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8895_AmericanThermosBottleCompanyLaurelHillPlant | laurel hill plant american bottle company located laurel hill section connecticut united_states includes contributing buildings contributing structures original plant built historic house company office building plant primary factory bottles manufactured plant historically significant connection history complex significant displays use industrial mill design new industry added national_register_of_historic_places nomination numerous changes renovations occurred surrounding area seen construction large manufacturing building renovated style apartments renovations northern end property require demolition buildings construct integrated day charter school completed new story addition created indoor gymnasium kitchen offices new lobby school background citizens connecticut sought company build operate plant banks group citizens group rallied community purchase acres land acre house included purchase house converted office building citizens city raised contract signed february designating home return include city company advertisements mark products produced acted attorney provided counsel deal construction plant helped employment area decline textile industry operations expanded nearby operating phased shut plant overview plant laid roughly north south orientation plant mixture buildings stand structures stand structures included sheds buildings located near building building storage shed building main structure plant string connecting buildings erected integrated production operation plant north end plant building building located connected large storage buildings building building main offices building building connected largest building connected building building building served storage building connected building number auxiliary generator building number southern end originally plant consisted company offices large manufacturing building mason house company office originally constructed story brick style house converted office building significantly modified years addition added wing connected metal products building built year story addition added addition west added additions resulted removal brick chimneys entry manufacturing building constructed stories high river stories east divided bays end building stairs elevator towers structural remains original glass house survive sub basement story extension south end building buildings originally constructed property acquired following company building department conversion building previously engineering building story frame gatehouse constructed 1920s carpenter shop building constructed factory completed construction storage building building storage building building building constructed incorporates warehouse dating construction constructed connected modern use adaptation plant set movie property partially developed project failed resulted closure thames assets acquired purchased auction held million purchase units transferred real estate seizure sales acres factory converted style apartments integrated day charter school renovated square foot section factory use school required demolition buildings serve space playground parking spaces total cost renovations estimated partly paid renovations expected completed august time school opening maximum enrollment students pre eighth grade majority children residing area nearby towns charter school application wait list holds lottery pre students time nomination plant surrounding area undergone numerous changes impacted removed buildings construction integrated day charter school removed termed outdoor gym retained sides building completed story addition created indoor gymnasium kitchen offices new lobby school cost million renovation large manufacturing building included installation new windows energy efficient installation modern mechanical electrical systems significance american bottle company historically significant primary factory production bottles allow company dominate world market historically significant example community coming attract company local industry plant primary factory bottles manufactured raw materials complex significant example century early 20th century industrial mill design adapted new industry american bottle company added national_register_of_historic_places | American Thermos Bottle Company Laurel Hill Plant | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
9276_OregonTheatre | adult movie theater richmond neighborhood southeast portland oregon theater completed originally housed pipe organ stage later screen hollywood art house spanish language films building acquired family adult cinema 1970s continues operate city longest running pornographic cinema remains owned member family cinema described creepy kind place newly developed called era referring prominence adult film screenings city 1970s status property owned family building identified investment identity site commended having attributes valued community quality architecture local ownership orientation street description history story roughly square foot designed exhibits era commercial architecture plans drafted brick exterior includes glass filled retail base double hung windows second story ornamental flat roof completion interior featured pipe organ ornate lighting fixtures attached high ceiling high backed chairs stage screen measured feet theater cost construct began operating september possibly showing building original owner subsequent owners included oregon theatre theater doors ticket office altered construction new ticket booth new church building property southeast 33rd church services held oregon theatre according organ installed radio station studios portland theater entrance including doors 1930s ticket booth immigrant family acquired ownership theater family owned cinemas including defunct demolished encore known addition hollywood films cinemas screened art house spanish language movies multi light installed aluminum adult cinema venue adult cinema 1970s success turning point leading increase number adult film screenings dozen cinemas portland rise video cable television led decline cinema attendance 2000s family sold properties owns theater continues operate city longest running pornographic cinema adult cinema theater featured single movie screen said theater showed pornographic films daily saturdays featured bisexual content described venue green leading ramp lined adult dvds indifferent demands inside dozen men seniors occupy old near total darkness reception according local film author record longest continuously operating adult cinema portland acknowledged publicly represents era referring prominence adult film screenings portland interview expressed wish theater return traditional cinema venue spared closure demolition date planning included theater investment identity site report commissioned coalition community members nearby business neighborhood associations invested economy locally owned businesses attractive invites neighbors sustainable features sensitive building identified having attributes valued community including quality architecture local ownership orientation street review theater said outing comfortable criticized venue having screen showing predominantly films publication said venue ore like actual cinema circle chicken theater creepy kind bicycle parking indoors related list portland ill advised valentine date spots course considering number adult theaters country argument piece portland history visiting wouldn different going museum second thought play safe stay away said venue place brick building surrounded newly developed multiple restaurants featured week annual restaurant guide newspaper humorous predictions street existing spaces predicted referring regional chain historic hotels music venues week wrote nation adult theaters finally market pressure space keeping historic character alive dining sticky dance floor dining bored perch called theater | Oregon Theatre | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
9503_WillowGroveParkMall | willow grove park mall willow grove park mall story shopping mall located unincorporated community pennsylvania intersection pennsylvania route mall contains stores restaurants including factory anchor stores owned willow grove park mall profitable mall philadelphia area opened site mall developed originally anchored acquired mall renovation completed added anchor sole owner mall location willow grove park mall located site previous willow grove amusement park unincorporated community pennsylvania miles north northern suburbs city mall bordered pennsylvania route road northeast southeast old welsh road southwest mall located near pennsylvania route little mile willow grove exit willow grove park mall serves transit hub bus routes route bus runs willow grove park mall route bus runs way mall route buses trips terminate willow grove park mall route bus runs bus connects mall business parks mall near station willow grove park mall market area covers eastern northeast philadelphia portions central stores willow grove park mall currently contains anchor stores largest square feet opened store located philadelphia area second largest square feet opened mall expansion largest anchor store square feet opened company reducing space square feet floor square feet space mainly second floor anchor space opened later closed space floor reopening square feet area square feet opened addition relocated story square feet forever opened small portion december lower floors space square feet store mall fourth largest anchor remaining area floor opened square feet mall smallest anchor store addition anchor stores willow grove park mall contains smaller stores including coach story victoria secret mall contains food court spaces sit restaurants friday willow grove park mall occupancy rate history current site originally popular amusement park existed announced plans build million mall site amusement park plans mall approved included anchor stores concerns residents size future mall willow grove park mall opened august mall designed victorian theme honoring amusement park developers willow grove park mall architect mall opened original anchor stores relocated mall store opened willow grove park mall intended mall sold share mall united_states million company closed store reopened relocated mall store time store selection mall target middle class closed relocated mall store mall acquired million group pension fund clients managed mall underwent major renovation included addition anchor construction square feet parking garage parking spaces adjacent food court addition floor entrance opposite food court renovation mall cost million assumed ownership acquiring share ownership million mosaic wall images installed mall created justice program designs closed acquisition parent company portion store upper floor home september lower floors planned open opened chain filing chapter bankruptcy july announced open store lower floors vacant addition announced open stores floor opened november opened forever relocated larger store site december store opened october january announced lease space irish retailer remain space level operate remainder space mainly second level november busiest shopping weekends year thanksgiving small fire broke forever store forced evacuation injuries reported evening june year old boy smoking synthetic jumped level parking garage suffering injuries economic impact willow grove park mall serves major regional attraction profitable mall philadelphia area pennsylvania philadelphia area willow grove park mall second profitable mall mall regarded successful locations retailers entering philadelphia market location store selection willow grove park mall saw sales square foot mall employed people making largest employer jobs township opening led decline retail department stores relocating area mall 1980s lord taylor store area closed eventually replaced location | Willow Grove Park Mall | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
9517_GeraldRatnerAthleticsCenter | million athletics facility university_of_chicago campus community area illinois united_states building named university_of_chicago alumnus architect suspension structure supported masts cables best known architect towers approved use september facility includes things competition gymnasium fitness facility olympic sized swimming pool dance studio meeting room space athletic department offices serves home university athletic teams hosted numerous regional conference championship events located southwest corner avenue 55th street award winning design complex external mast system interior support devices allow large open space areas inside building credited design architect architect record history ceremonial groundbreaking held center october opened public september officially dedicated homecoming weekend october building represented collaboration chicago new athletic facility university_of_chicago campus years million university wide capital improvement plan occurred plan included designed parking structure street parking structure named athletic center known innovative supported cable stayed structural system shaped roofs composed building north containing swimming pool building south containing central building containing fitness center contributed million million cost beta graduate played baseball team time university participated graduating law degree order eventually founded law firm alumnus 1930s contributed excess million fund swimming pool degrees university numerous donations including million fund athletic facilities infrastructure campus worked industrial relations personnel steel plant details building features metre yard lanes yard dimension lanes meter dimension pool configuration flexible bulkhead allows simultaneous activities pair meter diving boards pool depth ranges feet shallow end diving respectively square foot competition features seating spectators building includes fitness center fitness center facility occupies levels center plus area addition general fitness center includes dance studio classroom meeting room space permanent day locker rooms athletic department offices building features competition gym auxiliary gym available recreational users competition gym southernmost building practice game site varsity basketball wrestling recreational courts auxiliary gym accommodate indoor soccer basketball use serves home university_of_chicago basketball wrestling teams seat competition gymnasium played host building hosted swimming pool site hosted swimming gay games center available university hospital faculty staff alumni children paid membership basis registered students free university_of_chicago remaining universities united_states swimming requirement undergraduate degree program aside military service ivy league schools half dozen universities requirement swimming pool location administration lap requirement facilities available students university hospital faculty staff alumni children registered students free building complemented university predecessors henry crown field house modern incarnation field continue augment athletic facilities needs campus patrons features indoor field house include meter indoor running track courts courts room weight training equipment outdoor complex includes meter track tennis courts fields baseball american football soccer design construction employed short tons long tons steel pound roof gym supported pair foot steel masts pool roof supported masts mast composed inch diameter steel hollow structural sections filled high strength concrete arranged tapered tied column configuration german import masts united high strength steel cables total approximately feet length inclined degree angle vertical tapered composite mast supports flattened shaped roof supported cables fore stay cables cables construction masts filled pounds square inch cast place concrete innovative pumping techniques concrete totaling cubic yards large feet counteract weight roof ground masts likened external form giving elements flying buttresses gothic architecture campus architecture building said interpret gothic architecture structural exterior support design interior space receptive open natural lighting free movement roof design incorporated multi level cables structural roof members form inch deep uniformly curved roof plane roof members curved shallow support inch thick foot metal roof deck spans roof cold bent reverse curves multiple curved roof planes suspended german lock steel cables include outer layers shaped wires designed minimize water engineering masts complicated stability important overall design success suspension structure mast significantly alter cable length tension loads superstructure contrary design key successful design control foundation settlement sites natural underlying conditions stiff clay medium dense sand layer determined settlement host structure ground improvement consisting triple fluid jet performed reduce clay sand deposit provide desirable shallow foundation system site marked time ground improvement techniques employed reception facility engineering design earned awards building earned merit award category new buildings million category program building earned outstanding civil engineering achievement year award project year overall midwest construction news | Gerald Ratner Athletics Center | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
9533_Al-Rahba | spelled known translates citadel medieval arab islamic fortress syria located western banks adjacent city kilometers southeast situated atop mound elevation meters oversees syrian desert historically guarded valley described fortress fortress consists inner measuring meters protected enclosure measuring meters largely ruins today result erosion original site known ibn namesake founder located viewed muslim armies travelers key syria iraq vice versa tribes took control launching point invasions northern syria strategic location frequently fought muslim powers including local lords ibn destroyed earthquake years later current fortress built close desert edge lord descendants held hereditary granted oversaw major reconstruction early era late 13th 14th centuries fortress continuously restored strengthened result frequent important fortress administrative center terminal stop postal route fell ottoman rule early 20th century fortress primarily served shelter local flocks excavations carried site location etymology islamic history considered words 14th century traveler end iraq beginning syria fortress located kilometers southwest kilometer southwest modern syrian city kilometers southeast capital according 13th century site translates arabic flat water collects original location western bank current fortress situated artificial mound detached plateau west elevation meters sea level history ibn founding according historian hardly definite known history town muslim era medieval writers identified biblical town river medieval muslim historians written place called named monastery supposedly existed vicinity called 9th century persian historian asserts trace old city founded general ibn reign fortress town referred ibn muslim historians according syrian historian held significant strategic value key syria iraq stop syria bound coming iraq travelers armies proceed northwestward route traverse desert route damascus strategic value frequently fought rival muslim powers tribes particular main launch point invasions northern syria safe haven marketplace ibn served lord death succeeded son expelled following capture lord 10th century large town leader ibn imprisoned transferred custody time center province headquarters governor executed prompting partisans tribe submit early shortly turned forces routed ambush august following battles received round religious leaders march conquered scores inhabitants residents faced hardships years civil strife surrounding region peace established arrival certain commander named dispatched baghdad based subsequently governor valley regions period came rule years later district based time town described persian larger ancient opposite lord rebelled fled town drowned heavily damaged rebellion suppression granted favored son control district district revenues sons contested control aftermath father deposition ultimately passed son brother subordinate commander captured surprise attack walls rebuilt restored possibility enemy forming alliance undermine lost control captured inhabitants requested received governor assigned son town described late 10th century center district located edge desert having semi circular layout defended strong fortress noted wider vicinity characterized highly productive lands abundant date period early 11th century control contested preceding conflict appointed member tribe lord killed battle rivals led lost ibn victory short lived damascus soon captured fortified city northwest appointed governor returned damascus wealthy resident revolted took control town shortly departed able governor unable hold town outside support located amid crossroads regional powers town gained backing tribe conflict arose leading reconciled men captured fortified town sought support suppressing revolt opportunity kill eliminating lord allegiance major territory held establish northern syria son later succeeded principal power base advisers ministers originated later compelled hand ally turkish general revolted masters step loss loss provoked brother resolving restore revolt ultimately failed killed prompting capture april later august successfully defended advances lost vassal affiliated army allowing opportunity rout defenders afterward read town friday prayer instead formal recognition change allegiance sultan granted son muhammad period point arab allies lost ruler damascus captured towns following death possession reverted captured looted town held slave soldier sultan took control son deputy besieged town failed capture died december passed turkish named dismissed officers arrested suspicions coup renewed siege time welcomed townspeople forcing retreat citadel surrendered receiving guarantees safe passage syria according 12th century chronicler inhabitants treated reorganized administration town established garrison assigned governor tribe general sultan muhammad conquered month long siege recorded inhabitants suffered greatly siege informed weak point fortress defense return promises safety entered town sacked surrendered joined service lord din ibn besieged conquered attempted invasion syria fell ill died shortly taken left control ruled subordinate son din captured years later din brother received sponsored negotiations lords period destroyed earthquake years later din granted territories certain ibn administer behalf according 14th century historian rebuilt assertion incorrect fortress built fell state point century end case new fortress known relocated kilometers west western bank original site ibn situated died territories reverted din nephew founder conquered muslim syria syrian coast hands early 12th century granted son hereditary according era chronicler time resident fortress rebuilt grandson easternmost fortress based principal centers personally oversaw demolition ruins construction new fortress remained hands descendants years annexation period sultan replaced governor officers egypt garrison commander held high place military hierarchy fortress north emerged principal invasions syria eastern frontier important fortress traditional muslim center valley 10th century large population refugees areas ruled settled people adjacent town site ibn modern day terminal stop postal route administrative center periods situated near tribal territory joined small army egypt based dispatched recapture baghdad reached stop rode damascus campaign ultimately failed killed ambush iraq inflicted significant damage wars fortress restored point end reign syria rebelled took refuge ibn requested intervention ruler help fled incoming army fortress failure capture month long siege commanded ruler marked final attempt invade son rebelled sultan muhammad pursued army far ensuing confrontation fortress destroyed ottoman era ottomans conquered syria iraq early 16th century military use apparently diminished middle ages road important syrian desert route importance declined ottoman rule shelter nearby villages flocks visited venetian traveler noted dilapidated fortress inhabitants known living french traveler mentioned kilometres southwest fortress travels circa french traveler passed mentioning fortress ruined site excavations fortress deteriorated considerably result erosion excavations carried including presumed site ibn bank auspices syria museums later years surveys site surrounding desert valleys carried multi disciplinary teams syrian american european archaeologists french plans elevations fortress detailed architecture excavations foot fortress revealed medieval settlement enclosure walls measured meters long meters high walls generally thickness meter unearthed structures probable remains khan mosque small cavalry barracks system canals brought fresh water emptied sewage artifacts found fortress settlement beneath pottery coins numerous feather belonging arrows left ongoing syrian civil war looting illegal digging occurred affected areas include fortress storage rooms medieval settlement foot architecture specifications components citadel described historian fortress fortress core consists story pentagon shaped roughly measuring meters enclosed pentagon shaped wall roughly measuring meters outer wall shape described triangle parallel angles having substituted short curtain walls artificial mound fortress sits moat depth meters width meters moat considerably deeper era desert fortresses large makes lowest floor built external walls fortress western southeastern sides contained largest largest measuring meters smallest meters supported heavy defensive artillery height surpassed towers probably forts locations isolated hills state art defensive artillery according contrast enemy siege engines placed close level fortress smallest northern vulnerable wall measures meters external walls fitted positioned meters higher counterparts external wall establish secondary defensive line enabled building defenders shoot arrows attackers breached external walls core building linked external fortifications corridors chambers construction phases large parts building ruins excavations determined went construction phases probably starting early period phase utilized different architectural techniques fortification concepts phases affected entire extent building time common theme phases restoration strengthening western southeastern sides faced desert plateau exposed areas fortress contrast northern facing population centers remained largely unchanged phase saw walls built common feature area structures shape building initial phase determined size likely corresponded current building small northern wall dates phase second phase construction added twice size northern new placed citadel faced desert west builders second phase reinforced walls roughly cut blocks fixed high quality mortar phase higher quality western curtain wall elevated southwestern curtain wall replaced decorated bands arabic inscriptions addition large brick dome built atop ground level chamber northwestern external walls fortress reached final form phase later decades fourth phase low lying casemates added western southwestern provide additional platform defenders use walls particularly eastern reinforced fifth phase attributes efforts contemporaries strengthen fortresses syria building technique phase likely necessitated significant funds equipment technical expertise changes including southeastern tower rebuilt northeastern tower reinforced additional wall vaulted story northern slope outer wall strengthened built large blocks building center erected phase likely replacing older structure courtyard major building phase sixth saw restoration eastern western external walls severely damaged northeastern smaller eastern western built masonry fifth phase reused reconstruction new limestone materials seventh eighth phases consisted western external walls | Al-Rahba | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
