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10.1111/cdev.12250

Psychology_176

At 13, those who exhibited "pseudomature behaviors" -- a catchall term for behaviors that seem to boost perceived popularity -- were rated as more popular by their peers.

Cumulative continuity theory again suggests an explanation in which early pseudomature behavior may alter critical contexts in which adolescents are developing so as to lead to more serious criminal behavior in the future.

"It appears that while so-called cool teens' behavior might have been linked to early popularity, over time, these teens needed more and more extreme behaviors to try to appear cool," Joseph P. Allen, lead author and professor of psychology at the University of Virginia, said in statement. At 13, those who exhibited "pseudomature behaviors" -- a catchall term for behaviors that seem to boost perceived popularity -- were rated as more popular by their peers. The cooler kids impressed their peers through displays of romantic behavior (like kissing or touching), deviant acts (like damaging their parents' property or sneaking into a movie theater without a ticket), or by associating themselves with more physically attractive friends.

Early pseudomature behavior also predicted higher adult levels of more serious criminal behavior, alcohol and drug use, and problems associated with such use. Cumulative continuity theory again suggests an explanation in which early pseudomature behavior may alter critical contexts in which adolescents are developing so as to lead to more serious criminal behavior in the future. For example, if pseudomature behavior leaves early adolescents more likely to associate with deviant teens and more likely to believe that relying upon deviant behaviors is a useful way of impressing peers, then such behavior would likely place teens at greater risk of engaging in more serious deviant behavior going forward.

[5.0, 4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0]

Psychology

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http://www.businessinsider.com/being-popular-in-high-school-leads-to-problems-in-adulthood-2014-6

10.1080/08870446.2013.818674

Psychology_177

Self-efficacy and support The result: support from their partners is helpful to smokers who wish to stop and it increases their chances of success, provided that they have developed skills of their own that help them to abstain.

Future research should explore these findings further and develop interventions to provide smokers who intend to quit with the best possible conditions.

Self-efficacy and support The result: support from their partners is helpful to smokers who wish to stop and it increases their chances of success, provided that they have developed skills of their own that help them to abstain. Such support could involve their partner reminding them of their plan to quit as well as encouraging and supporting them in critical situations. Careful planning The same is true of the coping strategies that the smoker plans to apply in difficult situations (for instance, taking a chewing gum or being reminded of one's wish to quit when spending an evening in the company of smokers and feeling an uncontrollable craving for a cigarette).

As people who live with a smoking partner have an increased risk for several diseases compared to those living with a non-smoker , providing social support to help the partner to quit smoking is also beneficial for themselves. Concluding, the study yielded the first evidence for the importance of the combination of individual and social factors in smoking cessation. Future research should explore these findings further and develop interventions to provide smokers who intend to quit with the best possible conditions.

[3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0]

Psychology

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http://www.healthcanal.com/substance-abuse/41119-rauchstopp-zu-zweit.html

10.1111/cdep.12038

Psychology_178

Although spanking is traditionally supposed to teach a lesson to correct bad behavior, children who were spanked were neither more compliant nor better behaved.

The link between spanking and physical abuse is the most disturbing of these unintended effects, but it should not be a surprising one; both parental acts involve hitting, and purposefully hurting, children.

"The findings were consistently negative," she said. Although spanking is traditionally supposed to teach a lesson to correct bad behavior, children who were spanked were neither more compliant nor better behaved. Moreover, for both boys and girls, she said, "We found [spanking] linked to more aggression, more delinquent behavior, more mental health problems, worse relationships with parents, and putting the children at higher risk for physical abuse from their parents."

Children who are spanked are more likely to attribute hostile intentions to others, attributions that in turn increase the likelihood that they will behave aggressively in social interactions . The link between spanking and physical abuse is the most disturbing of these unintended effects, but it should not be a surprising one; both parental acts involve hitting, and purposefully hurting, children. Reducing parents' use of spanking may go a long way toward reducing the number of children who suffer physical abuse each year.

[3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37496711489&p=1pl&v=1&x=NWsoYnhIAFQ7txCZZJ6ciQ

10.1111/cdev.12250

Psychology_179

The teens' "pseudomature behavior," as the researchers call it, "predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior," the study said.

Early pseudomature behavior also predicted higher adult levels of more serious criminal behavior, alcohol and drug use, and problems associated with such use.

For these teens, being popular was their highest goal, Allen said. According the study, by the time they reached the age of 22, the once-popular teens were perceived as less competent, and were more likely to have problems with drugs and alcohol. The teens' "pseudomature behavior," as the researchers call it, "predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior," the study said.

This theory suggests that efforts to attain status with peers via superficial, pseudomature behaviors might lead to future difficulties because these pseudomature behaviors replace efforts to develop positive social skills and meaningful friendships and thus leave teens less developmentally mature and socially competent over time. Early pseudomature behavior also predicted higher adult levels of more serious criminal behavior, alcohol and drug use, and problems associated with such use. Cumulative continuity theory again suggests an explanation in which early pseudomature behavior may alter critical contexts in which adolescents are developing so as to lead to more serious criminal behavior in the future.

[5.0, 4.0, 5.0, 4.0, 5.0]

Psychology

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http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cool-kids-dont-stay-popular-forever/

10.1177/0141076814565942

Psychology_18

"Given the widespread practice of non-therapeutic circumcision in infancy and childhood around the world, our findings should prompt other researchers to examine the possibility that circumcision trauma in infancy or early childhood might carry an increased risk of serious neurodevelopmental and psychological consequences."

Considering the widespread practice of non-therapeutic circumcision in infancy and childhood around the world, confirmatory studies should be given priority.

Risk was particularly high for infantile autism before the age of five, at least in epidemiology. The researchers say that the pain associated with circumcision in very young babies is likely to be more severe during the operation and post-operatively. "Given the widespread practice of non-therapeutic circumcision in infancy and childhood around the world, our findings should prompt other researchers to examine the possibility that circumcision trauma in infancy or early childhood might carry an increased risk of serious neurodevelopmental and psychological consequences."

This finding, and the unexpected observation of an increased risk of hyperactivity disorder among circumcised boys in non-Muslim families, need attention, particularly because data limitations most likely rendered our HR estimates conservative. Considering the widespread practice of non-therapeutic circumcision in infancy and childhood around the world, confirmatory studies should be given priority. Among children operated for a variety of conditions, Levy noted a strong association between the age at operation and the frequency and severity of emotional sequelae.

[3.0, 5.0, 3.0, 3.0]

Psychology

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http://www.science20.com/news_articles/circumcision_linked_to_autism_study-152121

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_180

While the effectiveness of behaviorally targeted ads is great news for marketers, these findings bring up some troubling hypotheticals.

Study 2 also provides evidence that behaviorally targeted ads have unique effects relative to an identity salience prime and demonstrates that the effects of behaviorally targeted ads on purchase intentions persist over time.

"Consumers who knew they had received a targeted ad reported being more interested in the advertised product, and even changed their self-perceptions to be more in line with what the ad implied about them," she explains. While the effectiveness of behaviorally targeted ads is great news for marketers, these findings bring up some troubling hypotheticals. Based on Reczek's findings, these sorts of ads could strengthen that young person's perception of themselves as a certain kind of gun owner.

Study 2 demonstrates that the effects of behavioral targeting on purchase intentions are mediated by the recognition that the ad implies something about the consumer's identity and the subsequent adjustments in self-perceptions that result from recognizing this implied label. Study 2 also provides evidence that behaviorally targeted ads have unique effects relative to an identity salience prime and demonstrates that the effects of behaviorally targeted ads on purchase intentions persist over time. Study 3 shows that the serial mediation tested in study 2 holds not just for purchase intentions for the advertised product but also for other behaviors conceptually related to the label.

[3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40338498080&p=1pl&v=1&x=V53CkzJkG1_9kTNpbGkVtQ

10.1073/pnas.1509654112

Psychology_181

But things got interesting when they took a look at the individual brain scans: Only zero to eight percent of people had an aEURoeall maleaEUR or aEURoeall femaleaEUR brain, meaning most people have a mix of elements that are classified as both male and female in their brains.

Our findings are robust across sample, age, type of MRI, and method of analysis.

They found 29 regions that seem to be different sizes in people who identified as male or female. But things got interesting when they took a look at the individual brain scans: Only zero to eight percent of people had an aEURoeall maleaEUR or aEURoeall femaleaEUR brain, meaning most people have a mix of elements that are classified as both male and female in their brains. While itaEUR(tm)s possible to have predominantly female components or predominantly male components to your brain, researchers found that most people are in the middle.

Moreover, analyses of internal consistency reveal that brains with features that are consistently at one end of the "maleness-femaleness" continuum are rare. Our findings are robust across sample, age, type of MRI, and method of analysis. These findings are corroborated by a similar analysis of personality traits, attitudes, interests, and behaviors of more than 5,500 individuals, which reveals that internal consistency is extremely rare.

[2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]

Psychology

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news

http://healthmedicinet.com/news/science-proves-men-and-women-are-actually-from-the-same-planet/

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_182

"Consumers who knew they had received a targeted ad reported being more interested in the advertised product, and even changed their self-perceptions to be more in line with what the ad implied about them," she explains.

We do note, however, that motivated reasoning ) may also play a role in determining what label consumers believe the ad implies because consumers may be motivated to accept a more socially desirable or positive label.

"Consumers who knew they had received a targeted ad reported being more interested in the advertised product, and even changed their self-perceptions to be more in line with what the ad implied about them." "Consumers who knew they had received a targeted ad reported being more interested in the advertised product, and even changed their self-perceptions to be more in line with what the ad implied about them," she explains. While the effectiveness of behaviorally targeted ads is great news for marketers, these findings bring up some troubling hypotheticals.

We expect that the consumer will only accept, and subsequently exhibit behavior consistent with, the label that he or she perceives to be most connected to past behavior. We do note, however, that motivated reasoning ) may also play a role in determining what label consumers believe the ad implies because consumers may be motivated to accept a more socially desirable or positive label. Additionally, it would be useful to investigate the role of the importance (to the self) of the trait implied from the label ).

[3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40338498080&p=1pl&v=1&x=V53CkzJkG1_9kTNpbGkVtQ

10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y

Psychology_183

This supports an interplay between the nap and subsequent overnight sleep in the consolidation of memories in young children."

4) .

A significant benefit of napping was observed only when changes across the entire 24-hour period were considered. This supports an interplay between the nap and subsequent overnight sleep in the consolidation of memories in young children." The researchers say another highlight of their work is finding that naps do contribute to emotion processing in preschool children, which is consistent with parents' and early childhood teachers' observations, though this benefit in emotional memory is delayed, say Spencer and colleagues.

These results support that the relationship between memory performance change across both the nap and overnight sleep bouts was fully mediated by nap SWA (Fig. 4) . Individually, the nap and overnight sleep bouts were not sufficient to induce changes in memory.

[3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw

10.1073/pnas.1505114112

Psychology_184

[related] All participants improved in language skills important for language and reading, but the improvement was greater for those in music classes, compared with the ROTC group.

These changes seem to benefit literacy skills: both groups improved in phonological awareness relative to the general population, but the music training group improved more compared with the active controls.

They also demonstrated prolonged heightened brain sensitivity to sound details. [related] All participants improved in language skills important for language and reading, but the improvement was greater for those in music classes, compared with the ROTC group. "Our results support the notion that the adolescent brain remains receptive to training, underscoring the importance of enrichment during the teenage years," the authors write.

The music training group also exhibited earlier emergence of the adult cortical response, suggesting that in-school music accelerates neurodevelopment. These changes seem to benefit literacy skills: both groups improved in phonological awareness relative to the general population, but the music training group improved more compared with the active controls. Our results support the notion that the adolescent brain remains receptive to training, underscoring the importance of enrichment during teenage years.

[4.0, 4.0, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.futurity.org/band-teenagers-brains-965992/

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_185

If an ad makes you feel sophisticated or environmentally conscious, you are more likely to engage in all kinds of behaviors related to that trait - not just buy the advertised product," Reczek said.

The results show that behaviorally targeted ads result in increased purchase intentions for the advertised product, an effect mediated by consumers' recognition of the ad as an implied social label.

"The reason this works is because it is changing your self-perceptions first. If an ad makes you feel sophisticated or environmentally conscious, you are more likely to engage in all kinds of behaviors related to that trait - not just buy the advertised product," Reczek said. For example, in one experiment, participants who received a behaviorally targeted ad for an environmentally friendly product were more likely than others to donate to an environmental cause later because they saw themselves as being more "green" as a result of receiving the ad.

The effects proposed in hypotheses 1 and 2 only hold when the implied label is plausibly connected to consumers' prior behavior (i.e., when behavioral targeting is at least moderately accurate). The results show that behaviorally targeted ads result in increased purchase intentions for the advertised product, an effect mediated by consumers' recognition of the ad as an implied social label. Study 2 demonstrates that the effects of behavioral targeting on purchase intentions are mediated by the recognition that the ad implies something about the consumer's identity and the subsequent adjustments in self-perceptions that result from recognizing this implied label.

[4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/

10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x

Psychology_187

"Those who become parents at young ages have a downward happiness trajectory, but those who become parents at older ages and men with more resources have more positive short- and long-term responses to a birth," the scientists claim.

If a birth is a positive life event, the happiness response to having a child may be strongest when the event is first experienced.

In addition, the data reveals that a reaction to a birth is highly influenced by such sociodemographic characteristics as age or socioeconomic status. "Those who become parents at young ages have a downward happiness trajectory, but those who become parents at older ages and men with more resources have more positive short- and long-term responses to a birth," the scientists claim. This fact can also in part explain why mean age of parents has increased.

is an exception: they found that first births have a positive effect on parental happiness, but higher order births do not. If a birth is a positive life event, the happiness response to having a child may be strongest when the event is first experienced. Moreover, higher-parity births might increase happiness less than the first birth because of resource dilution.

