates the unity of the tetrarchy, with a depiction of the tetrarchs standing together; the depersonalized manner in which the tetrarchs are portrayed is reminiscent of the schematic statues of the tetrarchs in porphyry at St. Mark's Basilica in Venice. Only Galerius is dressed in armor, and he makes the offering upon the altar.
What remains of the arch asserts the glory of the tetrarchy and the prominence of Galerius within that system. The arch celebrates the Roman Empire as part of Galerius’ victory over the Sassanid king. Galerius is also pictured on his horse at the right, while attacking a Sassanid guard. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniele_Giordano | Daniele Giordano | Introduction | Daniele Giordano | Daniele Giordano (born 4 March 1991) is an Italian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Città di Gragnano. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hillsborough_County,_Florida | National Register of Historic Places listings in Hillsborough County, Florida | Current listings | National Register of Historic Places listings in Hillsborough County, Florida / Current listings | This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hillsborough County, Florida.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Hillsborough County, Florida. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.
There are 99 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 3 National Historic Landmarks, all three of which are in Tampa. 21 of these properties and districts are listed here, while the others are listed separately in National Register of Historic Places listings in Tampa, Florida.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 6, 2020. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhampton | Woolhampton | Geography | Woolhampton / Geography | Woolhampton is a village and civil parish in West Berkshire, England. The village straddles the London to Bath road between the towns of Reading and Newbury. The village homes are clustered and are on the northern side of the plain of the River Kennet, with the Berkshire Downs rising through the fields and woods of the village northwards. | Besides the A4, the London to Exeter (via Taunton) railway line and the Kennet and Avon Canal also pass through the village. Woolhampton is served by Midgham railway station in the village. The railway station was originally known as Woolhampton railway station but, according to local legend, was renamed Midgham railway station (after the village of Midgham, one mile west-northwest) in order to avoid possible confusion with the similarly named Wolverhampton railway station.
The A4 road forms the main street of the village. An unclassified road runs to the south, towards the village of Brimpton. This crosses the railway line by the station on a level crossing, followed shortly afterwards by a swing bridge across the river and canal (which share a common channel at this point). Woolhampton Lock lies just to the west. Two other unclassified roads leave the village to the north, climbing into the Berkshire Downs.
Because of its location on the Bath road, Woolhampton was well known for its coaching inns. Only one of these survive on the main road, the Angel after the Falmouth Arms closed in 2014 and converted to residential property. A second public house, the Rowbarge, is, as its name suggests, situated alongside the Kennet and Avon Canal next to the swing bridge.
On the higher land some half mile to the north of the village is the adjacent settlement of Upper Woolhampton, which contains both Woolhampton (St Peter's) Church and the village school. A further half mile to the north, but still within the civil parish, is the Benedictine Douai Abbey community, and its now-closed Douai School. Between Douai Abbey and the village is the historic Woolhampton House, which now houses Elstree School, a preparatory school that moved to Woolhampton from the London suburb of Elstree during the Second World War.
The civil parish of Woolhampton includes the village of Woolhampton, the adjacent settlement of Upper Woolhampton, and the rural area to the north, east and south of the village. It has a parish council, and also lies in the West Berkshire local government district and the Newbury parliamentary constituency.
The Woolhampton Reed Bed, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, lies alongside the River Kennet within the parish and to the south east of the village. The dense reed bed, with smaller areas of tall fen vegetation and carr woodland, is notable for its nesting passerine bird populations and for the diversity of insects it supports.
Upper Woolhampton in Bucklebury has long been in that larger parish ecclesiastically and secularly. it is on the same wide escarpment and has approximately the same amount of housing and population as Woolhampton itself.
The war memorial in Woolhampton was designed by Sir Robert Lorimer in 1920. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000058 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaxton_Panorama_Elite | Plaxton Panorama Elite | Design features | Plaxton Panorama Elite / Design features | The Plaxton Panorama Elite was a successful design of coach bodywork built between 1968-1975 by Plaxton of Scarborough, Yorkshire, England. A wide-doorway variant called the Plaxton Elite Express was also built. Collectively, they are commonly referred to as the Plaxton Elite.
It was preceded by the Plaxton Panorama I, and replaced by the Plaxton Supreme. Around 6,000 Elites were built. | The Panorama Elite has continuously bowed sides, front and rear ends. It has large, bowed, round-cornered side windows mounted in rubber (the Panorama series had flat side windows mounted in metal frames with square corners) and double-curvature windscreens which are the same at front and rear of the coach. There is a shallow ridged area above the front windscreen.
Extensive use is made of brightwork. Up to four beaded chrome strips run along the side of the vehicle, as well as ribbed skirt panels. The front grille and headlights are contained within a distinctive chrome surround which merges with the side brightwork.
A destination box was sometimes fitted. Usually this was just below the windscreen, above the level of the headlights; on some models, mainly front-engined Bedfords and Fords, the destination box was mounted between the headlights. In either position, difficulties were found with some chassis having a high-set front-mounted radiator (in particular those manufactured by Bristol), where the position was needed for the radiator grille, so on these the destination box was above the windscreen, and this was known as the Bristol Dome. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Fascism | Grand Council of Fascism | Agriculture and Forestry | Grand Council of Fascism / Members of the Council / Ministers / Agriculture and Forestry | The Grand Council of Fascism was the main body of Mussolini's Fascist government in Italy. A body which held and applied great power to control the institutions of government, it was created as a body of the National Fascist Party in 1923 and became a state body on 9 December 1928. The council usually met at the Palazzo Venezia, Rome, which was also the seat of head of the Italian government. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catopsilia_florella | Catopsilia florella | Gallery | Catopsilia florella / Gallery | Catopsilia florella, the African migrant, African emigrant, or common vagrant, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae. It is found in Africa and the Canary Islands. Like Catopsilia pomona, this species also has a habit of migration.
Many early authors mentioned the presence of this species in Asia; but those were probably due to confusion arises as Catopsilia pyranthe females exhibit a lot of seasonal variations. Catopsilia florella is not included as a species in India in any recent checklists.
The wingspan is 54–60 mm for males and 56–66 mm for females. Adults are on wing year-round. From South Africa, adults migrate from summer to autumn. They fly in a north-eastern direction.
The larvae feed on Senna occidentalis, Senna septentrionalis, Senna petersiana, Senna italica, Cassia javanica, and Cassia fistula. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_University_of_Technology | Gdańsk University of Technology | 110th anniversary of GUT | Gdańsk University of Technology / 110th anniversary of GUT | The Gdańsk University of Technology is a technical university in the Wrzeszcz borough of Gdańsk, and one of the oldest universities in Poland. It has nine faculties and with 41 fields of study and more than 18 thousand undergraduate, as well as about 626 doctoral students. It employs 2768 people, including 1313 academic teachers.
Some degree courses and various specialisations are taught in English. Moreover, some of the courses offered by GUT are unique in Poland, for instance ones in Construction Chemistry, Nanotechnology, Geodesy and Cartography, as well as Engineering of Natural Resources.