9746_ToyotaCenter | indoor arena located downtown houston texas named japanese automobile manufacturer toyota arena home national_basketball_association principal users building home houston rockets owner began request new arena attempted release rockets lease summit ran denied arena owner owner wanted control new arena sides agreed equal control arena deal signed proposal rejected city voters referendum city rockets signed amended agreement excluding proposal accepted construction began july new arena officially opened october total costs million city houston paying majority rockets paying enhancements toyota paid million naming rights history texas sports teams including houston rockets proposed legislation state tax revenue build new arenas bill failed rockets owner announced continue study possibility constructing new arena downtown houston saying year old summit arena outdated profitable summit management said building small cost new arena rockets began talks city houston possible location arena negotiated summit owner release contract summit ran negotiations continued panel appointed houston mayor reported building new arena essential pro sports houston watson rejected contract proposal million rockets filed legal challenge lease stating need able buy lease city houston filed force rockets stay summit saying rockets honor contract incentive honor new agreement city houston play new downtown sports arena validity lease eventually upheld april announced rockets watson agree share control new arena equally lose access altogether parties agreed terms bill authorized increased taxes pay new arena signed law july governor decided consider houston location expansion team new arena said referendum november rockets began appeal january court order stay summit dropped felt new arena ready time finished lease january recently elected mayor guaranteed referendum issue end year months negotiating harris county houston sports authority rockets finalized deal pay half constructions costs referendum set november deal approved brown watson started opposition group referendum saying arena houston interest november results referendum announced arena proposal rejected voters alexander said thought lose devastated loss vote nba commissioner said new building think certain team relocated planned meet rockets nba season ended rockets began talk cities relocation resumed talks february rockets continued negotiate louisville kentucky funding plan arena houston released june final agreement proposed july rockets mayor brown agreed terms city council approved deal proposal placed november referendum ballot leading vote rockets stressed new taxes kind opponents said new arena raise energy consumption contended public pay costs arena contributions campaign arena included donations total loans contributions rockets said force campaign november arena approved voters construction according agreement signed city houston bought land arena adjoining parking garage near paid selling bonds borrowing million designed square foot building contracted build arena building owned demolished way arena streets closed duration construction groundbreaking ceremony held july construction continued months request alexander arena built feet street level fans walk stairs reach seats sink arena million spent cubic yards dirt months largest excavation houston history concrete poured foundation summer structural work began october roof set december work continued inside peak workforce september ribbon cutting ceremony held mark official opening arena total cost construction million city paying million rockets adding million additions enhancements arena interior arena seat basketball ice hockey concerts price seats rockets game new arena raised compared prices team old home upper deck seat prices lowered luxury club seats sections rockets sections rockets feature concessions extra wide seats private bar featuring premium wine selections service adjacent space toyota garage connected arena private accessed suite court club seat holders additionally floor level features separate private club access court seat holders floor seat concert west floor level located east floor level feature amenities including multiple flat screen private bar seating pool tables court feature numerous private court features located lower level south arena restaurant features huge dining room private bar twin bottle wine towers views arena floor manages concession services arena offers fast food main catering restaurant suite club seat holders alexander personally chose colors restaurant help customers feel warm comfortable rockets president said rockets looked relationship people attend events venue originally feet feet video system main replay screens color displays hung ceiling arena highest resolution display north american sports facility installed larger panel similar installed stadium measuring feet feet feet feet ends making largest video board indoor arena larger installed debut houston rockets season opener arena additional displays located end court state art audio system new season designed implemented network deployed arena allows high speed internet access events implementation timed ready nba stars game sponsorship july arena named toyota agreed pay million naming rights fourth largest deal sports arena united_states time logo company placed roof building prominent places inside arena company given dominant presence commercials shown broadcasts games played arena seating capacity seating capacity basketball games follows present events arena event concert october rockets game toyota center october year total attendance events arena exceeded million arena winner civic rookie year award harlem finalist best new concert venue award current attendance concert held arena set november played sold crowd tour record basketball game set march defeated rockets girl group performed toyota center august tour beyoncé solo artist performed arena times july july world tour july december carter world tour beyoncé born houston september american singer songwriter performed arena time 24th september performed arena 21st february truth love tour lady_gaga performed arena time monster ball tour performed performed world tour ball july cyrus performed arena previously performing arena best november cyrus performed total sold nights arena played host event arena hosted 9th annual latin grammy awards november held induction ceremony night took place stadium held wwe vengeance wwe times september arena hosted wwe night champions august played host houston concerts taken place like prince astronaut tour janet_jackson madonna tour red hot muse rihanna christina_aguilera high school musical concert guns roses katy_perry drake britney_spears kanye_west jay-z successful rolling_stones direction tour february played host event event featured double main event featuring light live attendance record near gate toyota center making largest attended history held toyota center held conference draws people multiple gatherings held atlanta | Toyota Center | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
9877_TheSt.James | james james luxury residential skyscraper west philadelphia pennsylvania united_states feet story high rise stands 12th tallest building philadelphia chicago style glass concrete skyscraper incorporated design historic 19th century buildings lined buildings included federal style built called york row style headquarters built lying vacant neglected years preserved portion building demolished rest incorporated retail office space attempted develop site delayed lack investor confidence project philadelphia residential market improved late 1990s joint venture began construction november high rise building completed features units studio apartments having private balcony amenities include feet swimming pool private courtyard story parking garage makes base building history headquarters york row site james occupied group historic 19th century buildings lined washington square west neighborhood philadelphia pennsylvania notable headquarters designed granite faced style building second headquarters building built construction began building june opened business october addition designed added designed building served headquarters company moved market street buildings group brick story called york row built federal style early example speculative housing development built time philadelphia population shifting westward away buildings bought million real estate investor fortune buying improving selling run properties announced planned turn building personal headquarters add glass enclosed ballroom planned apartment houses like owned buildings ended left vacant neglected target homeless died january developer announced agreement buy properties estate developer disclosed plans build luxury residential tower site plan called additions headquarters serve tower lobby york row houses completely demolished plan controversial wanted buildings remain unchanged met representatives february advanced new plan preserve headquarters facade new plan approved included headquarters converting restaurant office space york row building interiors stripped fireplace mantle restored instead preserve facade houses roof ridge line construction announcement project stalled unable find investors finance project investors skeptical luxury residential apartments outside square neighborhood successful delay allowed developer announce agreement acquire property march chicago based developer announced plan build story unit luxury residential tower plan incorporate headquarters building tower end 1990s philadelphia experiencing boom office manufacturing buildings converted rental apartments residential market growing found financing going partnership real estate firm fund planned residential tower time ended intentions site sold interest property tower announced unit luxury rental tower called named adjacent street high rise incorporate preservation efforts 19th century buildings agreed received final approval city board historical commission august continued seek financing able secure september develop tower called formed represented undisclosed client financial backing partners tax breaks new residential construction passed construction began november philadelphia based awarded construction project philadelphia seen residential high rise development 1980s james begin construction city preceded story residences broke ground largest residential building city beginning march percent units james leased construction completed later month finishing touches added later year march year building completed announced james sale time percent units rented sold interest building year building james story high rise luxury residential skyscraper feet tall 12th tallest building philadelphia million chicago style high rise designed assistance architectural firm located 8th street james street stands blocks independence hall glass concrete skyscraper east west facade split curved wall squared wing strip blue glass separates contains square feet residential commercial space includes square feet office space square feet retail space square feet residential space residential units feature feet ceilings floor ceiling windows building features pipe heating air conditioning system unit studio apartments private balcony building amenities include 11th floor health club feet swimming pool floors house private parking building residents street level retail floor occupied restaurant incorporated york row houses rest buildings demolished main tower set feet preserve row original look rear wing headquarters building incorporated tower demolished portion building converted hidden courtyard residents critical york row houses preserved calling vice president felt saving preserve essence buildings better cotton said level philadelphia human scale beauty philadelphia lots feet allowed door windows big building demolition philadelphia_inquirer architecture critic critical parking garage lower floors saying crisp vertical lines historic buildings garage makes tower feel distant life city james won awards including awards | The St. James | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
9894_UnitedStatesNationalBankBuilding | building located downtown portland oregon listed national_register_of_historic_places designed famed portland architect roman classical style story building section facing sixth avenue completed opened extension westward broadway approximately doubling size constructed building occupied half city block features story high order columns eastern end originally principal façade extensive use interior decorated extensively highly materials building constructed ultimately retail banking division operates years building opening continues serve bank main portland branch history predecessor present day established portland opening business february following decades bank experienced significant growth better competitors later acquired competing portland banks including acquisition moved headquarters larger space occupied building located stark streets downtown portland 1910s bank space firm purchased quarter block land northwest corner sixth stark streets early hired portland architect design new dedicated headquarters building construction began completed building opened public july building extends block stark street entrances 6th avenue broadway originally faced 6th street 6th avenue extended halfway broadway source says bank purchased building occupied quarter block immediately west organization allow bank building expanded west broadway preparing new building downtown originally new story building planned site bank ultimately decided expand existing building keeping design height new section shortly demolition old building early construction bank building expansion began new section opened doubling building size adding entrance broadway hired oversee expansion helped ensure new section replicate style original section possible making expanded building look built single structure stages separated years year acquired established financial institution pacific_northwest acquisition largest financial institution north san_francisco west minneapolis purchased wells building known porter building office building located directly adjacent immediately north expand downtown portland headquarters changed bank operating branches time announced plans major expansion headquarters property acquired wells building entire block bounded 5th 6th avenues oak streets acquired existing buildings razed replaced new buildings seven story building completed headline structure tower story building opened having bank long term site plans ultimately delayed 1980s notwithstanding major expansion firm continued use landmark building company president article called jewel banking property article wrote vintage sixth avenue retains nearly original features inside rare trait portland landmarks honored year longstanding commitment maintaining building nearly original condition building added national_register_of_historic_places serving bank main branch end owned newly formed holding company provides consumer banking years opening built expanded original continues serve main branch portland description exterior building stories tall including level expansion occupies foot area north stark street sixth avenue broadway eastern façade facing sixth avenue features columns height support topped large richly decorated roman decorations include lion heads columns far left right ends façade vertical bays separated piers window openings set cast bronze frames windows second floor level topped cast bronze entrance central bays originally central entrance features pair large bronze doors highly decorated relief panels surrounded detailed including eagle doorway bronze relief panels cast replacing door panels early greek roman coins design motif designed depict noble concepts american life knowledge service domestic welfare progress direction designed bronze relief panels building western façade built overall exterior design modeled closely bank building headquarters new_york_city southern façade stark street long features line window bays frames cast iron fourth floor windows design similar eastern end stark street includes entrance present located far corner building position approximately midway stark street following expansion building west end constructed years later facing broadway façade similar eastern main body building extends corners lot instead width columns center line eastern façade columns topped capitals building exposed sides difference eastern façade western façade inscribed central section place decoration building opposite end ornamental bronze flank central entrance features relief panels cast bronze designed panels western entrance depict pivotal events historical development interior ground floor holds main banking room portland branch grand room measuring feet foot ceilings interior extensively decorated highly materials square columns polished marble topped capitals incorporate eagle motif line sides main public space ceiling detailed marble floor patterned windows divided marble pillars detailed floor runs north south sides columns bank basement public space marble floor fourth floors office space centered courtyard fourth floor offices based designs incorporated oregon custom bank board room located floor includes marble fireplace stained glass windows noted portland company room walls covered dark ornamental lighting fixtures brass wall east west ends room bronze ring hangs center immediate surroundings east end stands directly 6th avenue designed bank building aforementioned building style contrasts sharply classical design northbound portland transit mall passes building east end mall construction plain concrete resurfaced brick street trees added max light rail trains passed building east end 6th avenue following rebuilding transit mall general december national_park_service retrieved specific | United States National Bank Building | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
10297_BrookeStreetPier | street pier street pier floating building cove waterfront area city constructed cost million weighs tonnes long tons australia largest floating building completion connected shore near base street primarily ferry terminal architect described tourism transport hub history pier street existed 1820s earliest renovation record occurred dimensions time pier known monarch pier unlike larger piers northern end street pier piers vicinity capability large volumes cargo require overhead cranes 1960s piers replaced small tourist cruise vessels larger companies providing services originally operating street pier number ferry passenger increased old pier unable withstand increase traffic ferry operator suggested pier fall river government tasmania twice called expressions interest private sector street pier successful consortium named included proposal included multiple including hotel design considered character cove area january announced cancellation hotel proposal second attempt came development application lodged april june state federal governments agreed contribute million redevelopment project commencement announced december construction construction started april ferry manufacturer based prince wales bay november partially completed structure weighing long tons towed river positioned final location anchored sea bed cables structure long wide levels tall concrete basement level sits water surface includes services kitchen facilities storage toilets heating cooling systems water levels enclosed semi translucent injected creating skin keeping structure light possible contains led lights gives pier glowing effect evening environmental considerations taken account designing building include natural light passive heating heating cooling system constant temperature sea water floating structure affected rises sea level roof design intended fit buildings cove including elizabeth street pier cruise terminal based historic use area freight port facilities pier primarily ferry terminal key tenants operator ferry public space market area tourism operators suppliers produce dairy wine outside ferry operating hours terminal level event space people largest permanent tenant restaurant run featuring head chef hosts cafe bar bright eyes run owners trade selling products include pier offers free patrons visiting terminal | Brooke Street Pier | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
