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en

wit-train-topic-005272606

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_Defiance_Zoo_%26_Aquarium

Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium

Introduction

Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium

The Point Defiance Zoo & Aquarium (PDZA) is a combined zoo, aquarium, and botanical garden located in Tacoma, Washington, US, owned by Metro Parks Tacoma. Situated on 29 acres (12 ha) in Tacoma's Point Defiance Park, the zoo and aquarium are home to over 9,000 specimens representing 367 animal species. The zoo was founded in 1905; the aquarium was founded in 1935 near Commencement Bay and relocated within the zoo in 1963. Both are accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums.

en

wit-train-topic-005272610

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crivitz_station

Crivitz station

Introduction

Crivitz station

Crivitz station is a railway station in the municipality of Crivitz, located in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

en

wit-train-topic-005272611

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammannia_gracilis

Ammannia gracilis

Introduction

Ammannia gracilis

Ammannia gracilis is a species of flowering plant in the family Lythraceae. It is native to Africa. This aquatic plant has a branching, prostrate stem that roots at the nodes. The blunt-tipped, lance-shaped leaves are roughly a centimeter long. The small flowers have four purple petals and either 4 or 8 stamens. The flowers occur in small clusters.

en

wit-train-topic-005272615

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_Ville_Platte

Bank of Ville Platte

Introduction

Bank of Ville Platte

The Bank of Ville Platte, also known as La Banc de la Ville Platte, is a historic bank building located at 102 West Main Street in Ville Platte in Evangeline Parish, Louisiana. Built in 1907, it is a one-story masonry building prominent on a corner of two main streets in Ville Platte, which became the parish seat when Evangeline Parish separated from St. Landry Parish in 1910. It is designed to face with presentable facades onto both streets. It has Italianate treatments at its windows and doorways. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 12, 2005.

en

wit-train-topic-005272616

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_R._McConkie

Bruce R. McConkie

Call to the Seventy

Bruce R. McConkie / Call to the Seventy

Bruce Redd McConkie was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1972 until his death. McConkie was a member of the First Council of the Seventy of the LDS Church from 1946 until his calling to the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. During his service as a general authority, McConkie published several doctrinal books and articles and wrote the chapter headings of the LDS Church's 1979–81 editions of the standard works. McConkie received a Bachelor of Arts and Juris Doctor from the University of Utah. He spent his childhood between Monticello, Utah; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Ann Arbor, Michigan. In 1937, he married Amelia Smith, a daughter of Joseph Fielding Smith, who would later become LDS Church president.

McConkie worked for a time as a reporter for the Deseret News. While covering the proceedings of LDS general conference on October 6, 1946, McConkie was interviewed by apostle David O. McKay to fill a vacancy in the First Council of the Seventy created by the death of John H. Taylor. McConkie's name was presented for a sustaining vote by the membership of the church that same day, and on October 10, he was ordained and set apart by George Albert Smith. He served as a member of the First Council of the Seventy for 26 years. On June 11, 1961, McConkie was ordained a high priest by Henry D. Moyle of the church's First Presidency. This was necessary because of a new policy requiring the First Seven Presidents of Seventy to assist the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in setting apart stake presidents, stake high councilors, and bishops.

en

wit-train-topic-005272617

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniela_Kluckert

Daniela Kluckert

Introduction

Daniela Kluckert

Daniela Kluckert (born 22 December 1980) is a German politician. Born in Nürnberg, Bavaria, she represents the Free Democratic Party (FDP). Daniela Kluckert has served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Berlin since 2017.

en

wit-train-topic-005272620

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia

Nubia

Egypt in Nubia

Nubia / History / 1550-750 BCE: Kerma; Egyptian Empire / Egypt in Nubia

Nubia is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between the first cataract of the Nile and the confluence of the blue and white Niles or, more strictly, Al Dabbah. It was the seat of one of the earliest civilizations of ancient Africa, as the Kerma culture lasted from around 2500 BC until its conquest by the New Kingdom of Egypt under pharaoh Thutmose I around 1500 BC. Nubia was home to several empires, most prominently the kingdom of Kush, which conquered Egypt during the 8th century BC during the reign of Piye and ruled the country as its Twenty-fifth Dynasty. The collapse of Kush, in the 4th century AD after more than a thousand years of existence, was precipitated by an invasion by Ethiopia's Kingdom of Aksum and saw the rise of three Christian kingdoms, Nobatia, Makuria and Alodia. Makuria and Alodia also lasted for roughly a millennium. Their eventual decline initiated not only the partition of Nubia into the northern half conquered by the Ottomans and the southern half by the Sennar sultanate in the 16th century, but also a rapid Islamization and partial Arabization of the Nubian people. Nubia was again united with the Khedivate of Egypt in the 19th century.

