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there is also a mini varsity on the campus of reinhardt university in waleska georgia frank gordy met his wife evelyn at reinhardt in 1924 and went on to georgia tech to finish his education their custom designed home was later moved from atlanta to the reinhardt university campus the gordy family gave part of their land to cobb county for what is now the mountain view campus of chattahoochee technical college and the mountain view aquatics center the rest was sold in the 1990s for upscale tract housing and strip malls gordy parkway a loop named for frank gordy serves all of these |
one of the best known employees at the varsity was erby walker who worked there for 45 years until he died in 2008 he started at the varsity at the age of 15 sweeping floors and was nearly fired on the first day but soon graduated to the kitchen mr walker was noted for his ability to move the service line quickly especially during the rush period right before a georgia tech football game his signature catchphrase was have your money out and your food on your mind and i ll getcha to the game on time he retired in 2003 but came back three weeks later that year walker was inducted into the atlanta convention and visitors bureau hospitality hall of fame |
some members do not take the skt a common reason for this is that a candidate is performing a special duty and does not have cdcs in other cases candidates are in the process of retraining and have not completed the cdcs for the new role other candidates may not have access to their cdcs for one reason or another when a candidate does not take the skt the pfe score counts again in place of the skt this is termed either pfe only or skt exempt |
the dark engine s renderer originally created by sean barrett in 1995 supports graphics similar to that of the original quake with unreal like skybox effects and colored lighting introduced in thief ii due to the limited hardware of the time the dark engine was not designed with scalability in mind and can therefore only display 1024 terrain polygons onscreen at once as well as various other limits on objects and lights in terms of textures the game supports palletized pcx and tga textures in powers of two up to 256x256 textures are grouped in families which share the same palette there is a maximum of 216 textures and independent palettes excluding 8 animated water textures |
the engine does not natively support advanced game scripting with ai and object behavior being controlled by object script module osm files which are dlls that are loaded at runtime as such new modules can be written and plugged into the level editor dromed but are limited due to the scope of the functions made available by the core engine in order to overcome this editors must resort to complicated rube goldberg machine like effects using a combination of its other systems |
the designer has full control of sound propagation within the level and the artificial intelligence of the non player characters npcs allows for three levels of awareness vague acknowledgement caused by mild visual or auditive disturbances which only prompts a startled bit of dialogue definite acknowledgement caused by significant visual or auditive disturbances which causes the npc to enter search mode and definite acquisition triggered by visual on the fully lit player or face first contact with a player regardless of the light level prompting a direct attack |
in late april 2010 a user on the dreamcast talk forum disassembled the contents of a dreamcast development kit he had purchased the contents of the kit included among other things items pertaining to ports of thief 2 and system shock 2 to that system by december 2010 it had been discovered by the user and subsequently the greater looking glass studios fan community that a compact disc included with the kit the contents of which had been uploaded to the internet included a second copy of the dark engine source minus the libraries needed to compile the code |
there are four different versions of dromed for thief the dark project for thief gold for thief ii and lastly for system shock 2 commonly called shocked dromed for thief the dark project and thief gold use the same version of the dark engine and therefore can open levels created for each game although thief gold levels may refer to in game objects that are not found in thief thief ii uses a revised version of the dark engine and therefore it is difficult to open levels created for thief with dromed for thief ii shocked is not compatible with any dark engine games aside from system shock 2 however basic level geometry can be moved between editors using a geometry export feature called multibrush system shock 2 levels can be loaded by dromed 2 with some work |
in 1860 wilson and three others including incumbent samuel r curtis vied for the republican nomination to represent iowa s 1st congressional district in the u s house of representatives curtis won the nomination then the general election after the outbreak of the civil war however curtis resigned to accept appointment as an officer of the union army at the convention called to choose the republican nominee to succeed curtis it was a foregone conclusion that james f wilson would be the unanimous choice in october 1861 wilson was elected to fill the vacancy easily defeating democrat jairus e neal |
wilson was aligned with the faction of his party known at the time as the radical republicans he supported civil rights moves and objected to president andrew johnson s attempts to veto the civil rights act of 1866 and the reconstruction acts despite his initial misgivings he ultimately voted to impeach president johnson and was one of the house managers in his impeachment trial in 1868 he supported the first bill in congress to provide voting rights to black citizens of the district of columbia he was not a candidate for renomination in 1868 explaining prior to the district convention that with the election of an acceptable republican president guaranteed and a change in administration inevitable a change in representation of the first district was also timely in all wilson served in the house from october 8 1861 to march 4 1869 |
from the first official survey carried out for the map of adelaide colonel william light intended for the planned city to have a botanical garden to this end he designated a naturally occurring ait that had formed in the course of the river torrens in what is now the west parklands however attempts to establish a garden were abandoned owing to frequent flooding of the area after second attempt had failed the northern bank of the torrens opposite the present location of the adelaide zoo was considered and it was here in 1839 that john bailey an experienced gardener made a third attempt but no funding was offered |
the south australian agricultural and horticultural society formed 1842 and other groups continued to press for the creation of a public garden the public were aware of the economic and scientific benefits of such a garden already seen elsewhere in the british empire in 1854 the present site was recommended to the government by the society and george william francis who had begun appealing to the governor sir henry young soon after his arrival in 1849 to establish the garden and francis was appointed superintendent of the garden in 1855 |
in january 1855 the legislative council finally approved the site the land was held sacred by the kaurna people as the red kangaroo dreaming tarndanyangga but at that time it was being used as paddocks for police horses francis was responsible for establishing the perimeter solving the flooding problems and landscaping north terrace to blend well with the entrance to the garden in october 1855 he presented his first progress report including a plan of regent s park in london as an example of circular garden design that he thought could be adapted for adelaide |
in the late 3rd or early 4th century the eastern part of the settlement of approximately between the present wall lane and green lane and straddling watling street was enclosed with a stone wall surrounded by an earth rampart and ditches civilians continued to live inside the settlement and on its outskirts in the late 4th century the settlement appears to have declined rapidly soon after the romans left britain in ad 410 and the focus of settlement shifted to lichfield despite this shift of population david ford identifies the community as the fort grey woods listed by nennius among the 28 cities of britain in his history of the britains |