10437_DanielS.SchanckObservatory | astronomical observatory new_brunswick new_jersey united_states located george street near corner hamilton street car park northwest old queens geology hall story building observatory designed architect tower winds athens built named new_york_city businessman donated large portion funds construct equip observatory outfitted scientific equipment donated observatory served university astronomical observatory provide instruction students nineteenth early twentieth century observatory use 1960s included national_register_of_historic_places building renovated history architecture use named new_jersey sole land grant college provided federal funding act development engineering scientific agricultural military education previously college curriculum focused classics liberal arts professor mathematics natural philosophy astronomy proposed building school astronomical observatory college president board trustees college fourth building cost construction equipment amounted donated new_york_city businessman roots new_jersey alumnus college convinced donate approached friends college years later son college scientific course earn bachelor degree trustees hired architect provided plan small story octagonal building designed tower winds century structure located athens greece housed ancient water clock observatory constructed painted brick wood entrance porch floor steps featured small entrance porch columns corners flat wall equipped observatory inch circle inch object glass transit observations clock mean solar clock repeating circle instruments equipment donated private individuals college literary societies dedicated june address given alumnus prominent attorney years later installed associate justice supreme_court united_states observatory instruction students early twentieth century fell use physics astronomy professor indicated observatory accurately measured time precise measurements transit sun later years trees grew building light pollution introduced street lights neighboring parking deck building longer observation university astronomy department operates modern observatory robert astronomical observatory located roof built houses meter installed extant buildings university oldest buildings included national_register_of_historic_places building fell disrepair equipment damaged acts vandalism unknown persons illegally entered building stole key components restoration observatory building new_jersey completed | Daniel S. Schanck Observatory | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
10662_WalesMillenniumCentre | wales millennium centre welsh arts centre located cardiff wales site covers total area acres phase building opened weekend november phase opened january inaugural concert centre hosted performances opera ballet comedy musicals centre comprises large theatre smaller halls shops bars restaurants houses national orchestra opera dance theatre literature companies total arts organisations residence home cardiff bay visitor centre main theatre gordon theatre seats bbc hall lord appointed chairman company limited guarantee board members include sir background failed cardiff bay opera house project centre replaced earlier project site cardiff bay opera house plan supported construct permanent home project failed win financial support body distributed funds national lottery international design competition attracted international applicants won iraq born architect avant garde design radical selection applicants asked submit revised designs second round competition won dazzling complex sharp lines surfaces compared inverted necklace december decided lottery money funding project suggested bid failed unpopular conservative government fear controversy favouring funding projects perceived populist millennium stadium origins wales millennium centre cardiff bay project rejected new project conceived included opera felt better reflection welsh culture change project overcome funding took years obtain buy land previous owners property division threatened build retail centre delays given large donations south african businessman loan international bank million donation split evenly spread years believed largest single private donation arts phase gordon theatre addition main theatres gordon theatre square metre phase function rooms victor room david morgan room japan room accommodations people overnight suite called city performance teaching space retractable seats building includes rehearsal rooms orchestral facilities dance studios called blue room seating bars level level level restaurant situated coffee shop ice cream wine bar free performances place day design construction centre designed local practice taken providing acoustic design building engineer concept drawings early design starting look like building today construction began february main contractor sir contractor theatre contractors included foundations glass steel slate wood door furniture glass walls architect concept building building expressed instantly building designed reflect different parts wales local welsh materials dominate history slate metal wood glass materials come wales centre built tonnes welsh slate concrete blocks million metres electric cable slate exterior building clad multi coloured slate collected welsh slate narrow windows built layers slate impression rock strata depict different stone layers sea cliffs purple slate came blue cwt green grey quarry black quarry loved going thought cliffs looked like building building capable weather hundreds years older better look wondered possible building qualities magnificent cliffs needed lot stone normal stone buildings specially cut blocks takes long time costs fortune north wales historic slate industry left mountains waste stone wants stone cut nearly years wasn good roof thrown away ideal making walls like mind architect centre main feature bronze coloured dome covers clad steel treated copper designed withstand weather conditions waterfront look increasingly better age architect decided use copper aluminium change colour age weather conditions know steel making important south wales slate making changed landscape north use special type steel won near salt laden maritime air steel near thought important materials natural texture instantly seeing distance reason felt important steel shell rough grain pattern think typical old industrial structures commonplace landscape industrial south architect inside outside building including main rear building dominated bands hardwood lining walls like exterior building principal internal spaces designed best use natural materials natural state structure detail galleries echo form exterior curving strata formed native oak ash beech birch chestnut cherry woods sources mid wales proportions reflect relative availability forest design galleries intended evoke image edge forest partly coastal nature exterior partly edge forest folklore mythology represents line real world magical world line resembles edge theatre stage form trees created gallery edges random positioning supporting columns architect incorporate bands slate glass thick cut installed glass contemporary british architectural style glass curtain said glass veins external walls use conventional glass unique way sheets glass stacked fused form solid blocks inscribed dome main entrance poetic lines written welsh poet welsh english languages lettering formed windows upstairs bar areas internally illuminated night idea monumental inscription comes roman classical architecture romans brought christianity islands custom stone form celtic cross embodies cross indigenous roman cultures welsh nation emerged monumental inscription familiar feature roman architecture inscription entrance revival classical tradition recognition formative influence roman culture nation lucky languages share half world belongs words songs stories poems helped wales proud country architect said inscription wanted words reflect architecture building copper dome reminded wales industrial heritage early poet received inspiration suggests poetic inspiration general creative vision people societies form aspirations important english words building simply translation welsh message strata slate frontage reminded sea traditionally cardiff means welsh export best world route world comes cardiff stones inside theatre literally sing opera musicals orchestral music wanted convey sense international space created art music lewis stones sing orchestral work composed commissioned opening centre opening weekend ceremony building officially opened weekend november ceremony organised creative director opening weekend day november day started speech chairman declared crowd proceedings way followed speech minister stressed new arts centre belonged nation people wales elite building opened young mother barry chosen 40th birthday coincided opening day human chain delivered symbolic key designed cast fanfare wales specially commissioned work centre open evening celebrations began world celebrated achievements leading welsh artists represented daughter included tributes concert directed conducted started short speech introduced singers dancers hard hats jackets sang danced story construction building later joined participants chorus including hughes jones sang duet performed new ballet based works performed final scene new home evening ranged musical types popular classical day november second day open door public explore centre continuous stream people filling building early morning fireworks display day november final day opening weekend began arrival queen elizabeth_ii met minister marked event unveiling plaque men aloud artists entertained audience act second act opened later entertained audience ended celebrations phase bay bbc phase centre home bbc bbc moved studio broadcasting house orchestra late 1960s phase opened january inaugural concert performed bbc conducted phase includes bbc welsh bbc known simply hall named late welsh classical composer august march named welsh composer february february centre education outreach work phase space practice rooms music library backstage facilities provides storey office space wales millennium centre design construction original plans centre concert hall final design phase include space left concert hall built future phase centre opened construction phase begin early construction phase actually begin april phase designed fit centre curved slate frontage upper constructed timber phase centre designed newly qualified capita architecture called capita thomas providing acoustic design main contractor sir responsible design installation mechanical electrical public health services building project included said building exterior building designed keeping existing wales millennium centre interior theme concept design interior hall traditional welsh chapel timber treatment low level reminiscent victorian masonry stonework normally stone chapel replaced concrete design construction period project phase construction phase began april ended keys building handed official ceremony september beginning fitting opening festival commemorate opening inaugural concert took place january opening festival took place january february concert performed conducted concert included world premiere orchestra composer association took bbc officially opened january unveiled plaque resident organisations home arts organisations literature wales welsh national literature promotion agency previously known dance company theatre company promotes community work aiming bring people ages providing educational touch movement people profound disabilities information centre amateur professional musicians including welsh amateur music federation composers wales welsh league youth welsh language youth movement international touring opera company wales professional national symphony orchestra wales body responsible funding developing arts wales home cardiff bay visitor centre corporate financing total cost phase project million provided million million came wales million donated addition private investor south african businessman donated million shared equally centre received million loan remaining funds project came major sponsorship deal today centre corporations public bodies provide sponsorship centre announced november pay outstanding loan million increase annual funding april wales given grant million years repay capital debt ongoing operating loss centre remains profitable money pay debt came funds assembly previous budget said minister heritage new money allocation come expense art projects parts wales cost phase project approximately million bbc building leased years subsidiary building built subsidiary sir enterprises ltd funded scheme november announced begin phase project project won local cardiff company sweet phase project involved new corporate logo second phase included complete redesign marketing tools advertisements popular culture doctor centre numerous appearances film television including doctor modern era produced locally appeared seven times date outside episode boom town momentarily end episode bad wolf lobby hospital lobby far future episode new earth girl waited appeared briefly episodes stolen earth final episode series time lords spin series headquarters known hub set underneath water tower frontage featuring heavily jones jones jones november record breaking attempt gather people surname jones took place centre banner filmed television record broken filling gordon theatre previous record set sweden people gathered surname second series filmed centre supposed airport | Wales Millennium Centre | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
10786_PetersenRockGarden | known rock garden museum acres located cities bend oregon united_states danish immigrant settled early 1900s began constructing garden rocks found mile radius family home constructed detailed miniature castles churches small buildings monuments variety rock types incorporated design elements bridges water features natural landscaping worked garden death garden remained family care garden considered attraction novelty architecture includes museum gift shop sells rocks named oregon endangered places oregon known restore oregon accidental damage stone bridges contractor effort document garden laser scanning technologies garden closed temporarily undergo repair review listing national_register_of_historic_places praised creative work garden received positive reception local significance listing achieved october description considered attraction eclectic novelty architecture located miles miles north bend miles south contains dozens detailed miniature buildings including castles churches cottages constructed lava wood acre grounds contain small museum gift shop sells rocks including crystals fossils museum features room miniature castles constructed glow dark open day closing time varies depending season admission adults self pay stations member history danish immigrant settled early 1900s age began constructing rock garden grounds family home eccentric farmer rocks found mile radius attempted evoke native country designs created monuments united_states including concrete american flag foot replica statue liberty incorporated design elements bridges water features lily ponds streams natural landscaping worked garden death garden remained family care bronze plaque statue liberty replica reads enjoy later think known mid-1950s height supported traffic old bend highway garden drew approximately visitors year garden managed owned grand family struggled maintain dozens sculptures garden named oregon endangered places oregon known restore oregon program raises awareness state historic treasures need advocacy support save demise according league deteriorating garden needed maintenance business plan publicity campaign ensure funds available overcome vandalism theft condition issues contractor accidentally damaged stone bridges effort document garden laser scanning technologies portland based company measured archived site data allowing potential future rebuilding match original construction garden closed february undergo repair review listing national_register_of_historic_places family volunteers worked nearly months restore grounds cleanup process included removal dead vegetation estate sale included items death hosted grand reopening opening attended members sang blessed garden considered opening cafe grounds turning family home bed breakfast friend family assisted restoration envisioned museum reorganization small host outdoor concerts events additional rock sculptures mimicking style added national_register_of_historic_places october reception according photographer following description garden 1940s photo album special collections miniature castles picturesque beautiful grounds pictured sic place bend oregon tell stories visitor grounds carefully heart fail read strange stories told ancient stones construction look twice bit wood remnant great forest flourished examine banded rock carefully bit hatched old oregon feel cool surface glass like rocks volcanic glasses melted fires trace growth rings bit tell story weather born oceans swept beaches elevated oregon mountains enjoy rock gardens stories rocks attracted visitors world wrote work half century old amazing oregon considers garden real gem local significance unique expression mid century architecture described fledged rock fantasy rock garden end rock gardens funky museum online magazine west_coast club called garden imaginative work garden inspired oregon resident construct rock sculptures following visit early 1980s built nearly dozen castles home relocated daughter house located miles west route released music video song don know bout love filmed rock garden | Petersen Rock Garden | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
10904_BallardCarnegieLibrary | known historic library neighborhood seattle washington library library 1860s eventually gave way reading room organized funded women group grant funds new library independent city created library building located market street downtown opened public june notable major branch seattle public library system seattle annexed employing african american seattle service newer modern facility replaced sale old library building housed variety private commercial enterprises including antique shop restaurant manufacturer nominated recognition seattle architect listed national_register_of_historic_places history late 1860s new settlement edge salmon bay named helped create library later women began raising money new reading room avenue moved expanded times different locations having decided build proper library established library board city applied philanthropist library grant help costs construction new library library built lot feet square purchased raised local businesses citizens supported earlier fundraising book collections women union grant construction completed building included features seat auditorium men smoking room later converted reading room construction work executed chain gang initially library books waiting completion grand opening provided local residents schools gift construction cover initial costs new books citizens donate books new facility expand collection took control library annexed neighboring city seattle government early scandinavian immigrants pacific_northwest particular use new facility area strong historical presence scandinavian people early library existence entrance book count number book passed arrival world war home community activities information war provided red_cross english language classes world war african american seattle assigned library seattle voters approved municipal bond replace considered inadequate impractical library eventually shut new larger public library built area building antique store cited reasons closure sale library building expert claims building survive earthquake seattle numerous instances building fact survived building today building owned husband library home french restaurant april building home consulting providing legal marketing services mental health professionals march building home root health center offering therapy nutrition mental health counseling medicine creative writing services area market street library building located areas seattle quickly rising land value compared growing seattle neighborhood affected building city seattle city landmark status despite status structure risk new development building occupied pub | Ballard Carnegie Library | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
10943_HistoricMichiganBoulevardDistrict | historic michigan boulevard district historic district loop community area chicago illinois united_states encompassing michigan avenue 11th south street numbering system south depending source north named nearby designated chicago landmark february district includes numerous significant buildings michigan avenue facing addition section michigan avenue includes point recognized end route district world best known sided streets fifth avenue new_york_city lies immediately south michigan historic district east loop retail historic district history michigan avenue named lake michigan ran alongside east city street numbering system land grant park lake park pushed shoreline east sided street feature large legal battles city cleaning park removing structures ward opposed development public buildings eventually ward ideas adopted plan chicago called light air outlook street frontage preservation view inspired architects create architectural designs point michigan avenue currently called michigan boulevard prior great chicago fire street officially known michigan boulevard referred recently 1920s especially magnificent mile referred upper paris boulevard saint original district changed years architectural designs evolved compliment boulevard widened causing lions guarding entrance feet time michigan avenue intersection end route known route center time boulevard streets crossing extending eastward jackson intersection intersection true opened increased traffic connecting boulevard magnificent mile community north quarter mile north district installed highly visible route center today streets cross michigan avenue district addition northern southern crossing streets change names cross michigan eastbound south eastbound south way east congress parkway south crosses east south change names crosses michigan today today building eastern michigan avenue hosts interesting structures added northern eastern michigan avenue millennium park crown fountain current end historic marker located michigan avenue district mark official end route illinois traverse michigan avenue created blocks real estate michigan avenue lake michigan shoreline fountain relocated longer easily seen michigan avenue current issues today trend properties constructing grand towers historic structures michigan avenues parallel street block west recent examples heritage millennium park legacy millennium park story tower proposed building redevelopment trend proposed demolition way eighty story tower millennium park result building listed watch list hand concerned landmark district designation development area purpose designation architecture encourage architecture like wall park according new uses ongoing concerns neighborhood buildings renovated present future district buildings district buildings listed played prominent role cultural history chicago chicago history city hosted united_states presidential conventions american cities hosted 20th century president contributed phrase smoke filled room american political debuted october home moving orchestra hall gave famous speech auditorium nominated president united_states independent auditorium hosted grateful dead auditorium building considered milestone development modern architecture serves city official reception venue mayor chicago welcomed presidents royalty diplomats community leaders according eighth visited cultural institution chicago area visitors interior includes ornate bronze stained glass designed fine art museum known american art north south chicago landmark national historic landmark national register historic places | Historic Michigan Boulevard District | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