After the Theban 17th dynasty New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1532–1070 BC) expelled the Canaanite Hyksos from Egypt, they turned their imperial ambitions to Nubia. By the end of the reign of Thutmose I (1520 BC), all of Lower Nubia had been annexed. After a long campaign, Egypt also conquered its formidable enemy, the Kingdom of Kerma in Upper Nubia, for the first time and held both areas until 1070 BCE. The Egyptians destroyed Kerma's kingdom and capital and expanded the Egyptian empire to the Fourth Cataract. The Egyptians built a new administrative center at Napata, and used the area to produce gold and incense. The Nubian gold production made Egypt a prime source of the precious metal in the Middle East. The primitive working conditions for the slaves are recorded by Diodorus Siculus, who saw some of the mines at a later time. One of the oldest maps known is of a gold mine in Nubia, the Turin Papyrus Map dating to about 1160 BC; this map is also one of the earliest characterized road maps in existence. Nubians were an integral part of New Kingdom Egyptian society. Some scholars state that Nubians were included in the Egyptian 18th dynasty royal family. Ahmose-Nefertari was thought by some scholars such as Flinders Petrie to be of Nubian origin because she is most often depicted with black skin. However, scholars such as Joyce Tyldesley, Sigrid Hodel-Hoenes, and Graciela Gestoso Singer, argued that her skin color is indicative of her role as a goddess of resurrection, since black is both the color of the fertile land of Egypt and that of the underworld. In 1098-1088 BCE, Thebes was "the scene of a civil war-like conflict between the High Priest of Amun of Thebes Amenhotep and the Viceroy of Kush Panehesy (= the Nubian)." Thebes was chaotic and there were great tomb robberies. Instead of sending soldiers to restore order, Ramesses XI put Panehesy in control of that area's military and appointed him Director of Granaries." Panehesy stationed his troops in Thebes to protect the city from thieves, but it resembled a military occupation of Thebes to the High Priest. This put Panehesy at odds with the High Priest and later led to the Civil war in Thebes. By 1082 BCE, Ramesses XI finally sent help to the High Priest. Panehesy continued his revolt and the city of Thebes suffered from "war, famine, and plunderings.". Panehesy had some initial success and the High Priest fled Thebes. Panehesy pursued the High Priest, as far as Middle Egypt before Egyptian forces pushed Panehesy and his troops out of Egypt and into Lower Nubia. Ramesses sent new leadership to Thebes, with Herihor being named the new High Priest of Thebes (and effectively King of Southern Egypt) and Paiankh being named the new Viceroy of Kush. Paiankh recaptured former Egyptian holdings in Lower Nubia as far as the second Nile cataract, but could not defeat Panehesy in Lower Nubia. Panehesy ruled in Lower Nubia until his death. Herihor's descendants became Egypt's 21st and 22nd dynasties.

en

wit-train-topic-005272623

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snaefell_Mountain_Railway

Snaefell Mountain Railway

Introduction

Snaefell Mountain Railway

The Snaefell Mountain Railway (Manx: Raad-Yiarn Sniaull) is an electric mountain railway on the Isle of Man in Europe. It joins the village of Laxey with the summit of Snaefell, at 2,036 feet (621 m) above sea level the highest point on the island. It connects with the Manx Electric Railway (MER) in Laxey. The line is 5 miles (8 km) long, is built to 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge and uses a Fell Incline Railway System centre rail for braking on the steep gradients. It is electrified using overhead wires at 550 volts direct current, with bow collectors.

en

wit-train-topic-005272624

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shwe_yin_aye

Shwe yin aye

Introduction

Shwe yin aye

Shwe yin aye (Burmese: ရွှေရင်အေး; [ʃwèjɪ̀ɴʔé]) is a traditional Burmese dessert commonly associated with the Thingyan season. The dessert is served cold, and consists of sweetened sticky rice, sago pearls, pandan jelly noodles (cendol), and cubes of kyaukkyaw, coconut jelly, and a slice of white bread steeped in a concoction of sweetened coconut milk.

en

wit-train-topic-005272626

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana

Svetlana

Introduction

Svetlana

Svetlana (Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian Cyrillic: Светлана; Belarusian: Святлана, romanized: Sviatlana; Ukrainian: Світлана, romanized: Svitlana) is a common Orthodox Slavic female name, deriving from the East and South Slavic root svet (Cyrillic: свет), which translates into English as "light", "shining", "luminescent", "pure", "blessed", or "holy", depending upon context similar if not the same as the word Shweta in Sanskrit. The name was coined by Alexander Vostokov and popularized by Vasily Zhukovsky in his eponymous ballad "Svetlana", first published in 1813. The name is also used in Ukraine, Belarus, Slovakia, and Serbia, with a number of occurrences in non-Slavic countries. In the Russian Orthodox Church Svetlana is used as a Russian translation of Photina (derived from phos (Greek: φως, "light")), a name sometimes ascribed to the Samaritan woman at Jacob's well (the Bible, John 4). Semantically, similar names to this are Lucia (of Latin origin, meaning "light"), Claire ("light" or "clear" in French, equivalent to Spanish Clara), Roxana (from Old Persian, "little shiny star, light"), and Shweta (Sanskrit, "white, pure").

en

wit-train-topic-005272627

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcantarilha

Alcantarilha

History

Alcantarilha / History

Alcantarilha is a former civil parish in the municipality of Silves, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Alcantarilha e Pêra. With an area of 19.54 square kilometres the population of 2347 inhabitants is dispersed throughout the territory.

The territory of Silves has been occupied since the Paleolithic, and testaments of human presence in Alcantarilha can be traced back to the fossil beaches in Torre and Morgado das Relvas, along the coast. The first settlement in Alcantarilha, developed during the pre-Roman era. The primitive agglomeration concentrated around a defensible area at the end of the settlement. From the inventory by the Direcção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais (General-Directorate on Buildings and National Monuments), this settlement consisted of a Lusitanian castro bridging the Neolithic and Chalcolithic eras. This space was also a transit point for Phoenicians, Greek and Carthaginian traders. The name Alcantarilha appears to have its origin in Arab settlement/occupation, from the word al-quanTarâ, which meant bridge, viaduct or aqueduct, while the addition of the diminutive ilha implied a Roman or Mozarab influence, to indicate "small bridge". During the Middle Ages, and beginning of the modern era, little is known about the activities of the communities of Alcantarilha, except for activities related with the defense of the Algarve coast and rare descriptions of the settlement in the 16th century. The oldest description came from 1573, and reflected by João Cascão, King Sebastian's personal chronicler, who accompanied the king through the Algarve to survey the defenses along the coast. The monarch had ordered the completion of the walls of Alcantarilha in 1571, which were part of a project began in the reign of John III. King Sebastian visited on 28 January 1573 for a short visit, to find the project completed. João Cascão left behind a historical account, on the small "hamlet" of Alcantarilha, that included 150 neighbours and completely encircled by a wall of bulwarks. For a while the civil parish oscillated between two parish seats: Pêra and Armação de Pêra. Until 1683, Pera (the parish seat) was linked to Alcantarilha, when bishop José de Menezes de-annexed the community, and included it in the municipality of Albufeira. Armação de Pêra, therefore, became the new parish seat until 1933, when Armação de Pêra also achieved territorial autonomy, and was de-annexed from Alcantarilha, to form its own parish. On 4 February 1999, PS deputy Jorge Valente (elected in the Algarve) brought before the National Assembly a petition to formally elevate the urban seat of Alcantarilha to the status of vila (town). This project was approved in plenary on 13 May 1999, and proclaimed on 1 November 1999.