development of wall since the romans has been slow and it has never developed beyond a small village the earliest medieval settlement may have been on the higher ground wall house on green lane although dating from the 18th century is probably on the site of the medieval manor house wall hall to the south also dates from the mid 18th century but replaced a house which existed in the 17th century by the late 18th century several dwellings were built on watling street west of manor farm and formed the lower part of the village |
in 1839 the church was built and in 1843 was consecrated as the church of england parish church of st john the architects were george gilbert scott and william moffatt the church consists of a nave a chancel and a west steeple the steeple has a three stage tower with diagonal buttresses and a west door it is square at the base rises to become octagonal and is surmounted by a spire with lucarnes the east window has three lights and is in perpendicular style |
black brook runs below the gravel terrace west of wall crane brook runs through hilton and chesterfield and is the source for hilton s main street name of cranebrook lane a spring south of pipe grange feeds a stream which flows east to leamonsley brook a spring rising in aldershawe was used for centuries as the source for drinking water for the city of lichfield conduits were dug from aldershawe to lichfield where they supplied water from various conduits around the city |
in 1932 the rial was pegged to the british pound at 1 pound 59 75 rials the exchange rate was 80 25 in 1936 64 350 in 1939 68 8 in 1940 141 in 1941 and 129 in 1942 in 1945 the rial was pegged to the u s dollar at 1 dollar 32 25 rials the rate was 1 dollar 75 75 rials in 1957 iran did not follow the dollar s devaluation in 1973 leading to a new peg of 1 dollar 68 725 rials the peg to usd was dropped in 1975 |
monetary policy is facilitated by a network of 50 iranian run forex dealers in iran the rest of the middle east and europe according to the wall street journal and dealers the iranian government was selling 250 million daily to keep the rial exchange rate against the us dollar between 9 700 and 9 900 in 2009 at times before the devaluation of the rial in 2013 the authorities weakened the national currency intentionally by withholding the supply of hard currency to earn more rial denominated income usually at times when the government faced a budget deficit |
the unofficial rial to us dollar rate underwent severe fluctuations in january 2012 the rial losing 50 of its value in a few days following new international sanctions against the cbi eventually settling at 17 000 rials at the end of the period besides all the bad effects on the economy in general this had the effect of boosting the competitiveness of iran s domestic industries abroad following president mahmoud ahmadinejad s decision to liberalize the mechanism by which bank interest rates are set granting banks the authority to raise interest rates to 21 cbi announced that it would be fixing the official rate of the rial against the dollar at 12 260 rials from january 28 2012 and seek to meet all demand for foreign currency through banks |
until 2002 iran s exchange rate system was based on a multi layered system where state and para state enterprises benefited from the preferred or official rate 1 750 rial for usd while the private sector paid the market rate 8 000 rial for usd hence creating an unequal competition environment the official rate applied to oil and gas export receipts imports of essential goods and services and repayment of external debt the export rate fixed at 3 000 rials per usd since may 1995 applied to all other trade transactions but mainly to capital goods imports of public enterprises |
in a move interpreted as aiming at unifying currency exchange rates on september 24 2012 the government launched a foreign exchange centre that would provide importers of some basic goods with foreign exchanges at a rate about 2 cheaper than the open market rate on a given day this project was canceled following the strong depreciation of the rial between 2012 and 2013 but was put on the agenda again in 2015 for use in the reunification of forex rates planned for 2017 and the introduction of currency derivatives through the iran mercantile exchange |
on april 12 2007 the economics commission of the parliament announced initiation of a statute in draft to change the currency claiming redenominations had helped reduce inflation elsewhere such as in turkey in 2008 an official at the central bank of iran said the bank plans to slash four zeros off the rial and rename it the toman the bank printed two new traveler s cheques which function quite similar to a banknote with values of 500 000 and 1 000 000 rials however they have the figures 50 and 100 written on their top right hand corners respectively which is seen as the first step toward a new currency |
the central bank used to allow major state banks to print their own banknotes known as cash cheques they were a form of bearer teller s cheque with fixed amounts printed in the form of official banknotes once they were acquired from banks they could function like cash for a year two forms of these banknotes were available one known as iran cheque could be cashed in any financial institution while the other could be cashed at the issuing bank they were printed in denominations of 200 000 500 000 1 000 000 2 000 000 and 5 000 000 rials |
a woman spy and some male agents working for the germans during world war i land at night near the british naval base at scapa flow from a u boat the british led by col foreman ambush the landing party capturing two of the men but the woman gets away foreman fakes the execution of one of the spies thus tricking the second one meyer into becoming a double agent in the hopes of using him to capture his woman accomplice whom meyer identifies under the codename fraulein doktor fraulein doktor is portrayed as a brilliant spy who stole a formula for a skin blistering gas similar to mustard gas which the germans used to great effect against the allies on the battlefield |
meanwhile fraulein doktor seduces a laundryman to find out which ship lord kitchener will be sailing on to russia and when it will sail she then helps a german u boat to sink hms hampshire outside scapa flow with kitchener on it taking his life for this she is awarded the german pour le m rite meyer re appears in berlin and courts her the german intelligence service is suspicious of meyer s escape from the british but use him to poison fraulein doktor because of her addiction to morphine meyer is shown her dead body and later makes his way back to the british to confirm her death |
col foreman is still not convinced of her death and shows up at the same army headquarters with meyer in tow the german agents steal the plans and in a deadly shootout with sentries one gets away back to german lines the germans then launch their attack with great success but col foreman confronts fraulein doktor meyer kills foreman but is in turn killed by the advancing german troops fraulein doktor is then whisked away by the germans but suffers a breakdown as she is being driven off through all the carnage and death about her |
alguacil began to play on the tensions that humeya had reportedly had with the turkish contingent of his army for quite some time he went to the turks and claimed that he had supplied hashish to aben humeya in order that it be given to the turkish captains so that they would be sedated and later killed that night the turks refused the offer explaining that the turkish caliphate had sent them not to become kings but to assist the king of the moors |
the deaths of aben humeya and aben aboo coupled with the arrival of 20 000 soldiers under the command of john of austria philip s illegitimate half brother to quash the rebellion brought an end to over two years of vicious guerilla warfare in the alpujarras almost the entire population of the alpujarras was then deported to castille and western andalusia and some 270 villages and hamlets were repopulated with settlers brought in from northern spain the remaining villages were abandoned this led to the destruction of the silk industry over the course of several centuries |