10994_ChicagoSpire | skyscraper project lake shore drive chicago illinois failed financially beginning construction originally proposed july design stories included hotel topped broadcast antenna mast design spanish architect chicago developer project march initial design building passed unanimously day meeting court ruling november brought close original development plan extended litigation year old project developer signed property location project biggest announced build planning building originally proposed july chicago developer project stories include hotel topped tall broadcast antenna mast march initial design building passed unanimously day meeting march happened city meeting march chicago city council approved design approval process council passed measure raised height limit structures site accommodate foot design height second tallest building entire world surpassed surpassed tower tallest structure tallest building building designed spanish architect developed athletic owner inc widespread support original design building residents immediate neighborhood city chicago partly building block sunlight obscure skyline lower buildings land originally chicago mayor said approved design stating environmentally friendly 42nd ward building announced said unique opportunity city chicago building belongs chicago chicago opposition neighborhood residents originated concerns increased congestion immediately voiced opposition building stating tall structure target terrorists viable project opposing comment developing tower chicago tower completed construction january blocks west chicago site built planned replaced tallest residential structure united_states towers direct competition selling residential units development initial financial problems months development failed obtain sufficient financing construction building irish developer executive chairman inc acquired land took project announced equity unable financial backing acquire land lacked stated consider services development paid unspecified sum involvement deal far later renamed project shortly going north lake shore drive longer project new designs final quarter development issued separate press releases construction design november press release stated construction begin june early december development issued press release stating design building revised included removal hotel antenna mast making building consist solely units design change altered twist consolidated base building wider original plan additionally longer tapered resulting increase floor space overall floor count revision removed separate parking structure original plan instead incorporating underground parking major redesign criticized architectural critics city officials late december chicago_tribune reported developer opinions revision community leaders weeks following report chicago_tribune held exclusive interview architect lead developer interview drew design ideas restoring rotating design building showcasing vision lobby march revisions shown public presentation showcasing recent design approval following march public presentation residents showed favorable reaction newest design approved final plans april chicago committee approved tower april approved final design marketing june sold units half foreign investors markets certain regulations apply announced september building sold manufacturer offered rent units guaranteed return spur sales approach common outside united_states tower marketed heavily meant spur sales smallest units likely purchased rental property investments foreigners financial crisis suspension construction october recession beginning affect project construction suspended tower architect placed million construction site stating paid work months primary project brink financial collapse bank stocks lost nearly value facing bank dire financial situation development forced suspend construction eventually pay million usd borrowed additional litigation threatened project autumn owner chicago sued development sales office extensive modeling units installed lawsuit alleged usd lease payments addition listed property filed lawsuit million usd lawsuit attempt collect sum unpaid loans initial construction chicago site setbacks announced late discussing potential million usd land loan retire loan pay outstanding restart work exchange making construction completely union job lack construction sluggish economy chicago unions desperate find work employees faced near unemployment construction provided approximately time jobs union members years construction resumed addition million usd invested personally project backup financing unspecified unknown source form capital bridge loans guaranteed kicked automatically million usd loan secured weeks official announcement searching union major labor union investment funds declined offer loans continued search financing development faced offices 50th floor owed unpaid rent earlier year chicago sales office ejected nearby nbc tower october filed million lawsuit claiming loans development company default year bank expected possession site end year courts handed control site receiver leaving project time dead addition chicago firms purchased tax certificates property failure reorganization plan end project site sale ireland interest resumed drawing half dozen offers property bankruptcy ruling october end march obtain approval reorganization plan considering bid control property hope skyscraper actually built february sought court approval offer million intended project emergence bankruptcy deadline august having court approved reorganization plan hearing march announced reached agreement plan project creditors including bought project debt assuming project finds funding satisfy agreement said building built control project developer intention building building planned prior suspension construction october developer failed required payment related midwest related filed suit turn deed property november signed property location lake shore drive related midwest president said related midwest build location skyscraper constructed lake shore drive chicago waterfront west navy pier northeast loop neighborhood community area site junction bordered slip north east south existing residential property west site originally story buildings originally sold joint venture chicago virginia million numerous short term extensions later failure obtain financing purchased land instead pledged finance rest project park project announced pledged assist development city proposed park property park cover acres million budget planned renovation march pledged pay million development park making deficit left city initial pledge million far exceeding initial offer pledge jumped million soil tests performed december soil proposed park showed contamination radioactive operated location nearby closing location 1930s contaminated soil dumped location proposed park march stated clean land incomplete hazards contamination avoided laying minimum inches concrete affected soil approach feasible site adjacent park chicago park district received funding site radioactive soil shipping site summer park district website reported completed september architecture designs inspired themes designs nature tall twisting skyscraper likened structure imaginary smoke spiral coming near lit native americans indigenous area related building newly designed pinnacle graceful rotating forms shell standing feet transformed growing chicago skyline plans tower included building stories rotated degrees total degree rotation february prices announced ranging million usd supplemental structural support floor surrounded corners concave sides similar tower observation decks design included community room floor offering residents view states design soaring story lobby skyscraper included translucent glass walls framed steel reinforced concrete building described giant drill bit public media likened tall twisting tree blade grass curved design offered major benefits structure building curved designs found sweden tend add strength structure similar principle past curved stadium roofs addition structural support curved face exterior minimize wind forces rectangular buildings fluid wind flow puts pressure face building air moves applied face causes sway tall buildings usually partially structure dynamic wind curved design completely wind forces tapering concrete core shear walls planned counteract remaining wind load additionally designed world class sustainable engineering practices meet leadership energy environmental design gold recognition sustainable features included recycled river water cooling sensitive glass protect migratory birds intelligent building management systems waste storage recycling management monitored outdoor air delivery construction following city approval announced construction begin summer work scheduled begin early june designated staging area construction tower sales center opened january september developer announced construction continuing building pace construction slowed financial markets recovered mortgage crisis promised financial backing analysts questioned ability project survive current economic decline contractor build building superstructure named october edition wall_street_journal said building foundation complete ground construction continue markets recover underground phase crane parts construction equipment arrived site june following day development officially announced construction contract preparation construction concrete steel feet bedrock underground completed june feet diameter feet depth installed create work environment later acted foundation building core utility upgrades planned surrounding neighborhood images | Chicago Spire | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
11019_Ambler'sTexacoGasStation | known historic filling station located intersection old route village dwight illinois united_states station identified longest operating gas station route fuel continuous years station good example domestic style gas station derives common names ownership different men north station extant operated commercial subject major restoration work reopened route visitor center added history located intersection route illinois route dwight illinois united_states built property originally owned gas station longer operation filling station closed held record longest operating gas station historic route station gasoline station leased known years purchased station sold owned station ownership longest owner historically significant period result station known longer owner time building nomination national_register_of_historic_places grew living hanging station began working station year employment began sold station sold station ran station changed hands bought station march year took operation station suddenly stopped supplying location gasoline contracted brand change accompanied change station known years operated station wife time purchase closing station couple leased building auto repair shop eventually donated building village dwight project restore old gas station began village dwight applied received federal cost share grant grant required village present matching funds grant restoration ultimate goal reopen station rest stop center historic roadway restoration combined grant village funded restoration included door window roof repairs interior exterior matched station 1940s color scheme april national_park_service presented plaque commemorating restoration project station early restoration completed reopened visitor center following restoration station evokes 1940s interior complete tiny bottle antique dwight lumber route advertising inside old cash register old bottles stamp book restored station owned village dwight architecture built common gas station style known house canopy style domestic style style developed ohio consisted small house like building attached canopy canopy extended pumps protect customers weather style meant evoke feelings home comfort travelers turn people ease buying goods station story building basement originally consisted house canopy portion gas pumps house main office portion station includes interior office men women men accessed interior office women accessed outside door south building original ladies sign wall entrance entire house section station feet feet exterior building wood sided save garage bay area concrete block bay built world war material shortages forced use differing building material building wooden roof covered asphalt extends station canopy canopy supporting piers originally altered building original construction original pumps replaced 1960s era marathon pumps display service bay marathon change resulted sign attached roof service bay read marathon sign longer extant located property north station foot foot wood clad wooden frame building housed commercial exact dates operation unknown believed established member family 1930s business small pond located feet east property operators cut ice pond stored building sale ceased operation date unknown building storage shed gas station building features double wall stuffed walls provide wooden roof asphalt listing lists building contributing property significance building good example house canopy style architectural commercial significance nominated national_register_of_historic_places october listed november commercially station significant services products provided travelers route including fuel oil automobile repairs gas station met criteria listed form requirements adding gas stations listing order gas stations route illinois qualify listing clear connection raise feelings associated early traffic tourism route gas station listed architecture good example architectural style type details design location convey connection historic appearance route | Ambler's Texaco Gas Station | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
11119_ChasePromenade | open air tree lined pedestrian walkway opened july millennium park located loop community area chicago illinois united_states possible gift acres exhibitions festivals family events private hosted revealing chicago aerial portrait photo exhibition paintings zero exhibition cornerstone plan centennial celebration details lying lake michigan east loop west chicago yard mid-19th century northwest corner north monroe street east michigan avenue south street west columbus drive rail yards parking lots available development city millennium park today millennium park trails navy pier chicago tourist attraction spans park street north monroe street south sections year available private rental permanent tent anchors year round past exhibitions city host festivals exhibitions aerial portrait displayed june october exhibit featured images chicago metropolitan area taken flights occurred march august seasons year photographer says photographs taken helicopter preferred method travel hot air balloon chicago usually shoot balloon chicago_tribune art critic noted mark installation hosted smaller limited pieces bit tightly felt served better forum left artist choose wider range pieces february february millennium park hosted winter celebration called event featured exhibition located artist entitled paintings zero exhibition centerpiece abstract artwork surface ice panels measured feet addition ice wall painting painted surface celebration fifth anniversary millennium park 100th anniversary include temporary privately funded located south end feature information highlighting implications chicago present future display june october | Chase Promenade | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
11171_SchulzeBakingCompanyPlant | company plant factory building located illinois united_states located described 55th street avenue community area built building listed national_register_of_historic_places november originally built home building features exterior ornamentation pays tribute original reinforced concrete early 21st century building fell state disrepair developer stated building reuse following years data center location function building located western edge section hosted prominent businesses area suffered economic decay crime significant remaining businesses old occupied building according currently functions processing site original historical function processing site company signature bread formed starting company eventually business chicago largest wholesale business entity according form formed records claim historical accounts chicago claim president started brothers interstate company history confirms beginning prior construction plant company plants city chicago general offices street chicago loop 1910s company extensive legal battles protecting sold control company announced formation interstate merger western los_angeles form western continued maintain separate companies interstate umbrella formally interstate went operate small architecture building white structure designed walls storeys high building featured blue lettering ornamentation building uses windows grouped complement ornamentation allusion themes nature purity ornamentation considered abstract modern company apron manufactured columbus ohio lengthy low industrial complex extends northward main story building structure flat concrete slab floor way reinforcement designed support pounds square inch kpa dimensions building feet inches feet composed floor space feet inches feet second floor inches thick feet inches square surrounding column inches thick late building showing signs wear disrepair neglect missing building numerous walkway protect falling debris loss wall wood beams degree angles addition building graffiti markings developer stated february rehabilitation plant data center called schedule operation reuse project allegedly involved investment million | Schulze Baking Company Plant | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
11229_Art'sAuto | historic service station avenue rhode_island single story brick structure flat roof series towers capped pointed roofs built automotive service station time gasoline producers competed shape style service stations station stations known survive period state facade dramatic presentation square towers topped roofs corners projecting round bay center topped conical roof windows bay flanks currently building office art auto listed national_register_of_historic_places design constructed stands triangular lot avenue intersecting street street forming busy intersection rhode_island built service station single story brick structure measuring feet feet interior exterior building divided distinct sections original office sales display area measuring feet deep rear area feet deep division corners marked square turret like piers roofs capped single scaled ball projecting center southwest facade circular tower sided conical roof large ball building large display windows comprise majority facade topped false roof rear division devoid architectural ornamentation consisting flat metal roof house garage service station time nomination overhead garage door allows access vehicles concrete floor service area building likely removed later renovations use originally gas station abandoned slated demolition acquired buildings historic nature better understood decided try preserve property time listing historic register property state advertising interesting best preserved early 20th century service station rhode_island local attempt preserve historic sites unique organizations existed nationally goal use save sites destruction vacant property later purchased use lawyer auto dealer purchased property purchased ground surveyed ensure gas tanks removed mortgage finance company operated location building continued retain historic features significance historically significant significant rare surviving type novelty gas station constructed phase america highly mobile designed specific forms marketing automobile service stations design intended capture attention motorists likely capitalized positive imagery design art auto service center building rare surviving examples dedicated service station displaying designs described second generation service stations way building design represents goal promoting image familiarity reliability building listed national_register_of_historic_places | Art's Auto | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
11348_PolonnaruwaVatadage | ancient structure dating believed built reign hold tooth reign hold bowl relics given structure great significance importance time located ancient city best preserved example country described ultimate development type architecture abandoned centuries excavation work began built protection small structure stone platforms decorated elaborate stone carvings lower platform entered single entrance facing north second platform accessed facing cardinal points upper platform surrounded brick wall contains statues seated facing entrances concentric rows stone columns positioned presumably support wooden roof entire structure decorated stone carvings carvings considered best examples architectural features archaeologists suggested wooden roof theory disputed history theories vary archaeologists historians built theory suggests built reign 12th century ancient chronicle mentions built circular stone shrine hold tooth archaeologist believed shrine contradicted ancient sources island including mention built according studies arthur renovated existing building additions entrance outer porch translated ancient historian agree theory nearby stone inscription set lists constructions claims built generals direction unique feature architecture ancient sri_lanka built protection small important built ground shrine built tooth possibility bowl relics important objects ancient culture significant buildings country ended invasion appears abandoned fall kingdom mention chronicles later periods began excavation work site bell noted mound earth time location appearance located area known ancient city contains oldest sacred monuments city occupies south western area prominent structure best preserved example country somewhat similar design belonging period especially building built small base diameter feet inches levels lower platform raised upper platform contains upper platform feet diameter lower feet lower platform feet inches ground level upper platform feet inches lower circular lower platform entered single entrance northern constructed lead upper platform surrounded brick wall edge entrances oriented cardinal directions center platform occupied statues seated facing entrances statues feet high seated stone seats height feet inches concentric rows stone columns existed upper platform rows remain brick wall row outside inner row consisted columns middle row outer row existing stone columns outer ring feet height architecture employing citizens construction repairing works ancient sri_lanka form tax payment labour construction quality works indicate task carried skilled architecture type structures peak period considered ultimate development striking features structure elaborate stone carvings northern entrance guard stone eastern entrance considered best examples architectural features belonging period elements commonly placed entrances monastic buildings ancient sri_lanka historians believe depict cycle buddhism according bell carvings sides upper platform probably buddhist shrine ceylon straight symmetrical stone columns found similar seen buildings period foot column carved shape lotus flower suggested stone columns supported wooden roof widely accepted nails roof tiles found excavations support theory roof stone columns hang lamps buddhist symbols brick wall platform considerably preserved state parts broken thick feet inches presumably constructed protect sides evidence inner surface wall adorned paintings lower portion covered stone panels carvings flower design wall upper platform decorated carvings lower platform statues depict carved solid rock intact today parts remain middle appears bubble shaped design commonly seen sri_lanka upper destroyed dome shaped lower remains rings found base traditional | Polonnaruwa Vatadage | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