Students have access to specialist laboratories, lecture theatres with multimedia facilities, a library with 1.2 million volumes and various sports facilities. Undergraduates can also join one or more of 60 student science or language societies as well as other organisations.
GUT is the first and only Polish university to be a member of the CDIO Initiative, founded by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in collaboration with Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden. | Throughout the whole year 2014 the Gdańsk University of Technology celebrated 110 years of its existence. The official inauguration of the jubilee year was in January 2014. The ceremony was held during the public session of the Senate on the occasion of academic promotions. Exactly on the 110th anniversary of the first inauguration – October 6, 2014 – there was the jubilee inauguration of the academic year. It is worth mentioning that a number of eminent personalities, including President Lech Wałęsa, and Minister of Science and Higher Education Lena Kolarska-Bobinska were among the honorary committee of the jubilee. The culmination point was the ceremony of conferring an honorary doctorate of GUT on world-renowned chemist Professor Robert Cava from Princeton University. The main ceremony ended with the concert at the Polish Baltic Philharmonic. The symphony orchestra of PBP with the GUT and Poznań University of Technology choirs performed the oratorio Quo vadis by Feliks Nowowiejski. The next days the GUT organised a meeting with members of the European Federation of National Engineering Associations. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoky_Mountains_(Idaho) | Smoky Mountains (Idaho) | Gallery | Smoky Mountains (Idaho) / Gallery | The Smoky Mountains are part of the Rocky Mountains and located on the west side of the Wood River Valley near Sun Valley, Idaho, in the Western United States. The range is within Sawtooth National Forest, while part of it is within the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The highest point in the range is Saviers Peak at 10,441 ft.
The Smoky Mountains area closely surrounded by other mountain ranges including the Sawtooth Mountains to the northwest, Boulder Mountains to the north, Pioneer Mountains to the east, and Soldier Mountains to the south. The Smoky Mountains are located within the watersheds of the Big Wood, Salmon, and Boise Rivers. The mountains are most easily accessed from Idaho State Highway 75, although many unimproved and improved dirt road, including National Forest road 227, enter and cross the mountains.
The Smoky Mountains were named from the frequent forest fires in the mountains. In 2007 the Castle Rock Fire burned 48,000 acres of the Smoky Mountains near Ketchum. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Material_Handling,_U.S.A.,_Inc. | Toyota Material Handling, U.S.A., Inc. | History | Toyota Material Handling, U.S.A., Inc. / History | Toyota Material Handling, U.S.A., Inc., headquartered in Columbus, Indiana, is the U.S. distributor of Toyota lift trucks and tow tractors. TMHU also is the sole United States distributor for Aichi aerial work platforms, which include scissor lifts, crawler and wheeled boom lifts. TMHU is a subsidiary of Toyota Industries Corporation. Toyota has been the number one lift truck supplier in North America since 2002. One in five forklifts sold in the U.S.A. is a Toyota. | In 1967, Toyota established its first forklift dealership and sold its first forklift in the U.S. Over the years, Toyota has continued to evolve its lift truck product line. In 1990, Toyota started producing lift trucks in Columbus, Indiana at Toyota Industrial Equipment Manufacturing (TIEM).
The majority of Toyota lift trucks sold in the U.S. are manufactured at Toyota Industrial Equipment Manufacturing (TIEM) in Columbus, Indiana. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Baden-Powell,_1st_Baron_Baden-Powell | Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell | Scouting Movement | Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell / Scouting Movement | Lieutenant General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, OM, GCMG, GCVO, KCB, KStJ, DL, was a British Army officer, writer, founder and first Chief Scout of the world-wide Scout Movement, and founder, with his sister Agnes, of the world-wide Girl Guide / Girl Scout Movement. Baden-Powell authored the first editions of the seminal work Scouting for Boys, which was an inspiration for the Scout Movement.
Educated at Charterhouse School, Baden-Powell served in the British Army from 1876 until 1910 in India and Africa. In 1899, during the Second Boer War in South Africa, Baden-Powell successfully defended the town in the Siege of Mafeking. Several of his books, written for military reconnaissance and scout training in his African years, were also read by boys. In 1907, he held a demonstration camp, the Brownsea Island Scout camp, which is now seen as the beginning of Scouting. Based on his earlier books, particularly Aids to Scouting, he wrote Scouting for Boys, published in 1908 by Sir Arthur Pearson, for boy readership. In 1910 Baden-Powell retired from the army and formed The Scout Association.
The first Scout Rally was held at The Crystal Palace in 1909. | On his return from Africa in 1903, Baden-Powell found that his military training manual, Aids to Scouting, had become a best-seller, and was being used by teachers and youth organisations, including Charlotte Mason's House of Education. Following his involvement in the Boys' Brigade as a Brigade Vice-President and Officer in charge of its scouting section, with encouragement from his friend, William Alexander Smith, Baden-Powell decided to re-write Aids to Scouting to suit a youth readership. In August 1907 he held a camp on Brownsea Island to test out his ideas. About twenty boys attended: eight from local Boys' Brigade companies, and about twelve public school boys, mostly sons of his friends.
Baden-Powell was also influenced by Ernest Thompson Seton, who founded the Woodcraft Indians. Seton gave Baden-Powell a copy of his book The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians and they met in 1906. The first book on the Scout Movement, Baden-Powell's Scouting for Boys was published in six instalments in 1908, and has sold approximately 150 million copies as the fourth best-selling book of the 20th century.
Boys and girls spontaneously formed Scout troops and the Scouting Movement had inadvertently started, first as a national, and soon an international phenomenon. A rally of Scouts was held at Crystal Palace in London in 1909, at which Baden-Powell met some of the first Girl Scouts. The Girl Guides were subsequently formed in 1910 under the auspices of Baden-Powell's sister, Agnes Baden-Powell. In 1912, Baden-Powell started a world tour with a voyage to the Caribbean. Another passenger was Juliette Gordon Low, an American who had been running a Guide Company in Scotland, and was returning to the U.S.A. Baden-Powell encouraged her to found the Girl Scouts of the USA.
In 1920, the 1st World Scout Jamboree took place in Olympia in West Kensington, and Baden-Powell was acclaimed Chief Scout of the World. Baden-Powell was created a Baronet in 1921 and Baron Baden-Powell, of Gilwell, in the County of Essex, on 17 September 1929, Gilwell Park being the International Scout Leader training centre. After receiving this honour, Baden-Powell mostly styled himself "Baden-Powell of Gilwell".
In 1929, during the 3rd World Scout Jamboree, he received as a present a new 20-horsepower Rolls-Royce car (chassis number GVO-40, registration OU 2938) and an Eccles Caravan. This combination well served the Baden-Powells in their further travels around Europe. The caravan was nicknamed Eccles and is now on display at Gilwell Park. The car, nicknamed Jam Roll, was sold after his death by Olave Baden-Powell in 1945. Jam Roll and Eccles were reunited at Gilwell for the 21st World Scout Jamboree in 2007. Recently it has been purchased on behalf of Scouting and is owned by a charity, B-P Jam Roll Ltd. Funds are being raised to repay the loan that was used to purchase the car.