in parapatric speciation two subpopulations of a species evolve reproductive isolation from one another while continuing to exchange genes this mode of speciation has three distinguishing characteristics 1 mating occurs non randomly 2 gene flow occurs unequally and 3 populations exist in either continuous or discontinuous geographic ranges this distribution pattern may be the result of unequal dispersal incomplete geographical barriers or divergent expressions of behavior among other things parapatric speciation predicts that hybrid zones will often exist at the junction between the two populations |
parapatric speciation can be understood as a level of gene flow between populations where formula 1 in allopatry and peripatry formula 2 in sympatry and midway between the two in parapatry intrinsic to this parapatry covers the entire continuum represented as formula 3 some biologists reject this delineation advocating the disuse of the term parapatric outright because many different spatial distributions can result in intermediate levels of gene flow others champion this position and suggest the abandonment of geographic classification schemes geographic modes of speciation altogether |
due to the continuous nature of a parapatric population distribution population niches will often overlap producing a continuum in the species ecological role across an environmental gradient whereas in allopatric or peripatric speciation in which geographically isolated populations may evolve reproductive isolation without gene flow the reduced gene flow of parapatric speciation will often produce a cline in which a variation in evolutionary pressures causes a change to occur in allele frequencies within the gene pool between populations this environmental gradient ultimately results in genetically distinct sister species |
doebeli and dieckmann developed a mathematical model that suggested that ecological contact is an important factor in parapatric speciation and that despite gene flow acting as a barrier to divergence in the local population disruptive selection drives assortative mating eventually leading to a complete reduction in gene flow this model resembles reinforcement with the exception that there is never a secondary contact event the authors conclude that spatially localized interactions along environmental gradients can facilitate speciation through frequency dependent selection and result in patterns of geographical segregation between the emerging species however one study by polechov and barton disputes these conclusions |
clines are often cited as evidence of parapatric speciation and numerous examples have been documented to exist in nature many of which contain hybrid zones these clinal patterns however can also often be explained by allopatric speciation followed by a period of secondary contact causing difficulty for researchers attempting to determine their origin thomas b smith and colleagues posit that large ecotones are centers for speciation implying parapatric speciation and are involved in the production of biodiversity in tropical rainforests they cite patterns of morphologic and genetic divergence of the passerine species andropadus virens jiggins and mallet surveyed a range of literature documenting every phase of parapatric speciation in nature positing that it is both possible and likely in the studied species discussed |
it is widely thought that parapatric speciation is far more common in oceanic species due to the low probability of the presence of full geographic barriers required in allopatry numerous studies conducted have documented parapatric speciation in marine organisms bernd kramer and colleagues found evidence of parapatric speciation in mormyrid fish pollimyrus castelnaui whereas rocha and bowen contend that parapatric speciation is the primary mode among coral reef fish evidence for a clinal model of parapatric speciation was found to occur in salpidae nancy knowlton found numerous examples of parapatry in a large survey of marine organisms |
sometime prior to the first european contact the chickasaw migrated from western regions and moved east of the mississippi river where they settled mostly in present day northeast mississippi alabama and into lawrence county tennessee where they encountered european explorers and traders they had interaction with the french english and spanish during the colonial years the united states considered the chickasaw one of the five civilized tribes of the southeast as they adopted numerous practices of european americans resisting european american settlers encroaching on their territory they were forced by the us to sell their country in the 1832 treaty of pontotoc creek and move to indian territory oklahoma during the era of indian removal in the 1830s |
most of their descendants remain as residents of what is now oklahoma the chickasaw nation in oklahoma is the 13th largest federally recognized tribe in the united states its members are related to the choctaw and share a common history with them the chickasaw are divided into two groups moieties the impsaktea and the intcutwalipa they traditionally followed a kinship system of matrilineal descent in which inheritance and descent are traced through the maternal line children are considered born into the mother s family and clan and gain their social status from her women controlled some property and hereditary leadership in the tribe passed through the maternal line |
the chickasaw are believed to have migrated into mississippi from the west as their oral history attests they and the choctaw were once one people and migrated from west of the mississippi river into present day mississippi in prehistoric times the chickasaw and choctaw split along the way the mississippian ideological interaction sphere spanned the eastern woodlands the mississippian cultures emerged from previous moundbuilding societies by 880 ce they built complex dense villages supporting a stratified society with centers throughout the mississippi and ohio river valleys and their tributaries |
george washington first u s president and henry knox first u s secretary of war proposed the cultural transformation of native americans washington believed that native americans were equals but that their society was inferior he formulated a policy to encourage the civilizing process and thomas jefferson continued it historian robert remini wrote they presumed that once the indians adopted the practice of private property built homes farmed educated their children and embraced christianity these native americans would win acceptance from white americans washington s six point plan included impartial justice toward indians regulated buying of indian lands promotion of commerce promotion of experiments to civilize or improve indian society presidential authority to give presents and punishing those who violated indian rights |
the government appointed indian agents such as benjamin hawkins who became superintendent of indian affairs for all the territory south of the ohio river he and other agents lived among the indians to teach them through example and instruction how to live like whites hawkins married a muscogee creek woman and lived with her people for decades in the 19th century the chickasaw increasingly adopted european american practices as they established schools adopted yeoman farming practices converted to christianity and built homes in styles like their european american neighbors |
in the mid 18th century an american born trader of scots and chickasaw ancestry by the name of james logan colbert settled in the muscle shoals area of mississippi he lived there for the next 40 years where he married three high ranking chickasaw women in succession chickasaw chiefs and high status women found such marriages of strategic benefit to the tribe as it gave them advantages with traders over other groups colbert and his wives had numerous children including seven sons william jonathan george levi samuel joseph and pittman or james six survived to adulthood jonathan died young |
the chickasaw had a matrilineal system in which children were considered born into the mother s clan and they gained their status in the tribe from her family property and hereditary leadership passed through the maternal line and the mother s eldest brother was the main male mentor of the children especially of boys because of the status of their mothers for nearly a century the colbert chickasaw sons and their descendants provided critical leadership during the tribe s greatest challenges they had the advantage of growing up bilingual |