11580_VictoriaRooms,Bristol | bristol victoria rooms known rooms houses music department bristol england prominent site junction building originally assembly rooms designed constructed greek revival style named honour queen_victoria throne previous year column entrance classical relief sculpture designed construction dressed stonework slate roof bronze statue erected victoria rooms curved pool sculptures art style victoria rooms contain seat auditorium lecture theatre rooms rehearsal rooms recording studio performed victoria rooms venue important assemblies including commemorate opening anniversary discovery north_america meetings led establishment bristol early congress homes building purchased given home student union circa spent brief period cinema following fire building refurbished university remained base student union purpose built facilities opened queens road 1960s exhibition conference centre housing music department remain use 21st century concerts exhibitions plays lectures building victoria rooms known colloquially rooms situated junction queen road road bristol occupying finest sites according visitor guide bristol architectural history described key building prominent intersection building designed assembly rooms foundation stone laid 19th birthday queen_victoria honour building named building works greek revival style incorporating feet tall completed constructed dressed stone work steps leading roof slate sloping ramps built allow passage carriages building blind attic columns relief carving attributed depicting wisdom morning followed according adds main hall following fire previous year design interior described particularly remarkable new regard design interior hall described descriptive history bristol decorated greek theme match exterior building describes sculpture car driven apollo accompanied hours sculpture writing explains revealing created sculpture plaster paris model watson architecture building described english_heritage product european trends time moving away roman design designated english_heritage grade listed building inside main entrance leads octagonal room cast iron balcony ceiling main auditorium correspondent described ingenious central heating system consisting cast iron heated circulated air half cwt kilograms welsh hours kept interior building higher external temperature interior mid-20th century period plaster decorations remain regency room main auditorium housed large organ originally built removed cathedral victoria rooms july decided replace electric organ played keyboard considerable distance organ organ built played october december fire started stage great hall auditorium quickly spreading times reported brigades able prevent fire extending recreation rooms fine electric organ completely destroyed 21st century building houses seat auditorium rehearsal rooms auditorium approximately square metres adjacent lecture theatre square metres room square metres purpose built composition recording studios regular use research creation works facilities include bar common rooms resource centre practice rooms building originally surrounded iron shown 19th century photographs longer possibly removed second world war nationwide scrap drive memorial statue designed executed erected victoria rooms curved pool lamps steps ornamental lions sculptures art style previously guarded building removed new works statue regarded fine examples work listed interesting feature water flow controlled days pressure reduced order water blow adjacent roadway history victoria rooms opened building begun cost money raised body conservative citizens artists known performed numerous private subscription balls held rooms competition organised assembly rooms mall rivalry disputes promoters accusations prejudice uses included public demonstration electric lighting bristol scene large celebrate opening celebrations anniversary discovery north_america june victoria rooms hosted meeting promote described bristol educational institution existed predecessor institution gained meeting attended president sir later lord meeting described partial success gained support members influential family known chocolate business set grandfather developed father lawyer later liberal member parliament constituency congress held rooms early twentieth century local organisers victoria rooms host homes invited rooms purchased original private company wealthy local industrialist sir given university house students union appears university briefly leased building use situated march local photographer took photograph seats priced victoria rooms remained base student union purpose built facility constructed nearby queen road building conference exhibition centre hosting occasional concerts building housed incarnation founded hands science centre precursor bristol moved victoria rooms venue 21st century regular programme concerts theatrical performances lectures conferences serving similar purpose building constructed nineteenth century | Victoria Rooms, Bristol | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
11639_ParliamentHouse(Malta) | malta meaning new parliament meeting place located malta building constructed designs included building new city gate converting ruins open air theatre construction generated considerable controversy mainly modern design building cost construction amounted million meeting place chamber palace palace converted new parliament meetings held opening purpose built site located near city gate entrance building located adjacent ruins opposite city gate shopping arcade site presently occupied originally built houses later station malta railway area bombarded world war station surrounding buildings demolished 1960s project entrance area converted open space known freedom square surrounded shopping arcade square plain commonly car park design construction planning building meant entrance project consisted demolition fourth city gate freedom square arcade construction fifth city gate addition ruins converted open air theatre known city gate project designed italian architect plans revealed june paid piano million work project critical reception building rest city gate project controversial critics considered unnecessary project proposing restore fort saint large dilapidated palaces city converting parliament building fraction cost constructing new building argued square built open spaces attacked modern design structure including labour called ugly building built building design precisely system compared cheese general public design contrasts rest went far questioning city title building caught attention telegraph buildings structures featured potentially best worst building year construction demolition arcades freedom square began october excavation works foundations began soon demolition complete early original plan modified relocation staircase extension blocks changes design facade construction started later year steel frame structure complete early point began covered limestone cut specific shapes italy sent malta workers construction site day cost million build completion date project originally given november early estimated completion date extended september later september contractors failed meet building complete end eventually completed inauguration officially inaugurated president members parliament guests gathered old chamber walked new building accompanied police force band called inauguration milestone malta parliamentary history purpose built parliament building malta sitting held later day building closed security reasons permanent exhibition ground floor open public august piano visited time inauguration structure consists blocks connected bridges houses chamber parliament blocks separate obscure views saint james republic street block floors structure consists steel frame clad limestone stone carved way eroded nature zero building heat energy recovered given mass rock heat cool building avoiding cooling towers boilers | Parliament House (Malta) | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
11644_RegencySquare,Brighton | brighton large early 19th century residential development brighton british city brighton conceived speculative developer brighton underwent rapid transformation fishing village fashionable resort sided set piece houses associated structures designed built year period brighton important regency era architects partnership son site originally field times military camp mentioned location square prestigious high class development attracting social elite square gradually lost prestige status world war hotels started square central garden originally private council owned publicly accessible underground car park built beneath buildings square designated listed buildings blocks houses listed grade second highest designation residential buildings war memorial nearby inn set outside given lower grade status house southwest corner numbered built regency square grade history field regency square built fields surrounding fishing village predecessor modern day brighton field named field probably connection long vanished lay west village field ran popular site travelling shows military gatherings field contained known owned marked map shown dated stood field march dragged miles nearby village preston erected renamed demolished machinery owners nearby painting displayed shows crowds people watching mill removal preston late 18th century brighton known begun develop popular fashionable seaside resort field important growing town response increased military threat france man military brighton established camp quickly gained reputation place women find partners setting novel pride prejudice written published heroine sister invited brighton later marries army officer camp moved site returning use gradually lost popularity abandoned moved level large grass inland north old builds square years later field common ownership acquired businessman time brighton popularity commissioning architects builders design lay large scale sea facing residential developments attract wealthy long term visitors permanent residents thriving square new developed work started square decided follow trend new direction divided plots leased individually strict place demanding house built specific style order ensure architectural harmony return private builders right buy end houses larger average town excellent sea views exclusive access large central garden bought houses soon advantage money ongoing responsibility buildings restrictions included requirement erect façade iron balcony clad area balcony paint façade years repair damage pay maintenance central garden applied balcony line documentary evidence confirming architects sources attribute regency square buildings father son partnership moved brighton nearby brighton important architects extremely prolific responsible defining developing town distinctive regency style worked extensively fellow architect 1820s historians agree involved overall design regency square early stages buildings appear lack distinctive flair impressive town estate east brighton men involved later houses work senior building work started continued square numbers complete long construction period affected design hoped fact building plots sold individually different times strict force owners designing identical houses regency built northeast corner connect square neighbouring development russell square built time contemporary known regency tavern faced regency square church anglican chapel ease designed style local place worship bands played square central garden southern end square residents upset designed built opposite square central garden entrance affected sea views little residents worry 1880s time unusually set year time limit granting december residents lose rights use gardens things residents led solicitor unrelated brighton born architect attempted unsuccessfully purchase gardens extend act parliament years later passing brighton improvement act achieved aims took ownership gardens signed new deeds confirming wished relating houses extended indefinitely 20th century beginning regency square prestigious high class development considered brighton best sea facing squares mid-20th century houses hotels early surface level car park planned owned central garden changed space underground car park created cut cover method garden dug car park roof constructed restored foot storey residential block built land immediately east square criticised affecting character square contrasting style height early 1970s hotels sought permission erect neon signs advertising negotiation brighton wide conservation group formed corporation square surrounding area conservation area conservation area status gives council control planning permission changes buildings street furniture especially respect effect character appearance area original conservation area enlarged twice present size acres architecture buildings square designated listed building blocks houses listed grade buildings including set given lower grade status house south west corner numbered built regency square grade grade parts square plus listed october west listed parts houses numbers sixteen houses number number northern central section numbers forms listing east numbers listed grade apart listings include iron attached exterior numbers regency square listed grade august rest square houses listed grade august separate listings numbers listings numbers include attached listing numbers includes carriage arch small block flats stands southeast corner square built architecture firm replace hotel considered good architectural historian grade listings regency square storey houses double bow fronts considered detailing brighton houses era number home social reformer year stay commemorated blue plaque built brick painted house basement window ground floors arched set classical style columns form bay windows height continuous storeys offset right second floors floor windows sit curved cast iron balcony style canopy supported decorative house floor small flat arched windows centre window sits small supported regency square sixteen houses form greater square west differences height detail individual houses designed time maintain longstanding tradition developed speculative enterprises town london numbers entirely number retains original yellow brick upper façade houses painted brick upper storeys ground floors roofs style laid slate house windows numbers inclusive rise storeys seven houses storey shorter houses number single bay window form number windows floor entrance reached form columns arch headed set small cast iron run terrace floor level number lost houses canopy style nearly continuous absent numbers spans terrace houses second houses coloured glass non standard details include decorative number circular motifs decorated classical style ornamentation porch original window guards iron blocked doorway flanked number original windows regency square houses arranged sea facing north form wings flanking house focal point square forming kind palace topped displaying regency square prominent black lettering described feature accent pull square terrace composition end wings formed numbers storeys tall upwards form small central section numbers storeys built yellow brick topped inscribed numbers rising storeys forming link central outer sections numbers window range single window houses running height façade terminating circular entrance order house cast iron balcony floor level decoration ground floor level regency square east regency square consistent west numbers designed symmetrical composition houses centre stand forward slightly prominent house storeys single bay window ground floors common features include ground floor style flat arched arched cast iron floor level number canopy windows numbers windows slate roofs regency square houses designed single composition effect lost numbers storeys number storeys windows rises decorated number house porch straight headed door numbers floor number balcony houses ones east height bows number unique retaining original yellow brick façade regency square seven houses symmetrical composition middle set forward tall topped shallow like rest east houses flat arched doors round headed ground floors bay windows topped number narrow canopy sits floor window spans width terrace floor level slightly houses end numbers pairs windows king road designed fitted fitted early 20th century ground floor housed restaurant contemporary round headed entrance king road elevation supported columns patterned ornamentation including panel inscribed building storeys windows facing king road sea window range regency square slate topped thin cast iron balcony right hand east façade height bay window window regency square elevation light height bay window windows blocked grade listings regency square numbers regency square northwest corner square short road leading preston street include building number corner street absorbed house built number regency square attributed bow fronted houses built number preston street storeys facing west street alongside porch decoration arched doorway regency square south façade blocked windows second floor level houses facing regency square storeys number attic storey brick faced painted house chimney slate roof entrance staircase iron ground floor single bay window storey iron balcony floor level roof numbers windows cut regency square numbers regency square run alongside northeast contemporary houses northwest corner believed designed carriage arch runs numbers numbers numbers houses form approximately symmetrical arrangement viewed south house clad brick number slate covered roofs houses rise storeys windows number bay windows floor ground floor space taken carriage arch houses house balcony topped cases regency square number regency square stands partly square partly opposite regency tavern storey faced cottage windows floor fourth wing east flat roof sits ground floor broad single window flanked decorative panels runs storeys projects forward right aligned entrance regency square number regency square narrow corner numbers regency tavern storeys single window range ornamentation ground floor wide arched window prominent 20th century alteration banded rise level broken second floor level small balcony window round arch decoration thin topped capitals form leaves regency square numbers regency square believed buildings completed probably involved design noticeably different rest square single bay window storeys topped supported capitals house number doorway straight headed houses round arched entrances war memorial memorial commemorating members died second boer war stands south end regency square garden facing king road sea erected takes form square pedestal topped originally portland stone bronze bronze parts obscured bronze stands local architect sir designed memorial sculpted memorial unveiling ceremony conducted 1st october regency tavern main façade faces north leading russell square window range wall facing regency square windows storeys frontage original augmented modern iron columns windows original floor regency square elevation join second floor window directly panels windows north facing windows tall rises cast iron outside listed grade erected mid-19th century length local founder december broken replaced smaller plain instead causing controversy locally social aspects regency square prestigious high class development attracting social elite square gradually lost prestige status world war hotels started mid-20th century houses hotels world war air raid shelters built square underground car park built beneath number regency square later known numbered historically interesting house square designed duke laid interior house important social venues brighton death born actress married banker inherited fortune died england richest woman courted men met married 9th duke regular visitors brighton moved permanently regency square renamed seven years venue lavish balls hundreds upper class guests extensive displays duke grand england house adjacent riding school supposedly second largest interior space second largest dome england cathedral respectively occupies site famous characters paid visit regency square end 19th century lover lord crashed horse carriage gardens local newspapers reported story interest dismissed accident importance possibly allusion best known plays 1930s regency square dwellings converted hotels guest houses individually house occupies numbers dwellings north hotel occupies numbers number numbers numbers occupy west square hotels north regency number prince regent number artist residence number george guest house number east number number numbers number number homeless operated brighton people close late servicemen | Regency Square, Brighton | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
11672_ÉdificePrice | price english price building floor originally skyscraper canada built amid controversy ltd tallest building historical district oldest canada building property municipal administration leased placement memorial attached building location official residence premier quebec occupies upper floors history having inherited prosperous death father sir decided build new headquarters company find liking saint street time quebec main financial district decided saint anne street close design floor building awarded ross prestigious firm architects based montreal city eager demonstrate progressive gave project despite heavy criticism administration proving unable protect historic area building replaced historic houses sources conflict exactly construction started cites june says construction permit delivered december construction began june gives years building cornerstone bears inscription reading stone laid october sources agree construction rapid building finished year inaugurated completed successfully building turned little extravagant nail coffin great depression pushed company brink bankruptcy price family lost control company fortune restoration work undertaken 1950s 60s interior building acquired city quebec largely civil engineering division echoing similar situation new_york_city extension soon long term lease placed price building management real estate arm placement extensive renovation began lasted included addition extra floors inside terrace 16th floor installation elevators 16th 17th floor premier quebec official residence high end psychiatric clinic occupied floor building administration strongly affirmed timing premier installation complete coincidence july walker walked metres 13th floor building 15th floor celebrations anniversary construction heavily criticized 1920s showed intention relocating company operations original business centre monumental construction perceived proportion mixed commercial residential area buildings exceeded floors criticism continued construction years later city council passed law limiting building heights old town feet size exceeded building time seven floor building considered architectural monument capital defining element city skyline project construction project major skyscraper area began attracting criticism parallels major controversies surrounded price construction drawn architecture price despite original criticism considered integrated surroundings adapted lot metres wide floors corporate space constitute premier suite mechanical floor leads conflicting numbers quoted floors variously reported compounded fact extra floors visible outside building elevators freight elevator provide access floors price constructed art style time neighbouring extension completed years earlier design uses setbacks gradually floor area yielding typical elongated wedding cake shape contributes reducing loads building visual impact city skyline upper setbacks later build building deeper wide appears viewed reminiscent finnish art architect work stylistic opposite buildings city construction widens gets taller geometric motifs carved price building stone especially levels building topped classical specifically copper roof final composition showing influences main exterior decorative themes topped palm motifs large vaulted arch main entrance ground level inside lobby depict origins price company 1920s influential architect arts school developing uniquely canadian fusion french english colonial styles ideas applied designers ross construction price building floor divided hallway projection end building references bow ship building structural steel frame city covered grey limestone rapid construction unable supply stone demand building site resulting use additional source limestone grey pale age limestone pink streaks fossils takes ages price memorial memorial unveiled anne price building right hand neighbour anne street set memorial french price form sculpture entitled river man sponsored designed artists statue representing log driver work logs heavily stylized reduced little cylinders driver hook shown transforming wooden plant location tight space tall buildings gives sculpture appearance travelling river gorge highly dynamic described looking spill log driver symbolic figure history culture quebec thanks notably famous novel quebec premier official residence apartment 16th 17th floors official residence premier quebec floors highest ones 18th floor taken machinery originally reserved executive suite previous attempt offering premier official residence bought large residence des braves donated premier issues security neighbour relationships declined use lived small apartment parliament hill mandate successor lived room apartment announced accept offer price apartment took occupancy november choice praised symbolic location attracted criticism apartment small poorly lit accommodate family widowed wife time noted lieutenant governor residence located sold fraction estimated value excellent choice exclusive psychiatric clinic occupied price building second floors moved administration strongly affirmed timing premier installation complete coincidence apartment cost build includes guest dining room associated facilities premier access reception hall 14th floor need apartment richly appointed maple hardwood floors granite limestone reproduce traditional quebec styles decorated paintings local artists loan renewed criticism current premier limited use apartment led proposal proper official residence heads family lives montreal saw little reason province proposal taken successor regular use apartment | Édifice Price | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
