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10.1016/j.nicl.2015.02.009 | Psychology_398 | "At the same time, it improves memory performance on a task that depends on the hippocampus." | In each of the three aMCI cohorts, an area localized in the left DG/ CA3 subregion of the hippocampus showed significantly increased BOLD activation during lure trials correctly identified as similar when compared to control subjects (62.5 mg BID, t = 3.074, p = 0.004; 125 mg BID, t = −2.636, p = 0.013 and 250 mg BID, t = 2.070, p = 0.047) (Fig. | "What we've shown is that very low doses of the atypical antiepileptic levetiracetam reduces this over-activity," Gallagher said. "At the same time, it improves memory performance on a task that depends on the hippocampus." Researchers found low doses both improved memory performance and normalized the over-activity detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging that measures brain activity during a memory task. | Consistent with enrollment criteria, participants with aMCI scored significantly lower on immediate and delayed recall on tests of verbal and visual memory (Table 1) . In each of the three aMCI cohorts, an area localized in the left DG/ CA3 subregion of the hippocampus showed significantly increased BOLD activation during lure trials correctly identified as similar when compared to control subjects (62.5 mg BID, t = 3.074, p = 0.004; 125 mg BID, t = −2.636, p = 0.013 and 250 mg BID, t = 2.070, p = 0.047) (Fig. The aMCI participants in each cohort also had a similar profile in the 3-judgment memory task relative to aged-matched controls as assessed by the rates of each response option (old, similar, or new) on the critical lure trials. | [4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2.6 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150311124200.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29 |
10.1093/jcr/ucw012 | Psychology_399 | "In a sense, you become more like what the ads say you are. | Consumers in the behaviorally targeted and the demographically targeted condition felt equally that the ad was matched to personal information from earlier in the experimental session (to a significantly greater extent than participants in the control, nontargeted condition). | It actually makes you feel more environmentally conscious and can change your behavior," said Rebecca Walker Reczek, co-author of the study and associate professor of marketing at The Ohio State University's Fisher College of Business. "In a sense, you become more like what the ads say you are. Study participants who were told that the ad was targeted to them because of their Internet browsing history were more likely than others to say that the ad suggested they had "sophisticated food preferences." | The results from study 1 provide support for the hypothesis that behaviorally targeted advertisements can act as implied social labels, resulting in adjustments to behavior consistent with the label. Consumers in the behaviorally targeted and the demographically targeted condition felt equally that the ad was matched to personal information from earlier in the experimental session (to a significantly greater extent than participants in the control, nontargeted condition). However, participants in the behaviorally targeted condition recognized a label from the marketer as a result of this individual-level information matching to a greater extent than participants in the demographic targeting and nontargeting condition and demonstrated higher willingness to purchase the advertised product because of its consistency with this implied identity. | [2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2.2 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/ |
10.1186/s13229-018-0246-0 | Psychology_4 | In all three cities, the researchers identified new cases of autism in mainstream schools, confirming that there is under-diagnosis of autism in China. | Third, in all three cities, new cases of autism were identified by the study in mainstream schools, reflecting current under-diagnosis. | In Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities, only data for children in mainstream education was available; in Shenzhen City, 42 out of every 10,000 children in mainstream education had autism, and in Jiamusi City this figure was 19 per 10,000. In all three cities, the researchers identified new cases of autism in mainstream schools, confirming that there is under-diagnosis of autism in China. "Contrary to previous studies, we have shown that the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions in China is in line with that found in the West," said Dr Sophia Xiang Sun, who conducted this study as part of her PhD at Cambridge University and who is now based in the Star Kay Bridge Research Centre for Children with Autism in Xiamen, China. | Second, in Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities, where only mainstream data were available, prevalence is also in line with Western estimates . Third, in all three cities, new cases of autism were identified by the study in mainstream schools, reflecting current under-diagnosis. Finally, non-significant variation across different cities is seen indicating the need to explore potential variation of autism across diverse Chinese regions with large sample sizes to achieve a fully robust national picture. | [5.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 4.75 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38803711012&p=1pl&v=1&x=__aEa1i_DgRqCsuf6-1kqA |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_40 | The researchers conclude with this scary notion:
"The findings support the proposition that early adolescent attempts to gain status via pseudomature behavior are not simply passing annoyances of this developmental stage, but rather may signal movement down a problematic pathway and away from progress toward real psychosocial competence." | These findings further support a cumulative continuity interpretation of results, in which pseudomature behavior is potentially altering key social contexts and behavioral patterns in ways that lead to greater future difficulties, even after accounting for the relatively minor nature and modest stabilities of the pseudomature behaviors themselves. | By the time these "cool" kids turned 23, many of them were having problems with criminal behavior and alcohol and marijuana use -- significantly more than the other subjects in the study, who were not ranked in the "cool" category at the study's onset. The researchers conclude with this scary notion:
"The findings support the proposition that early adolescent attempts to gain status via pseudomature behavior are not simply passing annoyances of this developmental stage, but rather may signal movement down a problematic pathway and away from progress toward real psychosocial competence." In other words, if you're acting extreme to look cool, chances are good that you might be the only one who thinks so. | These findings also suggest that the constellation of pseudomature behaviors examined was capturing something other than a simple propensity toward deviant behavior. These findings further support a cumulative continuity interpretation of results, in which pseudomature behavior is potentially altering key social contexts and behavioral patterns in ways that lead to greater future difficulties, even after accounting for the relatively minor nature and modest stabilities of the pseudomature behaviors themselves. In spite of the substantial long-term negative correlates of pseudomature behavior, the allure of such behavior to early adolescents was also easy to see within these data. | [3.0, 2.0, 5.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 3.2 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/kids-who-were-cool-at-13-are-not-at-age-23-2015-7 |
10.3758/s13414-015-0969-3 | Psychology_400 | "The stimulus-driven, reflexive attention and saccadic eye movement of those babies born via a Cesarean were found to be slowed compared to those of vaginally delivered infants. | Thus, irrespective of whether infants had to initiate a saccadic eye movement to a single item or to a stimulus item in the presence of a competing item, those who were delivered by caesarean section took longer to allocate attention and initiate that eye movement than did those who were delivered vaginally. | It is considered noteworthy since the number of C-sections in recent times has been increasing. "The stimulus-driven, reflexive attention and saccadic eye movement of those babies born via a Cesarean were found to be slowed compared to those of vaginally delivered infants. This is not because such babies try to more accurately select the right cues. | 3 , the interaction of target condition and birth experience was also not significant, F(1, 352) = 0.08, n.s., indicating that the differences in saccade latencies of vaginally delivered infants relative to infants delivered by caesarean section were similar when a target was presented alone (vaginal . Thus, irrespective of whether infants had to initiate a saccadic eye movement to a single item or to a stimulus item in the presence of a competing item, those who were delivered by caesarean section took longer to allocate attention and initiate that eye movement than did those who were delivered vaginally. Alternatively, the slowed attentional responses of caesarean-section infants relative to vaginal infants might have been due to other factors. | [4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 4.5 | news | http://www.hngn.com/articles/118456/20150812/c-section-spatial-attention-birthing-procedure-affect-babys-ability-focus.htm |
10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.02.007 | Psychology_401 | They found that all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the fourth quartile of muscle mass index compared with the first quartile. | The median age at the end of follow-up (or censoring) for those not known to have died was 80.6 years; 10 individuals were aged 100 years or more at the end of follow-up. | Muscle allows the current to pass more easily than fat does, due to muscle's water content. They found that all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the fourth quartile of muscle mass index compared with the first quartile. "Thus, rather than worrying about weight or body mass index, we should be trying to maximize and maintain muscle mass." | The median age at death was 82.7 years; 7 individuals were aged 100 years or more at the time of death. The median age at the end of follow-up (or censoring) for those not known to have died was 80.6 years; 10 individuals were aged 100 years or more at the end of follow-up. Unadjusted all-cause mortality risk was significantly higher in the lowest muscle mass index quartile compared with the highest muscle mass index quartile (58% compared with 41%; relative reduction of 30%) ( Table 2 ). | [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140314095102.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1208 | Psychology_402 | The researchers suggest that women who reported more PTSD symptoms were more likely to have food addiction when measured via the Yale Food Addiction Scale, which assess dependency on food. | Food addiction prevalence appeared to be further elevated when PTSD symptoms occurred earlier in life. | The researchers suggest that women who reported more PTSD symptoms were more likely to have food addiction when measured via the Yale Food Addiction Scale, which assess dependency on food. The researchers suggest that more than 50 percent of the participants were exposed to some type of trauma and about 66 percent women, who experienced trauma, reported to have at least one lifetime PTSD symptom. Around 8 percent of these women also reported to have between 6 and 7 PTSD symptoms, which was the maximum on the questionnaire they had filled. | In this analysis, we found a dose-response association between the number of lifetime PTSD symptoms and prevalence of food addiction in middle adulthood. Food addiction prevalence appeared to be further elevated when PTSD symptoms occurred earlier in life. To our knowledge, this is the first study to look at the association between PTSD symptoms and food addiction. | [5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/15875/20140918/women-with-ptsd-symptoms-with-higher-risk-of-food-addiction-study.htm |
10.1111/cdev.12313 | Psychology_403 | Despite romantic relationships being relatively new in adolescence, the better teens were at establishing autonomy and relatedness with partners at age 18, the better they were at establishing autonomy and relatedness with both friends and partners at age 21. | Greater autonomy and relatedness with close friends at age 13 significantly predicted greater autonomy and relatedness with romantic partners 5 years later, at age 18. | In addition, teens' abilities (or lack thereof) to express autonomy and maintain close relationships with friends and partners at age 18 predicted the degree of autonomy and closeness in future relationships at age 21. Despite romantic relationships being relatively new in adolescence, the better teens were at establishing autonomy and relatedness with partners at age 18, the better they were at establishing autonomy and relatedness with both friends and partners at age 21. "Our study suggests that parents can promote or undermine teens' ability to assert their own views and needs to close friends and romantic partners. | Figure 2 illustrates significant cross-over cascade pathways between autonomy and relatedness with partners and friends. Greater autonomy and relatedness with close friends at age 13 significantly predicted greater autonomy and relatedness with romantic partners 5 years later, at age 18. In addition, age 18 autonomy and relatedness with close friends predicted relative increases (controlling for baseline levels) in autonomy and relatedness with romantic partners between ages 18 and 21. | [4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 5.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3.6 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141023091944.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29 |
10.1111/sode.12203 | Psychology_406 | "Children who had their pet dog with them reported feeling less stressed compared to having a parent for social support or having no social support." | Results supported the notion that pet dogs buffer children's perceived stress response; however, the results with children's cortisol response were more complex. | "Our research shows that having a pet dog present when a child is undergoing a stressful experience lowers how much children feel stressed out," Dr. Kertes said. "Children who had their pet dog with them reported feeling less stressed compared to having a parent for social support or having no social support." The results showed that for kids who underwent the stressful experience with their pet dogs, children's cortisol level varied depending on the nature of the interaction of children and their pets. | Dyadic interaction factors during the TSST-C were unrelated to perceived stress or cortisol assessed for baseline or recovery, indicating that dyadic interaction was linked only with the rise in cortisol during the TSST-C. Results supported the notion that pet dogs buffer children's perceived stress response; however, the results with children's cortisol response were more complex. The divergent finding for perceived stress and cortisol stress responses is not entirely unexpected, as perceived stress and neuroendocrine responses to stress are believed to be mediated by different cognitive and neurobiological pathways . | [4.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BreakingScienceNews/~3/WwCXTLBY4As/pet-dogs-children-04855.html |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2028 | Psychology_408 | The age adjusted association between PTSD and incident T2DM was significant. | After adjusting for age, the cumulative incidence of T2DM was significantly higher in those with PTSD vs those without (patients with PTSD: 6.6%; patients without PTSD: 4.7%; P = .002); the same pattern occurred with respect to incidence rate (patients with PTSD: 15.2 per 1000 person-years; patients without PTSD: 11.4 per 1000 person-years; P = .01). | The average age of the patients was 42.8 years. The age adjusted association between PTSD and incident T2DM was significant. After adjusting for obesity, the association was reduced and no longer statistically significant. | Prior to adjusting for age, the T2DM cumulative incidence percent and incidence rates were similar in patients with PTSD (252 [7.3%]) and without PTSD (141 [6.4%]; P = .19). After adjusting for age, the cumulative incidence of T2DM was significantly higher in those with PTSD vs those without (patients with PTSD: 6.6%; patients without PTSD: 4.7%; P = .002); the same pattern occurred with respect to incidence rate (patients with PTSD: 15.2 per 1000 person-years; patients without PTSD: 11.4 per 1000 person-years; P = .01). After adjusting for age in model 2, PTSD was associated with a 33% increased likelihood of incident T2DM (hazard ratio [HR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.08-1.64; P = .01). | [4.0, 3.0, 5.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34769166259&p=1pl&v=1&x=hwW0549hXYdj6FOtF9ESTw |
10.1126/science.1238677 | Psychology_409 | This study shows that paternal care usually evolved after monogamy was already present. | About half of all independent transitions to paternal care have occurred in instances where social monogamy was already established, whereas the evolution of paternal care occurred on the same branch as a transition to social monogamy in the other cases. | They showed that nine per cent of mammals are socially monogamous, including a few rodents, a number of primates, and some carnivores, like jackals, wolves, and meerkats. This study shows that paternal care usually evolved after monogamy was already present. This advance in understanding was, says Lukas, due to the volume of information they collected and the availability of genetic information that allowed the researchers to determine the sequence in which different traits evolved. | Although paternal care and social monogamy are associated, an analysis of transitions suggests that male care is probably a consequence rather than a cause of the evolution of social monogamy. About half of all independent transitions to paternal care have occurred in instances where social monogamy was already established, whereas the evolution of paternal care occurred on the same branch as a transition to social monogamy in the other cases. Inferences from BayesTraits' models indicate that paternal care is a secondary adaptation, because transitions to social monogamy are inferred to occur first on branches where both traits evolved separately (lrt P = 0.002; table S2). | [4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 4.2 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130729172244.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 | Psychology_41 | "These findings provide a neural basis for understanding how depression relates to poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment of depression and improvement of sleep quality because of the brain areas identified." | The findings have implications for the treatment of depression and poor sleep quality. | Researchers believe it is the first time the neural mechanisms underlying the association of depression and sleep have been studied in a large sample. "These findings provide a neural basis for understanding how depression relates to poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment of depression and improvement of sleep quality because of the brain areas identified." "This study may also have implications for a deeper understanding of depression," he said. | An important finding was that the Depressive Problems scores in this general population were correlated with functional connectivities between areas, including the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, precuneus, angular gyrus, and temporal cortex. The findings have implications for the treatment of depression and poor sleep quality. 25 Specifically, the 123 items from Section VIII were administered (of which only 2 were on the topic of sleep quality). | [3.0, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3.75 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34634204738&p=1pl&v=1&x=GZ7D3xt9Fp7_9IgR9S1Qrg |