en

wit-train-topic-005272628

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangrecita

Sangrecita

Introduction

Sangrecita

Sangrecita is a Peruvian cuisine dish of chicken blood. It is seasoned with garlic, onion, chili pepper, herbs and prepared with baked potatoes, fried sweet potatoes or cassava.

en

wit-train-topic-005272629

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Battie

William Battie

Introduction

William Battie

William Battie (sometimes spelt Batty; 1 September 1703 – 13 June 1776, was an English physician who published in 1758 the first lengthy book on the treatment of mental illness, A Treatise on Madness, and by extending methods of treatment to the poor as well as the affluent, helped raise psychiatry to a respectable specialty. He was President of the Royal College of Physicians in 1764.

en

wit-train-topic-005272632

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_of_Arlington_Memorial_Bridge

Construction of Arlington Memorial Bridge

Genesis and over-arching design of the Arlington Memorial Bridge

Construction of Arlington Memorial Bridge / Genesis and over-arching design of the Arlington Memorial Bridge

The construction of Arlington Memorial Bridge was a seven-year construction project in Washington, D.C., in the United States to construct the Arlington Memorial Bridge across the Potomac River. The bridge was authorized by Congress in February 1925, and was completed in January 1932. As a memorial, its decorative features were extensive and intricate, and resolving the design issues over these details took many years. Tall columns and pylons topped by statuary, Greek Revival temple-like structures, and statue groups were proposed for the ends of the bridge. Carvings and inscriptions were planned for the sides of the bridge, and extensive statuary for the bridge piers. The bridge itself took far longer than the anticipated two years. Problems were encountered in building the foundations, accidents occurred, and the construction of the bascule span was complex and lengthy. Even though the bridge was finished by January 1932, construction of the termini and completion of the memorial details took another six years. Budget problems created in part by the Great Depression meant that portions of the bridge project were never completed.

Congress first proposed a bridge at the site of the current Arlington Memorial Bridge on May 24, 1886. Numerous designs were suggested from official and unofficial sources, but no design was acceptable. On March 4, 1913, Congress enacted the Public Buildings Act which, among other things, created and funded an Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission (AMBC) whose purpose was to settle on a design for the bridge and report back to Congress. But Congress appropriated no money for the commission's operation due to the onset of World War I, and it remained inactive. In the wake of a major traffic jam on the Highway Bridge during the dedication of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Congress appropriated $25,000 on June 12, 1922, to fund the work of the bridge commission. In December 1922, the Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission held a joint meeting with the United States Commission of Fine Arts (CFA). The two agencies agreed to build a bridge from the west end of the National Mall to Arlington National Cemetery. The parties also agreed to seek to construct a low (rather than monumental) bridge with a bascule (drawbridge) in the center to permit ship traffic to reach the Georgetown waterfront. The AMBC chose the architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White to design the bridge. Architect William Mitchell Kendall was the lead designer. Kendall's first design was submitted to the CFA in May 1923, and the basic bridge design—which included eastern and western approaches, a design for Columbia Island, a treatment for the main entrance at Arlington National Cemetery, and more—was given approval in late 1923. Congress enacted legislation in early 1925 authorizing the AMBC to construct the bridge. Legal issues regarding the bridge commission's authority to issue contracts were resolved in early 1927, allowing construction to proceed. The goal was to construct a bridge from the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. across the Potomac River to Virginia, aligned with a new main gate at Arlington National Cemetery. The bridge was also to be memorial in nature, celebrating the unification of the country in the wake of the American Civil War, and thus was to have memorial features such as sculptural elements and grand approaches. The United States Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) had legal authority to approve the design and architectural style of the bridge. However, the United States Army Corps of Engineers had legal authority over the construction of public works in the District of Columbia. These two bodies agreed in late 1923 to construct a nine-span, 2,138-foot (652 m) long drawbridge made of steel and reinforced concrete faced in white granite. The bridge required four abutments, one on each shoreline and one on either side of the draw (or bascule) span. The abutments had to be erected on bedrock. The bridge was relatively low to the water, which meant the roadway would be only 43 feet (13 m) and the underside of each span just 10 feet (3.0 m) above the low-water mark. The spans in the bridge sloped downward 12 feet (3.7 m), and all engines, gears, lookout stations, bridge tenders' houses, and other drawbridge equipment were as far out of sight below deck as possible. The spans varied in width from 166 feet (51 m) near the shore to 184 feet (56 m) at the draw span. The roadway was 60 feet (18 m) in width, and sidewalks (each 15 feet (4.6 m) in width) ran down each side of the bridge. A balustrade, 4,276 feet (1,303 m) long, was also planned. The balustrade was solid over the piers and abutments but turned spindles over the spans to permit maximum views of the river by motorists using the bridge. Initially, there was little concern that the bridge's construction would be lengthy. Major Joseph Mehaffey of the Army Corps of Engineers stated in November 1925 that it would take two years to construct the abutments, two years to build the spans, and a year to erect the draw or bascule.

en

wit-train-topic-005272635

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claremont,_Jamaica

Claremont, Jamaica

Introduction

Claremont, Jamaica

Claremont is a town in Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica. The district of Claremont was first called "Finger Post" until it was renamed in honour of the first house built there, "Clermont House". The countryside around the town has for centuries been home to the wealthy landed gentry, and still today is dotted with estate houses. The wealth associated with the area is seen in the architecture and plan of the town; the shops of Claremont High Street exhibit fine architectural detail and finishing. The town clock was presented to Claremont in 1915 by Tom Dobson Esq. of Carton Pen.

