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Recent experiences of Wisconsin dairy farmers with flooding and drought, among other climatic hazards, have resulted in substantial crop losses for a farming population that is already declining because of various economic circumstances. The salience of agroclimatic hazards and responses of dairy farmers to them may well determine the long-term viability of the family farm. Two-thirds of the farmers surveyed believed that climate is changing, and one-third perceived continued experience with climatic variability as a threat to their occupation.

CROSS, JA

AGROCLIMATIC HAZARDS AND DAIRY FARMING IN WISCONSIN

Geographical Review

https://doi.org/10.2307/215453

Climate adaptation presents some new forms of planning uncertainty. We identified thirteen types of climate change uncertainty and grouped these into four categories. Next, we summarized eleven planning techniques, noting that only six of these techniques reflect an adapt and monitor approach that actively engages uncertainty. We then evaluated the types of uncertainty and planning techniques identified in forty-four US local climate adaptation plans. We found no communities used scenario planning or robust strategies despite the emphasis placed on these techniques in the literature.

Stults, M; Larsen, L

Tackling Uncertainty in US Local Climate Adaptation Planning

Journal Of Planning Education And Research

https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X18769134

Variations in the number of hot days, their frequency, intensity, and duration in Georgia are studied using observational data from 50 weather stations for the period of 1936-2013. The periods of the onset of hot days in the year and their maximum intensity in different physiographic conditions are identified. The zoning of Georgia was carried out according to the rate of changes in the number of hot days. The results enhance the understanding of climate change in Georgia under global warming conditions.

Elizbarashvili, ES; Elizbarashvili, ME; Kutaladze, NB; Elizbarashvili, SE; Chelidze, NZ

Long-term changes in the number and temperature of hot days in Georgia under global warming

Russian Meteorology And Hydrology

https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068373917100065

COVID 19 recovery path, economic growth path and climate resilient path have much in common to help in building back better for Bangladesh which experienced multiple hazards due to hydro-meteorological disasters during the pandemic year. Changing the framework around this intersection of sustainable developmental actions can strengthen the productive base of the economy which can create momentum for the attainment of equitable human wellbeing for people of Bangladesh. For successful implementation of actions updated methods, community involvement and data are the most important elements.

Roy, J; Islam, ST; Pal, I

Implementation Framework for Sustainable Development: What Matters in the Context of Bangladesh

International Energy Journal

Many urban residences are insufficiently prepared for fluvial, pluvial or coastal floods, owing to a lack of accurate information on flood risk. This article analyzes how risk communication can improve disaster risk reduction?by overcoming the expert?layperson gap. Building on interviews in three cities in the Netherlands, it applies Q methodology to identify four perspectives on flood risk communication. To promote greater private residential involvement in flood risk adaptation, communication should address all four rationalities.

Snel, KAW; Witte, PA; Hartmann, T; Geertman, SCM

More than a one-size-fits-all approach ? tailoring flood risk communication to plural residents? perspectives

Water International

https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2019.1663825

This article discusses how key risks from extreme weather events might affect progress towards meeting Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 11 in cities in developing countries. It outlines the magnitude of the existing shortfall in safe water and sanitation services, and how climate change will exacerbate existing problems. It argues that the performance of many governments thus far has lacked urgency and purpose. Unless governments in particular become more committed, with redoubled effort, the goals are unlikely to be achieved.

Horne, J; Tortajada, C; Harrington, L

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: improving water services in cities affected by extreme weather events

International Journal Of Water Resources Development

https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2018.1464902

There has been relatively little thinking about the political context of climate-adaptation policy in sub-Saharan Africa, what this means for the quality of governance, and the capacity to plan and deliver what are often quite complex policies and programmes. This is all the more surprising given the quantity and depth of what is already known about politics and governance in Africa. This article asks what can be learned from this body of knowledge and experience that is relevant for climate-adaptation policy.

Lockwood, M

What Can Climate-Adaptation Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa Learn from Research on Governance and Politics?

Development Policy Review

https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12029

Drawing from the organisational learning and governance literature, this paper assesses four internationally networked governmental and non-governmental organisations in the UK addressing climate change. We analyse how those concerned understand the climate change crisis, what mechanisms are put in place to address information flows, and what evidence there is of learning through sharing information between the organisational headquarters and their regional offices. The most striking finding is the evidence of learning that largely depends on ad-hoc informal processes and shadow networks.

Boyd, E; Osbahr, H

Responses to climate change: exploring organisational learning across internationally networked organisations for development

Environmental Education Research

https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2010.505444

. We currently face a dramatic loss of natural services, such as fish resources fertile soils, and climate regulation. In order to sustainably manage these services, the resilience approach is increasingly being put forward. The cultural presumptions of this approach frequently go unnoticed. However, they lead to both a partial organismic concept Of ecological units and a one-sided concept of a highly bounded man-nature relationship - and thus to potentially inadequate recommendations for environmental management.

Kirchhoff, T; Brand, FS; Hoheisel, D; Grimm, V

The One-Sidedness and Cultural Bias of the Resilience Approach

Gaia-Ecological Perspectives For Science And Society

https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.19.1.6

In this Notes from the Field, we highlight the work of community based organizations that filled essential gaps in the disaster recovery efforts in Puerto Rico for communities that were heavily damaged by Hurricane Maria yet received little formal government aid. We describe community mobilizing and organizing efforts and identify key lessons for eco-social work practice. As disaster risk increases with climate change, community led efforts are likely to prove vital for the effective protection of the most vulnerable population groups.

Hayward, RA; Morris, Z; Ramos, YO; Díaz, AS

Todo ha sido a pulmon: community organizing after disaster in Puerto Rico

Journal Of Community Practice

https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2019.1649776

The 21st meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Paris faced two particular challenges: the growth of civil society participation in the negotiations, and significant security concerns following the terrorist attacks on the city two weeks prior to the start of the negotiations. This report reflects on the impacts of these two challenges through an overview of civil society participation at the COP, highlighting the implications for the accountability of the negotiations.