[2.0, 3.0, 2.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.technology.org/2014/08/27/third-child-make-parents-happier/

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.4081

Psychology_188

But it's not the first to find that an older father might make you more prone to psychiatric illness.

In other words, an increased risk for a set of mental disorders in the offspring appears to be associated with younger mothers and older fathers.

The study adds to a growing body of research focused on the specific effects of parental age. But it's not the first to find that an older father might make you more prone to psychiatric illness. This should serve as a caution to men--just because they don't have the same time limits to reproduction that women do doesn't mean there isn't a prime window in their fertility, too.

For example, with respect to maternal age, several disorders have an increased risk in the offspring of younger (teenaged) mothers but no marked increased in the offspring of older mothers, plus an increased risk in the offspring of older (≥45 years) fathers but little or no marked increase in the offspring of younger fathers. In other words, an increased risk for a set of mental disorders in the offspring appears to be associated with younger mothers and older fathers. Our study draws particular attention to the links between younger mothers and a range of mental disorders.

[4.0, 3.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://qz.com/170543/men-shouldnt-wait-too-long-to-have-kids-either/

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_189

"Consumers who knew they had received a targeted ad reported being more interested in the advertised product, and even changed their self-perceptions to be more in line with what the ad implied about them," she explains.

The results of study 2 therefore support our proposition that the effect of receiving a behaviorally targeted ad is distinct from that of successful identity salience manipulations, but they do not necessarily imply that targeted ads are more impactful under all circumstances.

"Consumers who knew they had received a targeted ad reported being more interested in the advertised product, and even changed their self-perceptions to be more in line with what the ad implied about them." "Consumers who knew they had received a targeted ad reported being more interested in the advertised product, and even changed their self-perceptions to be more in line with what the ad implied about them," she explains. While the effectiveness of behaviorally targeted ads is great news for marketers, these findings bring up some troubling hypotheticals.

These results therefore show that the identity prime used in the main study was successful in at least temporarily increasing interest in sophisticated activities, even though we did not observe an effect of the prime on purchase intentions in the main study. The results of study 2 therefore support our proposition that the effect of receiving a behaviorally targeted ad is distinct from that of successful identity salience manipulations, but they do not necessarily imply that targeted ads are more impactful under all circumstances. We speculate on the conditions that strengthen and weaken each of these processes in the general discussion section.

[1.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40338498080&p=1pl&v=1&x=V53CkzJkG1_9kTNpbGkVtQ

10.1177/0141076814565942

Psychology_19

The study's findings showed that, regardless of cultural background, circumcised boys may run a greater risk of developing ASD.

Results: With a total of 4986 ASD cases, our study showed that regardless of cultural background circumcised boys were more likely than intact boys to develop ASD before age 10 years (HR ¼ 1.46; 95% CI: 1.11-1.93).

The researchers, who followed the boys up to the age of nine, found that almost 5,000 cases of ASD were diagnosed. The study's findings showed that, regardless of cultural background, circumcised boys may run a greater risk of developing ASD. The researchers noted they also made an unexpected observation of an increased risk of hyperactivity disorder among circumcised boys in non-Muslim families.

Results: With a total of 4986 ASD cases, our study showed that regardless of cultural background circumcised boys were more likely than intact boys to develop ASD before age 10 years (HR ¼ 1.46; 95% CI: 1.11-1.93). Risk was particularly high for infantile autism before age five years (HR ¼ 2.06; 95% CI: 1.36-3.13). Circumcised boys in non-Muslim families were also more likely to develop hyperkinetic disorder (HR ¼ 1.81; 95% CI: 1.11-2.96).

[4.0, 5.0, 4.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://psychcentral.com/news/2015/01/10/circumcision-linked-to-increased-risk-of-autism/79714.html

10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x

Psychology_190

Compared to men, women gain more in happiness in expectation of, and right after, the birth of a child.

Not only one's own experience of the transition to parenthood, but also perceiving the well-being of others before and after having children, may affect the tempo and quantum of fertility.

Also, the likelihood of a pregnancy being unplanned may increase with the number of children a woman already has -- and this brings its own stresses." Compared to men, women gain more in happiness in expectation of, and right after, the birth of a child. Women also have steeper drops in their happiness than men between the year of the birth and the year afterward, possibly because of the larger initial gain.

Decreasing gains in subjective well-being at higher birth orders may inhibit people from moving to parity three. Not only one's own experience of the transition to parenthood, but also perceiving the well-being of others before and after having children, may affect the tempo and quantum of fertility. In addition to the type of social learning about the optimal timing and number of children to have , fertility decisions may be affected by observing the subjective experiences of others.

[1.0, 2.0, 1.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29

10.1080/14635240.2015.1029641

Psychology_191

Simply put, we think better on our feet than in our seat."

The findings indicate that students provided with stand-biased desks did not decrease in their academic engagement in the classroom when compared with their seated counterparts.

Benden says he wasn't surprised at the results of the study, given that previous research has shown that physical activity, even at low levels, may have beneficial effects on cognitive ability. Simply put, we think better on our feet than in our seat." The key lesson to take from this research, Benden says, is that school districts that put standing desks in classrooms may be able to address two problems at the same time: academic performance and childhood obesity.

Second graders' engagement score of 1.20 was lower than third graders ( p ¼ 0.39), and the fourth graders have a higher score of 2.28 than third graders ( p ¼ 0.19). The findings indicate that students provided with stand-biased desks did not decrease in their academic engagement in the classroom when compared with their seated counterparts. The significance of this finding is twofold.

[2.0, 5.0, 3.0, 2.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.futurity.org/standing-desks-child-attention-905882/

10.1111/cdep.12038

Psychology_192

The report found that, globally, about 300 million children between the ages of 2 and 4 experienced physical punishment or verbal abuse from their parents of caregivers, and in some countries, children as young as 12 months old were subject to hitting.

It is time to stop hitting our children in the name of discipline.

"A child exposed to violence at home is very likely to use violence against peers in school" and in later life as well, she says. The report found that, globally, about 300 million children between the ages of 2 and 4 experienced physical punishment or verbal abuse from their parents of caregivers, and in some countries, children as young as 12 months old were subject to hitting. Legislated bans send a clear message that this kind of discipline is not acceptable, says Cappa.

By using the euphemistic term spanking, parents feel justified in hitting their children while not acknowledging that they are, in fact, hitting. We as a society have agreed that hitting is not an effective or acceptable way for adults to resolve their differences, so it should not be a surprise that hitting children, like hitting adults, causes more problems than it solves. It is time to stop hitting our children in the name of discipline.

[2.0, 4.0, 2.0, 5.0, 2.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37496711489&p=1pl&v=1&x=NWsoYnhIAFQ7txCZZJ6ciQ

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941

Psychology_193

The researchers found functional connectivity between the areas of the brain associated with short-term memory, self, and negative emotions, which cause sufferers to dwell on bad thoughts and lead to a poor quality of sleep.

These findings provides a neural basis for understanding how depression is associated with poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment because of the brain areas identified.

The researchers found functional connectivity between the areas of the brain associated with short-term memory, self, and negative emotions, which cause sufferers to dwell on bad thoughts and lead to a poor quality of sleep. This research could lead to better sleep quality for people with depression, and opens up the possibility of new targeted treatments. In the brains of those living with depressive problems, they discovered a strong connection between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (associated with short-term memory), the precuneus (associated with the self), and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (associated with negative emotion).

Much smaller associations were found in the reverse direction; that is, the associations of sleep quality with depressive problems mediated by these links were less significant. These findings provides a neural basis for understanding how depression is associated with poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment because of the brain areas identified. Areas in which functional connectivity was associated with depressive problems and their effects on sleep quality included the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, precuneus, and angular gyrus.

[2.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0]

Psychology

train

news

https://www.futurity.org/depression-sleep-problems-insomnia-1821432-2/

10.1111/cdev.12250

Psychology_195

The teens' "pseudomature behavior," as the researchers call it, "predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior," the study said.

behaviors predict far greater future risk than has heretofore been recognized.

For these teens, being popular was their highest goal, Allen said. According the study, by the time they reached the age of 22, the once-popular teens were perceived as less competent, and were more likely to have problems with drugs and alcohol. The teens' "pseudomature behavior," as the researchers call it, "predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior," the study said.

***p < .001. behaviors predict far greater future risk than has heretofore been recognized. In terms of competence with peers, pseudomature behavior in early adolescence predicted not only declining popularity with peers across adolescence but also lower levels of peer competence, as rated by peers, in early adulthood.

[3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cool-kids-dont-stay-popular-forever/

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_196

One key qualification: The information the behaviorally targeted ad conveys about the consumer must be accurate.

We identify how behavioral targeting is distinct from traditional forms of targeting and empirically demonstrate the conditions under which these characteristics prompt unique psychological consequences for consumers.

For example, in one experiment, participants who received a behaviorally targeted ad for an environmentally friendly product were more likely than others to donate to an environmental cause later because they saw themselves as being more "green" as a result of receiving the ad. One key qualification: The information the behaviorally targeted ad conveys about the consumer must be accurate. "The ad has to be plausible to the consumer for it have any effect," Reczek said.

First, we provide an early inquiry into the effects of behaviorally targeted ads. We identify how behavioral targeting is distinct from traditional forms of targeting and empirically demonstrate the conditions under which these characteristics prompt unique psychological consequences for consumers. Specifically, by showing that consumers viewing a behaviorally targeted ad recognize an implied label from a marketer, we integrate the literatures on marketplace metacognition and consumer response to firms' digital marketing efforts (e.g., .

[1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941

Psychology_197

A total of 162 functional connectivity neural links involved in the areas of the brain associated with sleep were identified from these scans.

3B shows that there is a high positive correlation (r=0.524, p< 1.0×10 -30 ) between the r values for the correlation between the functional connectivity links for the whole brain and the sleep duration based on the HCP and Biobank datasets.

Depression and sleeplessness go hand in hand.A petitefox/Flickr aAn important part of the research was that we showed that in a population from the US, available because of the Human Connectome Project, the orbitofrontal cortex had increased functional connectivity with the other brain regions in people with depressive problems,a co-author and fellow University of Warwick professor Edmund Rolls, Ph.D. tells Inverse, referring to the large-scale effort to map the complete structural and functional neural connections within the human brain. A total of 162 functional connectivity neural links involved in the areas of the brain associated with sleep were identified from these scans. While anyone whoas experienced the difficulty of depression or insomnia may not be surprised that theyare connected, this study marks the first time scientists can definitively say there are neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between the two.

The association patterns between FCs and sleep duration are very similar in both the HCP dataset and the Biobank dataset (Fig. 3B shows that there is a high positive correlation (r=0.524, p< 1.0×10 -30 ) between the r values for the correlation between the functional connectivity links for the whole brain and the sleep duration based on the HCP and Biobank datasets. Further, a Fisher's test also confirmed the correlation (p<10 -10 ).

[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 5.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34642343077&p=1pl&v=1&x=KFiPC90kn8JgzhaUX20nIg

10.1073/pnas.1322295111

Psychology_198

Results from this task demonstrated that subjects with injuries to their insula tended to not be biased by the frequency that either color ended up being chosen.

Here, insula patients distributed their choices between the two color options, and showed no apparent differences in basic 'stickiness' or self-reported confidence, but they deviated from the other groups in that they did not show a gambler's fallacy bias.

Instead, subjects suffering from these injuries cut their losses and chose to stop playing when they hit a near-miss. Results from this task demonstrated that subjects with injuries to their insula tended to not be biased by the frequency that either color ended up being chosen. Instead, they were likely to stick to the same color trial after trial.

These data provide the first evidence for the causal involvement of the insula region in some of the cognitions characteristic of gambling behavior. Here, insula patients distributed their choices between the two color options, and showed no apparent differences in basic 'stickiness' or self-reported confidence, but they deviated from the other groups in that they did not show a gambler's fallacy bias. An intriguing feature is that the averaged data for the insula group displayed modest positive recency in their roulette color choice (Fig.

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http://arstechnica.com/science/2014/04/brain-damage-can-make-people-immune-to-the-gamblers-fallacy/

10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y

Psychology_199

This supports an interplay between the nap and subsequent overnight sleep in the consolidation of memories in young children."

As such, emotional memories may benefit from SWS presence in the naps, which accounts for 42% of naps at this age.

A significant benefit of napping was observed only when changes across the entire 24-hour period were considered. This supports an interplay between the nap and subsequent overnight sleep in the consolidation of memories in young children." The researchers say another highlight of their work is finding that naps do contribute to emotion processing in preschool children, which is consistent with parents' and early childhood teachers' observations, though this benefit in emotional memory is delayed, say Spencer and colleagues.

Likewise, negative memories selectively cued during SWS are better remembered than uncued items 8 . As such, emotional memories may benefit from SWS presence in the naps, which accounts for 42% of naps at this age. Naps in early childhood support declarative memory consolidation.

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Psychology

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news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941

Psychology_20

A total of 162 functional connectivity neural links involved in the areas of the brain associated with sleep were identified from these scans.

A total of 162 functional connectivity links involving areas associated with sleep, such as the precuneus, anterior cingulate cortex, and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, were identified.

Depression and sleeplessness go hand in hand.A petitefox/Flickr aAn important part of the research was that we showed that in a population from the US, available because of the Human Connectome Project, the orbitofrontal cortex had increased functional connectivity with the other brain regions in people with depressive problems,a co-author and fellow University of Warwick professor Edmund Rolls, Ph.D. tells Inverse, referring to the large-scale effort to map the complete structural and functional neural connections within the human brain. A total of 162 functional connectivity neural links involved in the areas of the brain associated with sleep were identified from these scans. While anyone whoas experienced the difficulty of depression or insomnia may not be surprised that theyare connected, this study marks the first time scientists can definitively say there are neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between the two.