10.1073/pnas.1411228111 | Psychology_410 | "Marijuana abusers show lower positive and higher negative emotionality scores than controls, which is consistent, on one hand, with lower reward sensitivity and motivation and, on the other hand, with increased stress reactivity and irritability," researchers wrote in the study. | The attenuated responses to MP, including reduced decreases in striatal DVs, are consistent with decreased brain reactivity to the DA stimulation in marijuana abusers that might contribute to their negative emotionality (increased stress reactivity and irritability) and addictive behaviors. | The findings revealed that marijuana users showed significantly lower dopamine responses compared to healthy controls, according to personality tests and brain scans. "Marijuana abusers show lower positive and higher negative emotionality scores than controls, which is consistent, on one hand, with lower reward sensitivity and motivation and, on the other hand, with increased stress reactivity and irritability," researchers wrote in the study. "We found that marijuana abusers display attenuated dopamine (DA) responses to MP, including reduced decreases in striatal distribution volumes. | In marijuana abusers, DA responses in ventral striatum were also inversely correlated with addiction severity and craving. The attenuated responses to MP, including reduced decreases in striatal DVs, are consistent with decreased brain reactivity to the DA stimulation in marijuana abusers that might contribute to their negative emotionality (increased stress reactivity and irritability) and addictive behaviors. ). | [5.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://www.counselheal.com/articles/10470/20140714/scientists-show-marijuana-up-anxiety-depression-risk.htm |
10.1177/1557988315596224 | Psychology_411 | This increase in BMI comes despite previous evidence of health benefits that come with fatherhood and to marriage, the study's authors note: Becoming a father generally inspires men to "improve their diets, increase physical activity, decrease alcohol use, and lower risk-taking behavior," they say. | The majority of resident fathers in this study were married, an association in other research that has been reported to be advantageous in terms of education, income, and physical and mental health . | increase for a 6-foot-tall man over the study period--while the same-sized man being childless over the period was correlated with a lower BMI--a 1.4-lb. This increase in BMI comes despite previous evidence of health benefits that come with fatherhood and to marriage, the study's authors note: Becoming a father generally inspires men to "improve their diets, increase physical activity, decrease alcohol use, and lower risk-taking behavior," they say. But, they add, the weight increase may be due to "different kinds of foods, portions, and leftovers available; anecdotal evidence does exist of fathers cleaning their children's dinner plates." | Prior research reports becoming a father is a time when men attempt to improve their diets, increase physical activity, decrease alcohol use, and lower risk-taking behavior ); yet the increase in this study is evidence that these changes in health behaviors may have little impact. The majority of resident fathers in this study were married, an association in other research that has been reported to be advantageous in terms of education, income, and physical and mental health . In this study, marriage is associated with increased BMI, findings supported by other work (albeit without regard for fatherhood status; . | [4.0, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://qz.com/459731/science-proves-that-the-dad-bod-is-real/ |
10.1093/cercor/bht266 | Psychology_412 | They found that both perception of spinning and eye-reflexes associated with activity of vestibular organs was reduced in dancers when compared to rowers. | Dancers' vestibular-reflex and perceptual responses to whole-body yaw-plane step rotations were: (1) Briefer and (2) uncorrelated (controls' reflex and perception were correlated). | Researchers found that the brains of ballet dancers get used to the spinning and suppress the information coming from the inner-ear organs. They found that both perception of spinning and eye-reflexes associated with activity of vestibular organs was reduced in dancers when compared to rowers. The MRI scans showed that brains of dancers were different from brains of rowers in two regions; the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex. | Dancers' vestibular-reflex and perceptual responses to whole-body yaw-plane step rotations were: (1) Briefer and (2) uncorrelated (controls' reflex and perception were correlated). Voxel-based morphometry showed a selective gray matter (GM) reduction in dancers' vestibular cerebellum correlating with ballet experience. Dancers' vestibular cerebellar GM density reduction was related to shorter perceptual responses (i.e. | [4.0, 4.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3.25 | news | http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/4198/20130927/ballet-dancers-spin-fast-due-changes-core-brain-regions.htm |
10.1073/pnas.1902058116 | Psychology_413 | They should encourage teenagers to stay active and turn off their phones at night--and perhaps more importantly, they should specifically ask about cyberbullying, since that seems to be a primary source of harm, Nicholls says. | We found that social media use is not, in and of itself, a strong predictor of life satisfaction across the adolescent population. | Takeaways for parents of teens are similar, she says. They should encourage teenagers to stay active and turn off their phones at night--and perhaps more importantly, they should specifically ask about cyberbullying, since that seems to be a primary source of harm, Nicholls says. "The emphasis needs to now be on the mechanisms and the content," she says, "rather than just black-balling social media." | We found that social media use is not, in and of itself, a strong predictor of life satisfaction across the adolescent population. Instead, social media effects are nuanced, small at best, reciprocal over time, gender specific, and contingent on analytic methods. Furthermore, the volume of data under analysis, paired with unchecked analytical flexibility, enables selective research reporting, biasing the literature toward statistically significant effects (3, 4). | [2.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39952184341&p=1pl&v=1&x=4nchQYq8ortLFXiSzmOa9g |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2462 | Psychology_414 | Diet, exercise, and alcohol use did not alter the link between depression and SLE, but depression remained strongly associated with the risk of incident SLE in models that further adjusted for BMI, cigarette smoking, and oral contraceptive and postmenopausal hormone use, whether at baseline only or using time-updated covariates. | Compared with women with no depression, women with a history of depression had a subsequent increased risk of SLE (HR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.91-3.75; P < .001). | In a study model using the date of first symptoms to indicate the onset of SLE, the association of depression and SLE symptom onset was nearly identical to risk estimates from the main analysis. Diet, exercise, and alcohol use did not alter the link between depression and SLE, but depression remained strongly associated with the risk of incident SLE in models that further adjusted for BMI, cigarette smoking, and oral contraceptive and postmenopausal hormone use, whether at baseline only or using time-updated covariates. When compared with women who had no depression history, those with a history of it were more likely to be current cigarette smokers and to have used oral contraceptives and postmenopausal hormones but were less likely to exercise regularly. | During 20 years of follow-up, 145 cases of SLE occurred. Compared with women with no depression, women with a history of depression had a subsequent increased risk of SLE (HR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.91-3.75; P < .001). Adjustment for body mass index, cigarette smoking, and oral contraception and postmenopausal hormone use slightly attenuated associations (adjusted HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.74-3.45; P < .001). | [4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39707847210&p=1pl&v=1&x=wvXvyhIEdkGtFfwB5pLPpw |
10.1007/s11121-013-0411-9 | Psychology_416 | Adolescent girls with more binge eating behaviors also reported more suicide attempts. | In addition to high levels of internalizing problems, adolescents with binge-eating disorder also had high levels of suicide attempt and ideation. | These, in turn, predicted binge eating behaviors. Adolescent girls with more binge eating behaviors also reported more suicide attempts. The authors conclude: "The relationships found in this study offer prevention scientists a unique opportunity to target individuals at high risk of psychiatric problems by intervening in the case of binge eating problems. | These results, along with those found with the present study, add credence to the idea of developing a universal prevention program aimed at lessening the incidence of binge eating along with a more individualized program targeted toward those at highest risk for internalizing problems along with binge-eating problems. In addition to high levels of internalizing problems, adolescents with binge-eating disorder also had high levels of suicide attempt and ideation. A possible explanation for these results is that the binge-eating problems are simply a way for individuals to cope with and manage their internalizing issues. | [5.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 4.75 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130722123212.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1177/1948550616644299 | Psychology_417 | Frequent selfie-takers' opinion of themselves (roughly 4.5/7 on the attractiveness scale, on average, and 5/7 on the likeability scale, on average) was higher than the opinions non-selfie-takers had of themselves (roughly 3.5/7 on the attractiveness scale, on average, and 4/7 on the likeability scale, on average.) | Thus, selfie-takers departed further from the external raters' objective perceptions of attractiveness than the non-selfie-takers did but only for impressions of their selfies (see Figure 1) . | The results of the study paint a picture of the generous views certain people have of themselves, compared to unbiased views that others have of how we present ourselves online. Frequent selfie-takers' opinion of themselves (roughly 4.5/7 on the attractiveness scale, on average, and 5/7 on the likeability scale, on average) was higher than the opinions non-selfie-takers had of themselves (roughly 3.5/7 on the attractiveness scale, on average, and 4/7 on the likeability scale, on average.) Serial-selfiers' opinions of themselves were even higher when compared to what other people thought of the frequent selfie-takers' photos (other people rated the frequent selfie-takers' images at roughly 3/7 on the attractiveness scale, on average, and 4/7 on the likeability scale, on average.) | This showed that the differences between the self-and others' ratings of selfies were significantly greater for selfie- .38 ], but that the differences between the selfie-takers (M ¼ 0.83, SD ¼ 1.66) and nonselfie-takers (M ¼ 0.51, SD ¼ 1.53) were about the same for the experimenter-taken photos, t(196) ¼ 1.40, p ¼ .16, r p ¼ .10, 95% CI [À.04, .24]. Thus, selfie-takers departed further from the external raters' objective perceptions of attractiveness than the non-selfie-takers did but only for impressions of their selfies (see Figure 1) . Analyzing the data separately for the targets' selfratings, we observed a significant main effect of Group, [.01, .29] , suggesting that selfie-takers and non-selfie-takers rated the attractiveness of their selfies and experimenter-taken photos differently. | [1.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2.8 | news | http://www.futurity.org/selfie-narcissism-1173752/ |
10.1016/j.jalz.2014.11.009 | Psychology_418 | The MIND diet is also easier to follow than, say, the Mediterranean diet, which calls for daily consumption of fish and 3-4 daily servings of each of fruits and vegetables, Morris said. | The MIND diet is more similar to the DASH diet with regard to fish consumption, with an optimal serving of just one meal per week as opposed to six meals per week specified by the Mediterranean diet. | People with high adherence to the DASH and Mediterranean diets also had reductions in AD -- 39 percent with the DASH diet and 54 percent with the Mediterranean diet -- but got negligible benefits from moderate adherence to either of the two other diets. The MIND diet is also easier to follow than, say, the Mediterranean diet, which calls for daily consumption of fish and 3-4 daily servings of each of fruits and vegetables, Morris said. However, he or she must limits intake of the designated unhealthy foods, especially butter (less than 1 tablespoon a day), cheese, and fried or fast food (less than a serving a week for any of the three), to have a real shot at avoiding the devastating effects of AD, according to the study. | However, the MIND diet has a separate score component for berry consumption to reflect the positive associations reported between intakes of blueberries and strawberries and slower cognitive decline in the Nurses' Health Study . The MIND diet is more similar to the DASH diet with regard to fish consumption, with an optimal serving of just one meal per week as opposed to six meals per week specified by the Mediterranean diet. This level of fish consumption reflects the findings of prospective epidemiological studies that examined its relation to AD prevention . | [2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3.4 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150319104218.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news%2Ftop_environment+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+Environment+News%29 |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_42 | "The fact that parental happiness increases before these children are born suggests that we are capturing broader issues relating to childbearing such as couples forming partnerships and making plans for the future. | Importantly, we observe that happiness increases before birth, suggesting that the happiness gain around the time of birth may capture not only the effect of the birth but also the complex childbearing process that may involve partnership formation, partnership quality, and increased sexual activity. | Mikko Myrskyla, professor of demography at LSE and Director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany, said: "Our results show a temporary and transitory gain in parents' happiness around the birth of first and second children. "The fact that parental happiness increases before these children are born suggests that we are capturing broader issues relating to childbearing such as couples forming partnerships and making plans for the future. "The arrival of a third child is not associated with an increase in the parents' happiness, but this is not to suggest they are any less loved than their older siblings. | Consistent with prior literature using longitudinal designs (e.g., , our results first document a temporary and transitory gain in happiness around the time of birth. Importantly, we observe that happiness increases before birth, suggesting that the happiness gain around the time of birth may capture not only the effect of the birth but also the complex childbearing process that may involve partnership formation, partnership quality, and increased sexual activity. We then analyze the patterns for different socioeconomic groups and parities and show that the changes in subjective well-being over the transition to parenthood are highly consistent with the low and late fertility behavior that has emerged during the second demographic transition: older parents and those with more socioeconomic resources have the strongest happiness gains around the time of birth, and the temporary happiness gain around the time of birth declines with the number of children that one already has. | [3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3.8 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1007/s11121-017-0762-8 | Psychology_421 | Among non-transgender women, bisexual women had higher odds of sexual assault than heterosexual women. | Transgender people had higher odds of sexual assault than cisgender men and women, and Black transgender people had significantly higher odds of sexual assault than White transgender people. | Among non-transgender men, gay and bisexual men had higher odds of sexual assault than heterosexual men, and black men had higher odds than white men. Among non-transgender women, bisexual women had higher odds of sexual assault than heterosexual women. Compared with white women, black women had higher odds of sexual assault, while Latino and Asian women had lower odds. | Our exploratory results indicated that sexual assault disproportionately affects several sexual, gender, and racial/ethnic minority subgroups. Transgender people had higher odds of sexual assault than cisgender men and women, and Black transgender people had significantly higher odds of sexual assault than White transgender people. Like in previous studies (American College Health Association 2012 , cisgender women had higher odds of sexual assault than cisgender men, but gender modified the effects of sexual identity and race/ethnicity on sexual assault. | [2.0, 2.0, 5.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/sexual-assault-victimization-disproportionately-affects-certain-minority-college-students/ |
10.1016/j.jrp.2008.09.001 | Psychology_422 | Extrinsic goals like money, fame, and image don't meet the psychological needs. | Third, our findings were correlational, so they do not provide evidence for the direction of effects among the constructs under investigation. | The difference in how these goals affect happiness comes down to needs. Extrinsic goals like money, fame, and image don't meet the psychological needs. On the other hand, intrinsic goals directly nourish psychological needs: Taking charge of your personal growth grants you a sense of autonomy, staying in shape is a way of mastering your body, and having awesome friendships gives you a sense of belonging. | Therefore, it is important to replicate these findings using a more diverse sample, especially among older working adults and post-retirement, elderly samples. Third, our findings were correlational, so they do not provide evidence for the direction of effects among the constructs under investigation. Therefore, we can conclude only that changes in aspiration attainment and psychological health were correlated, so future research could further examine the issue of directionality. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1.25 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/extrinsic-goals-are-an-obstacle-to-happiness-2014-7 |