11719_ForbiddenCity | chinese imperial palace dynasty end dynasty years located centre beijing china houses served home emperors households ceremonial political centre chinese government years constructed complex consists buildings covers acres palace complex traditional chinese architecture influenced cultural architectural developments declared listed largest collection preserved ancient wooden structures world charge extensive collection artwork artifacts built imperial collections museum collection located museums descend institution split chinese civil war million annual visitors visited museum world common english translation chinese chinese pinyin literally forbidden city formally appeared english similar origin forbidden palace significance levels purple refers ancient china called traditional chinese heavenly surrounding region enclosure chinese pinyin realm family residence terrestrial emperor counterpart forbidden referred fact enter leave palace emperor permission means city today site commonly known chinese means palace museum based buildings known chinese pinyin history emperor son moved capital beijing construction began construction lasted years required million workers material include logs precious wood chinese pinyin found south western china large blocks marble near beijing floors major halls paved golden bricks chinese pinyin specially baked paving bricks seat dynasty april captured rebel forces led proclaimed emperor dynasty soon fled combined armies general forces setting fire parts process october achieved supremacy northern china ceremony held forbidden city young ruler china dynasty rulers changed names principal buildings emphasise harmony supremacy plates bilingual chinese introduced elements palace second war anglo french forces took control occupied end war empress fled boxer rebellion leaving occupied forces treaty powers following year home emperors dynasty dynasty ceased political centre china emperor china agreement new government remained given public use evicted coup established japanese invasion china forced evacuation national treasures collection returned end world war evacuated taiwan orders losing chinese civil war relatively small high quality collection kept storage public core establishment damage country swept revolutionary zeal cultural revolution destruction prevented premier sent army battalion guard city declared significant place development chinese architecture culture currently administered carrying sixteen year restoration project repair restore buildings state recent years presence commercial enterprises controversial store opened sparked objections eventually closed july chinese media took notice pair shops refused admit chinese citizens order price foreign customers description metres north south metres east west consists surviving buildings bays rooms common myth states rooms including based oral tradition supported survey evidence designed centre ancient walled city beijing enclosed larger walled area called turn enclosed south lies remains important civic scheme beijing central north south axis remains central axis beijing axis extends south gate square ceremonial centre north extends bell drum towers axis exactly aligned north south slightly degrees researchers believe axis designed dynasty aligned capital empire walls gates surrounded metres high city wall metres deep metres wide moat walls metres wide base tapering metres walls served defensive walls retaining walls palace constructed rammed earth core surfaced layers specially baked bricks sides filled mortar corners wall sit towers intricate roofs ridges appeared song dynasty paintings towers visible parts palace outside walls folklore attached according legend corner tower dismantled renovations early dynasty rebuilt intervention carpenter immortal wall pierced gate southern end main gate north gate divine faces east west gates called east glorious gate west glorious gate gates decorated array golden door nails rows gate protruding wings forming sides square gate square gate central gateway stone path forms central axis ancient city beijing leads way gate china south north emperor walk ride empress occasion wedding successful students traditionally divided parts court includes southern sections ceremonial purposes palace includes northern sections residence emperor family day day affairs state approximate dividing line shown red dash plan generally vertical axes important buildings situated central north south axis entering encounters large square pierced inner golden water river crossed bridges square stands white marble terrace rises square halls stand terrace focus palace complex south largest rises metres level surrounding square ceremonial centre imperial power largest surviving wooden structure china bays wide bays deep numbers symbolically connected majesty emperor set ceiling centre hall intricate decorated dragon mouth issues like set metal balls called mirror dynasty emperor held court discuss affairs state dynasty emperors held court far frequently location instead ceremonial purposes imperial weddings smaller square hall emperor prepare rest ceremonies ceremonies site final stage imperial examination halls feature imperial largest elaborate hall supreme harmony centre ramps leading northern southern sides ceremonial ramps featuring elaborate symbolic relief carvings northern ramp hall preserving harmony carved single piece stone metres long metres wide metres thick weighs tonnes largest carving china southern ramp longer stone joined joint hidden overlapping relief carvings discovered widened gap 20th century south west south east halls military times emperor receive ministers hold court later housed palace printing house ceremonial lectures highly regarded scholars later office grand copy stored north east southern places residence crown prince separated courtyard lying city main axis home emperor family dynasty emperor lived worked exclusively ceremonial purposes centre set halls south smaller halls halls official residences emperor empress emperor representing yang heavens occupy empress representing earth occupy yang mixed produce harmony double building set single level white marble platform connected south raised walkway dynasty residence emperor beginning emperor dynasty emperor lived instead smaller west respect memory emperor emperor audience hall set roof featuring dragon throne hangs tablet reading justice honour chinese pinyin double building bays wide bays deep dynasty residence empress dynasty large portions palace converted worship new rulers reign empress moved palace rooms palace harmony retained use emperor wedding night palaces square shape roof stored imperial seals dynasty ceremonial items halls lies imperial garden relatively small compact design garden contains elaborate landscaping features north garden gate divine directly west originally minor palace facto residence office emperor starting decades dynasty including held court eastern partition hall located offices key government bodies north eastern section taken complex built anticipation retirement mirrors set proper features outer court inner court gardens temples entrance marked tile dragons screen section restored partnership long term project expected finish religion religion important life imperial court dynasty place ceremony time native chinese religion continued important role imperial garden central area prevalent form religion dynasty palace buddhism number temples scattered including buddhism buddhist interior decorations buildings pavilion rain flowers important housed large number buddhist statues icons placed arrangements surroundings surrounded sides imperial gardens north known artificial hill created soil excavated build moat nearby lakes west lies royal garden centred connected lakes serves central headquarters north west lies centred lake connected southern popular royal park south important pinyin chinese pinyin emperor spirits ancestors spirit nation respectively today beijing people cultural hall commemorating respectively south nearly identical stand main axis upright gate chinese pinyin famous gate decorated portrait centre left right long live people republic china long live great unity world peoples gate connects modern symbolic centre chinese state square development tightly controlled vicinity past century politically motivated demolition reconstruction changed character areas surrounding beijing municipal government worked governmental military institutions occupying historical buildings established park remaining parts wall ordinance relating building height planning restriction renewed establish area northern city area zone extension item summer palace included world heritage site beijing symbolism design overall layout smallest detail planned reflect philosophical religious principles majesty imperial power noted examples symbolic designs include yellow color emperor roofs bear yellow tiles exceptions library black tiles black associated water fire prevention similarly crown prince residences green tiles green associated wood growth main halls outer inner courts arranged groups shape representing heaven residences hand arranged groups shape representing earth sloping ridges building roofs decorated line led man riding phoenix followed imperial dragon number represents status building minor building building country permitted imperial times result 10th called ranked tenth chinese pinyin unique layout buildings follows ancient customs laid classic rites ancestral temples palace storage areas placed palace complex residences collections collections based imperial collection according results million pieces art stored addition imperial libraries housed large collection rare books historical documents including government documents threat japanese invasion forced evacuation important parts museum collection end world war collection returned communists victory imminent chinese civil war nationalist government decided ship pick collection taiwan boxes evacuated artifacts boxes housed boxes returned beijing boxes remain today storage charge museum conducted new thorough search number important items addition government moved items museums country collection purchased received donations public today million rare valuable works art permanent collection including paintings seals sculptures inscribed bronze objects etc according inventory museum collection conducted holds total artifacts includes items designated nationally protected valuable cultural relics holds pieces include imperial collections dynasty song dynasty pieces commissioned palace emperor personally holds pieces imperial collection rest held painting holds close paintings date dynasty largest collection china collection based palace collection personal interest emperors meant palace held important collections paintings chinese history significant portion collection lost years transferred paintings palace subsequently lost destroyed works moved taiwan collection subsequently donations purchases transfers museums bronze collection dates early dynasty pieces held inscribed items pre period significant collection ceremonial imperial court largest collections mechanical 18th 19th centuries world pieces collection contains foreign pieces chinese pieces came palace workshops foreign pieces came countries including britain france switzerland united_states japan largest portion come britain jade jade unique place chinese culture museum collection derived imperial collection includes pieces pre dynasty collection includes pieces famed history artifacts recent archaeological discoveries earliest pieces date period dynasty dynasty pieces hand include items palace use tribute items empire palace artifacts addition works art large proportion museum collection consists artefacts imperial court includes items imperial family palace daily life ceremonial bureaucratic items important government administration comprehensive collection preserves daily life ceremonial imperial era influence culmination thousand year development classical chinese east asian architecture influential subsequent development chinese architecture providing inspiration artistic works specific examples include depiction art film literature popular culture served scene works fiction recent years depicted films television series notable examples include fiction film chinese emperor american emperor biographical film feature film authorised government filmed joint nbc miniseries broadcast early 1980s filmed inside note present exist dynasty met live performance concert venue served performance venue use purpose strictly limited heavy impact equipment performance ancient structures performances said held outside palace walls opera story chinese princess performed outside time greek born composer keyboardist performed live concert concert recorded later released tribute album sang main gate performances french musician performed live concert accompanied musicians year france china festivities | Forbidden City | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
11765_MasonicHall,Taunton | somerset designated grade listed building originally built early 19th century roman catholic chapel open public worship reformation building forms end terrace features series prominent southern end opened chapel served growing catholic community years moved larger church completed rented time known building sold company acting behalf group purchased provide home hosts different history catholic chapel prior reformation catholic churches destroyed dissolution churches mary anglican roman_catholic_church died book records prior 19th century mission rector sent years later catholic rector registered chapel house canon street death new rector appointed new rector immediately began raising money permanent church opened july building located crescent dedicated church seated greater estimated catholic resident new church known public roman catholic church reformation years congregation chapel longer large serve catholics nearby purchased plot land adjacent opened april replace chapel dedication chapel building subsequently let uses known george hall hall purchased members named consecrated 4th earl master january following year originally met constitution moved meeting london inn owners building members purchased property limited company rented building users school taught girl classes wine merchant purchasing building addition necessary commissioned builder carry number structural changes lobby split rooms provide chamber small waiting room large main hall temporary partition removed toilet added staircase kitchen moved kitchen cooking range installed extension hall builder storey building ground floor served warehouse extension replaced previous building deemed unfit repair extension completed cost shillings slightly initial estimate hall longer school known girl lessons renovations carried time cost hall continued let social functions currently home lodge george lodge old emergency services lodge architecture hall sits southern end terrace pairs larger ones frame building appear support decorative finish smaller large doorway topped double wooden doors panels fronted steps width building southern building rise height building spread large windows hall designated grade listed building considered form group numbers crescent similarly listed grade listed properties crescent dragon book shop number bath place | Masonic Hall, Taunton | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
11799_GatewayofIndia | gateway india monument built 20th century state located waterfront area structure arch metres feet high lies end water edge mumbai harbour crude fishing community later renovated landing place british governors prominent people earlier times structure visitors arriving boat mumbai seen gateway referred mumbai city tourist attraction india gate similar mumbai structure erected commemorate landing king george queen mary visited india built style foundation stone laid march final design sanctioned construction monument completed gateway later ceremonial entrance india new governors bombay served allow entry access india monument witnessed terror attacks beginning 21st century twice point gunmen attacked history gateway india built commemorate visit king george queen mary mumbai prior december got cardboard model structure construction begin till foundation stone laid march governor bombay sir final design sanctioned march gateway built yellow concrete work proceeded port reclaim land gateway new sea wall built foundations completed construction finished gateway opened december earl reading british troops leave india following country independence passed gateway way ceremony february signalling end british rule design structure scottish architect combined elements roman arch 16th century architecture design combination hindu muslim architectural styles arch muslim style decorations hindu style gateway built yellow reinforced concrete stone locally obtained screens brought gateway faces tip central dome feet metres diameter feet metres ground highest point harbour realigned order come line planned sweep centre town arch large halls hold people cost construction million borne mainly funds approach road built gateway stands angle road leading significance place governors land arrival india built welcome king george visit event grand significance british empire today serves monumental british colonial rule india built right hotel british arriving time india gateway symbol power majesty british empire opposite gateway stands statue king warfare establish empire mountain range 17th century symbol pride courage statue unveiled january occasion india republic day statue area renowned sculptor gateway exclusive second commercial ferry operations fourth closed fifth exclusive mumbai attacks proposal close replace newer ones built near nearby second starting point tours minute boat ride away ferry routes gateway include ferry rides ferries said carry passengers certified capacity popularity major tourist destination popular gathering spot locals street vendors photographers moved festival music dance original location celebrated years gateway increased capacity offered venue gateway host people host people bomb planted taxi exploded near gateway gateway site major bomb blast august point terrorists participating november terror attacks gunmen attacked public movement certain areas restricted attacks | Gateway of India | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
12023_LayerPyramid | layer pyramid known locally arabic arabic meaning rubble hill pyramid ruined step pyramid dating 3rd dynasty egypt located ownership uncertain pyramid architecture similar buried pyramid king reason firmly 3rd dynasty pyramid excavated beginning 20th century different teams reported conflicting estimates size number subterranean chambers artefacts found course excavations trace burial found reason unclear pyramid bury abandoned following premature death king time construction pyramid surrounded housing large belonging high officials 3rd dynasty state temple built eastern pyramid valley temple possibly located metres pyramid located confines restricted military area barring modern excavations site research history layer pyramid examined surroundings explored soon pyramid identified listed number pioneering list years later unsuccessfully searched entrance subterranean passages pyramid discovered undertook excavations pyramid stopped clearing steps descending investigations performed uncovered vertical access shaft leading burial chamber seeing corridors chambers seemingly unfinished completely devoid artefacts deemed pyramid shortly worked site north east pyramid surrounding dimensions pyramid estimated fisher differ greatly numbers subterranean galleries report disagreement unfortunately pyramid lies restricted military area consequently excavation undertaken fisher superficial work leaving structures beneath pyramid doubt furthermore pyramid modern dimensions description location layer pyramid lies close south west north main structure located rock ridge superstructure layer pyramid square base long slightly smaller step based dimensions pyramid estimated layer pyramid originally planned comprise steps reached height today steps remain reaching height current ruined state pyramid allows view core mound poor quality rough stone blocks taken local bedrock core surrounded thick masonry turn surrounded layers mud bricks clay mortar disposed vertically inward angle inner stone pyramid core mud brick layer thick pyramid finished left unfinished disputed experts believes pyramid finished think building left unfinished premature death particular traces outer found hint pyramid completed mud bricks found base pyramid associated pyramid interpreted remnants construction ramp disposition layer pyramid extremely similar found consequently suggest constructed close time entrance subterranean structures lies east disposition construction pyramid years later proposed unique feature chosen egyptian architects order free north pyramid construction temple showed situation pyramid construction ramp northern temple construction explains unique eastern entrance resulting desire architects allow easy access pyramid store rooms located immediately beneath eastern entrance entrance immediately leads long steep corridor heads west corridor ends straight vertical shaft called upper corridor unfinished passage goes south center pyramid shaft shaped left leads south lower corridor half way narrow narrow hardly passed lower corridor finishes king burial chamber area drew gallery leading burial chamber gallery absent fisher notes right shaped shaped gallery system ground plan gallery system resembles comprising rows chambers totalling possibly destined storage rooms gallery proved clean left king burial chamber located ground nearly square shape base ceiling height burial chamber contained traces absence artefacts gallery hints premature death king complex layer pyramid shows trace enclosure wall present earlier later pyramid complexes stones wall robbed time simply wall started usually element pyramid complex built eastern pyramid remnants brick walls indicate presence temple archaeological traces closer examination precise reconstruction impossible today goes ruins building metres away pyramid valley temple valley temple east west orientation unique pyramid complexes layer pyramid surrounded total dating 1st dynasty 2nd dynasty late 3rd dynasty 18th dynasty roman period dating late 3rd dynasty contains large tombs mud brick fisher observe expected surrounding pyramid large tombs royal family court officials particular metres north layer pyramid huge today known yielded marble inscribed king fisher conclude belong people connected king built pyramid probable king opinion shared attribute layer pyramid date architecture layer pyramid allows dated time span reigns king king founder 4th dynasty compare architecture layer pyramid step expecting layer pyramid originally consisted steps near contemporary predecessors layer pyramid exhibits site complex developments concerning concerning building methods employed superstructure according layer pyramid clearly advanced version buried pyramid remaining problem layer pyramid question built scholars today believe likely king late 3rd dynasty conclusion based stone bearing discovered located north pyramid goes identifies king ruler 3rd dynasty hypothesis based reading canon compiled early period years lifetime canon credits relatively long reign years according time sufficient cover time span needed complete building layer pyramid argues royal monuments egyptian present king later record throne birth correspond throne case layer pyramid tomb conclusion contested think instead built pyramid point apparent unfinished state layer pyramid identify king mentioned canon | Layer Pyramid | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