Baden-Powell also had a positive impact on improvements in youth education. Under his dedicated command the world Scouting Movement grew. By 1922 there were more than a million Scouts in 32 countries; by 1939 the number of Scouts was in excess of 3.3 million.
Some early Scouting "Thanks Badges" (from 1911) and the Scouting "Medal of Merit" badge had a swastika symbol on them. This was undoubtedly influenced by the use by Rudyard Kipling of the swastika on the jacket of his published books, including Kim, which was used by Baden-Powell as a basis for the Wolf Cub branch of the Scouting Movement. The swastika had been a symbol for luck in India long before being adopted by the Nazi Party in 1920, and when Nazi use of the swastika became more widespread, the Scouts stopped using it.
Nazi Germany banned Scouting, a competitor to the Hitler Youth, in June 1934, seeing it as "a haven for young men opposed to the new State". Based on the regime's view of Scouting as a dangerous espionage organisation, Baden-Powell's name was included in "The Black Book", a 1940 list of people to be detained following the planned conquest of the United Kingdom. A drawing by Baden-Powell depicts Scouts ass |
en | wit-train-topic-000000068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uurainen | Uurainen | Gallery | Uurainen / Gallery | Uurainen is a municipality of Finland.
It is part of the Central Finland region. The municipality has a population of 3,776 and covers an area of 372.26 square kilometres of which 24.22 km² is water. The population density is 10.85 inhabitants per square kilometre.
Neighbouring municipalities are Jyväskylä, Laukaa, Multia, Petäjävesi, Saarijärvi and Äänekoski.
The municipality is unilingually Finnish. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_art | Modern art | Introduction | Modern art | Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation. Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency away from the narrative, which was characteristic for the traditional arts, toward abstraction is characteristic of much modern art. More recent artistic production is often called contemporary art or postmodern art.
Modern art begins with the heritage of painters like Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec all of whom were essential for the development of modern art. At the beginning of the 20th century Henri Matisse and several other young artists including the pre-cubists Georges Braque, André Derain, Raoul Dufy, Jean Metzinger and Maurice de Vlaminck revolutionized the Paris art world with "wild", multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called Fauvism. Matisse's two versions of The Dance signified a key point in his career and in the development of modern painting. It reflected Matisse's incipient fascination with primitive art: the intense warm color of the figures against the cool blue-green background and the rhythmical succession of the dancing nudes convey the feelings of emotional liberation and hedonism.
At the start of 20th-century Western painting, and Initially influenced by Toulouse-Lautrec, Gauguin and other late-19th-century innovators, Pablo Picasso made his first cubist paintings based on Cézanne's idea that all depiction of nature can be reduced to three solids: cube, sphere and cone. With the painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), Picasso dramatically created a new and radical picture depicting a raw and primitive brothel scene with five prostitutes, violently painted women, reminiscent of African tribal masks and his own new Cubist inventions. Analytic cubism was jointly developed by Picasso and Georges Braque, exemplified by Violin and Candlestick, Paris, from about 1908 through 1912. Analytic cubism, the first clear manifestation of cubism, was followed by Synthetic cubism, practiced by Braque, Picasso, Fernand Léger, Juan Gris, Albert Gleizes, Marcel Duchamp and several other artists into the 1920s. Synthetic cubism is characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, collage elements, papier collé and a large variety of merged subject matter.
The notion of modern art is closely related to modernism. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta_Kwu_Ling | Ta Kwu Ling | Introduction | Ta Kwu Ling | Ta Kwu Ling is an area in the North District, New Territories, Hong Kong, located northeast of Sheung Shui, close to the border with mainland China.
Ta Kwu Ling is one of three new development areas currently being planned for North District, in parallel with Fanling North and Kwu Tung North.
Its name is frequently heard in weather reports, since it often experiences the highest and lowest daily temperatures in Hong Kong, due to its inland location. Temperatures near 0 °C (32 °F) occur once every few years, while daily minimum temperatures of 5 °C (41 °F) or less are not uncommon during winter.
One of the three strategic landfills in use in Hong Kong is located in Ta Kwu Ling.
Before 4 January 2016 parts of Ta Kwu Ling fell within the Frontier Closed Area and a Closed Area Permit was required. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_doors | Swan doors | Introduction | Swan doors | Swan doors are a type of door sometimes seen on high performance cars or concept cars. Swan doors operate in a similar way to conventional car doors but unlike regular doors, they open at an upward angle. This design helps the doors to clear curbs, especially on lower sports cars, by opening slightly upward and away from the curb. The name comes from a car's resemblance with its doors open to a swan with its wings open.
Aston Martin have used the design on many of their models, including the DB9, DB10, DB11, DBS V12, One-77, Rapide, Vantage, Vanquish, Virage, CC100 and the Vulcan. The design was also used by Aston Martin's sister company, Lagonda, on the Lagonda Taraf, as well as by other manufacturers on the Hennessey Venom GT, Vencer Sarthe and Pagani Huayra Roadster. Concept cars have used Swan doors as well, including the Jaguar C-X75 concept, Nissan URGE, Bertone Nuccio, Lamborghini Asterion, Toyota NS4 and more. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Spitta | Philipp Spitta | Introduction | Philipp Spitta | Julius August Philipp Spitta (27 December 1841 – 13 April 1894) was a German music historian and musicologist best known for his 1873 biography of Johann Sebastian Bach. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_South_Pacific_cyclone_season | 2016–17 South Pacific cyclone season | Tropical Depression 13F | 2016–17 South Pacific cyclone season / Systems / Tropical Depression 13F | The 2016–17 South Pacific cyclone season was the least active South Pacific cyclone season since the 2011–12 season, with only four tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific Ocean to the east of 160°E. Two of the four systems developed into severe tropical cyclones on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale. The season officially ran from November 1, 2016 until April 30, 2017. However, May featured two post-season systems: Donna and Ella, of which the former was the strongest post-season South Pacific tropical cyclone ever recorded in that month. Overall, 22 tropical disturbances were monitored by a combination of the Fiji Meteorological Service, Australian Bureau of Meteorology and New Zealand's MetService.
Official advisories regarding tropical cyclones in this basin were issued by the FMS through the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Nadi, the BoM through the Tropical Cyclone Warning Center in Brisbane and MetService through the TCWC in Wellington. The United States Armed Forces through the Joint Typhoon Warning Center also monitored the basin and issued unofficial warnings for American interests. | A tropical depression developed over French Polynesia on February 15. It intensified until it reached peak intensity over the south Pacific on February 16. It later undergo extratropical transition, a process that will be completed on the late hours of February 18. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Range_(Rocky_Mountains) | Rainbow Range (Rocky Mountains) | Introduction | Rainbow Range (Rocky Mountains) | The Rainbow Range is a small subrange of the Park Ranges subdivisions of the Northern Continental Ranges of the Rocky Mountains on the border between Alberta and British Columbia in Mount Robson Provincial Park.