Orr, SK

Institutional Control and Climate Change Activism at COP 21 in Paris

Global Environmental Politics

https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00363

The COVID-19 pandemic and climate change are complex existential threats, unpredictable in many ways and unprecedented in modern times. There are parallels between the scale and scope of their impacts and responses. Understanding shared drivers, coupled vulnerabilities, and criteria for effective responses will help societies worldwide prepare for the simultaneous threats of climate change and future pandemics. We summarize some shared characteristics of COVID-19 and climate change impacts and interventions and discuss key policy implications and recommendations.

Ebi, KL; Bowen, KJ; Calkins, J; Chen, MP; Huq, S; Nalau, J; Palutikof, JP; Rosenzweig, C

Interactions between two existential threats: COVID-19 and climate change

Climate Risk Management

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2021.100363

The implications of climate change for economic development strategies in developing countries are explored, in particular whether industrialization still represents a viable development strategy in the context of climate change. Synthesizing the relevant literature and drawing insights from a comparison of Chinese and Indian experiences, it is argued that industrialization still represents an effective and, to some extent, indispensable development strategy, especially for those low- and low-middle-income countries that are affected by deindustrialization.

Zhang, LY

Is industrialization still a viable development strategy for developing countries under climate change?

Climate Policy

https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2011.579263

This article contributes to the conceptual and policy debates on the relationship between climate change, security and conflict in Latin America and the Caribbean, a region that is experiencing a growing environmental and social vulnerability as a result of recurring extreme weather events and high levels of citizen insecurity. The study proposes a typology of conflicts generated by inequalities between those who cause the phenomenon, those who suffer the most, and those who should bear the costs in order to face its consequences.

Stein, A

Climate change and socio-environmental conflicts

America Latina Hoy-Revista De Ciencias Sociales

https://doi.org/10.14201/alh201879939

This article aims to analyze the legal framework for flood risk management in Austria, focusing on planning. Austria's legal basis for flood risk management is fairly complex because its federal organization involves various administrative bodies and a fragmented legal framework. Regulations are numerous, as are competencies, which poses challenges. Implementation mechanisms vary between provinces; nevertheless, provincial regulations impose basic regulations regarding the building process. Regulations concerning private protection and mitigation measures for existing buildings are, however, limited.

Rauter, M; Schindelegger, A; Fuchs, S; Thaler, T

Deconstructing the legal framework for flood protection in Austria: individual and state responsibilities from a planning perspective

Water International

https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2019.1627641

This paper presents research results on the impacts that floods can have on the people affected, thus complementing the existing data on the monetary losses liable to occur in flood events. Both datasets should be used when deciding on investment in flood defence measures. We report on research on the vulnerability of flood-affected communities to adverse health effects, and the development of an index of community vulnerability based on extensive focus-group research and secondary-source census data.

Tapsell, SM; Penning-Rowsell, EC; Tunstall, SM; Wilson, TL

Vulnerability to flooding: health and social dimensions

Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical And Engineering Sciences

https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2002.1013

The present work focuses on that Nature has become a common issue in contemporary art. The text is structured around a selection of themes as a sketch, such as Complexity, The alliance in the fight against Climate Change, Ecosophy, Eco-Social Transformation or Ecological Connection, which are meeting points between natural environment and creative concern in the artistic scene of the last decades. This selection is interwoven with examples that are explored in contemporary artistic practice.

Fernández, IA

Contemporary Art and Nature

Anales De Historia Del Arte

https://doi.org/10.5209/anha.78057

This review considers how population geographies currently contribute, and might further contribute, to understanding how populations are connected to climate change. Progress has been made in understanding the empirical and theoretical dimensions of climate change through research on the demographics of climate change, theories of vulnerability and adaptation, and frameworks concerned with risk, and governmentality. I conclude with a call to reflect upon and develop policy and activist strategies sensitive to the increasingly important role of global networks.

Bailey, AJ

Population geographies and climate change

Progress In Human Geography

https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132510383358

Resiliency to weather extremes is already a part of farming in the Northern Plains, but now climate change is adding new uncertainties. Engaging farmers on this often controversial topic can be challenging given the wide range of beliefs farmers hold about climate change. Scenario planning provides a framework for Extension and agricultural system stakeholders to come together using the latest climate science to discover robust adaptive management options, prioritize Extension programming needs, and provide an open forum for starting the discussion.

Powers, CA; Williams, T; Stowell, RR

Scenario Planning for Resilient Agricultural Systems: A Process for Engaging Controversy

Journal Of Extension

https://doi.org/10.34068/joe.59.03.05

This comparison of the effects of national approaches to encouraging local climate mitigation initiatives in four municipalities in Norway and Sweden suggests that the development of such initiatives depend not only on the comprehensiveness and ambitions of central government efforts, but more crucially on characteristics of the targeted municipalities. We argue that local coalitions of committed individuals forming implementation structures of varying cohesiveness are important for understanding variations in the effects of government programmes on the development of local mitigation initiatives.

Kasa, S; Leiren, MD; Khan, J

Central government ambitions and local commitment: climate mitigation initiatives in four municipalities in Norway and Sweden

Journal Of Environmental Planning And Management

https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2011.589649

This paper explains a Ricardian method which compares actual farmer behavior across different climates. The method incorporates farmer's adaptation because it captures the outcome of each farmer matching his behavior to local climate conditions. This paper explores a new application of the Ricardian method capturing how climate affects both the per acre value of farms and how much land is farmed. These empirical relationships are used to predict the agricultural impacts of simple climate warming scenarios.

Mendelsohn, R; Nordhaus, W; Shaw, D

Climate impacts on aggregate farm value: Accounting for adaptation

Agricultural And Forest Meteorology

https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(95)02316-X

Limitations of present assessments of climate change impacts on food supplies are addressed, and a new approach is proposed. This uses the concept of vulnerability to hunger as a point of departure. A typology of vulnerability indices is developed and several measures of vulnerability are explored using information from case studies reported in the literature and research coordinated by the author's research group. An initial synthesis of data about climate change and vulnerability to hunger is illustrated for Africa.

