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The Information Engineering Lab 11

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_495052033#4_942432332

Title: Famous Last Words | Academy of American Poets Headings: Famous Last Words Famous Last Words Content: Barrett Browning was dramatically affected by the news, which led her into bouts of depression. She gradually became weaker until she died on June 29, 1861, in Browning’s arms. In an account of his wife’s death, Browning wrote that she died “smilingly, happily, and with a face like a girl’s. … Her last word was— … ‘Beautiful.’” Barrett Browning’s actual cause of death is still unclear, but scholars have speculated that her history of pulmonary problems, combined with opiates she was taking at the time, may have contributed to her death. Robert Browning: “ How gratifying!” Just before his death, Robert Browning was preparing for the publication of his newest collection, Asolando, and was enjoying some time in Venice, giving readings of his new poems and attending social events with friends. In late November 1889, he caught a cold while on a walk but refused to stay home from his social engagements and refused to see a doctor (“They are all fools,” he claimed). Eventually Browning’s conditioned worsened to such an extent that a doctor was brought in, who diagnosed the poet with bronchitis and “syncope of the heart,” or an irregular heartbeat.

https://poets.org/text/famous-last-words

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_495052033#12_942442412

Title: Famous Last Words | Academy of American Poets Headings: Famous Last Words Famous Last Words Content: Byron died on April 19, 1824. Lewis Carroll: “ Take away those pillows. I shall need them no more.” At age sixty-five, Carroll was strong and in good health; in 1897, after undertaking a twenty-mile walk between Eastbourne and Hastings, he said, “I was hardly at all tired and not at all foot sore.” During Christmas of that year, he came down with what he described in a letter to his sister as a “feverish cold, of the bronchial type” that eventually worsened and turned into pneumonia. Though pneumonia was often fatal at that time, Carroll did not fear death; in fact, he once wrote in an 1896 letter to his sisters, “I sometimes think what a grand thing it will be to be able to say to oneself, ‘Death is over now; there is not that experience to be faced again.’”

https://poets.org/text/famous-last-words

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_495052033#13_942443501

Title: Famous Last Words | Academy of American Poets Headings: Famous Last Words Famous Last Words Content: in 1897, after undertaking a twenty-mile walk between Eastbourne and Hastings, he said, “I was hardly at all tired and not at all foot sore.” During Christmas of that year, he came down with what he described in a letter to his sister as a “feverish cold, of the bronchial type” that eventually worsened and turned into pneumonia. Though pneumonia was often fatal at that time, Carroll did not fear death; in fact, he once wrote in an 1896 letter to his sisters, “I sometimes think what a grand thing it will be to be able to say to oneself, ‘Death is over now; there is not that experience to be faced again.’” It is with this attitude that Carroll calmly faced his death in the end, in January 1898, as his sisters sat with him in bed, propping him up on pillows to help him breathe. On January 13, Carroll told them, “Take away those pillows. I shall need them no more,” and he died on the next day. Emily Dickinson: “ I must go in;

https://poets.org/text/famous-last-words

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_495052033#18_942449508

Title: Famous Last Words | Academy of American Poets Headings: Famous Last Words Famous Last Words Content: As he died, he whispered, “I see black light.” Hugo died on May 22, 1885, and his funeral was a national event; hundreds of thousands of people, including representatives of many other European countries, attended the ceremony and followed the funeral procession through Paris. James Joyce: “ Does nobody understand?” As Joyce is known as one of the most challenging writers in the English language, particularly for his associative, stream-of-consciousness novels Ulysses and Finnegans Wake, it’s perhaps fitting then that his alleged last words address a failure of comprehension: “ Does nobody understand?” Joyce died on January 13, 1941, in Zurich of a perforated duodenal ulcer, at the age of fifty-nine. John Keats: “ I can feel the daisies growing over me.”

https://poets.org/text/famous-last-words

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_495052033#19_942450587

Title: Famous Last Words | Academy of American Poets Headings: Famous Last Words Famous Last Words Content: As Joyce is known as one of the most challenging writers in the English language, particularly for his associative, stream-of-consciousness novels Ulysses and Finnegans Wake, it’s perhaps fitting then that his alleged last words address a failure of comprehension: “ Does nobody understand?” Joyce died on January 13, 1941, in Zurich of a perforated duodenal ulcer, at the age of fifty-nine. John Keats: “ I can feel the daisies growing over me.” In 1818, John Keats returned home from a tour of Northern England and Scotland to care for his brother, who had contracted tuberculosis. Unfortunately, Keats’s brother died in December of that year and by that time Keats himself had contracted the disease and knew that his death was imminent. Following his doctor’s orders to seek a warm climate for the winter, Keats traveled to Rome with his friend, the painter Joseph Severn. Keats recovered briefly for Christmas but on January 10, 1819, his health took a final turn for the worst and Keats was unable to leave his bedroom. Just before Keats’s death, Severn asked the poet how he was doing, to which Keats quietly replied, “Better, my friend.

https://poets.org/text/famous-last-words

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_495052033#20_942452046

Title: Famous Last Words | Academy of American Poets Headings: Famous Last Words Famous Last Words Content: In 1818, John Keats returned home from a tour of Northern England and Scotland to care for his brother, who had contracted tuberculosis. Unfortunately, Keats’s brother died in December of that year and by that time Keats himself had contracted the disease and knew that his death was imminent. Following his doctor’s orders to seek a warm climate for the winter, Keats traveled to Rome with his friend, the painter Joseph Severn. Keats recovered briefly for Christmas but on January 10, 1819, his health took a final turn for the worst and Keats was unable to leave his bedroom. Just before Keats’s death, Severn asked the poet how he was doing, to which Keats quietly replied, “Better, my friend. I feel the daisies growing over me.” Keats died in Severn’s arms on February 23, 1821, at the age of twenty-five. Philip Larkin: “ I am going to the inevitable.” This bleak goodbye was spoken by a somber Philip Larkin at the time of his death.

https://poets.org/text/famous-last-words

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_544274629#3_1020028268

Title: Will Pokemon Showdown get taken down? - PokéBase Pokémon Answers Headings: Will Pokemon Showdown get taken down? Will Pokemon Showdown get taken down? 1 Answer Content: However, whether it will actually have action taken against it is a very different question. At this point, Nintendo and co would all be aware that the simulator exists, and is as popular as it is. They could drop the hammer at any moment. However, there is a multitude of reasons why this may not be in their interest, or that they should at least play the waiting game for some time. Some of these include: Showdown being removed would get a massive press run. Nintendo is already notorious for their stance against derivative fan projects, but Showdown would take things to a new level. Nintendo might not want the removal of such a massive project behind their name. Showdown is basically free marketing. While it does compete with the real games on some level (and infringes on their right to create a similar product with their property), Showdown's accessibility and spread across the internet may be more valuable than whatever they lose in sales.

https://pokemondb.net/pokebase/310338/will-pokemon-showdown-get-taken-down

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_544274629#4_1020029608

Title: Will Pokemon Showdown get taken down? - PokéBase Pokémon Answers Headings: Will Pokemon Showdown get taken down? Will Pokemon Showdown get taken down? 1 Answer Content: Showdown being removed would get a massive press run. Nintendo is already notorious for their stance against derivative fan projects, but Showdown would take things to a new level. Nintendo might not want the removal of such a massive project behind their name. Showdown is basically free marketing. While it does compete with the real games on some level (and infringes on their right to create a similar product with their property), Showdown's accessibility and spread across the internet may be more valuable than whatever they lose in sales. Removing Showdown would be a massive dent to the competitive community. Nothing of Showdown's size or quality exists in official Pokemon media. If they're interested in building Pokemon as a competitive game, getting rid of Showdown would appear counter-intuitive. Even if it was removed, Showdown would be replaced instantly. Everyone would move to the next biggest simulator, and they'd have the same problem again.

https://pokemondb.net/pokebase/310338/will-pokemon-showdown-get-taken-down

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_572029397#1_1074999147

Title: Human Trafficking and Social Media | Polaris Headings: Human Trafficking and Social Media Human Trafficking and Social Media Social Media in Recruitment Social Media in Trafficking Operations & Abuse Social Media for Victims & Survivors Social Media Recommendations Content: READ THE REPORT MORE INDUSTRY INTERSECTIONS Social Media in Recruitment Read about Social Media in Recruitment Social Media in Trafficking Operations & Abuse Read about Social Media in Trafficking Operations & Abuse Social Media for Victims & Survivors Read about Social Media for Victims & Survivors Social Media Recommendations Read about Social Media Recommendations Need help? Polaris operates the U.S. National Human Trafficking Hotline. Call 1 (888) 373-7888 *Text "BeFree" 233733 Live Chat Quick Exit If you are passionate about helping human trafficking victims and survivors, join our digital community and start making a difference today. JOIN US ✕ This site uses cookies to improve the user experience. To learn more, please see our privacy policy. × Search × Search terms Search Social Media in Recruitment × Online recruitment has existed for as long as there has been widespread access to internet platforms. The National Human Trafficking Hotline has recorded recruitment in all types of sex and labor trafficking on social media platforms including, but not limited to, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Kik, Meetme.com, WhatsApp, and dating sites/apps like Tinder, Grindr, and Plenty of Fish. Traffickers may build an intimate relationship with a victim through social media or advertise fake or deceptive job opportunities. Recruiters of traveling sales crews even post brazen photos of daily cash profits to entice potential victims and agricultural labor recruiters may advertise for U.S. visa contracts via social media. Social Media in Trafficking Operations & Abuse × In 2018, Congress enacted legislation that allowed for civil and criminal prosecution of online marketplaces that knowingly participate in sex trafficking, thus many websites shut down.

https://polarisproject.org/human-trafficking-and-social-media/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_572038074#2_1075018125

Title: Recognizing Human Trafficking | Polaris Headings: Recognizing Human Trafficking Recognizing Human Trafficking It’s Not Knowing the Signs – It’s Knowing the Story Vulnerabilities and Recruitment Recognizing Labor Trafficking Recognizing Sex Trafficking What is Grooming? What Are You Seeing? Content: Learn More Recognizing Sex Trafficking Anyone selling sex who is under 18 is legally a trafficking victim. There are a number of racial myths and stereotypes associated with sex trafficking. Learn More What is Grooming? Sex traffickers carefully and methodically work to gain their victims’ trust, create a degree of dependence, and subtly promote the idea that selling sexual services is normal, acceptable and necessary. Ultimately, successful grooming results in vulnerable people cooperating in their own exploitation and abuse and believing they have made the choice to do so independently. Learn More What Are You Seeing? Context is key to being able to help understand if what you are seeing is sex or labor trafficking – or something else entirely. People who work in certain industries, for example, may be more likely to spot signs of trafficking that are specific to the way that industry operates. Below are resources specific to either the type of trafficking or to how trafficking situations may intersect with certain kinds of systems and industries. The U.S. National Human Trafficking Hotline does not report to law enforcement in situations involving adults without permission from the person contacting the Trafficking Hotline.

https://polarisproject.org/human-trafficking/labor-trafficking

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_572041140#0_1075019899

Title: Myths, Facts, and Statistics | Polaris Headings: Myths, Facts, and Statistics Myths, Facts, and Statistics Human Trafficking Facts Who is vulnerable? Human Trafficking Myths Human trafficking is always or usually a violent crime. All human trafficking involves sex. Traffickers target victims they don’t know. Only undocumented foreign nationals get trafficked in the United States. Only women and girls can be victims and survivors of sex trafficking. Human trafficking only happens in illegal or underground industries. Human trafficking involves moving, traveling or transporting a person across state or national borders. If the trafficked person consented to be in their initial situation, then it cannot be human trafficking or against their will because they “knew better.” People being trafficked are physically unable to leave their situations/locked in/held against their will. Labor trafficking is only or primarily a problem in developing countries. All commercial sex is human trafficking. People in active trafficking situations always want help getting out. Child Sex Trafficking Human Trafficking Rumors #SaveTheChildren Questions and Answers Statistics Content: Myths, Facts, and Statistics | Polaris Myths, Facts, and Statistics Human Trafficking Facts Vulnerabilities Traffickers Control Survivors Who is vulnerable? Human trafficking can happen to anyone but some people are more vulnerable than others. Significant risk factors include recent migration or relocation, substance use, mental health concerns, involvement with the child welfare system and being a runaway or homeless youth. Often, traffickers identify and leverage their victims’ vulnerabilities in order to create dependency. Learn More Who are the traffickers? Perpetrators of human trafficking span all racial, ethnic, and gender demographics and are as diverse as survivors. Some use their privilege, wealth, and power as a means of control while others experience the same socio-economic oppression as their victims. They include individuals, business owners, members of a gang or network, parents or family members of victims, intimate partners, owners of farms or restaurants, and powerful corporate executives and government representatives. How do traffickers control victims? Traffickers employ a variety of control tactics, the most common include physical and emotional abuse and threats, isolation from friends and family, and economic abuse.

https://polarisproject.org/myths-facts-and-statistics/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_572041140#1_1075022568

Title: Myths, Facts, and Statistics | Polaris Headings: Myths, Facts, and Statistics Myths, Facts, and Statistics Human Trafficking Facts Who is vulnerable? Human Trafficking Myths Human trafficking is always or usually a violent crime. All human trafficking involves sex. Traffickers target victims they don’t know. Only undocumented foreign nationals get trafficked in the United States. Only women and girls can be victims and survivors of sex trafficking. Human trafficking only happens in illegal or underground industries. Human trafficking involves moving, traveling or transporting a person across state or national borders. If the trafficked person consented to be in their initial situation, then it cannot be human trafficking or against their will because they “knew better.” People being trafficked are physically unable to leave their situations/locked in/held against their will. Labor trafficking is only or primarily a problem in developing countries. All commercial sex is human trafficking. People in active trafficking situations always want help getting out. Child Sex Trafficking Human Trafficking Rumors #SaveTheChildren Questions and Answers Statistics Content: Perpetrators of human trafficking span all racial, ethnic, and gender demographics and are as diverse as survivors. Some use their privilege, wealth, and power as a means of control while others experience the same socio-economic oppression as their victims. They include individuals, business owners, members of a gang or network, parents or family members of victims, intimate partners, owners of farms or restaurants, and powerful corporate executives and government representatives. How do traffickers control victims? Traffickers employ a variety of control tactics, the most common include physical and emotional abuse and threats, isolation from friends and family, and economic abuse. They make promises aimed at addressing the needs of their target in order to impose control. As a result, victims become trapped and fear leaving for myriad reasons, including psychological trauma, shame, emotional attachment, or physical threats to themselves or their family. Learn More Who are the survivors? Victims and survivors of human trafficking represent every race and ethnicity but some forms of trafficking are more likely to affect specific ethnic groups. Learn More Human Trafficking Myths Myth Human trafficking is always or usually a violent crime.

https://polarisproject.org/myths-facts-and-statistics/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_572041140#4_1075030490

Title: Myths, Facts, and Statistics | Polaris Headings: Myths, Facts, and Statistics Myths, Facts, and Statistics Human Trafficking Facts Who is vulnerable? Human Trafficking Myths Human trafficking is always or usually a violent crime. All human trafficking involves sex. Traffickers target victims they don’t know. Only undocumented foreign nationals get trafficked in the United States. Only women and girls can be victims and survivors of sex trafficking. Human trafficking only happens in illegal or underground industries. Human trafficking involves moving, traveling or transporting a person across state or national borders. If the trafficked person consented to be in their initial situation, then it cannot be human trafficking or against their will because they “knew better.” People being trafficked are physically unable to leave their situations/locked in/held against their will. Labor trafficking is only or primarily a problem in developing countries. All commercial sex is human trafficking. People in active trafficking situations always want help getting out. Child Sex Trafficking Human Trafficking Rumors #SaveTheChildren Questions and Answers Statistics Content: Myth Traffickers target victims they don’t know. Learn more Reality Many survivors have been trafficked by romantic partners, including spouses, and by family members, including parents. Myth Only undocumented foreign nationals get trafficked in the United States. Learn more Reality Polaris has worked on thousands of cases of trafficking involving foreign national survivors who are legally living and/or working in the United States. These include survivors of both sex and labor trafficking. Myth Only women and girls can be victims and survivors of sex trafficking. Learn more Reality Men and boys are also victimized by sex traffickers. LGBTQ boys and young men are seen as particularly vulnerable to trafficking. Myth Human trafficking only happens in illegal or underground industries. Learn more Reality Human trafficking cases have been reported and prosecuted in industries including restaurants, cleaning services, construction, factories and more.

https://polarisproject.org/myths-facts-and-statistics/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_572136167#4_1075268939

Title: Why So Many Teens Struggle With Depression - Polaris Teen Center Headings: How Many Teens Suffer With Depression? How Many Teens Suffer With Depression? Why Today’s Teens Are More Depressed. Teenage Depression Statistics Symptoms of Depression in Adolescents and Teenagers Emotional symptoms Behavioral symptoms Why Do So Many Teenagers Have Depression? Treatment for Teenage Depression Polaris Teen Center Content: Stressful life events – events such as parental divorce, death, or other major disruptions in the home can increase a youth’s chances of experiencing depression. Why Do So Many Teenagers Have Depression? Since the 1970s, researchers have been monitoring and studying adolescents and teenagers and their mental health. According to research results, around the year of 2012, there was a fairly significant increase in the number of teens experiencing symptoms of depression. This increase continued to rise in the years following, making today’s teens the most depressed generation in decades. Although the research provides evidence in the form of numbers and statistics, there still remains the question as to why so many teens are depressed today. While there are a wide range of suggestions as to why today’s teens are suffering from depression at an alarming rate, some hypotheses are more agreed upon than others, including: An unprepared generation – some experts believe today’s adolescents and teenagers have been raised to have unrealistic expectations. Whether from media, parents, or teachers, the overwhelming message suggests we should always feel “good” or “happy”, and thus youth are not being taught the necessary coping skills needed during times of increased stress, sadness, or other difficult emotions. Stress – teenagers today seem more stressed out than ever before;

https://polaristeen.com/articles/how-many-teens-have-depression/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_572136167#5_1075271006

Title: Why So Many Teens Struggle With Depression - Polaris Teen Center Headings: How Many Teens Suffer With Depression? How Many Teens Suffer With Depression? Why Today’s Teens Are More Depressed. Teenage Depression Statistics Symptoms of Depression in Adolescents and Teenagers Emotional symptoms Behavioral symptoms Why Do So Many Teenagers Have Depression? Treatment for Teenage Depression Polaris Teen Center Content: Although the research provides evidence in the form of numbers and statistics, there still remains the question as to why so many teens are depressed today. While there are a wide range of suggestions as to why today’s teens are suffering from depression at an alarming rate, some hypotheses are more agreed upon than others, including: An unprepared generation – some experts believe today’s adolescents and teenagers have been raised to have unrealistic expectations. Whether from media, parents, or teachers, the overwhelming message suggests we should always feel “good” or “happy”, and thus youth are not being taught the necessary coping skills needed during times of increased stress, sadness, or other difficult emotions. Stress – teenagers today seem more stressed out than ever before; and stress is directly related to symptoms of depression. Many factors associated with the modern teen lifestyle may be responsible for the rise in stress including lack of community, social pressures, less family support, less exercise, less sunshine, less unstructured “play” or free time, etc. Technology – smart phones and social media are things that affect teens directly. Using smart phones and engaging on social media are both unique to the current youth generation, and a fundamental change in how they spend their time. The popularization of smart phones in the last decade directly correlates with the reduction in face-to-face time teens spend with one another, and the timeline of the overall decrease in psychological well-being.

https://polaristeen.com/articles/how-many-teens-have-depression/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_572214165#7_1075454346

Title: Why Are Teen Depression Rates Increasing? - Polaris Teen Center Headings: Why Have Teen Depression Rates Been Increasing? Why Have Teen Depression Rates Been Increasing? First, what is the modern definition of depression? Why are teenagers particularly likely to experience symptoms of depression? Why have teenage depression rates been rising? What can be done to combat teenage depression? What should I do if I believe that my teenager is suffering from depression? Polaris Teen Center Content: Changes in technology and methods of socialization The increased potential risk of pharmaceutical over-prescription (this is not to say that all prescriptions are bad, but some can be dangerous) Global terror, climate change, political turmoil, and other world events that can promote a generally negative outlook of the future (exacerbated by increased media pressures) Stagnating standards of living in the United States Increased external factors that can potentially trigger feelings of hopelessness and isolation Numerous others Just as there is no single variable that can be isolated as the sole cause of depression, there is not a single variable that can be isolated as the sole reason depression rates have been increasing among today’s teenagers. But, when all of these unique variables—who perhaps in a vacuum may have a more minimal effect—are combined together, the outcome can be rather grim. The numbers don’t lie. Teenage depression rates have been demonstrably on the rise in recent decades, and because of these, it seems we ought to collectively commit ourselves to finding a real solution. What can be done to combat teenage depression? Combating adolescent depression is no simple task, but there indeed several things that can be done to make things better for our troubled teens. When addressing teenagers as a collective group, it seems increasing access to depression treatment centers for teens and increasing education on the topic are both real and viable solutions. The better educated teenagers can become on the formal definition, symptoms, and potential causes of depression, the more likely the will be able to seek appropriate treatment when necessary. One of the problems with treating depression is that many individuals do not even realize they are formally depressed. These individuals assume their constant feelings of low energy and existential dread are completely normal parts of life, and that they would be burdening their loved ones if they were to say anything about it.

https://polaristeen.com/articles/teen-depression-rates-increasing/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_572266742#7_1075581956

Title: Mental Illness in Adolescence: Causes & Risk Factors - Polaris Teen Center Headings: What Causes Mental Illness in Adolescence What Causes Mental Illness in Adolescence Biological Factors Genetics Brain injury Infection or Disease Prenatal Damage Substance abuse Environmental Factors Polaris Teen Center Content: Many studies indicate a strong correlation between alcohol abuse and depression, while others show a connection between the abuse of amphetamines and anxiety disorders. Even caffeine abuse over a long period of time has been shown to contribute to the development of anxiety. Environmental Factors Unlike psychological or biological causes, environmental causes tend to be difficulties or stressors that adolescents deal with on a daily basis. Environmental causes are psychologically based, but tend to be pervasive in a person’s life (sustain for longer periods of time). Environmental causes of mental illness in adolescents are typically, at their core, a result of stress. Common sources of stress in adolescence are social stress, isolation, or substance abuse. Other common sources of stress include: Trauma – emotional, sexual, or physical abuse Bullying Demands at school or work Unstable or dysfunctional home environment – for example, domestic violence in the home. Early loss – such as the loss of a parent or sibling Unsafe living conditions Obesity Chronic illness Natural disaster Car accident Acts of violence – such as school shootings Witness another person experience a traumatic event Cultural or social expectations – societies that value beauty connected to thinness can be a factor in the development of eating disorders Feelings of inadequacy – low self-esteem, anger, anxiety, and/or loneliness Indicators of stress overload in adolescents may include frequent illness, withdrawal from friends, family, and/or activities, changes in eating and sleeping habits, anger/irritability, and expressing hopelessness. It is important, as a parent or caregiver to be aware of what is going on with your child, not only behaviorally but also emotionally.