Its highest summit, and the highest in the Canadian Rockies, is Mount Robson 3,954 m (12,972 ft), followed by nearby Resplendent Mountain 3425 m (11241 ft) and Mount Kain 2863 m (9393 ft). |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroic_nudity | Heroic nudity | The convention | Heroic nudity / The convention | Heroic nudity or ideal nudity is a concept in classical scholarship to describe the un-realist use of nudity in classical sculpture to show figures who may be heroes, deities, or semi-divine beings. This convention began in Archaic and Classical Greece and continued in Hellenistic and Roman sculpture. The existence or place of the convention is the subject of scholarly argument.
In ancient Greek art warriors on reliefs and painted vases were often shown as nude in combat, which was not in fact the Greek custom, and in other contexts. Idealized young men were carved in kouros figures, and cult images in the temples of some male deities were nude. Later, portrait statues of the rich, including Roman imperial families, were given idealized nude bodies; by now this included women. The bodies were always young and athletic; old bodies are never seen. Pliny the Elder noted the introduction of the Greek style to Rome.
Agnolo Bronzino's painted Portrait of Andrea Doria as Neptune was a rare Renaissance example, but the convention, which was identified by the theorist of Neoclassicism, Johann Joachim Winckelmann, was sometimes revived in Neoclassical art. | Nudity was often thought to be an important aspect of Greek civilization and was frequent in places such as gymnasiums and when competing in games. This concept operated for women as well as for men, with females being portrayed through Venus and other goddesses.
Particularly in Roman examples like the Tivoli General or Delos "Pseudo-Athlete", this could lead to an odd juxtaposition of a hyper-realistic portrait bust in the Roman style (warts-and-all for the men, or with an elaborate hairstyle for the women) with an idealized god-like body in the Greek style. Male genitalia explicitly were not depicted as overly well-endowed to separate a noble and modest facade from the connotation in Greek culture that larger endowments belonged to more primal and barbaric characteristics.
As a concept, it has been modified since its inception, with other types of nudity now recognized in classical sculpture—e.g., the pathetic nudity of brave but defeated barbarian enemies like the Dying Gaul. Tonio Hölscher has rejected the concept entirely for Greek art of the 4th century BC and earlier.
Heroic nudity allowed Greek sculptors to show a subject's character more accurately, without the disguise or added context of clothing. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_the_Channel_Islands | List of lighthouses in the Channel Islands | Lighthouses | List of lighthouses in the Channel Islands / Lighthouses | This is a list of lighthouses in the Channel Islands. The archipelago lies to the west of the Cotentin Peninsula in the English Channel. There are lighthouses on all of the four main islands: Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey and Sark. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodge_Shadow | Dodge Shadow | Options | Dodge Shadow / Options | The Dodge Shadow and Plymouth Sundance are economical 3-door and 5-door hatchbacks that were introduced for the 1987 model year by the Chrysler Corporation. For 1991, a 2-door convertible variant was added to the Shadow lineup; but not the Sundance lineup. The 3-door hatchback model replaced the Dodge Charger model, while the 5-door hatchback model replaced the Dodge Omni model; of their respective marque.
The first vehicle rolled out of Sterling Heights Assembly on August 25, 1986. In late 1988, production of the Mexican market version called the Chrysler Shadow began at Toluca Car Assembly. The Shadow/Sundance was also sold in Europe from 1988 to 1991 as the Chrysler ES. Production ended on March 9, 1994, with the Shadow/Sundance being replaced by the Chrysler Neon. | Features varied over the years, but some features included: power windows, power adjustable mirrors, power door locks, power adjustable driver seat, cruise control, tilt steering wheel, variable intermittent delay windshield wipers, overhead console with map lights and compass/temperature display, upgraded "highline" instrument cluster with tachometer, "light package" that added lighting in the trunk, glove box, under-hood mounted light and rear door dome light switches (4 door models), remote trunk release, rear window defroster, Fog lights, mag wheels, Four wheel disc brakes, Infinity sound system, a cassette player, a sunroof, anti-lock brake systems and on turbocharger equipped cars, there was also a vacuum/boost gauge and a message center that monitored four vehicle functions, door ajar, washer fluid level, etc.. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_players_in_the_Naismith_Memorial_Basketball_Hall_of_Fame | List of players in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame | Players | List of players in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame / Players | The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, located in Springfield, Massachusetts, honors players who have shown exceptional skill at basketball, all-time great coaches, referees, and other major contributors to the sport. It is named after Dr. James Naismith, who conceived the sport in 1891; he was inducted into the Hall as a contributor in 1959. The Player category has existed since the beginning of the Hall of Fame. For a person to be eligible on the ballot for Hall of Fame honors as a player, he or she must be fully retired for three years. If a player retired for a short period, then "his/her case and eligibility is reviewed on an individual basis".
As part of the inaugural class of 1959, four players were inducted; over 150 more individuals have been inducted as players since then. Four players have also been inducted as coaches: John Wooden in 1973, Lenny Wilkens in 1998, Bill Sharman in 2004, and Tom Heinsohn in 2015.
Of the inducted players, 25 were also members of teams that have been inducted into the Hall as units.
William "Pop" Gates and John Isaacs were members of the New York Renaissance. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Cambridge | All Saints' Church, Cambridge | Introduction | All Saints' Church, Cambridge | All Saints' is a church on Jesus Lane in central Cambridge, England, which was built by the architect George Frederick Bodley. The church was constructed in stages between 1863 and 1870 and is a notable example of English Gothic Revival style with fittings in the Arts and Crafts style. It was designated Grade I listed building status in 1950. It was vested in The Churches Conservation Trust in 1981. Opening times vary and it's recommended that visitors contact The Churches Conservation Trust to find the current arrangement. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lea_Bridge | Lea Bridge | Introduction | Lea Bridge | Lea Bridge is a district in the London Borough of Hackney and the London Borough of Waltham Forest in London, England. It lies 7 miles (11.3 km) northeast of Charing Cross.
The area it takes its name from a bridge built over the River Lea in 1745, and the Lea Bridge Road which leads through the area and across the bridge. The bridge also gives its name to a ward in Waltham Forest (Lea Bridge) on the eastern, Leyton, bank of the river.
Within Hackney, Lea Bridge Road forms the customary boundary between Upper and Lower Clapton. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathing_machine | Bathing machine | Use | Bathing machine / Use | The bathing machine was a device, popular from the 18th century until the early 20th century, to allow people to change out of their usual clothes, change into swimwear, and wade in the ocean at beaches. Bathing machines were roofed and walled wooden carts rolled into the sea. Some had solid wooden walls, others canvas walls over a wooden frame, and commonly walls at the sides and curtained doors at each end.
The use of bathing machines as part of the etiquette for sea-bathing was more rigorously enforced upon women than men, but it was to be observed by both sexes among those who wished to behave respectably.