DOWNING, TE

VULNERABILITY TO HUNGER IN AFRICA - A CLIMATE CHANGE PERSPECTIVE

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-3780(91)90003-C

In her third and final address as President of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), Dame Professor Judith Rees outlines the importance of geography in understanding some of the problems surrounding control of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the impacts of and adaptation to climate change. Her comments are followed by a summary of the proceedings of the Society's 2015 Annual General Meeting, including reflections on 2014 activities.

Rees, J

Geography and climate change: Presidential Address and record of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) AGM 2015

Geographical Journal

https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12149

Adaptation Planning and Practices for Hawai'i Forests and Native Ecosystems What: More than 40 participants, representing federal and state government agencies, non-governmental organizations, academia, and private landholders met remotely to receive practical training in considering climate change information and identifying adaptation actions for natural resources management professionals working in forests and native Hawaiian ecosystems. When: 26 January-16 March 2021 Where: Virtual, hosted by the Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science

Longman, RJ; Peterson, CL; Baroli, M; Frazier, AG; Cook, Z; Parsons, EW; Dinan, M; Kamelamela, KL; Steele, C; Burnett, R; Swanston, C; Giardina, CP

Climate Adaptation for Tropical Island Land Stewardship Adapting a Workshop Planning Process to Hawai'i

Bulletin Of The American Meteorological Society

https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0163.1

This paper reports on investigations of two propositions. First, it is easy to overestimate the importance of climate change in the larger picture of sustainable development while at the same time underestimating the potential for climate change concerns to be a catalyst for progress toward sustainable development. Second, these imbalances in perceptions are more likely to be addressed effectively at a local scale than at a global or national scale. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wilbanks, TJ

Integrating climate change and sustainable development in a place-based context

Climate Policy

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clipol.2003.10.013

The complex and severe challenge presented by climate change has led to diverse and intense discussion about the interaction between science, society and policy. One part of this discussion has been the emergence of climate services. Although the concept is still ambiguous, such services can be defined as the production and delivery of climate related information for any kind of decision-making. The servitization concept has been championed especially by the World Meteorological Organization and the European Union.

Harjanne, A

Servitizing climate science-Institutional analysis of climate services discourse and its implications

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.06.008

We examine whether countries adapt to hurricanes. A spatially refined global tropical cyclone data set is created to test for adaptation. We find evidence of adaptation in most of the world by examining the effects of income, population density, and storm frequency on damage and fatalities. In contrast, there is no evidence of adaptation to damage in the United States, leading to a damage function which is 14 times higher than other developed (OECD) countries.

Bakkensen, LA; Mendelsohn, RO

Risk and Adaptation: Evidence from Global Hurricane Damages and Fatalities

Journal Of The Association Of Environmental And Resource Economists

https://doi.org/10.1086/685908

Although climate change has slowly emerged in academic, media and political debates as an important social issue, it might be too slow for something to change significantly before it is too late. As such, it is probably a good time for social scientists to get more involved in understanding and explaining how this entirely human affair can be tackled and how it will affect our lives. The three books reviewed here address the sociology of climate change from different perspectives.

Bradatan, C

Where do we go from here? Climate change as a human affair

International Sociology

https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580913496914

Climate change makes stringent demands on thinking about our future. We need two-sided reasoning to contend equitably with the risks of climate change and the risks of solutions. We need to differentiate the future 500 years from now and 50 years from now. This essay explores three pressing climate change issues, using both the 500-year and the 50-year time frames: sea level rise, the nuclear power solution, and fossil carbon abundance.

Socolow, R

Climate change and Destiny Studies: Creating our near and far futures

Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists

https://doi.org/10.1177/0096340215611080

Among environmental problems, climate change presents the greatest challenges to developing countries, especially island nations. Changes in climate and the resulting effects on human health call for examination of the interactions between environmental and social factors. Important in Cuba's case are soil conditions, food availability, disease burden, ecological changes, extreme weather events, water quality and rising sea levels, all in conjunction with a range of social, cultural, economic and demographic conditions.

Alonso, G; Clark, I

Cuba Confronts Climate Change

Medicc Review

The Global Framework for Climate Services formulated by the World Meteorological Organization envisages a transformative role for all the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services to provide climate services. This article discusses why it is necessary for India Meteorological Department to broaden its functions beyond the traditional hydro-meteorological focus, and what is required for it to transform to a world-class, weather-ready (already unparallel in South Asia) and climate-smart organization.

Mehajan, RK; Tewary, A; Gupta, S

Towards effective climate services: Indian context

Current Science

https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v117/i8/1274-1280

Bangladesh is generally considered to be one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, with flooding, droughts and cyclones being the most common annual disaster events. This article provides an overview of existing social-protection programmes and government policies in the context of long-term adaptation to climate change related to sudden onset disasters, and evaluates their effectiveness in addressing related vulnerabilities and promoting food security in climate-vulnerable regions in the country.

Coirolo, C; Commins, S; Haque, I; Pierce, G

Climate Change and Social Protection in Bangladesh: Are Existing Programmes Able to Address the Impacts of Climate Change?

Development Policy Review

https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12040

The current event in Germany in July 2021 clearly highlighted the necessity to adapt to the climate change effects. This paper discusses the ongoing development process of the implemented flood risk management according to the EU Floods Directive to a climate-adapted flood risk management. The need for further development, especially in the fields of operative flood protection and flood aftercare, is shown. Further, current trends such as the concept of resilience are addressed.

Rinnert, C; Schüller, A; Jüpner, R

Climate change challenge: new ideas for flood risk management

Wasserwirtschaft

Estimates of the potential effect of three different climate scenarios for world agriculture are made. The scenarios show that the impacts differ significantly among the scenarios and among countries. The direct impact of climate change on yield, the global effect on commodity prices, and the export/import status of a country are shown to determine the economic winners and losers. The trade effects and the high degree of uncertainty should be critical considerations in adaptation policies.