https://polaristeen.com/articles/what-causes-mental-illness-adolescence/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_574733350#1_1080029257

Title: 2020 Police Violence Report Headings: 2020 Police Violence Report Content: 96% were killed by police shootings. Tasers, physical force, and police vehicles accounted for most other deaths. Officers were charged with a crime in only 16 of these cases. One percent of all killings by police. 8 of these 16 cases had video evidence. Most of these videos were captured by police body and dash cameras. Police video Surveillance or bystander video No video We were able to identify officers in 444 cases. At least 14 had shot or killed someone before. 5 had multiple prior shootings. Officers identified ( 444) Officers with one prior shooting ( 9) Officers with two or more prior shootings ( 5) Officers not reported/unable to be identified ( 683) Most killings began with police responding to suspected non-violent offenses or cases where no crime was reported.

https://policeviolencereport.org/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_576087853#5_1081905177

Title: Gender justice | Oxfam Headings: Gender justice Gender justice Activities Goals & priorities Achievements so far Anti-violence campaign Community finance programs Indigenous rights program Water programs Resource rights Arms Trade Treaty Sisters on the Planet Content: To see the change in the world, we work towards shifts in four key areas—Women's and men's consciousness; Women's access to and control over resources; Formal institutions, laws, policies, and structures; Informal cultural norms and exclusionary practices. We intend to drive local change on gender by setting a higher bar for partners regarding women's leadership and for the gender targets on our programming. Added to this, we want to invest in our staff to execute and use sophisticated gender analyses. Oxfam will strengthen capacities of women's rights organizations (WROs), networks and movements that better enable women to influence duty bearers, traditional structures and systems to protect women's rights, including their access to and control of power and resources. Internally, gender awareness and gender intelligence will have clear linkages between staff development and gender, with clear expectations from all areas of the organization to include gender analysis, and effective integration of gender into programs, policy and campaigns. Staff capacity will include measurement and monitoring tools to assess the impact of gender investments. This will require increased rigor in gender research and use of it to further a gender justice agenda.

https://policy-practice.oxfamamerica.org/work/gender-justice/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_576087853#6_1081906916

Title: Gender justice | Oxfam Headings: Gender justice Gender justice Activities Goals & priorities Achievements so far Anti-violence campaign Community finance programs Indigenous rights program Water programs Resource rights Arms Trade Treaty Sisters on the Planet Content: Added to this, we want to invest in our staff to execute and use sophisticated gender analyses. Oxfam will strengthen capacities of women's rights organizations (WROs), networks and movements that better enable women to influence duty bearers, traditional structures and systems to protect women's rights, including their access to and control of power and resources. Internally, gender awareness and gender intelligence will have clear linkages between staff development and gender, with clear expectations from all areas of the organization to include gender analysis, and effective integration of gender into programs, policy and campaigns. Staff capacity will include measurement and monitoring tools to assess the impact of gender investments. This will require increased rigor in gender research and use of it to further a gender justice agenda. Achievements so far Anti-violence campaign Oxfam as an agency has demonstrated strong actions to solidify a foundation to build our gender justice strategy. In El Salvador, Oxfam joined with six other development and women's rights organizations and developed a Program to Prevent Gender Based Violence. It engages men, women and young people as active agents in teaching and training programs, media and arts campaigns, and networks. The program raised awareness among politicians and public officials who became advocates for the prevention of gender-based violence and helped bring change to policies and practices. Community finance programs The Saving for Change program spearheaded in Mali, and now operating in Senegal, Cambodia, Guatemala and El Salvador, makes saving accessible to women through a system of self-governance and peer support.

https://policy-practice.oxfamamerica.org/work/gender-justice/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_576351366#9_1082322678

Title: Effects of pesticides on our wildlife | Policy and insight Headings: Effects of pesticides on our wildlife Effects of pesticides on our wildlife View as PDF Ask the government to cut pesticide use Bees and beyond Creature contact with chemicals Effects of pesticides on a range of wildlife Earthworms Soil-living organisms Birds Butterflies Water quality Fish Frogs, toads, other amphibians and reptiles Wild plants Mammals Why is this being allowed to happen? Overuse of pesticides. Rising use of pesticides Flawed pesticide testing. Pesticides and food security So how can we turn the tide against pesticides? Reduce pesticide use Independent advice More research into sustainable methods A robust testing and monitoring regime Multiple benefits without pesticides Help make the countryside safe for wildlife and support farmers in cutting pesticide use. Further reading Sandra Bell 16 Apr 2019 Sandra Bell 28 Aug 2019 Sandra Bell, Nature campaigner 15 Nov 2019 Content: A study of once common dragonflies in Japan related their decline to use of pesticides in rice growing. Fish A 2019 study of fish species in Japan reports aquatic systems being “threatened by the high toxicity and persistence of neonicotinoid insecticides” with effects cascading through ecosystems to alter the structure of the food chain. Frogs, toads, other amphibians and reptiles These creatures also appear to be at risk. Laboratory and field tests have linked pesticides passed as safe to mortality in frogs and toads. Wild plants Inadequate monitoring makes it hard to attribute the decline or loss of wild plants directly to herbicide use but they will reach non-target plant and other species and UK plant charity Plantlife cites "extensive use of herbicides” as a reason for wildflowers disappearing across Britain. Mammals Mammals are not immune and a comprehensive review of 58 British mammal populations over 20 years found species such as hedgehogs, water voles, common and pygmy shrews declined by up to 66% over the past 20 years. Hedgehogs are struggling for various reasons including habitat loss, land use change and a lack of insects for food, which is linked to use of pesticides and slug pellets in gardening. The British Hedgehog Preservation Society has expressed concern about “the lack of food in sterile fields where lots of pesticides and chemicals are used – there are also larger scale farms so there are less hedgerows for hedgehogs to use.” Why is this being allowed to happen? Overuse of pesticides.

https://policy.friendsoftheearth.uk/opinion/effects-pesticides-our-wildlife

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_576351366#10_1082325455

Title: Effects of pesticides on our wildlife | Policy and insight Headings: Effects of pesticides on our wildlife Effects of pesticides on our wildlife View as PDF Ask the government to cut pesticide use Bees and beyond Creature contact with chemicals Effects of pesticides on a range of wildlife Earthworms Soil-living organisms Birds Butterflies Water quality Fish Frogs, toads, other amphibians and reptiles Wild plants Mammals Why is this being allowed to happen? Overuse of pesticides. Rising use of pesticides Flawed pesticide testing. Pesticides and food security So how can we turn the tide against pesticides? Reduce pesticide use Independent advice More research into sustainable methods A robust testing and monitoring regime Multiple benefits without pesticides Help make the countryside safe for wildlife and support farmers in cutting pesticide use. Further reading Sandra Bell 16 Apr 2019 Sandra Bell 28 Aug 2019 Sandra Bell, Nature campaigner 15 Nov 2019 Content: Mammals Mammals are not immune and a comprehensive review of 58 British mammal populations over 20 years found species such as hedgehogs, water voles, common and pygmy shrews declined by up to 66% over the past 20 years. Hedgehogs are struggling for various reasons including habitat loss, land use change and a lack of insects for food, which is linked to use of pesticides and slug pellets in gardening. The British Hedgehog Preservation Society has expressed concern about “the lack of food in sterile fields where lots of pesticides and chemicals are used – there are also larger scale farms so there are less hedgerows for hedgehogs to use.” Why is this being allowed to happen? Overuse of pesticides. Pesticides are typically applied prophylactically even if the actual risk of harm from genuine pests or diseases is low. Crop spraying with pesticide Pixabay Pesticides are widespread across landscapes and seasons and years, which is how long some pesticide residues can remain in soils, plant matter and in rivers, water courses and systems. Incredibly, the effects of their ubiquitous use on species, habitats and the food chain are not tested or monitored. And the cocktail effect of different treatments used in combination isn’t well monitored. While the effects of such overuse are unknown, there are concerns about reduced efficacy and pest resistance, similar to those about the overuse of antibiotics in treating animals and humans.

https://policy.friendsoftheearth.uk/opinion/effects-pesticides-our-wildlife

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_576367851#9_1082354755

Title: 2.10 Capitalization of Tangible Assets | Financial Policies Headings: 2.10 Capitalization of Tangible Assets 2.10 Capitalization of Tangible Assets Last Revised Date PHYSICAL PLANT ACQUISITIONS: LAND LAND IMPROVEMENTS OTHER THAN BUILDINGS: UTILITIES: TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK SYSTEM: BUILDINGS AND SPORTS FACILITIES: REMODELING AND BETTERMENTS vs. MAJOR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS: PUBLIC ART CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS: LIBRARY ACQUISITIONS: EQUIPMENT ACQUISITIONS: FABRICATION: See 5-EQUIPMENT FABRICATION. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS: ARCHIVES, HISTORICAL MATERIALS, ART, AND OTHER SPECIAL COLLECTIONS DISPOSITION OF MATERIALS: Content: Examples of construction costs include, but are not limited to, architects and engineering fees, site preparation, including demolition costs, building permit fees, contractor and sub-contractor fees, building materials, construction equipment rental, construction supplies and utilities, construction equipment operating and maintenance cost, and wages and benefits, as compensation for construction work performed. BUILDING COMPONENTS: Consists of items permanently affixed/installed to the building shell, necessary for the building to be used as intended, which are integral to the building and can not be removed without damaging the building. Examples include, but are not limited to elevators, HVAC, plumbing system, electrical wiring, fixed theater or classroom seating, telecommunication/data wiring, fire alarm and sprinkler systems, and other fixtures and equipment installed with the intent of permanent use in the building. REMODELING AND BETTERMENTS vs. MAJOR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS REMODELING, BETTERMENTS, AND RENOVATION: The reworking of an existing building or portion of an existing building, including upgrading the major systems, which extends the building’s usable capacity or useful life shall be capitalized. This includes the major replacement, or upgrading of building systems, components, or fixed equipment that is necessitated by facility obsolescence, change in use, code requirements, physical plant wear-out, and/or related interior space modifications and aesthetic improvements. Examples include, but are not limited to: demolition of the interior of a building or portion thereof including the removal and subsequent replacement of electrical, plumbing, ventilating and air conditioning systems, fixed equipment, floor coverings and interior walls and partitions (whether fixed or moveable). If an individual project cost less than $100,000, the expense is to be charged to repair and maintenance operations object code, rather than capital.

https://policy.fso.arizona.edu/pmm/200/210

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_576367851#10_1082357608

Title: 2.10 Capitalization of Tangible Assets | Financial Policies Headings: 2.10 Capitalization of Tangible Assets 2.10 Capitalization of Tangible Assets Last Revised Date PHYSICAL PLANT ACQUISITIONS: LAND LAND IMPROVEMENTS OTHER THAN BUILDINGS: UTILITIES: TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK SYSTEM: BUILDINGS AND SPORTS FACILITIES: REMODELING AND BETTERMENTS vs. MAJOR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS: PUBLIC ART CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS: LIBRARY ACQUISITIONS: EQUIPMENT ACQUISITIONS: FABRICATION: See 5-EQUIPMENT FABRICATION. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS: ARCHIVES, HISTORICAL MATERIALS, ART, AND OTHER SPECIAL COLLECTIONS DISPOSITION OF MATERIALS: Content: The reworking of an existing building or portion of an existing building, including upgrading the major systems, which extends the building’s usable capacity or useful life shall be capitalized. This includes the major replacement, or upgrading of building systems, components, or fixed equipment that is necessitated by facility obsolescence, change in use, code requirements, physical plant wear-out, and/or related interior space modifications and aesthetic improvements. Examples include, but are not limited to: demolition of the interior of a building or portion thereof including the removal and subsequent replacement of electrical, plumbing, ventilating and air conditioning systems, fixed equipment, floor coverings and interior walls and partitions (whether fixed or moveable). If an individual project cost less than $100,000, the expense is to be charged to repair and maintenance operations object code, rather than capital. Cosmetic remodeling, such as simple replacement of floor and wall coverings as part of a periodic redecorating, is a maintenance and repair activity. These cost shall not be capitalized, except when it is incidental to a remodeling, betterment and renovation project. MAJOR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS: The periodic need to repair and rework building and infrastructure systems or components to maintain the original condition of the asset. The expense should be classified as a repair and maintenance expenditure and charged to operations object code.

https://policy.fso.arizona.edu/pmm/200/210

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_576597678#1_1082746807

Title: Surface Reauthorization | Transportation.org Headings: Surface Reauthorization Surface Reauthorization AASHTO Policy Recommendations Supplemental Materials Congressional Action AASHTO Roadmap Timeline Site Information Address Contact Us Content: Since 2008, the HTF has been sustained through a series of General Fund transfers now amounting to $140 billion. Without a solution to this crisis, AASHTO estimates that states will see about a 40 percent drop in highway funding from FY 2020 to 2021. In the past, such similar shortfall situations have led to the possibility of a reduction in federal reimbursements to states on existing obligations, leading to serious cash flow problems for states and resulting in project delays. More alarmingly, due to a steeper projected shortfall in the Mass Transit Account, new federal transit obligations are expected to be zeroed out between FY 2021 and FY 2023. Simply put, this is a devastating scenario that we must do all we can to avoid. Beyond maintaining program levels, there has been broad consensus among states that additional federal funding and investment is warranted. Beyond funding stability, after decades of adding layers of regulatory requirements on state transportation agencies, various aspects of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) and the FAST Act provided needed policy reforms. In the next surface transportation reauthorization, AASHTO recognizes that we need to continue the momentum of MAP-21 and the FAST Act by making further efficiency gains on project delivery and providing increased flexibility for states. Every state DOT’s priority is ensuring safety and serving as responsible stewards of taxpayer resources and both human and natural environments, all the while improving both mobility and accessibility for all residents and businesses. Based on the recommendations developed by AASHTO’s Transportation Policy Forum, this official package of AASHTO surface transportation reauthorization recommendations to Congress and the Administration was adopted by the AASHTO Board of Directors on October 9, 2019, in St. Louis, Missouri.

https://policy.transportation.org/surface-reauthorization/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_577288112#17_1084135966

Title: Electric Car Statistics and Facts 2021 | Policy Advice Headings: Electric Car Statistics in the US and Abroad Electric Car Statistics in the US and Abroad Electric Car Statistics and Facts (Editor’s Pick) Electric Car Statistics Worldwide 1. The latest report by Bloomberg New Energy Finance shows that by 2040, 58% of global passenger vehicle sales will come from electric vehicles. At the same time, they will make up less than 33% of all the cars on the road. 2. Batteries make up about 40% of the value of an electric car, and China currently controls two-thirds of the worldwide cell manufacturing industry. 3. China is the largest growth contributor to global plug-in sales 4. Norway has the largest EV usage of all countries 5. The US sold 328,118 electric cars in 2018 6. By 2024, the electric vehicle charging station market is expected to reach a CAGR of 38% 7. By 2030, there will be around 4 million EVs in California alone US EV Car Sales and Market Share by State US Electric Car Statistics 8. Tesla is the major contributing factor to the market growth of EVs in the US 9. Toyota Camry aced the list of top 5 best-selling EVs in the US 10. In 2018, the US saw one million registered electric cars on the road Electric Vehicle Sales By Year 11. China took the plug-in vehicle market by storm with approximately 645,000 units sold in the first half of 2019 alone 12. By 2030, Japan will see an estimated 210,000 EVs on the road out of a projected total of five million cars sold Electric Car Usage Statistics 13. The Netherlands is the nation with the most charging stations. As of February 2020, it has more than 37,000 public charging stations or one station per 459 inhabitants. 14. California’s air-quality standards are driving the increasing US sales of EVs 15. 13. 70% of US drivers are on the road for less than 60 miles every weekday 16. Not all-electric vehicles you see on the road are the same 17. 10% of American EV buyers are in the 25–34 age group Source: CNBC 18. Nissan Leaf could be a viable option for budget cars with a starting cost of just $29,990, electric cars statistics reveal. Starting Cost for Popular Electric Cars in the US Electric Car Safety Statistics 19. Electric vehicles are less likely to roll over than conventional ones during crashes 20. Electric vehicles undergo rigorous safety testing and are required to meet the same safety standards as traditional cars 21. The Tesla Model X was recently involved in an EV fire incident in Pittsburgh Electric Cars and The Insurance Industry FAQs 1. What percentage of cars are electric? 2. How many people own electric cars? 3. Which country uses the most electric cars? 4. Is an electric car worth it? 5. Which electric car is the cheapest? List of Sources: Content: As of February 2020, it has more than 37,000 public charging stations or one station per 459 inhabitants. With the mounting demand in the Netherlands for fully electric vehicles, the building of new EV charging stations is merely a part of this trend. Due to the nation’s plans for electric vehicle growth, the Netherlands has invested in an infrastructure that supports plug-in electric vehicles. Source: BMW 14. California’s air-quality standards are driving the increasing US sales of EVs California has a set of laws and incentives for EV users within the state; the most popular thus far is the provision of rebates for the replacement of vehicle components for electric and hybrid cars. In order to achieve fewer overall emissions, nine other states have also adopted the Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) standards and this is also expected to contribute to the electric car sales growth in America. Source: Consumer Reports 15.

https://policyadvice.net/car-insurance/insights/electric-car-statistics/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_577471147#4_1084773449

Title: Mental Health Statistics You Should Know | Policy Advice Headings: 24+ Mental Health Statistics You Should Know (2021) 24+ Mental Health Statistics You Should Know (2021) Most Fascinating Mental Health Statistics and Facts (2021) How Many People Suffer From Mental Illness? 1. According to the World Health Organization, 450 million people currently suffer from a mental illness 2. According to the Hopkins Medicine Centre, 1 in 4 Americans suffer from a mental illness Mental Illness Statistics 3. The WHO estimates that two-thirds of individuals suffering from mental illness choose to avoid seeking help for their condition 4. The WHO is currently carrying out several programs meant to encourage governments to increase mental health awareness 5. Over 40% of countries lack a mental health policy, whereas 30% have no program regarding mental health 6. Studies show that more than 80% of people suffering from a schizophrenic disorder can reduce symptoms and the possibility of relapses, if medical treatment, alongside family intervention, are offered 7. Antidepressants coupled with psychotherapy can help up to 60% of people suffering from depressive disorders to recover 8. Seizures can be eliminated in 70% of people suffering from epilepsy 9. Mental illnesses are one of the leading causes of disability and disease worldwide 10. The prevalence of mental disorders is also linked to a general lack of funding Mental Health in the United States 11. In the US, mental health conditions are some of the most frequent causes of disability 12. Most of the times, US individuals with mental health problems suffer from at least two conditions 13. Roughly 9.5% of US citizens above 18 years old will encounter a depressive illness every year 14. US women are two times more likely to suffer from depression when compared to men 15. Most Americans who have committed suicide were suffering from a mental disorder 16. Schizophrenia rates in the US are quite low since studies indicate that 1% of US residents are affected by this condition 17. The incidence of anxiety disorders is much higher, seeing how 18% of Americans aged 18–54 are suffering from an anxiety-related disorder Mental Health Statistics by State 18. A recent study carried out by the Mental Health America organization has determined the states where mental illnesses are most common 19.A recent study determined the US states where mental illnesses are least prevalent College Student Mental Health Statistics 20. More than 37,500 UK students from a total of 140 universities suffer from a mental illness 21. It is estimated that 1 in 3 UK college students have dealt with a serious psychological issue which would normally require the intervention of healthcare professionals Teen Mental Health Statistics 22. According to the Polaris Teen Centre, 1 in 5 teens suffer from a mental illness 23. 11% of teens report experiencing one major depressive episode during the last year 24. Anxiety disorders are also proving to be very common in teens. Over 1 in 5 mental health suffering teens have an anxiety disorder Social Media and Mental Health Statistics 25. A study carried out by the University of Missouri concluded that if Facebook use causes envy, depression follows The impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health 33% of the US adults reported mental health concerns since the COVID-19 outbreak CDC study shows that there is a 13% increase in substance abuse in response to the pandemic-related stress 73% of young people have concerns for their mental health, and feel the need to talk to someone about it The pandemic outbreak impacts women more negatively than men Conclusion List of Sources: Content: According to the Hopkins Medicine Centre, 1 in 4 Americans suffer from a mental illness The statistics for the US concur with the rest of the world. Closer research has estimated that 26% of US residents aged 18 and older suffer from a mental condition worth diagnosing. Mental Illness Statistics 3. The WHO estimates that two-thirds of individuals suffering from mental illness choose to avoid seeking help for their condition Reports indicate that this choice is generally based on a couple of factors, including but not limited to the stigma that is still associated with mental health, lack of education, and expensive healthcare costs. For many, the conditions are debilitating enough that seeking medical care is highly-difficult, according to mental disorder stats. 4. The WHO is currently carrying out several programs meant to encourage governments to increase mental health awareness According to recent trends, people have become more accepting of mental conditions, reducing the negative stigma in the process. Despite this, many people continue to fear to share their condition with others. In turn, this further promotes neglect and general lack of understanding regarding mental health, according to mental health statistics. 5.

https://policyadvice.net/health-insurance/insights/mental-health-statistics/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_578078118#0_1087111239

Title: Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy | Policy Interns Headings: Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy Like Cancel reply Content: Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy | Policy Interns America / Constitution / Foreign Policy / Gov. Officials / National Security / Politics / Rule of Law / Uncategorized Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy Posted on September 28, 2012 by mlopusz Leave a comment In one short, succinct statement Justice George Sutherland altered the relationship between Congress and the executive branch. “ The President [operates] as the sole organ of the federal government in the field of international relations,” he wrote in the United States Supreme Court’s decision of U.S. v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corporation. Whereas the Constitution lays out distinct, delegated powers to Congress, such as the power to declare war and the power to ratify treaties, and to the executive, primarily the role of the president as Commander-in-Chief, Justice Sutherland’s statement altered the relationship between the two aforementioned branches. Suddenly, the executive branch had a legal precedent with which to become the leading force in foreign policy and upon which it could fall back on if actions are legally challenged. The judicial branch’s role is often underappreciated in foreign policy, primarily because its forays into the field of international relations are relatively uncommon. That does not mean, however, the judicial branch does not serve a crucial role in foreign policy. In fact, it is the judicial branch that serves as the one true restraint upon the executive branch. While Congress can attempt to restrain the executive branch through laws or procedural technicalities, it is often unsuccessful.