en

wit-train-topic-005272638

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Bhasha_Parishad

Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad

Introduction

Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad

Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad, a Kolkata based literary organization was founded on 1975 by Sitaram Seksaria and Bhagirat H Kanodia with the aim of promoting Indian languages. It works for the development of Indian literature through publication of books on literature and implementation of various literary projects. It honors Indian writers for the contribution to Indian literature through their respective languages. The award consists of cash prize 1 lakh, a memento and a shawl.

en

wit-train-topic-005272640

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinagat_bushy-tailed_cloud_rat

Dinagat bushy-tailed cloud rat

Introduction

Dinagat bushy-tailed cloud rat

The Dinagat bushy-tailed cloud rat, Dinagat crateromys or Dinagat cloud rat (Crateromys australis) is a species of cloud rat in the family Muridae. It is one of the eight cloud rats found only in the Philippines, and is specifically endemic to Dinagat Island. It is known locally as hawili. A single specimen was discovered in 1975 by Dioscoro S. Rabor and his team during a scientific survey in Dinagat. The natural habitat is tropical lowland forests, which is facing environmental threats. Habitat loss is caused by progressive deforestation from heavy logging and chromite mining in the area. Almost 40 years after the original discovery, five live specimens were discovered by Milada Řeháková, Václav Řehák and William L.R. Oliver, in 2012.

en

wit-train-topic-005272641

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Han_dynasty

History of the Han dynasty

Court, kinsmen, and consort clans

History of the Han dynasty / Restoration of the Han / Court, kinsmen, and consort clans

The Han dynasty, founded by the peasant rebel leader Liu Bang, was the second imperial dynasty of China. It followed the Qin dynasty, which had unified the Warring States of China by conquest. Interrupted briefly by the Xin dynasty of Wang Mang, the Han dynasty is divided into two periods: the Western Han and the Eastern Han. These appellations are derived from the locations of the capital cities Chang'an and Luoyang, respectively. The third and final capital of the dynasty was Xuchang, where the court moved in 196 CE during a period of political turmoil and civil war. The Han dynasty ruled in an era of Chinese cultural consolidation, political experimentation, relative economic prosperity and maturity, and great technological advances. There was unprecedented territorial expansion and exploration initiated by struggles with non-Chinese peoples, especially the nomadic Xiongnu of the Eurasian Steppe. The Han emperors were initially forced to acknowledge the rival Xiongnu Chanyus as their equals, yet in reality the Han was an inferior partner in a tributary and royal marriage alliance known as heqin.

Besides his divorcing Guo Shengtong in 41 CE to install his original wife Empress Yin Lihua as empress instead, there was little drama with imperial kinsmen at Guangwu's court, as Empress Guo was made a queen dowager and her son, the former heir apparent, was demoted to the status of a king. However, trouble with imperial kinsmen turned violent during Ming's reign. In addition to exiling his half-brother Liu Ying (d. 71 CE, committed suicide) after Liu Ying allegedly used witchcraft to curse him, Emperor Ming also targeted hundreds of others with similar charges (of using occult omens and witchcraft) resulting in exile, torture for gaining confessions, and execution. This trend of persecution did not end until Emperor Zhang took the throne, who was for the most part generous towards his brothers and called back many to the capital who had been exiled by Ming. Of greater consequence for the dynasty, however, was Emperor He's coup of 92 CE in which eunuchs made their first significant involvement in court politics of Eastern Han. Emperor Zhang had upheld a good relationship with his titular mother and Ming's widow, the humble Empress Dowager Ma (d. 79 CE), but Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 CE), the widow of Emperor Zhang, was overbearing towards Emperor He (son of Emperor Zhang and Consort Liang) in his early reign and, concealing the identity of his natural mother from him, raised He as her own after purging the Liang family from power. In order to put He on the throne, Empress Dowager Dou had even demoted the crown prince Liu Qing (78–106 CE) as a king and forced his mother, Consort Song (d. 82 CE) to commit suicide. Unwilling to yield his power to the Dou clan any longer, Emperor He enlisted the aid of palace eunuchs led by Zheng Zhong (d. 107 CE) to overthrow the Dou clan on charges of treason, stripping them of titles, exiling them, forcing many to commit suicide, and had the Empress Dowager placed under house arrest.

en

wit-train-topic-005272642

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Zoo_and_Aquarium

Columbus Zoo and Aquarium

Mangels-Illions Carousel

Columbus Zoo and Aquarium / Other attractions / Mangels-Illions Carousel

The Columbus Zoo and Aquarium is a non-profit zoo located near Powell in Liberty Township, Delaware County, Ohio, United States, north of the city of Columbus. The land lies along the eastern banks of the O'Shaughnessy Reservoir on the Scioto River, at the intersection of Riverside Drive and Powell Road. It has a worldwide reputation, largely attributable to the efforts and promotion of director emeritus Jack Hanna. In 2009, it was named by the USA Travel Guide as the number one zoo in the United States. It was also ranked number one best zoo in 2012 by Besties Readers Choice. The Columbus Zoo is home to more than 7,000 animals representing over 800 species and sees over 2.3 million visitors annually. The animal exhibits are divided into regions of the world, with the zoo currently operating eight such regions. In addition the zoo owns an 18-hole golf course, known as the Safari Golf Club which encompasses 56.656 hectares. The zoo also owns Zoombezi Bay which encompasses 9.187 hectares. In total, the zoo owns 234 hectares of land, with 164.424 hectares dedicated to the zoo itself.