REILLY, J; HOHMANN, N; KANE, S

CLIMATE-CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE - WHO BENEFITS, WHO LOSES

Global Environmental Change-Human And Policy Dimensions

https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-3780(94)90019-1

An architecture of government adaptation programs is presented. Components include leadership, institutional organization, stakeholder involvement, climate change information, appropriate use of decision analysis techniques, explicit consideration of barriers to adaptation, funding for adaptation, technology development and diffusion, and adaptation research. This architecture is a useful heuristic for identifying, evaluating, and reevaluating the needs of decision makers as they improve management of climate-sensitive resources in a changing environment.

Smith, JB; Vogel, JM; Cromwell, JE

An architecture for government action on adaptation to climate change. An editorial comment

Climatic Change

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9623-1

We examine the effects of rainfall shocks on household work decisions in Brazil. We show that rural farming households increase labor supply in non-agricultural sectors during drought episodes. An additional drought month per year is associated with greater likelihood of holding more than one job, lower share of agricultural employment, and more time spent performing a secondary job. Together, these findings suggest that households alter their labor decisions to mitigate the consequences of weather shocks.

Branco, D; Féres, J

Weather Shocks and Labor Allocation: Evidence from Rural BrazilJEL codes

American Journal Of Agricultural Economics

https://doi.org/10.1111/ajae.12171

Infrastructure development is one of the areas most in need of climate-resilient and friendly investments. The COVID-19 pandemic will increase government spending in this direction. This paper demonstrates how the principles of reflexive governance are key to unlock the full potential of such investments. By establishing an adaptive and redundant institutional capacity in the provision of public services, reflexive governance can enable a successful path towards climate resilience and sustainability.

Ferrari, M

Reflexive Governance for Infrastructure Resilience and Sustainability

Sustainability

https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310224

Considering the current impacts of climate change in the study area, it is concluded that farmers need external help and support to effectively cope with changing climate and to adapt to current and future climate change. Climate plays a central role in agriculture, which is the main stay of the Rwandan economy and community livelihood. Rwanda has experienced the irregularities of rainfall but the impact of climate has no significance on crop production.

de la Paix, MJ; Anming, B; Lanhai, L; Ge, JW; Habiyaremye, G

Effects of climate change on Rwandan smallholder agriculture

African Journal Of Agricultural Research

Relationships between local and global scales deserve more attention than they have received in the global change research enterprise to date. This paper examines how and why scale matters, drawing on six basic arguments; examines the current state of the top-down global change research paradigm to evaluate the fit across relevant scale domains between global structure and local agency; and reviews current research efforts to better link the local and global scales of attention and action.

Wilbanks, TJ; Kates, RW

Global change in local places: How scale matters

Climatic Change

https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005418924748

Hurricane Sandy severely impacted the City of New York in October of 2012. The storm and its aftermath provides a window into potential opportunities for enhanced adaptation in a range of urban settings but also reveals much about the urbanization process and cities' capacity to respond to climate change. This paper examines these insights with a focus on those that might be useful for decision-makers and stakeholders in subSaharan African cities.

Solecki, W

Hurricane Sandy in New York, extreme climate events and the urbanization of climate change: perspectives in the context of sub-Saharan African cities

Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.02.007

Despite successful examples of multilevel government leadership on climate change policy, many local officials still face a variety of barriers, including low public support, low resources, and political division. But perhaps most significant is lack of public discussion about climate change. We propose deliberative framing as a strategy to open the silence, bridge political division, identify common and divergent interests and values, and thereby devise collective responses to climate change.

Romsdahl, R; Blue, G; Kirilenko, A

Action on climate change requires deliberative framing at local governance level

Climatic Change

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2240-0

In developing countries where economies and livelihoods depend largely on ecosystem services, policies for adaptation to climate change should take into account the role of these services in increasing the resilience of society. This ecosystem-based approach to adaptation was the focus of an international workshop on Adaptation to Climate Change: the role of Ecosystem Services held in November 2008 in Costa Rica. This article presents the key messages from the workshop.

Vignola, R; Locatelli, B; Martinez, C; Imbach, P

Ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change: what role for policy-makers, society and scientists?

Mitigation And Adaptation Strategies For Global Change

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-009-9193-6

The present paper argues that the costs of climate change are primarily adjustment costs. The central result is that climate change will reduce welfare whenever it occurs more rapidly than the rate at which capital stocks (interpreted broadly to include natural resource stocks) would naturally adjust through market processes. The costs of climate change can be large even when lands are close to their climatic optimum, or evenly distributed both above and below that optimum.

Quiggin, J; Horowitz, J

Costs of adjustment to climate change

Australian Journal Of Agricultural And Resource Economics

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2003.00222.x

This paper provides an overview of research into the phenomenon of whether climatic factors, such as temperature and weather-related disasters, affect the decision to migrate. As an example, we examine migration flows from 198 countries to Australia for the time span from 1980 to 2015. Our results show that temperature does not have a robust, significant effect on migration flows, while weather-related disasters do significantly affect flows to Australia.

Wesselbaum, D

The Influence of Climate on Migration

Australian Economic Review

https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12345

Based on a brief account of 1,000 years of river floods and flood management in the Dutch Rhine delta, it is argued that vulnerability to river floods depends on the complex interaction of economics, institutions, politics and, to a limited extent, climate. Response functions and thresholds for climate change impacts should take this complexity into account rather than assuming society to be constant or evolving in a straightforward manner.

Tol, RSJ; Langen, A

A concise history of Dutch river floods

Climatic Change

https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005655412478

Climate gentrification is a term that is getting more traction in both popular media and academic circles. However, little has been done to link this new paradigm to built heritage and place. This short provocation briefly explores how climate gentrification and heritage are inextricably linked, and outlines the importance of heritage to understanding how climate gentrification will shape landscapes, cities and neighborhoods in the future.