The Depressive Problems score was positively correlated with poor sleep quality (r = 0.371; P < .001). A total of 162 functional connectivity links involving areas associated with sleep, such as the precuneus, anterior cingulate cortex, and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, were identified. Of these links, 39 were also associated with the Depressive Problems scores.

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http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34642343077&p=1pl&v=1&x=KFiPC90kn8JgzhaUX20nIg

10.1111/cdep.12038

Psychology_200

The parents in Holden's study were spanking their children, however, at a median frequency rate of 18 times a week -- or 936 times a year.

Finally, in a study of 440 families that followed children over the transition to adolescence, both the spanking and child effect paths were significant .

Other proven approaches Although the sample size of this study was small, its findings suggest that many parents weren't telling the truth in previous surveys about corporal punishment practices in their homes. The parents in Holden's study were spanking their children, however, at a median frequency rate of 18 times a week -- or 936 times a year. Needless to say, that's an appalling -- and depressing -- statistic.

Moving to the elementary school years, a study of a nationally representative sample of 11,044 children found both the spanking effect and child effect to be significant over the period from kindergarten to third grade . Finally, in a study of 440 families that followed children over the transition to adolescence, both the spanking and child effect paths were significant . In these studies, although children's aggressive behavior often elicited more spanking over time, this effect did not entirely explain the association between spanking and children's aggression.

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news

http://www.minnpost.com/second-opinion/2014/04/parents-often-spank-out-anger-and-trival-reasons-real-time-study-finds

10.1186/s13229-018-0246-0

Psychology_201

"Contrary to previous studies, we have shown that the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions in China is in line with that found in the West," said Dr Sophia Xiang Sun, who conducted this study as part of her PhD at Cambridge University and who is now based in the Star Kay Bridge Research Centre for Children with Autism in Xiamen, China.

Most of the children identified in this study using these contemporary screening and diagnostic measures had not previously received an autism diagnosis, confirming underdiagnosis of autism in mainstream schools.

In all three cities, the researchers identified new cases of autism in mainstream schools, confirming that there is under-diagnosis of autism in China. "Contrary to previous studies, we have shown that the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions in China is in line with that found in the West," said Dr Sophia Xiang Sun, who conducted this study as part of her PhD at Cambridge University and who is now based in the Star Kay Bridge Research Centre for Children with Autism in Xiamen, China. We have been able to use a standardized screening methodology, allowing us to compare the results with Western countries to show that autism occurs broadly at the same rate, irrespective of culture."

This high estimate may have resulted from the particular screening and assessment instruments used . Most of the children identified in this study using these contemporary screening and diagnostic measures had not previously received an autism diagnosis, confirming underdiagnosis of autism in mainstream schools. Second, we report autism prevalence in mainstream schools only in Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities.

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http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38803711012&p=1pl&v=1&x=__aEa1i_DgRqCsuf6-1kqA

10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856

Psychology_202

Patients with age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy or glaucoma had a 40 to 50 percent greater risk of Alzheimer's disease than those without the eye conditions, the researchers said.

When we separated recent vs. established ophthalmic conditions, we found a 46% higher AD risk in participants with recent glaucoma compared with those without, but no increased risk for those with established glaucoma.

"The main message from this study is that ophthalmologists should be more aware of the risks of developing dementia for people with these eye conditions and primary care doctors seeing patients with these eye conditions might be more careful on checking on possible dementia or memory loss," Lee explained in a university news release. Patients with age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy or glaucoma had a 40 to 50 percent greater risk of Alzheimer's disease than those without the eye conditions, the researchers said. "What we found was not subtle," said Paul Crane, a professor of medicine at the university.

Without a temporal window, 20% higher AD risk was found in participants with AMD and 44% higher AD risk in those with DR compared with those without. When we separated recent vs. established ophthalmic conditions, we found a 46% higher AD risk in participants with recent glaucoma compared with those without, but no increased risk for those with established glaucoma. In comparison with those without AMD, AD risk in participants with recent and established AMD were 20% and 50% higher; only the latter was statistically different from the null.

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Psychology

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http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34792864437&p=1pl&v=1&x=POVsoSxsrI9yWH7psyoAxQ

10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856

Psychology_203

Patients with age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, or glaucoma were at 40 % to 50% greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to similar people without these eye conditions.

Even though our primary outcome was clinical AD diagnosis, we found similar relationships with all-cause dementia with all three ophthalmic conditions (Supplementary Table 1 ).

"The main message from this study is that ophthalmologists should be more aware of the risks of developing dementia for people with these eye conditions and primary care doctors seeing patients with these eye conditions might be more careful on checking on possible dementia or memory loss." Patients with age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, or glaucoma were at 40 % to 50% greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to similar people without these eye conditions. Cataract diagnosis was not an Alzheimer's disease risk factor.

It is common to evaluate risk factors in the larger group of people with clinical diagnoses and attempt to confirm those risk factors with more specific neuropathology data in the smaller subset of individuals who have died and come to autopsy. Even though our primary outcome was clinical AD diagnosis, we found similar relationships with all-cause dementia with all three ophthalmic conditions (Supplementary Table 1 ). The 5-year cutoff to delineate recent versus established condition could be viewed as a limitation.

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Psychology

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http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34769213463&p=1pl&v=1&x=UVvlj5AQUfbG2OpYDI_gHw

10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x

Psychology_204

The researchers think that the perception of decreasing satisfaction diminishes motivation to have one more baby.

However, parents who already have children may be more confident in their skills and may be better able to cope with children, which would predict that parents' happiness response is more positive for higher-order births.

This finding combined with the classic psychological learning theory can explain why the number of parents having three children is so small. The researchers think that the perception of decreasing satisfaction diminishes motivation to have one more baby. In addition, the data reveals that a reaction to a birth is highly influenced by such sociodemographic characteristics as age or socioeconomic status.

Moreover, higher-parity births might increase happiness less than the first birth because of resource dilution. However, parents who already have children may be more confident in their skills and may be better able to cope with children, which would predict that parents' happiness response is more positive for higher-order births. These differences may be moderated by the welfare state.

[1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0]

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http://www.technology.org/2014/08/27/third-child-make-parents-happier/

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_207

While the advertising industry has been reluctant to tout its use of targeted ads because of privacy concerns, this research suggests there may be benefits for companies that indicate to consumers that they are sending ads meant specifically for them.

The results from study 1 provide support for the hypothesis that behaviorally targeted advertisements can act as implied social labels, resulting in adjustments to behavior consistent with the label.

"The ad has to be plausible to the consumer for it have any effect," Reczek said. While the advertising industry has been reluctant to tout its use of targeted ads because of privacy concerns, this research suggests there may be benefits for companies that indicate to consumers that they are sending ads meant specifically for them. "If you're a person who goes out hiking occasionally and you see a behaviorally targeted ad for hiking boots that suggests you're rugged and outdoorsy, our results suggest you will feel more outdoorsy and then be more likely to buy that product," Reczek said.

, .0046-.1719), indicating that behavioral targeting increases purchase intentions for the advertised product through the recognition of the implied social label. The results from study 1 provide support for the hypothesis that behaviorally targeted advertisements can act as implied social labels, resulting in adjustments to behavior consistent with the label. Consumers in the behaviorally targeted and the demographically targeted condition felt equally that the ad was matched to personal information from earlier in the experimental session (to a significantly greater extent than participants in the control, nontargeted condition).

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http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/

10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y

Psychology_208

Change in memory accuracy also did not differ when tested after a nap compared to the change in memory accuracy after an interval awake, they report.

4) .

To do this, they presented children ages approximately three to five years (34-64 months) with faces paired with mean or nice word descriptions, but they saw no significant main effects of emotional valence on recognition memory. Change in memory accuracy also did not differ when tested after a nap compared to the change in memory accuracy after an interval awake, they report. However, when memory was tested again following overnight sleep, the change in memory accuracy was greater if the child had napped the previous day.

These results support that the relationship between memory performance change across both the nap and overnight sleep bouts was fully mediated by nap SWA (Fig. 4) . Individually, the nap and overnight sleep bouts were not sufficient to induce changes in memory.

[1.0, 1.0, 1.0]

Psychology

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http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw

10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x

Psychology_209

The happiness level of parents varied among different ages.

Our modeling approach, which follows with some modifications, 5 allows observing anticipation, shortterm (1 to 4 years) changes, and long-term (5 to 18 years) changes in happiness over the transition to parenthood while controlling for time-invariant unobserved characteristics, such as personality or genetic endowments.

On the third child, parents inadvertently switched back to their "pre-child happiness level," according to LSE. The happiness level of parents varied among different ages. Those aged 35 to 49 experienced the highest level of happiness, while those between age 18 and 22 reported a decline in their happiness.

We assume the cardinality of life satisfaction because treating life satisfaction as ordinal versus cardinal makes little difference . Our modeling approach, which follows with some modifications, 5 allows observing anticipation, shortterm (1 to 4 years) changes, and long-term (5 to 18 years) changes in happiness over the transition to parenthood while controlling for time-invariant unobserved characteristics, such as personality or genetic endowments. 3) , education (Fig.

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http://www.hngn.com/articles/47780/20141031/births-of-first-and-second-child-bring-parents-more-happiness-than-the-third-but-why.htm

10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028

Psychology_21

In total,19 percent of the young volunteers involved in the study reported that they had been physically abusive to a partner during a dating relationship and 68 percent of the volunteers reported to experiencing corporal punishment as children.

Results In all, 19% of participants (n = 134) reported physical dating violence perpetration and 68% reported experiencing corporal punishment as children (n = 498).

Of the 758 young adults recruited for the study, 61 percent were female. In total,19 percent of the young volunteers involved in the study reported that they had been physically abusive to a partner during a dating relationship and 68 percent of the volunteers reported to experiencing corporal punishment as children. There was a positive relationship between corporal punishment and physical violence during a romantic relationship.

Results In all, 19% of participants (n = 134) reported physical dating violence perpetration and 68% reported experiencing corporal punishment as children (n = 498). Analysis showed a significant positive association between corporal punishment and physical perpetration of dating violence (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07-1.59). Even after controlling for sex, ethnicity, age, parental education, and child physical abuse, childhood corporal punishment was associated significantly with physical dating violence perpetration (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.62).

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Psychology

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news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32698329640&p=1pl&v=1&x=pR-rCOq5zncqbaREgJOeFg

10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111282

Psychology_210

"It seems to me that if a patient has an interest in their pharmacogenetic profile that could impact medication decisions, they're probably better off just asking the physician about what testing can be done, since confirmatory testing is expected anyway even if you got 23andMe," says Boadie Dunlop, an Emory University psychiatrist who researchers biological markers that predict responses to drug treatments.

The study was not specific to patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, who represented 42.6% of subjects; primary diagnoses of bipolar disorder and anxiety disorder represented 17.2% and 28.9% of subjects, respectively.

The doctor still isn't supposed to suggest changing medication until they have you genetically tested again by an independent lab. "It seems to me that if a patient has an interest in their pharmacogenetic profile that could impact medication decisions, they're probably better off just asking the physician about what testing can be done, since confirmatory testing is expected anyway even if you got 23andMe," says Boadie Dunlop, an Emory University psychiatrist who researchers biological markers that predict responses to drug treatments. The team analyzed four tests (CNSDose, Genecept, GeneSight, and Neuropharmagen) and found that they could reliably detect whether someone has a certain genetic variant, says Dunlop.

Although "positive results" were announced, it appears that the primary outcome measure, a statistically significant reduction in HAM-D score from baseline to week 8 among subjects receiving GeneSight testing in comparison with treatment as usual, was not achieved. The study was not specific to patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, who represented 42.6% of subjects; primary diagnoses of bipolar disorder and anxiety disorder represented 17.2% and 28.9% of subjects, respectively. Data from clinician surveys for 625 patients were obtained.

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Psychology

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http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37574117193&p=1pl&v=1&x=ptbwG_dACdLouZko2EPU2w

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_211

"Consumers who knew they had received a targeted ad reported being more interested in the advertised product, and even changed their self-perceptions to be more in line with what the ad implied about them."

We propose that the influence of this implied label on consumers' self-perceptions depends on the extent to which the consumer believes the label accurately reflects his or her past behavior.

"Even when you think you're focused on a task and performing it, having a distractor that captures your attention very briefly can fundamentally change what you thought you were perceiving," she says. "Consumers who knew they had received a targeted ad reported being more interested in the advertised product, and even changed their self-perceptions to be more in line with what the ad implied about them." "Consumers who knew they had received a targeted ad reported being more interested in the advertised product, and even changed their self-perceptions to be more in line with what the ad implied about them," she explains.

First, people must engage in behavior that can be used as the basis for self-perception ). We propose that the influence of this implied label on consumers' self-perceptions depends on the extent to which the consumer believes the label accurately reflects his or her past behavior. In such a situation, consumers would not perceive the label to be generated as a result of their own behavior and, as a result, that label would not be accepted and would therefore not impact their self-perceptions and future actions ; ).

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Psychology

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http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40338498080&p=1pl&v=1&x=V53CkzJkG1_9kTNpbGkVtQ

10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y

Psychology_213

Further, Spencer and colleagues report, greater nap slow wave activity was associated with greater memory decay during the nap.

Experimenter ratings of mood also did not differ across conditions.

However, when memory was tested again following overnight sleep, the change in memory accuracy was greater if the child had napped the previous day. Further, Spencer and colleagues report, greater nap slow wave activity was associated with greater memory decay during the nap. Yet nap slow wave activity also predicted greater overnight improvement in memory.