https://policyinterns.com/2012/09/28/supreme-ly-ironic-how-the-judicial-branch-affects-foreign-policy/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_578078118#1_1087113411

Title: Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy | Policy Interns Headings: Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy Like Cancel reply Content: Suddenly, the executive branch had a legal precedent with which to become the leading force in foreign policy and upon which it could fall back on if actions are legally challenged. The judicial branch’s role is often underappreciated in foreign policy, primarily because its forays into the field of international relations are relatively uncommon. That does not mean, however, the judicial branch does not serve a crucial role in foreign policy. In fact, it is the judicial branch that serves as the one true restraint upon the executive branch. While Congress can attempt to restrain the executive branch through laws or procedural technicalities, it is often unsuccessful. For instance, Congress had a revival of sorts following the disastrous Vietnam War and the embarrassing Watergate scandal. Both events, displaying the centralized power the executive branch had attained since the World War II, spurred Congress to take action to restrain the branch and to insert Congress into a more prominent role in foreign policy. The primary example of this is the War Powers Resolution, which requires presidents to inform Congress of the use of the military in any conflict around the world. Its intent was to prevent a president from heavily investing the U.S. military in another conflict like Korea or the Vietnam War. Despite not having a declaration of war from Congress, the U.S. military was fully engaged in those two conflicts.

https://policyinterns.com/2012/09/28/supreme-ly-ironic-how-the-judicial-branch-affects-foreign-policy/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_578078118#4_1087119061

Title: Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy | Policy Interns Headings: Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy Like Cancel reply Content: In fact, according to a 2001 memo from the Department of Justice, presidents, including George Washington, authorized military action 125 without expressed consent from Congress. This grey area allows presidents to expand and to push the limits of their constitutional authority. Congress can do little other than attempting to implement ineffectual restraints on the president. But as seen after 9/11, Congress could do little about the growth in presidential power seen under President George W. Bush, specifically actions taken in the War on Terror, and currently under President Barack Obama, such as the increased use of drones in the War on Terror. However, the judicial branch, specifically the Supreme Court, can take binding actions that curb executive power. In the 2004 case Rasul v. Bush, the Court ruled the U.S. court system does have the authority to determine if foreign nationals were wrongfully detained, despite claims to the contrary by the Bush administration. Two other Bush-era cases also demonstrate the power of the judicial branch. In Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, the Court ruled U.S. citizens have the right to challenge their status as an enemy combatant in court and in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld , the Court ruled the Bush administration’s use of military commissions to try detainees at Guantanamo Bay was unconstitutional. Supreme Court rulings do not allow for wiggle room, unlike actions taken by Congress. The executive branch must abide by the decisions of the Supreme Court, even if the administration in power disagrees with a particular ruling.

https://policyinterns.com/2012/09/28/supreme-ly-ironic-how-the-judicial-branch-affects-foreign-policy/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_578078118#5_1087121118

Title: Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy | Policy Interns Headings: Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy Supreme-ly Ironic: How the Judicial Branch Affects Foreign Policy Like Cancel reply Content: In the 2004 case Rasul v. Bush, the Court ruled the U.S. court system does have the authority to determine if foreign nationals were wrongfully detained, despite claims to the contrary by the Bush administration. Two other Bush-era cases also demonstrate the power of the judicial branch. In Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, the Court ruled U.S. citizens have the right to challenge their status as an enemy combatant in court and in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld , the Court ruled the Bush administration’s use of military commissions to try detainees at Guantanamo Bay was unconstitutional. Supreme Court rulings do not allow for wiggle room, unlike actions taken by Congress. The executive branch must abide by the decisions of the Supreme Court, even if the administration in power disagrees with a particular ruling. Thus, the judicial court is indeed the one true restraint on the executive, which is ironic considering it was a justice’s statement that provided a legal precedent for the executive branch to centralize foreign policy power and take unilateral action without congressional consent. Like this: Like Loading... Like One blogger likes this. Cancel reply Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: Email (Address never made public) Name Website You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. (

https://policyinterns.com/2012/09/28/supreme-ly-ironic-how-the-judicial-branch-affects-foreign-policy/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_581646478#8_1094346523

Title: How do Voting Machines work? - Politics Stack Exchange Headings: How do Voting Machines work? How do Voting Machines work? 2 Answers 2 You must log in to answer this question. Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged voting . Content: I.e. should we show the paper result to the voter and let them confirm or reject it. If there is a paper trail, how important is it that we not be able to determine who cast the vote? Should we be able to cancel votes cast by invalid voters? How important are quick results? How complicated are the counting systems? How important are unambiguous results? Florida in 2000 suggested that this was pretty important. How important is it that voting be intuitive? These things contradict each other. A paper trail is easier to recount, but it is also easier to determine who cast which vote.

https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/16053/how-do-voting-machines-work

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_582247145#22_1095595770

Title: Headings: Chicago Citation Style: Footnotes and Bibliography Chicago Citation Style: Footnotes and Bibliography Or, for an online version: Or this document on the Ohio State University library website: General Guidelines: Books: Single Author Footnote Basic format: Subsequent references to the same text: Examples: Bibliography Basic format: Examples: Books: Multiple Authors Footnote Subsequent references to the same text: Examples: Bibliography Basic format: Examples: Books: Edited Volume or Chapter Within an Edited Volume Footnote Basic format: Example: Subsequent references to the same text: Examples: Basic format: Or: Examples: Books: Multiple Editions Footnote Bibliography Include the edition number after the title, not italicized: Subsequent references to the same text: Basic format: Example: Journal Articles Footnote Basic format: Subsequent references to the same text: Examples: Bibliography Basic format: Examples: Web Sources Footnote Examples: Bibliography Basic Format: Or: Examples: Class Lectures Footnote Example: Bibliography Course Readers Magazine Articles Footnote Basic format: Subsequent references to the same text: Examples: Bibliography Basic format: Examples: Newspaper Articles Footnote Basic format: Or: Subsequent references to the same text: Examples: Bibliography Basic format: Examples: Interviews Footnote Examples: Bibliography Examples: Legal Sources Footnote Government Publications Footnote Provide the following information: 10 Bibliography Examples: Content: Growing Greener: Putting Conservation into Local Plans and Ordinances. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1999. Bulkeley, Harriet, and Michele M. Betsill. Cities and Climate Change: Urban Sustainability and Global Environmental Governance. London: Routledge, 2003. Note:

https://politics.ucsc.edu/undergraduate/chicago%20style%20guide.pdf

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_586321355#11_1104448494

Title: Pomeranian Teething Age Issues Headings: Pomeranian Teething Age Issues Pomeranian Teething Age Issues Sharing is caring! Pomeranian Teething Age Explained When do Pomeranians Lose Their Baby Teeth? Pomeranian Puppy Teething Timeline: When Do Pomeranians Stop Teething? Pomeranian Teething Issues What are the Symptoms and Signs of Pomeranian Retained Puppy Teeth? Pomeranian Double Teeth What is the Meaning of Pomeranian Double Teeth? What’s the Best Way to Recognize Double Teeth in My Dog? If I See Double Teeth in My Dog’s Mouth, Is That Cause for Concern? Pomeranian Retained Puppy Teeth Risks Pomeranian Teething Pain Relief Final Thoughts on Pomeranian Teething Age Issues Safe Puppy Teething Bones and Toys Content: He may have two sets of teeth, baby teeth that refuse to come out, or missing teeth completely. “ Double teeth” is the slang term for two sets of teeth. If you don’t realize your Pom has this issue early enough, your Pom may endure certain health problems. This is the reason for carrying out regular checks of his mouth and teeth. What’s the Best Way to Recognize Double Teeth in My Dog? The first step is to look in your dog’s mouth properly. You should look to see if there are any gaps, missing teeth, double teeth and then look at the jaw. Look for abnormalities in the position of the teeth or in the total number of teeth in his mouth. If I See Double Teeth in My Dog’s Mouth, Is That Cause for Concern? If your Pomeranian does have double teeth, it’s not merely his looks that are affected.

https://pomeranian.org/pomeranian-teething/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_601962518#8_1140954051

Title: Bullying in Schools | ASU Center for Problem-Oriented Policing Headings: Bullying in Schools Bullying in Schools Guide No.12 (2002) The Problem of Bullying in Schools Definition of Bullying Related Problems Extent of the Bullying Problem A Threshold Problem: The Reluctance to Report Bullying Behavior Bullies Incidents of Bullying Victims of Bullying Consequences of Bullying Chronic Victims of Bullying Content: Extent of the Bullying Problem Extensive studies in other countries during the 1980s and 1990s generally found that between 8 and 38 percent of students are bullied with some regularity,† and that between five and nine percent of students bully others with some regularity. Chronic victims of bullying, bullied once a week or more, generally constitute between 8 and 20 percent of the student population. 7 † A South Carolina study found that 20 percent of students bully others with some regularity (Limber et al. 1998). In an English study involving 25 schools and nearly 3,500 students, 9 percent of the students admitted to having bullied others by sexual touching [Glover and Cartwright, with Gleeson (1998)]. In the United States, fewer studies have been done. A recent study of a nationally representative sample of students found higher levels of bullying in America than in some other countries. Thirteen percent of sixth- through tenth-grade students bully, 10 percent reported being victims, and an additional six percent are victim-bullies. 8 This study excluded elementary-age students (who often experience high levels of bullying) and did not limit bullying to school grounds. Several smaller studies from different parts of the country confirm high levels of bullying behaviors, with 10 to 29 percent of students reported to be either bullies or victims.

https://popcenter.asu.edu/content/bullying-schools-0

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_601962518#9_1140956042

Title: Bullying in Schools | ASU Center for Problem-Oriented Policing Headings: Bullying in Schools Bullying in Schools Guide No.12 (2002) The Problem of Bullying in Schools Definition of Bullying Related Problems Extent of the Bullying Problem A Threshold Problem: The Reluctance to Report Bullying Behavior Bullies Incidents of Bullying Victims of Bullying Consequences of Bullying Chronic Victims of Bullying Content: In the United States, fewer studies have been done. A recent study of a nationally representative sample of students found higher levels of bullying in America than in some other countries. Thirteen percent of sixth- through tenth-grade students bully, 10 percent reported being victims, and an additional six percent are victim-bullies. 8 This study excluded elementary-age students (who often experience high levels of bullying) and did not limit bullying to school grounds. Several smaller studies from different parts of the country confirm high levels of bullying behaviors, with 10 to 29 percent of students reported to be either bullies or victims. 9 , ‡ ‡ In some of the studies, lack of a common definition of bullying potentially distorts the estimates of the problem (Harachi, Catalano and Hawkins 1999). In addition, in the United States, the lack of a galvanized focus on bullying has resulted in a lack of large-scale school research efforts (such as those in Scandinavia, England, Japan, and Australia). Thus we have only limited insights into the problem of bullying here. Clearly, the percentage of students who are bullies and victims varies by research study, often depending on the definition used, the time frame examined (e.g., ever, frequently, once a week)† and other factors.‡ Despite these differences, bullying appears to be widespread in schools in every country studying the problem.§ † For the first time, during the 1997-98 school year, the United States participated in an international study of young people's health, behavior and lifestyles, which included conducting surveys on school bullying. ( European countries have participated in the study since 1982.)

https://popcenter.asu.edu/content/bullying-schools-0

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_601962518#10_1140958377

Title: Bullying in Schools | ASU Center for Problem-Oriented Policing Headings: Bullying in Schools Bullying in Schools Guide No.12 (2002) The Problem of Bullying in Schools Definition of Bullying Related Problems Extent of the Bullying Problem A Threshold Problem: The Reluctance to Report Bullying Behavior Bullies Incidents of Bullying Victims of Bullying Consequences of Bullying Chronic Victims of Bullying Content: 9 , ‡ ‡ In some of the studies, lack of a common definition of bullying potentially distorts the estimates of the problem (Harachi, Catalano and Hawkins 1999). In addition, in the United States, the lack of a galvanized focus on bullying has resulted in a lack of large-scale school research efforts (such as those in Scandinavia, England, Japan, and Australia). Thus we have only limited insights into the problem of bullying here. Clearly, the percentage of students who are bullies and victims varies by research study, often depending on the definition used, the time frame examined (e.g., ever, frequently, once a week)† and other factors.‡ Despite these differences, bullying appears to be widespread in schools in every country studying the problem.§ † For the first time, during the 1997-98 school year, the United States participated in an international study of young people's health, behavior and lifestyles, which included conducting surveys on school bullying. ( European countries have participated in the study since 1982.) Researchers gathered data on 120,000 students from 28 countries. Upwards of 20 percent of 15-year-old U.S. students reported they had been bullied at school during the current term (see "Annual Report on School Safety." However, a 2000 U.S. Department of Education report on school crime (based on 1999 data), using a very narrow—and perhaps too limited—definition of bullying than the earlier report, showed that 5 percent of students ages 12 through 18 had reported being bullied at school in the last six months (Kaufman et al. 2000). [ Full text ] [Full text ] ‡ The "Annual Report on School Safety," developed in response to a 1997 school shooting in West Paducah, Kentucky, did not until 1999 contain any data on school bullying.

https://popcenter.asu.edu/content/bullying-schools-0

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_601962518#11_1140960813

Title: Bullying in Schools | ASU Center for Problem-Oriented Policing Headings: Bullying in Schools Bullying in Schools Guide No.12 (2002) The Problem of Bullying in Schools Definition of Bullying Related Problems Extent of the Bullying Problem A Threshold Problem: The Reluctance to Report Bullying Behavior Bullies Incidents of Bullying Victims of Bullying Consequences of Bullying Chronic Victims of Bullying Content: Researchers gathered data on 120,000 students from 28 countries. Upwards of 20 percent of 15-year-old U.S. students reported they had been bullied at school during the current term (see "Annual Report on School Safety." However, a 2000 U.S. Department of Education report on school crime (based on 1999 data), using a very narrow—and perhaps too limited—definition of bullying than the earlier report, showed that 5 percent of students ages 12 through 18 had reported being bullied at school in the last six months (Kaufman et al. 2000). [ Full text ] [Full text ] ‡ The "Annual Report on School Safety," developed in response to a 1997 school shooting in West Paducah, Kentucky, did not until 1999 contain any data on school bullying. The 1999 school bullying data are aggregate, useful only in international comparisons, since specific types of bullying are not categorized. The report tracks thefts, weapons, injuries, threats, and physical fights, and some measures of harassment and hate crimes. However, the proportion of incidents that have their roots in bullying is not specified. § The words "bully" and "bullying" are used in this guide as shorthand to include all of the different forms of bullying behavior. A Threshold Problem:

https://popcenter.asu.edu/content/bullying-schools-0

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_604862336#0_1148175172

Title: Why the Miss Chiquita Banana Mascot Has Been Branded as Racist Headings: Why the Miss Chiquita Banana Mascot Has Been Branded as Racist Why the Miss Chiquita Banana Mascot Has Been Branded as Racist Start the Conversation Content: Why the Miss Chiquita Banana Mascot Has Been Branded as Racist Why the Miss Chiquita Banana Mascot Has Been Branded as Racist The Chiquita Banana mascot is one of the many corporate logos that's come under re-examination in the wake of ongoing civil rights protests across the U.S. A number of companies have already taken action, including Aunt Jemima's and Uncle Ben, both of which could be traced directly back to racist minstrel show characters. The origins of the mascot were explored by Maria Iqbal in a paper published by The University of Toronto in 2015. "The racialization and sexualization of the original Miss Chiquita Banana was enacted in an effort to make bananas more appealing to the American market of the 1940s, for which the fruit was not yet a common commodity," the paper read. " The feminized banana was first used to advertise UFC's bananas in 1944 when an audio recording of the 'Chiquita Banana Song' was released on the radio. ' Chiquita Banana' was officially trademarked in 1947 and around the same time, the high heel wearing, frilly dress‐donning fruit became part of a series of short animated commercials that aired in theatres. This marketing campaign sought to familiarize American audiences with the banana and convince them to try the foreign fruit." The mascot was originally an anthropomorphic banana with human legs for added sex appeal and was created in 1944 by Hagar the Horrible cartoonist Dik Browne. In 1987, it was redesigned into a woman who more closely resembles Carmen Miranda. She also wears a giant hat full of fruit, including Chiquita Bananas, adding to the stereotype. It was revised again in 1988, although far less dramatically.

https://popculture.com/trending/news/miss-chiquita-banana-racist-mascot/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_604862336#1_1148177301

Title: Why the Miss Chiquita Banana Mascot Has Been Branded as Racist Headings: Why the Miss Chiquita Banana Mascot Has Been Branded as Racist Why the Miss Chiquita Banana Mascot Has Been Branded as Racist Start the Conversation Content: This marketing campaign sought to familiarize American audiences with the banana and convince them to try the foreign fruit." The mascot was originally an anthropomorphic banana with human legs for added sex appeal and was created in 1944 by Hagar the Horrible cartoonist Dik Browne. In 1987, it was redesigned into a woman who more closely resembles Carmen Miranda. She also wears a giant hat full of fruit, including Chiquita Bananas, adding to the stereotype. It was revised again in 1988, although far less dramatically. Worth noting that the mascot is the latest in a long history of criticisms the company has accumulated over the years, which includes monopolistic practices, mistreatment of its workers in Central America and illicit payments to terrorist groups. The protests, which are now entering their fourth week, were sparked by the death of George Floyd, a 46-year-old black man who was killed by police in Minneapolis, Minnesota on May 25. Calling for an end to police brutality, several of the protests were organized by Black Lives Matter organizations, and have begun to lead to some major reforms in local governments. Among the changes, networks and studios have started rethinking the way police are portrayed in popular entertainment. Some shows have been pulled from rotation or permanently canceled, though others are slated to return in the fall, although with the promise that they will address the changing world around them.

https://popculture.com/trending/news/miss-chiquita-banana-racist-mascot/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_604862336#2_1148179191

Title: Why the Miss Chiquita Banana Mascot Has Been Branded as Racist Headings: Why the Miss Chiquita Banana Mascot Has Been Branded as Racist Why the Miss Chiquita Banana Mascot Has Been Branded as Racist Start the Conversation Content: Worth noting that the mascot is the latest in a long history of criticisms the company has accumulated over the years, which includes monopolistic practices, mistreatment of its workers in Central America and illicit payments to terrorist groups. The protests, which are now entering their fourth week, were sparked by the death of George Floyd, a 46-year-old black man who was killed by police in Minneapolis, Minnesota on May 25. Calling for an end to police brutality, several of the protests were organized by Black Lives Matter organizations, and have begun to lead to some major reforms in local governments. Among the changes, networks and studios have started rethinking the way police are portrayed in popular entertainment. Some shows have been pulled from rotation or permanently canceled, though others are slated to return in the fall, although with the promise that they will address the changing world around them. Start the Conversation PopCulture.com Logo of Close Right Arrow Left Arrow Close

https://popculture.com/trending/news/miss-chiquita-banana-racist-mascot/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_610097894#2_1159860535

Title: Columbus And "The Right Of Conquest" - PopularResistance.Org Headings: Columbus And “The Right Of Conquest” Columbus And “The Right Of Conquest” Groups of Three: Jesus Christ, Columbus, and the US Constitution & How It Effects Us Today Content: With this in mind, it is interesting to consider the fact that Christopher Columbus was born in the year 1451 – in the year of the death of the Ottoman Sultan Murad II, and the ascension of the sultan’s son and heir, Mehmed II. In the following year, 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued his notorious Dum Diversas, the papal decree declaring war against all of the world’s non-Christians. Thirdly, one year later, in 1453, the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople, delivering the terminal blow to the 1500-year-old Eastern Roman Empire. Among the results of their military triumph in Constantinople, the Ottoman Turks made significant geopolitical inroads into Christian Europe. Importantly, this included wresting control of the invaluable overland trade routes to India, China, and the other lands to the east from the Europeans. The subsequent influx of Byzantine refugees into Christian Italy, with their classical texts in tow, contributed to the flourishing of learning and secularism that marked the Italian Renaissance. And it is likely that this proliferation of classic Greek and Roman texts, many of which treated the sphericity of the world as an ancient and uncontentious theory, contributed to Columbus’ adoption of this topographical notion. Among its other consequences, the Turk’s capture of Constantinople led the banking centers of Europe to shift from the markets of the eastern Mediterranean to the ports of the west, whose sea-routes now allowed traders easier access to the Indies. And it was from just such a port along the Spanish coast that the Christian from the Italian city of Genoa would embark in search of a western sea-route to Asia, spreading – whether willfully or not is unimportant – Christian and Roman political, economic, and theological institutions (the old world) to the Americas. While they were to some degree mediated by Christian influences, Roman forms of power and institutions of governance were to take firm root in the so-called new world.

https://popularresistance.org/columbus-and-the-right-of-conquest/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_610432523#12_1160189244

Title: Why The Internet Should Be A Public Utility - PopularResistance.Org Headings: Why The Internet Should Be A Public Utility Why The Internet Should Be A Public Utility When The Invisible Hand Becomes a Fist Also on Popular Resistance For The Nez Perce, A Proposed Gold Mine … There can be no biodiversity without … What Matters About The Origins Of The … Brazilians March To Demand … San Francisco teachers union … State Of The World: Poverty Is Widespread Update On Cali And African Liberation Day Veterans For Peace Statement On … Log in with or sign up with Disqus or pick a name Content: it dramatically elevates our quality of life, best and truest when we all have free and equal access to it. It’s true that misused, the internet makes us unhappier and lonelier, a la Facebook. But it also makes it possible for us to enjoy art, science, literature, news, and each other to a degree never before possible in history. And that’s just life — not to mention work, which would scarcely be possible now without the net. Like electricity, sanitation, or power, the internet’s gains are vast, dramatic, and transformative — not just efficiency or productivity, but creativity, connection, growth, possibility. Can you imagine life without the net? Would you want to? These questions of the human good are deeper and subtler than American thought has come to suppose. The good is not something that the invisible hand can always ineluctably provide. America’s devotion to that hand has become a religion, empty of reason, blind to the world.

https://popularresistance.org/why-the-internet-should-be-a-public-utility/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_610432523#13_1160191061