of these six sons william chooshemataha colbert named after james logan s father chief major william d blainville piomingo colbert served with general andrew jackson during the creek wars of 1813 14 he also had served during the revolutionary wars and received a commission from president george washington in 1786 along with his namesake grandfather his brothers levi itawamba mingo and george colbert tootesmastube also had military service in support of the united states in addition the two each served as interpreters and negotiators for chiefs of the tribe during the period of removal levi colbert served as principal chief which may have been a designation by the americans who did not understand the decentralized nature of the chiefs council based on the tribe reaching broad consensus for major decisions an example is that more than 40 chiefs from the chickasaw council representing clans and villages signed a letter in november 1832 by levi colbert to president andrew jackson complaining about treaty negotiations with his appointee general john coffee after levi s death in 1834 the chickasaw people were forced upon the trail of tears his brother george colbert reluctantly succeeded him as chief and principal negotiator because he was bilingual and bicultural george tootesmastube colbert never reached the chickasaw s oka homa red waters he died on choctaw territory fort towson en route |
the chickasaw nation was the first of the five civilized tribes to become allies of the confederate states of america in addition they resented the united states government which had forced them off their lands and failed to protect them against the plains tribes in the west in 1861 as tensions rose related to the sectional conflict the us army abandoned fort washita leaving the chickasaw nation defenseless against the plains tribes confederate officials recruited the american indian tribes with suggestions of an indian state if they were victorious in the civil war |
at the beginning of the american civil war albert pike was appointed as confederate envoy to native americans in this capacity he negotiated several treaties including the treaty with choctaws and chickasaws in july 1861 the treaty covered sixty four terms covering many subjects such as choctaw and chickasaw nation sovereignty confederate states of america citizenship possibilities and an entitled delegate in the house of representatives of the confederate states of america because the chickasaw sided with the confederate states of america during the american civil war they had to forfeit some of their land afterward in addition the us renegotiated their treaty insisting on their emancipation of slaves and offering citizenship to those who wanted to stay in the chickasaw nation if they returned to the united states they would have us citizenship |
the chickasaws were first combined with the choctaw nation and their area was called the chickasaw district although originally the western boundary of the choctaw nation extended to the 100th meridian virtually no chickasaw lived west of the cross timbers the area was subject to continual raiding by the indians on the southern plains the united states eventually leased the area between the 100th and 98th meridians for the use of the plains tribes the area was referred to as the leased district |
but the chickasaw nation never granted citizenship to the chickasaw freedmen the only way that african americans could become citizens at that time was to have one or more chickasaw parents or to petition for citizenship and go through the process available to other non natives even if they were of known partial chickasaw descent in an earlier generation because the chickasaw nation did not provide citizenship to their freedmen after the civil war it would have been akin to formal adoption of individuals into the tribe they were penalized by the u s government it took more than half of their territory with no compensation they lost territory that had been negotiated in treaties in exchange for their use after removal from the southeast |
richard william wynne born 6 october 1955 is an australian politician he has been a labor party member of the victorian legislative assembly since 1999 representing the electorate of richmond he has been minister for planning in the andrews ministry since december 2014 and also became the minister for housing and minister for multicultural affairs in 2018 he previously served as parliamentary secretary for justice 1999 2002 cabinet secretary 2002 2006 minister for housing 2006 2010 minister for local government 2006 2010 and minister for aboriginal affairs 2007 2010 in the bracks ministry and brumby ministry he is a member of the labor party and a member of the socialist left faction |
at the september 1999 victorian state election the statewide result was decided by three independents who supported the formation of the minority bracks state labor government richard wynne won the then safe labor seat of richmond comfortably richard wynne was elected to the sub cabinet post of parliamentary secretary for justice after the election and served until the state election in 2002 the role assisting the reformist attorney general rob hulls gave richard the opportunity to push for law reform in the area of gay and lesbian rights a strong constituency in his inner city seat |
the bracks state labor government was returned in a landslide result in 2002 but the new phenomenon of the victorian greens party scoring strong results in the inner city seats of melbourne saw wynne go to preferences in the once safe labor seat previously labor candidates in inner city seats would either win in their own right or be helped over the line against liberal candidates by preferentially eliminated greens and other preferences richard was promoted to cabinet secretary in the bracks state labor government following the 2002 election which he held until 2006 |
at the time of decision the supreme court of georgia had reviewed 63 rape cases only six of these involved a death sentence the georgia court had set aside one leaving five death sentences for rape intact from among all the rape convictions obtained since furman from the statistical evidence the court concluded that in at least 90 of rape cases the jury did not impose a death sentence the objective evidence state death penalty laws and behavior of juries suggested that the death penalty for rape was rare |
but objective evidence does not dictate the outcome of the court s proportionality analysis the court also brings to bear its estimation of how the death penalty in the circumstances in question would serve the goals of retribution and deterrence rape is a serious crime short of homicide it is the ultimate violation of self it typically involves violence and injury both physical and psychological but the court denied that it involves serious injury rape is without doubt deserving of serious punishment but in terms of moral depravity and of the injury to the person and to the public it does not compare with murder which does involve the unjustified taking of human life in light of such facts the court concluded that death was an excessive punishment for the rapist who as such does not take human life |
the fact that the jury had found that two aggravating factors applied to coker s crime his prior convictions and the fact that the rape was committed during the course of a robbery did not change the court s conclusion the rape may have been committed during the course of another crime and by a hardened criminal but the rape did not escalate into a killing finally even a deliberate killing does not merit a death sentence under georgia law without the finding of aggravating factors |
chief justice burger joined by justice rehnquist dissented because he believed that the proportionality principle the court had engrafted onto the eighth amendment encroached too much on the legislative power of the states burger preferred to concentrate on the narrow facts of the case was it proper for georgia to impose the death penalty on coker a man who had escaped from prison while serving a sentence for murder and raped another young woman whatever one s view may be as to the state s constitutional power to impose the death penalty upon a rapist who stands before the court convicted for the first time this case reveals a chronic rapist whose continuing danger to the community is abundantly clear |