In the spring of 2000, the zoo added its restored 1914 Mangels-Illions carousel. This carousel had originally been built for the former Olentangy Park in Clintonville. When the park closed in 1938, the carousel was moved to Wyandot Lake where it continued operating for sixty years, though in deteriorating condition. In 1999, the carousel was removed from Wyandot Lake and underwent a million dollar restoration before being moved to a new location at the zoo. With 52 hand carved horses, 2 chariots, and a Wurlitzer #153 band organ (which plays upon request), this rare "grand carousel" in the Coney Island style is one of only a few manufactured by the William F. Mangels Company with wooden horses carved by M. C. Illions and Sons Carousell Works, and is thus known as a Mangels-Illions carousel. It was ridden 42,000 times in its first month of operation at the zoo, and celebrated its one millionth rider on July 28, 2004.

en

wit-train-topic-005272643

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Waylanders

The Waylanders

Introduction

The Waylanders

The Waylanders is an upcoming role-playing video game developed by Spanish team Gato Studio. It is planned to be released for Microsoft Windows in 2020. The game is played from a third-person perspective that can be shifted to a top-down perspective.

en

wit-train-topic-005272645

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispatch_(sternwheeler)

Dispatch (sternwheeler)

Introduction

Dispatch (sternwheeler)

Dispatch was a sternwheel steamboat that was operated on the Coquille River on the southern Oregon coast from 1903 to 1920. The name of this vessel is sometimes seen spelled Despatch. This sternwheeler should not be confused with an earlier and somewhat smaller sternwheeler, also named Dispatch, that was built at Bandon, Oregon, in 1890, for which the 1903 Dispatch was a replacement.

en

wit-train-topic-005272646

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trying_to_Trash_Betsy_DeVos

Trying to Trash Betsy DeVos

Description

Trying to Trash Betsy DeVos / Description

Trying to Trash Betsy DeVos is a political cartoon by Glenn McCoy published on 13 February 2017. The cartoon centrally depicts Betsy DeVos, the United States Secretary of Education in the Trump Administration. The political cartoon is thematically based on the 1964 painting The Problem We All Live With by Norman Rockwell, and attracted critical commentary in mainstream media.

The cartoon depicts a small version of DeVos walking and surrounded by large men in suits, who are possibly guards. The remains of a thrown tomato can also be seen. The word "CONSERVATiVE" is scrawled on the background wall in graffiti in addition to an anarchy symbol. The abbreviation for the National Education Association is also written on the lefthand side.

en

wit-train-topic-005272648

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky_Steamboat

Ricky Steamboat

Later appearances and WWE Ambassador (2010–present)

Ricky Steamboat / Professional wrestling career / Second return to WWE / Later appearances and WWE Ambassador (2010–present)

Richard Henry Blood Sr., better known by his ring name Ricky "The Dragon" Steamboat, is an American retired professional wrestler best known for his work with the American Wrestling Association, Jim Crockett Promotions, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation. In JCP and WCW, he was a one-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion, a four-time United States Heavyweight Champion, a four-time World Television Champion, a twelve-time World Tag Team Champion and a two-time Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Champion. In the WWF/E, Steamboat was a one-time Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2009.

On June 28, 2010, he returned to WWE Raw to promote his new DVD only to be attacked and injured by The Nexus. On WWE's website the following day, it was announced that in storyline, Steamboat suffered injuries from the attack. However, on July 1 WWE's website announced that the prior night, Steamboat felt legitimate pain in his neck and shoulders and as a result, was now legitimately hospitalized. This caused WWE to take down any storyline information related to that attack. Steamboat worked as an NXT trainer and in the talent relations department with Triple H until the developmental release of his son, Richie Steamboat, in 2013. He later moved on to being an Ambassador. On the February 25, 2019 episode of WWE Raw, Steamboat along with special guests Shawn Michaels, Kurt Angle and Sting appeared during the main event segment to celebrate the 70th birthday of Ric Flair. However, Flair would be attacked by Batista instead of appearing on screen.

en

wit-train-topic-005272650

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amblema_plicata

Amblema plicata

Introduction

Amblema plicata

Amblema plicata, common name the threeridge, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

en

wit-train-topic-005272651

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Girl_in_the_Dark

The Girl in the Dark

Introduction

The Girl in the Dark

The Girl in the Dark is a 1918 American silent mystery film directed by Stuart Paton. The script was written by Albert Kenyon, based on the 1914 novel The Green Seal by Charles Edmonds Walk.

en

wit-train-topic-005272654

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shroud

Shroud

Introduction

Shroud

Shroud usually refers to an item, such as a cloth, that covers or protects some other object. The term is most often used in reference to burial sheets, mound shroud, grave clothes, winding-cloths or winding-sheets, such as the famous Shroud of Turin or Tachrichim (burial shrouds) that Jews are dressed in for burial. Traditionally, mound shrouds are made of white cotton, wool or linen, though any material can be used so long as it is made of natural fibre. Intermixture of two or more such fibres is forbidden, a proscription that ultimately derives from the Torah, viz., Deut. 22:11. A traditional Orthodox Jewish shroud consists of a tunic; a hood; pants that are extra-long and sewn shut at the bottom, so that separate foot coverings are not required; and a belt, which is tied in a knot shaped like the Hebrew letter shin, mnemonic of one of God's names, Shaddai. Early shrouds incorporated a cloth, the sudarium, that covered the face, as depicted in traditional artistic representations of the entombed Jesus or His friend, Lazarus (John 11, q.v.). An especially pious man may next be enwrapped in either his kittel or his tallit, one tassel of which is defaced to render the garment ritually unfit, symbolizing the fact that the decedent is free from the stringent requirements of the 613 mitzvot (commandments). The shrouded body is wrapped in a winding sheet, termed a sovev in Hebrew (a cognate of svivon, the spinning Hanukkah toy that is familiar under its Yiddish name, dreidel), before being placed either in a plain coffin of soft wood (where required by governing health codes) or directly in the earth. Croesus-rich or dirt-poor, every Orthodox Jew is dressed to face the Almighty on the same terms. The Early Christian Church also strongly encouraged the use of winding-sheets, except for monarchs and bishops. The rich were wrapped in cerecloths, which are fine fabrics soaked or painted in wax to hold the fabric close to the flesh. An account of the opening of the coffin of Edward I says that the "innermost covering seems to have been a very fine linen cerecloth, dressed close to every part of the body". Their use was general until at least the Renaissance – clothes were very expensive, and they had the advantage that a good set of clothes was not lost to the family. In Europe in the Middle Ages, coarse linen shrouds were used to bury most poor without a coffin. In poetry shrouds have been described as of sable, and they were later embroidered in black, becoming more elaborate and cut like shirts or shifts. Orthodox Christians still use a burial shroud, usually decorated with a cross and the Trisagion. The special shroud that is used during the Orthodox Holy Week services is called an Epitaphios. Some Catholics also use the burial shroud particularly the Eastern Catholics and traditionalist Roman Catholics. Muslims as well use burial shrouds that are made of white cotton or linen. The Burying in Woollen Acts 1666–80 in England were meant to support the production of woollen cloth.