Especially in Britain, men and women were usually segregated, so that people of the opposite sex should not see them in their bathing suits, which were not considered proper clothing in which to be seen in public. | The bathing machines in use in Margate, Kent, were described by Walley Chamberlain Oulton in 1805 as:
[F]our-wheeled carriages, covered with canvas, and having at one end of them an umbrella of the same materials which is let down to the surface of the water, so that the bather descending from the machine by a few steps is concealed from the public view, whereby the most refined female is enabled to enjoy the advantages of the sea with the strictest delicacy.
People entered the small room of the machine while it was on the beach, wearing their street clothing. In the machine they changed into their bathing suit, although men were allowed to bathe nude until the 1860s, placing their street clothes into a raised compartment where they would remain dry.
Probably all bathing machines had small windows, but one writer in the Manchester Guardian of May 26, 1906 considered them "ill-lighted" and wondered why bathing machines were not improved with a skylight.
The machine would then be wheeled or slid into the water. The most common machines had large wide wheels and were propelled in and out of the surf by a horse or a pair of horses with a driver. Less common were machines pushed in and out of the water by human power. Some resorts had wooden rails into the water for the wheels to roll on; a few had bathing machines pulled in and out by cables propelled by a steam engine.
Once in the water, the occupants disembarked from the sea side down steps into the water. Many machines had doors front and back; those with only one door would be backed into the sea or need to be turned around. It was considered essential that the machine blocked any view of the bather from the shore. Some machines were equipped with a canvas tent lowered from the seaside door, sometimes capable of being lowered to the water, giving the bather greater privacy.
Some resorts employed a dipper, a strong person of the same sex who would assist the bather in and out of the sea. Some dippers were said to push bathers into the water, then yank them out, considered part of the experience.
Bathing machines would often be equipped with a small flag which could be raised by the bather as a signal to the driver that they were ready to return to shore. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksia_coccinea | Banksia coccinea | Ecology | Banksia coccinea / Ecology | Banksia coccinea, commonly known as the scarlet banksia, waratah banksia or Albany banksia, is an erect shrub or small tree in the family Proteaceae. Its distribution in the wild is along the south west coast of Western Australia, from Denmark to the Stokes National Park, and north to the Stirling Range, growing on white or grey sand in shrubland, heath or open woodland. Reaching up to 8 m in height, it is a single-stemmed plant that has oblong leaves, which are 3–9 cm long and 2–7 cm wide. The prominent red and white flower spikes appear mainly in the spring. As they age they develop small follicles that store seeds until opened by fire. Though widely occurring, it is highly sensitive to dieback and large populations of plants have succumbed to the disease.
Collected and described by Robert Brown in the early 19th century, Banksia coccinea appears to be most closely related to Banksia speciosa and B. baxteri. Banksia coccinea plants are killed by bushfire, and regenerate from seed. The flowers attract nectar- and insect-feeding birds, particularly honeyeaters, and a variety of insects. | A field study conducted around Albany found the honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus) sometimes visit Banksia coccinea, as do the New Holland honeyeater (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae), white-cheeked honeyeater (P. nigra), and western spinebill (Acanthorhynchus superciliosus). Banksia coccinea flowers are visited by colletid bees Hylaeus alcyoneus and H. sanguinipictus. The short-billed black cockatoo breaks off old cones with follicles to eat the seed, often doing so before the seed is ripe.
B. coccinea is killed by fire and regenerates afterwards from seed released from burnt follicles. It has is some degree of serotiny, that is, it has an aerial seed bank in its canopy in the form of the follicles of the old flower spikes. However, numbers of seed are less than other co-occurring species of banksia on the southern plains and peak several years after a fire. Unusually for banksias, B. coccinea can release seed with resulting seedlings growing in the absence of a bushfire trigger. Plants flower and fruit three years after germination and are shorter-lived than other banksias, appearing in poor health or dying before 20 years of age. They hence appear to be suited to fire intervals of less than 20 years.
Manipulating growing conditions on plants in cultivation showed that longer daylight (16 hours vs 8 hours) led to development of more flower spikes, indicating that flower initiation was related to day length.
Extremely sensitive to dieback caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi, Banksia coccinea is an indicator species for the presence of the disease. There is no known means of eradicating dieback. Much of the Stirling Range National Park is infested, though Fitzgerald River National Park has been largely spared. Applying phosphite to infested areas has been shown to reduce the mortality rates to around 50%. B. coccinea has shown some symptoms of toxicity to application of phosphite, with some patchy necrosis of leaves, but the plant's uptake of the compound is somewhat lower compared with uptake by other shrub species. Unusually, the symptoms do not appear to be proportional to exposure levels.
Dying stands of B. coccinea were observed in 1989, and the fungus Cryptodiaporthe melanocraspedia isolated as the cause in 1995. The disease, a form of aerial canker, manifested initially as dead dry brown leaves and the tips of new growth. Plants would die from the top downwards, with larger branches affected over time. Under the outer bark, orange and brown patches of necrosis spread out from leaf nodes until they encircle the stem, which then dies. Flower spikes may be affected during flowering season. In humid spells during warm weather, white or pink spore tendrils are produced on dead wood. One affected stand monitored over three years from October 1989 to June 1992 showed a 97% mortality of plants (compared with a baseline 40%). Investigators Bryan Shearer and colleagues isolated another virulent pathogen that they identified as a species of Zythiostroma, however it appeared to invoke an immune response in the plant. This immune response, coupled with the fact that it had not been observed in the wild, led them to believe it was not a major pathogen of the species. This species has since been reclassified and named as Luteocirrhus shearii.
B. coccinea is a host for the gall midge Dasineura banksiae, a species of fly that attacks and lays eggs on the leaves between late October and early December. The round white hairy galls are 5–7 mm in diameter and generally contain one larva, or up to five on severely infested plants. The larvae moult and feed until January to March, when they reduce activity until early October. Although these are not harmful to the plant, they disfigure the cut foliage and hence reduce its value. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darolutamide | Darolutamide | Introduction | Darolutamide | Darolutamide, sold under the brand name Nubeqa, is an antiandrogen medication which is used in the treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in men. It is specifically approved to treat non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) in conjunction with surgical or medical castration. The medication is taken by mouth twice per day with food.
Side effects of darolutamide added to castration may include fatigue, asthenia, pain in the arms and legs, and rash. Darolutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA), and acts as a selective antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR). It has been referred to as a second- or third-generation NSAA.
Darolutamide was patented in 2011, and was approved for medical use in July 2019. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Agnus | Felix Agnus | Dates of rank | Felix Agnus / Dates of rank | Felix Agnus was a French-born sculptor, newspaper publisher and soldier who served in the Franco-Austrian War and American Civil War. Agnus studied as a sculptor, before enlisting to fight in the Franco-Austrian War. Upon conclusion of the war, he travelled to the United States, and briefly worked as a sculptor. In 1861, upon the outbreak of the American Civil War, Agnus enlisted in the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry, and served with merit, rising to brevet brigadier-general before being mustered out of service. Agnus was then inspector general of the Department of the South and supervised the dismantling of Confederate forts.