burger defended a state s prerogative to impose additional punishment for recidivists including a death sentence for prisoners who commit crimes congress had enacted an early three strikes law and the federal crime of assault on a mail carrier carried a stiffer penalty for a second such offense other states also carried harsher penalties for habitual criminality he believed that the eighth amendment does not prevent the state from taking an individual s well demonstrated propensity for life endangering behavior into account in devising punitive measures which will prevent inflicting further harm upon innocent victims |
furthermore rape is a heinous crime a rapist not only violates a victim s privacy and personal integrity but inevitably causes serious psychological as well as physical harm in the process the long range effect upon the victim s life and health is likely to be irreparable it is impossible to measure the harm which results he disagreed with the court s conclusion that there were no circumstances under which it was a proportional response to crime such a conclusion turned the court into the ultimate arbiter of the standards of criminal responsibility in diverse areas of the criminal law throughout the country that was an inappropriate role for the court to assume in the american federal system he felt that furman had injected enough uncertainty into the debate over capital punishment it was more expedient to allow subsequent legislative developments to evolve |
burger disagreed with the court s assessment of the retribution and deterrence value of the death penalty for rape he thought that the death penalty might deter at least one prospective rapist it might encourage victims to report the crime it might increase the general feeling of security among members of the community the fact that the magnitude of the harm caused by the murderer is greater than that caused by the rapist was beside the point the eighth amendment was not the code of hammurabi if innocent life and limb are to be preserved i see no constitutional barrier in punishing by death all who engage in criminal activity which consistently poses serious danger of death or serious bodily harm thus the court had no place dictating how the states might make law in the criminal arena |
in 1977 florida sentenced to death child rapist william h shue the state s supreme court vacated the sentence in 1978 and ordered him returned to the ocala circuit court for resentencing while declining to rule on the overall question of capital punishment for child rape the court said there had been no showing in shue s case of extraordinary cruelty or of violence or injury to the young victims the court noted that judge swigert had imposed the death penalty although the jury that had convicted shue had sentenced him to life imprisonment daniel coler was sentenced to death in 1978 in florida for the rape of his daughter as a child coler s death sentence was overturned in 1982 because the court found that irrelevant and prejudicial testimony had been introduced in his case preventing a fair trial the state said that it would not retry him as the victim did not want to testify and the other chief witness had died in an auto accident coler was set free after 4 1 2 years on death row |
until kennedy v louisiana some states were testing the limit of this restriction by enacting death penalty statutes for repeat child rapists in terms of the court s capital punishment jurisprudence coker signaled the court s commitment to employing a robust proportionality test for deciding when the death penalty would be an appropriate punishment the court would later use this same proportionality test to evaluate the propriety of the death penalty for felony murder except for the actual killer mentally retarded offenders juvenile offenders and eventually all nonhomicide crimes and crimes against the state |
highly industrialized nuevo le n possesses a standard of living similar to that of countries such as croatia slovakia or poland in 2007 the per capita gdp of the state was similar to that of the asian tiger of south korea and even higher than that of some european union states such as slovakia and hungary at about 27 000 it was the highest gdp per capita ppp of any mexican state not counting the federal district which also has a very high per capita and was therefore higher than the mexican national average 2013 gdp per capita ppp national average was 15 700 |
one of its municipalities san pedro garza garc a is among the richest in the country in terms of per capita income it is also home of powerful conglomerates such as cemex one of the largest construction materials firms in the world bimbo bakery and pastry maseca food and grains banorte the only high street bank in mexico wholly owned by mexicans alfa sigma alestra nemak alpek and hylsa recently bought by ternium i service helpdesk vitro sa glass femsa coca cola in latin america and cervecer a cuauht moc moctezuma brewers of sol tecate xx bohemia indio and nochebuena |
in recent years the state government has been making efforts in attracting significant investments in aeronautics biotechnology mechatronics information and communication technologies fields with the creation of the research and technology innovation park piit parque de investigaci n e innovaci n tecnol gica a technology park oriented in the development innovation and research of sciences the project is one of the key strategies within the monterrey city of knowledge program the park is located in the municipality of apodaca part of greater monterrey at the 10 km of the highway to monterrey s international airport it consists of a total surface area of 70 ha 172 acres half of it already committed to r d centers the other 35 ha 86 acres are available for research and development centers and for businesses that meet the park s objectives |
students were required to take one year of visual or performing arts such as dance fine arts choir or theater and a one trimester heritage class in the opposite discipline for example if a student was enrolled in a yearlong performing arts class she was later required to take a one trimester art history class likewise if she was enrolled in a yearlong visual arts class she was later required to take a one trimester music history class in addition to heritage classes loretto offered other one trimester courses in music art dance and theater br |
loretto had two levels of choral ensembles concert choir beginning and chamber singers advanced the choirs held 2 annual concerts in december and may in february 2009 the loretto chamber singers performed at the jammies evening of classical music at the mondavi center at uc davis in addition both choirs sang at the state capitol catholic high school choral festival and various other events in 2007 and 2009 both choirs won 1st place in their section at the heritage festival in anaheim ca br |
girls could take a 1 term drama workshop class or enroll in a yearlong drama class there were two levels beginning theater arts and advanced advanced drama workshop as part of the extended curriculum drama students were responsible for teching and producing the spring dance show broadway bound for the loretto community each fall the school sponsored a dramatic or musical production and the advanced drama class held an evening of one acts often curated and directed by students they participated in the lenea festival each year in 2005 and 2006 loretto students medaled for their scene work and were honorably mentioned in the monologue category as well in 2009 girls won a total of 2 gold medals 1 silver medal and 2 bronze medals in the 2005 2006 school year the drama department was the center of significant controversy when a new instructor was dismissed at the insistence of the bishop after it was discovered that she lied on her employment application regarding her history of volunteering at an abortion clinic |
there were 358 households of which 48 6 had children under the age of 18 living with them 69 6 were married couples living together 6 4 had a female householder with no husband present 5 6 had a male householder with no wife present and 18 4 were non families 13 7 of all households were made up of individuals and 4 2 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older the average household size was 2 87 and the average family size was 3 13 |