10.1073/pnas.1510456112 | Psychology_424 | In rats, raising FGF9 levels artificially led to depression-like behavior changes, and repeated social stress caused brain FGF9 levels to rise. | Specifically, FGF2 expression was reduced and FGF9 expression was elevated in the frontal cortices (3) and locus coeruleus (4) of the depressed brain relative to controls. | In this case, people with major depression had 32 percent more of FGF9 in a key part of their brain than people without the condition. In rats, raising FGF9 levels artificially led to depression-like behavior changes, and repeated social stress caused brain FGF9 levels to rise. Taken together, the findings provide more evidence that depression is a physical illness. | We uncovered a significant negative correlation between hippocampal FGF9 expression and FGF2 expression in postmortem hippocampal tissue, and this relationship may indicate that these transcripts work in functional opposition. Specifically, FGF2 expression was reduced and FGF9 expression was elevated in the frontal cortices (3) and locus coeruleus (4) of the depressed brain relative to controls. The negative correlations between FGF9 expression and other FGFs also underscore the biological significance of FGF9 dysregulation in affective disorders: these relationships indicate that FGF9 may be acting in a complex network of molecules, and the alterations in FGF9 expression are concurrent with changes in other FGF family members that we have previously observed to impact affective behavior. | [4.0, 4.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3.2 | news | http://www.technology.org/2015/09/10/new-factor-depression-brain-protein-discovery-lead-better-treatments/ |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3990 | Psychology_425 | Experts noted that participants with male or male-like brain anatomy were likely to have ASD regardless of their biological gender. | Third, in future research, it will be crucial to further explore the functional relevance of our findings and to examine how normative sexrelated phenotypic diversity in brain structure relates to sex differences in general cognitive or behavioral profiles (eg, as shown by Miller and Halpern 40 and by Hyde 41 ) and to different clinical ASD phenotypes. | "We found that brain phenotype ranged from being typically female to typically male and that there is variability between these extremes," lead study author Christine Ecker said, via Fox. Experts noted that participants with male or male-like brain anatomy were likely to have ASD regardless of their biological gender. "Our study demonstrates that normative sex-related phenotypic diversity in brain structure affects the prevalence of ASD in addition to biological sex alone, with male neuroanatomical characteristics carrying a higher intrinsic risk for ASD than female characteristics," study authors noted in their study, according to Medical Today. | While this scope is sufficient to provide proof of concept, it will be necessary in the future to extend our approach to other neurobiological features that have previously been linked to ASD (eg, cortical surface area and regional volumes 14 ) and to replicate our findings in other subgroups on the autism spectrum (eg, different age groups and individuals with learning disabilities). Third, in future research, it will be crucial to further explore the functional relevance of our findings and to examine how normative sexrelated phenotypic diversity in brain structure relates to sex differences in general cognitive or behavioral profiles (eg, as shown by Miller and Halpern 40 and by Hyde 41 ) and to different clinical ASD phenotypes. Our findings suggest that the neurobiological male phenotype carries a higher intrinsic risk for ASD than the female phenotype across the binary categories dictated by biological sex. | [4.0, 5.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 4.25 | news | http://www.parentherald.com/articles/98258/20170210/autism-higher-boys-girls-male-brains-scientists-reveal-new-clues.htm |
10.1177/1745691615617439 | Psychology_426 | The Big Five personality dimensions show about 40-60 percent heritability rates, indicating that a sizeable portion of personality appears to be determined by genetic factors. | Heritability estimates for behavioral traits, typically between 30% and 50%, are by far the largest effect sizes in psychological science. | Of interest, concordance rates for identical twins reared apart were similar to those of identical twins raised together, suggesting the environmental influence was based on unshared environmental variables. The Big Five personality dimensions show about 40-60 percent heritability rates, indicating that a sizeable portion of personality appears to be determined by genetic factors. This area of study is complex and beyond the scope of this article, but the field is quickly progressing. | The most important reason for the reproducibility of behavioral genetic results is that genetic effect sizes are large. Heritability estimates for behavioral traits, typically between 30% and 50%, are by far the largest effect sizes in psychological science. In retrospect, it is amazing that inherited DNA differences can work their way through the complexities of pathways from genes to brain to behavior and end up accounting for so much of the variance of complex psychological traits. | [2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39947760251&p=1pl&v=1&x=jzkKllJ8utZ58UzAeF9BQw |
10.1093/cercor/bhu139 | Psychology_427 | The group that had been asleep were better at remembering the German translations of the Dutch words they had heard in their sleep. | Re-exposure to Dutch words during sleep improved later memory for the German translation of the cued words when compared with uncued words. | Half of the volunteers then went to bed. The group that had been asleep were better at remembering the German translations of the Dutch words they had heard in their sleep. The volunteers who had remained awake were unable to remember words they had heard on the playback any better than those they had not. | Re-exposure to Dutch words during sleep improved later memory for the German translation of the cued words when compared with uncued words. Recall of uncued words was similar to an additional group receiving no verbal cues during sleep. Furthermore, verbal cueing failed to improve memory during active and passive waking. | [5.0, 4.0, 5.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 4.4 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140630093629.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1007/s10071-013-0699-7 | Psychology_428 | But monkeys could still locate targets at masking levels for which they reported that no target had been presented. | Instead, the monkeys did not perceive the target and reported that. | The animals performed the tasks very accurately when the stimuli were unmasked, and their performance dropped when visual masking was employed. But monkeys could still locate targets at masking levels for which they reported that no target had been presented. While these results cannot establish the existence of phenomenal vision in monkeys, the discrepancy between visually guided action and detection parallels the dissociation of conscious and unconscious vision seen in humans. | This shows that the monkeys were not responding randomly due to increased difficulty. Instead, the monkeys did not perceive the target and reported that. Neither the main effect of SOA nor the interaction of SOA and task was significant (SOA: F 5,44 = 1.24, P = 0.31; SOA x task: F 5,44 = 0.74, P = 0.60), which is consistent with the hypothesis that monkeys solved the task in the same manner across all SOAs. | [2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2.5 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/11/131119131442.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1016/j.sleh.2018.09.005 | Psychology_429 | These effects of late-night tweeting were greater during away games than home games, according to the study published online Nov. 19 in the journal Sleep Health. | Twitter data may provide sleep and sports researchers with a new tool to examine the effects of late-night activity on a variety of outcome measures. | After sending tweets during typical sleeping hours, a player's shooting percentage fell by 1.7 percent, and he had 1.1 fewer points and 0.5 fewer rebounds in the next day's game. These effects of late-night tweeting were greater during away games than home games, according to the study published online Nov. 19 in the journal Sleep Health. "While this study is relevant to coaches everywhere, this is not a study about either Twitter or basketball," said study lead author Jason Jones, assistant professor of sociology at Stony Brook University in New York. | In summary, we have demonstrated a negative association between late-night tweeting and player outputs among professional athletes in the high-stakes, competitive environment of official NBA games. These findings may apply widely to other sports and other cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Twitter data may provide sleep and sports researchers with a new tool to examine the effects of late-night activity on a variety of outcome measures. | [4.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37736270375&p=1pl&v=1&x=Bi01WM9UtwVxM5Bjp2wZWQ |
10.1177/0141076814565942 | Psychology_43 | The researchers also made the observation of an increased risk of hyperactivity disorder among circumcised boys in non-Muslim families. | Risk in this age group was markedly elevated among boys in non-Muslim families (HR ¼ 4.23; 95% CI: 1.90-9.44), a finding based on six ASD cases in circumcised boys versus 1165 cases in intact boys. | They found that regardless of cultural background circumcised boys may run a greater risk of developing ASD. The researchers also made the observation of an increased risk of hyperactivity disorder among circumcised boys in non-Muslim families. Risk was particularly high for infantile autism before the age of five, at least in epidemiology. | The increased risk of ASD in circumcised boys under the age of 5 years was present among boys in both Muslim and non-Muslim families ( Table 2) . Risk in this age group was markedly elevated among boys in non-Muslim families (HR ¼ 4.23; 95% CI: 1.90-9.44), a finding based on six ASD cases in circumcised boys versus 1165 cases in intact boys. Among boys in Muslim families, ASD risk was also significantly elevated in those who were circumcised (HR ¼ 1.54; 95% CI: 1.03-2.31), based on 28 ASD cases in circumcised boys versus 160 cases in intact boys. | [3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 3.5 | news | http://www.science20.com/news_articles/circumcision_linked_to_autism_study-152121 |
10.1177/0305735611430081 | Psychology_430 | Choir members said they felt more connected with their community and had better social functioning in general. | Participation in a choir or other group activity can increase their level of social interaction and potentially provide an additional social identity, which could have positive outcomes for their health and well being. | One person described the choir as a "wonderful family." Choir members said they felt more connected with their community and had better social functioning in general. These social outcomes could be particularly important for those suffering from chronic mental illness. | This research is particularly relevant for disadvantaged people -many of whom live in social isolation. Participation in a choir or other group activity can increase their level of social interaction and potentially provide an additional social identity, which could have positive outcomes for their health and well being. The IPA approach has been called the most psychological of the thematic analysis approaches, with a particular focus on the cognitions and emotions of participants , which makes it a suitable approach for the current study. | [4.0, 5.0, 4.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 4.5 | news | http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2013/07/21/choir-can-help-those-suffering-from-chronic-mental-illness-study/ |
10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.025 | Psychology_432 | Sleep allows the brain to reset, helping integrate, newly learned material with consolidated memories, so the brain can begin anew the next day." | Thus, the interactions between cortex and hippocampus during sleep are most likely bidirectional Diekelmann and Born, 2010; , with up states in the cortex activating the hippocampus in a feedforward manner, prompting the hippocampus itself to feedback on the cortex with sharp-wave ripple complexes. | "During wake, learning strengthens the synaptic connections throughout the brain, increasing the need for energy and saturating the brain with new information. Sleep allows the brain to reset, helping integrate, newly learned material with consolidated memories, so the brain can begin anew the next day." In fact, the reason why we don't forget how to play the piano after a night's rest is because active circuits are damped down less than those that weren't actively involved in learning. | Conversely, the cortical, semantic component of such memories would benefit from superposition and gist extraction, as is the case with nondeclarative memories, leading to an advantage for the signal at the expense of the noise in cortical circuits. Thus, the interactions between cortex and hippocampus during sleep are most likely bidirectional Diekelmann and Born, 2010; , with up states in the cortex activating the hippocampus in a feedforward manner, prompting the hippocampus itself to feedback on the cortex with sharp-wave ripple complexes. First, such models propose that sleep leads to a system-level transformation of memory representations and not just to a straightforward transfer from hippocampus to cortex. | [3.0, 5.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3.5 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/12142/20140113/sleep-price-pay-learning-new-shy-hypothesis.htm |
10.1016/j.neuron.2014.08.020 | Psychology_433 | The team also noted how individual neurons were able to shift their sensitivity to a particular color and particular direction. | We focused on neurons that were both color and direction selective using the three-way ANOVA or showed significant color and direction tuning shifts (n = 71) during the DCM task (using different populations led to similar results). | However, the LIP neurons did not respond at all when the monkeys were passively viewing the same images without performing the task. The team also noted how individual neurons were able to shift their sensitivity to a particular color and particular direction. For instance, when the monkeys looked for red dots moving upward, a neuron would respond strongly to dots moving in directions close to upward motion and colors close to red. | This raises a question about whether feature encoding in LIP is used to detect and respond to match stimuli. We focused on neurons that were both color and direction selective using the three-way ANOVA or showed significant color and direction tuning shifts (n = 71) during the DCM task (using different populations led to similar results). Responses to match stimuli ( Figure S2A ) were higher than for nonmatch stimuli for both sample A (paired t test, p = 4 3 10 À5 ) and B (p = 0.001) trials. | [5.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 4.5 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/how-your-brain-identifies-color-motion-such-football-jerseys-301244 |
10.1007/s10803-014-2093-y | Psychology_434 | Of the 95 participants with ASD, 78 per cent reported at least one occurrence of sexual victimization compared to 47.4 per cent of the 117 adults without ASD who participated in the study. | Most concerning is the potential that the combination of age appropriate sexual motivation and interest, limited sexual knowledge and experiences, and additional social deficits, may place adolescents and young adults with ASD at increased risk for sexual violence victimization. | The study, conducted by Weiss, and clinical developmental psychology PhD candidates Stephanie Brown-Lavoie and Michelle Viecili, found that the lack of sexual knowledge in adults with autism played a role in increasing the risk of sexual victimization -- experiences of sexual coercion, unwanted sexual contact, attempted rape or rape. Of the 95 participants with ASD, 78 per cent reported at least one occurrence of sexual victimization compared to 47.4 per cent of the 117 adults without ASD who participated in the study. Brown-Lavoie points out that the study participants were asked about specific situations, not just a general "have you been sexually victimized" question. | found that individuals with ASD were more likely to report television and ''by making mistakes'' in their list of sexual knowledge sources, and less likely to report social sources. Most concerning is the potential that the combination of age appropriate sexual motivation and interest, limited sexual knowledge and experiences, and additional social deficits, may place adolescents and young adults with ASD at increased risk for sexual violence victimization. Children with autism in the education system were not at an increased risk for sexual abuse compared to peers with other disabilities. | [4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 4.25 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140814192243.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1177/0956797618772506 | Psychology_435 | The researchers discovered that receiving a thank-you note has a far bigger impact on people's happiness than the senders had assumed. | These results again suggest that expressions of gratitude are guided by expectations about a recipient's reactions, with people choosing to express their gratitude to recipients who they believe will feel positive. | They gave strong fives all around. The researchers discovered that receiving a thank-you note has a far bigger impact on people's happiness than the senders had assumed. You think it needs to be eloquently written. | Participants choice of whom to write a letter to followed these stated preferences: 31 (32% of the sample) wrote a gratitude letter to the person they expected would feel very positive, 25 (26%) to the person they expected would not feel awkward, 22 (22%) to the person they thought would be really surprised, 16 (16%) to the person they anticipated would not be surprised, 3 (3%) to the person would not feel positive, and only 1 (1%) to the person he or she expected would feel awkward when receiving it. These results again suggest that expressions of gratitude are guided by expectations about a recipient's reactions, with people choosing to express their gratitude to recipients who they believe will feel positive. Finally, participants reported feeling significantly happier than normal after expressing gratitude (M = 2.91, SD = 1.63), one-sample t(97) = 17.72, p < .0001, d = 1.79. | [3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 3.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34650334053&p=1pl&v=1&x=SChtcYVx5nwy-XPJPoR-AQ |
10.1177/0956797614551370 | Psychology_436 | When researchers then examined how these traits affected an individual's spouse, only conscientiousness made a difference either way. | These results suggest that people with conscientious spouses tend to emulate certain characteristics of their spouses (via their joint lifestyle), and that these characteristics, in turn, are positively associated with satisfaction at work and likelihood of being promoted. | For best results: Choose someone who's conscientious. When researchers then examined how these traits affected an individual's spouse, only conscientiousness made a difference either way. Unlike more inward-facing qualities such as neuroticism, conscientiousness affects those around you, inspiring successful behaviors to rub off onto a husband or wife. | Emulation explained the effect of partner conscientiousness on both job satisfaction, indirect effect = 0.004, 95% CI = [0.002, 0.006], and on job promotion, indirect effect = 0.004, 95% CI = [0.000, 0.008] (Table 4) . These results suggest that people with conscientious spouses tend to emulate certain characteristics of their spouses (via their joint lifestyle), and that these characteristics, in turn, are positively associated with satisfaction at work and likelihood of being promoted. Finally, we examined spillover of relationship satisfaction, and again we found that partner conscientiousness had a positive indirect effect on job satisfaction, point estimate = 0.014, 95% CI = [0.011, 0.017] (Table 4) . | [3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2.6 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/spouse-could-make-you-more-successful-2014-10 |
10.1038/s41562-018-0483-4 | Psychology_437 | Mindset matters
"It's interesting that in the exercise study we saw a negative effect for those who were told they had the high-risk version, but in the eating study we saw a physiological improvement in people who were told they had the protective gene," Turnwald says. | While perceived genetic risk mattered in both experiments, the effects were sometimes driven by negative changes for those who were told that they were at high risk, and sometimes driven by benefits for those who were told that they had the protective genotype. | All indications were that the people were in worse shape than they were before learning of their fictitious genetic risk, in accordance with what participants were told about their genetic risk for exercise capacity. Mindset matters