Title: Why The Internet Should Be A Public Utility - PopularResistance.Org Headings: Why The Internet Should Be A Public Utility Why The Internet Should Be A Public Utility When The Invisible Hand Becomes a Fist Also on Popular Resistance For The Nez Perce, A Proposed Gold Mine … There can be no biodiversity without … What Matters About The Origins Of The … Brazilians March To Demand … San Francisco teachers union … State Of The World: Poverty Is Widespread Update On Cali And African Liberation Day Veterans For Peace Statement On … Log in with or sign up with Disqus or pick a name Content: Can you imagine life without the net? Would you want to? These questions of the human good are deeper and subtler than American thought has come to suppose. The good is not something that the invisible hand can always ineluctably provide. America’s devotion to that hand has become a religion, empty of reason, blind to the world. The hand becomes a fist that punches down human possibility, instead of lifting it up, when we forget that the first job a society has is to provide the basics of life, not only to create luxuries that cannot be fully enjoyed without them. That is what growth truly is: yesterday’s impossibilities becoming today’s necessities. All that is why the internet should be a public utility. This is the 21st century, and to ask monopolistic, unidimensional, profit-maximizing capitalism to allocate the single greatest public good humankind has probably ever created — the place where you can read books, watch films, make relationships, and begin to explore yourself — is like asking the invisible hand to hold a child.

https://popularresistance.org/why-the-internet-should-be-a-public-utility/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_610951592#2_1161000033

Title: Population in Cities: The Impacts of Increased Urbanization - Population Education Headings: Population in Cities: The Impacts of Increased Urbanization Population in Cities: The Impacts of Increased Urbanization Here are two consequences of people moving to cities: Benefits of increasing urbanization? Content: It will become increasingly important that cities are able to offer jobs, education, and basic needs like housing, electricity, and public transportation. A city that grows without these structures in place is at high risk for poverty and instability. A city that grows too quickly can also experience an array of environmental issues. With more people living in a condensed space, streets can become congested, pollution levels rise, sanitation systems can be overwhelmed, and public health can decline. Benefits of increasing urbanization? However, an increase of population in cities may not be all bad news. One positive outcome is that when people are more concentrated, more open spaces can remain undeveloped. This land could be saved for agriculture or, assuming there are programs in place, environmental initiatives such as habitat restoration or forest regeneration. In addition, if a city is able to prepare for their projected growth, they may be able to avoid any social or environmental consequences and economically prosper as a result. Of course ensuring these outcomes requires planning and sustainable urban design – a high bar for many of the developing countries expected to see the most growth.

https://populationeducation.org/population-cities-impacts-increased-urbanization/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_610951592#3_1161001781

Title: Population in Cities: The Impacts of Increased Urbanization - Population Education Headings: Population in Cities: The Impacts of Increased Urbanization Population in Cities: The Impacts of Increased Urbanization Here are two consequences of people moving to cities: Benefits of increasing urbanization? Content: However, an increase of population in cities may not be all bad news. One positive outcome is that when people are more concentrated, more open spaces can remain undeveloped. This land could be saved for agriculture or, assuming there are programs in place, environmental initiatives such as habitat restoration or forest regeneration. In addition, if a city is able to prepare for their projected growth, they may be able to avoid any social or environmental consequences and economically prosper as a result. Of course ensuring these outcomes requires planning and sustainable urban design – a high bar for many of the developing countries expected to see the most growth. As highlighted in a recent Reuters article, John Wilmoth, director of the Population Division of the UN’s Department of Economic and Social Affairs, asserts that “Managing urban areas has become one of the most important developmental challenges of the 21st century.” Back to blog

https://populationeducation.org/population-cities-impacts-increased-urbanization/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611135276#4_1161437247

Title: Climate change | Population Matters Headings: Climate change Climate change The climate change threat Climate change action Individual actions Global policy Population action Population growth must be addressed in all countries to tackle climate change. If we are to succeed in preventing the worst effects of climate change, we must take action to address population size. Learn more More Feet, More Heat: Climate Change Conference 2018 Population Matters conference 2018: Robin Maynard, director, Population Matters Read our latest news about climate change Sign up Content: Climate change action “Globally, economic and population growth continued to be the most important drivers of increases in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion.” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014 There are multiple drivers of climate change, amongst which population is only one. Overwhelmingly, emissions are produced by people in the richest countries, and industrial development and consumption patterns in the Global North are primarily responsible for the crisis we are in today. Technological solutions, personal lifestyle changes, policies to end fossil fuel use and develop alternative energy and potentially fundamental changes to our economic sytems are all vital, especially as the timescale for preventing catastrophic climate change is so short - now less than a decade, according to the IPCC. Whatever other changes we make, however, their positive impacts will be reduced and may even be completely cancelled out by adding emissions from hundreds of millions of new people as our population increases. According to 2020 research evaluating 44 countries, emissions arising as a result of population growth wiped out two-thirds of the reduction in emissions arising from greater energy efficiency between 1990 and 2019. Meanwhile, solutions such as reforestation may be more difficult to implement with more people needing food and land. Reducing the number of people being born is not a panacea for climate change, but it cuts future carbon emissions, effectively, simply and permanently, and it boosts the effectiveness of other solutions. Most importantly, it can be achieved through positive actions which empower people and improve lives. Individual actions A study published in 2017 by the Universities of Lund and British Columbia suggested that the single most effective measure an individual in the developed world could take to cut their carbon emissions over the long term could be to have one fewer child.

https://populationmatters.org/the-facts/climate-change

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611363283#1_1161795086

Title: Populism in Latin America: a double interview – POP Headings: Populism in Latin America: a double interview Populism in Latin America: a double interview Content: From this dialogue emerged a (quite long and dense) interview full of relevant examples, concepts and arguments. It therefore constitutes a clear and comprehensive point of access to a broad variety of topics about populism in Latin America. Enjoy the interview. Y hoy, celebrando mi cumpleaños con toda la alegría de las bases de Fuerza Popular ¡gracias! pic.twitter.com/jQcoQJxQZy — Keiko Fujimori (@KeikoFujimori) 27 maggio 2017 1) By comparing populist actors in Latin America and Europe, which ideas of “the people” and “the elite” emerge in the two contexts? In other words, which different types of populism are present in the two regions? Is it correct to portray them as inclusive and exclusive types of populism? Saskia Ruth: While Latin America has often been equated with left populism and Europe with radical right populism, cross-regional research was able to highlight that although these patterns exist, they are far from deterministic. We can also find left populism in Europe (e.g. SYRIZA in Greece) and right populism in Latin America (e.g. Fujimorism in Peru).

https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611363283#2_1161796589

Title: Populism in Latin America: a double interview – POP Headings: Populism in Latin America: a double interview Populism in Latin America: a double interview Content: In other words, which different types of populism are present in the two regions? Is it correct to portray them as inclusive and exclusive types of populism? Saskia Ruth: While Latin America has often been equated with left populism and Europe with radical right populism, cross-regional research was able to highlight that although these patterns exist, they are far from deterministic. We can also find left populism in Europe (e.g. SYRIZA in Greece) and right populism in Latin America (e.g. Fujimorism in Peru). Thus, country contexts matter with respect to the representation gap that enables political actors to mobilize with a populist appeal, but this is not necessarily predetermined according to regions. Bruno Castanho: The specific ideas of people and elites vary not only across the regions, but also widely within the regions – depending on the country, host ideology (left populists have different targets than right populists), and so on, so it is difficult to give a clear picture simply of who is the people or the elites in the two regions. The question of whether one is inclusionary while the other is exclusionary also hinges much on the examples chosen, and what one refers to. SR:

https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611363283#3_1161798180

Title: Populism in Latin America: a double interview – POP Headings: Populism in Latin America: a double interview Populism in Latin America: a double interview Content: Thus, country contexts matter with respect to the representation gap that enables political actors to mobilize with a populist appeal, but this is not necessarily predetermined according to regions. Bruno Castanho: The specific ideas of people and elites vary not only across the regions, but also widely within the regions – depending on the country, host ideology (left populists have different targets than right populists), and so on, so it is difficult to give a clear picture simply of who is the people or the elites in the two regions. The question of whether one is inclusionary while the other is exclusionary also hinges much on the examples chosen, and what one refers to. SR: A more relevant difference is not necessarily the regional divide but the spread of different systems of government which overlaps with the regional pattern: presidentialism vs. parliamentarism. This, in my opinion, is the main reason why populists have been more successful in forming majority governments and controlling the presidency in Latin American countries compared to coalition governments in European countries (with a few notable exceptions). BC: On the one hand, it is true that populist movements in Latin America have often been associated with expanding political enfranchisement to marginalized groups – that’s been true for Vargas and Peron empowering urban workers in the 30’s and 40’s Brazil and Argentina, or for Evo Morales reaching out to the Indigenous majority in Bolivia in the 2000’s.

https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611363283#4_1161800092

Title: Populism in Latin America: a double interview – POP Headings: Populism in Latin America: a double interview Populism in Latin America: a double interview Content: A more relevant difference is not necessarily the regional divide but the spread of different systems of government which overlaps with the regional pattern: presidentialism vs. parliamentarism. This, in my opinion, is the main reason why populists have been more successful in forming majority governments and controlling the presidency in Latin American countries compared to coalition governments in European countries (with a few notable exceptions). BC: On the one hand, it is true that populist movements in Latin America have often been associated with expanding political enfranchisement to marginalized groups – that’s been true for Vargas and Peron empowering urban workers in the 30’s and 40’s Brazil and Argentina, or for Evo Morales reaching out to the Indigenous majority in Bolivia in the 2000’s. In that sense, it has performed an inclusionary role more often than European populists, which arrive at the picture in moments when (at least in Western Europe), we don’t have countries where very large portions of the population are almost completely absent from the political process. On the other hand, those on the streets protesting Chavismo these days might have a different opinion on whether they feel very much included in Maduro’s idea of a Venezuelan people. Santiago de Chile – Spring 2016 2) Under which conditions populist actors usually take power in Latin American countries: high unemployment, malfunctioning of democratic mechanisms, or discrimination of minorities? BC:

https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611363283#5_1161802016

Title: Populism in Latin America: a double interview – POP Headings: Populism in Latin America: a double interview Populism in Latin America: a double interview Content: In that sense, it has performed an inclusionary role more often than European populists, which arrive at the picture in moments when (at least in Western Europe), we don’t have countries where very large portions of the population are almost completely absent from the political process. On the other hand, those on the streets protesting Chavismo these days might have a different opinion on whether they feel very much included in Maduro’s idea of a Venezuelan people. Santiago de Chile – Spring 2016 2) Under which conditions populist actors usually take power in Latin American countries: high unemployment, malfunctioning of democratic mechanisms, or discrimination of minorities? BC: Economic issues seem to have little to do with the rise of populism in Latin America, especially when we talk about the recent “pink wave” of left-populists from the 2000’s. While they’re often explained as a reaction to liberal economic policies adopted in the continent during the previous decade, most research shows that the main determinants of populists’ success are in fact dissatisfaction with political institutions, led by the endemic corruption and/or bad governance observed in throughout the region. SR: Indeed, the rise of populism in Latin America after the Third Wave of Democratization has been closely related to declining trust levels in core representative institutions like parliaments and political parties since the 1990s, the so called “crisis of representation”. Hence, most successful populists in the region came to power against the background of a power vacuum in their political party systems – the most paradigmatic examples are Hugo Chavez in Venezuela, Evo Morales in Bolivia, Alberto Fujimori in Peru and Rafael Correa in Ecuador.

https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611363283#6_1161804208

Title: Populism in Latin America: a double interview – POP Headings: Populism in Latin America: a double interview Populism in Latin America: a double interview Content: Economic issues seem to have little to do with the rise of populism in Latin America, especially when we talk about the recent “pink wave” of left-populists from the 2000’s. While they’re often explained as a reaction to liberal economic policies adopted in the continent during the previous decade, most research shows that the main determinants of populists’ success are in fact dissatisfaction with political institutions, led by the endemic corruption and/or bad governance observed in throughout the region. SR: Indeed, the rise of populism in Latin America after the Third Wave of Democratization has been closely related to declining trust levels in core representative institutions like parliaments and political parties since the 1990s, the so called “crisis of representation”. Hence, most successful populists in the region came to power against the background of a power vacuum in their political party systems – the most paradigmatic examples are Hugo Chavez in Venezuela, Evo Morales in Bolivia, Alberto Fujimori in Peru and Rafael Correa in Ecuador. 3) While in many countries populism is on the rise as a reaction to repeated scandals of corruption and low trust in political parties, this does not happen everywhere. For example, how do you explain the absence of populism in Chile and Brasil? Santiago de Chile – Spring 2016 BC: A few things have to be considered here. First, the benchmark for populist success in Latin America is higher than in Europe.

https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611363283#7_1161806108

Title: Populism in Latin America: a double interview – POP Headings: Populism in Latin America: a double interview Populism in Latin America: a double interview Content: 3) While in many countries populism is on the rise as a reaction to repeated scandals of corruption and low trust in political parties, this does not happen everywhere. For example, how do you explain the absence of populism in Chile and Brasil? Santiago de Chile – Spring 2016 BC: A few things have to be considered here. First, the benchmark for populist success in Latin America is higher than in Europe. Chavismo has been extremely populist and in power for more than 15 years. A similar story is found in Ecuador or Bolivia. In Mexico, which is usually not considered one of the strongest cases of populism in Latin America a very populist candidate lost by very small margins in the two last presidential elections – and that is a better performance by a populist than in almost any European country ever. In Chile we observe a similar story. In Kirk Hawkins’ and mine coding of manifestos and campaign speeches for populism, the 2013 Chilean presidential campaign is one of the lowest scores in Latin America but has as much populism as some European countries usually considered typical (concerning) cases of populism.

https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611363283#8_1161807632

Title: Populism in Latin America: a double interview – POP Headings: Populism in Latin America: a double interview Populism in Latin America: a double interview Content: Chavismo has been extremely populist and in power for more than 15 years. A similar story is found in Ecuador or Bolivia. In Mexico, which is usually not considered one of the strongest cases of populism in Latin America a very populist candidate lost by very small margins in the two last presidential elections – and that is a better performance by a populist than in almost any European country ever. In Chile we observe a similar story. In Kirk Hawkins’ and mine coding of manifestos and campaign speeches for populism, the 2013 Chilean presidential campaign is one of the lowest scores in Latin America but has as much populism as some European countries usually considered typical (concerning) cases of populism. For example, Marco Enriquez Ominami’s speeches score a 1, on a 0-2 scale, and he received a bit more than 10% of the votes. That is about as much as observed in Geert Wilders’ PVV manifesto, who received a very similar vote-share in the 2012 Dutch elections. So, to give some perspective, a typical case of “absence of populism” in Latin America has as much success of populism as a typical case of successful populism in Europe. SR: A first answer would be that the institutional context in these two countries plays against the likely rise of populism to power.

https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611363283#9_1161809326

Title: Populism in Latin America: a double interview – POP Headings: Populism in Latin America: a double interview Populism in Latin America: a double interview Content: For example, Marco Enriquez Ominami’s speeches score a 1, on a 0-2 scale, and he received a bit more than 10% of the votes. That is about as much as observed in Geert Wilders’ PVV manifesto, who received a very similar vote-share in the 2012 Dutch elections. So, to give some perspective, a typical case of “absence of populism” in Latin America has as much success of populism as a typical case of successful populism in Europe. SR: A first answer would be that the institutional context in these two countries plays against the likely rise of populism to power. Although both countries have presidential systems of government, they combine this institutional feature with an electoral system that contributed to the development of highly fragmented party systems, which on the other hand induces political parties to form coalitions in Congress. In Chile, the binomial electoral system led to the development of two stable, pre-electoral party coalitions that compete for power. In Brazil, the candidate-centered electoral system led to the development of more flexible pre- and post-electoral coalitions supporting different presidential candidates. However, this feature did not entirely preclude the rise of populism to power in Brazil, as the example of Fernando Collor de Mello in the beginning of the 1990s shows. Staying in power, on the other hand, may be more difficult for populists especially in more fragmented contexts.

https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611363283#10_1161811162

Title: Populism in Latin America: a double interview – POP Headings: Populism in Latin America: a double interview Populism in Latin America: a double interview Content: Although both countries have presidential systems of government, they combine this institutional feature with an electoral system that contributed to the development of highly fragmented party systems, which on the other hand induces political parties to form coalitions in Congress. In Chile, the binomial electoral system led to the development of two stable, pre-electoral party coalitions that compete for power. In Brazil, the candidate-centered electoral system led to the development of more flexible pre- and post-electoral coalitions supporting different presidential candidates. However, this feature did not entirely preclude the rise of populism to power in Brazil, as the example of Fernando Collor de Mello in the beginning of the 1990s shows. Staying in power, on the other hand, may be more difficult for populists especially in more fragmented contexts. BC: Now, the question then is why these cases do not have populists in power for two decades. For Latin American standards, Chile (like Uruguay, another negative case of populism) has fairly low levels of corruption and a functioning state with decent provision of public goods – the two main explanations for populism in the region. Brazil is perhaps more complicated. Corruption and trust in government are among the lowest in the region, and have been for a long time.

https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611363283#11_1161812892

Title: Populism in Latin America: a double interview – POP Headings: Populism in Latin America: a double interview Populism in Latin America: a double interview Content: BC: Now, the question then is why these cases do not have populists in power for two decades. For Latin American standards, Chile (like Uruguay, another negative case of populism) has fairly low levels of corruption and a functioning state with decent provision of public goods – the two main explanations for populism in the region. Brazil is perhaps more complicated. Corruption and trust in government are among the lowest in the region, and have been for a long time. However, and this is an explanation that is not necessarily backed by extensive research, a) its post-dictatorship party system is more stable than it’s given credit (what might be changing with the current massive corruption probes), and in 2002, the most auspicious scenario for populism in the country up to now, Lula da Silva was a functional equivalent for a populist leader – an outsider promising deep structural reforms. He did not use a populist discourse in that specific campaign, but the rest was probably close enough to mobilize any populist dissatisfied voters. Now, with the current apparent collapse of the political system (almost every main politician is being investigated on corruption probes as I write), it might be that the 2018 presidential elections will bring a populist resurgence to the country. 4) Venezuela has been governed first by Hugo Chávez and now by Nicolás Maduro, two textbook left-wing populist politicians. Currently the economic and social situation is dramatic.

https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611363283#12_1161814777

Title: Populism in Latin America: a double interview – POP Headings: Populism in Latin America: a double interview Populism in Latin America: a double interview Content: However, and this is an explanation that is not necessarily backed by extensive research, a) its post-dictatorship party system is more stable than it’s given credit (what might be changing with the current massive corruption probes), and in 2002, the most auspicious scenario for populism in the country up to now, Lula da Silva was a functional equivalent for a populist leader – an outsider promising deep structural reforms. He did not use a populist discourse in that specific campaign, but the rest was probably close enough to mobilize any populist dissatisfied voters. Now, with the current apparent collapse of the political system (almost every main politician is being investigated on corruption probes as I write), it might be that the 2018 presidential elections will bring a populist resurgence to the country. 4) Venezuela has been governed first by Hugo Chávez and now by Nicolás Maduro, two textbook left-wing populist politicians. Currently the economic and social situation is dramatic. However, Maduro “has responded to bad news with bluster (he blames foreign and domestic “mafias”) and denial.” [ 1] Do you think this is a typical populist reaction? And how can “the people” be at the center of Maduro’s political discourse while the same people is in the street asking for his resignation? Puppet of Hugo Chávez SR: I would not characterize Maduro as a classical populist.

https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_611363283#14_1161817981

Title: Populism in Latin America: a double interview – POP Headings: Populism in Latin America: a double interview Populism in Latin America: a double interview Content: For one, he came to power in the aftermath of Hugo Chavez’ death and through an electoral process that has been labeled as highly flawed by international observers. Second, populism in its essence is (radical) democratic – at least in a Rousseauan sense – where power should ultimately rest in ‘the people’. As soon as power is used to oppress opposition forces and constrain individual liberties we are more in the area of competitive authoritarianism than populist democracy. BC: Not necessarily a typical populist reaction. There’s never been a politician who willfully took the blame for conducting their country to chaos. Even less so authoritarian ones. It’s always the circumstances, foreign powers, internal saboteurs, etc. That’s how Putin reacts to Russia’s economic

https://populismobserver.com/2017/06/15/populism-in-latin-america-a-double-interview/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_623666561#2_1188705793

Title: Genetics - American Porphyria Foundation Headings: Genetics Genetics Inheritance of the Porphyrias Basic Genetics Content: PCT is unique as it is the only porphyria where most patients do not have mutations in a gene, but instead have acquired, or sporadic, PCT. Type Inheritance Deficient Enzyme Gene ALA-Dehydratase Porphyria (ADP) Autosomal recessive ALA-Dehydratase ALAD Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) Autosomal dominant Hydroxymethylbilane synthase (Porphobilinogen deaminase) HMBS Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (CEP) Autosomal recessive Uroporphyrinogen III synthase UROS Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT), familial form Autosomal dominant Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase UROD Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria (HEP) Autosomal recessive Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase UROD Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP) Autosomal dominant Coproporphyrinogen oxidase CPOX Variegate Porphyria (VP) Autosomal dominant Protoporphyrinogen oxidase PPOX Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP) X-linked Protoporphyria (XLP) Autosomal recessive X-linked Ferrochelatase δ-Aminolevulinate synthase 2 FECH ALAS2 The inherited porphyrias are either autosomal dominant (inherited from one parent), autosomal recessive (inherited from both parents), or X-linked (the gene is located on the X-chromosome). " Autosomal" genes always occur in pairs, with one coming from each parent. Individuals with an autosomal dominant form of porphyria have one mutated gene paired with a normal gene, and there is a 50% chance with each pregnancy that the mutated gene will be passed to a child. Dominant genetic disorders occur when only a single copy of an abnormal gene is necessary for the appearance of the disease. The abnormal gene can be inherited from either parent, or can be the result of a new mutation (gene change) in the affected individual. The risk of passing the abnormal gene from affected parent to offspring is 50% for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child. Individuals with an autosomal recessive type of porphyria have mutations on both copies of a specific gene, one passed to them from each of their parents. Each of their children will inherit one mutated gene for that porphyria, and the child will be a “carrier” but will not have symptoms. In X-linked disorders, the gene is located on one of the sex chromosomes, called the X-chromosome.

https://porphyriafoundation.org/for-patients/about-porphyria/genetics/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_629610807#0_1201854115