the history of the family started with the trusted advisor of the last piast kings comes spytek z melsztyna the progenitor of the tarnowski melszty ski jaros awski family by 1320 he held the office of voivode of krakow and from 1331 the highest secular office in the kingdom of poland castellan of krakow for his military service king w adys aw i the elbow high gave him large estates on the dunajec river where spytek founded the city of tarnow in 1330 and built two stronghold castles in tarnow and melsztyn around 1340 |
after the death of spytek z melsztyna and the death of his son who was also named spytek z melsztyna in the 1439 battle of grotniki the melsztyn line declined in the tarn w line the sons of jan z tarnowa fought in the battle of grunwald in 1410 and after that divided the family property jan the voivode of krak w voivodeship settled in tarn w and the voivode of sandomierz voivodeship spytek became the owner of jaros aw where he started a new branch of the family called the leliwita branch |
in the 17th century the folding fan and its attendant semiotic culture were introduced from japan simpler fans were developed in china greece and egypt east asian japanese and chinese imports became popular in europe these fans are particularly well displayed in the portraits of the high born women of the era queen elizabeth i of england can be seen to carry both folding fans decorated with pom poms on their guardsticks as well as the older style rigid fan usually decorated with feathers and jewels these rigid style fans often hung from the skirts of ladies but of the fans of this era it is only the more exotic folding ones which have survived those folding fans of the 15th century found in museums today have either leather leaves with cut out designs forming a lace like design or a more rigid leaf with inlays of more exotic materials like mica one of the characteristics of these fans is the rather crude bone or ivory sticks and the way the leather leaves are often slotted onto the sticks rather than glued as with later folding fans fans made entirely of decorated sticks without a fan leaf were known as fans however despite the relative crude methods of construction folding fans were at this era high status exotic items on par with elaborate gloves as gifts to royalty |
in the 17th century the rigid fan which was seen in portraits of the previous century had fallen out of favour as folding fans gained dominance in europe fans started to display well painted leaves often with a religious or classical subject the reverse side of these early fans also started to display elaborate flower designs the sticks are often plain ivory or tortoiseshell sometimes inlaid with gold or silver pique work the way the sticks sit close to each other often with little or no space between them is one of the distinguishing characteristics of fans of this era |
in the 18th century fans reached a high degree of artistry and were being made throughout europe often by specialized craftsmen either in leaves or sticks folded fans of silk or parchment were decorated and painted by artists fans were also imported from china by the east india companies at this time around the middle 18th century inventors started designing mechanical fans wind up fans similar to wind up clocks were popular in the 18th century in the 19th century in the west european fashion caused fan decoration and size to vary |
it has been said that in the courts of england spain and elsewhere fans were used in a more or less secret unspoken code of messages these fan languages were a way to cope with the restricting social etiquette however modern research has proved that this was a marketing ploy developed in the 19th century fana journal spring 2004 fact fiction about the language of the fan by j p ryan one that has kept its appeal remarkably over the succeeding centuries this is now used for marketing by fan makers like cussons sons co ltd who produced a series of advertisements in 1954 showing the language of the fan with fans supplied by the well known french fan maker duvelleroy |
the rigid or screen fan became also fashionable during the 18th and 19th century they never reached the same level of popularity as the easy to carry around folding fans which became almost an integrated part of women s dress the screen fan was mainly used inside the interior of the house in 18th and 19th century paintings of interiors one sometimes sees one laying on a chimney mantle they were mainly used to protect a woman s face against the glare and heat of the fire to avoid getting or ruddy cheeks from the heat but probably not in the least it served to keep the heat from spoiling the carefully applied make up which in those days was often wax based until the 20th century houses were heated by open fires in chimneys or by stoves and the lack of insulation made many a house very draughty and cold during winter therefore any social or family gathering would be in close proximity to the fireplace |
the design of the screen fan is a fixed handle most often made out of exquisitely turned painted or guided wood fixed to a flat screen the screen could be made out of silk stretched on a frame or thin wood leather or papier mache the surface is often exquisitely painted with scenes ranging from flowers and birds of paradise to religious scenes at the end of the 19th century they disappeared when the need for them ceased to exist during the 19th century names like the birmingham based firm of jennens and bettridge produced many papier m ch fans |
specific concepts of status and gender were associated with types of fans in chinese history during the song dynasty famous artists were often commissioned to paint fans the chinese dancing fan was developed in the 7th century the chinese form of the hand fan was a row of feathers mounted in the end of a handle in later centuries chinese poems and four word idioms were used to decorate fans using chinese calligraphy pens in ancient china fans came in various shapes and forms such as in a leaf oval or a half moon shape and were made in different materials such as silk bamboo and feathers the invention of folding fan in japan was later introduced to the chinese in the 10th century |
in ancient japan hand fans such as oval and silk fans were influenced greatly by chinese fans the earliest visual depiction of fans in japan dates back to the 6th century ad with burial tomb paintings showed drawings of fans the folding fan was invented in japan with dates ranging from the 6th to 9th centuries it was a court fan called the after the court women s dress named according to the history of song a japanese monk offered the folding fans twenty wooden bladed fans and two paper fans to the emperor of china in 988 |
the earliest fans in japan were made by tying thin stripes of or japanese cypress together with thread the number of strips of wood differed according to the person s rank later in the 16th century portuguese traders introduced it to the west and soon both men and women throughout the continent adopted it they are used today by shinto priests in formal costume and in the formal costume of the japanese court they can be seen used by the emperor and empress during enthronement and marriage and are brightly painted with long tassels simple japanese paper fans are sometimes known as |
the or japanese dancing fan has ten sticks and a thick paper mount showing the family crest and japanese painters made a large variety of designs and patterns the slats of ivory bone mica mother of pearl sandalwood or tortoise shell were carved and covered with paper or fabric folding fans have montures which are the sticks and guards and the leaves were usually painted by craftsmen social significance was attached to the fan in the far east as well and the management of the fan became a highly regarded feminine art fans were even used as a weapon called the iron fan or in japanese |
a large group that continues to use folding hand fans for cultural and fashion use are drag queens stemming from ideas of imitating and appropriating cultural ideas of excess wealth status and elegance large folding hand fans sometimes or more in radius are used to punctuate speech as part of performances or as accessories to an outfit fans may have phrases taken from the lexicon of drag and lgbtq culture written on them and may be decorated in other ways such as the addition of sequins or tassels |