After the war, Agnus settled in Baltimore, and worked for the Baltimore American, eventually rising to publish the paper. Charles Fulton, the previous publisher, was his father-in-law, Agnus having married Fulton's daughter Annie on 13 December 1864. As the publisher, Agnus was an original member of the Associated Press, and a prominent citizen in Baltimore. He was offered political positions, including United States Senator and a United States Consul, which he declined. He served on several local and national commissions. Agnus died in 1925. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Brook | Tom Brook | Introduction | Tom Brook | Tom Brook (born 16 June 1953) is a New York-based journalist working primarily for BBC News. He is mainly seen on BBC World News, and also the BBC News Channel. He is the main presenter of its flagship cinema programme Talking Movies. He has presented every episode of the show since it was first broadcast in February 1999. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Brighton_and_Hove | Grade II* listed buildings in Brighton and Hove | Grade II* listed buildings | Grade II* listed buildings in Brighton and Hove / Grade II* listed buildings | There are 72 Grade II* listed buildings in the city of Brighton and Hove, England. The city, on the English Channel coast approximately 52 miles south of London, was formed as a unitary authority in 1997 by the merger of the neighbouring towns of Brighton and Hove. Queen Elizabeth II granted city status in 2000.
In England, a building or structure is defined as "listed" when it is placed on a statutory register of buildings of "special architectural or historic interest" by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, a Government department, in accordance with the Planning Act 1990. English Heritage, a non-departmental public body, acts as an agency of this department to administer the process and advise the department on relevant issues. There are three grades of listing status. Grade I, the highest, is defined as being of "exceptional interest"; Grade II* is used for "particularly important buildings of more than special interest"; and Grade II, the lowest, is used for buildings of "special interest".
Brighton was founded on top of the sea-facing cliffs where the South Downs meet the English Channel. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevo | Vevo | 24-Hour Vevo Record | Vevo / 24-Hour Vevo Record | Vevo is an American multinational video hosting service founded on June 16, 2009, as a joint venture among three major record companies: Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment and EMI. In August 2016, Warner Music Group, the world's third-largest record company, agreed to license premium videos from its artists to Vevo.
Initially, the service hosted only music videos from Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment, syndicated on YouTube and its app, and the advertising revenue was shared by Google and Vevo. EMI also licensed its library of videos to Vevo shortly before its launch and its acquisition by UMG in 2012. Originally, Warner Music Group was reported to be considering hosting its content on the service after it launched, but formed an alliance with rival MTV Networks. In August 2015, Vevo expressed renewed interest in licensing music from WMG and a deal with WMG was completed on August 2, 2016, making the entirety of the "big three" record companies' music available on Vevo.
On May 24, 2018, Vevo announced that it was shutting down its consumer website and removing its app from mobile phone platforms. | The 24-Hour Vevo Record, commonly referred to as the Vevo Record, is the record for the most views a music video associated with Vevo has received within 24 hours of its release. The video that currently holds this record is Taylor Swift's "Me!" with 65.2 million views.
In 2012, Nicki Minaj's "Stupid Hoe" became one of the first Vevo music videos to receive a significant amount of media attention upon its release day, during which it accumulated 4.8 million views. The record has consistently been kept track of by Vevo ever since. Total views of a video are counted from across all of Vevo's platforms, including YouTube, Yahoo! and other syndication partners.
On April 14, 2013, Psy's "Gentleman" unofficially broke the record by reaching 38.4 million views in its first 24 hours. However, this record was not acknowledged by Vevo because it was not associated with them until four days after its release to YouTube. Both the YouTube and Vevo records were eventually eclipsed by Taylor Swift's "Look What You Made Me Do" on August 28, 2017, which gained 43.2 million views in 24 hours.
On December 1, 2018, Ariana Grande's "Thank U, Next" beat Swift's record in Vevo, accumulating 55.4 million views in 24 hours.
Swift then took the award again on April 27, 2019 when her video for "Me!" garnered 65.2 million views in 24 hours.
Taylor Swift is the only artist to break the record three times on her channel. One Direction, Justin Bieber and Miley Cyrus, have all broken the record twice. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Frederick_McDougall | John Frederick McDougall | Introduction | John Frederick McDougall | John Frederick McDougall (1820—1896) was a pastoralist and politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Council. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RVAH-12 | RVAH-12 | Operational history | RVAH-12 / Operational history | RVAH-12 was a Reconnaissance Attack Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established on 1 July 1965 and disestablished on 2 July 1979. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Asilidae_species:_P | List of Asilidae species: P | Genus Prolatiforceps | List of Asilidae species: P / List of Species / Genus Prolatiforceps | This page lists described species of the family Asilidae start with letter P.
A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• Y
• Z | Prolatiforceps fenestella (Martin, 1975)
Prolatiforceps thulia (Martin, 1975) |
en | wit-train-topic-000000093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations | Bangladesh–Ukraine relations | Introduction | Bangladesh–Ukraine relations | Bangladesh–Ukraine relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Ukraine. Ukraine (then known as the Ukrainian SSR) recognized Bangladesh's independence on 24 January 1972. Ahmed Akbar Sobhan chairman of Bashundhara Group is the Honorary Consul General of Ukraine in Bangladesh. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namco | Namco | Origins (1955–1972) | Namco / History / Origins (1955–1972) | Namco Ltd. was a Japanese developer and publisher of arcade and home console video games, originally headquartered in Ōta, Tokyo. Several international divisions were established, including Namco America in Santa Clara, California, Shanghai Namco in mainland China, and Namco Enterprises Asia in Hong Kong.
Namco was founded by Masaya Nakamura as Nakamura Seisakusho on June 1, 1955, beginning as a producer of coin-operated amusement rides for Japanese department store roof gardens, seeing success with making children's rides for the Mitsukoshi chain. Renamed Nakamura Manufacturing in 1959, the company purchased the struggling Japanese division of Atari from Nolan Bushnell in 1974 and began releasing their games in Japan, where they quickly became one of the leading game companies in Asia. The acquisition inspired Namco to produce their own video games in-house, beginning with Gee Bee in 1978. Namco released their first major hit Galaxian a year later, followed by Pac-Man in 1980 — the latter has since become the most successful arcade game of all time and one of the highest-grossing video games of all time. | On June 1, 1955, Japanese businessman Masaya Nakamura founded Nakamura Seisakusho in Tokyo. Nakamura used US$3,000 to purchase two mechanical rocking horse rides and install them in the roof garden of a Yokohama department store. Each day Nakamura cleaned up and repaired the rides if needed, and greeted the mothers of the children that visited. Nakamura also created a "goldfish scooping" game for the same store, however the fish were killed during a typhoon. Nakamura Seisakusho was renamed to Nakamura Manufacturing Company in 1959, and a few years later in the early 1960s Nakamura made a deal with the Mitsukoshi chain to install a children's ride atop their store in Nihonbashi, Tokyo. The ride, named the "Roadaway Race", was a moving mechanical train that proved to be very popular among children, leading Mitsukoshi to request that Nakamura and his company install similar rides for all their stores.