Wiggins, M

ERODING PARADIGMS Heritage in an Age of Climate Gentrification

Change Over Time-An International Journal Of Conservation And The Built Environment

https://doi.org/10.1353/cot.2018.0006

This paper considers the threat of climate change in the U.K., especially flooding, with regard to the impact that it will have on small and medium-sized enterprises and on the insurance industry itself and the role it plays. It examines the current situation facing the U.K. and then examines the responses being made to this and what can be done in the future to help resolve this issue.

Clemo, K

Preparing for climate change: Insurance and small business

Geneva Papers On Risk And Insurance-Issues And Practice

https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.gpp.2510160

Given the vulnerability of Latin American countries to extreme events of climatic and geophysical origin and the frequency of these events, how do local governments manage environmental and disaster risk reduction? This article contributes to the Latin American literature about environmental management and disaster risk reduction at the local level. Employing a comparative perspective, the article examines and explains the responses of Chilean municipalities and the role of municipal commitments and social capital.

Fernández, PV

Municipal Governance, Environmental Management and Disaster Risk Reduction in Chile

Bulletin Of Latin American Research

https://doi.org/10.1111/blar.12595

I argue that the tension between cities and nation states go through the countryside, or rural areas, at least in the U.S. Further, cities are decidedly constrained in their abilities to effectuate many of the changes associated with them: addressing climate change, economic inequality and more. What is missing is the way in which rural alienation from economic prosperity plays out politically.

Pincetl, S

The shape of Fraught - urban - rural - the nation-state: tensions and dynamics

Urban Geography

https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2018.1452400

This paper examines the vulnerabilities of three global coastal cities - Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro and Shanghai - to climate hazards. The paper highlights system characteristics that, in unique combinations, create place-based vulnerabilities to climate hazards. It describes these vulnerabilities then discusses the implications of the results for city planners and managers. A concluding section assesses some of the political obstacles to better disaster preparedness.

de Sherbinin, A; Schiller, A; Pulsipher, A

The vulnerability of global cities to climate hazards

Environment And Urbanization

https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247807076725

This paper explores the importance of adaptation to climate change impacts in urban areas. The complexity of existing and likely impacts poses unique challenges to all aspects of society, from state to polity and economy. These in turn pose methodological challenges to academic practice, demanding the integration of macro and micro perspectives and pure and applied research. The paper argues that geographers can make significant contributions to this scholarship.

Kirby, A

Urban adaptation to climate change: geographers and wicked problems

Boletin De La Asociacion De Geografos Espanoles

https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.2735

This paper describes how the University of Ibadan has sought to build greater resilience to flooding, through its response to the devastating flood in 2011. This included both structural and non-structural components, as well as measures to address the increased risk levels that climate change is bringing or may bring in the future. The paper also draws out some lessons that have wide relevance for other universities.

Adewole, IF; Agbola, SB; Kasim, OF

Building resilience to climate change impacts after the 2011 flood disaster at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Environment And Urbanization

https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247814547679

Social and ecological vulnerability to disasters and outcomes of any particular extreme event are influenced by buildup or erosion of resilience both before and after disasters occur. Resilient social-ecological. systems incorporate diverse mechanisms for living with, and learning from, change and unexpected shocks. Disaster management requires multilevel governance systems that can enhance the capacity to cope with uncertainty and surprise by mobilizing diverse sources of resilience.

Adger, WN; Hughes, TP; Folke, C; Carpenter, SR; Rockström, J

Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters

Science

https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1112122

As policymakers and stakeholders increasingly consider relative merits and complementarities of climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, it is important to improve analytical capacities to support this process. Because a single analytical approach is unlikely to fit all needs, this paper explores potentials for an integrated analytical framework that incorporates both top-down and bottom-up approaches. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wilbanks, TJ

Issues in developing a capacity for integrated analysis of mitigation and adaptation

Environmental Science & Policy

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2005.06.014

In this paper, after a review of the evolution of the literature on climate change economics in agriculture, I present some evidence of the impact of different moments of the distribution of rainfall on farmers risk aversion. It is found that while more rainfall is negatively associated with the probability of observing risk aversion, rainfall variability is positively correlated. This result highlights an important behavioural dimension of climatic factors.

Di Falco, S

Adaptation to climate change in Sub-Saharan agriculture: assessing the evidence and rethinking the drivers

European Review Of Agricultural Economics

https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbu014

Whereas the verdict is undecided about the effects of global warming on Europe's flood risks, it is clear that Europeans are becoming more exposed and vulnerable to floods. Losses are increasing dramatically, mainly because of population and capital moving into harm's way and also because of human-driven transformations of hydrological systems, including river basins and floodplains.

Mitchell, JK

European river floods in a changing world

Risk Analysis

https://doi.org/10.1111/1539-6924.00337

Fragmented governance contexts make it difficult for public bodies to direct and control climate adaptation initiatives. This paper highlights how Newcastle City Council collaborated with local partners to create a shared understanding of how a major storm could affect public services across North East England. This helped the authority to develop a business case to invest in infrastructure that will help to protect future generations from severe weather events.

Eckersley, P; England, K; Ferry, L

Sustainable development in cities: collaborating to improve urban climate resilience and develop the business case for adaptation

Public Money & Management

https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2018.1477642

Latin America is particularly susceptible to the consequences of climate change and has low insurance penetration. Urgent solutions are needed to establish a better socioeconomic framework to cope with ordinary and extraordinary losses following climate-related events. Developed countries have a role to play in mitigating these losses by sharing with developing countries their long experience in scientific research and more advanced weather and climate monitoring and forecasting.