en

wit-train-topic-005272655

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeze_Domain

Zeze Domain

Introduction

Zeze Domain

The Zeze Domain (膳所藩 Zeze-han) was a feudal domain in Japan during the Edo period. It was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu as a reward to Toda Kazuaki, whom he transferred from a 5,000 koku territory in Musashi Province to this 30,000 koku domain in Ōmi Province. The domain government had its headquarters at Zeze Castle in what is now the city of Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture. At its peak, it had a rating of 70,000 koku. It continued throughout the Edo period until the 1871 abolition of the han system.

en

wit-train-topic-005272658

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Nilsson

Johnny Nilsson

Introduction

Johnny Nilsson

John "Johnny" Nilsson (8 July 1875 – 3 December 1955) was an American amateur and professional speed skater primarily active during the late 1890s and the first decade of the 20th century. Johnny Nilsson, during his active career as a speed skater, made his home in Minneapolis. Outside of speed skating he was also a fine oarsman, paddler, sprinter, gymnast, tumbler, boxer and wrestler. Nilsson died in Tujunga, California at an age of 80.

en

wit-train-topic-005272659

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%C3%AFd_Business_School

Saïd Business School

Degree programmes

Saïd Business School / Degree programmes

Saïd Business School is the business school of the University of Oxford, named after Syrian-Saudi billionaire Wafic Saïd. It is part of Oxford's Social Sciences Division. Oxford Saïd is the University of Oxford's centre of learning for undergraduate and graduate students in business, management and finance. Undergraduates are also taught as part of the Economics and Management course together with the Economics Department. The school of management was re-branded as Saïd Business School in 1996. It is named after its chief benefactor, Syrian-Saudi Arabian billionaire Wafic Saïd, arms dealer, political fixer, businessman and philanthropist, who has donated £70 million to date. The current dean is Peter Tufano. Previous deans were Professor Colin Mayer, Professor Anthony Hopwood and Professor John Kay.

Saïd Business School's main degree programmes are its one-year full-time MBA programme, 21-month modular Executive MBA programme, the DPhil or PhD Programme in Management Studies, the MSc in Financial Economics in cooperation with the Economics Department, the two-year MSc in Major Programme Management and the one-year MSc in Law and Finance (MLF) in conjunction with the Oxford Law Faculty.

en

wit-train-topic-005272661

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocquigny,_Ardennes

Rocquigny, Ardennes

Introduction

Rocquigny, Ardennes

Rocquigny is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.

en

wit-train-topic-005272662

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaners

Afrikaners

Post-apartheid era

Afrikaners / Modern history / Post-apartheid era

Afrikaners are a Southern African ethnic group descended from predominantly Dutch settlers first arriving at the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th and 18th centuries. They traditionally dominated South Africa's politics and commercial agricultural sector prior to 1994.Afrikaans, South Africa's third most widely spoken home language, evolved as the mother tongue of Cape Coloureds. It originated from the Dutch vernacular of South Holland, incorporating words brought from the Dutch East Indies and Madagascar by slaves. Afrikaners make up approximately 5.2% of the total South African population based on the number of white South Africans who speak Afrikaans as a first language in the South African National Census of 2011. The arrival of Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama at Calicut in 1498 opened a gateway of free access to Asia from Western Europe around the Cape of Good Hope; however, it also necessitated the founding and safeguarding of trade stations in the East. The Portuguese landed in Mossel Bay in 1500, explored Table Bay two years later, and by 1510 had started raiding inland.

Efforts are being made by some Afrikaners to secure minority rights. Protection of minority rights is fundamental to the new 1996 post-apartheid Constitution of South Africa. These efforts include the Volkstaat movement. In contrast, a handful of Afrikaners have joined the ruling African National Congress party, which is overwhelmingly supported by South Africa's Black majority. To right decades of discrimination, Employment Equity legislation favours employment of Black (African, Indian, Chinese and Coloured population groups, White women, disabled people) South Africans over White men. Black Economic Empowerment legislation further favours Blacks as the government considers ownership, employment, training and social responsibility initiatives which empower Black South Africans as important criteria when awarding tenders. However, private enterprise adheres to this legislation voluntarily. Some reports indicate a growing number of Whites living in poverty compared to the apartheid era, and attribute this change to such laws. In 2006 some 350,000 Afrikaners were classified as poor, with some research claiming that up to 150,000 were struggling to survive. This decline among them, combined with a wave of violent crime, has led to many Afrikaners and English-speaking South Africans leaving the country. In the early 2000s, Genocide Watch theorised that farm attacks constituted early warning signs of genocide against Afrikaners. It criticised the South African government for its inaction on the issue, noting that, since 1991, "ethno-European farmers" (which included non-Afrikaner farmers of European race in their report) were being murdered at a rate four times higher than that of the general South African population. As of the 1996 census, 68,606 out of the 749,637 people in the agriculture and hunting sector were white. Since 1994, close to 3,000 farmers have been murdered in thousands of farm attacks.