With business doing well, Nakamura Manufacturing began constructing different types of mechanical games. One such game was Periscope in 1965, which Nakamura claimed to be the first he designed himself. A new manufacturing plant was opened up in 1966 so that the company could construct their own mechanical rides; the same year, Nakamura struck a deal with Walt Disney Productions to produce children's rides using the likenesses of their characters. In 1971, Nakamura Manufacturing began releasing games under the name "Namco", an acronym of their name, and began production of several coin-operated electro-mechanical arcade games, such as Racer in 1970 and Formula-X in 1972. Nakamura Manufacturing also created a robotics division, led by Shigeki Toyama, that produced robots for use in entertainment centers and other locations. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_50_metre_rifle_three_positions | Shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 50 metre rifle three positions | Introduction | Shooting at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 50 metre rifle three positions | The Women's 50 metre rifle three positions event at the 2016 Olympic Games took place on 11 August 2016 at the National Shooting Center.
The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final. In the qualifier, each shooter fired 60 shots with a .22 Long Rifle at 50 metres distance. 20 shots were fired each from the standing, kneeling, and prone positions. Scores for each shot were in increments of 1, with a maximum score of 10.
The top 8 shooters in the qualifying round moved on to the final round. There, they fired an additional 20 shots, all from the standing position. These shots scored in increments of .1, with a maximum score of 10.9. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Milenkovich | Stefan Milenkovich | Introduction | Stefan Milenkovich | Stefan Milenkovich (Serbian: Stefan Milenković, Стефан Миленковић; born January 25, 1977) is a Serbian violinist. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Sydney | University of Sydney | Satellite campuses | University of Sydney / Campus / Satellite campuses | The University of Sydney is an Australian public research university in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 1850, it is Australia's first university and is regarded as one of the world's leading universities. The university is known as one of Australia's six sandstone universities. Its campus is ranked in the top 10 of the world's most beautiful universities by the British Daily Telegraph and The Huffington Post, spreading across the inner-city suburbs of Camperdown and Darlington. The university comprises nine faculties and university schools, through which it offers bachelor, master and doctoral degrees.
In 2018–19, the QS World University Rankings ranked Sydney as one of the world's top 25 most reputable universities, and its graduates as the top 5 most employable in the world and first in Australia. It is one of the first universities in the world to admit students solely on academic merit, and opened their doors to women on the same basis as men.
Five Nobel and two Crafoord laureates have been affiliated with the university as graduates and faculty. | Mallett Street campus: The Mallett Street campus is home of the Sydney Nursing School.
Cumberland campus: Formerly an independent institution (the Cumberland College of Health Sciences), the Cumberland campus in the Sydney suburb of Lidcombe was incorporated into the university as part of the higher education reforms of the late 1980s. It is home to the Faculty of Health Sciences, which covers various allied health disciplines, including physiotherapy, speech pathology, radiation therapy, occupational therapy, as well as exercise science and behavioural and social sciences in health.
The Sydney Dental Hospital located in Surry Hills and the Westmead Centre for Oral Health which is attached to Westmead Hospital.
Rozelle Campus: The Sydney College of the Arts (SCA) is based in a former sanitorium in the Sydney suburb of Rozelle, overlooking Port Jackson. The college specialises in the fine (visual) arts.
Sydney Conservatorium of Music: Formerly the NSW State Conservatorium of Music, the Sydney Conservatorium of Music (SCM) is located in the Sydney CBD on the edge of Sydney's Royal Botanic Garden, a short distance from the Sydney Opera House. It became a faculty of the university in the 1990s and incorporates the main campus Department of Music, which was the subject of the documentary Facing the Music.
Camden campus: Located in one of the most rapidly growing peri-urban areas in the country, Sydney's southwest. The Camden campus houses lecture theatres, research institutes, veterinary clinics and research farms for bioscience, environmental science, agriculture and veterinary science.
Sydney CBD Campus: The University of Sydney Business School CBD Campus is located on Castlereagh Street in the heart of Sydney's CBD close to Town Hall station. The CBD Campus is a convenient, central-Sydney location primarily for participants in the business school's two highly reputed programs - Master of Business Administration (MBA) and Master of Management (MMGT). The CBD Campus has been purpose-designed by award-winning design studio Geyer to facilitate transformative management education.
The university also uses a number of other facilities for its teaching activities.
Sydney Medical School has eight clinical schools at its affiliated hospitals, responsible for clinical education at the hospitals.
One Tree Island is an island situated within the World Heritage Site Great Barrier Reef Marine Park about 20 km east-southeast of Heron Island and about 90 km east-northeast of Gladstone on the Queensland coast, and hosts a tropical marine research station of the School of Geosciences.
The IA Watson Grains Research Centre located at Narrabri in north-central New South Wales is a research station of the Faculty of Agriculture and Environment.
The Molonglo Observatory is located in the Australian Capital Territory.
Maningrida is a base camp for scientific expeditions in the Northern Territory.
Arthursleigh is an agricultural estate located near Goulburn. An art studio is located in Paris, France, while the Australian Archaeology Centre is located in Athens, Greece.
Taylors College at Waterloo in Sydney is operated by the university for its Foundation Program, catering to international students wishing to enter the university. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Downham,_Lancashire | Listed buildings in Downham, Lancashire | Buildings | Listed buildings in Downham, Lancashire / Buildings | Downham is a civil parish in Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England. It contains 43 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, three are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Downham and surrounding countryside. Most of the listed buildings are in the village, and include Downham Hall and associated structures, houses and cottages, a church, a public house, a school, milestones, a bridge, and a set of stocks. Outside the village the listed buildings are farmhouses and farm buildings. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_career_of_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar | Military career of Simón Bolívar | The Republic restored and lost | Military career of Simón Bolívar / Exile and the Second Republic (1812-1814) / The Republic restored and lost | The military and political career of Simón Bolívar, which included both formal service in the armies of various revolutionary regimes and actions organized by himself or in collaboration with other exiled patriot leaders during the years from 1811 to 1830, was an important element in the success of the independence wars in South America. Given the unstable political climate during these years, Bolívar and other patriot leaders, such as Santiago Mariño, Manuel Piar, José Francisco Bermúdez and Francisco de Paula Santander often had to go into exile in the Caribbean or nearby areas of Spanish America that at the moment were controlled by those favoring independence, and from there, carry on the struggle. These wars resulted in the creation of several South American states out of the former Spanish colonies, the currently existing Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, and the now defunct Gran Colombia.