iso iec 17025 general requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories is the main iso standard used by testing and calibration laboratories in most countries iso iec 17025 is the standard for which most labs must hold accreditation in order to be deemed technically competent in many cases suppliers and regulatory authorities will not accept test or calibration results from a lab that is not accredited originally known as iso iec guide 25 iso iec 17025 was initially issued by the international organization for standardization in 1999 there are many commonalities with the iso 9000 standard but iso iec 17025 is more specific in requirements for competence and applies directly to those organizations that produce testing and calibration results and is based on somewhat more technical principles laboratories use iso iec 17025 to implement a quality system aimed at improving their ability to consistently produce valid results it is also the basis for accreditation from an accreditation body |
the 2017 version of iso iec 17025 has modified this structure to be scope normative references terms and definitions general requirements structural requirements resource requirements process requirements and management system requirements general requirements and structural requirements are related to the organization of the laboratory itself resource requirements cite those issues related to the people plant and other organizations used by the laboratory to produce its technically valid results process requirements are the heart of this version of the standard in describing the activities to ensure that results are based on accepted science and aimed at technical validity management system requirements are those steps taken by the organization to give itself quality management system tools to support the work of its people in the production of technically valid results |
in order for accreditation bodies to recognize each other s accreditations the international laboratory accreditation cooperation ilac worked to establish methods of evaluating accreditation bodies against another iso casco standard iso iec guide 58 which became iso iec 17011 around the world geo political regions such as the european community and asia pacific the americas and others established regional cooperations to manage the work needed for such mutual recognition these regional bodies all working within the ilac umbrella include european accreditation cooperation ea the asia pacific laboratory accreditation cooperation aplac southern africa accreditation cooperation sadca and the inter american accreditation cooperation iaac |
lavorgna starred as nicholas scamperelli in the series brooklyn bridge for which he received the 1993 youth in film award for best actor he then joined 7th heaven as a series regular portraying robbie palmer mary s jessica biel troubled ex boyfriend who has moved into the family home he left the show in 2002 lavorgna recalled his choice to leave was due to having a hard time managing his way around hollywood california in addition to missing his family mutually agreeing with the staff of 7th heaven for a dismissal he returned to the east coast of the us subsequently |
burtonwood had four public houses three that have since been demolished are the bridge house inn the elm tree inn and the limerick hotel the bridge house inn and the elm street inn were both owned by the marstons group and were demolished in 2014 the first was located in phipps lane built in the early 1900s the second was located on the corner of phipps lane and chapel lane built around 1885s the limerick hotel was located on what was cow lane now burtonwood rd built in 1911 and demolished in the early 1940s because the pub was too close to the fully operational burtonwood air base and runway the village currently has two public houses the chapel house and the fiddle i th bag inn three social clubs and three churches st michael s st paul of the cross and the methodist church |
wesley morris of the boston globe felt the film had no idea what to make of black people or hip hop culture noting how rudnick s script is filled with half hearted structuring and is exasperating in its enervated politically toothless jabs he concluded that marci x is just clueless and sad seemingly having missed the point that hip hop is no longer a novelty to be slapped on the cheek with a white glove nathan rabin of the a v club also criticized rudnick s scripting of the film for being a series of skit ideas strung together and felt that wayans was woefully miscast as a charismatic thug he concluded by calling it the year s most misguided culture clash comedy the austin chronicle s marjorie baumgarten felt the premise was filled with possibilities for good culture clash humor la rock n roll high school but played everything straightforward saying that it exudes the familiar stench of stale comedy routinely tossed into theatres by the studios in the dog days of august when no one s really looking anyway ed gonzalez from slant magazine wrote that marci x is a sketch comedy that misses more than it hits and not unlike danny devito s death to smoochy the worst thing that can be said about it is that it s a good decade too late mick lasalle of the san francisco chronicle called it a dishonest satire that manages to be disingenuously contemptuous of white people and unintentionally condescending toward black people without ever being funny lou lumenick of the new york post derided the movie for being dull in its material about uptight white people getting jiggy with it and its jabs at both rich people and hip hop musicians concluding that marci x gives gigli a run for its money as the summer s worst movie |
the film received some positive reviews armond white praised the film s satire of its subject matter saying it sarcastically tackles hip hop sanctimony at a time in which it should be ripe for debunking he also gave note of the performances of wayans and kudrow saying that both these experienced comic performers understand that comedy respects no sacred cows they are merciless in their satirical routines out of respect for the truth of human behavior jonathan rosenbaum from the chicago reader said it s no masterpiece but i found it consistently good hearted and sometimes hilarious and the sparse crowd i saw it with was laughing as much as i was especially at the outrageous rap numbers entertainment weekly s lisa schwarzbaum commended the movie for being a lighter than bulworth commentary on class politics and art despite feeling disconnected from its own objects of ridicule calling it a talent stuffed assemblage of barbs and giddy musical numbers that shouldn t be written off as a feature flop but savored instead for the cult ready collection of late night satirical skits and misses it is |
sorta was funded primarily by cincinnati s city earnings tax second by fares and third by federal sources with some other minor sources this stood in contrast to other ohio transit agencies such as cota and gcrta which are primarily funded by sales tax for a sense of perspective the portion of cincinnati s earnings tax going to metro s budget was about 0 3 on may 14 2020 hamilton county voters passed issue 7 which switches the source of sorta funding to a sales tax the sales tax in hamilton county will be raised to 7 8 and the cincinnati earnings tax is eliminated the levy is projected to generate 130 million dollars a year which will be split 100 30 between metro and road infrastructure respectively the new sales tax rate went into effect on october 1 2020 |
sorta operates about 40 major fixed bus routes as well as a demand responsive paratransit service of the major routes roughly half run only at rush hours and are essentially commuter services some of them serving the reverse commute the other half operate throughout the day and some offer better frequency at the rush hours approximately 90 of all trips are made on the all day routes 10 on the express commuter routes in 2012 sorta released its schedule information in the general transit feed specification making schedules more easily available to customers |