"It's interesting that in the exercise study we saw a negative effect for those who were told they had the high-risk version, but in the eating study we saw a physiological improvement in people who were told they had the protective gene," Turnwald says. "What was consistent in both studies was that those informed that they had the high-risk gene always had a worse outcome than those informed that they had the protective gene, even though we essentially drew out of a hat which information people received." | The information itself provides a distinct psychological framework through which the individual interprets their current experience and prepares for future experiences and, as a result, this new mindset influences attention, motivation and, most interestingly, physiology in a manner that confirms their expectations 52 . While perceived genetic risk mattered in both experiments, the effects were sometimes driven by negative changes for those who were told that they were at high risk, and sometimes driven by benefits for those who were told that they had the protective genotype. Whether perceived risk elicits a negative effect or perceived protection elicits a positive effect is likely to differ depending on the gene of interest and the experimental paradigm. | [5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 4.6 | news | https://www.futurity.org/genetic-risk-physiology-1930122-2/ |
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.05.012 | Psychology_438 | "It opens a therapeutic window of opportunity, in which people may have the ability to become less stuck to their normal patterns, be that thinking about yourself in a certain way as with depression, or taking substances." | Three respondents reported attempting suicide. | "Many other psychiatric disorders need to be examined, because there is good reason to think that when cautiously applied, psilocybin may have broad capabilities as a behavior change facilitator," he said. "It opens a therapeutic window of opportunity, in which people may have the ability to become less stuck to their normal patterns, be that thinking about yourself in a certain way as with depression, or taking substances." Despite these benefits, the researchers make it clear that the use of psilocybin is not without its risks--although these are greater in recreational rather than medical settings. | Three of the respondents reported their psilocybin use to be followed by the onset of enduring psychotic symptoms. Three respondents reported attempting suicide. As discussed in Factor 2, the risk of overdose poisoning by psilocybin is low due to its low physiological toxicity. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37244266641&p=1pl&v=1&x=QyzfD0tHAPZR74MROGoWZg |
10.1186/s13229-018-0246-0 | Psychology_44 | In Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities, only data for children in mainstream education was available; in Shenzhen City, 42 out of every 10,000 children in mainstream education had autism, and in Jiamusi City this figure was 19 per 10,000. | First, results from Jilin City where both mainstream and special school data were available revealed a similar prevalence of autism in China to the West, at around 1% . | In Jilin City, from a total population of 7,258, the team identified 77 cases of autism, equating to a prevalence of 108 per 10,000, very similar to that found in the West. In Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities, only data for children in mainstream education was available; in Shenzhen City, 42 out of every 10,000 children in mainstream education had autism, and in Jiamusi City this figure was 19 per 10,000. In all three cities, the researchers identified new cases of autism in mainstream schools, confirming that there is under-diagnosis of autism in China. | There are four key findings from this study. First, results from Jilin City where both mainstream and special school data were available revealed a similar prevalence of autism in China to the West, at around 1% . Second, in Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities, where only mainstream data were available, prevalence is also in line with Western estimates . | [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.75 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38803711012&p=1pl&v=1&x=__aEa1i_DgRqCsuf6-1kqA |
10.3758/s13423-014-0794-z | Psychology_440 | Simple and familiar icons were the easiest to find, but when the task got harder, aesthetically appealing icons provided a performance boost that was not found for less-appealing visuals. | Replicating previous findings, visual complexity influenced icon localisation times, with simple icons found faster than complex icons overall (e.g. | The results of their study on how the aesthetic appeal of visuals enhances performance are published in SpringeraEUR(tm)s journal Psychonomic Bulletin Review. Simple and familiar icons were the easiest to find, but when the task got harder, aesthetically appealing icons provided a performance boost that was not found for less-appealing visuals. The researchers conclude that appealing icons are not only pleasant to use, but also speed up peopleaEUR(tm)s ability to solve multi-step problems with visuals when using websites or mobile phones. | Neither the Block × Appeal, not the Block × Complexity interactions were significant [F (8, 144) = 1.64, P > .05, ε 2 = .08; F (8, 144) = .54, P > .05, ε 2 = .02, respectively]. Replicating previous findings, visual complexity influenced icon localisation times, with simple icons found faster than complex icons overall (e.g. , the effect of visual complexity remained significant throughout the experiment (as evidenced by the lack of Complexity × Block interaction). | [4.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3.6 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/study-finds-that-visually-pleasing-computer-graphics-enhance-user-performance/ |
10.1007/s11031-018-9698-y | Psychology_441 | But perhaps the most important aspect of the study was that it showed how autonomy support leads to positive outcomes in employees. | Overall, our findings lend support for autonomy support as a leadership approach that is consistent with self-determination and optimal functioning in work settings. | Interestingly, the study also showed that autonomy supportive approaches benefit employees irrespective of national culture--it is not just the way we like things to be in the West. But perhaps the most important aspect of the study was that it showed how autonomy support leads to positive outcomes in employees. The study suggests it helps employees satisfy three basic psychological needs--for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. | In addition, a meta-analytic path analysis supported motivational processes that underlie LAS and its consequences in workplaces. Overall, our findings lend support for autonomy support as a leadership approach that is consistent with self-determination and optimal functioning in work settings. LAS is characterized by leaders who take interest in the perspectives of their employees, provide opportunities for choice and input, encourage self-initiation, and avoid the use of external rewards or sanctions to motivate behavior. | [2.0, 5.0, 3.0, 5.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | https://www.futurity.org/intrinsic-motivation-employees-managers-1792422-2/ |
10.1038/nature14618 | Psychology_442 | The researchers found that greater genetic diversity is actually linked to increased height. | Likewise, the genomewide homozygosity effect on height cannot explain a significant proportion of the observed intergenerational increases . | Evolution doesn't stop for any creature-not even humans. The researchers found that greater genetic diversity is actually linked to increased height. Not only that, but greater genetic diversity is also associated with better cognitive skills, as well as higher levels of education. | Although increasing migration and panmixia have generated a secular trend in decreasing homozygosity , the Flynn effect, wherein succeeding generations perform better on cognitive tests than their predecessors , this cannot be explained by our findings, because the intergenerational change in cognitive scores is much larger than the differences in homozygosity would predict. Likewise, the genomewide homozygosity effect on height cannot explain a significant proportion of the observed intergenerational increases . Inbreeding depression, which arises from the effect of genome-wide homozygosity, is ubiquitous in plants and is seen for numerous fitnessrelated traits in animals , but we observed no effect for the 12 other mainly cardio-metabolic traits in which variation is strongly related to age. | [2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1.75 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/27380/20150702/evolution-humans-evolving-smarter-taller.htm |
10.1093/geronb/gbx110 | Psychology_443 | The results from more than 11,000 adults aged 51 and older show significant associations between cognitive function and volunteering among all participants, regardless of the amount of time spent. | While the repeated measurement of volunteer involvement is a significant benefit of these data, little is known about the nature of the volunteer work-information that would provide more rigorous tests of theory and likely lead to increased knowledge about which specific aspects of volunteer work are beneficial (or not) for older adults. | It's the brain's working memory and processing capacity that benefit the most from volunteering." The results from more than 11,000 adults aged 51 and older show significant associations between cognitive function and volunteering among all participants, regardless of the amount of time spent. Adults with lower levels of education and women seemed to benefit the most. | It is also probable that those who volunteer self-select into the volunteer role, which might maximize the benefits of volunteering . While the repeated measurement of volunteer involvement is a significant benefit of these data, little is known about the nature of the volunteer work-information that would provide more rigorous tests of theory and likely lead to increased knowledge about which specific aspects of volunteer work are beneficial (or not) for older adults. The wave spacing (every 2 years) of the HRS also does not allow assessment of the waxing and waning in volunteer work that might occur in later adulthood ). | [2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://www.futurity.org/volunteering-seniors-cognition-1575942/ |
10.1177/1745691615596788 | Psychology_445 | "If parents have concerns about their teen's face-to-face social interactions or activities, they probably have more reason to be concerned about online activities," said George. | These types of observations have helped to spark an ongoing debate about how the digital age may be influencing identity development among young people. | This may occur when adolescents struggling with existing relationships spent more time online. "If parents have concerns about their teen's face-to-face social interactions or activities, they probably have more reason to be concerned about online activities," said George. Parent-adolescent relationships online also appear to mirror offline relationships, the authors found. | Far from corrupting the young, technology is seen to be creating a generation that is more open, more democratic, more creative, and more innovative than their parents' generation. These types of observations have helped to spark an ongoing debate about how the digital age may be influencing identity development among young people. Consistent with research on adolescent friendships, adolescents' online behaviors and presentations of self tend to closely mirror their offline activities, interests, and personalities. | [1.0, 4.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://psychcentral.com/news/2015/11/19/parents-concerns-about-teen-use-of-social-media-and-cell-phones-generally-unfounded/95067.html |
10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.075 | Psychology_446 | "Our study shows that obesity may involve a specific impairment not in the processing of food itself, but rather in how obese individuals -- or at least obese women -- learn about cues in the environment that predict food," lead author Ifat Levy, assistant professor of comparative medicine and neurobiology at Yale School of Medicine, said in a press release. | The specificity of the decreased learning to the food domain and the fact that it was only observed in women suggest that it is not a learning impairment per se but rather a more complex interaction among food, gender, and learning. | Only one group seemed to be so distracted by food that they struggled with the task, and that group was explicitly obese women. "Our study shows that obesity may involve a specific impairment not in the processing of food itself, but rather in how obese individuals -- or at least obese women -- learn about cues in the environment that predict food," lead author Ifat Levy, assistant professor of comparative medicine and neurobiology at Yale School of Medicine, said in a press release. "Instead of focusing on reactions to the food itself, our results call for shifting attention to the way obese individuals learn about the environment and how they approach or ignore cues associated with food," the researchers wrote in the study. | Finally, the potentially higher incentive value of the monetary reward compared to the food reward could not account for the results because there was no main effect of reward modality on the composite learning measure or on individual indices. The specificity of the decreased learning to the food domain and the fact that it was only observed in women suggest that it is not a learning impairment per se but rather a more complex interaction among food, gender, and learning. Obese women, but not men, showed greater delay discounting and higher preference for immediate reward in the face of longer-term negative consequences, compared to their normal-weight counterparts, and these behavioral differences were associated with structural differences in striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex . | [5.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3.4 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/food-impairs-learning-tasks-obese-women-researchers-say-what-these-new-findings-could-mean-obesity |
10.1007/s00213-018-5049-7 | Psychology_447 | For further information, please contact the cited source. | We hope this study will motivate future microdosing studies with more controlled designs to test this hypothesis. | "Apart from its benefits as a potential cognitive enhancement technique, microdosing could be further investigated for its therapeutic efficacy to help individuals who suffer from rigid thought patterns or behavior such as individuals with depression or obsessive-compulsive disorder," she explains. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source. | Based on these preliminary results, we speculate that psychedelics might affect cognitive metacontrol policies by optimizing the balance between cognitive persistence and flexibility. We hope this study will motivate future microdosing studies with more controlled designs to test this hypothesis. If similar, yet substantially more subtle, effects apply to microdosing, this would render microdosing a potentially interesting cognitive enhancer in healthy individuals or even the basis of a treatment strategy to tackle various disorders including depression. | [1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37503819242&p=1pl&v=1&x=NRwj0T2A2FkeT-KTreQZvw |
10.1111/cdev.12250 | Psychology_45 | The researchers conclude with this scary notion:
"The findings support the proposition that early adolescent attempts to gain status via pseudomature behavior are not simply passing annoyances of this developmental stage, but rather may signal movement down a problematic pathway and away from progress toward real psychosocial competence." | Early adolescents engaging in high levels of pseudomature behavior will continue to be preoccupied with social status in new social venues (i.e., romantic relationships) as development progresses into early adulthood. | By the time these "cool" kids turned 23, many of them were having problems with criminal behavior and alcohol and marijuana use -- significantly more than the other subjects in the study, who were not ranked in the "cool" category at the study's onset. The researchers conclude with this scary notion:
"The findings support the proposition that early adolescent attempts to gain status via pseudomature behavior are not simply passing annoyances of this developmental stage, but rather may signal movement down a problematic pathway and away from progress toward real psychosocial competence." In other words, if you're acting extreme to look cool, chances are good that you might be the only one who thinks so. | 3. Early adolescents engaging in high levels of pseudomature behavior will continue to be preoccupied with social status in new social venues (i.e., romantic relationships) as development progresses into early adulthood. Early adolescent pseudomature behavior will predict higher levels of future problems with alcohol and substance use and serious deviant behavior, even after accounting for early signs of such behavior. | [4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/kids-who-were-cool-at-13-are-not-at-age-23-2015-7 |
10.1111/acer.12200 | Psychology_451 | "This is likely due to differences in social and gender norms for female drinkers compared to male drinkers," said study researcher Ash Levitt, a research scientist at the Research Institute on Addictions at the University at Buffalo, SUNY. | Conclusions: The findings suggest that gender differences in the application of intoxication terms are other-directed as well as self-directed and that intoxication language can inform gender-specific prevention and intervention efforts targeting problematic alcohol use among college students. | In other words, people of both sexes tend to express women's drinking in moderate terms. "This is likely due to differences in social and gender norms for female drinkers compared to male drinkers," said study researcher Ash Levitt, a research scientist at the Research Institute on Addictions at the University at Buffalo, SUNY. The drinking culture on campus may still make it seem that it is less acceptable for women to drink as much as guysdo, and women who drink a lot may be negatively perceived by other women and men -- this may be why women downplay even heavy drinking by using terms like "tipsy" to describe themselves, the researchers suggest. | Specifically, moderate intoxication terms were applied to and from women more than men, even when the character was heavily intoxicated, whereas heavy intoxication terms were applied to and from men more than women. Conclusions: The findings suggest that gender differences in the application of intoxication terms are other-directed as well as self-directed and that intoxication language can inform gender-specific prevention and intervention efforts targeting problematic alcohol use among college students. Understanding this language can provide critical insight into subjective perceptions of intoxicated states, particularly among specific groups in the general drinking population such as college students that demonstrate elevated levels of heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related consequences. | [3.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3.666667 | news | http://www.livescience.com/38096-college-drinking-words-men-women.html |
10.1038/s41386-018-0207-5 | Psychology_452 | In addition to accounting for differences in gender and age, the study controlled for the effects of psychotic disorders and tobacco use that could be associated with Parkinson's independent of ADHD. | The prevalence of ADHD in the adult population of this study was 1.7% (31,769 patients of 1.92 million individuals), considerably less than CDC-estimated ADHD prevalence in children and adolescents of 11% in the United States and 8.3% in Utah based on 2011 data . | Using the UPDB, the U of U team compiled an ADHD population, consisting of 31769 patients, of which 4960 were prescribed stimulant medications (2716 received amphetamine salts, 1941 received methylphenidate, and 303 received both). In addition to accounting for differences in gender and age, the study controlled for the effects of psychotic disorders and tobacco use that could be associated with Parkinson's independent of ADHD. The team was not able to account for other factors that could contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease, including head trauma, brain injuries, and environmental toxins. | This is consistent with reported incidence of Parkinson's disease onset at ages 30-49 years of 1.4-3.0 per 100,000 person years . The prevalence of ADHD in the adult population of this study was 1.7% (31,769 patients of 1.92 million individuals), considerably less than CDC-estimated ADHD prevalence in children and adolescents of 11% in the United States and 8.3% in Utah based on 2011 data . This is likely due to the fact that in the past 40 years since ADHD was defined, awareness of a clinical diagnosis has increased and methods of identifying ADHD patients have become more efficient and precise. | [2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2.25 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37082742309&p=1pl&v=1&x=yGFi7aVnOKNhmYePcImVpg |