In his 21-year career, Bolívar faced two main challenges. First was gaining acceptance as undisputed leader of the republican cause. | Bolívar's push towards Caracas was aided by the fact that the general population, which had welcomed Monteverde a year earlier, had become disillusioned by his failure to implement the terms of the San Mateo Capitulation or the Spanish Constitution of 1812, which the capitulation promised. Monteverde also faced attacks on two fronts, since Santiago Mariño had already opened a front on the east in January 1813. Bolívar's forces easily defeated the overtaxed and underpaid royalist army in a series of battles, entered Caracas on August 6, 1813, and laid siege to Monteverde, who had retreated to Puerto Cabello. In Caracas Bolívar announced the restoration of the Venezuelan Republic, but placed himself at the head of a military government, since the situation did not allow for the restoration of the old authorities or new elections. Bolívar would base his subsequent and enduring claim to be the sole head of the Venezuelan republic and commander-in-chief of its forces on this accomplishment, although even at this time he was not universally acknowledged as head of the state or the republican forces. Mariño, based in Cumaná, did not recognize Bolívar's claim, but did collaborate with him militarily. Reprisals were carried out against Peninsular royalists that were captured. It was during this period that the republican city fathers of Caracas, following the example of Mérida, granted Bolívar the title of Liberator and office of captain general in the Church of San Francisco (the more appropriate site, the Cathedral of Caracas, was still damaged from the 1812 earthquake).
Bolívar and Mariño's success, like Monteverde's a year earlier, was short-lived. The new Republic failed to convince the common people that it was not a tool of the urban elite. Lower-class people, especially the southern, rural llaneros (cowboys), flocked to the royalist cause. Llaneros played a key military role in the region's struggle. Turning the tide against independence, these highly mobile, ferocious fighters made up a formidable military force that pushed Bolívar out of his home country once more. By 1814, the regular royalist army headed by Governor and Captain General Juan Manuel Cajigal was overshadowed by a large, irregular force of llaneros recruited and led by José Tomás Boves. With the royalist irregulars displaying the same passion and violence that Bolívar had demonstrated in his "war to the death" decree, the republicans suffered their first major setback at the Battle of La Puerta on June 15, 1814, and Boves took Caracas on July 16. The republicans and Criollo royalists in Caracas, who also feared Boves's llanero hoards, had to flee en masse to Mariño's strongholds in the east. The combined forces of Mariño's and Bolívar were defeated again at Aragua de Barcelona on August 18, at a cost of 2,000 royalist casualties of the 10,000 troops they fielded, most of the 3,000 combatants in the republican army, in addition to many civilian casualties. Due to their series of repeated reverses both Bolívar and Mariño were arrested and removed from power by José Félix Ribas and Manuel Piar, each representing the two republican commands then in place in Venezuela. A few days later Ribas and Piar decided not to try them and instead released them into exile. On September 8, Bolívar and Mariño set sail for Cartagena de Indias, leaving Piar and Ribas to lead the increasingly encircled republicans. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_City_(Baku) | Old City (Baku) | Gallery | Old City (Baku) / Gallery | Old City or Inner City is the historical core of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. The Old City is the most ancient part of Baku, which is surrounded by walls which were easily defended. In 2007, the Old City had a population of about 3000 people. In December 2000, the Old City of Baku, including the Palace of the Shirvanshahs and Maiden Tower, became the first location in Azerbaijan to be classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Winchell | Alexander Winchell | Introduction | Alexander Winchell | Alexander Winchell (December 31, 1824, in North East, New York – February 19, 1891, in Ann Arbor, Michigan) was a United States geologist who contributed to this field mainly as an educator and a popular lecturer and author. His views on evolution aroused controversy among his contemporaries; today the racism of these views is more cause for comment. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_B._McCandless | Ray B. McCandless | Introduction | Ray B. McCandless | Raymond Beebe McCandless (October 6, 1889 – January 8, 1931) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball, and baseball. He served as the head football coach at Chadron State College in 1919, at Nebraska Wesleyan University from 1920 to 1922, at Bowling Green State Normal School—now known as Bowling Green State University—in 1923, and at Bethany College in Bethany, West Virginia for the 1924 season, and compiling a career college football record of 24–24–4. McCandless was also the head basketball coach at Nebraska Wesleyan from 1920 to 1923, at Bowling Green State Normal during the 1923–24 season, and at Bethany for the 1924–25 season, amassing a career college basketball record of tallying a mark of 60–43. In addition, he was the head baseball coach at Bowling Green State Normal in the spring of 1924, tallying a mark of 2–2–2. McCandless played football at Nebraska Wesleyan. He died on January 8, 1931, in York, Nebraska. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Dumont | Henrique Dumont | Introduction | Henrique Dumont | Henrique Dumont (Diamantina, July 20, 1832 – Rio de Janeiro, August 30, 1892) was an engineer, Brazilian coffee farmer and father of Alberto Santos Dumont. Son of French immigrants, he is considered one of the three kings of the coffee of his time, introducing modern methods in coffee farming. |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosnensky_District | Tosnensky District | Culture and recreation | Tosnensky District / Culture and recreation | Tosnensky District is an administrative and municipal district, one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central southwestern part of the oblast and borders with Kirovsky District in the north, Kirishsky District in the east, Chudovsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the southeast, Novgorodsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the south, Luzhsky District in the southwest, Gatchinsky District in the west, and Pushkinsky and Kolpinsky Districts of the federal city of Saint Petersburg in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,585.4 square kilometers. Its administrative center is the town of Tosno. Population: 83,898; 77,194; 78,500. | The district contains twenty-two cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally eighty-one objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federal monuments include the Maryino Estate of Stroganovs, currently in the village of Andrianovo, and the ensemble of the Forest School in the settlement of Lisino-Korpus.
The only state museum in the district is the Tosnensky District Museum, located in the town of Tosno. |
en | wit-train-topic-000000105 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulc%C3%A1n_Canton | Tulcán Canton | Introduction | Tulcán Canton | Tulcán Canton is a canton of Ecuador, located in Carchi Province. Its capital is the city of Tulcán. The population of the canton in the 2001 census was 77,175 and 86,498 in the 2010 census. The area of the canton is 1,801 square kilometres (695 sq mi).
Most of the population of the canton is in the Andes, especially in the city and surroundings of Tulcán, but the land area stretches into the Andes foothills to the west. Tulcan has the highest elevation of any city in Ecuador, 2,950 metres (9,680 ft) above sea level. The northern limit of the canton is the border with Colombia with the most important land passage between the two countries at Rumichaca Bridge.
The canton is sub-divided into ten parishes: El Carmelo (El Pun), El Chical, Julio Andrade (Orejuela), Maldonado, Pioter, Santa Martha de Cuba, Tobar Donoso (La Bocana de Camumbi), Tufiño, Tulcán, and Urbina (Taya). |
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en | wit-train-topic-000000106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Norfolk,_Virginia | National Register of Historic Places listings in Norfolk, Virginia | Current listings | National Register of Historic Places listings in Norfolk, Virginia / Current listings | This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Norfolk, Virginia.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in the independent city of Norfolk, Virginia, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map.
There are 60 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the city. Another 3 properties were once listed but have been removed.
This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted May 29, 2020. | |
en | wit-train-topic-000000107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllodesmium_tuberculatum | Phyllodesmium tuberculatum | Introduction | Phyllodesmium tuberculatum | Phyllodesmium tuberculatum is a species of sea slug, an aeolid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae. |
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