Candel, FM

Climate change and the global insurance industry: Impacts and problems in Latin America

Geneva Papers On Risk And Insurance-Issues And Practice

https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.gpp.2510120

The growing literature on potentially-dangerous climate change is examined and research on human response to natural hazards is analyzed to develop propositions on social response pathways likely to emerge in the face of increasingly severe climate change. A typology of climate change severity is proposed and the potential for mal-adaptive responses examined. Elements of a warning system for severe climate change are briefly considered.

Travis, WR

Going to extremes: propositions on the social response to severe climate change

Climatic Change

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9661-8

This article focuses on a variant of multi-level governance and Europeanization, i.e. the transnational networking of local authorities. Focusing on local climate change policy, the article examines how transnational municipal networks (TMNs) govern in the context of multi-level European governance. We find that TMNs are networks of pioneers for pioneers.

Kern, K; Bulkeley, H

Cities, Europeanization and Multi-level Governance: Governing Climate Change through Transnational Municipal Networks

Jcms-Journal Of Common Market Studies

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2009.00806.x

The unique characteristics of Small Island Developing States and structural vulnerabilities they face in terms of development have earned them particular consideration in the development agenda. This article sheds light on some of the vulnerabilities that these countries face, making particular reference to their environmental and economic vulnerabilities. It then highlights the ambiguous role that international migration plays in the recreation of those vulnerabilities.

Julca, A; Paddison, O

Vulnerabilities and migration in Small Island Developing States in the context of climate change

Natural Hazards

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9384-1

This article explores local adaptation strategies to cope with impacts related to climate change through the analysis of two case studies in rural Mexico and El Salvador. Furthermore, the results are discussed in the context of the intersection between local responses and the role of institutional and public policy initiatives, which are crucial for structuring the effectiveness of long-term local responses.

Campos, M; Herrador, D; Manuel, C; McCall, MK

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TWO RURAL COMMUNITIES IN MEXICO AND EL SALVADOR

Boletin De La Asociacion De Geografos Espanoles

https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.1547

Resilience planning and action is limited to communities with significant technical and administrative capabilities. Engaging communities to co-produce research enables a more equitable distribution of needed tools. A national Community Resilience Extension Partnership linking scientists with place-based planners and emergency managers provides the research-to-practice infrastructure for equitable development of community resilience science and technology.

Clavin, CT; Helgeson, J; Malecha, M; Shrivastava, S

A Call for a National Community Resilience Extension Partnership to Bridge Resilience Research to Communities

Npj Urban Sustainability

https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-023-00102-3

This paper examines recent literature on achieving sustainable cities that incorporate a combined mitigation-adaptation approach towards improved urban resilience as a way of future-proofing. A multidisciplinary approach, which integrates scientific as well as ecopolitical frameworks, is found to benefit this sustainability discourse. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thornbush, M; Golubchikov, O; Bouzarovski, S

Sustainable cities targeted by combined mitigation-adaptation efforts for future-proofing

Sustainable Cities And Society

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2013.01.003

Climate change is exacerbating the extremes in hydro-meteorological events. Together with other global drivers under change - population growth, rapid urbanisation, increased asset values - this may result in increased frequencies and even higher impacts of water-related disasters. Further comprehensive actions are needed to reduce the vulnerability and to increase the resilience of exposed populations and assets.

Wieriks, K; Vlaanderen, N

Water-related disaster risk reduction: time for preventive action! Position paper of the High Level Experts and Leaders Panel (HELP) on water and disasters

Water Policy

https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.011

A vulnerability index for the Fire Service in the UK has been designed to identify vulnerable locations during episodes of severe floods. Taking recent case studies with the UK Fire Service, the patterns of vulnerability, in terms of demand on time and resources, can be explained by investigating the environmental causes and their interaction with the adaptive capacity of the response agencies.

Speakman, D

Mapping flood pressure points: assessing vulnerability of the UK Fire Service to flooding

Natural Hazards

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9145-y

This paper is a response to a recent special issue of Regional Environmental Change, Quantifying vulnerability to drought from different disciplinary perspectives (vol. 8, number 4, 2008). In this paper, we examine some of the challenges facing efforts to understand vulnerability to drought through quantification as they are manifest in some of the articles in this special issue.

Carr, ER; Kettle, NP

Commentary: the challenge of quantifying susceptibility to drought-related crisis

Regional Environmental Change

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-009-0088-6

Climate change is a new variable that may weaken the Kim Jong-il regime by disrupting North Korea's agricultural sector, leading to greater food insecurity and erosion of the state's institutions. North Korea has limited capacity to adapt to climate hazards, which could exacerbate existing stresses and push the regime into terminal decay.

Habib, B

Climate Change and Regime Perpetuation in North Korea

Asian Survey

https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2010.50.2.378

With regards to the debate about governance of climate change, it should be assumed that the Amazon region plays an important role, as this large area is highly vulnerable to its effects. In this sense, this article aims to discuss how some Amazonian municipalities of Brazil have been taking part in the complexes and multilayered processes of climate governance.

Inoue, C

Governance of global climate change in the Brazilian Amazon: the case of Amazonian municipalities of Brazil

Revista Brasileira De Politica Internacional

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-73292012000300010

Agriculture has featured prominently in the UNFCCC technical discussions but is largely absent from the formal negotiation processes. There is also a growing divide between how developed and developing countries frame solutions to the impacts of climate change on agriculture, which is limiting recognition of solutions that integrate mitigation and adaptation opportunities, such as climate-smart agriculture.

Chandra, A; McNamara, KE; Dargusch, P; Damen, B; Rioux, J; Dallinger, J; Bacudo, I

Resolving the UNFCCC divide on climate-smart agriculture

Carbon Management

https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2016.1235420

Record-breaking rainfall events are occurring more frequently in a warming climate. Impacts on lives and livelihoods disproportionately occur in traditionally underserved communities, particularly in urban areas. To influence policy and behavioral change at the community level, climate services must be developed specific to extreme rainfall events and subsequent floods in urban environments.