10.1126/science.aaa3799 | Psychology_453 | For instance, one group of infants saw a ball roll down a ramp and appear to be stopped by a wall in its path. | Further, infants' failure to learn about the new object shows that the enhanced learning in experiment 1 was not due to general arousal or novelty. | It is, she says, "as though they are taking the occasion to try to figure something out about their world." For instance, one group of infants saw a ball roll down a ramp and appear to be stopped by a wall in its path. Testing the surprise
When the researchers gave babies new information about a surprising ball, the babies learned that information significantly better. | Hence, violations of expectation enhanced learning only for the object involved in the violation event, not for unrelated objects. Further, infants' failure to learn about the new object shows that the enhanced learning in experiment 1 was not due to general arousal or novelty. When taught about an object that was completely perceptually novel (because it had never been seen before) but did not violate any expectations, infants showed no evidence of learning. | [3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2.5 | news | http://www.futurity.org/surprise-babies-learning-890352/ |
10.1177/1948550614534701 | Psychology_455 | That's why people can encounter a split second of uncertainty about another person's gender upon seeing their face. | Thus, both biological and social factors may contribute to gendered differences in facial appearance. | And, yes, most faces do contain some ratio of overlap between these gender categories. That's why people can encounter a split second of uncertainty about another person's gender upon seeing their face. The results showed that the longer it took for the students to select the correct gender of a female politician's face, the less likely they were to say they would vote for that candidate. | In addition to these biologically determined cues, individuals can electively display and/or enhance their gendered appearance through culturally specific gender cues. Thus, both biological and social factors may contribute to gendered differences in facial appearance. Such parallel processing triggers the partial activation of multiple categories, and thus, a face that contains conflicting cues, such as a heavier brow (activating a male representation) paired with larger eyes (activating a female representation), might initially elicit partial commitments to multiple categories. | [4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 5.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3.6 | news | http://www.minnpost.com/second-opinion/2014/05/voters-especially-conservatives-prefer-women-politicians-quickly-identifiable |
10.1073/pnas.1414784111 | Psychology_457 | The results showed that women who were using hormonal contraceptives when they met their husband experienced a drop in marital satisfaction after they discontinued a hormone-based birth control. | Discontinuing HCs may interact with husbands' facial attractiveness because it recalibrates women's relationship satisfaction to be more sensitive to such cues. | In fact, the pill may be altering how attractive a woman finds a man. The results showed that women who were using hormonal contraceptives when they met their husband experienced a drop in marital satisfaction after they discontinued a hormone-based birth control. But, what's interesting is that how their satisfaction changed depended on their husbands' facial attractiveness. | Given that HCs are thought to disrupt this circuitry, it makes sense that they would weaken the extent to which relationship satisfaction is sensitive to any cues of partner genetic fitness, including facial attractiveness. Discontinuing HCs may interact with husbands' facial attractiveness because it recalibrates women's relationship satisfaction to be more sensitive to such cues. Sexual satisfaction as measured here , in contrast, captures the extent to which partners derive physical pleasure from their sexual activities. | [2.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2.333333 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/sexual-health/57759-study-contraception-may-change-how-happy-women-are-with-their-husbands-more-fsu-news-florida-state-24-7.html |
10.1177/0956797616672268 | Psychology_459 | For example, if the slide showed a thief finding $1 bills in a car, the description might be consistent (e.g., "He examined the bills, and saw they were all $1 bills"), neutral (e.g., "He examined the bills and saw they were all US currency"), or inconsistent (e.g., "He examined the bills and saw that they were all $20 bills") with the slide show. | In a striking experiment, showed just how important noticing change can be for preventing misinformation effects. | "These findings are important because they help explain why misinformation effects occur sometimes but not at other times - if people notice that the misinformation isn't accurate then they won't have a false memory." For example, if the slide showed a thief finding $1 bills in a car, the description might be consistent (e.g., "He examined the bills, and saw they were all $1 bills"), neutral (e.g., "He examined the bills and saw they were all US currency"), or inconsistent (e.g., "He examined the bills and saw that they were all $20 bills") with the slide show. True to a general misinformation effect, people were most likely to choose the misinformation response when the detail in the narrative was inconsistent with the slide show. | did not measure change detection directly, but reading times and postexperiment interviews of the subjects corroborated the discrepancy-detection principle, which predicts that noticing discrepancies substantially reduces misinformation effects. In a striking experiment, showed just how important noticing change can be for preventing misinformation effects. Critically, the fifth piece of misinformation was a blatant change that every subject was 672268P SSXXX10.1177/0956797616672268Misinformation and RemindingsPutnam et al. | [2.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2.666667 | news | http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/XJ6hp-LjVqQ/ |
10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028 | Psychology_46 | There was a positive relationship between corporal punishment and physical violence during a romantic relationship. | There was no significant association by sex (c 2 [3] = 3.52, P = .32), ethnicity (c 2 = 15.86, P =.07), or parental education (c 2 = 9.38, P = .40) differences in terms of corporal punishment (Table II) . | In total,19 percent of the young volunteers involved in the study reported that they had been physically abusive to a partner during a dating relationship and 68 percent of the volunteers reported to experiencing corporal punishment as children. There was a positive relationship between corporal punishment and physical violence during a romantic relationship. Lead study researcher Jeff Temple PhD, an associate professor at the University of Texas who specializes in dating violence, told Newsweek that one unit increase in corporal punished was associated with a 29 percent increase in perpetrating dating violence. | Nineteen percent of participants (n = 134) reported physical perpetration of dating violence, and more than one-half (68%) reported experiencing corporal punishment as children (n = 498, mean = 1.07, SD = 0.96). There was no significant association by sex (c 2 [3] = 3.52, P = .32), ethnicity (c 2 = 15.86, P =.07), or parental education (c 2 = 9.38, P = .40) differences in terms of corporal punishment (Table II) . More African Americans endorsed experiencing corporal punishment "always," relative to Hispanic participants, c 2 [1] = 3.96, P < .05, but this difference did not emerge between African American and white participants, c 2 [1] = 1.51, P = .22. | [3.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32698329640&p=1pl&v=1&x=pR-rCOq5zncqbaREgJOeFg |
10.1111/acer.12524 | Psychology_460 | "Adolescents who begin drinking at a younger age are at greater risk for later alcohol problems. | This specific example of a genetic variant that influences early drinking milestones, but not initiation, builds on twin and adoption study findings that genetic factors contribute to the development of adolescent alcohol-related problems, and environmental factors more strongly drive drinking initiation . | Results will be published in the October 2014 online-only issue of Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research and are currently available at Early View. "Adolescents who begin drinking at a younger age are at greater risk for later alcohol problems. These data demonstrate that alcohol use during adolescence plays an important role in the subsequent development of AUDs in adulthood." | Despite having an early role in the trajectory of drinking behaviors, the ADH1B variant was not associated with drinking initiation, consistent with the hypothesized mechanism of action that requires alcohol exposure . This specific example of a genetic variant that influences early drinking milestones, but not initiation, builds on twin and adoption study findings that genetic factors contribute to the development of adolescent alcohol-related problems, and environmental factors more strongly drive drinking initiation . Beyond demonstrating an early protective role of the ADH1B GA/AA genotypes in the development of these drinking behaviors, the results illustrate that reporting most or all best friends drinking was associated with attenuation of this genetic protection (Fig. | [3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140923161225.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29 |
10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.064 | Psychology_461 | Fetuses can hear and respond to their mother's voices starting as early as the third trimester of pregnancy, and hearing those voices helps babies develop social, cognitive and emotional skills. | Adult-like processing of pitch intervals allows newborns to appreciate musical melodies and emotional and linguistic prosody . | Interactions between babies and caregivers who sing to them encourages the sort of "serve and return" relationships that help develop the brain's neural connections, and babies who are exposed to music and rich language more generally develop better communication and sound processing skills as a result. Fetuses can hear and respond to their mother's voices starting as early as the third trimester of pregnancy, and hearing those voices helps babies develop social, cognitive and emotional skills. Once they're born, babies prefer the sound of their mother's voice to all others. | Adult-like processing of pitch intervals allows newborns to appreciate musical melodies and emotional and linguistic prosody . Although prenatal exposure to native-language prosody influences newborns' perception, the surrounding language affects sound production apparently much later . The French group preferentially produced cries with a rising melody contour, whereas the German group preferentially produced falling contours. | [2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33981080987&p=1pl&v=1&x=xohrOO5U8HRq39Mmpr85Pw |
10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.019 | Psychology_463 | "At the same time, half of young adults with an ASD did become employed, including youth with more challenging levels of impairment. | Given expectations for continued growth in the number of young adults with an ASD entering adulthood, urgent consideration should be given to employment preparation that is consistent with the current labor market in order to facilitate employment and minimize costs to society. | "This study highlights the particular difficulty that youth with autism are having during the transition into adulthood, especially youth from poorer households who are more likely to be disengaged from the services needed to secure and maintain a job. "At the same time, half of young adults with an ASD did become employed, including youth with more challenging levels of impairment. This finding gives us hope for what might be possible with more effective preparation for employment, transition practices and workplace supports." | Strategies for improving employment outcomes might include providing work experiences during high school, deliberate matching of capabilities to job types during transition planning, attention to the vulnerabilities of disadvantaged youth with ASD during and beyond transition, and increased flexibility of institutional supports provided over the occupational life course. Given expectations for continued growth in the number of young adults with an ASD entering adulthood, urgent consideration should be given to employment preparation that is consistent with the current labor market in order to facilitate employment and minimize costs to society. Future research is needed to determine how training provided during secondary school, in addition to postsecondary vocational education and rehabilitation services, contributes to future employment. | [2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3.5 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130904130405.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.004 | Psychology_464 | "We've done a good job of extending life span, but a poor job of extending our health span. | Therefore, discrepancies in reported daytime sleepiness in older adults-increases or decreasesappear to depend, at least in part, on the time of day and/or circadian preference of the individuals being compared. | Not according to the new article in Neuron. "We've done a good job of extending life span, but a poor job of extending our health span. We now see sleep, and improving sleep, as a new pathway for helping remedy that." | Nevertheless, daytime sleep propensity can be higher in healthy older relative to younger adults in the evening, when the circadian alerting signal is otherwise at its peak in young adults (M€ unch et al., 2005) . Therefore, discrepancies in reported daytime sleepiness in older adults-increases or decreasesappear to depend, at least in part, on the time of day and/or circadian preference of the individuals being compared. This is of further relevance given the fact of advances in circadian preference in older age, wherein older individuals shift to earlier wake times and earlier bed times . | [1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.futurity.org/deep-sleep-older-people-1394132/ |
10.1038/s41598-018-27468-0 | Psychology_465 | Surprisingly, whether children were paired with a friend or a child that neither of them had nominated as a friend had no effect on their propensity to share. | In the same study, the children's behaviour was comparable to that of adult chimpanzees, who also shared with their interaction partners as long as both of them received the high-quality reward, while human adults acted prosocially, irrespective of the quality of their own reward 22 . | If one considers withholding resources from others as a competitive, masculine strategy and sharing as a cooperative, more feminine strategy, these results are a further piece of evidence for the "masculinisation effect" of prenatal testosterone. Surprisingly, whether children were paired with a friend or a child that neither of them had nominated as a friend had no effect on their propensity to share. "Our results show that primary school children already have a strong inclination to benefit others. | However, since in our study both the donor and the recipient always received the same reward item, it is not clear whether the children's prosocial donations in our study were mainly motivated by a preference for equitable outcomes or not. In the same study, the children's behaviour was comparable to that of adult chimpanzees, who also shared with their interaction partners as long as both of them received the high-quality reward, while human adults acted prosocially, irrespective of the quality of their own reward 22 . We further found that the children's age had no effect on whether they acted prosocially or not, albeit the age range in our sample was rather small (6-9 years). | [3.0, 1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34310461275&p=1pl&v=1&x=LqTNsaofjxDeummOICEv8w |
10.1038/npp.2011.6 | Psychology_466 | The results showed those who took the oil experienced less anxiety, difficulty and discomfort during their speech, compared to those who took a placebo. | The placebo group presented higher anxiety, cognitive impairment, discomfort, and alert levels when compared with the control group as assessed with the VAMS. | "CBD oil helps to promote general feelings of wellbeing, which often suffer in a world of hectic social and work schedules." The results showed those who took the oil experienced less anxiety, difficulty and discomfort during their speech, compared to those who took a placebo. "It absolutely worked for me," he says. | Pretreatment with CBD significantly reduced anxiety, cognitive impairment and discomfort in their speech performance, and significantly decreased alert in their anticipatory speech. The placebo group presented higher anxiety, cognitive impairment, discomfort, and alert levels when compared with the control group as assessed with the VAMS. The SSPS-N scores evidenced significant increases during the testing of placebo group that was almost abolished in the CBD group. | [4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 4.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37641979979&p=1pl&v=1&x=asiO4BuTk0QHsqv1P6OB7g |
10.1177/0022146518754534 | Psychology_467 | Researchers found that increased spending on health care and increases in specialized care were both associated with longer life expectancy and less mortality in the countries studied. | Identifying the extent to which these relationships reflect problems with drugs per se (e.g., toxicity, high risk of interactions with other medications) versus the prescribing practices of physicians will be critical to reducing the risks that prescription medicines pose to population health. | Researchers found that increased spending on health care and increases in specialized care were both associated with longer life expectancy and less mortality in the countries studied. But pharmaceutical industry expansion was linked to negative health effects. "This study isn't the first to suggest prescription drugs can pose a health risk. | Research also is needed to better understand the negative relationships observed between pharmaceutical expansion and population health. Identifying the extent to which these relationships reflect problems with drugs per se (e.g., toxicity, high risk of interactions with other medications) versus the prescribing practices of physicians will be critical to reducing the risks that prescription medicines pose to population health. In conclusion, this study suggests that the medical expansion occurring in OECD countries since the 1980s has both positive and negative relationships with population health. | [1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33616418950&p=1pl&v=1&x=0U2rH0yB3sUIgJeq8eyfiQ |