in june 2007 duhamel moved to montreal and teamed up with craig buntin in january 2008 the pair won the bronze medal at the canadian nationals but during the exhibition buntin injured his shoulder with which he had previous problems as a result of a timing issue they missed the four continents but competed at the 2008 world championships in sweden on march 19 2008 despite the shoulder still being a problem and finished 6th however their participation aggravated buntin s injury tearing the rotator cuff the labrum and three tendons he had surgery in april and the recovery took seven to eight months they could not practice lifts until two weeks before 2008 skate america so they worked on adding variations to their elements such as a spread eagle entrance into a lift and a death spiral with the opposite hand |
duhamel radford began their final competitive season with silver at the 2017 cs autumn classic switching to the grand prix series the pair took gold at the 2017 skate canada international after ranking second in the short program and first in the free skate at the 2017 skate america they received the bronze medal after ranking first in the short and third in the free their scores at their two grand prix events qualified the pair to compete at the 2017 18 grand prix final held in december in nagoya japan they climbed from fifth after the short to obtain the bronze medal at the final |
in january duhamel radford won their seventh consecutive canadian pairs title an all time record at the 2018 canadian national championships in february they represented canada at their second winter olympics which took place in pyeongchang south korea competing in the team event they placed second in the short program and first in the free skate contributing to canada s team gold medal at 32 and 33 years old respectively they were among the oldest olympic champions in figure skating they were the only top pair to skate both segments of the team competition as individual pairs was to take place first of the individual figure skating events in the individual event duhamel radford ranked third in the short program and second in the free skate finishing in third place and earning the bronze medal they became the first pair to complete a throw quad at any winter olympic competition |
nearly 20 of the population of county galway live in the gaeltacht irish speaking districts county galway is home to the largest gaeltacht irish speaking region in ireland there are over 48 000 people living within this region which extends from galway city westwards through connemara the region consists of the following irish speaking areas galway city gaeltacht parts of the city gaeltacht cois fharraige conamara theas aran islands and duiche sheoigheach a part of the northern galway region known as joyce country and maam valley |
all schools within the gaeltacht use the irish language for classroom instruction there is also a third level constituent college of nuig called acadamh na hollscola ochta gaeilge in carraroe and carna clifden is the largest town in the region galway city is also home to ireland s only irish language theatre taibhdhearc na gaillimhe there is a strong irish language media presence in this area too which boasts the radio station raidi na gaeltachta and foinse newspaper in carraroe and national tv station tg4 in baile na habhann the aran islands are also part of the galway gaeltacht |
according to census 2016 there were 84 249 people in county galway who could speak irish according to census 2011 the galway city and county gaeltacht has a population of 48 907 of whom 30 978 say they can speak irish 23 788 can be classed as native irish speakers while 7 190 speak irish daily only within the classroom there are 3 006 attending the ten gaelscoil irish language primary schools and three gaelchol iste irish language secondary schools outside the galway gaeltacht according to the irish census 2016 there are 9 445 people in the county who identify themselves as being daily irish speakers outside the education system |
gaelic games are the most popular sport in the county galway had traditional regions in which gaelic football or hurling is played for example in south and eastern county galway in places such as portumna gort clarinbridge and athenry hurling is the dominant sport with successful teams at county and national level most of the rest of the county is considered to be footballing territory with most of the county players being from the tuam area oughterard or parts of galway city |
el dorado international airport is an international airport serving bogot colombia and its surrounding areas the airport is located mostly in the fontib n district of bogot although it partially extends into the engativ district and the municipality of funza in the western savanna province of the cundinamarca department in 2018 it served over 32 7 million passengers and 741 000 metric tons of cargo this makes el dorado the third busiest airport in latin america in terms of passenger traffic and the busiest in terms of cargo el dorado is also by far the busiest and most important airport in colombia accounting for just under half 49 of the country s air traffic |
el dorado is a hub for the colombian flag carrier avianca latam colombia satena wingo and a number of cargo companies it is owned by the government of colombia and operated by operadora aeroportuaria internacional opain a consortium composed of colombian construction and engineering firms and the swiss company flughafen z rich ag the company that operates zurich international airport the airport has been named the best airport in south america by world airport awards el dorado received four star certification and its staff was rated the best in south america by skytrax as well as achieving 42nd place in skytrax s world s top 100 airports in 2017 |
the el dorado passenger terminal was designed during the government of general gustavo rojas pinilla its construction began in 1955 and entered in service by december 1959 replacing techo international airport which had been the city s main airport since 1930 before its inauguration soledad international airport in barranquilla was the nation s air hub and was relegated to secondary importance in the country when el dorado airport opened the new terminal consisted of several taxiways maintenance platforms parking areas a cellar passenger halls mezzanine areas and other amenities its second floor consisted of the departures area with executive waiting rooms and restaurants the third floor consisted mainly of offices for the airlines and of other airport related services |
in 1973 the airport accomplished a milestone by serving nearly three million passengers and processing nearly 5 million units of luggage that year turned out to be one of the most prosperous for the industry of aviation registering high passenger growth in both domestic and international traffic then it became necessary for a second runway at el dorado with concerns that the explosive growth would lead to over congestion in the future in 1981 avianca undertook the construction of the puente a reo terminal inaugurated by president julio c sar turbay ayala to serve its high density flights from bogot to cali medell n miami and new york city in 1990 the special administrative unit of civil aeronautics aerocivil moved to the third floor in the main building during this same year the centro de estudios aeron uticos and at the east part of the airport the building for the national center for aeronavigation were constructed in 1998 the second runway was officially opened |
this allowed them to streamline their operations by using space previously assigned to customs and immigration for passenger gates and lounges the culmination of this process came in 2006 when the airline undertook extensive renovations on the building however the airline was mindful of the impending and current renovations of el dorado one possible plan will be demolishing the puente a reo terminal main terminal and old cargo buildings which will be replaced with a new mega terminal many of the renovations made to the terminal in 2006 were obviously temporary and designed to be cheap but effective for example the walkways for the new gates are simply floor tiles placed over the old tarmac and the structure is made of aluminum with plastic sheets instead of glass windows passengers must cross the lanes used by buses baggage carts and other vehicles in order to reach the aircraft once at the gate travellers must climb stairs to access the plane the norm in the 1950s and 1960s but has for many years been surpassed by jetways |