Title: Headings: CAPTA Notification FAQ CAPTA Notification FAQ What is CAPTA, CARA and the corresponding CT State specific CAPTA legislation? How does this federal and state legislation impact current practice in Connecticut? What is the difference between a report and notification? What specific substances are included and excluded in the notification? What about marijuana use and medical marijuana? What information is provided during the notification? Is there a time frame for when the notification must be made? What is the process for making the CAPTA Notification? What is a Plan of Safe Care (POSC)? How does the POSC get verified at the time of the birthing event? How are multiple births handled? If a birth occurs in Connecticut and mom and baby reside out of state, how should this be handled? How was this process designed? How can I get more information regarding this? Content: CAPTA Notification FAQ CAPTA Notification FAQ What is CAPTA, CARA and the corresponding CT State specific CAPTA legislation? The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) was originally enacted in 1974 and reauthorized in 2010 to include a policy requiring states to implement a notification process to DCF when a baby is born who has been prenatally exposed to substances. The Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA) was signed into federal law in 2016, with the aim to address the problem of opioid addiction in the United States and offered amendments to CAPTA. Specifically included in the CAPTA/CARA requirements are: States are to develop policies and procedures for the notification to child protective services of the birth of an infant affected by prenatal drug or alcohol exposure Work with stakeholders to ensure the development of a Plan of Safe Care for infants who are prenatally exposed Develop a process for referrals to screening and early intervention services Healthcare providers involved in the delivery of care of an infant born substance exposed must notify child protective services. A plan of safe care is to be developed for these infants and their families. The requirements are intended to provide the needed services and supports for infants with prenatal exposure, their mothers with substance use disorders and their families to ensure a comprehensive response to the effects of prenatal exposure. Congress stated that these reports to CPS, on their own, are not grounds to substantiate child abuse or neglect. The establishment of a Plan of Safe Care to address the needs of both the infant and parent(s), Amending the legislation to include the needs of infants born with and identified as being affected by substance misuse or withdrawal symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure, or a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. CT state legislation requires:

https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/DCF/CAPTA/CAPTAFAQ.pdf

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_629610807#1_1201858856

Title: Headings: CAPTA Notification FAQ CAPTA Notification FAQ What is CAPTA, CARA and the corresponding CT State specific CAPTA legislation? How does this federal and state legislation impact current practice in Connecticut? What is the difference between a report and notification? What specific substances are included and excluded in the notification? What about marijuana use and medical marijuana? What information is provided during the notification? Is there a time frame for when the notification must be made? What is the process for making the CAPTA Notification? What is a Plan of Safe Care (POSC)? How does the POSC get verified at the time of the birthing event? How are multiple births handled? If a birth occurs in Connecticut and mom and baby reside out of state, how should this be handled? How was this process designed? How can I get more information regarding this? Content: A plan of safe care is to be developed for these infants and their families. The requirements are intended to provide the needed services and supports for infants with prenatal exposure, their mothers with substance use disorders and their families to ensure a comprehensive response to the effects of prenatal exposure. Congress stated that these reports to CPS, on their own, are not grounds to substantiate child abuse or neglect. The establishment of a Plan of Safe Care to address the needs of both the infant and parent(s), Amending the legislation to include the needs of infants born with and identified as being affected by substance misuse or withdrawal symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure, or a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. CT state legislation requires: The DCF Commissioner, in consultation with other departments, agencies, or entities concerned with the health and well-being of children, to develop guidelines for the safe care of newborns with Substance Exposure. The creation of written Plans of Safe Care, which must be developed between the providers and mothers of the newborns. A provider involved in the delivery or care of a newborn who, in the provider’s estimation, is exposed to substances in utero or exhibits physical, neurological, or behavioral symptoms consistent with prenatal substance exposure, associated withdrawal symptoms, or fetal alcohol spectrum disorder must notify DCF of these conditions in the newborn. How does this federal and state legislation impact current practice in Connecticut? Effective March 15, 2019, birthing hospitals, will be required to notify DCF when an infant with prenatal substance exposure is born or presents with suspicions of abuse or neglect, through an online portal.

https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/DCF/CAPTA/CAPTAFAQ.pdf

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_643671798#4_1223555944

Title: Portlands Urban Growth Boundary Explained | Living in Portland Headings: Portlands Urban Growth Boundary Explained Portlands Urban Growth Boundary Explained Portlands Urban Growth Boundary Explained The Metro Council by law has to keep 20 years of developable land within the urban growth boundary. Three years ago, the Metro Council took a look around greater Portland and saw two things: Thousands of acres of vacant, developable land, and thousands of units of apartments under construction in Portland. What’s the urban growth boundary? Why does Portland have one? How does it work? Portland’s shared UGB How can we handle our growth and limit our sprawl? Doesn’t the UGB cause density? Does the UGB cause rents and house prices to go up? I heard that Metro has expanded the UGB dozens of times. What’s the point of having a boundary if it can be expanded indefinitely? Is there a limit to how far the UGB can expand? Can the UGB expand because one of the region’s 24 cities is growing particularly quickly? The Metro process What’s the urban growth report? How does Metro pick where to expand the UGB? The 2018 analysis What’s new in this year’s UGB review? Where might the UGB expand this year? How does the council choose? UPDATE: January 2019 the following expansion was approved by Metro. Beaverton / Cooper Mountain 1,242 acres, 3,760 homes Hillsboro / Witch Hazel South 150 acres, 850 homes King City / Beef Bend South 528 acres, 3,300 homes Wilsonville / Frog Pond 271 acres, 1,325 homes For more information on these developments: Content: How does it work? Metro is responsible for ensuring that there’s enough land in the UGB for 20 years of growth – even if the UGB wasn’t expanded, we wouldn’t run out of room for two decades. Inside of an urban growth boundary, cities around Oregon can plan what they want their communities to look like. They can then expand their UGB if they can show state regulators that they need more developable land. State regulators then look to see that cities followed the state’s rules and goals in managing their growth, ranging from addressing people’s housing needs to using existing land efficiently, to adequate citizen engagement, to choosing land with minimal impacts to farms and forests. There’s one exception to the every-city-has-a-UGB rule: In greater Portland, Metro manages the shared urban growth boundary for the 24 cities in the area, from Troutdale in the east to Wilsonville in the south, to Forest Grove in the west. Metro is responsible for ensuring that there’s enough land in the UGB for 20 years of growth – even if the UGB wasn’t expanded, we wouldn’t run out of room for two decades. That’s where demographers, developers, economists, and land conservation advocates discuss what we can expect growth to look like, where future residents will want to live, and how efficient greater Portland is with the growth already in its UGB. Portland’s shared UGB How can we handle our growth and limit our sprawl?

https://portlandmyway.com/portlands-urban-growth-boundary/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_643671798#13_1223583312

Title: Portlands Urban Growth Boundary Explained | Living in Portland Headings: Portlands Urban Growth Boundary Explained Portlands Urban Growth Boundary Explained Portlands Urban Growth Boundary Explained The Metro Council by law has to keep 20 years of developable land within the urban growth boundary. Three years ago, the Metro Council took a look around greater Portland and saw two things: Thousands of acres of vacant, developable land, and thousands of units of apartments under construction in Portland. What’s the urban growth boundary? Why does Portland have one? How does it work? Portland’s shared UGB How can we handle our growth and limit our sprawl? Doesn’t the UGB cause density? Does the UGB cause rents and house prices to go up? I heard that Metro has expanded the UGB dozens of times. What’s the point of having a boundary if it can be expanded indefinitely? Is there a limit to how far the UGB can expand? Can the UGB expand because one of the region’s 24 cities is growing particularly quickly? The Metro process What’s the urban growth report? How does Metro pick where to expand the UGB? The 2018 analysis What’s new in this year’s UGB review? Where might the UGB expand this year? How does the council choose? UPDATE: January 2019 the following expansion was approved by Metro. Beaverton / Cooper Mountain 1,242 acres, 3,760 homes Hillsboro / Witch Hazel South 150 acres, 850 homes King City / Beef Bend South 528 acres, 3,300 homes Wilsonville / Frog Pond 271 acres, 1,325 homes For more information on these developments: Content: In theory, the UGB could expand in perpetuity, but the reality is that for the next 50 years, the UGB is unlikely to expand beyond the 23,000-or-so acres of urban reserves around greater Portland. Can the UGB expand because one of the region’s 24 cities is growing particularly quickly? It can, but only under certain circumstances – primarily, that the city must show that it has a plan to support new development on newly urbanized land and that the region as a whole needs more acreage for development. More on that below. The Metro process What’s the urban growth report? Every six years, Metro has to put together a report on growth in greater Portland – how much we’ve had, how much we expect, where people are living, and how much land there is for future development. It’s a complex, peer-reviewed snapshot of growth in the metro area, aimed primarily at calculating how much land is needed for 20 years of future growth. The last urban growth report was done in 2015 and was heavily informed by the budding surge in apartment construction in greater Portland. It found that the region easily had enough land to accommodate 20 more years of growth. Suburban leaders and developers were somewhat skeptical of the apartment boom and asked Metro to revisit the UGB in 2018, three years earlier than usual.

https://portlandmyway.com/portlands-urban-growth-boundary/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_650067832#1_1237723916

Title: The Positive and Negative Effects of The Crusades Headings: Positive and Negative Effects of The Crusades Positive and Negative Effects of The Crusades What were the Crusades? How have the views of the Crusades changed? What were the positive effects of the Crusades? The spread of modern banking in Europe The Crusades weakened Feudalism The Transfer of Ideas Expanded trade and urban prosperity Rise of the merchant class The negative effects of the Crusades War and senseless violence Opened the door for invasion Rise in antisemitism Modern justifications for violence The Verdict Alan Behrens Content: What were the Crusades? Before we discuss their impact, you should know what the Crusades were. The Crusades were a series of religious conflicts between Muslims and Christians in the Eastern Mediterranean, starting in 1095. It originated at the Council Clermont from a speech by Pope Urban. In that speech, he made a call to arms to assist the Byzantine Empire in their war against the Seljuk Turks. Included was the demand for an armed pilgrimage to the holy city of Jerusalem. An enthusiastic response met the Pope’s call to action, and European lords sent thousands of soldiers east to fight. Early results led to the establishment of kingdoms like Jerusalem and the Principality of Antioch. Within two centuries, though, the entire Levant was reclaimed after Acre fell in 1291. As a side note, the Reconquista in Spain is a Crusade, but not what historians refer to when discussing this period.

https://positivenegativeimpact.com/crusades

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_650067832#15_1237749279

Title: The Positive and Negative Effects of The Crusades Headings: Positive and Negative Effects of The Crusades Positive and Negative Effects of The Crusades What were the Crusades? How have the views of the Crusades changed? What were the positive effects of the Crusades? The spread of modern banking in Europe The Crusades weakened Feudalism The Transfer of Ideas Expanded trade and urban prosperity Rise of the merchant class The negative effects of the Crusades War and senseless violence Opened the door for invasion Rise in antisemitism Modern justifications for violence The Verdict Alan Behrens Content: The violence wasn’t even only against Muslims. Many Europeans used the Crusades as an excuse to carry out horrible massacres of their Jewish neighbors. Nothing the Crusader’s work was pointless. They managed to set up a few short-lived kingdoms, before being driven out in the 13th century. Opened the door for invasion Though I want to point out that this is only a negative impact for Europeans, the Crusades ultimately sped up what it tried to stop – the expansion of Muslim powers into Eastern Europe. The initial purpose of the First Crusade was to drive back the Seljuk Turks but quickly devolved into an obsession with putting Jerusalem back under Christian control. Crusaders did not return conquered land. Instead, they set up competing satellite kingdoms that further weakened Byzantium. By the fourth Crusade, Byzantium and the Crusaders were at war, resulting in the sacking of Constantinople in 1204. Eventually, this led to the fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the Ottoman Empire’s conquest of a large chunk of Eastern Europe.

https://positivenegativeimpact.com/crusades

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_650211489#8_1238123229

Title: Positive and Negative impact of Globalization - Pros and Cons Headings: Positive and Negative impact of Globalization Positive and Negative impact of Globalization The Impact of Globalization Positive Impact of Globalization: Negative Impact of Globalization: Alan Behrens Content: Though globalization can help in the transformation of a developing country to a developed country, it can also prove to be disastrous in many other ways. Many studies show that globalization can be both beneficial and harmful to the developing countries. The increased amount of competition has also resulted in the loss of value of the humanity in the world. People, today, are more connected to technology than family. But technological innovations have also helped the economic progress to a great extent. All the developments that have happened around the world are mainly due to industrialization and globalization. The various cultural barriers have also been lifted as a result of this globalization. The foreign trade would also have not been possible without the technological and industrial developments. Without globalization, no country would have witnessed the remarkable progress in their economies as well as their societies. The integration of the countries has, in fact, opened up to us a wide array of opportunities.

https://positivenegativeimpact.com/globalization

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_650448849#17_1238753444

Title: Positive and Negative Effects of Social Media - What You shoud Know Headings: Positive and Negative Effects of Social Media Positive and Negative Effects of Social Media A Brief History of Social Media What Is Social Media? The Positive Effects of Social Media Maintain and Develop New Relationships Share and Enhance Our Knowledge Promotes Your Business: Provide Information on the Latest Trends: Develops creativity The Negative Effects of Social Media: Mob Rule Bad Habits, Addiction, and even Depression Security Disinformation Is It Good or Bad? Alan Behrens Content: Is It Good or Bad? As you can see, social media can positively and negatively impact the world. It can act as a platform to celebrate and advertise our professional and personal achievements. At the same time, these sites can lead us down a dark road of depression and inadequacy. It’s hard to say exactly what Social Media is because there are so many platforms. You’d be hard-pressed to call Snapchat evil, but a platform like Facebook that has spread misinformation and potentially led to deaths, you wouldn’t. The impact of social media websites in our society mainly depends on us. It’s up to us to stop spreading misinformation and perpetuating bad behavior. We need to get back to the roots of what makes social media great – connecting with other people in meaningful ways. About Latest Posts Alan Behrens Alan Behrens is an experienced writer and our editor-in-chief.

https://positivenegativeimpact.com/social-media

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_651014490#3_1239826006

Title: 20 Effective Communication Techniques To Start Using Today Headings: 20 Effective Communication Techniques to Start Using Today 20 Effective Communication Techniques to Start Using Today This article contains: What Are Communication Techniques? Brief Look at the Research 10 Basic Techniques 3 Real-Life Examples It’s not about the nail. Unspoken Therapeutic and Counseling Techniques Techniques for Relationship Counseling Building Rituals Positive Relationship Timeline Fostering Admiration Effective Communication in Coaching 2 Useful Tools and PDFs 7 Strategies for Managers and Businesses Strategies for Successful Workplace Communication 3 Valuable Books on the Topic 1. Co-Active Coaching: The Proven Framework for Transformative Conversations at Work and in Life – Henry Kimsey-House, Karen Kimsey-House, Phillip Sandahl, and Laura Whitworth 2. The Coaching Habit: Say Less, Ask More & Change the Way You Lead Forever – Michael Bungay Stanier 3. Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes Are High – Kerry Patterson, Joseph Grenny, Ron McMillan, and Al Switzler PositivePsychology.com Resources A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Content: Be as informative as necessary; Be truthful; and Make our contribution easy to understand. When communication (both delivery and receipt of ideas and thoughts) is performed well, we can immerse ourselves in the dialogue. Indeed, in Co-Active Coaching, Kimsey-House, Kimsey-House, Sandahl, and Whitworth (2018) describe three levels of listening: internal listening, where awareness is on ourselves; focused listening, where attention is totally on the coachee; and finally, and most immersive, global listening, where we listen as though both coach and coachee are at the center of the universe. The techniques we use to communicate should actively encourage the fullest communication possible and include active listening, attending, responding, paraphrasing, summarizing, and probing (Kabir, 2017). Brief Look at the Research The desire to improve communication continues to drive research in psychology and business with the overall goal of improving understanding, sharing knowledge, and reducing misunderstanding.

https://positivepsychology.com/adam-grant-give-and-take/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_651014490#5_1239831422

Title: 20 Effective Communication Techniques To Start Using Today Headings: 20 Effective Communication Techniques to Start Using Today 20 Effective Communication Techniques to Start Using Today This article contains: What Are Communication Techniques? Brief Look at the Research 10 Basic Techniques 3 Real-Life Examples It’s not about the nail. Unspoken Therapeutic and Counseling Techniques Techniques for Relationship Counseling Building Rituals Positive Relationship Timeline Fostering Admiration Effective Communication in Coaching 2 Useful Tools and PDFs 7 Strategies for Managers and Businesses Strategies for Successful Workplace Communication 3 Valuable Books on the Topic 1. Co-Active Coaching: The Proven Framework for Transformative Conversations at Work and in Life – Henry Kimsey-House, Karen Kimsey-House, Phillip Sandahl, and Laura Whitworth 2. The Coaching Habit: Say Less, Ask More & Change the Way You Lead Forever – Michael Bungay Stanier 3. Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes Are High – Kerry Patterson, Joseph Grenny, Ron McMillan, and Al Switzler PositivePsychology.com Resources A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Content: Active listening – giving full attention to the speaker and listening with all senses – has received considerable focus due to its ongoing success in occupational and therapeutic settings. A 2014 study in the International Journal of Listening found that participants trained to respond with active listening were higher in conversational satisfaction and social attractiveness (Weger, Bell, Minei, & Robinson, 2014). Further studies within business found that active listening forms a deeper connection between speaker and listener (Spataro & Bloch, 2017). Paraphrasing has also proved successful in improving communication. Indeed, comprehension skills increased in schools when students were trained to repeat back what was understood to have been said, using their own words (Hagaman, Casey, & Reid, 2015). And probing – a “diligent and thorough inquiry or investigation” – using focused and appropriate questions has been shown to improve understanding during communication and facilitate knowledge acquisition (Selvalakshmi, 2012). 10 Basic Techniques Effective communication does not have to be complicated. Indeed, the following list contains basic guidance available to us all in verbal and nonverbal situations: Maintain eye contact. The speaker needs to know that the listener is attending to what is said, and the listener wants assurance that the speaker is engaged in what they are saying to their audience.

https://positivepsychology.com/adam-grant-give-and-take/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_651014490#6_1239834325

Title: 20 Effective Communication Techniques To Start Using Today Headings: 20 Effective Communication Techniques to Start Using Today 20 Effective Communication Techniques to Start Using Today This article contains: What Are Communication Techniques? Brief Look at the Research 10 Basic Techniques 3 Real-Life Examples It’s not about the nail. Unspoken Therapeutic and Counseling Techniques Techniques for Relationship Counseling Building Rituals Positive Relationship Timeline Fostering Admiration Effective Communication in Coaching 2 Useful Tools and PDFs 7 Strategies for Managers and Businesses Strategies for Successful Workplace Communication 3 Valuable Books on the Topic 1. Co-Active Coaching: The Proven Framework for Transformative Conversations at Work and in Life – Henry Kimsey-House, Karen Kimsey-House, Phillip Sandahl, and Laura Whitworth 2. The Coaching Habit: Say Less, Ask More & Change the Way You Lead Forever – Michael Bungay Stanier 3. Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes Are High – Kerry Patterson, Joseph Grenny, Ron McMillan, and Al Switzler PositivePsychology.com Resources A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Content: And probing – a “diligent and thorough inquiry or investigation” – using focused and appropriate questions has been shown to improve understanding during communication and facilitate knowledge acquisition (Selvalakshmi, 2012). 10 Basic Techniques Effective communication does not have to be complicated. Indeed, the following list contains basic guidance available to us all in verbal and nonverbal situations: Maintain eye contact. The speaker needs to know that the listener is attending to what is said, and the listener wants assurance that the speaker is engaged in what they are saying to their audience. Maintain appropriate body language. Consider whether nonverbal techniques could confuse, promote, or negate the message. For example, head shaking, nodding, smiling, leaning forward, leaning back, and how you are sitting or standing while you talk may change the tone and even the content of the message. Use people’s names. When a group is small enough, using someone’s name can begin and maintain rapport while reinforcing a sense of belonging.

https://positivepsychology.com/adam-grant-give-and-take/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_651014490#9_1239841298

Title: 20 Effective Communication Techniques To Start Using Today Headings: 20 Effective Communication Techniques to Start Using Today 20 Effective Communication Techniques to Start Using Today This article contains: What Are Communication Techniques? Brief Look at the Research 10 Basic Techniques 3 Real-Life Examples It’s not about the nail. Unspoken Therapeutic and Counseling Techniques Techniques for Relationship Counseling Building Rituals Positive Relationship Timeline Fostering Admiration Effective Communication in Coaching 2 Useful Tools and PDFs 7 Strategies for Managers and Businesses Strategies for Successful Workplace Communication 3 Valuable Books on the Topic 1. Co-Active Coaching: The Proven Framework for Transformative Conversations at Work and in Life – Henry Kimsey-House, Karen Kimsey-House, Phillip Sandahl, and Laura Whitworth 2. The Coaching Habit: Say Less, Ask More & Change the Way You Lead Forever – Michael Bungay Stanier 3. Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes Are High – Kerry Patterson, Joseph Grenny, Ron McMillan, and Al Switzler PositivePsychology.com Resources A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Content: When a problem has arisen that may affect communication, address it as early as possible. First seek to understand, and then to be understood. Listen to what is being said, and ask questions to remove uncertainty. Only then put forward your views or answers. Ask open-ended questions. Use questions that probe and encourage the other person to open up and explain what they are trying to communicate. Be honest. We are highly developed at detecting when someone is less than truthful; be open and honest in what you say. Use appropriate language.

https://positivepsychology.com/adam-grant-give-and-take/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_652079630#7_1241207364

Title: Top 11 Benefits of Self-Awareness According to Science Headings: Top 11 Benefits of Self-Awareness According to Science Top 11 Benefits of Self-Awareness According to Science This article contains: Is Self-Awareness the Same as Self-Reflection & Introspection? The 6 Benefits of Self-Awareness and Self-Reflection A Look at the Research The Advantages of Practicing Introspection Most Interesting Scientific Findings Negative Affect Student Performance Blind Spots Brain Anatomy 8 Things You Can Do to Realize These Benefits A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: The 6 Benefits of Self-Awareness and Self-Reflection When self-awareness and self-reflection are utilized in a constructive manner, they can greatly impact psychological affect. Improvements in various aspects of life can be achieved through improved awareness of the self and interaction with the environment. It is a practice that can benefit humans in many different areas. Perspective-taking is a benefit of self-awareness. For effective social interaction, one must understand that one is separate from others and that others have different needs and thoughts. Increased perspective-taking enables increased empathic responses to the plight of others. This improves relationships and connections with other human beings. Another benefit of self-awareness is self-control or improved self-regulation. When people understand the expected social norm behavior, it is typically internalized. People feel shame when social standards are not met.

https://positivepsychology.com/benefits-of-self-awareness/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_652079630#11_1241215187