10.1287/orsc.2015.0965 | Psychology_468 | Across the board, we seem to perceive leaders as more charismatic when they fit with our gendered expectations. | To the extent that these interactions are perceived by followers as arising unprompted by the leader, one implication of our findings is that perceptions of agency and communality arise not only from men's and women's behavior but also from the social context in which those behaviors occur. | iStock On one level, that's evidence that gender stereotypes are alive and well and living in our offices. Across the board, we seem to perceive leaders as more charismatic when they fit with our gendered expectations. Just as we expect leaders of hierarchies to exhibit traits we associate with men, we expect leaders of more cohesive networks to "strive for intimacy and solidarity" -- traits we tacitly associate with women. | When applied to leadership, this means that when women enact the agentic behaviors necessary for leadership, they are penalized for being insufficiently communal, resulting in negative evaluations of their leadership abilities . To the extent that these interactions are perceived by followers as arising unprompted by the leader, one implication of our findings is that perceptions of agency and communality arise not only from men's and women's behavior but also from the social context in which those behaviors occur. However, it may be that leaders are perceived by the followers to be responsible for cultivating the social structure in their teams along centralized and cohesive dimensions. | [5.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3.666667 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/demise-of-traditional-corporate-structures-shake-up-whos-on-top-2015-6 |
10.1111/adb.12082 | Psychology_469 | The data, he said, point to neuro-developmental mechanisms that increase the risk of addiction. | Developmental cortical-temporal limbic dysfunction in mental illness may thus amplify nicotine's reinforcing effects and addiction risk and severity, even while producing cognitive deficits that are not specifically or substantially reversible with nicotine. | The evidence suggests that the vulnerability is an involuntary biological result of the way the brain is designed and how it develops after birth, rather than it being about a rational choice to use nicotine as a medicine," Dr. The data, he said, point to neuro-developmental mechanisms that increase the risk of addiction. Better understanding of those mechanisms could lead to better prevention and treatment strategies, especially among mentally ill smokers, Dr. | These findings represent the first prospective evidence demonstrating a causal link between disease processes in schizophrenia and nicotine addiction. Developmental cortical-temporal limbic dysfunction in mental illness may thus amplify nicotine's reinforcing effects and addiction risk and severity, even while producing cognitive deficits that are not specifically or substantially reversible with nicotine. Although this research has imparted neuroscientific credence to a medicinal value for nicotine use in schizophrenia, recently emerging data indicate that acute nicotine dosing has no cognitive therapeutic benefits for schizophrenic compared to nonschizophrenia smokers . | [3.0, 5.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 3.4 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130927123306.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 | Psychology_47 | While anyone whoas experienced the difficulty of depression or insomnia may not be surprised that theyare connected, this study marks the first time scientists can definitively say there are neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between the two. | This is the first study, to our knowledge, to examine the neural mechanisms underlying the association of depression with sleep, a topic of great interest, with a large sample (n = 1017). | Depression and sleeplessness go hand in hand.A petitefox/Flickr
aAn important part of the research was that we showed that in a population from the US, available because of the Human Connectome Project, the orbitofrontal cortex had increased functional connectivity with the other brain regions in people with depressive problems,a co-author and fellow University of Warwick professor Edmund Rolls, Ph.D. tells Inverse, referring to the large-scale effort to map the complete structural and functional neural connections within the human brain. A total of 162 functional connectivity neural links involved in the areas of the brain associated with sleep were identified from these scans. While anyone whoas experienced the difficulty of depression or insomnia may not be surprised that theyare connected, this study marks the first time scientists can definitively say there are neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between the two. | More details are provided in the eTable 5 in the Supplement. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to examine the neural mechanisms underlying the association of depression with sleep, a topic of great interest, with a large sample (n = 1017). The results show that both poor sleep quality and depressive problems are significantly positively correlated with functional connectivities involving the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex, and the precuneus. | [3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3.2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34642343077&p=1pl&v=1&x=KFiPC90kn8JgzhaUX20nIg |
10.1073/pnas.1808412115 | Psychology_471 | Building on an existing body of research on music and childhood development, the authors pinpoint a specific way that piano lessons can help young children enhance their language processing skills. | As in the current study, far transfer is not common in training studies (e.g., ref. | Building on an existing body of research on music and childhood development, the authors pinpoint a specific way that piano lessons can help young children enhance their language processing skills. As kids' ears become trained to distinguish between different pitches and tones at the piano, Gabrieli explains, they also seem to get better at parsing subtle differences between spoken words, a key element of language acquisition. After six months, the groups showed no significant differences in general measures of cognitive ability -- things like IQ, memory and attention span -- but the piano group had distinguished itself in one key way. | In the current study, far transfer would apply to the effects of musical training on general cognitive measures. As in the current study, far transfer is not common in training studies (e.g., ref. Specifically, our failure to find a far transfer in general cognitive functions is consistent with other longitudinal studies of children trained with music . | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.25 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34439145574&p=1pl&v=1&x=7Yn6zH4b_7Bw-P-Wu8bLvQ |
10.1007/s10926-011-9302-8 | Psychology_472 | Workers and would-be workers with disabilities fare better in places where higher shares of the overall working-age population are employed. | A greater emphasis needs to be placed on communicating to employers that people with disabilities can be effective, productive, and reliable employees; one approach would be to feature employed people with diverse disabilities as trainers or as participants in the training. | People with disabilities have higher employment rates in regions with tighter labor markets
Employment rates among prime-aged adults with disabilities in the 100 largest metropolitan areas range from 28 percent to 60 percent (Map 1). Workers and would-be workers with disabilities fare better in places where higher shares of the overall working-age population are employed. In fact, the highest employment rate among people with disabilities (60 percent in Madison, Wis.) is still below the rate for all working-age adults in Bakersfield, Calif. (70 percent), the region with the lowest employment rate among the 100 largest metro areas. | Organizations providing ADA and disability training to managers, supervisors, and human resources personnel need to expand their focus to emphasize not only legal requirements but also problem solving strategies, information resources, and concrete solutions to accommodation and disability issues. A greater emphasis needs to be placed on communicating to employers that people with disabilities can be effective, productive, and reliable employees; one approach would be to feature employed people with diverse disabilities as trainers or as participants in the training. Advice to employers should also include guidance on procedures they could implement to improve the accommodation process and ensure a more hospitable workplace for employees with disabilities. | [2.0, 4.0, 2.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34633010286&p=1pl&v=1&x=6CVW_4aodDlnQG-GKUuRjg |
10.1186/2211-1522-1-4 | Psychology_474 | Moreover, the researchers found participants who described themselves as playful also valued playfulness, humor, and a laid-bac attitude, a fun tendency, and creativity in their potential partner. | They argue that strengths are positively valued traits that enable the good life. | "Therefore, this personality trait also seems important for the choice of partner -- at least more so than the partner having a degree, good genes or being religious," said Proyer in the press release. Moreover, the researchers found participants who described themselves as playful also valued playfulness, humor, and a laid-bac attitude, a fun tendency, and creativity in their potential partner. Interestingly, those who were in relationships assessed themselves as more playful compared to their single counterparts. | Research in positive emotions may serve as one example. They argue that strengths are positively valued traits that enable the good life. Strengths are psychologically fulfilling and contribute to the well-being of a person. | [3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2.2 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/looking-love-playfulness-ranks-high-personality-trait-most-desired-partners-325540 |
10.1073/pnas.1620350114 | Psychology_475 | In revealing neural entrainment as a generalized strategy for improving sensitivity to informational peaks, this study takes significant steps toward advancing the understanding of human language and perception. | Entrainment to the speech envelope may reflect mechanisms specialized for auditory perception. | "This study suggests that humans have the ability to follow perceptual rhythms and make temporal predictions in any of our senses." In revealing neural entrainment as a generalized strategy for improving sensitivity to informational peaks, this study takes significant steps toward advancing the understanding of human language and perception. "Although both groups showed the same level of entrainment in early visual regions, they displayed differences in frontal regions-this finding sets the stage for us to identify aspects of neural entrainment that are linked to the physical properties of the visual signal compared to aspects that appear only with linguistic knowledge," she says. | Despite immense variability across languages, people can learn to understand any human language, spoken or signed. Entrainment to the speech envelope may reflect mechanisms specialized for auditory perception. Alternatively, flexible entrainment may be a general-purpose cortical mechanism that optimizes sensitivity to rhythmic information regardless of modality. | [4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 3.25 | news | http://www.futurity.org/speech-sign-language-rhythms-1454802/ |
10.1073/pnas.1409643111 | Psychology_476 | For instance, in all cultures tested, high testosterone faces were judged to be more aggressive, and this is useful information when encountering strangers." | Similarly, perceptions that masculine males look aggressive increase strongly with development and, specifically, urbanization. | Also, Sugiyama said: "In large-scale societies like ours we encounter many unfamiliar people, so using appearance to infer personality traits can help cope with the overwhelming amount of social information. For instance, in all cultures tested, high testosterone faces were judged to be more aggressive, and this is useful information when encountering strangers." The UO's research there is looking at the impacts of culture change on Shuar health. | Surprisingly, preferences for exaggerated sex-specific traits are only found in the novel, highly developed environments. Similarly, perceptions that masculine males look aggressive increase strongly with development and, specifically, urbanization. These data challenge the hypothesis that facial dimorphism was an important ancestral signal of heritable mate value. | [1.0, 4.0, 2.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140923142733.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29 |
10.1177/0022146514533347 | Psychology_477 | "Our findings demonstrate that where obesity is most prevalent, the difference in life satisfaction between the obese and non-obese is smaller for women and almost non-existent for men," he said. | In counties with higher levels of obesity, this difference virtually disappears (less than 1.5 percent separates the nonobese and severely obese, and the difference between the nonobese and obese is less than .5 percent). | "Think about the advertising we see on television or in magazines -- we are bombarded by images of thin women, and we are told that is the ideal," said Pendergast, who noted that the study offers a potential explanation for the exponential increase in obesity in the United States over the past 30 years. "Our findings demonstrate that where obesity is most prevalent, the difference in life satisfaction between the obese and non-obese is smaller for women and almost non-existent for men," he said. "The same relationship is likely to exist over time and, as such, the emotional cost and advantage of obesity and non-obesity, respectively, may be decreasing as the prevalence of obesity increases. | For men in low-obesity counties, there is little more than a 2 and 7 percentage point respective difference between the obese and nonobese, and severely obese and nonobese, in the likelihood of reporting high life satisfaction. In counties with higher levels of obesity, this difference virtually disappears (less than 1.5 percent separates the nonobese and severely obese, and the difference between the nonobese and obese is less than .5 percent). In other words, there is almost no emotional cost of obesity in terms of life satisfaction for men living in high-obesity counties. | [5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 3.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 4.6 | news | http://psychcentral.com/news/2014/05/30/where-you-live-influences-your-satisfaction-with-life/70561.html |
10.1093/bjc/azy024 | Psychology_478 | Meanwhile, the Wilson/Callaghan (1974-1979) generation expressed the highest levels of worry about robbery and mugging, which was a key concern for politicians, policy makers and journalists at the time. | 8 Specifically, it suggests that from 1920 to the mid-1990s, there was little discussion of the notion of 'antisocial behaviour'. | For example, those who grew up under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990) or John Major (1990-1997) expressed the greatest level of worry about domestic burglary - the same generation who witnessed a dramatic rise in property crime during the 1980s. Meanwhile, the Wilson/Callaghan (1974-1979) generation expressed the highest levels of worry about robbery and mugging, which was a key concern for politicians, policy makers and journalists at the time. Responses to antisocial behaviours tell a similar story. | Meanwhile, those who spent their formative years under New Labour might be influenced by the heavy political emphasis on antisocial behaviour that became a conspicuous criminal justice policy directive. 8 Specifically, it suggests that from 1920 to the mid-1990s, there was little discussion of the notion of 'antisocial behaviour'. This is in keeping with our expectations since it emerged during the 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 7 See also the Conclusion for further discussion on an analysis of cohorts based on crime rates. | [1.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.8 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34748352029&p=1pl&v=1&x=Kq8PIXgzycIa7jsarzF31w |
10.1177/1359105314567207 | Psychology_479 | Dr. Mirgain also believes that mindfulness can interrupt the negative thought processes that convince people to skip exercising. | In contrast to the case of altering unhealthy habits where mindfulness and habit might be opposing (e.g. | "When we're fully absorbed, we experience things deeply and we're more likely to remember them." Dr. Mirgain also believes that mindfulness can interrupt the negative thought processes that convince people to skip exercising. You can convince yourself you don't want to go to the gym and, even when you're there, you may think you're not doing very well. | This finding could potentially shed light on the relationship of mindfulness with habit. In contrast to the case of altering unhealthy habits where mindfulness and habit might be opposing (e.g. In that sense, it is non-evaluative and involves no other cognitive processing. | [2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3.25 | news | http://www.healthcanal.com/life-style-fitness/61537-using-mindfulness-to-increase-exercise-satisfaction.html |
10.1177/0141076814565942 | Psychology_48 | What's more, "risk was particularly high for infantile autism before age 5 years." | More strikingly, risk was 80-83% increased in the first 0-4 years of life, an increase that was restricted to infantile autism. | Regardless of background, the team explains, "circumcised boys were more likely than intact boys to develop ASD before age 10 years." What's more, "risk was particularly high for infantile autism before age 5 years." That number may be so low due to overwhelming beliefs that the practice equates to genital mutilation, while stateside it may be considered more comparable to dental braces. | Ritual circumcision among Danish boys is linked to an overall 46-62% increase in ASD risk in the first 10 years of life, with the upper risk estimate obtained after restriction to the period with the most complete data. More strikingly, risk was 80-83% increased in the first 0-4 years of life, an increase that was restricted to infantile autism. To our knowledge, there is no prior evidence to suggest a link between circumcision and hyperactivity disorder, so our finding of an increased risk of this common neurobehavioral disorder among circumcised boys in non-Muslim families was unexpected and needs cautious interpretation. | [5.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/asd-and-circumcision-linked-thoughts-brain-development-factor-318144 |
10.1177/0956797614557866 | Psychology_480 | And while arguments and (quieter) counter-arguments fly regarding the possible advantages of bilingualism, it might be the pragmatic stance that wins out: speaking more than one language means being able to order lunch far from home. | Indeed, the finding of a bilingual disadvantage can hardly be interpreted as indicating better executive control abilities in monolinguals. | What seems certain, then, is that bilingualism does help ward off dementia, whether by empowering the brain's executive system or for still unknown reasons. And while arguments and (quieter) counter-arguments fly regarding the possible advantages of bilingualism, it might be the pragmatic stance that wins out: speaking more than one language means being able to order lunch far from home. While researchers continue to investigate, there are obvious advantages to being a polyglot, even without the much-celebrated, intellectual boost it might provide. | A lack of this kind of abstracts could result from file drawing on the level of conference submission already. Indeed, the finding of a bilingual disadvantage can hardly be interpreted as indicating better executive control abilities in monolinguals. The only reasonable conclusions would be that, in the tested domain, there is no bilingual advantage and a Type-I error occurred. | [2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2.8 | news | http://www.businessinsider.com/is-there-a-bilingual-advantage-2015-1 |
10.1016/j.tics.2013.12.011 | Psychology_481 | Often they're our friends, they're fun to be around. | allow people to up-or down-regulate their emotional reaction to social stimuli. | "There are people who are part-way up the scale, high enough to warrant an assessment for psychopathy, but not high enough up to cause problems. Often they're our friends, they're fun to be around. They might take advantage of us now and then, but usually it's subtle and they're able to talk their way around it." | This spontaneous propensity is best measured using minimal instructions: "please look at the movies carefully" and relatively neutral actors as stimuli. allow people to up-or down-regulate their emotional reaction to social stimuli. Despite keeping the experience of the object of empathy constant (e.g. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34630652538&p=1pl&v=1&x=LAN8BqmBSlsbulH_EOY-Bg |