en

wit-train-topic-005272663

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Highway_22

Oklahoma State Highway 22

Introduction

Oklahoma State Highway 22

State Highway 22 (abbreviated SH-22) is a state highway in Oklahoma. It runs in a 47.4-mile (76.3 km) west-to-east pattern through the south-central part of the state, running from SH-1 at Ravia to US-70 at Bokchito. There are no letter-suffixed spur highways branching from SH-22. The SH-22 designation was first established on August 4, 1924. From its original termini of Davis and Durant, the route was extended to both the east and the west, reaching its greatest extent in 1933, connecting Duncan to the Texas state line at the Red River. In 1941, the portion of SH-22 west of Ravia was dropped, and the highway's eastern terminus was set in 1956.

en

wit-train-topic-005272666

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisaldeo_temple

Bisaldeo temple

Introduction

Bisaldeo temple

Bisaldeo temple, also known as Bisaldev temple or Bisal Deoji's temple, is a Hindu temple in Bisalpur, India. It is located beside the Bisalpur Dam on the Banas River, in the Tonk district of Rajasthan state. The temple is dedicated to Gokarneshvara, an aspect of Shiva. A Monument of National Importance, it was commissioned by the 12th century Chahamana ruler Vigraharaja IV, who is also known as Bisal Deo.

en

wit-train-topic-005272667

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_mechanics

Molecular mechanics

Functional form

Molecular mechanics / Functional form

Molecular mechanics uses classical mechanics to model molecular systems. The Born–Oppenheimer approximation is assumed valid and the potential energy of all systems is calculated as a function of the nuclear coordinates using force fields. Molecular mechanics can be used to study molecule systems ranging in size and complexity from small to large biological systems or material assemblies with many thousands to millions of atoms. All-atomistic molecular mechanics methods have the following properties: Each atom is simulated as one particle Each particle is assigned a radius, polarizability, and a constant net charge Bonded interactions are treated as springs with an equilibrium distance equal to the experimental or calculated bond length Variants on this theme are possible. For example, many simulations have historically used a united-atom representation in which each terminal methyl group or intermediate methylene unit was considered one particle, and large protein systems are commonly simulated using a bead model that assigns two to four particles per amino acid.

The following functional abstraction, termed an interatomic potential function or force field in chemistry, calculates the molecular system's potential energy (E) in a given conformation as a sum of individual energy terms. where the components of the covalent and noncovalent contributions are given by the following summations: The exact functional form of the potential function, or force field, depends on the particular simulation program being used. Generally the bond and angle terms are modeled as harmonic potentials centered around equilibrium bond-length values derived from experiment or theoretical calculations of electronic structure performed with software which does ab-initio type calculations such as Gaussian. For accurate reproduction of vibrational spectra, the Morse potential can be used instead, at computational cost. The dihedral or torsional terms typically have multiple minima and thus cannot be modeled as harmonic oscillators, though their specific functional form varies with the implementation. This class of terms may include improper dihedral terms, which function as correction factors for out-of-plane deviations (for example, they can be used to keep benzene rings planar, or correct geometry and chirality of tetrahedral atoms in a united-atom representation). The non-bonded terms are much more computationally costly to calculate in full, since a typical atom is bonded to only a few of its neighbors, but interacts with every other atom in the molecule. Fortunately the van der Waals term falls off rapidly. It is typically modeled using a 6–12 Lennard-Jones potential, which means that attractive forces fall off with distance as r⁻⁶ and repulsive forces as r⁻¹², where r represents the distance between two atoms. The repulsive part r⁻¹² is however unphysical, because repulsion increases exponentially. Description of van der Waals forces by the Lennard-Jones 6–12 potential introduces inaccuracies, which become significant at short distances. Generally a cutoff radius is used to speed up the calculation so that atom pairs which distances are greater than the cutoff have a van der Waals interaction energy of zero. The electrostatic terms are notoriously difficult to calculate well because they do not fall off rapidly with distance, and long-range electrostatic interactions are often important features of the system under study (especially for proteins). The basic functional form is the Coulomb potential, which only falls off as r⁻¹. A variety of methods are used to address this problem, the simplest being a cutoff radius similar to that used for the van der Waals terms. However, this introduces a sharp discontinuity between atoms inside and atoms outside the radius. Switching or scaling functions that modulate the apparent electrostatic energy are somewhat more accurate methods that multiply the calculated energy by a smoothly varying scaling factor from 0 to 1 at the outer and inner cutoff radii. Other more sophisticated but computationally intensive methods are particle mesh Ewald (PME) and the multipole algorithm. In addition to the functional form of each energy term, a useful energy function must be assigned parameters for force constants, van der Waals multipliers, and other constant terms. These terms, together with the equilibrium bond, angle, and dihedral values, partial charge values, atomic masses and radii, and energy function definitions, are collectively termed a force field. Parameterization is typically done through agreement with experimental values and theoretical calculations results. Norman L. Allinger's force field in the last MM4 version calculate for hydrocarbons heats of formation with a rms error of 0.35 kcal/mol, vibrational spectra with a rms error of 24 cm⁻¹, rotational barriers with a rms error of 2.2°, C-C bond lengths within 0.004 Å and C-C-C angles within 1°. Later MM4 versions cover also compounds with heteroatoms such as aliphatic amines. Each force field is parameterized to be internally consistent, but the parameters are generally not transferable from one force field to

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wit-train-topic-005272668

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUN_workstation

SUN workstation

History

SUN workstation / History

The SUN workstation was a modular computer system designed at Stanford University in the early 1980s. It became the seed technology for many commercial products, including the original workstations from Sun Microsystems.