Title: Top 11 Benefits of Self-Awareness According to Science Headings: Top 11 Benefits of Self-Awareness According to Science Top 11 Benefits of Self-Awareness According to Science This article contains: Is Self-Awareness the Same as Self-Reflection & Introspection? The 6 Benefits of Self-Awareness and Self-Reflection A Look at the Research The Advantages of Practicing Introspection Most Interesting Scientific Findings Negative Affect Student Performance Blind Spots Brain Anatomy 8 Things You Can Do to Realize These Benefits A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: Habits are hard to change, but that change is only accomplished with heightened self-awareness. The implications of higher rates of self-awareness in the workplace are far-reaching. Managerial self-awareness creates better relationships in the workplace. It also creates higher results in goal achievement. A Look at the Research Early studies revealed that objective self-awareness (Wicklund, 1975) was a state that induced negative affect. The original self-awareness theory was that thinking was dichotomous, meaning thoughts are either focused inward or outward toward others. People avoided occasions where they were required to be self-aware because it induced heightened self-criticism based on previous experience. What has been found is that gentle self-awareness is tremendously transformational when applied within trusted and safe conditions. Some research (Froming, 1982) looked at the differences between two delineated forms of self-awareness manipulations. Using a mirror will help an individual to be self-aware of the internal presence of the self.

https://positivepsychology.com/benefits-of-self-awareness/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_652079630#13_1241219161

Title: Top 11 Benefits of Self-Awareness According to Science Headings: Top 11 Benefits of Self-Awareness According to Science Top 11 Benefits of Self-Awareness According to Science This article contains: Is Self-Awareness the Same as Self-Reflection & Introspection? The 6 Benefits of Self-Awareness and Self-Reflection A Look at the Research The Advantages of Practicing Introspection Most Interesting Scientific Findings Negative Affect Student Performance Blind Spots Brain Anatomy 8 Things You Can Do to Realize These Benefits A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: An audience helps an individual to become self-aware of the public representation of the self. The two differ in that there are societal expectations that render the self separate. The use of the psychological concept of self-awareness and its application in the workplace has been thoroughly researched (Church, 1997). This research showed that the more managerial self-awareness that existed, the higher the congruence in the performance rating assessments from direct reports. The concept was looked at both as a personality trait and a skill. A manager who is self-aware is a better manager. An effort to reconstruct the human dilemma has made great strides to reinvent self-awareness as a constructive concept in psychology (Silvia, 2004). Humans viewing themselves merely as objects can have detrimental psychological effects on overall well-being. The key to self-awareness is the concept of inclusion of objective and subjective states and the practice of self-compassion (Neff, 2011). For directed change to take place, the ability to reflect on one’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors is paramount.

https://positivepsychology.com/benefits-of-self-awareness/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_652435930#3_1241762657

Title: Building Self-Awareness: 16 Activities and Tools for Meaningful Change Headings: Building Self-Awareness: 16 Activities and Tools for Meaningful Change Building Self-Awareness: 16 Activities and Tools for Meaningful Change This Article Contains: How Do We Develop Self-Awareness? 4 Ways to Increase Self-Awareness 3 Tests, Questionnaires and Assessment Scales 6 Activities, Games, and Exercises to Build Self-Awareness Useful Worksheets and Tools The Self-Awareness Wheel Some Group Exercises Interview Questions, Techniques, and Tips A Look at Journaling for Self-Awareness Self-Awareness and Kids + Activities Training your Self-Awareness: 3 Courses 5 Books on the Topic 1. A theory of objective self awareness – Shelley Duval 2. Self-Awareness (HBR Emotional Intelligence Series) – Harvard Business Review, Daniel Goleman, Robert Steven Kaplan, Susan David, and Tasha Eurich 3. Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ – Daniel Goleman 4. Insight: The Surprising Truth About How Others See Us, How We See Ourselves, and Why the Answers Matter More Than We Think – Tasha Eurich 5. How Emotions Are Made: The Secret Life of The Brain – Lisa Feldman Barrett Ph.D. 5 Interesting Videos and TedTalks 1. How Youth Thrive 2. Increase your self-awareness with one simple fix 3. My Stroke of Insight 4. The Power of Self-Awareness 5. How Self-Awareness Can Help You Live the Life you Want Top Podcasts Inspirational Quotes on Self-Awareness A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: Our thoughts and feelings arise as signals. Developing self-awareness allows us to be no longer swept away by those signals, but instead to objectively and thoughtfully respond to them. Self-aware people understand their internal experience and their impact on the external experience of others. The ability to self-evaluate has been criticized in the past for increasing negative affect. When stimulating self-awareness from the “cool” system of stimuli (Metcalfe & Mischel, 1999), the increase in negative affect can be lessened. A rise in negative emotional affect is a hindrance to progress in self-awareness. When working on self-awareness, it is essential to do so from a self-distanced perspective, with a focus on reasons underlying emotional experience rather than what was emotionally experienced (Kross et al., 2005). An open, objective observation of feelings, senses, desires, and actions can help someone move up the flourishing continuum. There’s no need to relive negative emotions, but rather to notice them and learn from their presence.

https://positivepsychology.com/building-self-awareness-activities/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_652435930#4_1241765566

Title: Building Self-Awareness: 16 Activities and Tools for Meaningful Change Headings: Building Self-Awareness: 16 Activities and Tools for Meaningful Change Building Self-Awareness: 16 Activities and Tools for Meaningful Change This Article Contains: How Do We Develop Self-Awareness? 4 Ways to Increase Self-Awareness 3 Tests, Questionnaires and Assessment Scales 6 Activities, Games, and Exercises to Build Self-Awareness Useful Worksheets and Tools The Self-Awareness Wheel Some Group Exercises Interview Questions, Techniques, and Tips A Look at Journaling for Self-Awareness Self-Awareness and Kids + Activities Training your Self-Awareness: 3 Courses 5 Books on the Topic 1. A theory of objective self awareness – Shelley Duval 2. Self-Awareness (HBR Emotional Intelligence Series) – Harvard Business Review, Daniel Goleman, Robert Steven Kaplan, Susan David, and Tasha Eurich 3. Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ – Daniel Goleman 4. Insight: The Surprising Truth About How Others See Us, How We See Ourselves, and Why the Answers Matter More Than We Think – Tasha Eurich 5. How Emotions Are Made: The Secret Life of The Brain – Lisa Feldman Barrett Ph.D. 5 Interesting Videos and TedTalks 1. How Youth Thrive 2. Increase your self-awareness with one simple fix 3. My Stroke of Insight 4. The Power of Self-Awareness 5. How Self-Awareness Can Help You Live the Life you Want Top Podcasts Inspirational Quotes on Self-Awareness A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: A rise in negative emotional affect is a hindrance to progress in self-awareness. When working on self-awareness, it is essential to do so from a self-distanced perspective, with a focus on reasons underlying emotional experience rather than what was emotionally experienced (Kross et al., 2005). An open, objective observation of feelings, senses, desires, and actions can help someone move up the flourishing continuum. There’s no need to relive negative emotions, but rather to notice them and learn from their presence. Developing self-awareness requires higher-level cognitive processing. It requires an information-gathering perspective. This processing results in increases in adaptability and flexibility. Having increased self-awareness builds resilience. Self-awareness also improves our ability to empathize with others.

https://positivepsychology.com/building-self-awareness-activities/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_652793217#10_1242344913

Title: Characteristics of Effective Counseling and Counselors Headings: Characteristics of Effective Counseling and Counselors Characteristics of Effective Counseling and Counselors This article contains: 3 Characteristics of Counseling Theoretical orientation and effective counseling Common factors Therapeutic alliance Psychoeducation Behavior change 6 Characteristics of a Good Counselor 1. Interpersonal skills 2. Trust 3. Flexibility 4. Hope and optimism 5. Multicultural sensitivity 6. Self-awareness What is Non-Directive Counseling? Counselor assumptions Group Counseling Session Characteristics Two approaches to group counseling Common Characteristics of Clients Readiness to change Deference Self-awareness Self-disclosure A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Content: Another effective way to create behavior change is self-reevaluation. Examining a client’s core beliefs with this core belief worksheet is an excellent way to begin self-reevaluation. 6 Characteristics of a Good Counselor There are six personal characteristics that are critical for good counselors and should be improved upon continually. These include having good interpersonal skills and being trustworthy, flexible, hopeful/optimistic, culturally sensitive, and self-aware. 1. Interpersonal skills Counselors must be able to express themselves clearly and effectively. It is important not only to be able to educate clients about therapeutic topics, but also to gauge the client’s understanding at any given time. Being able to sense what clients are thinking and feeling and relate to them by showing warmth, acceptance, and empathy are cornerstones of effective therapy. You can learn about and improve interpersonal skills and empathy by downloading our Emotional Intelligence Exercises. 2.

https://positivepsychology.com/characteristics-effective-counselors/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_652793217#14_1242353234

Title: Characteristics of Effective Counseling and Counselors Headings: Characteristics of Effective Counseling and Counselors Characteristics of Effective Counseling and Counselors This article contains: 3 Characteristics of Counseling Theoretical orientation and effective counseling Common factors Therapeutic alliance Psychoeducation Behavior change 6 Characteristics of a Good Counselor 1. Interpersonal skills 2. Trust 3. Flexibility 4. Hope and optimism 5. Multicultural sensitivity 6. Self-awareness What is Non-Directive Counseling? Counselor assumptions Group Counseling Session Characteristics Two approaches to group counseling Common Characteristics of Clients Readiness to change Deference Self-awareness Self-disclosure A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Content: 4. Hope and optimism Hope is a wonderful motivator. Effective counselors can find a balance between realism and hope. A good counselor will set realistic goals that engage the client and inspire a more optimistic outlook. As attainable goals are reached, clients will develop a sense of resilience and confidence that can help in all areas of life. These traits are why positive psychology is such an effective method of improving emotional health. 5. Multicultural sensitivity The American Psychological Association recommends that therapists adapt treatment to a client’s cultural values and show respect for differences, beliefs, and attitudes. When working with clients, it is important to be educated and sensitive to issues of race, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, and cultural background. 6.

https://positivepsychology.com/characteristics-effective-counselors/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_652793217#15_1242355116

Title: Characteristics of Effective Counseling and Counselors Headings: Characteristics of Effective Counseling and Counselors Characteristics of Effective Counseling and Counselors This article contains: 3 Characteristics of Counseling Theoretical orientation and effective counseling Common factors Therapeutic alliance Psychoeducation Behavior change 6 Characteristics of a Good Counselor 1. Interpersonal skills 2. Trust 3. Flexibility 4. Hope and optimism 5. Multicultural sensitivity 6. Self-awareness What is Non-Directive Counseling? Counselor assumptions Group Counseling Session Characteristics Two approaches to group counseling Common Characteristics of Clients Readiness to change Deference Self-awareness Self-disclosure A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Content: These traits are why positive psychology is such an effective method of improving emotional health. 5. Multicultural sensitivity The American Psychological Association recommends that therapists adapt treatment to a client’s cultural values and show respect for differences, beliefs, and attitudes. When working with clients, it is important to be educated and sensitive to issues of race, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, and cultural background. 6. Self-awareness An effective counselor can separate personal issues from those of the client. Countertransference is a phenomenon described by Freud where issues expressed by a client lead to an emotional reaction of the therapist. When counselors can identify and manage responses to their own issues, they will be less likely to react to them during sessions, and it will eliminate any detrimental effects on therapy.

https://positivepsychology.com/characteristics-effective-counselors/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_657415312#3_1248776941

Title: 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults Headings: 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults This Article Contains: 17 Activities for Building Happiness in Life (PDF) The Importance of Fit Realistic Expectations 3 Pathways to Happiness 1. The Pleasant Life 2. The Engaged Life 3. The Meaningful Life The Happiness Action Pack From Languishing to Flourishing: 11 Research-Based Tools for Increasing Well-Being 32 Proven Techniques that Increase Happiness Pleasure: Meaning Engagement How Behavioral Activation Works Positive Clinical Psychology (Therapy Model) Positive Psychology Coaching 28 Exercises for Finding and Building Upon Happiness Positive Inception 26 Activities for Adults to Create more Happiness in Life Gamified happiness Happiness Practices from Around The World PERMA Model of Wellbeing Friendship Building Conversation Forgiveness Time Capsule Best Self in a Relationship 14 Activities for Groups Valuable Questionnaires Worksheets Aimed at Building Happiness The Happiness Trap Worksheet (PDF) Other Recommended Tools 9 Self-Actualization Behaviors A Take Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Content: Thanks to professor Mihaly Csikszenmihalyi, one of the founding fathers in the field of positive psychology who devoted his life to answering this question, we know today that: “Happiness is a condition that must be prepared for, cultivated and defended privately by each person.” As those who have fallen in love or won a lottery can attest to, over time we all return home to that familiar level of contentment and our old self that fits all too well. As Parks, Schueller and Tasimi suggest in The Oxford Handbook of Happiness, what we need instead is a field of empirically supported self-help (ESS-H) rooted in research-based materials accessible to the wider public searching for proven techniques to increase happiness (2013). 17 Activities for Building Happiness in Life (PDF) Well established research in positive psychology (Parks, Schueller and Tasimi, 2013) shows that a lasting change in levels of life satisfaction depends on combining activities from at least 3 key areas of well-being that include enjoyment, engagement and meaning and can be sustained by picking techniques that encourage motivation, or simply put those that you will enjoy and persevere in. To help guide you in choosing interventions, we begin every section by reminding you of the importance of fit and by briefly introducing a proven happiness theory that outlines the components necessary for enhancing well-being effectively. The Importance of Fit Happiness activities work better if they align with our interests, goals, values and personality according to Sheldon and Lyubomirsky (2006) who propose the idea of “fit” when implementing exercises to boost life satisfaction. Preference proved to be an important consideration in Schueller (2010) study where a participants’ self-reported inclinations toward a technique determined the number of days they engaged in the assignment over a week period. “A joyful life is an individual creation that cannot be copied from a recipe.” Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi Similar approach was taken by Parks (2012) whose subjects tried a variety of exercises first and then chosen one or two to continue practicing.

https://positivepsychology.com/happiness-activities-exercises-tools/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_657415312#7_1248789415

Title: 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults Headings: 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults This Article Contains: 17 Activities for Building Happiness in Life (PDF) The Importance of Fit Realistic Expectations 3 Pathways to Happiness 1. The Pleasant Life 2. The Engaged Life 3. The Meaningful Life The Happiness Action Pack From Languishing to Flourishing: 11 Research-Based Tools for Increasing Well-Being 32 Proven Techniques that Increase Happiness Pleasure: Meaning Engagement How Behavioral Activation Works Positive Clinical Psychology (Therapy Model) Positive Psychology Coaching 28 Exercises for Finding and Building Upon Happiness Positive Inception 26 Activities for Adults to Create more Happiness in Life Gamified happiness Happiness Practices from Around The World PERMA Model of Wellbeing Friendship Building Conversation Forgiveness Time Capsule Best Self in a Relationship 14 Activities for Groups Valuable Questionnaires Worksheets Aimed at Building Happiness The Happiness Trap Worksheet (PDF) Other Recommended Tools 9 Self-Actualization Behaviors A Take Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Content: pleasure, engagement, and meaning. 1. The Pleasant Life Endorsed by hedonic theories of happiness, the pleasant life is a dimension of human experience that consists of experiencing positive emotions about the past, present and future. Positive psychology interventions teach us skills to amplify the intensity and duration of these emotions. Positive emotions about the past can include pride, fulfillment, satisfaction, contentment, and serenity. When we feel good about the future, we often describe it as hope, optimism, confidence, faith, and trust. In the present we experience positive emotions through savoring and mindfulness. 2. The Engaged Life The engaged life is a dimension of happiness that relates to the pursuit of involvement, engagement, and absorption in work, leisure and relationships. Stemming from Csikszentmihalyi’s (1990) work on flow, the notion of engagement is exemplified by a person experiencing the psychological state brought about by such intense concentration that it results in temporal distortion where we lose sense of time.

https://positivepsychology.com/happiness-activities-exercises-tools/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_657415312#8_1248792021

Title: 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults Headings: 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults This Article Contains: 17 Activities for Building Happiness in Life (PDF) The Importance of Fit Realistic Expectations 3 Pathways to Happiness 1. The Pleasant Life 2. The Engaged Life 3. The Meaningful Life The Happiness Action Pack From Languishing to Flourishing: 11 Research-Based Tools for Increasing Well-Being 32 Proven Techniques that Increase Happiness Pleasure: Meaning Engagement How Behavioral Activation Works Positive Clinical Psychology (Therapy Model) Positive Psychology Coaching 28 Exercises for Finding and Building Upon Happiness Positive Inception 26 Activities for Adults to Create more Happiness in Life Gamified happiness Happiness Practices from Around The World PERMA Model of Wellbeing Friendship Building Conversation Forgiveness Time Capsule Best Self in a Relationship 14 Activities for Groups Valuable Questionnaires Worksheets Aimed at Building Happiness The Happiness Trap Worksheet (PDF) Other Recommended Tools 9 Self-Actualization Behaviors A Take Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Content: When we feel good about the future, we often describe it as hope, optimism, confidence, faith, and trust. In the present we experience positive emotions through savoring and mindfulness. 2. The Engaged Life The engaged life is a dimension of happiness that relates to the pursuit of involvement, engagement, and absorption in work, leisure and relationships. Stemming from Csikszentmihalyi’s (1990) work on flow, the notion of engagement is exemplified by a person experiencing the psychological state brought about by such intense concentration that it results in temporal distortion where we lose sense of time. This true involvement is possible when our skill levels are sufficient to meet the challenge of the task and is often described as being “at one” with the experience. 3. The Meaningful Life The meaningful life is the third dimension of Seligman’s conceptualization of happiness and is concerned with the pursuit of meaning. Victor Frankl (1963), who pioneered the study of meaning, emphasized that simply desiring happiness will not lead to its attainment and argued that true happiness comes as “the unintended consequence of successfully pursuing activities that connect us to larger goals. When you choose from happiness increasing activities listed below keep this mind and while you may decide to pursue only one technique that satisfies all 3 key areas of meaning, engagement and enjoyment, remember to have realistic expectations, consider what motivates you, and if you’re trying something new, practice for at least a few days.

https://positivepsychology.com/happiness-activities-exercises-tools/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_657415312#9_1248795140

Title: 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults Headings: 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults This Article Contains: 17 Activities for Building Happiness in Life (PDF) The Importance of Fit Realistic Expectations 3 Pathways to Happiness 1. The Pleasant Life 2. The Engaged Life 3. The Meaningful Life The Happiness Action Pack From Languishing to Flourishing: 11 Research-Based Tools for Increasing Well-Being 32 Proven Techniques that Increase Happiness Pleasure: Meaning Engagement How Behavioral Activation Works Positive Clinical Psychology (Therapy Model) Positive Psychology Coaching 28 Exercises for Finding and Building Upon Happiness Positive Inception 26 Activities for Adults to Create more Happiness in Life Gamified happiness Happiness Practices from Around The World PERMA Model of Wellbeing Friendship Building Conversation Forgiveness Time Capsule Best Self in a Relationship 14 Activities for Groups Valuable Questionnaires Worksheets Aimed at Building Happiness The Happiness Trap Worksheet (PDF) Other Recommended Tools 9 Self-Actualization Behaviors A Take Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Content: This true involvement is possible when our skill levels are sufficient to meet the challenge of the task and is often described as being “at one” with the experience. 3. The Meaningful Life The meaningful life is the third dimension of Seligman’s conceptualization of happiness and is concerned with the pursuit of meaning. Victor Frankl (1963), who pioneered the study of meaning, emphasized that simply desiring happiness will not lead to its attainment and argued that true happiness comes as “the unintended consequence of successfully pursuing activities that connect us to larger goals. When you choose from happiness increasing activities listed below keep this mind and while you may decide to pursue only one technique that satisfies all 3 key areas of meaning, engagement and enjoyment, remember to have realistic expectations, consider what motivates you, and if you’re trying something new, practice for at least a few days. The Happiness Action Pack The Happiness Action Pack, developed by Action for Happiness with support from Headspace and Vanessa King MAPP, is a ready-made practical handbook for activities based on the 10-key model for happier living that make a cool acronym GREAT DREAM and fall into 2 categories: How we interact with the world: Giving and generosity toward others Relating and connecting through strong and broad social relationships Exercising and taking care of our physical health Awareness and mindful living in the present Trying out and learning new things and experiences Our attitudes toward life: Direction and setting goals for the future Resilience and choosing your attitude toward adversity Emotions and cultivating the upward spiral of good feelings Acceptance of self, others and reality Meaning and being a part of something bigger than ourselves The booklet includes instructions that call us to first define what happiness means to us and explore specific things that make us happy. Then we are encouraged to take one of the free happiness assessments available and to put that knowledge to practice by following simple instructions for their suggested activities:

https://positivepsychology.com/happiness-activities-exercises-tools/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_657415312#13_1248806349

Title: 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults Headings: 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults 100+ Happiness Activities, Exercises, and Tools for Groups and Adults This Article Contains: 17 Activities for Building Happiness in Life (PDF) The Importance of Fit Realistic Expectations 3 Pathways to Happiness 1. The Pleasant Life 2. The Engaged Life 3. The Meaningful Life The Happiness Action Pack From Languishing to Flourishing: 11 Research-Based Tools for Increasing Well-Being 32 Proven Techniques that Increase Happiness Pleasure: Meaning Engagement How Behavioral Activation Works Positive Clinical Psychology (Therapy Model) Positive Psychology Coaching 28 Exercises for Finding and Building Upon Happiness Positive Inception 26 Activities for Adults to Create more Happiness in Life Gamified happiness Happiness Practices from Around The World PERMA Model of Wellbeing Friendship Building Conversation Forgiveness Time Capsule Best Self in a Relationship 14 Activities for Groups Valuable Questionnaires Worksheets Aimed at Building Happiness The Happiness Trap Worksheet (PDF) Other Recommended Tools 9 Self-Actualization Behaviors A Take Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Content: Why it Feels Good to Worry: Use your brain’s desire for novelty seeking and future-mindedness to think of things that you want instead of what you don’t want. You’ll get a similar dopamine release in your brain, feel less stressed out and most importantly, your brain will focus on manifesting what you want. Make Friends: You’ll Live Longer. Make social connection a priority. Create more space and time in your life to do things that are meaningful for you and connect with others who do the same. Savoring: The Deliciousness of Life. Withdraw from your sense of sight and increase the experience of your other senses.

https://positivepsychology.com/happiness-activities-exercises-tools/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_659406524#7_1251379864