10.1073/pnas.1321664111 | Psychology_483 | "Unraveling the subjective bodily sensations associated with human emotions may help us to better understand mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, which are accompanied by altered emotional processing, ANS activity, and somatosensation." | We propose that consciously felt emotions are associated with culturally universal, topographically distinct bodily sensations that may support the categorical experience of different emotions. | "We conclude that emotional feelings are associated with discrete, yet partially overlapping maps of bodily sensations, which could be at the core of the emotional experience," the authors wrote. "Unraveling the subjective bodily sensations associated with human emotions may help us to better understand mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, which are accompanied by altered emotional processing, ANS activity, and somatosensation." Additionally, the authors believe monitoring the topography of emotion-triggered bodily sensations might not only provide a unique research tool but also a biomarker for emotional disorders. | Statistical classifiers discriminated emotion-specific activation maps accurately, confirming independence of bodily topographies across emotions. We propose that consciously felt emotions are associated with culturally universal, topographically distinct bodily sensations that may support the categorical experience of different emotions. One-out linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classified each of the basic emotions and the neutral state against all of the other emotions with a mean accuracy of 72% (chance level 50%), whereas complete classification (discriminating all emotions from each other) was accomplished with a mean accuracy of 38% (chance level 14%) ( Fig. | [4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3.2 | news | http://www.medicaldaily.com/what-our-emotional-geography-researchers-map-bodily-sensations-commonly-identified-feelings-266088 |
10.1007/s11482-009-9091-9 | Psychology_485 | But one with all sorts of really nice universal goodies, tons of vacation, and low inequality is a nice place to live, and its residents are happier. | This study demonstrates that vacationers are happier, compared to non-vacationers, but a holiday trip does not add much to their happiness. | There is probably something to this, but on the other hand all the happiest countries also have phones and the internet. The obvious common-sense reaction to the happiness divergence between the Nordic countries and the U.S. is surely the right one. But one with all sorts of really nice universal goodies, tons of vacation, and low inequality is a nice place to live, and its residents are happier. | Holiday expectation ) and homesickness could be assessed for possible moderating effects. This study demonstrates that vacationers are happier, compared to non-vacationers, but a holiday trip does not add much to their happiness. Generally, there were no differences between vacationers' and non-vacationers' post-trip happiness. | [2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38809111132&p=1pl&v=1&x=Xu-cPMNODUn_KHXkUmdpag |
10.1186/s12888-019-2064-0 | Psychology_486 | The study also found unemployment and low education levels were factors that contributed to poor mental health, while women were also found to be more likely than men to suffer disorders. | Results highlight unmet mental health needs in the region. | Around 83% reported they had not seen a mental health specialist in the previous three months, despite 58% reporting having mental health disorders. The study also found unemployment and low education levels were factors that contributed to poor mental health, while women were also found to be more likely than men to suffer disorders. Approximately 80-100,000 were killed and 500,000 were displaced. | Conclusion: This is the first study at the primary care level to investigate prevalence of MHDs among conflict-affected populations in the Northern Province, Sri Lanka. Results highlight unmet mental health needs in the region. Training intervention to integrate mental health services into primary care is planned. | [2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38898984664&p=1pl&v=1&x=PNyKj5y0mmTb9a9UN-DvDA |
10.1016/j.jneb.2014.02.008 | Psychology_487 | Based on the finding, the researchers suggest that only after vigorous physical activity adolescents should take sports drinks and energy drinks should be discarded as they offer no health benefits and rather escalate the risk of overstimulation of the nervous system. | Nonhierarchical models with sports drink consumption as the independent variable explained 4% to 19% of variance in health behaviors, and the nonhierarchical models with energy drink consumption as the independent variable explained 4% to 18% of variance in health behaviors. | "Among boys, weekly sports drink consumption was significantly associated with higher TV viewing; boys who regularly consumed sports drinks spent about one additional hour per week watching TV compared with boys who consumed sports drinks less than once per week," said lead author Nicole Larson, PhD, MPH, RDN, University of Minnesota. "Boys who consumed energy drinks at least weekly spent approximately four additional hours per week playing video games compared to those who consumed energy drinks less than once per week." Based on the finding, the researchers suggest that only after vigorous physical activity adolescents should take sports drinks and energy drinks should be discarded as they offer no health benefits and rather escalate the risk of overstimulation of the nervous system. | The overall F value for each model examined was statistically significant at P < .05. Nonhierarchical models with sports drink consumption as the independent variable explained 4% to 19% of variance in health behaviors, and the nonhierarchical models with energy drink consumption as the independent variable explained 4% to 18% of variance in health behaviors. Overall, sports and energy drinks were consumed regularly (at least 1/wk) by 37.9% and 14.7% of the adolescent sample, respectively. | [2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 2.8 | news | http://www.scienceworldreport.com/articles/14486/20140506/intake-of-sports-and-energy-drinks-tied-to-unhealthy-and-negative-behaviour.htm |
10.1073/pnas.1900952116 | Psychology_488 | Overall, blind and sighted participants organized animals in similar ways and agreed on which physical features were most likely to be observed within animal groups. | 5 , bar graphs; S-to-S correlation coefficients, M = 0.53, SD = 0.09; B-to-S, M = 0.12, SD = 0.12; comparing B-to-S vs. S-to-S, t (38) = 12.11, P < 0.0001; B-to-B correlation coefficients, M = 0.18, SD = 0.09; comparing B-to-B vs. S-to-S, t (38) = 12.7, | Overall, blind and sighted participants organized animals in similar ways and agreed on which physical features were most likely to be observed within animal groups. For example, blind and sighted participants judged that dolphins are similar in shape to sharks and sloths are similar in texture to grizzlies. 15 out of 20 blind and 19 out of 20 sighted participants judged elephants to be bigger than rhinos. | The correlation between group matrices was smaller, although still significant (rho = 0.35, P < 0.0001), and blind participants' answers were significantly different from those of the sighted as well as more variable [ Fig. 5 , bar graphs; S-to-S correlation coefficients, M = 0.53, SD = 0.09; B-to-S, M = 0.12, SD = 0.12; comparing B-to-S vs. S-to-S, t (38) = 12.11, P < 0.0001; B-to-B correlation coefficients, M = 0.18, SD = 0.09; comparing B-to-B vs. S-to-S, t (38) = 12.7, A one-way ANOVA confirmed that the degree to which blind and sighted groups disagreed differed across dimensions [comparing B-to-S across shape, texture, color, F(2,56) = 4.73, P = 0.01]. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39281075617&p=1pl&v=1&x=iLZT5c10rrdrasEZqJvfsg |
10.1038/tp.2013.50 | Psychology_489 | David Amaral, research director of the MIND Institute and senior author of the paper, noted "that much research remains ahead of us to identify the mechanisms by which the antibodies affect brain development and behavior. | In addition, although no significant differences in subscale or composite scores were noted for the Mullen Scales of Early Learning or the Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scales, increased impairments in the stereotypical behavior subscale of the ABC were observed for children of mothers possessing antibodies reactive to LDH in any context (P ¼ 0.024), CRMP1 (trending toward significance; P ¼ 0.055), as well as combined reactivity to LDH and STIP1 (P ¼ 0.015), or LDH/STIP1/CRMP1 (P ¼ 0.007) in comparison to children with an ASD whose mothers lack IgG reactivity to these antigens. | Bauman adds that this unique interdisciplinary study requires a team of researchers with expertise in immunology, animal behavior and neuroscience thus "highlighting the collaborative efforts that characterize research at the UC Davis MIND Institute." David Amaral, research director of the MIND Institute and senior author of the paper, noted "that much research remains ahead of us to identify the mechanisms by which the antibodies affect brain development and behavior. But, this program of research is very exciting, because it opens pathways to potentially predicting and preventing some portion of future autism cases." | We also analyzed the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Social Communication Questionnaire behavior scales in the ASD group, but there were no significant associations found with any of the band patterns. In addition, although no significant differences in subscale or composite scores were noted for the Mullen Scales of Early Learning or the Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scales, increased impairments in the stereotypical behavior subscale of the ABC were observed for children of mothers possessing antibodies reactive to LDH in any context (P ¼ 0.024), CRMP1 (trending toward significance; P ¼ 0.055), as well as combined reactivity to LDH and STIP1 (P ¼ 0.015), or LDH/STIP1/CRMP1 (P ¼ 0.007) in comparison to children with an ASD whose mothers lack IgG reactivity to these antigens. In addition, increased overall impairment was reflected in the composite ABC score for children of mothers reactive against LDH and CRMP1 (P ¼ 0.046) as well as LDH/STIP1/CRMP1 (trending toward significance; P ¼ 0.06). | [1.0, 5.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130709094704.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1186/s13229-018-0246-0 | Psychology_49 | In Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities, only data for children in mainstream education was available; in Shenzhen City, 42 out of every 10,000 children in mainstream education had autism, and in Jiamusi City this figure was 19 per 10,000. | In Shenzhen City: 21,420 children were screened and 35 cases of autism were identified, resulting in a mainstream prevalence of 42 per 10,000 (95% CI 20-89). | In Jilin City, from a total population of 7,258, the team identified 77 cases of autism, equating to a prevalence of 108 per 10,000, very similar to that found in the West. In Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities, only data for children in mainstream education was available; in Shenzhen City, 42 out of every 10,000 children in mainstream education had autism, and in Jiamusi City this figure was 19 per 10,000. In all three cities, the researchers identified new cases of autism in mainstream schools, confirming that there is under-diagnosis of autism in China. | Results: In Jilin City, 77 cases of autism were identified from a total population of 7258, equating to a prevalence of 108 per 10,000 (95% confidence interval (CI) 89, 130). In Shenzhen City: 21,420 children were screened and 35 cases of autism were identified, resulting in a mainstream prevalence of 42 per 10,000 (95% CI 20-89). In Jiamusi City, 16,358 children were screened, with 10 autism cases being identified, with a mainstream prevalence of 19 per 10,000 (95% CI 10-38). | [3.0, 2.0, 4.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 3.5 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38803711012&p=1pl&v=1&x=__aEa1i_DgRqCsuf6-1kqA |
10.1111/ajps.12118 | Psychology_490 | Fortunately, this problem is avoided in the case of family, because parents can't determine gender of their child. | Under such a theory, it is possible that we would see a general liberal trend among those having daughters across many cases having a gendered component, specifically cases involving discrimination against women. | However, alternative factors, such as personal relationships or experiences, were largely ignored. Fortunately, this problem is avoided in the case of family, because parents can't determine gender of their child. "Using new data on the family lives of U.S. Courts of Appeals judges, we find that, conditional on the number of children a judge has, judges with daughters consistently vote in a more feminist fashion on gender issues than judges who have only sons. | Under this theory, parents would want to protect their daughters from possible gender-based discrimination, resulting in increased progressive views on employment or pregnancy discrimination law. Under such a theory, it is possible that we would see a general liberal trend among those having daughters across many cases having a gendered component, specifically cases involving discrimination against women. (However, we might also see a conservative trend among reproductive rights or abortion cases.) | [2.0, 1.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.technology.org/2014/10/14/judges-daughters-feminist/ |
10.1073/pnas.1512653112 | Psychology_491 | Carmen Sandi remains cautious, since the study involved rats rather than humans; after all, brain function is just one of the many elements that influence social dynamics. | Here we show that trait anxiety directly influences social dominance in male outbred rats and identify an important mediating role for mitochondrial function in the nucleus accumbens. | The study is also the first to show that the brainaEUR(tm)s energy metabolism influences the establishment of social hierarchies. Carmen Sandi remains cautious, since the study involved rats rather than humans; after all, brain function is just one of the many elements that influence social dynamics. aEURoeSocial interactions are immensely complex,aEUR says Sandi. | Here we show that trait anxiety directly influences social dominance in male outbred rats and identify an important mediating role for mitochondrial function in the nucleus accumbens. High-anxious animals that are prone to become subordinate during a social encounter with a low-anxious rat exhibit reduced mitochondrial complex I and II proteins and respiratory capacity as well as decreased ATP and increased ROS production in the nucleus accumbens. A causal link for these findings is indicated by pharmacological approaches. | [2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 2.4 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/how-anxiety-can-kill-your-social-status/ |
10.1038/s41598-019-39932-6 | Psychology_492 | Despite the bears' preference in the wild for a solitary life, the bears in this study took part in hundreds of play bouts, with more than twice as many gentle play sessions compared to rough play. | However, this possibility requires further research into whether gentle play is more likely to transition into rough play when exact facial mimicry occurs. | In the wild, it's a relatively solitary animal, so this suggests the ability to communicate via complex facial expressions could be a pervasive trait in mammals, allowing them to navigate their societies." Despite the bears' preference in the wild for a solitary life, the bears in this study took part in hundreds of play bouts, with more than twice as many gentle play sessions compared to rough play. The bears were most likely to show precise facial mimicry during gentle play. | Perhaps exact facial mimicry helps to signal a readiness to transition into rougher play in sun bears, which is consistent with the proposition that facial communication helps regulate high play intensity 22 , and is a pattern previously associated with canid play signalling 19 . However, this possibility requires further research into whether gentle play is more likely to transition into rough play when exact facial mimicry occurs. Alternatively, exact facial mimicry might be more directly linked to gentle www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ play and hereby function, for instance, to strengthen social bonds 24 . | [3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 3 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38812382548&p=1pl&v=1&x=TOdwIEJm_kqsQVy3uAw-PQ |
10.1016/j.conb.2017.05.002 | Psychology_493 | This discovery may well prove to be the basis for enhancement treatments to reduce required sleep time in the years ahead. | Not surprisingly, staying awake for extended periods of time leads to substantial wakedependent changes in cortical and subcortical network activity [9 ,10 ,11 ], which likely contribute to wellknown behavioural deficits after sleep deprivation or disruption . | We would accomplish much more, experience much more. This discovery may well prove to be the basis for enhancement treatments to reduce required sleep time in the years ahead. We should consider the caveats, however: sleep appears to be important in clearance of some aggregates from the brain, and it could be the case that individuals who sleep less have raised rates of neurodegenerative disease in late life, but these possible risks and associations have not yet been evaluated. | Furthermore we suggest that sleep disturbance may fundamentally change the nature of behaviour, making it more model-free and habitual as a result of reduced attentional capacity. Not surprisingly, staying awake for extended periods of time leads to substantial wakedependent changes in cortical and subcortical network activity [9 ,10 ,11 ], which likely contribute to wellknown behavioural deficits after sleep deprivation or disruption . Such opposing effects of waking and sleep on brain activity and behaviour may be described conceptually within a framework of homeostatic regulation . | [2.0, 4.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3.333333 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40256702740&p=1pl&v=1&x=U7YrUiGDxao-DC9rSXDtxQ |
10.1002/erv.2553 | Psychology_494 | To mitigate these long-term negative effects, we must recognise disordered eating early and direct sufferers to treatment," says Karkkainen. | Signs and symptoms of an eating disorder should always be taken seriously and not dismissed or minimized. | "These results prove that disordered eating is detrimental to the physical and mental health of young adults both in the short and long term. To mitigate these long-term negative effects, we must recognise disordered eating early and direct sufferers to treatment," says Karkkainen. Eating can also be considered disordered if a person meticulously plans each meal long into the future, counts calories and weighs foods, follows an excessively strict diet or cuts certain foods from their diet claiming health or ethical reasons, when the real motivation is weight loss. | On average, the BMI of individuals with AN is lower than the BMI of those with BN, which is lower than the BMI of those with BED. Signs and symptoms of an eating disorder should always be taken seriously and not dismissed or minimized. Immediate attention is warranted, and a comprehensive evaluation should be the first step in treatment planning (American Psychiatric Association, 2006; National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2004 ). | [3.0, 3.0, 5.0] | Psychology | train | 3.666667 | news | http://healthmedicinet.com/news/disordered-eating-among-young-adults-found-to-have-long-term-negative-health-effects/ |