Children's self-report of both sleepiness and mood in session 1 (following immediate recognition) did not differ across conditions (p's > 0.20). Experimenter ratings of mood also did not differ across conditions. However, experimenters did rate children as significantly more sleepy in the nap condition after both Memory Performance.

[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0]

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http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw

10.1111/lcrp.12013

Psychology_214

The researchers found that closing the eyes helped the participants remember both audial and visual information.

The findings extend previous research in showing that the eye-closure instruction can still be effective when witnesses are interviewed repeatedly, and that it can facilitate the elicitation of new information.

Having a good relationship with the interviewer also helped people answer more questions about the crime correctly, but if the person closed his or her eyes, the recall was effective regardless of the rapport the person felt with the interviewer. The researchers found that closing the eyes helped the participants remember both audial and visual information. The researchers found that closing your eyes during an investigation is likely to make you feel less comfortable unless you have built up a good rapport with the questioner.

Conclusions. The findings extend previous research in showing that the eye-closure instruction can still be effective when witnesses are interviewed repeatedly, and that it can facilitate the elicitation of new information. Thus, the eye-closure instruction constitutes a simple and time-efficient interview tool for police interviewers.

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http://www.techtimes.com/articles/27033/20150118/close-your-eyes-for-better-memory-recall.htm

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_215

When the targeting is based on behavior, consumers believe the advertiser is labeling them as a particular type of consumer: a sophisticated consumer, or a green consumer.

In order for consumers to adjust their self-perceptions and behaviors in response to the receipt of a behaviorally targeted ad, they must accept the social label implied by the ad.

"The targeting has to be based on your behavior and not just demographic attributes such as age or gender," Smith said. When the targeting is based on behavior, consumers believe the advertiser is labeling them as a particular type of consumer: a sophisticated consumer, or a green consumer. Those are the types of labels that can change people's views about themselves.

H1: Behaviorally targeted advertisements can act as implied social labels, resulting in adjustments to self-perceptions and behavior consistent with the label. In order for consumers to adjust their self-perceptions and behaviors in response to the receipt of a behaviorally targeted ad, they must accept the social label implied by the ad. We propose that acceptance of the label will depend on the accuracy of the targeting-that is, the extent to which the label is plausibly connected to consumers' past behavior.

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http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/

10.1111/cdep.12038

Psychology_216

Although spanking is traditionally supposed to teach a lesson to correct bad behavior, children who were spanked were neither more compliant nor better behaved.

But there is a third reason not to spank our children, and that is a moral one.

"The findings were consistently negative," she said. Although spanking is traditionally supposed to teach a lesson to correct bad behavior, children who were spanked were neither more compliant nor better behaved. Moreover, for both boys and girls, she said, "We found [spanking] linked to more aggression, more delinquent behavior, more mental health problems, worse relationships with parents, and putting the children at higher risk for physical abuse from their parents."

We thus have research-based and humanrights-based reasons for not spanking our children. But there is a third reason not to spank our children, and that is a moral one. By using the euphemistic term spanking, parents feel justified in hitting their children while not acknowledging that they are, in fact, hitting.

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http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37496711489&p=1pl&v=1&x=NWsoYnhIAFQ7txCZZJ6ciQ

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941

Psychology_217

"This study may also have implications for a deeper understanding of depression," he said.

This provides evidence that some areas can be associated with depressive symptoms even in individuals who had never been diagnosed with depression.

Researchers believe it is the first time the neural mechanisms underlying the association of depression and sleep have been studied in a large sample. "These findings provide a neural basis for understanding how depression relates to poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment of depression and improvement of sleep quality because of the brain areas identified." "This study may also have implications for a deeper understanding of depression," he said.

If the 92 participants who had ever been diagnosed with depression were removed from this analysis, the correlations of some of these areas with the Depressive Problems score were still significant, including the anterior cingulate gyrus and middle frontal gyrus (middle frontal gyrus with right anterior cingulate cortex: r = 0.115; P = .001; left cuneus with left superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral: r = −0.109; P = .002; right inferior parietal gyrus, excluding supramarginal and angular gyri with left middle cingulate and paracingulate gyri: r = 0.059; P = .01; right middle frontal gyrus with left anterior cingulate cortex: r = 0.059; P = .01; left postcentral gyrus with left inferior temporal lobe: r = 0.059; P = .01; eTable 2 in the Supplement). This provides evidence that some areas can be associated with depressive symptoms even in individuals who had never been diagnosed with depression. However, all of the links involving the lateral orbitofrontal cortex became nonsignificant if this subgroup of 92 individuals was removed (eTable 3 in the Supplement).

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http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34634204738&p=1pl&v=1&x=GZ7D3xt9Fp7_9IgR9S1Qrg

10.1080/08870446.2013.818674

Psychology_219

Support from one's partner can help -- but only if the smokers have developed skills of their own that help them to stop.

As the minimum and maximum of the mean-centred smokingspecific received social support were -2.20 and 1.94, simple slopes for individuals reporting high and low levels of smoking-specific social support were significant (at the 10% level).

Support from one's partner can help -- but only if the smokers have developed skills of their own that help them to stop. Self-efficacy and support The result: support from their partners is helpful to smokers who wish to stop and it increases their chances of success, provided that they have developed skills of their own that help them to abstain. Such support could involve their partner reminding them of their plan to quit as well as encouraging and supporting them in critical situations.

than 1.87, the association between volitional self-efficacy and continuous abstinence was significant (p<.lO). As the minimum and maximum of the mean-centred smokingspecific received social support were -2.20 and 1.94, simple slopes for individuals reporting high and low levels of smoking-specific social support were significant (at the 10% level). Similar results emerged in the second moderator analysis that predicted biochemically verified point prevalence at T2 (see Table 3 , first column).

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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130724102602.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Latest+Science+News%29

10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028

Psychology_22

The study identified a significant association between corporal punishment during childhood and violence toward dating partners in adulthood.

Even after controlling for sex, ethnicity, age, parental education, and child physical abuse, childhood corporal punishment was associated significantly with physical dating violence perpetration (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.62).

About 19 percent said they had committed some form of dating violence and 69 percent said they were physically punished during childhood. The study identified a significant association between corporal punishment during childhood and violence toward dating partners in adulthood. Specifically, people who got spanked as kids had a 29 percent higher risk for perpetrating dating violence, the findings showed.

Analysis showed a significant positive association between corporal punishment and physical perpetration of dating violence (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07-1.59). Even after controlling for sex, ethnicity, age, parental education, and child physical abuse, childhood corporal punishment was associated significantly with physical dating violence perpetration (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.62). The finding that childhood corporal punishment was associated with perpetration of young adult physical dating violence, even after controlling for several demographic variables and childhood physical abuse, adds to the growing literature demonstrating deleterious outcomes associated with corporal punishment.

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http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32686504555&p=1pl&v=1&x=J_KXigEKTcXYUPzjI0fyuQ

10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028

Psychology_220

Differences in opinions on spanking also differ across ethnic groups and educational backgrounds.

Nineteen percent of participants (n = 134) reported physical perpetration of dating violence, and more than one-half (68%) reported experiencing corporal punishment as children (n = 498, mean = 1.07, SD = 0.96).

Although the research has some limitations that should caution our interpretation of the findings, the study adds to the substantial amount of research on the problems associated with using spanking as a discipline strategy. Differences in opinions on spanking also differ across ethnic groups and educational backgrounds. As a psychologist, I find this to be a frequent topic of conversation and debate with parents.

Participants were Hispanic (32.6%), white (28.8%), African American (26.0%), and other (12.7%). Nineteen percent of participants (n = 134) reported physical perpetration of dating violence, and more than one-half (68%) reported experiencing corporal punishment as children (n = 498, mean = 1.07, SD = 0.96). There was no significant association by sex (c 2 [3] = 3.52, P = .32), ethnicity (c 2 = 15.86, P =.07), or parental education (c 2 = 9.38, P = .40) differences in terms of corporal punishment (Table II) .

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http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32818256385&p=1pl&v=1&x=0ZAEkx105k29I5f3n6_nlQ

10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856

Psychology_221

That number is expected to rise to 131.5 million by 2050, the researchers estimate.

In summary, glaucoma, AMD, and DR are associated with increased AD risk, whereas cataract is not.

"What we found was not subtle," said Paul Crane, a professor of medicine at the university. "This study solidifies that there are mechanistic things we can learn from the brain by looking at the eye." That number is expected to rise to 131.5 million by 2050, the researchers estimate.

Finally, our study only evaluated the temporal sequence that starts with ophthalmic conditions followed by AD and not vice-versa thus we are unable to assess whether increased risk for ophthalmic conditions may exist in individuals with AD. In summary, glaucoma, AMD, and DR are associated with increased AD risk, whereas cataract is not. Subsequent studies of ophthalmic diseases in relation to AD and dementia may provide important insights into shared pathological pathways, thus enabling better techniques to prevent and treat.

[1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34792864437&p=1pl&v=1&x=POVsoSxsrI9yWH7psyoAxQ

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941

Psychology_222

Specifically targeting this part of the brain with treatments, the study authors say, could lead to some major progress being made.

Much smaller associations were found in the reverse direction; that is, the associations of sleep quality with depressive problems mediated by these links were less significant.

Getting to the bottom of exactly what's going on will require more research, but one of the more promising avenues to explore is the role of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Specifically targeting this part of the brain with treatments, the study authors say, could lead to some major progress being made. In this particular case, the researchers say, scientists might be able to discover ways of helping those experiencing problems with depression to get a better night's rest.

Further, a mediation analysis showed that the functional connectivity links between the brain areas identified played a significant role in the association of depressive problems with poor sleep quality. Much smaller associations were found in the reverse direction; that is, the associations of sleep quality with depressive problems mediated by these links were less significant. These findings provides a neural basis for understanding how depression is associated with poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment because of the brain areas identified.

[1.0, 3.0, 2.0, 4.0, 1.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34644678837&p=1pl&v=1&x=NPMHP58RsDT7VzhGCx19YA

10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x

Psychology_223

"The fact that parental happiness increases before these children are born suggests that we are capturing broader issues relating to childbearing such as couples forming partnerships and making plans for the future.

A potentially important physiological factor may be the increased levels of the hormone oxytocin during pregnancy and after birth .

Mikko Myrskyla, professor of demography at LSE and Director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany, said: "Our results show a temporary and transitory gain in parents' happiness around the birth of first and second children. "The fact that parental happiness increases before these children are born suggests that we are capturing broader issues relating to childbearing such as couples forming partnerships and making plans for the future. "The arrival of a third child is not associated with an increase in the parents' happiness, but this is not to suggest they are any less loved than their older siblings.

These might explain why women anticipate a first birth more than men, with stronger happiness increases prior to and around the birth and a larger drop afterward. A potentially important physiological factor may be the increased levels of the hormone oxytocin during pregnancy and after birth . Qualitative information on work-family conflict, planning status of births, and instrumental support would be useful to further our understanding of the social mechanisms.

[3.0, 1.0, 3.0, 3.0]

Psychology

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news

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941

Psychology_224

The researchers conclude that increased functional connectivity among these brain regions provides a neural basis for how depression is related to poor sleep quality.

A link positively correlated with the Depressive Problems score indicates that the functional connectivity of that link is positively correlated with the Depressive Problems score.

The analysis showed that these functional connectivities underlie the relation between depressive problems and sleep quality. The researchers conclude that increased functional connectivity among these brain regions provides a neural basis for how depression is related to poor sleep quality. "This study may also have implications for a deeper understanding of depression," adds professor Edmund Rolls.

The amygdala is not included as a separate area in the Shen atlas, but does have FC related to sleep quality as shown here. A link positively correlated with the Depressive Problems score indicates that the functional connectivity of that link is positively correlated with the Depressive Problems score. The functional connectivities of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex areas (OFClat, OFClat2, and Frontal_Inf_Orb2) were especially related to depression, in that removing the 92 participants who had ever been diagnosed with depression (leaving the column headed 'Participants who had never been diagnosed with depression') decreased the absolute value of the correlations by 0.036, whereas this removal decreased the correlation for the other functional connectivity links by only 0.023 (p=0.053)

[1.0, 3.0, 3.0]

Psychology

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news

https://www.futurity.org/depression-sleep-problems-insomnia-1821432-2/

10.1177/0956797617692041

Psychology_225

Having to get refills did not seem to deter participants: People were just as likely to buy a large single serving as they were a somewhat smaller serving with refills.

For the large drink (the only size that the refill manipulation applied to), consumption differed by service style, F(2, 138) = 11.69, p < .001.

However, it did not affect the further downstream behavior of consumption. Having to get refills did not seem to deter participants: People were just as likely to buy a large single serving as they were a somewhat smaller serving with refills. Importantly, most of the people who chose to buy the drink with refills did end up getting a refill, and they tended to consume more overall: Participants consumed 44% more calories when they had a drink with refills than when they had a larger single drink.

Follow-up tests revealed that for the medium drink, consumption was similar across service styles, F(2, 197) = 1.07, p = .34. For the large drink (the only size that the refill manipulation applied to), consumption differed by service style, F(2, 138) = 11.69, p < .001. Specifically, the participants consumed 51.9% more calories in the waiterservice condition than in the typical-portion condition (waiter-service: M = 210.75 kcal, SD = 83.92; typical portion: M = 138.72 kcal, SD = 37.97), t(93) = 5.33, p < .001, d = 1.09.

[3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 2.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://healthmedicinet.com/news/some-strategies-to-limit-sugary-drinks-may-backfire/

10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856

Psychology_226

That's a correlation that's well worth investigating further.

Subsequent studies of ophthalmic diseases in relation to AD and dementia may provide important insights into shared pathological pathways, thus enabling better techniques to prevent and treat.