Title: Marriage Psychology and Therapy: The Science of Successful Relationships Headings: Marriage Psychology and Therapy: The Science of Successful Relationships Marriage Psychology and Therapy: The Science of Successful Relationships This Article Contains: What is Marriage Psychology? A Look at the Psychology of Marriage Psychological Theories of Marriage Social Exchange Theory Cognitive self-disclosure Duplex Theory of Love Theory of Love as Story The Gottman Method The Five Love Languages What are the Different Marriage Types? 12 Interesting Marriage Psychology Facts Marriage and Family Therapy Beware the Four Horsemen Solution-Oriented Brief Therapy, also called Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Emotionally-Focused Therapy (EFT) How Can Marriage Therapy Help Marital Issues? The Role of a Psychologist in Counseling How to find a great therapist 30 Helpful Questions for Marriage Counseling A Look at the Psychology of Incompatible Couples The Psychology of Divorce How to Best Deal with Marriage Issues and Problems How Can We Restore a Marriage? What Makes a Happy Marriage? 6 Tips for a Successful and Happy Marriage What if the person offends you, but doesn’t apologize? 20 Books on the Topic 1. The Psychology of Marriage: An Evolutionary and Cross-Cultural View – Carol Cronin Weisfeld, Glenn E. Weisfeld, and Lisa Dillon 2. The Good Marriage: How and Why Love Lasts – Judith S. Wallerstein and Sandra Blakeslee 3. Eight Dates: Essential Conversations for a Lifetime of Love – John Gottman Ph.D. and Julie Schwartz Gottman Ph.D., Doug Abrams, and Carlton Abrams M.D. 4. The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work: A Practical Guide from the Country’s Foremost Relationship Expert – John Gottman PhD and Nate Silver 5. The Relationship Cure: A 5 Step Guide to Strengthening Your Marriage, Family, and Friendships – John Gottman 6. 10 Principles for Doing Effective Couples Therapy (North Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology) – Julie Schwartz Gottman, John M. Gottman Ph.D., and Daniel J. Siegel M.D. 7. The 5 Love Languages – Gary Chapman 8. Loving Your Spouse When You Feel Like Walking Away: Real Help for Desperate Hearts in Difficult Marriages – Gary Chapman 9. One More Try: What To Do When Your Marriage is Falling Apart – Gary Chapman 10. When Sorry Isn’t Enough: Making Things Right with Those You Love – Gary D. Chapman 11. Communication in Marriage: How to Communicate with Your Spouse Without Fighting (Better Marriage Series) – Marcus Kusi and Ashley Kusi 12. Emotional and Sexual Intimacy in Marriage: How to Connect or Reconnect With Your Spouse, Grow Together, and Strengthen Your Marriage (Better Marriage Series) – Marcus Kusi and Ashley Kusi 13. No More Fighting: The Relationship Book for Couples: 20 Minutes a Week to a Stronger Relationship – Alicia Munoz LPC 14. Boundaries in Marriage – Henry Cloud and John Townsend 15. Love Is A Decision – Dr Gary Smalley and Dr John Trent 16. The Sex-Starved Marriage: Boosting Your Marriage Libido: A Couple’s Guide – Michele Weiner Davis 17. The Love Fix: Repair and Restore Your Relationship Right Now – Tara Fields PhD 18. To Have and to Hold: Motherhood, Marriage, and the Modern Dilemma – Molly Millwood PhD 19. One Small Step Can Change Your Life: The Kaizen Way – Robert Maurer Ph.D. 20. Ikigai: The Japanese Secret to a Long and Happy Life – Hector Garcia and Francesc Miralles Key Takeaways A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Sign up and download tools Content: Researchers question every conceivable situation around marriage. For example: What brings two people together? What keeps them together? What breaks them apart? How does their union affect their well-being, health, and happiness? How does divorce affect the same variables? Are we supposed to be monogamous? How does having children affect the marriage bond? How does divorce affect children?

https://positivepsychology.com/marriage-fulfillment-lifelong-relationship/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_659406524#8_1251384176

Title: Marriage Psychology and Therapy: The Science of Successful Relationships Headings: Marriage Psychology and Therapy: The Science of Successful Relationships Marriage Psychology and Therapy: The Science of Successful Relationships This Article Contains: What is Marriage Psychology? A Look at the Psychology of Marriage Psychological Theories of Marriage Social Exchange Theory Cognitive self-disclosure Duplex Theory of Love Theory of Love as Story The Gottman Method The Five Love Languages What are the Different Marriage Types? 12 Interesting Marriage Psychology Facts Marriage and Family Therapy Beware the Four Horsemen Solution-Oriented Brief Therapy, also called Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Emotionally-Focused Therapy (EFT) How Can Marriage Therapy Help Marital Issues? The Role of a Psychologist in Counseling How to find a great therapist 30 Helpful Questions for Marriage Counseling A Look at the Psychology of Incompatible Couples The Psychology of Divorce How to Best Deal with Marriage Issues and Problems How Can We Restore a Marriage? What Makes a Happy Marriage? 6 Tips for a Successful and Happy Marriage What if the person offends you, but doesn’t apologize? 20 Books on the Topic 1. The Psychology of Marriage: An Evolutionary and Cross-Cultural View – Carol Cronin Weisfeld, Glenn E. Weisfeld, and Lisa Dillon 2. The Good Marriage: How and Why Love Lasts – Judith S. Wallerstein and Sandra Blakeslee 3. Eight Dates: Essential Conversations for a Lifetime of Love – John Gottman Ph.D. and Julie Schwartz Gottman Ph.D., Doug Abrams, and Carlton Abrams M.D. 4. The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work: A Practical Guide from the Country’s Foremost Relationship Expert – John Gottman PhD and Nate Silver 5. The Relationship Cure: A 5 Step Guide to Strengthening Your Marriage, Family, and Friendships – John Gottman 6. 10 Principles for Doing Effective Couples Therapy (North Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology) – Julie Schwartz Gottman, John M. Gottman Ph.D., and Daniel J. Siegel M.D. 7. The 5 Love Languages – Gary Chapman 8. Loving Your Spouse When You Feel Like Walking Away: Real Help for Desperate Hearts in Difficult Marriages – Gary Chapman 9. One More Try: What To Do When Your Marriage is Falling Apart – Gary Chapman 10. When Sorry Isn’t Enough: Making Things Right with Those You Love – Gary D. Chapman 11. Communication in Marriage: How to Communicate with Your Spouse Without Fighting (Better Marriage Series) – Marcus Kusi and Ashley Kusi 12. Emotional and Sexual Intimacy in Marriage: How to Connect or Reconnect With Your Spouse, Grow Together, and Strengthen Your Marriage (Better Marriage Series) – Marcus Kusi and Ashley Kusi 13. No More Fighting: The Relationship Book for Couples: 20 Minutes a Week to a Stronger Relationship – Alicia Munoz LPC 14. Boundaries in Marriage – Henry Cloud and John Townsend 15. Love Is A Decision – Dr Gary Smalley and Dr John Trent 16. The Sex-Starved Marriage: Boosting Your Marriage Libido: A Couple’s Guide – Michele Weiner Davis 17. The Love Fix: Repair and Restore Your Relationship Right Now – Tara Fields PhD 18. To Have and to Hold: Motherhood, Marriage, and the Modern Dilemma – Molly Millwood PhD 19. One Small Step Can Change Your Life: The Kaizen Way – Robert Maurer Ph.D. 20. Ikigai: The Japanese Secret to a Long and Happy Life – Hector Garcia and Francesc Miralles Key Takeaways A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Sign up and download tools Content: How does their union affect their well-being, health, and happiness? How does divorce affect the same variables? Are we supposed to be monogamous? How does having children affect the marriage bond? How does divorce affect children? How can government actions influence the health of marriage? How does stress affect the relationship? How does a lack of intimacy affect the relationship? What factors increase the odds of divorce? How does the person’s upbringing affect their romantic relationships?

https://positivepsychology.com/marriage-fulfillment-lifelong-relationship/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_659406524#9_1251388599

Title: Marriage Psychology and Therapy: The Science of Successful Relationships Headings: Marriage Psychology and Therapy: The Science of Successful Relationships Marriage Psychology and Therapy: The Science of Successful Relationships This Article Contains: What is Marriage Psychology? A Look at the Psychology of Marriage Psychological Theories of Marriage Social Exchange Theory Cognitive self-disclosure Duplex Theory of Love Theory of Love as Story The Gottman Method The Five Love Languages What are the Different Marriage Types? 12 Interesting Marriage Psychology Facts Marriage and Family Therapy Beware the Four Horsemen Solution-Oriented Brief Therapy, also called Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Emotionally-Focused Therapy (EFT) How Can Marriage Therapy Help Marital Issues? The Role of a Psychologist in Counseling How to find a great therapist 30 Helpful Questions for Marriage Counseling A Look at the Psychology of Incompatible Couples The Psychology of Divorce How to Best Deal with Marriage Issues and Problems How Can We Restore a Marriage? What Makes a Happy Marriage? 6 Tips for a Successful and Happy Marriage What if the person offends you, but doesn’t apologize? 20 Books on the Topic 1. The Psychology of Marriage: An Evolutionary and Cross-Cultural View – Carol Cronin Weisfeld, Glenn E. Weisfeld, and Lisa Dillon 2. The Good Marriage: How and Why Love Lasts – Judith S. Wallerstein and Sandra Blakeslee 3. Eight Dates: Essential Conversations for a Lifetime of Love – John Gottman Ph.D. and Julie Schwartz Gottman Ph.D., Doug Abrams, and Carlton Abrams M.D. 4. The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work: A Practical Guide from the Country’s Foremost Relationship Expert – John Gottman PhD and Nate Silver 5. The Relationship Cure: A 5 Step Guide to Strengthening Your Marriage, Family, and Friendships – John Gottman 6. 10 Principles for Doing Effective Couples Therapy (North Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology) – Julie Schwartz Gottman, John M. Gottman Ph.D., and Daniel J. Siegel M.D. 7. The 5 Love Languages – Gary Chapman 8. Loving Your Spouse When You Feel Like Walking Away: Real Help for Desperate Hearts in Difficult Marriages – Gary Chapman 9. One More Try: What To Do When Your Marriage is Falling Apart – Gary Chapman 10. When Sorry Isn’t Enough: Making Things Right with Those You Love – Gary D. Chapman 11. Communication in Marriage: How to Communicate with Your Spouse Without Fighting (Better Marriage Series) – Marcus Kusi and Ashley Kusi 12. Emotional and Sexual Intimacy in Marriage: How to Connect or Reconnect With Your Spouse, Grow Together, and Strengthen Your Marriage (Better Marriage Series) – Marcus Kusi and Ashley Kusi 13. No More Fighting: The Relationship Book for Couples: 20 Minutes a Week to a Stronger Relationship – Alicia Munoz LPC 14. Boundaries in Marriage – Henry Cloud and John Townsend 15. Love Is A Decision – Dr Gary Smalley and Dr John Trent 16. The Sex-Starved Marriage: Boosting Your Marriage Libido: A Couple’s Guide – Michele Weiner Davis 17. The Love Fix: Repair and Restore Your Relationship Right Now – Tara Fields PhD 18. To Have and to Hold: Motherhood, Marriage, and the Modern Dilemma – Molly Millwood PhD 19. One Small Step Can Change Your Life: The Kaizen Way – Robert Maurer Ph.D. 20. Ikigai: The Japanese Secret to a Long and Happy Life – Hector Garcia and Francesc Miralles Key Takeaways A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Sign up and download tools Content: How can government actions influence the health of marriage? How does stress affect the relationship? How does a lack of intimacy affect the relationship? What factors increase the odds of divorce? How does the person’s upbringing affect their romantic relationships? More recently, researchers are exploring these questions within the context of same-sex couples. From this exploration, therapists are better able to help couples before, during, and after a crisis. A Look at the Psychology of Marriage Relationships can be tricky. Within a married relationship, this is especially true. Aside from ourselves, no single person in our adult lives has as much influence on our health and well-being as our spouse.

https://positivepsychology.com/marriage-fulfillment-lifelong-relationship/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_659965853#5_1252511256

Title: How to Become Mentally Strong: 14 Strategies for Building Resilience Headings: How to Become Mentally Strong: 14 Strategies for Building Resilience How to Become Mentally Strong: 14 Strategies for Building Resilience This Article Contains: How to Be Mentally Strong On Building Resilience and Mental Toughness The 4 C’s of Mental Toughness: (Turner, 2017) 1. Control 2. Commitment 3. Challenge 4. Confidence How to Build Resilience in Adults Increase Mental Strength in Students 1. Teach Specific Skills 2. Let Your Child Make Mistakes 3. Teach Your Child How to Develop Healthy Self-Talk 4. Encourage Your Child to Face Fears Head-On 5. Allow Your Child to Feel Uncomfortable 6. Build Character 7. Make Gratitude a Priority 8. Affirm Personal Responsibility 9. Teach Emotion Regulation Skills 10. Be A Role Model for Mental Strength 14 Ways to Build and Improve Resilience 1. Skill Acquisition 2. Goal Setting 3. Controlled Exposure 11 Further Strategies From The APA 1. Make connections. 2. Avoid seeing crises as insurmountable problems. 3. Accept that change is a part of living. 4. Move toward your goals. (*also suggested by Whitley, 2018) 5. Take decisive actions. 6. Look for opportunities for self-discovery. 7. Nurture a positive view of yourself. 8. Keep things in perspective. 9. Maintain a hopeful outlook. 10. Take care of yourself. 11. Additional ways of strengthening resilience may be helpful. The Road to Resilience (APA) Factors in Resilience Strategies For Building Resilience Learning from your Past Staying Flexible Places to Look for Help Continuing on your Journey The Resilience Builder Program The Realizing Resilience Masterclass Improving Mental Stamina 1. Think Positively 2. Use Visualization 3. Plan for Setbacks 4. Manage Stress 5. Get More Sleep Enhancing Resilience in the Community What Builds Resilient Relationships? Seven Characteristics of Highly Resilient Relationships 1. Active Optimism 2. Honesty, Integrity, Accepting Responsibility for One’s Actions, and the Willingness to Forgive 3. Decisiveness 4. Tenacity 5. Self-Control 6. Interpersonal Connectedness Through Honest Communication 7. Presence of Mind How Do People Learn to Become Resilient for Life? Case Study Showing Ways to Build Resilience How to Get a Better, Stronger and More Confident Mind 1. Get Things Done 2. Monitor Your Progress 3. Do The Right Thing 4. Exercise 5. Be Fearless 6. Stand-up For Yourself 7. Follow Through 8. Think Long-term 9. Don’t Care What Others Think 10. Do More Of What Makes You Happy 5 YouTube Videos on How to Be Mentally Strong A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: It also involves giving up bad habits that hold you back. Morin, 2017 In order to be mentally healthy, we must build up our mental strength! Mental strength is something that is developed over time by individuals who choose to make personal development a priority. Much like seeing physical gains from working out and eating healthier, we must develop healthy mental habits, like practicing gratitude, if we want to experience mental health gains. Likewise, to see physical gains we must also give up unhealthy habits, such as eating junk food, and for mental gains, give up unhealthy habits such as feeling sorry for oneself. We are all able to become mentally stronger, the key is to keep practicing and exercising your mental muscles — just as you would if you were trying to build physical strength! On Building Resilience and Mental Toughness The term “ Resilience ,” commonly used in relation to positive mental health, is actually borrowed from engineering, where it refers to the ability of a substance or object to spring back into shape (“Resilience,” 2019). In the same way that a material object would require strength and flexibility in order to bounce back, so too does an individual require these characteristics in order to be mentally resilient. The American Psychological Association (2014) defines Mental Resilience as: “The process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or even significant sources of stress.”

https://positivepsychology.com/mentally-strong/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_659965853#6_1252515730

Title: How to Become Mentally Strong: 14 Strategies for Building Resilience Headings: How to Become Mentally Strong: 14 Strategies for Building Resilience How to Become Mentally Strong: 14 Strategies for Building Resilience This Article Contains: How to Be Mentally Strong On Building Resilience and Mental Toughness The 4 C’s of Mental Toughness: (Turner, 2017) 1. Control 2. Commitment 3. Challenge 4. Confidence How to Build Resilience in Adults Increase Mental Strength in Students 1. Teach Specific Skills 2. Let Your Child Make Mistakes 3. Teach Your Child How to Develop Healthy Self-Talk 4. Encourage Your Child to Face Fears Head-On 5. Allow Your Child to Feel Uncomfortable 6. Build Character 7. Make Gratitude a Priority 8. Affirm Personal Responsibility 9. Teach Emotion Regulation Skills 10. Be A Role Model for Mental Strength 14 Ways to Build and Improve Resilience 1. Skill Acquisition 2. Goal Setting 3. Controlled Exposure 11 Further Strategies From The APA 1. Make connections. 2. Avoid seeing crises as insurmountable problems. 3. Accept that change is a part of living. 4. Move toward your goals. (*also suggested by Whitley, 2018) 5. Take decisive actions. 6. Look for opportunities for self-discovery. 7. Nurture a positive view of yourself. 8. Keep things in perspective. 9. Maintain a hopeful outlook. 10. Take care of yourself. 11. Additional ways of strengthening resilience may be helpful. The Road to Resilience (APA) Factors in Resilience Strategies For Building Resilience Learning from your Past Staying Flexible Places to Look for Help Continuing on your Journey The Resilience Builder Program The Realizing Resilience Masterclass Improving Mental Stamina 1. Think Positively 2. Use Visualization 3. Plan for Setbacks 4. Manage Stress 5. Get More Sleep Enhancing Resilience in the Community What Builds Resilient Relationships? Seven Characteristics of Highly Resilient Relationships 1. Active Optimism 2. Honesty, Integrity, Accepting Responsibility for One’s Actions, and the Willingness to Forgive 3. Decisiveness 4. Tenacity 5. Self-Control 6. Interpersonal Connectedness Through Honest Communication 7. Presence of Mind How Do People Learn to Become Resilient for Life? Case Study Showing Ways to Build Resilience How to Get a Better, Stronger and More Confident Mind 1. Get Things Done 2. Monitor Your Progress 3. Do The Right Thing 4. Exercise 5. Be Fearless 6. Stand-up For Yourself 7. Follow Through 8. Think Long-term 9. Don’t Care What Others Think 10. Do More Of What Makes You Happy 5 YouTube Videos on How to Be Mentally Strong A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: We are all able to become mentally stronger, the key is to keep practicing and exercising your mental muscles — just as you would if you were trying to build physical strength! On Building Resilience and Mental Toughness The term “ Resilience ,” commonly used in relation to positive mental health, is actually borrowed from engineering, where it refers to the ability of a substance or object to spring back into shape (“Resilience,” 2019). In the same way that a material object would require strength and flexibility in order to bounce back, so too does an individual require these characteristics in order to be mentally resilient. The American Psychological Association (2014) defines Mental Resilience as: “The process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or even significant sources of stress.” A similar concept, Mental Toughness, refers to the ability to stay strong in the face of adversity; to keep your focus and determination despite the difficulties you encounter. A mentally tough individual sees challenge and adversity as an opportunity and not a threat, and has the confidence and positive approach to take what comes in their stride (Strycharczyk, 2015). To be mentally tough, you must have some degree of resilience, but not all resilient individuals are necessarily mentally tough. If you think of it as a metaphor, resilience would be the mountain, while mental toughness might be one of the strategies for climbing that mountain.

https://positivepsychology.com/mentally-strong/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_659965853#7_1252520227

Title: How to Become Mentally Strong: 14 Strategies for Building Resilience Headings: How to Become Mentally Strong: 14 Strategies for Building Resilience How to Become Mentally Strong: 14 Strategies for Building Resilience This Article Contains: How to Be Mentally Strong On Building Resilience and Mental Toughness The 4 C’s of Mental Toughness: (Turner, 2017) 1. Control 2. Commitment 3. Challenge 4. Confidence How to Build Resilience in Adults Increase Mental Strength in Students 1. Teach Specific Skills 2. Let Your Child Make Mistakes 3. Teach Your Child How to Develop Healthy Self-Talk 4. Encourage Your Child to Face Fears Head-On 5. Allow Your Child to Feel Uncomfortable 6. Build Character 7. Make Gratitude a Priority 8. Affirm Personal Responsibility 9. Teach Emotion Regulation Skills 10. Be A Role Model for Mental Strength 14 Ways to Build and Improve Resilience 1. Skill Acquisition 2. Goal Setting 3. Controlled Exposure 11 Further Strategies From The APA 1. Make connections. 2. Avoid seeing crises as insurmountable problems. 3. Accept that change is a part of living. 4. Move toward your goals. (*also suggested by Whitley, 2018) 5. Take decisive actions. 6. Look for opportunities for self-discovery. 7. Nurture a positive view of yourself. 8. Keep things in perspective. 9. Maintain a hopeful outlook. 10. Take care of yourself. 11. Additional ways of strengthening resilience may be helpful. The Road to Resilience (APA) Factors in Resilience Strategies For Building Resilience Learning from your Past Staying Flexible Places to Look for Help Continuing on your Journey The Resilience Builder Program The Realizing Resilience Masterclass Improving Mental Stamina 1. Think Positively 2. Use Visualization 3. Plan for Setbacks 4. Manage Stress 5. Get More Sleep Enhancing Resilience in the Community What Builds Resilient Relationships? Seven Characteristics of Highly Resilient Relationships 1. Active Optimism 2. Honesty, Integrity, Accepting Responsibility for One’s Actions, and the Willingness to Forgive 3. Decisiveness 4. Tenacity 5. Self-Control 6. Interpersonal Connectedness Through Honest Communication 7. Presence of Mind How Do People Learn to Become Resilient for Life? Case Study Showing Ways to Build Resilience How to Get a Better, Stronger and More Confident Mind 1. Get Things Done 2. Monitor Your Progress 3. Do The Right Thing 4. Exercise 5. Be Fearless 6. Stand-up For Yourself 7. Follow Through 8. Think Long-term 9. Don’t Care What Others Think 10. Do More Of What Makes You Happy 5 YouTube Videos on How to Be Mentally Strong A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: A similar concept, Mental Toughness, refers to the ability to stay strong in the face of adversity; to keep your focus and determination despite the difficulties you encounter. A mentally tough individual sees challenge and adversity as an opportunity and not a threat, and has the confidence and positive approach to take what comes in their stride (Strycharczyk, 2015). To be mentally tough, you must have some degree of resilience, but not all resilient individuals are necessarily mentally tough. If you think of it as a metaphor, resilience would be the mountain, while mental toughness might be one of the strategies for climbing that mountain. Strycharczyk (2015) finds it useful to think of the difference in terms of the phrase ‘survive and prosper.’ Resilience helps you to survive, and mental toughness helps you to prosper. Mental toughness begins when you choose to take notice of what’s passing through your mind, without identifying personally with those thoughts or feelings. Then, finding the determination to evoke optimistic thoughts about the situation at hand. According to Strycharczyk and Cloughe (n.d.),

https://positivepsychology.com/mentally-strong/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_659965853#16_1252556552