Hemmati, M; Kornhuber, K; Kruczkiewicz, A

Enhanced urban adaptation efforts needed to counter rising extreme rainfall risks

Npj Urban Sustainability

https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-022-00058-w

Using US county-level data from 1991 to 2015, the labour market impacts from various climate-related disasters are examined. It is found that different disasters have statistically and economically different impacts on local employment and wage. The standard economic demand-supply analysis can help to understand the heterogeneous impacts of disasters on these labour market outcomes.

Fouzia, SZ; Mu, JH; Chen, Y

Local labour market impacts of climate-related disasters: a demand-and-supply analysis

Spatial Economic Analysis

https://doi.org/10.1080/17421772.2019.1701699

Estimations of the risk from sea-level rise are often based on the amount of property inundated by water. However, risk measurements based on isolation - being cut-off from key services owing to road flooding - suggest that the impacts of sea-level rise could be more widespread and may begin earlier than anticipated.

Logan, T; Reilly, A

Risk of isolation increases the urgency and spatial extent of climate change adaptation

Nature Climate Change

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01647-y

In this reflection, I take up a variety of open questions and remaining concerns raised by the set of commentaries concerning the implications of the paper for: how we regard climate change as an issue; how knowledge systems might be changed to enable more diverse ways of knowing climate change to take root; and for its politics.

Bulkeley, H

Reflections on Navigating Climate's Human Geographies

Dialogues In Human Geography

https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820619829934

Lessons from the early literature in environmental economics are used to assess the impact of an early contributor, Ralph C. d'Arge; discuss the prospects for designing incentive-based approaches to encourage private adaptation to climate change; and comment on reforming current practices concerning benefit-cost analyses of major federal rules.

Smith, VK

Reflections-Legacies, Incentives, and Advice

Review Of Environmental Economics And Policy

https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/req009

Until computer modeling systems are able to forecast the regional impacts of a global climate change, scientists and nonscientists alike will find analogies useful for understanding how ecosystems and societies might respond to such change. But analogies must be used with care lest they be misapplied to justify a particular policy agenda.

GLANTZ, MH

THE USE OF ANALOGIES IN FORECASTING ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIETAL RESPONSES TO GLOBAL WARMING

Environment

https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1991.9931393

China's national Sponge City Program promotes the integration of green-grey-blue infrastructure for sustainable urban-water governance. However, recent record-breaking flood events have called the efficacy of the programme into question, illustrating the need for a holistic social-natural-engineering strategy to manage future climate uncertainties.

Chan, FKS; Chen, WY; Gu, XB; Peng, Y; Sang, YF

Transformation towards resilient sponge cities in China

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment

https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00251-y

[Australian history] is like a giant experiment in ecological crisis and management, sometimes a horrifying concentration of environmental damage and cultural loss; sometimes a heartening parable of hope and learning. (Griffiths 2003:16, cited in Mackinnon 2007: 73).

Golding, B; Campbell, C

Learning to be drier in the southern Murray-Darling Basin: Setting the scene for this research volume

Australian Journal Of Adult Learning

This article analyses international legal scholarship and policy developments on the climate-migration nexus through the lens of the relationship between international law and crisis. It argues that legal and policy debates on climate-related mobility reflect an oscillation between two dimensions associated with crisis narrative: catalyst and decoy.

Lauria, G

A critical appraisal of the concept of climate migration

London Review Of International Law

https://doi.org/10.1093/lril/lrab018

This Viewpoint posits that cities need to rediscover financial models that direct land use to prepare for climate change. Research into Land Value Capture is needed to identify how land values are changing in light of climate change and how land-based finance can better support cities at risk.

Dunning, RJ; Lord, A

Viewpoint: Preparing for the climate crisis: What role should land value capture play?

Land Use Policy

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104867

This paper considers the problems of flood risk management in the context of public and private insurance. It demonstrates the important role of insurance in reducing flood risk with examples from the U.K. and France. It includes a brief description of the summer 2007 floods in England.

Crichton, D

Role of insurance in reducing flood risk

Geneva Papers On Risk And Insurance-Issues And Practice

https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.gpp.2510151

Co-production is an increasingly popular approach to knowledge generation encouraged by donors and research funders. However, power dynamics between institutions in the Global North and South can, if not adequately managed, impede the effectiveness of co-production and pose risks for long-term sustainability.

Vincent, K; Carter, S; Steynor, A; Visman, E; Wågsæther, KL

Addressing power imbalances in co-production

Nature Climate Change

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00910-w

Communities want to determine their own climate change adaptation strategies, and scientists and decision-makers should listen to them - both the equity and efficacy of climate change adaptation depend on it. We outline key lessons researchers and development actors can take to support communities and learn from them.

Pisor, AC; Basurto, X; Douglass, KG; Mach, KJ; Ready, E; Tylianakis, JM; Hazel, A; Kline, MA; Kramer, KL; Lansing, JS; Moritz, M; Smaldino, PE; Thornton, TF; Jones, JH

Effective climate change adaptation means supporting community autonomy

Nature Climate Change

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01303-x

There is a paucity of research that examines the relationship between spirituality and sustainable development, including in relation to Indigenous or non-Western worldviews. This Comment argues that closer integration of spirituality and sustainability will enable more effective and sustainable strategies for future development.

Luetz, JM; Nunn, PD

Spirituality and sustainable development: an entangled and neglected relationship

Sustainability Science

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-023-01347-8

A newly forming approach to adaptation addresses a community's development needs as a way to increase the resilience of poor, vulnerable people to the impacts of climate change. Early examples of such community-based adaptation in Bangladesh highlight the successes and limitations of this approach.

Ayers, J; Forsyth, T

COMMUNITY-BASED ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: Strengthening Resilience through Development

Environment

https://doi.org/10.3200/ENV.51.4.22-31

Global interest and investment in food system transformation should be accompanied by critical analysis of its justice implications. Multiple forms of injustice, and the potential role that research might play in exacerbating these, are key considerations for those engaging with food system transformation and justice.