The new study took place across five years, covering 3,877 patients aged 65 and over, and found that those with specific degenerative eye diseases were 40-50 percent more likely to develop Alzheimer's too. That's a correlation that's well worth investigating further. "The main message from this study is that ophthalmologists should be more aware of the risks of developing dementia for people with these eye conditions, and primary care doctors seeing patients with these eye conditions might be more careful on checking on possible dementia or memory loss."

In summary, glaucoma, AMD, and DR are associated with increased AD risk, whereas cataract is not. Subsequent studies of ophthalmic diseases in relation to AD and dementia may provide important insights into shared pathological pathways, thus enabling better techniques to prevent and treat. Supplementary data related to this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856.

[4.0, 2.0, 2.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34771794923&p=1pl&v=1&x=Ca84A-gkCictgVqjQU3CrA

10.1111/cdep.12038

Psychology_227

In addition, children who are spanked are at significantly greater risk of being physically abused.

But there is a third reason not to spank our children, and that is a moral one.

In fact, children who are spanked tend to become more aggressive over time, not less. In addition, children who are spanked are at significantly greater risk of being physically abused. The mothers' average age was 34.

We thus have research-based and humanrights-based reasons for not spanking our children. But there is a third reason not to spank our children, and that is a moral one. By using the euphemistic term spanking, parents feel justified in hitting their children while not acknowledging that they are, in fact, hitting.

[3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.minnpost.com/second-opinion/2014/04/parents-often-spank-out-anger-and-trival-reasons-real-time-study-finds

10.1111/cdev.12250

Psychology_228

But over the course of the next two years, from the time they were age 13 to when they turned 15, these "cool" kids' social status drastically declined, as shown in the graph below: Allen et al.

Third, "popularity" is now recognized as potentially referring to both preference-based measures (i.e., who do teens prefer as associates) and statusbased measures (i.e., who do teens perceive as being "popular").

In other words, their peers were more likely to say that they saw them as "mature" with "high social status" and therefore a "desirable companion" to spend time with. But over the course of the next two years, from the time they were age 13 to when they turned 15, these "cool" kids' social status drastically declined, as shown in the graph below: Allen et al. By the time these "cool" kids turned 23, many of them were having problems with criminal behavior and alcohol and marijuana use -- significantly more than the other subjects in the study, who were not ranked in the "cool" category at the study's onset.

This fact, plus the lack of consistent links between pubertal timing and delinquent and romantic behavior in the existing literature, suggests that prior differences in pubertal timing are unlikely to account for the findings observed. Third, "popularity" is now recognized as potentially referring to both preference-based measures (i.e., who do teens prefer as associates) and statusbased measures (i.e., who do teens perceive as being "popular"). The sociometric measure used in this study was a preference-based measure, although in some respects a status-based measure might have more precisely captured the desire of teens to be and appear "cool" among peers.

[3.0, 2.0, 2.0]

Psychology

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news

http://www.businessinsider.com/kids-who-were-cool-at-13-are-not-at-age-23-2015-7

10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y

Psychology_229

The researchers say another highlight of their work is finding that naps do contribute to emotion processing in preschool children, which is consistent with parents' and early childhood teachers' observations, though this benefit in emotional memory is delayed, say Spencer and colleagues.

However, when memory was probed again following overnight sleep, the change in memory accuracy was greater if the child napped the previous day.

This supports an interplay between the nap and subsequent overnight sleep in the consolidation of memories in young children." The researchers say another highlight of their work is finding that naps do contribute to emotion processing in preschool children, which is consistent with parents' and early childhood teachers' observations, though this benefit in emotional memory is delayed, say Spencer and colleagues. This delay may reflect "short-term destabilization of an enriched memory," they add.

Change in memory accuracy also did not differ when probed after a nap compared to the change in memory accuracy after an interval awake. However, when memory was probed again following overnight sleep, the change in memory accuracy was greater if the child napped the previous day. Greater nap slow wave activity was associated with greater memory decay during the nap.

[5.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw

10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028

Psychology_23

The study identified a significant association between corporal punishment during childhood and violence toward dating partners in adulthood.

Analysis showed a significant positive association between corporal punishment and physical perpetration of dating violence (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07-1.59).

About 19 percent said they had committed some form of dating violence and 69 percent said they were physically punished during childhood. The study identified a significant association between corporal punishment during childhood and violence toward dating partners in adulthood. Specifically, people who got spanked as kids had a 29 percent higher risk for perpetrating dating violence, the findings showed.

Results In all, 19% of participants (n = 134) reported physical dating violence perpetration and 68% reported experiencing corporal punishment as children (n = 498). Analysis showed a significant positive association between corporal punishment and physical perpetration of dating violence (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07-1.59). Even after controlling for sex, ethnicity, age, parental education, and child physical abuse, childhood corporal punishment was associated significantly with physical dating violence perpetration (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.62).

[5.0, 5.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32686504555&p=1pl&v=1&x=J_KXigEKTcXYUPzjI0fyuQ

10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y

Psychology_230

This supports an interplay between the nap and subsequent overnight sleep in the consolidation of memories in young children."

Given that ΔRecall nap significantly predicted ΔRecall overnight , and both significantly predicted by nap SWA, the preliminary conditions for a mediation analysis were met.

A significant benefit of napping was observed only when changes across the entire 24-hour period were considered. This supports an interplay between the nap and subsequent overnight sleep in the consolidation of memories in young children." The researchers say another highlight of their work is finding that naps do contribute to emotion processing in preschool children, which is consistent with parents' and early childhood teachers' observations, though this benefit in emotional memory is delayed, say Spencer and colleagues.

In other words, overnight SWS predicted improved memory performance when a nap rich in SWA had occurred earlier in the day. Given that ΔRecall nap significantly predicted ΔRecall overnight , and both significantly predicted by nap SWA, the preliminary conditions for a mediation analysis were met. When nap SWA was controlled for, the standardized regression coefficient for the relationship between ΔRecall nap and ΔRecall overnight was reduced from B = −0.488, (p = 0.029) to B = −0.364 (p = 0.182).

[4.0, 3.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw

10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x

Psychology_231

The happiness level of parents varied among different ages.

However, when the question is how children influence parental well-being, it is important to analyze individual changes over time instead of only comparing parents with the childless.

On the third child, parents inadvertently switched back to their "pre-child happiness level," according to LSE. The happiness level of parents varied among different ages. Those aged 35 to 49 experienced the highest level of happiness, while those between age 18 and 22 reported a decline in their happiness.

These results provide a new way of understanding the theories of fertility decline by showing that the fertility behavior that emerged during the second demographic transition would have been largely predicted by parents' subjective well-being response to childbearing. However, when the question is how children influence parental well-being, it is important to analyze individual changes over time instead of only comparing parents with the childless. Otherwise, the analyses may be biased by genetic factors, personality, or other unobserved or difficult-to-measure fixed characteristics, such as orientation toward career versus family, which may be associated with both fertility behavior and subjective wellbeing .

[1.0, 4.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.hngn.com/articles/47780/20141031/births-of-first-and-second-child-bring-parents-more-happiness-than-the-third-but-why.htm

10.1177/0141076814565942

Psychology_232

The researchers noted they also made an unexpected observation of an increased risk of hyperactivity disorder among circumcised boys in non-Muslim families.

and describe feelings, and our findings suggest that circumcision may somehow trigger the development of ASD in a small fraction of young boys.

The study's findings showed that, regardless of cultural background, circumcised boys may run a greater risk of developing ASD. The researchers noted they also made an unexpected observation of an increased risk of hyperactivity disorder among circumcised boys in non-Muslim families. While it is unacceptable today to circumcise boys without proper pain relief, there is no way to eliminate the pain completely, the researchers said, adding that some boys will endure a lot of pain.

Reassuringly, 6 out of 99 ASD diagnoses (97%) in children born 1990-1999 and recorded in the Danish Psychiatric Central Register, the source of psychiatric data in the National Patient Register, were confirmed upon medical chart review. and describe feelings, and our findings suggest that circumcision may somehow trigger the development of ASD in a small fraction of young boys. These findings obviously do not prove the suggested associations.

[4.0, 2.0, 5.0, 3.0]

Psychology

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news

http://psychcentral.com/news/2015/01/10/circumcision-linked-to-increased-risk-of-autism/79714.html

10.1073/pnas.1505114112

Psychology_233

But perhaps the best benefit to musical training, Kraus found, was that the developmental outcomes strengthened the brain well enough to stall cognitive decline later in life.

Consistent with the known developmental trajectory of the cortical onset response, there was an increase in the difference between N1 and P1 from year 1 to year 4 for the music group [t(16) = 2.22, P = 0.041, partial eta squared = 0.24].

The findings have important implications for teens in low-income neighborhoods, as their language development is often below that of their wealthier counterparts. But perhaps the best benefit to musical training, Kraus found, was that the developmental outcomes strengthened the brain well enough to stall cognitive decline later in life. Source: Tierney A, Krizman J, Kraus N. Music training alters the course of adolescent auditory development.

Although the two groups did not differ at year 1 (P > 0.2), in year 4, the music training group had higher response consistency than the JROTC group [t(36) = 2.62, P = 0.013, partial eta squared = 0.16]. Consistent with the known developmental trajectory of the cortical onset response, there was an increase in the difference between N1 and P1 from year 1 to year 4 for the music group [t(16) = 2.22, P = 0.041, partial eta squared = 0.24]. The relationship between N1 and P1, however, did not change for the JROTC group [P > 0.1, year-by-training group interaction, F(1,34) = 6.41, P = 0.016, partial eta squared = 0.159] (Fig.

[2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 3.0]

Psychology

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news

http://www.medicaldaily.com/taking-music-class-high-school-improves-teen-language-skills-may-boost-academic-344674

10.1111/cdev.12250

Psychology_235

At the onset of the study, about 20% of the subjects were considered "cool."

Third, "popularity" is now recognized as potentially referring to both preference-based measures (i.e., who do teens prefer as associates) and statusbased measures (i.e., who do teens perceive as being "popular").

Similarly, the average family range of annual income was just under $52,000 in 2013. At the onset of the study, about 20% of the subjects were considered "cool." In other words, their peers were more likely to say that they saw them as "mature" with "high social status" and therefore a "desirable companion" to spend time with.

This fact, plus the lack of consistent links between pubertal timing and delinquent and romantic behavior in the existing literature, suggests that prior differences in pubertal timing are unlikely to account for the findings observed. Third, "popularity" is now recognized as potentially referring to both preference-based measures (i.e., who do teens prefer as associates) and statusbased measures (i.e., who do teens perceive as being "popular"). The sociometric measure used in this study was a preference-based measure, although in some respects a status-based measure might have more precisely captured the desire of teens to be and appear "cool" among peers.

[3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 5.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.businessinsider.com/kids-who-were-cool-at-13-are-not-at-age-23-2015-7

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941

Psychology_236

Jianfeng Feng and Edmund Rolls, who headed up the study, stressed the significance of their conclusions to Sleep Review, with Rolls stating that the results are likely to have "implications for a deeper understanding of depression," as the evidence highlights "a key brain area that might be targeted in the search for treatments."

We note that the causal relations between sleep and depression is an important topic that deserves much further investigation.

The crossover here goes some way to proving that sleep and depression are affected by similar parts of our brains a and suggests it is this link that causes us to feel down and more susceptible to mental health problems when we suffer from a lack of sleep. Jianfeng Feng and Edmund Rolls, who headed up the study, stressed the significance of their conclusions to Sleep Review, with Rolls stating that the results are likely to have "implications for a deeper understanding of depression," as the evidence highlights "a key brain area that might be targeted in the search for treatments." So, whatever it is you're going through, remember you're not alone.

Indeed, we note that poor sleep quality also may have an effect on depression, as shown by the mediation analysis. We note that the causal relations between sleep and depression is an important topic that deserves much further investigation. Although previous studies have found changes in patients with depression in some of the regions of interest identified in this study, including the precuneus and angular gyrus, 43 this is to our knowledge the first study to examine the neural mechanisms underlying the associations of depressive problems with sleep quality and to associate sleep quality with functional connectivity in a large sample of participants.

[3.0, 3.0, 1.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34713841918&p=1pl&v=1&x=L0FHu5xHlNT03mTOI2nB8Q

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941

Psychology_237

The crossover here goes some way to proving that sleep and depression are affected by similar parts of our brains a and suggests it is this link that causes us to feel down and more susceptible to mental health problems when we suffer from a lack of sleep.

This cross-validation analysis thus provides evidence that the sleep-related links described here can be confirmed with an independent dataset.

Results showed that 162 functional connectivity links in the brain were connected with our ability (or lack of) to get some shut-eye; of these, 39 were also linked to depressive problems a such as low self-esteem, low mood, and a lack of motivation. The crossover here goes some way to proving that sleep and depression are affected by similar parts of our brains a and suggests it is this link that causes us to feel down and more susceptible to mental health problems when we suffer from a lack of sleep. Jianfeng Feng and Edmund Rolls, who headed up the study, stressed the significance of their conclusions to Sleep Review, with Rolls stating that the results are likely to have "implications for a deeper understanding of depression," as the evidence highlights "a key brain area that might be targeted in the search for treatments."

Further, we found that 89 out of the 162 significant links were also significant after FDR correction (p<0.05) in the Biobank dataset. This cross-validation analysis thus provides evidence that the sleep-related links described here can be confirmed with an independent dataset. The mean strength of the 39 significant functional connectivities shown in Fig.

[2.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 2.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34713841918&p=1pl&v=1&x=L0FHu5xHlNT03mTOI2nB8Q

10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x

Psychology_238

"The arrival of a third child is not associated with an increase in the parents' happiness, but this is not to suggest they are any less loved than their older siblings.

This pattern is consistent with the fertility behavior that emerged during the second demographic transition and provides new insights into low and late fertility.