12071_World'slittlestskyscraper | world skyscraper mcmahon building commonly referred world skyscraper located corner seventh streets downtown texas late style red brick cast stone structure tall exterior dimensions deep wide interior dimensions approximately approximately steep narrow internal leading upper floors occupy roughly percent interior area reportedly result fraudulent investment scheme confidence man mcmahon building source great embarrassment city residents completion 1920s featured believe syndicated column world skyscraper nickname stuck depot square historic district falls texas historic landmark background large petroleum reservoir discovered west city small town texas surrounding communities experiencing explosive growth populations economies estimated new settlers taken residence lucrative oil field residents wealthy virtually overnight people streamed local communities search high paying jobs nearby city began grow importance initially lacked necessary infrastructure sudden increase economic industrial activity natural choice serve local logistical hub seat office space lacking major stock transactions mineral rights deals conducted street corners tents served makeshift headquarters new oil companies proposal mcmahon building story brick building located near railroad depot downtown built director oil rig construction firm petroleum structural engineer philadelphia seven tenants offices based original according local legend mcmahon announced build annex building solution newly wealthy city urgent need office space investors eager invest project mcmahon collected investment capital group naive investors promising construct office building street key mcmahon successful defense ensuing lawsuit verbally stated actual height building feet proposed skyscraper depicted distributed approved investors clearly labeled consisting floors inches construction ensuing legal battle mcmahon construction crews build mcmahon building small unused piece property building obtaining prior consent owner property lived oklahoma building began shape investors realized purchasing story tall structure expecting brought lawsuit mcmahon dismay real estate construction deal declared legally binding local judge mcmahon built exactly according approved legal remedy investors recover small portion investment elevator company refused honor contract learned confidence trick installed building initial completion included original ladder employed gain access upper floors time construction complete mcmahon left texas taking balance investors money early occupancy subsequent abandonment completion opening mcmahon building immediate source great embarrassment city residents ground floor representing different companies occupied building original tenants 1920s building housed firms 1920s featured believe syndicated column world skyscraper stuck oil industry ultimately prove resource curse ended years later building vacated boarded virtually forgotten great depression struck office space relatively inexpensive lease purchase fire building rendering number years great depression building housed succession tenants including barber shops building changed hands times scheduled demolition occasions escaped fate apparently sufficient number local residents came defense eventually city building continued deteriorate city gave building hope eventually restored making viable depot square historic district purchase renovation mcmahon building proved excessive burden limited capital reserves following year city council hired local architectural firm stabilize structure amid steadily growing talk building partners fascinated history legacy building arranged partnership local business purchase building december city council voted allow sell building june storm swept bringing gusts wind strong mph foot metre section brick wall mcmahon building complex knocked damage storm repaired restoration building adjacent delayed late june year city_council granted funds city invested restoration mcmahon building restoration building estimated cost remainder paid owners current status passage time mcmahon building monument long gone era survived tornadoes fire decades neglect stand monument greed genius oil boom days building currently depot square historic district falls declared texas historic landmark listed national_register_of_historic_places building met criteria definition skyscraper building aside serving local tourist attraction building home opened ground floor floor converted artist studio historic buildings featured documentary film future past retrospective analysis city architectural past produced public information officer city | World's littlest skyscraper | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
12235_StrangSchoolDistrictNo.36 | school district historic school located nebraska village school sites listed national_register_of_historic_places village school building small story brick public built replace previously located site built replaced previous burned retains original building materials school served high school students functions school today serving grades listing includes located outside pieces playground equipment history education october fire destroyed small school previously located classes held local churches remainder year townspeople held series meetings discuss construction new later plans new drawn approved construction new began majority people worked constructing school local townspeople classes new school held february constructed fashion prevent accident new constructed hold students twelfth grades surrounding communities primary students attending classes located second floor secondary students classes held floor construction projects undertaken restore original building protect historical importance decline enrollment school reduced serving students grades remained way fall school enrollment students fall published figures available number fallen architecture near perfect example considered typical twentieth century nebraska constructed somewhat school constructed simplified version style consisting stories flat roof exterior building constructed rectangular shape symmetrical exterior measures feet feet approximate height measurements provided register large windows located building floors similar windows located south building floor windows located north entire exterior building constructed brick roof flat constructed cement located section chimney sticks south end roof prominent feature exterior building large central pavilion stepped wall interior level building contains classrooms set swivel doors large slate covers walls story contains small storage central hall large leading second floor second story contains classrooms features office small storage rooms metal fire escape door located center west wall second story partial basement contains large storage room coal room disused coal geography facilities positioned intersection main street street southern edge originally planned convenient location teachers students coming surrounding communities campus consists main historic pieces playground equipment located building basketball tennis court located north school building large playing field west entire property contained inside foot square plot land located outside main entrance school building included listing contributing feature set gym bars ball pole swing set slippery slide merry round located south west sides property listed contributing features tennis basketball court located north property large track playing field located west property features included listing significance added national_register_of_historic_places june nomination cited significant criteria statement multi story brick school building example type period method construction representative school buildings constructed communities nebraska particularly quarter twentieth century school listed year significance year constructed school considered significant surrounding community importance education historic qualities oldest buildings area | Strang School District No. 36 | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
12346_TheResidencesatTheRitz-Carlton(Philadelphia) | residences philadelphia residences luxury residential skyscraper philadelphia pennsylvania feet story skyscraper tenth tallest building philadelphia tallest residential tower city building erected site seriously damaged deadly fire demolished property sold year development site owns adjacent delayed years result feud rival developer owned property chestnut street sits south residences site intends build residential tower feud began lead partner blocked approval chestnut street felt tower design detrimental planned residences tower led years dispute developers trying block construction towers feud declared construction residences began blue glass skyscraper opened residents january residences features range price million high rise features underground parking garage fitness center pool private garden public plaza called park history residences stands site story february badly damaged fire destroyed floors killed firefighters litigation burned skyscraper sat vacant years demolished settled owners partners pay million site sued partners backing deal said site owners partners wanted sell site higher bought adjacent plaza damaged vacant plaza fire converted hotel adjacent south plaza site chestnut street bought property contained site story shops eighteen story damaged vacant plaza fire buildings demolished north plaza site faces philadelphia city hall street plaza site waited development converted underground parking garage feud looking new headquarters asked commercial properties work combine properties building developers briefly held discussions combining sites agreement reached developers decided towers sought build competing towers relationship developers soon turned feud firm lead partners commercial properties received permission build story residential tower chestnut street site hearing attempted block approval saying building tall damage site blocking views casting shadows said tower nose traditional zone respect city hall filed lawsuit block construction building court common pleas ruled approving chestnut street appealed ruling announced feud plans towers forward announced build feet story luxury tower called residences residences feet taller skyscraper criticized tall said develop world class building need people high air feud quickly restarted criticized design residences lower floors floors designed contain grand ballroom health club car parking garage says design lower values lower floors building buildings prevented facing garage feud continued lively arguments block plans philadelphia city agencies chairman board called feud super bowl battles july announced redesign residences building floors floors facilities removed redesign ballroom parking afraid high rise miss city hot market redesign legal challenges need special approval exceed certain height vowed continue fighting building saying needs curb cut permit going block march reached agreement ended legal challenges buildings stories residences far chestnut street chestnut street views story chestnut street upper portion redesigned way allowed views south residences construction construction began ceremony featured pennsylvania governor september buildings units sold residences topped july high rise opened residents january skyscraper officially dedicated ceremony june building residences story feet residential skyscraper owned partners financed designed rectangular skyscraper tenth tallest building philadelphia tallest residential tower city residences blue glass curtain wall east building pointed allowing views building features bedroom range square feet square feet range price million building amenities include hotel services fitness club feet lap pool lobby features restaurant named arts owned chef owns building residences hotel split garden residents public space facing street memorial firefighters died plaza fire unveiled october designed memorial located building entrance contains firefighters names plaques philadelphia_inquirer architecture critic says glass skyscraper shocking contrast white marble hotel said liked blue glass angled aluminum cap floor especially finish ties nicely aluminum bands organize facade negative opinions building included public space describe barren virtually piece concrete | The Residences at The Ritz-Carlton (Philadelphia) | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
12481_WestinghouseAirBrakeCompanyGeneralOfficeBuilding | known locally castle pennsylvania building listed pittsburgh history national_register_of_historic_places originally built office building houses construction constructed architect building sided clock tower operated system chains additional designs added executive wing containing executive offices conference dining rooms architectural style mix destroyed fire april foundation brick stone cement survived structure rebuilt foundation reconstruction clock tower added time entire floor designed employees use accommodations library fully equipped gymnasium restaurant swimming pool bowling brought total area inside building square feet building housed boiler house light station supplied steam power plant businesses community business history building contained offices century company originally established developed companies time industrial growth beginning twentieth century plant improved performance increased speed nations railways moved new location pennsylvania small town miles outside pittsburgh time inhabited people socialism strong peaceful non violent farming borough thought ideal town company location right mainly blue collar inhabitants employed citizens surrounding pittsburgh area work force composed entirely individuals office buildings building vacated donated merged form provides employment residents borough effect community moved housing employees hard come response formed usd capital houses large amounts vacant land previously owned transferred new company new homes specifically built different variations avoid lack variety commonly seen industrial housing time successful years vacant lots left southern extensive town building employment prosperity brought celebrated today community festival called george days takes place early june year inside castle building house model train display depression glass room operated operated non profit organization volunteers artifacts castle museum went join gathered collection products display room | Westinghouse Air Brake Company General Office Building | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
12571_RobotBuilding | robot building robot building located business district thailand houses headquarters designed reflect banking architecture reaction high tech architecture building features progressively walls eyes contribute robotic appearance practical function completed building examples modern architecture design thai architect designed robot building acquired asked directors design building reflected modernization banking found inspiration son toy robot designed building conscious opposition styles era particularly classical high tech architecture embodied praised inception protest bland modern design called protest movement seeks replace offering replacement dismissed mid-1980s classical intellectual bankrupt criticized catalogue meaningless architectural motifs characterized classical dismissed high tech architecture machine time secretly ing artifacts honest manual labor movement future wrote building need robot host long free spirit present intellectual propel forward century wrote design considered post high tech exhibiting building inner workings chose finished product mechanical parts building argued struck 20th century vision machine separate entity elevated pedestal worship daily lives friend cleared way 21st century machine man building completed cost million mid-1980s architectural faded building examples style characteristics building stories tall total floor area floor areas decrease progressively 4th 8th 12th 16th 18th floors shape contributes robot appearance efficient solution setback regulations requiring degree property line building ground floor double height banking hall hall interior architecture designed association firm designed robotic appearance building sculptures thai artist stand main door floors located banking hall contain offices meeting rooms building second floor features large hall offices training rooms upper floors contain general office space story parking garage located main building building decorative exterior contributes building robotic appearance serves practical functions building roof communications lightning rods building upper facade main meeting dining rooms executive serve windows reflective glass metallic nuts glass reinforced concrete building sides building largest nuts measure diameter largest world time construction building east west walls robot sides shield interior sun increase energy efficiency north south sides robot curtain walls bright blue color chosen symbol recognition robot building selected los_angeles seminal buildings century building earned award chicago award given thai designer according encyclopedia 20th building enhanced world recognition modern thai architecture | Robot Building | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
12624_SycamoreHistoricDistrict | historic district area encompassing acres land downtown illinois county seat area includes historic buildings number historical victorian homes significant structures located including district listed national_register_of_historic_places properties irregular boundaries historic district considered contributing properties historic district non contributing district homes buildings fit historic district concept major structures include prominent queen anne style library dozens mid- late 19th century houses history national historic preservation act created national_register_of_historic_places empowered individual states create review boards function state historical preservation officer illinois create historic preservation program early 1970s direction dispatched field illinois counties find qualify inclusion national_register_of_historic_places field surveyor traveled found large number late 19th 20th century examples architecture recommended establishment historic district mayor appointed citizens committee assist state work involved listing district residential areas district achieved maturity grown considerably lived 1970s historic district remains intact organized boundaries bounded west main street east stretch blocks north end district bounded extends end street main north south roads page east west street district extends state street west block included block addition section historic district east west streets portions included district high ottawa lincoln boundaries drawn worked assistant wagner drew boundaries basis visual integrity led irregular pattern inclusion historic district street district cases library arbitrary line drawn sole purpose including specific structure architecture architectural styles historic district begins structures date foundation mid late 1830s particular style structures oldest surviving district civil war styles began dot landscape downtown illinois styles gothic revival found neighborhood government buildings commercial buildings offer prime examples architecture style showcased ornate building current center block state street known exhibits classical revival architecture properties historic district identified strongly contributing overall character district ranked significant structures district majority rest buildings date properties includes combination residential commercial government religious buildings number victorian homes main street enclosed historic district number buildings downtown south courthouse homes included district important structure marked plaque near properties located historic district acres properties listed contributing structures district additional non contributing homes buildings district fit historic district concept churches church buildings historic district nominated join seven church buildings district included residential structure utilized church constructed home congregation time listing churches destroyed demolished destroyed fire longer extant replaced modern office building extant churches roman_catholic_church commercial buildings commercial buildings historic district located illinois united_states located city downtown largest concentration commercial contributing properties historic district found passes include buildings known blocks consist adjacent attached structure case block commercial buildings possibly gem historic district courthouse sits center square facing illinois route directly north south street main stunning example architecture current structure erected line serve building main street originally garage owned resident queen anne style home lot small distinctive stone structure constructed use garage estate home queen anne mansion garage property today home restaurant building left private ownership property exploited commercial use gas station despite years changes function building historical character remains intact george block altered original state mid 19th century george block remains eye catching structures constructed known owner james prominent citizen lived nearby contributing property 1860s james gone building known block buildings period known blocks usually multi story multi business buildings contained retail professional space case george block lecture halls year building existed famous men spoke houses houses cross variety architectural styles span 1830s early 20th century contributing properties historic district districts buildings homes associated early residents usually prominent business leaders politicians houses district known street address associated prominent owner builder houses true prominent homes include house located illinois state street directly street structure east main street state included historic district library operational today constructed combination gifts different sources including building designed architect significance district includes properties acres considered contributing members historic district buildings consist mix residential religious commercial governmental buildings residential buildings stories height feature generous setbacks street factors growth mature shade trees combine balanced integrated look feel usage properties similar small seats district properties separated survival 20th century buildings significant architecture contributes national_register_of_historic_places nomination form said conveyed calm close popular american image ideal small town | Sycamore Historic District | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