10.1038/mp.2015.193 | Psychology_495 | These effects not only evoke video games, but may also bother those prone to epileptic seizures. | However, the present study advanced our understanding of VGP as a daily habit of children and revealed that the conditions in which children play videogames for long periods of time may lead to unfavorable neurocognitive development, at least from a certain perspective. | Not only can gamers now seek treatment, but more therapists could provide specialized care and insurance companies could even cover the disease. These effects not only evoke video games, but may also bother those prone to epileptic seizures. Let's hope the WHO's new crusade will convince video game designers to do the same. | Thus our study cannot directly explain how MD correlates of the amount of VGP in the identified areas are associated with the observed cognitive functional correlates of the amount of VGP and other cognitive functions. In conclusion, increased VGP is directly or indirectly associated with delayed development of the MD in extensive regions in the brain as well as verbal intelligence. However, the present study advanced our understanding of VGP as a daily habit of children and revealed that the conditions in which children play videogames for long periods of time may lead to unfavorable neurocognitive development, at least from a certain perspective. | [3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 2.6 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34334814850&p=1pl&v=1&x=3LIsB4YcHB2ULIZrEip3Bw |
10.1086/674724 | Psychology_497 | It's far from simple, however. | .001). | "Although happiness from extraordinary experiences does not change over one's lifespan, ordinary experiences elicit greater happiness as people get older and their remaining time becomes limited," they conclude in their study. It's far from simple, however. And there was a surprisingly high agreement over what kind of events made them the happiest. | Self-defining experiences (M p 7.36; SD p 1.68) were also associated with greater happiness than general experiences (M p 6.40; SD p 2.30; F(1, 315) p 29.04, p ! .001). A regression analysis showed a main effect of condition with self-defining experiences being more extraordinary (b p .61, t(315) p 4.51, p ! | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 1.25 | news | http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/happy-age/story?id=22635399 |
10.1111/bjop.12025 | Psychology_498 | The gum-chewing group was able to recall more of these numbers and even recall them more quickly than the group which was not allowed to chew gum. | The proposition is supported if the gradient of decline for the no-gum group is significantly steeper than that for the chewing-gum group. | A small group of 40 volunteers were able to better remember sequences when they were chewing gum than those who were not masticating. The gum-chewing group was able to recall more of these numbers and even recall them more quickly than the group which was not allowed to chew gum. The researchers also noted the gum chewers' performance increased over time as their reactions came quicker as the 30-minute test came to a close. | Specifically, independent regression analysis for each participant in the no-gum and chewing-gum groups provides an estimate for their gradients of vigilance decline across epochs. The proposition is supported if the gradient of decline for the no-gum group is significantly steeper than that for the chewing-gum group. The computed gradients of decline (see Figure 2) were compared via an independent samples t-test and, consistent with the proposition, the gradient of decline for the no-gum group exceeded that for the chewing-gum group, (t(38)=3.99, p< .001: regression means = -0.32 and -0.06, for the no-gum and chewing-gum group, respectively). | [3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 3.5 | news | http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1112814380/gum-chewing-can-help-your-brain-040213/ |
10.1177/0190272516656585 | Psychology_499 | In addition to potential efforts in schools to stop cyberbullying, Felmlee said parents can also take steps to mitigate cyber aggression in their children's lives. | Time 2 cyber aggression is 4.3 times more likely to occur between Time 1 friends (or former friends) than between friends of friends. | "Our study calls attention to the role of cyber aggression within close relationships, and we hope that bullying prevention programs will incorporate these findings into their curricula, particularly through the development of interventions to help heal or resolve toxic, abusive relationships among teens," Felmlee said. In addition to potential efforts in schools to stop cyberbullying, Felmlee said parents can also take steps to mitigate cyber aggression in their children's lives. "Many people may be unaware that current or former friends and romantic partners are the most likely perpetrators of cyberbullying, at least among school-aged teens," Felmlee said. | In analyses not shown here, we find that the rate per thousand of being attacked diminishes as the friendship distance between the aggressor and the victim widens. Time 2 cyber aggression is 4.3 times more likely to occur between Time 1 friends (or former friends) than between friends of friends. Approximately 17.2 percent of the student body in our sample was involved in cyber aggression in some way, with approximately 8.1 percent victimized by cyber aggression within a short timeframe. | [2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2 | news | http://www.science20.com/news_articles/former_friends_exdates_more_likely_to_turn_into_teen_cybertormentors-178916 |
10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x | Psychology_5 | The pattern for second births is similar, although the increase in happiness before and around the birth is roughly half of that for first births. | Significance markers under the x-axis are for the test between married and not married and are as follows: † p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001 Table 2 . | The pattern for second births is similar, although the increase in happiness before and around the birth is roughly half of that for first births. The increase in parental happiness surrounding the birth of a third child is negligible. Mikko Myrskyla, professor of demography at LSE and Director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany, said: "Our results show a temporary and transitory gain in parents' happiness around the birth of first and second children. | The test for the difference between partnered and nonpartnered is significant at p < .001 (SOEP) and p < .05 (BHPS). Significance markers under the x-axis are for the test between married and not married and are as follows: † p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001 Table 2 . For second births, the overall trajectory is similar, but the increase in happiness before and around the birth is lower than for first births (p < .05). | [1.0, 1.0, 5.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29 |
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941 | Psychology_50 | The researchers conclude that increased functional connectivity among these brain regions provides a neural basis for how depression is related to poor sleep quality. | , 44 This This study found that another brain region strongly associated with the effects of depressive problems on sleep quality is the precuneus. | The analysis showed that these functional connectivities underlie the relation between depressive problems and sleep quality. The researchers conclude that increased functional connectivity among these brain regions provides a neural basis for how depression is related to poor sleep quality. "This study may also have implications for a deeper understanding of depression," adds professor Edmund Rolls. | This helps to cross-validate the findings in the data sets from China in which all these areas have been identified in a network of brain areas with different functional connectivity in depression. , 44 This This study found that another brain region strongly associated with the effects of depressive problems on sleep quality is the precuneus. 40 On the bases of the findings of this study and others, 16, we propose that the low self-esteem in depression is associated with increased functional connectivity between the precuneus (which is involved in the representation of self) and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, which is involved in nonreward and therefore implicated in depression. | [3.0, 5.0, 3.0, 2.0] | Psychology | train | 3.25 | news | https://www.futurity.org/depression-sleep-problems-insomnia-1821432-2/ |
10.1073/pnas.1308718110 | Psychology_500 | Just like humans, monkeys are able to select objectively better options from a menu of choices. | Notably, this shift to a risk-neutral or a risk-averse estimate closely paralleled the monkey's shift toward consistency as indexed by obeying first-order stochastic dominance (Fig. | "We found that after training, monkeys are very rational. Just like humans, monkeys are able to select objectively better options from a menu of choices. "The monkeys also seem to share human risk preferences. | We found that monkeys were risk seeking early in training, but this risk-seeking behavior (α > 1) became risk neutral (α statistically indiscriminable from 1.0) and then slightly risk averse (α < 1) as the monkeys gained experience (Fig. Notably, this shift to a risk-neutral or a risk-averse estimate closely paralleled the monkey's shift toward consistency as indexed by obeying first-order stochastic dominance (Fig. This suggests that when choice behavior is technically inconsistent (and utility models assuming monotonicity should not be applied), behavior erroneously appears risk seeking, using such analyses. | [4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 2.2 | news | http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/3979/20130914/monkeys-understand-basic-forms-wealth.htm |
10.1177/2158244019828850 | Psychology_501 | While drivers included an enjoyment of arguing, desire to affirm political beliefs, and hope to engage productively with those of opposing views, they also found some less-obvious results:
People are likely to engage with those who have different beliefs and backgrounds
While negative comments are more likely to spark sustained conversation, positive tweets are most likely to receive positive replies, suggesting that pleasant political conversations are possible
Individuals fall into engagement patterns - if they engage, they do so frequently and if they don't, they tend to remain disengaged
"Taken together, these findings suggest that average citizens are participating in rich and engaging political conversations," commented study authors Sarah Shugars and Nicholas Beauchamp. | Using data from Facebook and Wikipedia, find the identities of recent commenters is most predictive of conversation reentry. | While drivers included an enjoyment of arguing, desire to affirm political beliefs, and hope to engage productively with those of opposing views, they also found some less-obvious results:
People are likely to engage with those who have different beliefs and backgrounds
While negative comments are more likely to spark sustained conversation, positive tweets are most likely to receive positive replies, suggesting that pleasant political conversations are possible
Individuals fall into engagement patterns - if they engage, they do so frequently and if they don't, they tend to remain disengaged
"Taken together, these findings suggest that average citizens are participating in rich and engaging political conversations," commented study authors Sarah Shugars and Nicholas Beauchamp. The researchers propose broadly increasing conversational activity online and developing tools to make it easier to engage and follow long threads in order to extend and enrich these interactions. In addition, given users' willingness to respond to those unlike themselves, the researchers suggest that there is value in showing users new and different content, rather than recommendations based on the content with which they have already interacted. | Supporting this theory, find that the number of distinct users in long threads follows a bimodal distribution. Using data from Facebook and Wikipedia, find the identities of recent commenters is most predictive of conversation reentry. This lattermost line of work is largely a-theoretical and not particularly concerned with normative issues. | [4.0, 1.0, 4.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39221909866&p=1pl&v=1&x=whEjj0mJHbu-qETxEHKRdQ |
10.1037/a0038032 | Psychology_502 | That woman (or man) at the bar no longer looks so special, and the odds of you approaching him or her, and possibly making a bad decision regarding who to become intimate with, are dramatically decreased. | Examining attractiveness ratings of healthy and unhealthy foods as a function of participants' hunger scores and training condition revealed that, analogous to food choices, hunger affected the preferences for unhealthy and healthy food differently across training groups. | But if you've gotten in a detached state of mind, and are able to consciously notice that impulse arise, the magic deflates. That woman (or man) at the bar no longer looks so special, and the odds of you approaching him or her, and possibly making a bad decision regarding who to become intimate with, are dramatically decreased. In all these cases, "when participants were instructed and trained to see that their experiences were mere thoughts, constructed by their own minds, the stimuli themselves became less attractive, and resisting them became easier," the researchers conclude. | Although no response window was used, participants' mean choice responses were relatively fast (M ϭ 878 ms, SD ϭ 277), suggesting that they followed our instructions to indicate their momentary wanting spontaneously. Examining attractiveness ratings of healthy and unhealthy foods as a function of participants' hunger scores and training condition revealed that, analogous to food choices, hunger affected the preferences for unhealthy and healthy food differently across training groups. Hunger slightly increased the attractiveness of unhealthy foods among control participants,  ϭ .29, t(37) ϭ 1.80, p ϭ .077, but not among mindful attention participants,  ϭ Ϫ.04, t(34) ϭ Ϫ0.23, p ϭ .82, who rated the unhealthy foods as less attractive overall,  ϭ .28, t(72) ϭ 2.47, p ϭ .02. | [1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1.25 | news | http://www.psmag.com/navigation/health-and-behavior/mindfulness-training-twelve-minutes-avoiding-temptation-94637/ |
10.1111/nyas.12179 | Psychology_503 | While it's true that people are generally averse to harming others, the bottom line is that people don't feel this way all the time." | c, 26 When the out-group or one of its members suffers a misfortune, this sense of inferiority-and we argue, resulting envious prejudice-leads to intergroup schadenfreude. | "We found that surprising because we weren't certain participants would self report that. While it's true that people are generally averse to harming others, the bottom line is that people don't feel this way all the time." Again, the findings matched earlier experiments -- participants rated the articles associated with disgust and envy with less warmth than the pride or pity scenarios. | 50 can make salient one's own group's relative inferiority, generating hostile, group-based envy. c, 26 When the out-group or one of its members suffers a misfortune, this sense of inferiority-and we argue, resulting envious prejudice-leads to intergroup schadenfreude. People generally prefer their own in-group to outgroups, 30 but not all out-groups are equivalent. | [1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 4 | news | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131028101117.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29 |
10.1002/hbm.22842 | Psychology_504 | The researchers stated that the process was, in effect, able to read the minds of the participants while they contemplated a brand-new thought. | It may soon become possible to measure activation-related changes in knowledge representation simultaneously with gray and white matter changes, in conjunction with various types of knowledge acquisition. | They are also meaningful and can be interpreted. The researchers stated that the process was, in effect, able to read the minds of the participants while they contemplated a brand-new thought. The result of the experiment also revealed that once an animal's property was learned, the information remains intact in the brain regardless whether other properties of the animal are learned. | The new results here complement this body of research by documenting a change in brain function (activation patterns) accompanying the emergence of new conceptual knowledge, versus the enhancement of an intellectual skill (reading) or motor skill (juggling). It may soon become possible to measure activation-related changes in knowledge representation simultaneously with gray and white matter changes, in conjunction with various types of knowledge acquisition. The findings of the current study may foreshadow a capability to apply brain imaging and multivoxel pattern analyses to assess the progress in learning a complicated concept-such as that of a high-school physics lesson-by monitoring the changes in the concept's neural representation as new features or aspects of the concept are learned. | [3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 4.0] | Psychology | train | 2.75 | news | http://www.techtimes.com/articles/59701/20150612/heres-how-newly-learned-concepts-form-in-your-brains-filing-system.htm |
10.1098/rspb.2017.2171 | Psychology_505 | The findings suggest that a captive whale's ability to deftly mimic unfamiliar noises hints that imitation likely plays an important role in building orcas' unique "vocal traditions." | Additionally, our nondifferential reinforcement regime (good copies of novel sounds were not reinforced to avoid shaping) may have also contributed to this variability. | And she reproduced the new sounds quickly, some within the first attempt. The findings suggest that a captive whale's ability to deftly mimic unfamiliar noises hints that imitation likely plays an important role in building orcas' unique "vocal traditions." The researchers found that Wikie successfully copied all of the sounds, most of them in fewer than 10 tries. | Possible factors that could explain this variability are the difficulty in producing novel sounds and some uncontrolled factors such as variation in motivational levels across sessions. Additionally, our nondifferential reinforcement regime (good copies of novel sounds were not reinforced to avoid shaping) may have also contributed to this variability. Consequently, it is conceivable that our data represent a conservative estimate of the killer whale's capacity for vocal imitation. | [2.0, 3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0] | Psychology | train | 2.4 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=33157263707&p=1pl&v=1&x=BGfE7xuV4FecUerpZhJU8A |
10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.04.012 | Psychology_506 | The team's online modules avoid confrontational approaches "which threaten preexisting beliefs and convictions," suggesting a relatively simple guide for how to overcome skepticism about GM foods: focus on the actual underlying science not the message. | Subjects were primarily white (78%); 33% had a bachelor's degree, 27% had some college, 20% had an advanced degree, and 11% had a high school education or less. | Their findings, argues the team, lend direct support for the deficit model of science attitudes, which--in broad terms--holds that the public's skepticism towards science and technology is largely due to a lack of understanding, or absence of pertinent information. The team's online modules avoid confrontational approaches "which threaten preexisting beliefs and convictions," suggesting a relatively simple guide for how to overcome skepticism about GM foods: focus on the actual underlying science not the message. For McPhetres, the studies tie neatly into his larger research focus on people's basic science knowledge and general interest in science--and how to improve both. | Subjects were 362 adults (142 female) with an average age of 33.53 years (SD = 10.88). Subjects were primarily white (78%); 33% had a bachelor's degree, 27% had some college, 20% had an advanced degree, and 11% had a high school education or less. Fiftyfour subjects were excluded for failing at least one attention check or for not completing the main measures, resulting in a final sample of n = 309. | [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] | Psychology | train | 1 | news | http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39339658521&p=1pl&v=1&x=OpPfTQoRjtinRFtRfzn_CA |