There was a 50 percent decrease in happiness during the birth of a second child, followed by a total slump by the time the third child is born. "The arrival of a third child is not associated with an increase in the parents' happiness, but this is not to suggest they are any less loved than their older siblings. Instead, this may reflect that the experience of parenthood is less novel and exciting by the time the third child is born or that a larger family puts extra pressure on the parents' resources.

The results, which are similar in Britain and Germany, suggest that having up to two children increases happiness, and mostly for those who have postponed childbearing. This pattern is consistent with the fertility behavior that emerged during the second demographic transition and provides new insights into low and late fertility. Beyond the individual, social learning about the parental well-being trajectories of others may influence the quantum and tempo of fertility.

[3.0, 3.0, 1.0, 1.0]

Psychology

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news

http://www.hngn.com/articles/47780/20141031/births-of-first-and-second-child-bring-parents-more-happiness-than-the-third-but-why.htm

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_239

While the advertising industry has been reluctant to tout its use of targeted ads because of privacy concerns, this research suggests there may be benefits for companies that indicate to consumers that they are sending ads meant specifically for them.

Finally, we suggest that the adjustments to self-perceptions produced by behaviorally targeted ads may not only improve sales of the featured product at the time of ad exposure, but also future sales of the product and, potentially, of the entire category.

"The ad has to be plausible to the consumer for it have any effect," Reczek said. While the advertising industry has been reluctant to tout its use of targeted ads because of privacy concerns, this research suggests there may be benefits for companies that indicate to consumers that they are sending ads meant specifically for them. "If you're a person who goes out hiking occasionally and you see a behaviorally targeted ad for hiking boots that suggests you're rugged and outdoorsy, our results suggest you will feel more outdoorsy and then be more likely to buy that product," Reczek said.

This is likely easier to accomplish for lifestyle brands and brands with strong personalities . Finally, we suggest that the adjustments to self-perceptions produced by behaviorally targeted ads may not only improve sales of the featured product at the time of ad exposure, but also future sales of the product and, potentially, of the entire category. Specifically, when consumers accept the label they infer from a behaviorally targeted ad, the extent to which they use these self-perceptions as a basis for making a purchase decision increases.

[3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941

Psychology_24

The researchers conclude that increased functional connectivity among these brain regions provides a neural basis for how depression is related to poor sleep quality.

The brain areas with increased functional connectivity associated with both sleep and Depressive Problems scores included the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, temporal cortex, and precuneus.

The analysis showed that these functional connectivities underlie the relation between depressive problems and sleep quality. The researchers conclude that increased functional connectivity among these brain regions provides a neural basis for how depression is related to poor sleep quality. "This study may also have implications for a deeper understanding of depression," adds professor Edmund Rolls.

Of these links, 39 were also associated with the Depressive Problems scores. The brain areas with increased functional connectivity associated with both sleep and Depressive Problems scores included the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, temporal cortex, and precuneus. A mediation analysis showed that these functional connectivities underlie the association of the Depressive Problems score with poor sleep quality (β = 0.0139; P < .001).

[4.0, 5.0, 1.0, 3.0, 2.0]

Psychology

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news

https://www.futurity.org/depression-sleep-problems-insomnia-1821432-2/

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_240

"If people don't see the trait implied by an ad as negative, our research suggests that they would see themselves as having the trait to a greater extent," she says.

We propose that the effects of a social label implied by a behaviorally targeted ad are akin to informing a consumer of their revealed preferences (based on past choices that are affected by the external environment), and those of identity priming are akin to reminding a consumer of their stated preferences (generated from accessing internal information).

Based on Reczek's findings, these sorts of ads could strengthen that young person's perception of themselves as a certain kind of gun owner. "If people don't see the trait implied by an ad as negative, our research suggests that they would see themselves as having the trait to a greater extent," she says. If online advertisements have the power to reshape a person's image of themselves, as that last Ohio State study suggests, it may be time to stop thinking about the internet as something people use, and start thinking of it as a new environment in which human beings exist and adapt, for better or worse.

The notion of revealed preferences parallels that of constructed preferences, which are constructed on the fly as a result of the interaction between the (internal) properties of the human decision making system and the (external) properties of the environment in which a decision is made . We propose that the effects of a social label implied by a behaviorally targeted ad are akin to informing a consumer of their revealed preferences (based on past choices that are affected by the external environment), and those of identity priming are akin to reminding a consumer of their stated preferences (generated from accessing internal information). Consumers therefore receive information about what others (i.e., the marketer) think about them (based on observing their choices and other past behavior) when they receive a behaviorally targeted ad, a process distinct from making an identity salient because it involves an external indication that one has a trait or set of traits.

[4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 1.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=40338498080&p=1pl&v=1&x=V53CkzJkG1_9kTNpbGkVtQ

10.1073/pnas.1505114112

Psychology_241

The gains were seen during group music classes included in the schools' curriculum, suggesting in-school training accelerates neurodevelopment.

The two training groups did not differ on rapid naming score at year 1 (P > 0.2).

The findings suggest that music instruction helps enhance skills that are critical for academic success. The gains were seen during group music classes included in the schools' curriculum, suggesting in-school training accelerates neurodevelopment. "While music programs are often the first to be cut when the school budget is tight, these results highlight music's place in the high school curriculum," says Nina Kraus, senior study author and director of the Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory at Northwestern University.

3 ) and no main effects (P > 0.2). The two training groups did not differ on rapid naming score at year 1 (P > 0.2). Although adolescents undergoing JROTC training exhibited the typical waning of the consistency of the subcortical response to speech , music training maintained high response consistency throughout high school.

[1.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0]

Psychology

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news

http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/1677179-band-class-helps-teens-learn-how-learn/

10.1111/cdev.12370

Psychology_242

"These results show that teens can use self-distancing strategies in much the same way as adults," White notes.

Future research is needed to explore the association between self-distancing and other negative emotions in adolescence.

Older youth who self-distanced became even less upset than younger adolescents who did so. "These results show that teens can use self-distancing strategies in much the same way as adults," White notes. "They also suggest that the teen years could be critical in developing this way to regulate emotions."

Importantly, our data suggest that even without forgiveness, placing less blame on others can be adaptive. Future research is needed to explore the association between self-distancing and other negative emotions in adolescence. Given the increasing prevalence of psychopathology across adolescence (e.g., , it will be important to evaluate the role of psychological distancing on emotion regulation in clinical populations.

[3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150415092801.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ftop_news+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Top+News%29

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_243

"The ad has to be plausible to the consumer for it have any effect," Reczek said.

The implications may be broader, however, because receipt of the ad can imply that one is viewed as a specific type of person.

One key qualification: The information the behaviorally targeted ad conveys about the consumer must be accurate. "The ad has to be plausible to the consumer for it have any effect," Reczek said. While the advertising industry has been reluctant to tout its use of targeted ads because of privacy concerns, this research suggests there may be benefits for companies that indicate to consumers that they are sending ads meant specifically for them.

Most directly, receipt of the ad signifies that one is expected to like the featured product. The implications may be broader, however, because receipt of the ad can imply that one is viewed as a specific type of person. When one recognizes an external characterization of one's identity in this way, we predict that consumers adjust both their self-perceptions and behavior to be consistent with the implied label.

[2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 2.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/

10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y

Psychology_244

However, when memory was tested again following overnight sleep, the change in memory accuracy was greater if the child had napped the previous day.

Notably, here too with emotional memories, we found a significant association between ΔRecall nap and ΔRecall overnight such that declines in accuracy across the nap were associated with improvements across overnight sleep (B = −0.488, p = 0.029; 95% CI: [−1.294, −0.079]; Fig.

Change in memory accuracy also did not differ when tested after a nap compared to the change in memory accuracy after an interval awake, they report. However, when memory was tested again following overnight sleep, the change in memory accuracy was greater if the child had napped the previous day. Further, Spencer and colleagues report, greater nap slow wave activity was associated with greater memory decay during the nap.

In that study, ΔRecall nap predicted ΔRecall overnight , suggesting an interaction of multiple sleep bouts on memory processing. Notably, here too with emotional memories, we found a significant association between ΔRecall nap and ΔRecall overnight such that declines in accuracy across the nap were associated with improvements across overnight sleep (B = −0.488, p = 0.029; 95% CI: [−1.294, −0.079]; Fig. We did not receive caregiver reports for 9 of the children.

[4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 2.0, 4.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941

Psychology_246

"These findings provide a neural basis for understanding how depression relates to poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment of depression and improvement of sleep quality because of the brain areas identified."

These findings provides a neural basis for understanding how depression is associated with poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment because of the brain areas identified.

An analysis of the records of 9,735 people living with depressive problems found that there was increased activity between these brain regions in people who also reported disrupted sleep patterns, and that's a crucial discovery in our understanding of these conditions. "These findings provide a neural basis for understanding how depression relates to poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment of depression and improvement of sleep quality because of the brain areas identified." From the other side, people with insomnia also have a higher risk of depression and anxiety.

Much smaller associations were found in the reverse direction; that is, the associations of sleep quality with depressive problems mediated by these links were less significant. These findings provides a neural basis for understanding how depression is associated with poor sleep quality, and this in turn has implications for treatment because of the brain areas identified. Areas in which functional connectivity was associated with depressive problems and their effects on sleep quality included the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, precuneus, and angular gyrus.

[4.0, 5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 5.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34644678837&p=1pl&v=1&x=NPMHP58RsDT7VzhGCx19YA

10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x

Psychology_247

Compared to men, women gain more in happiness in expectation of, and right after, the birth of a child.

A potentially important physiological factor may be the increased levels of the hormone oxytocin during pregnancy and after birth .

Also, the likelihood of a pregnancy being unplanned may increase with the number of children a woman already has -- and this brings its own stresses." Compared to men, women gain more in happiness in expectation of, and right after, the birth of a child. Women also have steeper drops in their happiness than men between the year of the birth and the year afterward, possibly because of the larger initial gain.

These might explain why women anticipate a first birth more than men, with stronger happiness increases prior to and around the birth and a larger drop afterward. A potentially important physiological factor may be the increased levels of the hormone oxytocin during pregnancy and after birth . Qualitative information on work-family conflict, planning status of births, and instrumental support would be useful to further our understanding of the social mechanisms.

[3.0, 2.0, 5.0, 4.0, 4.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29

10.1111/lcrp.12013

Psychology_248

Although closing your eyes to remember seems to work whether or not rapport has been built beforehand, our results show that building rapport makes witnesses more at ease with closing their eyes.

, it is perhaps not surprising that eye-closure was particularly effective during the second session.

"It is clear from our research that closing the eyes and building rapport help with witness recall. Although closing your eyes to remember seems to work whether or not rapport has been built beforehand, our results show that building rapport makes witnesses more at ease with closing their eyes. That in itself is vital if we are to encourage witnesses to use this helpful technique during interviews," said Dr. Robert Nash, lead author of the study.

In light of participants' decreased recall performance after the intervening 1-week delay (cf. , it is perhaps not surprising that eye-closure was particularly effective during the second session. Nevertheless, we did not anticipate a null effect of eye-closure during the first free-recall attempt.

[3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.techtimes.com/articles/27033/20150118/close-your-eyes-for-better-memory-recall.htm

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941

Psychology_25

The analysis showed that these functional connectivities underlie the relation between depressive problems and sleep quality.

A mediation analysis showed that these functional connectivities underlie the association of the Depressive Problems score with poor sleep quality (β = 0.0139; P < .001).

In the brains of those living with depressive problems, they discovered a strong connection between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (associated with short-term memory), the precuneus (associated with the self), and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (associated with negative emotion). The analysis showed that these functional connectivities underlie the relation between depressive problems and sleep quality. The researchers conclude that increased functional connectivity among these brain regions provides a neural basis for how depression is related to poor sleep quality.

The brain areas with increased functional connectivity associated with both sleep and Depressive Problems scores included the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala, temporal cortex, and precuneus. A mediation analysis showed that these functional connectivities underlie the association of the Depressive Problems score with poor sleep quality (β = 0.0139; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The implication of these findings is that the increased functional connectivity between these brain regions provides a neural basis for the association between depression and poor sleep quality.

[5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

https://www.futurity.org/depression-sleep-problems-insomnia-1821432-2/

10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x

Psychology_250

Older parents have better financial and education status than younger parents and are also less stressed after the birth of their children.

Similarly, given that we find no positive gain in subjective well-being for third births, the documented differences by parity may help explain the low quantum of fertility.

Study co-author Rachel Margolis implied that their findings could explain why most people are delaying fertility. Older parents have better financial and education status than younger parents and are also less stressed after the birth of their children. Younger parents, on the other hand, are more prone to post-birth depression.

The fact that among older and better-educated parents, well-being increases with childbearing, but that young and less-educated parents have flat or even downward happiness trajectories, may explain why postponing fertility has become so common. Similarly, given that we find no positive gain in subjective well-being for third births, the documented differences by parity may help explain the low quantum of fertility. These results provide a new way of understanding the theories of fertility decline by showing that the fertility behavior that emerged during the second demographic transition would have been largely predicted by parents' subjective well-being response to childbearing.

[1.0, 5.0, 1.0, 1.0, 4.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.hngn.com/articles/47780/20141031/births-of-first-and-second-child-bring-parents-more-happiness-than-the-third-but-why.htm

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941

Psychology_251

The researchers found functional connectivity between the areas of the brain associated with short-term memory, self, and negative emotions, which cause sufferers to dwell on bad thoughts and lead to a poor quality of sleep.

IMPORTANCE Depression is associated with poor sleep quality.

The researchers found functional connectivity between the areas of the brain associated with short-term memory, self, and negative emotions, which cause sufferers to dwell on bad thoughts and lead to a poor quality of sleep. This research could lead to better sleep quality for people with depression, and opens up the possibility of new targeted treatments. In the brains of those living with depressive problems, they discovered a strong connection between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (associated with short-term memory), the precuneus (associated with the self), and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (associated with negative emotion).