Title: How to Become Mentally Strong: 14 Strategies for Building Resilience Headings: How to Become Mentally Strong: 14 Strategies for Building Resilience How to Become Mentally Strong: 14 Strategies for Building Resilience This Article Contains: How to Be Mentally Strong On Building Resilience and Mental Toughness The 4 C’s of Mental Toughness: (Turner, 2017) 1. Control 2. Commitment 3. Challenge 4. Confidence How to Build Resilience in Adults Increase Mental Strength in Students 1. Teach Specific Skills 2. Let Your Child Make Mistakes 3. Teach Your Child How to Develop Healthy Self-Talk 4. Encourage Your Child to Face Fears Head-On 5. Allow Your Child to Feel Uncomfortable 6. Build Character 7. Make Gratitude a Priority 8. Affirm Personal Responsibility 9. Teach Emotion Regulation Skills 10. Be A Role Model for Mental Strength 14 Ways to Build and Improve Resilience 1. Skill Acquisition 2. Goal Setting 3. Controlled Exposure 11 Further Strategies From The APA 1. Make connections. 2. Avoid seeing crises as insurmountable problems. 3. Accept that change is a part of living. 4. Move toward your goals. (*also suggested by Whitley, 2018) 5. Take decisive actions. 6. Look for opportunities for self-discovery. 7. Nurture a positive view of yourself. 8. Keep things in perspective. 9. Maintain a hopeful outlook. 10. Take care of yourself. 11. Additional ways of strengthening resilience may be helpful. The Road to Resilience (APA) Factors in Resilience Strategies For Building Resilience Learning from your Past Staying Flexible Places to Look for Help Continuing on your Journey The Resilience Builder Program The Realizing Resilience Masterclass Improving Mental Stamina 1. Think Positively 2. Use Visualization 3. Plan for Setbacks 4. Manage Stress 5. Get More Sleep Enhancing Resilience in the Community What Builds Resilient Relationships? Seven Characteristics of Highly Resilient Relationships 1. Active Optimism 2. Honesty, Integrity, Accepting Responsibility for One’s Actions, and the Willingness to Forgive 3. Decisiveness 4. Tenacity 5. Self-Control 6. Interpersonal Connectedness Through Honest Communication 7. Presence of Mind How Do People Learn to Become Resilient for Life? Case Study Showing Ways to Build Resilience How to Get a Better, Stronger and More Confident Mind 1. Get Things Done 2. Monitor Your Progress 3. Do The Right Thing 4. Exercise 5. Be Fearless 6. Stand-up For Yourself 7. Follow Through 8. Think Long-term 9. Don’t Care What Others Think 10. Do More Of What Makes You Happy 5 YouTube Videos on How to Be Mentally Strong A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: This represents one’s ability to identify and seize an opportunity, and to see situations as opportunities to embrace and explore. This makes sense because if you are confident in yourself and your abilities and engage easily with others, you are more likely to convert challenges into successful outcomes. How to Build Resilience in Adults As mentioned earlier, mental resilience is not a trait that people either have or don’t have. Rather, it involves behaviors, thoughts, and actions that can be learned and developed in everyone. Of course, there may be a genetic component to a person’s level of mental resilience, but it is certainly something that can be built upon. In a paper inspired by the 2013 panel of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Drs. Southwick, Bonanno, Masten, Panter-Brick, and Yehuda (2013) tackled some of the most press

https://positivepsychology.com/mentally-strong/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_660448329#6_1253248139

Title: What is Mindfulness Coloring? + 39 More Creative Mindfulness Art Ideas Headings: What is Mindfulness Coloring? + 39 More Creative Mindfulness Art Ideas What is Mindfulness Coloring? + 39 More Creative Mindfulness Art Ideas This article contains: A Look at Mindfulness and Creativity 8 Benefits of Practicing Mindfulness Through Art Research on Mindfulness and Creativity What is Mindfulness Coloring? Why Mindfulness Coloring Works 19 Free PDF Printable Coloring Pages 7 Mindfulness Coloring Books 1. Stress Less Coloring: Mandalas 2. Colour Yourself Calm 3. Earth and Space Coloring Book 4. Modern Meditation: Coloring For Focus and Creativity 5. Enchanted Forest: An Inky Quest and Coloring book 6. Just Add Color: Mid-Century Modern Animals 7. Mindfulness Coloring Book for Children Finding Mindfulness Through Drawing What is a Mindfulness Jar? What’s In A Mindfulness Jar? (Recipe Includes Glitter) Ingredients Optional Method Now the real fun begins Tips: Mindful Origami Explained 9 Origami Instructions to Follow Knitting as Mindfulness Therapy Mindfulness Advent Calendars for Christmas Mindfulness Prompts to Include: 5 Videos Worth Watching 1. Austin Shaw: mindfulness and creativity 2. Why people believe they can’t draw 3. Why we should draw more 4. The math and magic of origami 5. Art therapy A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Content: Illumination The appearance of a solution in an ‘aha’ moment. Verification If the solution is found to be unsatisfactory the four creative stages can be repeated from the beginning. In many ways, mindfulness encourages creativity and creativity encourages mindfulness. According to De Dreu, Nijstad, Baas, Wolsink, & Roskes (2012), a number of competencies are associated with both mindfulness and creativity. For instance, practicing mindfulness reduces the fear of judgment; this lack of fear is conducive to creativity – indicating that mindfulness may be directly and indirectly related to creative thinking and creative achievement. If we consider mindfulness as encapsulating a state of open-minded, moment-to-moment awareness and involvement it is clear that these factors can also be attributed to the focus required when engaged in creative pursuits. Artists of all abilities can find themselves occupied with tiny, almost unnoticeable details. While mindfulness techniques focus one’s attention on the body or one’s breathing, in art-making the focus is on creating in the moment. When drawing everyday objects like an orange or flowers, the artist may dedicate a substantial amount of time observing the texture and color of an object they may have used every day for years and yet never truly noticed.

https://positivepsychology.com/mindfulness-coloring-art/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_661029329#0_1253983221

Title: 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology Headings: 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology This Article Contains: What is Motivation Psychology? Theories of Motivation Content Theories of Motivation Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs Alderfer’s ERG theory McClelland’s achievement motivation theory Immanuel Kant Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory Process Theories of Motivation Reinforcement theory Adams’ equity theory of motivation Vroom’s expectancy theory Locke’s goal-setting theory Cognitive Theories of Motivation Motivational Theories in Business Theory X and Theory Y Theory Z The Hawthorne Effect Motivational Theories in Sports Psychology Optimal functioning hypothesis Hull–Spence drive theory Arousal-biased competition theory Two memory systems theory Processing efficiency theory Textbooks on Motivation 1. Understanding Motivation and Emotion – Johnmarshall Reeve 2. Motivation: Theories and Principles – Robert C. Beck 3. Motivation – Lambert Deckers 4. Motivation and Emotion Evolutionary Physiological, Developmental, and Social Perspectives – Denys A. deCatanzaro 5. Motivation: A Biosocial and Cognitive Integration of Motivation and Emotion – Eva Dreikus Ferguson 6. Human Motivation – Robert E. Franken 7. The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior – Peter M. Gollwitzer and John Bargh 8. Motivation and Self-Regulation ccross the Life Span – Jutta Heckhausen and Carol S. Dweck 9. Reclaiming Cognition: The Primacy of Action, Intention, and Emotion (Journal of Consciousness Studies) – Rafael Nunez and Walter J. Freeman 10. Motivation: Theory, Research, and Applications – Herbert L. Petri and John M. Govern 11. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The Search for Optimal Motivation and Performance – Carol Sansone and Judith M. Harackiewicz 12. Current Directions in Motivation and Emotion – Association for Psychological Science and Kennon Sheldon 13. The Psychobiology of Human Motivation (Psychology Focus) – Hugh Wagner A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology Home Motivation & Goals 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology Beata Souders, MSc., PsyD candidate 19 22-05-2021 To describe the indescribable seems to be the ambitious undertaking of motivation theories. The many approaches to defining what drives human behavior are best understood when considering the very purpose of creating them, be it increased performance, goal pursuit, resilience, or relapse prevention, to name a few. There is nothing more practical than a good theory. Kurt Lewin There is no single motivation theory that explains all aspects of human motivation, but these theoretical explanations do often serve as the basis for the development of approaches and techniques to increase motivation in distinct areas of human endeavor. This article briefly summarizes existing theories of motivation and their potential real-world applications. Before you continue, we thought you might like to download our three Goal Achievement Exercises for free. These detailed, science-based exercises will help you or your clients create actionable goals and master techniques to create lasting behavior change. This Article Contains: What is Motivation Psychology?

https://positivepsychology.com/motivation-theories-psychology/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_661029329#1_1253987005

Title: 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology Headings: 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology This Article Contains: What is Motivation Psychology? Theories of Motivation Content Theories of Motivation Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs Alderfer’s ERG theory McClelland’s achievement motivation theory Immanuel Kant Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory Process Theories of Motivation Reinforcement theory Adams’ equity theory of motivation Vroom’s expectancy theory Locke’s goal-setting theory Cognitive Theories of Motivation Motivational Theories in Business Theory X and Theory Y Theory Z The Hawthorne Effect Motivational Theories in Sports Psychology Optimal functioning hypothesis Hull–Spence drive theory Arousal-biased competition theory Two memory systems theory Processing efficiency theory Textbooks on Motivation 1. Understanding Motivation and Emotion – Johnmarshall Reeve 2. Motivation: Theories and Principles – Robert C. Beck 3. Motivation – Lambert Deckers 4. Motivation and Emotion Evolutionary Physiological, Developmental, and Social Perspectives – Denys A. deCatanzaro 5. Motivation: A Biosocial and Cognitive Integration of Motivation and Emotion – Eva Dreikus Ferguson 6. Human Motivation – Robert E. Franken 7. The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior – Peter M. Gollwitzer and John Bargh 8. Motivation and Self-Regulation ccross the Life Span – Jutta Heckhausen and Carol S. Dweck 9. Reclaiming Cognition: The Primacy of Action, Intention, and Emotion (Journal of Consciousness Studies) – Rafael Nunez and Walter J. Freeman 10. Motivation: Theory, Research, and Applications – Herbert L. Petri and John M. Govern 11. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The Search for Optimal Motivation and Performance – Carol Sansone and Judith M. Harackiewicz 12. Current Directions in Motivation and Emotion – Association for Psychological Science and Kennon Sheldon 13. The Psychobiology of Human Motivation (Psychology Focus) – Hugh Wagner A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: This article briefly summarizes existing theories of motivation and their potential real-world applications. Before you continue, we thought you might like to download our three Goal Achievement Exercises for free. These detailed, science-based exercises will help you or your clients create actionable goals and master techniques to create lasting behavior change. This Article Contains: What is Motivation Psychology? Theories of Motivation Content Theories of Motivation Process Theories of Motivation Cognitive Theories of Motivation Motivational Theories in Business Motivational Theories in Sports Psychology Textbooks on Motivation A Take-Home Message References What is Motivation Psychology? Motivation psychologists usually attempt to show how motivation varies within a person at different times or among different people at the same time. The purpose of the psychology of motivation is to explain how and why that happens. Broad views of how to understand motivation were created by psychologists based on various types of analyses. Cognitive analyses, behavioral anticipation, and affective devices are often used to account for motivation in terms of expecting an end-state or goal.

https://positivepsychology.com/motivation-theories-psychology/

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Title: 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology Headings: 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology This Article Contains: What is Motivation Psychology? Theories of Motivation Content Theories of Motivation Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs Alderfer’s ERG theory McClelland’s achievement motivation theory Immanuel Kant Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory Process Theories of Motivation Reinforcement theory Adams’ equity theory of motivation Vroom’s expectancy theory Locke’s goal-setting theory Cognitive Theories of Motivation Motivational Theories in Business Theory X and Theory Y Theory Z The Hawthorne Effect Motivational Theories in Sports Psychology Optimal functioning hypothesis Hull–Spence drive theory Arousal-biased competition theory Two memory systems theory Processing efficiency theory Textbooks on Motivation 1. Understanding Motivation and Emotion – Johnmarshall Reeve 2. Motivation: Theories and Principles – Robert C. Beck 3. Motivation – Lambert Deckers 4. Motivation and Emotion Evolutionary Physiological, Developmental, and Social Perspectives – Denys A. deCatanzaro 5. Motivation: A Biosocial and Cognitive Integration of Motivation and Emotion – Eva Dreikus Ferguson 6. Human Motivation – Robert E. Franken 7. The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior – Peter M. Gollwitzer and John Bargh 8. Motivation and Self-Regulation ccross the Life Span – Jutta Heckhausen and Carol S. Dweck 9. Reclaiming Cognition: The Primacy of Action, Intention, and Emotion (Journal of Consciousness Studies) – Rafael Nunez and Walter J. Freeman 10. Motivation: Theory, Research, and Applications – Herbert L. Petri and John M. Govern 11. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The Search for Optimal Motivation and Performance – Carol Sansone and Judith M. Harackiewicz 12. Current Directions in Motivation and Emotion – Association for Psychological Science and Kennon Sheldon 13. The Psychobiology of Human Motivation (Psychology Focus) – Hugh Wagner A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: Theories of Motivation Content Theories of Motivation Process Theories of Motivation Cognitive Theories of Motivation Motivational Theories in Business Motivational Theories in Sports Psychology Textbooks on Motivation A Take-Home Message References What is Motivation Psychology? Motivation psychologists usually attempt to show how motivation varies within a person at different times or among different people at the same time. The purpose of the psychology of motivation is to explain how and why that happens. Broad views of how to understand motivation were created by psychologists based on various types of analyses. Cognitive analyses, behavioral anticipation, and affective devices are often used to account for motivation in terms of expecting an end-state or goal. Motivation psychology is a study of how biological, psychological, and environmental variables contribute to motivation. That is, what do the body and brain contribute to motivation; what mental processes contribute; and finally, how material incentives, goals, and their mental representations motivate individuals. Psychologists research motivation through the use of two different methods.

https://positivepsychology.com/motivation-theories-psychology/

msmarco_v2.1_doc_26_661029329#3_1253994477

Title: 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology Headings: 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology This Article Contains: What is Motivation Psychology? Theories of Motivation Content Theories of Motivation Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs Alderfer’s ERG theory McClelland’s achievement motivation theory Immanuel Kant Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory Process Theories of Motivation Reinforcement theory Adams’ equity theory of motivation Vroom’s expectancy theory Locke’s goal-setting theory Cognitive Theories of Motivation Motivational Theories in Business Theory X and Theory Y Theory Z The Hawthorne Effect Motivational Theories in Sports Psychology Optimal functioning hypothesis Hull–Spence drive theory Arousal-biased competition theory Two memory systems theory Processing efficiency theory Textbooks on Motivation 1. Understanding Motivation and Emotion – Johnmarshall Reeve 2. Motivation: Theories and Principles – Robert C. Beck 3. Motivation – Lambert Deckers 4. Motivation and Emotion Evolutionary Physiological, Developmental, and Social Perspectives – Denys A. deCatanzaro 5. Motivation: A Biosocial and Cognitive Integration of Motivation and Emotion – Eva Dreikus Ferguson 6. Human Motivation – Robert E. Franken 7. The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior – Peter M. Gollwitzer and John Bargh 8. Motivation and Self-Regulation ccross the Life Span – Jutta Heckhausen and Carol S. Dweck 9. Reclaiming Cognition: The Primacy of Action, Intention, and Emotion (Journal of Consciousness Studies) – Rafael Nunez and Walter J. Freeman 10. Motivation: Theory, Research, and Applications – Herbert L. Petri and John M. Govern 11. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The Search for Optimal Motivation and Performance – Carol Sansone and Judith M. Harackiewicz 12. Current Directions in Motivation and Emotion – Association for Psychological Science and Kennon Sheldon 13. The Psychobiology of Human Motivation (Psychology Focus) – Hugh Wagner A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: Motivation psychology is a study of how biological, psychological, and environmental variables contribute to motivation. That is, what do the body and brain contribute to motivation; what mental processes contribute; and finally, how material incentives, goals, and their mental representations motivate individuals. Psychologists research motivation through the use of two different methods. Experimental research is usually conducted in a laboratory and involves manipulating a motivational variable to determine its effects on behavior. Correlational research involves measuring an existing motivational variable to determine how the measured values are associated with behavioral indicators of motivation. Whether you think you can, or think you can’t, you’re right. Henry Ford, 1863–1947 To be motivated means to be moved into action. We are induced into action or thought by either the push of a motive or the pull of an incentive or goal toward some end-state.

https://positivepsychology.com/motivation-theories-psychology/

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Title: 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology Headings: 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology This Article Contains: What is Motivation Psychology? Theories of Motivation Content Theories of Motivation Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs Alderfer’s ERG theory McClelland’s achievement motivation theory Immanuel Kant Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory Process Theories of Motivation Reinforcement theory Adams’ equity theory of motivation Vroom’s expectancy theory Locke’s goal-setting theory Cognitive Theories of Motivation Motivational Theories in Business Theory X and Theory Y Theory Z The Hawthorne Effect Motivational Theories in Sports Psychology Optimal functioning hypothesis Hull–Spence drive theory Arousal-biased competition theory Two memory systems theory Processing efficiency theory Textbooks on Motivation 1. Understanding Motivation and Emotion – Johnmarshall Reeve 2. Motivation: Theories and Principles – Robert C. Beck 3. Motivation – Lambert Deckers 4. Motivation and Emotion Evolutionary Physiological, Developmental, and Social Perspectives – Denys A. deCatanzaro 5. Motivation: A Biosocial and Cognitive Integration of Motivation and Emotion – Eva Dreikus Ferguson 6. Human Motivation – Robert E. Franken 7. The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior – Peter M. Gollwitzer and John Bargh 8. Motivation and Self-Regulation ccross the Life Span – Jutta Heckhausen and Carol S. Dweck 9. Reclaiming Cognition: The Primacy of Action, Intention, and Emotion (Journal of Consciousness Studies) – Rafael Nunez and Walter J. Freeman 10. Motivation: Theory, Research, and Applications – Herbert L. Petri and John M. Govern 11. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The Search for Optimal Motivation and Performance – Carol Sansone and Judith M. Harackiewicz 12. Current Directions in Motivation and Emotion – Association for Psychological Science and Kennon Sheldon 13. The Psychobiology of Human Motivation (Psychology Focus) – Hugh Wagner A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: Experimental research is usually conducted in a laboratory and involves manipulating a motivational variable to determine its effects on behavior. Correlational research involves measuring an existing motivational variable to determine how the measured values are associated with behavioral indicators of motivation. Whether you think you can, or think you can’t, you’re right. Henry Ford, 1863–1947 To be motivated means to be moved into action. We are induced into action or thought by either the push of a motive or the pull of an incentive or goal toward some end-state. Here a motive is understood as an internal disposition that pushes an individual toward a desired end-state where the motive is satisfied, and a goal is defined as the cognitive representation of the desired outcome that an individual attempts to achieve. While a goal guides a behavior that results in achieving it, an incentive is an anticipated feature of the environment that pulls an individual toward or away from a goal. Incentives usually enhance motivation for goal achievement. Emotions act like motives as well. They motivate an individual in a coordinated fashion along multiple channels of affect, physiology, and behavior to adapt to significant environmental changes.

https://positivepsychology.com/motivation-theories-psychology/

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Title: 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology Headings: 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology 20 Most Popular Theories of Motivation in Psychology This Article Contains: What is Motivation Psychology? Theories of Motivation Content Theories of Motivation Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs Alderfer’s ERG theory McClelland’s achievement motivation theory Immanuel Kant Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory Process Theories of Motivation Reinforcement theory Adams’ equity theory of motivation Vroom’s expectancy theory Locke’s goal-setting theory Cognitive Theories of Motivation Motivational Theories in Business Theory X and Theory Y Theory Z The Hawthorne Effect Motivational Theories in Sports Psychology Optimal functioning hypothesis Hull–Spence drive theory Arousal-biased competition theory Two memory systems theory Processing efficiency theory Textbooks on Motivation 1. Understanding Motivation and Emotion – Johnmarshall Reeve 2. Motivation: Theories and Principles – Robert C. Beck 3. Motivation – Lambert Deckers 4. Motivation and Emotion Evolutionary Physiological, Developmental, and Social Perspectives – Denys A. deCatanzaro 5. Motivation: A Biosocial and Cognitive Integration of Motivation and Emotion – Eva Dreikus Ferguson 6. Human Motivation – Robert E. Franken 7. The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior – Peter M. Gollwitzer and John Bargh 8. Motivation and Self-Regulation ccross the Life Span – Jutta Heckhausen and Carol S. Dweck 9. Reclaiming Cognition: The Primacy of Action, Intention, and Emotion (Journal of Consciousness Studies) – Rafael Nunez and Walter J. Freeman 10. Motivation: Theory, Research, and Applications – Herbert L. Petri and John M. Govern 11. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The Search for Optimal Motivation and Performance – Carol Sansone and Judith M. Harackiewicz 12. Current Directions in Motivation and Emotion – Association for Psychological Science and Kennon Sheldon 13. The Psychobiology of Human Motivation (Psychology Focus) – Hugh Wagner A Take-Home Message References How useful was this article to you? About the Author Categories Legal Company Details Contact Content: Here a motive is understood as an internal disposition that pushes an individual toward a desired end-state where the motive is satisfied, and a goal is defined as the cognitive representation of the desired outcome that an individual attempts to achieve. While a goal guides a behavior that results in achieving it, an incentive is an anticipated feature of the environment that pulls an individual toward or away from a goal. Incentives usually enhance motivation for goal achievement. Emotions act like motives as well. They motivate an individual in a coordinated fashion along multiple channels of affect, physiology, and behavior to adapt to significant environmental changes. See our discussion of the motivation cycle and process in the blog post entitled What is Motivation. Theories of Motivation Theories of motivation are often separated into content theories and process theories. In short, content theories explain what motivation is, and process theories describe how motivation occurs. There are also a large number of cognitive theories that relate to motivation and explain how our way of thinking and perceiving ourselves and the world around us can influence our motives. From self-concept, dissonance and mindset to values, orientation and perceived control, these theories explain how our preference toward certain mental constructs can increase or impair our ability to take goal-directed action.

https://positivepsychology.com/motivation-theories-psychology/