Whitfield, S; Apgar, M; Chabvuta, C; Challinor, A; Deering, K; Dougill, A; Gulzar, A; Kalaba, F; Lamanna, C; Manyonga, D; Naess, LO; Quinn, CH; Rosentock, TS; Sallu, SM; Schreckenberg, K; Smith, HE; Smith, R; Steward, P; Vincent, K

A framework for examining justice in food system transformations research

Nature Food

https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00304-x

During the 1980s, conservatives tied themselves in knots worrying about how to handle their man in the White House, before finally deciding to Let Reagan be Reagan. In the 2020s, progressives should Let Biden be Biden.

Revkin, A

To build climate progress on time scales that matter, Biden should be Biden

Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists

https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2020.1860327

In recent decades, India has witnessed a rapid pace of migration from areas with intensive agriculture to populated megacities, which are faced with increasing threat from climate hazards. Greater attention is needed for vulnerable new migrants who lack necessary resources when designing adaptation and mitigation policies.

Hari, V; Dharmasthala, S; Koppa, A; Karmakar, S; Kumar, R

Climate hazards are threatening vulnerable migrants in Indian megacities

Nature Climate Change

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01105-7

A shared learning model is described, in which researchers and local practitioners collaborate on climate change studies. The legacy of such partnerships is that beyond the generation of research results, practitioners may become climate change extension agents, supporting governments and businesses in responding to climate change.

Cohen, SJ

From observer to extension agent-using research experiences to enable proactive response to climate change

Climatic Change

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-010-9811-z

After Wenchuan earthquake, disaster area had extreme cold weather, in the background of Global climate change. The reconstruction dwellings were short of effective measures to deal with extreme weather. Therefore, one must consider strategies facing extremely cold weather of these reconstruction areas.

Yi, J; Pei, W; Fu, HJ

Dwelling Reconstruction Strategies facing Extreme Cold Weather after Wenchuan Earthquake

Disaster Advances

Climate hazards can compound existing stresses on the revenues and expenditures of local governments, revealing potential risks to fiscal stability. Incorporating these risks into local budgeting and strategic planning would encourage a more complete accounting of the benefits of climate adaptation and risk reduction efforts.

Gilmore, EA; Kousky, C; St Clair, T

Climate change will increase local government fiscal stress in the United States

Nature Climate Change

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01311-x

Loss and damage funds are intended to support low-income regions experiencing impacts of human-caused climate change. Currently, event attribution should only play a limited role in determining loss and damage spending, but this role could grow as the field advances.

King, AD; Grose, MR; Kimutai, J; Pinto, I; Harrington, LJ

Event attribution is not ready for a major role in loss and damage

Nature Climate Change

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01651-2

Recognition of Individual and environmental risks is crucial to alleviate damage inflicted by disasters. In particular, an awareness of floods and their health risks in patients' residences is important for patients and their healthcare professionals.

Ozaki, A; Kanemoto, Y; Wada, M; Kurokawa, T; Kawamoto, A; Sawano, T; Bhandari, D; Tsubokura, M; Tanimoto, T; Ejiri, T; Kanzaki, N

A call for individualized evacuation strategies for floods: A case report of secondary surgical site infection in a postsurgery breast cancer patient in Fukushima, Japan, following Typhoon Hagibis in 2019

Clinical Case Reports

https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.3727

As increasingly complex and optimized energy systems prepare to cope with a variety of risks including climate shocks and extreme weather events, a myopic focus on economic efficiency can significantly jeopardize critical energy services.

Jin, AS; Trump, BD; Golan, M; Hynes, W; Young, M; Linkov, I

Building resilience will require compromise on efficiency

Nature Energy

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00913-7

Decision makers need better insights about solutions to accelerate adaptation efforts. Defining the concept of solution space and revealing the forces and strategies that influence this space will enable decision makers to define pathways for adaptation action.

Haasnoot, M; Biesbroek, R; Lawrence, J; Muccione, V; Lempert, R; Glavovic, B

Defining the solution space to accelerate climate change adaptation

Regional Environmental Change

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01623-8

Developing the scientific and economic capacity to cope with climate variability in Africa would be a logical first step toward dealing with the greater development and scientific challenges of managing climate change on the continent.

Washington, R; Harrison, M; Conway, D; Black, E; Challinor, A; Grimes, D; Jones, R; Morse, A; Kay, G; Todd, M

African climate change - Taking the shorter route

Bulletin Of The American Meteorological Society

https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-87-10-1355

According to data from two Altiplano communitites, Andean farmers do not use the forecasts broadcast by national weather services ... so what forecast information of they use?

Gilles, JL; Valdivia, C

LOCAL FORECAST COMMUNICATION IN THE ALTIPLANO

Bulletin Of The American Meteorological Society

https://doi.org/10.1175/2008BAMS2183.1

A strong storm On 28 October 2013 over northern Germany and southern Denmark fits a slight increase in storminess during recent decades. However, the increase constitutes part of multidecadal variability.

von Storch, H; Feser, F; Haeseler, S; Lefebvre, C; Stendel, M

A VIOLENT MIDLATITUDE STORM IN NORTHERN GERMANY AND DENMARK, 28 OCTOBER 2013

Bulletin Of The American Meteorological Society

This article lays the foundation for this special issue on social protection and climate change, introducing and evaluating the ways in which the individual articles contribute to our understanding of the subject.

Johnson, C; Dulal, HB; Prowse, M; Krishnamurthy, K; Mitchell, T

Social Protection and Climate Change: Emerging Issues for Research, Policy and Practice

Development Policy Review

https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12036

This briefing outlines UK strategic research programmes on climate impacts and adaptation for infrastructure, the built environment and utilities over the past eight years. Future research prospects are highlighted.

Hall, JW; Street, RB

Briefing: Strategic research on climate impacts

Proceedings Of The Institution Of Civil Engineers-Engineering Sustainability

https://doi.org/10.1680/ensu.2010.163.1.7