In 1979 Xerox donated some Alto computers, developed at their Palo Alto Research Center, to Stanford's Computer Science Department, as well as other universities that were developing the early Internet. The Altos were connected using Ethernet to form several local area networks. The SUN's design was inspired by that of the Alto, but used lower-cost modular components. The project name was derived from the initials of the campus' Stanford University Network. Professor Forest Baskett suggested the best-known configuration: a relatively low-cost personal workstation for computer-aided logic design work. The design created a 3M computer: a 1 million instructions per second (MIPS) processor, 1 Megabyte of memory and a 1 Megapixel raster scan bit-map graphics display. Sometimes the $10,000 estimated price was called the fourth "M" — a "Megapenny". Director of Computer Facilities Ralph Gorin suggested other configurations and initially funded the project. Graduate student Andy Bechtolsheim designed the hardware, with several other students and staff members assisting with software and other aspects of the project. Vaughan Pratt became unofficial faculty leader of the project in 1980. Three key technologies made the SUN workstation possible: very large-scale integration (VLSI) integrated circuits, Multibus and ECAD. ECAD (Electronic Computer Assisted Design, now known as Electronic design automation) allowed a single designer to quickly develop systems of greater complexity. The Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL) had pioneered personal display terminals, but the 1971 system was showing its age. Bechtolsheim used the Stanford University Drawing System (SUDS) to design the SUN boards on the SAIL system. SUDS had been originally developed for the Foonly computer. The Structured Computer Aided Logic Design (SCALD) package was then used to verify the design, automate layout and produce wire-wrapped prototypes and then printed circuit boards. VLSI integrated circuits finally allowed for a high-level of hardware functionality to be included in a single chip. The graphics display controller was the first board designed, published in 1980. A Motorola 68000 CPU, along with memory, a parallel port controller and a serial port controller, were included on the main CPU board designed by Bechtolsheim. The third board was an interface to the 2.94 Mbits/second experimental Ethernet (before the speed was standardized at 10 Mbits/second). The Multibus computer interface made it possible to use standard enclosures, and to use circuit boards made by different vendors to create other configurations. For example, the CPU board combined with a multi-port serial controller created a terminal server (called a TIP, for Terminal Interface Processor) which connected many terminals to the Digital Equipment Corporation time-sharing systems at Stanford or anywhere on the Internet. Configuring multiple Ethernet controllers (including commercial ones, once they were available) with one CPU board created a router. William Yeager wrote the software, which was later adopted and evolved by Cisco Systems on its version of the hardware. Les Earnest licensed the CPU board for one of the first commercial low-cost laser printer controllers at a company called Imagen. The processor board was combined with a prototype high performance graphics display by students of James H. Clark. That group later formed Silicon Graphics Incorporated. Eventually about ten SUN workstations were built during 1981 and 1982, after which Stanford declined to build any more. Bechtolsheim then licensed the hardware design to several vendors, but was frustrated that none of them had chosen to build a workstation. Vinod Khosla, also from Stanford, convinced Bechtolsheim along with Scott McNealy to found Sun Microsystems in order to build the Sun-1 workstation, which included some improvements to the earlier design. Other faculty members who did research using SUN workstations included David Cheriton, Brian Reid, and John Hennessy.

en

wit-train-topic-005272670

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine

Mediterranean cuisine

Olive

Mediterranean cuisine / Key ingredients / Olive

Mediterranean cuisine is the foods and methods of preparation by people of the Mediterranean Basin region. The idea of a Mediterranean cuisine originates with the cookery writer Elizabeth David's book, A Book of Mediterranean Food and was amplified by other writers working in English. Many writers define the three core elements of the cuisine as the olive, wheat, and the grape, yielding olive oil, bread and pasta, and wine; other writers emphasize the diversity of the region's foods and deny that it is a useful concept. A common definition of the geographical area covered follows the distribution of the olive tree. The region spans a wide variety of cultures with distinct cuisines, in particular the Maghrebi, Egyptian, Levantine, Ottoman, Greek, Italian, Provençal, and Spanish, though some authors include additional cuisines. Portuguese cuisine, in particular, is partly Mediterranean in character.

The olive appears to come from the region of Persia and Mesopotamia, at least 6,000 years ago. It spread from there to nearby areas, and has been cultivated since the early Bronze Age (up to 3,150 BC) in southern Turkey, the Levant, and Crete. The ten countries with the largest harvests (in 2011) are all near the Mediterranean (Portugal being the tenth largest): together, they produce 95% of the world's olives. The olive yields bitter fruits, made edible by curing and fermentation, and olive oil. Some 90% of the fruit production (1996) goes into olive oil. The Mediterranean region accounts for the world's highest consumption of olive oil: in 2014, the highest-consuming country, Greece, used 17 kg per head; Italy, 12 kg, Spain, 13 kg; the United States for comparison used only 1 kg per head.

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wit-train-topic-005272671

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangodi

Pangodi

Introduction

Pangodi

Pangodi is a village in Kambja Parish, Tartu County in eastern Estonia. Pangodi is the birthplace of weightlifter Leonhard Kukk.

en

wit-train-topic-005272674

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brennen_Beyer

Brennen Beyer

Introduction

Brennen Beyer

Brennen Beyer (born November 25, 1992) is an American football outside linebacker who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Michigan.

en

wit-train-topic-005272677

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Alm

Maria Alm

Geography

Maria Alm / Geography

Maria Alm am Steinernen Meer is a municipality in the district of Zell am See, in the state of Salzburg in Austria.

It is situated in the Salzburg Pinzgau region, in the valley of the Urslau creek, a tributary of the Saalach river, running between the Steinernes Meer mountain range with the Hochkönig massif (part of the Berchtesgaden Alps) in the north and the Salzburg Slate Alps in the south. The municipal area is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Saalfelden on the road to Bischofshofen. It comprises the cadastral communities of Aberg, Alm, Hinterthal, and Winkl.