IMPORTANCE Depression is associated with poor sleep quality. Understanding the neural connectivity that underlies both conditions and mediates the association between them is likely to lead to better-directed treatments for depression and associated sleep problems. The Depressive Problems score was positively correlated with poor sleep quality (r = 0.371; P < .001).

[3.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

https://www.futurity.org/depression-sleep-problems-insomnia-1821432-2/

10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.2856

Psychology_252

"What we found was not subtle," said Dr. Paul Crane, professor of medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, at the UW School of Medicine.

Several factors suggest the effects we found are specific to these ophthalmic conditions and not merely agerelated phenomena.

Cataract diagnosis was not an Alzheimer's disease risk factor. "What we found was not subtle," said Dr. Paul Crane, professor of medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, at the UW School of Medicine. "This study solidifies that there are mechanistic things we can learn from the brain by looking at the eye."

First, it may seem tempting to dismiss these findings as age-related phenomena. Several factors suggest the effects we found are specific to these ophthalmic conditions and not merely agerelated phenomena. Our specific findings also mitigate the possibility that they merely reflect age-related phenomena.

[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34765487148&p=1pl&v=1&x=ufEabPDBICA34OF2ZCudfA

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3514

Psychology_253

The research shows that this dysfunction can predict suicidal behaviour, and offers new prospects for treatment and suicide prevention.

Individuals who reported PEs had a 4.39-fold (95% CI, 1.63-11.78) increased odds of suicide death (Figure 2 ).

The research shows that this dysfunction can predict suicidal behaviour, and offers new prospects for treatment and suicide prevention. Such episodes are not necessarily associated with psychotic illnesses or depression and can occur in people who do not experience mental illness, according to the study. Dr Ian Kelleher, RCSI Psychiatry Research Lecturer and study lead, commented: "Our research shows that if we can understand and treat the factors associated with these perceptual abnormalities, we could prevent at least a quarter of suicide attempts and deaths.

Individuals who reported PEs had a 3.15-fold (95% CI, 2.23-4.45) increased odds of suicide attempt. Individuals who reported PEs had a 4.39-fold (95% CI, 1.63-11.78) increased odds of suicide death (Figure 2 ). The population-attributable fraction of PEs for suicidal ideation was 11.9%.

[5.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=37828547572&p=1pl&v=1&x=0DCeKj2mrndVr_6QSdn9XA

10.1111/cdev.12250

Psychology_255

Teens who become popular simply by hanging out with pretty people probably don't work as hard to develop meaningful relationships, according to the study.

One potential explanation for these findings is provided by cumulative continuity theory .

"These previously cool teens appeared less competent -- socially and otherwise -- than their less cool peers by the time they reached young adulthood," Allen said. Teens who become popular simply by hanging out with pretty people probably don't work as hard to develop meaningful relationships, according to the study. One thing to note is that this was a relatively small study.

In terms of competence with peers, pseudomature behavior in early adolescence predicted not only declining popularity with peers across adolescence but also lower levels of peer competence, as rated by peers, in early adulthood. One potential explanation for these findings is provided by cumulative continuity theory . This theory suggests that efforts to attain status with peers via superficial, pseudomature behaviors might lead to future difficulties because these pseudomature behaviors replace efforts to develop positive social skills and meaningful friendships and thus leave teens less developmentally mature and socially competent over time.

[2.0, 4.0, 1.0, 1.0, 4.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.businessinsider.com/being-popular-in-high-school-leads-to-problems-in-adulthood-2014-6

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_256

One key qualification: The information the behaviorally targeted ad conveys about the consumer must be accurate.

When their past behavior is not at all indicative of the label (i.e., the behavioral targeting is inaccurate), consumers do not treat the implied label as a valid source of self-information and do not alter their self-perceptions to be consistent with the label.

For example, in one experiment, participants who received a behaviorally targeted ad for an environmentally friendly product were more likely than others to donate to an environmental cause later because they saw themselves as being more "green" as a result of receiving the ad. One key qualification: The information the behaviorally targeted ad conveys about the consumer must be accurate. "The ad has to be plausible to the consumer for it have any effect," Reczek said.

Importantly, however, we find that adjustments in consumer self-perceptions in response to behaviorally targeted advertisements depend on the plausibility of the connection between the label and past behavior. When their past behavior is not at all indicative of the label (i.e., the behavioral targeting is inaccurate), consumers do not treat the implied label as a valid source of self-information and do not alter their self-perceptions to be consistent with the label. Our findings offer several important theoretical contributions.

[4.0, 2.0, 3.0]

Psychology

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news

http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/

10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028

Psychology_257

Lead study researcher Jeff Temple PhD, an associate professor at the University of Texas who specializes in dating violence, told Newsweek that one unit increase in corporal punished was associated with a 29 percent increase in perpetrating dating violence.

Attaining a better understanding of antecedents of dating violence is critical for preventive strategies seeking to mitigate dating violence among youth.

There was a positive relationship between corporal punishment and physical violence during a romantic relationship. Lead study researcher Jeff Temple PhD, an associate professor at the University of Texas who specializes in dating violence, told Newsweek that one unit increase in corporal punished was associated with a 29 percent increase in perpetrating dating violence. These results remained even when the team accounted for the number of children who experienced child abuse, which is described as any form of punishment that is inappropriate or causes series injury.

(J Pediatr 2018;194:233-7). Attaining a better understanding of antecedents of dating violence is critical for preventive strategies seeking to mitigate dating violence among youth. 9 These factors cut across various domains including affective (eg, emotion dysregulation, psychiatric disorder), cognitive (eg, attitudes toward women, beliefs about violence), demographic (eg, age, race, sex, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status), interpersonal (eg, relationship satisfaction, problem solving skills), contextual (eg, availability of weapon, drug/alcohol use), as well as distal factors (eg, history of child abuse, exposure to family violence).

[5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 1.0, 2.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32698329640&p=1pl&v=1&x=pR-rCOq5zncqbaREgJOeFg

10.1111/cdep.12038

Psychology_258

Given the wide acceptance of parental corporal punishment in the United States, it seems important to highlight these findings again.

Rather, spanking predicted increases in children's aggression over and above initial levels.

If these findings sound familiar, it's because Holden collected the data for this study a couple of years ago and publicly reported on them at that time. Given the wide acceptance of parental corporal punishment in the United States, it seems important to highlight these findings again. Overwhelming evidence It's actually quite stunning that any parent today would use corporal punishment when the evidence overwhelmingly shows that this form of discipline is harmful, not helpful, to a child's development.

In these studies, although children's aggressive behavior often elicited more spanking over time, this effect did not entirely explain the association between spanking and children's aggression. Rather, spanking predicted increases in children's aggression over and above initial levels. Spanking consistently predicted increases in children's aggression over time, regardless of how aggressive children were when the spanking occurred.

[1.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]

Psychology

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news

http://www.minnpost.com/second-opinion/2014/04/parents-often-spank-out-anger-and-trival-reasons-real-time-study-finds

10.1111/cdev.12250

Psychology_259

The teens' "pseudomature behavior," as the researchers call it, "predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior," the study said.

For parents and others working with adolescents, the critical point is not that the pseudomature behaviors observed are fundamentally pathological-to the contrary, romantic involvement becomes normative and healthy later in adolescence, and most adolescents engage in at least some degree of minor delinquent behavior.

For these teens, being popular was their highest goal, Allen said. According the study, by the time they reached the age of 22, the once-popular teens were perceived as less competent, and were more likely to have problems with drugs and alcohol. The teens' "pseudomature behavior," as the researchers call it, "predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior," the study said.

This research has found that sexual behavior that occurs in late adolescence reflects biological and psychosocial maturity and is distinguishable from earlier sexual activity that appears driven by less adaptive processes and that is associated with less adaptive outcomes (ZimmerGembeck & Helfand, 2008) . For parents and others working with adolescents, the critical point is not that the pseudomature behaviors observed are fundamentally pathological-to the contrary, romantic involvement becomes normative and healthy later in adolescence, and most adolescents engage in at least some degree of minor delinquent behavior. Rather, it is that engaging in these behaviors very early in adolescence, and as an apparent means of seeking peer status, is a significant marker of future risk.

[3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cool-kids-dont-stay-popular-forever/

10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941

Psychology_26

The researchers conclude that increased functional connectivity among these brain regions provides a neural basis for how depression is related to poor sleep quality.

Further, a mediation analysis showed that the functional connectivity links between the brain areas identified played a significant role in the association of depressive problems with poor sleep quality.

The analysis showed that these functional connectivities underlie the relation between depressive problems and sleep quality. The researchers conclude that increased functional connectivity among these brain regions provides a neural basis for how depression is related to poor sleep quality. "This study may also have implications for a deeper understanding of depression," adds professor Edmund Rolls.

The results show that both poor sleep quality and depressive problems are significantly positively correlated with functional connectivities involving the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex, and the precuneus. Further, a mediation analysis showed that the functional connectivity links between the brain areas identified played a significant role in the association of depressive problems with poor sleep quality. Much smaller associations were found in the reverse direction; that is, the associations of sleep quality with depressive problems mediated by these links were less significant.

[5.0, 5.0, 4.0, 4.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

https://www.futurity.org/depression-sleep-problems-insomnia-1821432-2/

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_260

"The ad has to be plausible to the consumer for it have any effect," Reczek said.

Specifically, we show that mere receipt of a behaviorally targeted ad can cause consumers to recognize that the marketer has labeled them as a particular type of consumer, even when the ad itself contains no descriptive information about the individual consumer.

One key qualification: The information the behaviorally targeted ad conveys about the consumer must be accurate. "The ad has to be plausible to the consumer for it have any effect," Reczek said. While the advertising industry has been reluctant to tout its use of targeted ads because of privacy concerns, this research suggests there may be benefits for companies that indicate to consumers that they are sending ads meant specifically for them.

In addition, our work contributes to the literature on social labeling by introducing a new type of implied social label. Specifically, we show that mere receipt of a behaviorally targeted ad can cause consumers to recognize that the marketer has labeled them as a particular type of consumer, even when the ad itself contains no descriptive information about the individual consumer. In doing so, we contribute to the literature by demonstrating that labels do not have to reference the consumer to have an effect (as has been shown in past research), but that consumers can be affected by implied labels supplied by external sources.

[4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/

10.1093/chemse/bjt066

Psychology_263

The result was that all participants rated the four odours more positively when they were presented with positive labels than when presented with negative labels.

Although labels appear to also influence intensity ratings and reaction times, this seems to be a more complex relationship that could be modulated by additional factors such as odor valence, label fit, and possibly the edibility attributed to an odor or a label.

When associated with a pleasant label, we enjoy the odour more than when it is presented with a negative label. The result was that all participants rated the four odours more positively when they were presented with positive labels than when presented with negative labels. Specifically, participants described the odours as pleasant and edible (even those associated with non-food items) when associated with positive labels.

In summary, odor labels affect pleasantness ratings and edibility perception. Although labels appear to also influence intensity ratings and reaction times, this seems to be a more complex relationship that could be modulated by additional factors such as odor valence, label fit, and possibly the edibility attributed to an odor or a label. Odors with different valences impact our mood and wellbeing in different ways.

[5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 3.0]

Psychology

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news

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140211084007.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29

10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x

Psychology_266

The pattern for second births is similar, although the increase in happiness before and around the birth is roughly half of that for first births.

In the FE model for the German data, we also observe an increase in happiness two to three years before the birth.

The pattern for second births is similar, although the increase in happiness before and around the birth is roughly half of that for first births. The increase in parental happiness surrounding the birth of a third child is negligible. Mikko Myrskyla, professor of demography at LSE and Director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, Germany, said: "Our results show a temporary and transitory gain in parents' happiness around the birth of first and second children.

The main difference between the OLS and the FE models is that the happiness increase in the years preceding birth and in the year of birth is somewhat stronger in the FE specification, and the decrease in post-birth decline is not quite as strong in the FE specification. In the FE model for the German data, we also observe an increase in happiness two to three years before the birth. Such anticipation effects are not surprising because the process of childbearing from planning to birth may take years.

[2.0, 4.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29

10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x

Psychology_267

Compared to men, women gain more in happiness in expectation of, and right after, the birth of a child.

Similarly, given that we find no positive gain in subjective well-being for third births, the documented differences by parity may help explain the low quantum of fertility.

Also, the likelihood of a pregnancy being unplanned may increase with the number of children a woman already has -- and this brings its own stresses." Compared to men, women gain more in happiness in expectation of, and right after, the birth of a child. Women also have steeper drops in their happiness than men between the year of the birth and the year afterward, possibly because of the larger initial gain.

The fact that among older and better-educated parents, well-being increases with childbearing, but that young and less-educated parents have flat or even downward happiness trajectories, may explain why postponing fertility has become so common. Similarly, given that we find no positive gain in subjective well-being for third births, the documented differences by parity may help explain the low quantum of fertility. These results provide a new way of understanding the theories of fertility decline by showing that the fertility behavior that emerged during the second demographic transition would have been largely predicted by parents' subjective well-being response to childbearing.

[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29

10.1111/cdev.12250

Psychology_27

The teens' "pseudomature behavior," as the researchers call it, "predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior," the study said.

Longitudinal results, however, supported the study's central hypothesis: Early adolescent pseudomature behavior predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior.

For these teens, being popular was their highest goal, Allen said. According the study, by the time they reached the age of 22, the once-popular teens were perceived as less competent, and were more likely to have problems with drugs and alcohol. The teens' "pseudomature behavior," as the researchers call it, "predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior," the study said.

Longitudinal results, however, supported the study's central hypothesis: Early adolescent pseudomature behavior predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior. In contrast, teens can also gain the appearance of maturity in more benign, if still immature, ways. Each of these behaviorsminor deviance, a focus on physical appearance in choosing friends, and precocious romantic activityis clearly distinct, yet each shares in common the potential to provide a veneer of maturity to the early adolescent seeking to enhance status with his or her peers.

[4.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0]

Psychology

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news

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cool-kids-dont-stay-popular-forever/

10.1073/pnas.1505114112

Psychology_271

These findings suggest that musical training could keep that window open longer.

We show that in-school music training changes the course of adolescent brain development.

At the end of 3 years, those students who had played instruments were better at detecting speech sounds, like syllables and words that rhyme, than their JROTC peers, the team reports online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. These findings suggest that musical training could keep that window open longer. But the benefits of music aren't just for musicians; taking up piano could be the difference between an A and a B in Spanish class.

Moreover, given that the cortical N1 onset response emerges during adolescence while the P1 response declines , and that We show that in-school music training changes the course of adolescent brain development. Relative to an active control group that shows the expected wane in subcortical response consistency, adolescents undertaking in-school music training maintained heightened neural consistency throughout high school.

[3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 2.0, 5.0]

Psychology

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news

http://news.sciencemag.org/brain-behavior/2015/07/benefits-band-class

10.1038/s41598-017-03627-7

Psychology_272

"It could be that touch is a tool for communicating empathy, resulting in an analgesic, or pain-killing, effect," said Goldstein.

It was demonstrated that warm touch can increase the levels of plasma oxytocin, and reduce stress 78 and depression 79 .

The more physiologically synchronized they were, the less pain she felt. "It could be that touch is a tool for communicating empathy, resulting in an analgesic, or pain-killing, effect," said Goldstein. Further research is necessary to figure out precisely how a partner's touch eases pain.

This complicated physiological mechanism may underlie the observed coupling between the partners. It was demonstrated that warm touch can increase the levels of plasma oxytocin, and reduce stress 78 and depression 79 . Thus, future research should test the role of oxytocin in touch-related analgesia.

[3.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0]

Psychology

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news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=39586310183&p=1pl&v=1&x=MLIK2XeMJ34Ijqm2aaBClw

10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.028

Psychology_273

According to Temple, this research is just another study to show the negative impacts of corporal punishment.

Finally, even though we controlled important variables (eg, alcohol use, physical child abuse), other factors (eg, interparental violence) could influence findings.

These results remained even when the team accounted for the number of children who experienced child abuse, which is described as any form of punishment that is inappropriate or causes series injury. According to Temple, this research is just another study to show the negative impacts of corporal punishment. For example, although the fear of being hit can temporarily prevent a child from doing a problematic behavior, in the long run it may have psychological consequences.

This latter concern is tempered by the fact that prevalence of corporal punishment and dating violence in the current population was similar to nationally representative samples. Finally, even though we controlled important variables (eg, alcohol use, physical child abuse), other factors (eg, interparental violence) could influence findings. The strengths of the present study include a large ethnically diverse sample, and the use of methodologically sound measures of dating violence.

[3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32698329640&p=1pl&v=1&x=pR-rCOq5zncqbaREgJOeFg

10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y

Psychology_274

As in observations by others, "both a nap and subsequent overnight sleep was necessary to observe performance benefits."

Note that 2 children were absent for the 24-hr recognition phase but are included in all other analyses.

Overall, the authors report, "results of this study are consistent with those in procedural memory consolidation in preschool-aged children." As in observations by others, "both a nap and subsequent overnight sleep was necessary to observe performance benefits." "This study demonstrates that napping is beneficial to memory processing," they point out.

This left a remaining sample of 49 children (30 female; n = 29 classroom, n = 20 laboratory; M = 51.55 months, SD = 7.16, range = 34-64.30 months) in the following analyses. Note that 2 children were absent for the 24-hr recognition phase but are included in all other analyses. Children tested in the laboratory compared to those tested in the classroom did not differ in age (t(47) = −0.688, p = 0.495), nap length (t(47) = 0.370, p = 0.713), or accuracy across any of the recognition phases (all p's greater than 0.200); as such, behavioral data was collapsed to increase power.

[3.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw

10.1093/jcr/ucw012

Psychology_275

For example, in one experiment, people felt more environmentally conscious after they received a behaviorally targeted ad for a "green" product.

The results of study 3 replicate previous results by showing that ads identified as behaviorally targeted can affect consumer self-perceptions and hence behavior.

For example, in one experiment, people felt more environmentally conscious after they received a behaviorally targeted ad for a "green" product. "The power of a behaviorally targeted ad for a green product isn't just that it persuades you to buy the advertised product. It actually makes you feel more environmentally conscious and can change your behavior," said Rebecca Walker Reczek, co-author of the study and associate professor of marketing at The Ohio State University's Fisher College of Business.

, and this effect was not present when the order of the mediators was reversed (b ¼ .0046, SE ¼ .02, 95% CI, À.0297 to .0607). The results of study 3 replicate previous results by showing that ads identified as behaviorally targeted can affect consumer self-perceptions and hence behavior. Specifically, consumers receiving a behaviorally targeted ad for an environmentally friendly "green" product viewed themselves as possessing stronger green consumption values.

[5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0, 4.0]

Psychology

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news

http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrg/~3/KIPqQyrnyiA/

10.1073/pnas.1509654112

Psychology_276

But things got interesting when they took a look at the individual brain scans: Only zero to eight percent of people had an aEURoeall maleaEUR or aEURoeall femaleaEUR brain, meaning most people have a mix of elements that are classified as both male and female in their brains.

The size of each circle is proportional to the percent of individuals from the same sex/gender category with an identical score on the two measures.

They found 29 regions that seem to be different sizes in people who identified as male or female. But things got interesting when they took a look at the individual brain scans: Only zero to eight percent of people had an aEURoeall maleaEUR or aEURoeall femaleaEUR brain, meaning most people have a mix of elements that are classified as both male and female in their brains. While itaEUR(tm)s possible to have predominantly female components or predominantly male components to your brain, researchers found that most people are in the middle.

Another noteworthy observation is that the size of the sex/gender Fig. The size of each circle is proportional to the percent of individuals from the same sex/gender category with an identical score on the two measures. difference in some regions varied considerably between different datasets (Table S1 ).

[1.0, 2.0, 1.0]

Psychology

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news

http://healthmedicinet.com/news/science-proves-men-and-women-are-actually-from-the-same-planet/

10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y

Psychology_277

This supports an interplay between the nap and subsequent overnight sleep in the consolidation of memories in young children."

Supporting an interaction across sleep bouts, SWA in the nap negatively predicted ΔRecall nap (B = −0.601, p = 0.008; 95% CI: [−2.982, −0.517]; Fig.

A significant benefit of napping was observed only when changes across the entire 24-hour period were considered. This supports an interplay between the nap and subsequent overnight sleep in the consolidation of memories in young children." The researchers say another highlight of their work is finding that naps do contribute to emotion processing in preschool children, which is consistent with parents' and early childhood teachers' observations, though this benefit in emotional memory is delayed, say Spencer and colleagues.

In light of the reduced accuracy across the nap predicting improvements in accuracy overnight (Fig. Supporting an interaction across sleep bouts, SWA in the nap negatively predicted ΔRecall nap (B = −0.601, p = 0.008; 95% CI: [−2.982, −0.517]; Fig. 3B ) and positively predicted ΔRecall overnight (B = 0.518, p = 0.028; 95% CI: [0.000, 0.005]; Fig.

[3.0, 1.0, 4.0, 1.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw

10.1007/s13524-014-0321-x

Psychology_278

Those who become parents in their teens have a predominantly declining pattern of happiness that does not increase above the baseline even during the year of birth.

First, if we observe that young parents have negative well-being trajectories but that older parents with more resources have easier transitions to parenthood, this may influence postponement of a first birth through social learning.

Older parents, between the ages of 35 -- 49, have the strongest happiness gains around the time of birth and stay at a higher level of happiness after becoming parents. Those who become parents in their teens have a predominantly declining pattern of happiness that does not increase above the baseline even during the year of birth. Those who become parents between the ages of 23 -34 have increasing happiness before a first birth, however one to two years after the birth, happiness decreases to baseline or below.

Beyond the individual, social learning about the parental well-being trajectories of others may influence the quantum and tempo of fertility. First, if we observe that young parents have negative well-being trajectories but that older parents with more resources have easier transitions to parenthood, this may influence postponement of a first birth through social learning. Second, if we observe the transition to parenthood being accompanied by negative rather than positive changes in well-being, this can lead to lower fertility intentions, lower realized fertility, and also postponement if one surmises that less time is needed to have a smaller optimal number of children.

[2.0, 3.0, 3.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141028082454.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily+%28Latest+Science+News+--+ScienceDaily%29

10.1186/s13229-018-0246-0

Psychology_28

"Contrary to previous studies, we have shown that the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions in China is in line with that found in the West," said Dr Sophia Xiang Sun, who conducted this study as part of her PhD at Cambridge University and who is now based in the Star Kay Bridge Research Centre for Children with Autism in Xiamen, China.

Conclusions: Results from Jilin City, where both mainstream and special school data were available, revealed a similar prevalence of autism in China to the West, at around 1%.

In all three cities, the researchers identified new cases of autism in mainstream schools, confirming that there is under-diagnosis of autism in China. "Contrary to previous studies, we have shown that the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions in China is in line with that found in the West," said Dr Sophia Xiang Sun, who conducted this study as part of her PhD at Cambridge University and who is now based in the Star Kay Bridge Research Centre for Children with Autism in Xiamen, China. We have been able to use a standardized screening methodology, allowing us to compare the results with Western countries to show that autism occurs broadly at the same rate, irrespective of culture."

In Jiamusi City, 16,358 children were screened, with 10 autism cases being identified, with a mainstream prevalence of 19 per 10,000 (95% CI 10-38). Conclusions: Results from Jilin City, where both mainstream and special school data were available, revealed a similar prevalence of autism in China to the West, at around 1%. Results from Shenzhen and Jiamusi cities, where only mainstream data were available, prevalence is also in line with Western estimates.

[2.0, 2.0, 5.0, 2.0, 4.0]

Psychology

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news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=38803711012&p=1pl&v=1&x=__aEa1i_DgRqCsuf6-1kqA

10.1111/cdev.12250

Psychology_280

"These previously cool teens appeared less competent -- socially and otherwise -- than their less cool peers by the time they reached young adulthood," Allen said.

The adolescent who comes to depend upon pseudomature behavior to gain peer status may gradually need to shift, for example, from minor forms of delinquency, such as vandalism and shoplifting, to more serious acts of criminal behavior to impress even a subset of older peers.

By 22, the cool kids struggled to make friends. "These previously cool teens appeared less competent -- socially and otherwise -- than their less cool peers by the time they reached young adulthood," Allen said. Teens who become popular simply by hanging out with pretty people probably don't work as hard to develop meaningful relationships, according to the study.

Early reliance upon minor acts of delinquency to impress peers may thus lead to a greater likelihood of associating with deviance-prone peers, who in turn would only be impressed by more and more serious acts of deviance over time. The adolescent who comes to depend upon pseudomature behavior to gain peer status may gradually need to shift, for example, from minor forms of delinquency, such as vandalism and shoplifting, to more serious acts of criminal behavior to impress even a subset of older peers. Similarly, whereas minor levels of alcohol or substance use may impress a subgroup of peers in early adolescence, by early adulthood, such behavior would gain little notice, and it may take heavy drinking and more serious substance use to try to impress adult peers.

[1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0]

Psychology

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news

http://www.businessinsider.com/being-popular-in-high-school-leads-to-problems-in-adulthood-2014-6

10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y

Psychology_281

Further, Spencer and colleagues report, greater nap slow wave activity was associated with greater memory decay during the nap.

However, experimenters did rate children as significantly more sleepy in the nap condition after both Memory Performance.

However, when memory was tested again following overnight sleep, the change in memory accuracy was greater if the child had napped the previous day. Further, Spencer and colleagues report, greater nap slow wave activity was associated with greater memory decay during the nap. Yet nap slow wave activity also predicted greater overnight improvement in memory.

Experimenter ratings of mood also did not differ across conditions. However, experimenters did rate children as significantly more sleepy in the nap condition after both Memory Performance. Contrary to the findings of Kinzler and Shutts , across conditions there were no significant differences between immediate recognition accuracy of negative and positive stimuli (F(1,48) = 0.02, p = 0.865).

[4.0, 3.0, 1.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://ct.moreover.com/?a=34884544095&p=1pl&v=1&x=ZTfu4WJpcprjoFwmcebiPw

10.1111/cdev.12250

Psychology_283

Ironically, the kids who seemed to have it all at age 13 -- popularity, invites to parties, older friends, and love lives -- are the ones who "didn't turn out O.K."

In contrast, teens can also gain the appearance of maturity in more benign, if still immature, ways.

Some, however, appear to completely miss the boat. Ironically, the kids who seemed to have it all at age 13 -- popularity, invites to parties, older friends, and love lives -- are the ones who "didn't turn out O.K." The reason these "cool" kids are lost at sea as adults isn't karma working its magic -- it's more scientific than that.

Longitudinal results, however, supported the study's central hypothesis: Early adolescent pseudomature behavior predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior. In contrast, teens can also gain the appearance of maturity in more benign, if still immature, ways. Each of these behaviorsminor deviance, a focus on physical appearance in choosing friends, and precocious romantic activityis clearly distinct, yet each shares in common the potential to provide a veneer of maturity to the early adolescent seeking to enhance status with his or her peers.

[2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 1.0, 4.0]

Psychology

train

news

http://www.businessinsider.com/kids-who-were-cool-at-13-are-not-at-age-23-2015-7