12650_MarineParadeCommunityBuilding | marine parade community building chinese pinyin community building located singapore opened building houses separate performing arts group designed distinguishing features building mural called life largest piece installation art singapore history current building sits reclaimed land occupied built early 1980s later renamed march announced plans spend million upgrade community centres clubs years old adding facilities lifts dance studios karaoke rooms multi purpose air activities rooms community centres user friendly open concept offices reception areas june prime minister asked study idea having community centres share premises civil users libraries government offices commercial developments member parliament representation constituency suggested combining slated upgrading national library branch storey building floors community club library june deputy chairman announced land singapore redeveloped community centres including located civil users upgrading cost paid community club fundraising activities carried redevelopment activities included music concerts golf tournaments raised total million old club building demolished construction began year project main contractor built cost million new building completed january open public march officially opened facilities currently houses library professional theatre company originally café ground floor opened march equipped glass walled gymnasium overlooking covered basketball court rooftop air sports hall seat roof terrace gatherings music study activity rooms library opened november originally located town centre shifted new premises community building library singapore second oldest community library built reclaimed land started moving stages community building april officially opened public library singapore housed community club arts group library old premises renovated supermarket library spread floors floor area square metres square feet neighbourhood libraries library entire second floor children book section featuring murals tools library books videos available loan café ground floor library fitted numerous benches public use facilities include stations service stations music posts equipped necessary stage arts group housed community building community club singapore offered alternative locations arts groups old vacant buildings line plan community clubs fashionable multi purpose spaces square metre square feet premises basement community building times size old premises proper theatre space productions arts group facility community building features black box stage theatre flexible seating spent million construction costs unit includes seat architecture overall architectural form described dragon roof crest artwork eye dragon horizontal library block seen tail fins dragon beast chinese culture design concept sited adjacent apartment blocks seen attempt engage wider community activities community building planned overlap stop destination entire family rich multiple programmes building expressed diverse elements building designed local architectural firm adopted approach expressed materials forms wall mural community building clad huge wall mural commissioned work art thai architect mural singapore largest piece installation art measuring metres metres feet feet covers curved east facing façade community building called life artwork use variety materials glass wood artwork resembles huge human eye wall tiny mosaic tiles arranged computer aided design abstract piece winner art wall design competition organised panel international judges picked winning design total entries submitted artists architects designers southeast_asia including entries singapore led local art historian panel felt winning entry best reflected contest themes interaction fusion harmony mural installed curved facade community building cost features library block predominantly clad glass fitted horizontal fins frontage main road café street frontage spread shared roof community building resembles leaves palm tree covers community club rooftop basketball court court location roof level departure norm community centres basketball court occupies space ground floor | Marine Parade Community Building | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
12760_PresidioofSantaBarbara | known military installation california usa built spain mission defending second military district california modern times serves significant tourist attraction museum active archaeological site santa barbara state park contains original structure called second oldest surviving building california chapel known father church older distinction military outpost built spain new world listed contemporary setting current santa barbara state historic park site sits garden street east canon street downtown main portion site street blocks city hall museums portions original survive day named lieu pay fell inactivity remnants room soldiers quarters called currently visitor center state park largely site operator historic preservation reconstructed rest site recent construction rooms northwest corner site finished reconstruction ongoing construction rooms northwest corner beginning december history site chosen fourth governor coast vulnerable attack located spot near harbor sheltered severe storms addition ample supply building materials water nearby construction began april blessed site year temporary facility completed wheat field planted local indians early consisted mud brush walls feet post officers men planned fortifications irrigation works obtained livestock established began large scale farming took supervising construction fortifications living quarters soldiers families years later construction nearby mission santa barbara began town developed offered protection residents chapel primary place worship residents early destruction fort earthquake mission located mile half inland mainly intended use native conversion catholicism built standard plans spanish colonial military headquarters locally available materials buildings forming outer square constructed thick solid outer walls main gate opened open parade ground plaza center square chapel stood center square facing gate plaza attacked strong military force years operation subject assaults nature devastating earthquakes early 19th century destroyed structure chapel grew soon lady church corner corner streets stand separately vibrant churches richly catholic history time little fortress remained usable condition december ascended san pass rainy weather came town surrendered fight garrison far south heard mexican army lying ambush pass sensible route mountains time crossed difficult muddy track san pass turned necessary mexican general later surrendered force recognizing war lost preservation historic preservation founded primary mission restoring land located december renewed ongoing agreement manage work restoration currently taking place november added national historic trail santa barbara designated tour sights juan national historic trail national_park_service unit united_states national historic trail programs | Presidio of Santa Barbara | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
12990_FirstWardWardroom | historic meeting hall fountain street rhode_island single story red brick building low pitch roof basically rectangular enclosed entry pavilion projects main block building designed built ward halls structures built city polling places meeting halls survive state major veterans foreign wars building listed national_register_of_historic_places design designed constructed story red brick style building basically rectangular low pitched roof red bricks laid dark red mortar contrasted granite course painted grey window doors enclosed entry pavilion projects main block oriented face fountain street blake street arched double hung windows run sides building smaller windows entry pavilion time national_register_of_historic_places nomination smaller windows boarded porch oriented fountain street buildings original materials original panel door remained blake street entry porch rest exterior details extant including boarded pavilion 1st ward raised lettering national_register_of_historic_places nomination states interior building originally opened large meeting hall auxiliary service rooms rear building disclose alterations interior use constructed polling place meeting hall critical time incorporated city major veterans foreign wars occupied property owned building need significant roof repairs reached community help raise necessary funds significance ward significant historical reminder pivotal time incorporated city gave town meeting form governance building significant rare type building extant examples rhode_island constructed structures extant example having demolished constructed related identical construction variations firm style located hill historic district rhode_island listed national_register_of_historic_places november | First Ward Wardroom | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
13535_PortofLiverpoolBuilding | port liverpool building commonly known grade listed building liverpool england located pier head neighbouring royal liver building liverpool line city waterfront liverpool designated building designed sir developed collaboration constructed reinforced concrete frame clad building headquarters years company relocated new premises sold downing liverpool based property developer underwent major restoration restored original features building port liverpool building baroque style noted large dome sits atop acting focal point building approximately rectangular shape corners topped stone feet building fourteenth tallest building liverpool like neighbouring noted ornamental detail inside particular maritime references expensive decorative history decided close george dock located site pier head today land sold opted southern section build new central headquarters company having previously located sites city including old custom house committee formed plan develop new building company leadership competition launched local architects submit designs new building renowned local architect brought help judge competition prizes offered best designs total seven entries submitted winning design architects sir developed collaboration boundary changes land building built amendments design notably central dome added minute design confirmed requested number builders submit tender document construction building revised design builders contacted manchester winning contract construct new building work began months construction focusing laying building foundations dug depth feet ground level building frame built reinforced concrete clad design meant building fire resistant structural forms completed cost approximately cost furniture fittings professional fees taken account total cost nearer staff headquarters officially moved building july staff departments located areas city moving rest year second world war liverpool importance major port saw target luftwaffe blitz heavy bomb exploded basement eastern building damage explosion significant eastern wing seriously damaged fire nonetheless building structural integrity meant building occupied temporary repairs aftermath war building fully restored cost restoration exceeding original construction costs building acted head offices renamed years company moved new headquarters maritime centre near north city order closer centre liverpool docking system company remained owners building acquired downing liverpool based property developer plans submitted restoration building approved scheme involved major internal external work fully restore listed building plans included opening building public creating new viewing floor inside dome publicly accessible sunken riverside frontage provide small parade restaurants shops sixth level building dismantled aftermath second world war restored providing series luxury apartments stage renovation completed early restoration portland stone river facing building completed restoration project fully completed early removed outside building refurbished office space completed architectural design port liverpool building line pier head architectural features designed reflective liverpool importance maintenance british_empire building exists today actually modified version originally chosen design initially plan called main entrance building located south west corner boundary changes land built meant design significantly revised symmetrical look today notably initial design include large dome sits prominently building today inspired unused design liverpool developed years earlier architects added dome design order building imposing look decision controversy board members believed town nonetheless added design focal point building designed style port liverpool building structural form likened renaissance palaces approximately feet size building rises feet height making fourteenth tallest building city covering floors main body building tall main entrance located centre river facing building flanked metre high stone statues women representing commerce industry designed corner building tall turret topped stone originally crowned building large central dome compared buildings world including capitol building constructed reinforced concrete frame building structurally strong fire resistant buildings past result built site building required deeper foundations normal total tons cement building proximity extensive work carried development basement level order sure water resistant asphalt extensively coat floors walls basement order sure stayed dry internally building form centres height octagonal hall sits central dome hall round arched openings floor upwards providing large gallery spaces whilst floor decorated mosaic depicting points compass office spaces located long central corridors decorated white calcutta marble large portion building costs approximately spent decorations fittings inside building decorated expensive materials including spain oak danzig bronze floor furniture fittings white marble floors walls noted interior feature grey granite grand staircase lined stained glass windows adorned images anchors ships bells shells countries british_empire including singapore south_africa canada australia grand nature inside building interior meant film set productions including building numerous references sea maritime operations liverpool british_empire main entrance gates decorated globe supported cast iron gates gate piers decorated shells anchors shields initials outside light fittings designed lights appear held hands roman god neptune similarly lifts decorated maritime references form representing globe anchors central hall ground floor adorned words sea ships business great waters works lord wonders deep | Port of Liverpool Building | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
13592_MarshallFieldandCompanyBuilding | company building state street chicago illinois built flagship location known chain department stores main chicago mid western location nationwide chain building located chicago loop area downtown central business district illinois takes entire city block bounded clockwise west established numerous important business building long series previous elaborate decorative structures site century half regarded influential establishments nationwide development department store commercial business economic history united_states building stores headquartered building changed names september result merger previous owner parent led integration stores nationwide network building largest store world declared listed national_register_of_historic_places june designated chicago landmark november building architecture known multiple great hall having built stages course decades ornamentation includes later studios new_york_city mosaic vaulted ceiling pair known outdoor street corner state washington later state serve symbols store business history official corporate retail entity based building nicknamed store different names inception involvement day day operations new partners convinced field store building owned state street corner consumed great chicago fire splitting wholesale business retail operations store resumed operations state washington rebuilt structure leased fire consumed building new singer building built replace location field financing purchase business remained added subsequent buildings form integrated structure called marshall field chicago center state street famous downtown loop great chicago fire center anchored predecessor companies building complex commuter suburbs began significant retail districts 1920s 1920s store created new suburban locations company store remain competitive post world war economic social climate increasing suburban residential commercial development saw construction strip shopping centers followed regional enclosed shopping major interstate highways reduced role loop daily significance downtown retail sales slipped gradually additional business moved outward following lines automobile eventually influx stores parts country pace commercial merged consolidating spreading nationwide nonetheless survived location merger conversion emphasis store changed store branded lines replaced designer labels led designer departments field picture september time stores merger conversion building officially changed state street time conversion building location outraged protesting opponents merger conversion growth general massive business economic consolidation country buying partners early post civil war era founded corporate entity survived years arranged death building constructed sentimental objections conversion eliminated existence corporate entity bearing renaming building bearing widely reported national media newspapers radio television business legend store housed business established new standards broke conventions day company quickly successful 1880s largest retailers country death company largest wholesale retail dry goods enterprise world offered registry provided store dining facilities established european buying office store provide personal shopping assistants early 1900s annual sales topped million buying branches located new_york_city london paris tokyo stockholm berlin building hosted built department store continues second largest store world took operations store merchant post price goods plain sight eliminated common practice charging buyer pay field stood product famous slogan willingness price merchandise policy inherited early mentor partner purchased store building details story granite building constructed stages block sections added building died constructed original structure architect later firm designed primary additional sections state street north building built south time building largest store world acres largest book china shoe toy departments world department stores current building louis comfort later studios new_york_city mosaic vaulted ceiling dome caps story southwest corner northwest section story newer fountain center double banks square feet glass dome continues largest glass mosaic kind egypt year old temple foot columns rivals foot style capped granite columns façade building known exterior weigh short tons long tons northwest southwest corners state street southwest clock original intersection known great clock installed november envisioned clock beacon store viewed meeting place clock installed southwest corner store popular meeting place people began leaving notes windows clock attempt end practice encourage today building located washington designated loop retail historic district chicago loop state street block future construction project street tower avenue heritage millennium park underground public connects basement housed building major hub traditions popular culture building christmas traditions known production site room christmas tree hosts ornate decorated display windows series street level windows display includes thirteen themed windows state street recent years displayed themes stories charlie chocolate factory night christmas annually story tall christmas tree brought holidays season effort quell opposition merger conversion formal statement intent continue traditions foot christmas tree seventh floor viewing kitchen animated holiday window displays november american illustrator drew picture building cover famous saturday evening post magazine entitled clock painting shows man atop ladder adjusting clock correspond pocket watch old background proves depicts matching great clock northwest corner building donated original painting clock store hung seventh floor sold field later merged officials discovered reproduction copy display removed fake copy asked target return original painting donated february second stop seven city national tour pictures american people comprehensive career exhibition organized atlanta massachusetts visited new_york_city gallery art washington novel 42nd parallel character employed building authors met field department store building book department resulted collaboration unpublished play gallery | Marshall Field and Company Building | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
14025_WignacourtArch | arch known ornamental arch located boundary suburb malta arch originally built destroyed replica arch constructed inaugurated april original arch constructed carry water springs capital named grand master partially financed construction carried underground pipes series stone arches depressions ground level commemorate construction arch constructed area crossed road leading baroque large arch centre smaller arch decorated relief coat arms marble plaques latin inscriptions plaque facing reads est sic meaning far lay corpse today spirit water brought life spirit floated water water drawn spirit reappears plaque facing reads meaning grand master city citadel waters revive eternal salvation renovated area arch remained rural early 20th century pass near arch world war suburb developed area got symbols arch destruction april royal_air_force breakdown heading airfield hit arch severely damaged facing façade central arch dismantled military personnel supervision months later arch completely destroyed february truck hit remaining parts structure roundabout fountain later built site arch arches demolished order widen road way roundabout arch marble plaques reportedly survived destruction reconstruction surviving arches restored chairman headquarters located close arch promised build replica arch initially announced planning rebuild arch dimensions original plans approved october year placed hold tender appeal april tender awarded instead originally won tender replica arch cost build donated taken remaining paid preparations rebuilding arch dispute arose arch said called insisted september council took council court accused causing historical damage calling arch incorrect councils agreed arch known august reconstruction arch began august work stopped soon original arch foundations found reconstruction continued january complete end november finishing touches february including installation marble plaques arch inaugurated april prime minister mayor plaque coat arms following inscription installed commemorate reconstruction april meaning prime minister mayor inaugurated arch known today april silver coin issued set stamps commemorate anniversary arch depicted coin stamps | Wignacourt Arch | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
14109_901NewYorkAvenue | high rise high rise located washington united_states structure developed effort help mount square neighborhood completed located roughly triangular parcel bounded 10th street north mixed use residential office retail project triangular area originally home victorian housing city eminent domain purchase area southwest years homes businesses blocks razed 1980s purchased site proposed floor office block sold sold envisaged building office retail complex room hotel finally sold million october closed parking lot site late august began construction building following month architectural height building feet height main roof feet height floor feet stories story underground parking garage reports building interior space vary widely square feet recently reported mainstream media facade polished granite concrete colors stories height foot long arched steel forms lobby small parks exist triangular parcel land owned national_park_service seat restaurant ground floor serves style cited magazine best new restaurants entire united_states history site originally victorian style occupied triangular area bounded 10th street neighborhood originally vibrant business district victorian homes area went steep decline 1930s riots area square suffered rioting arson extensive vandalism city eminent domain purchase area southwest years homes businesses blocks razed businesses exist lot chinese restaurant named restaurants city serve dim sum stayed business constructed blocks south built triangular block time turned parking lot purchased site city 1980s site residential use proposed building story office building property city policy known residential able construct office building created renovated low income housing city agreed purchase unit apartment building restore homes proposed office building constructed sold lot sold land monument sources vary reported prices million million million proposed uses square foot lot square foot office retail complex room hotel serve visitors convention center monument estimated hotel cost million order profitable cost need reduced million government district_of_columbia created tax district promote downtown redevelopment housing monument sought million tax financing received approval city funds construction late october sold parcel million media outlets reported intended build hotel site company stated seriously considered possibility intended construct office building occupancy government agencies law firms trade associations company announced construction scheduled commence open tenants architectural firm hired design structure sale closed december sec requested proposals real estate firms construction new square foot headquarters submitted building consideration sec shortly sale closed sec ruled site mid february submitted building design sec consideration site office retail space square feet acre site residential housing april approved residential agreement agreed years earlier pay city run affordable housing construction fund spend million build low income area satisfying residential requirement despite victory decided begin construction lead tenant signed months later november law firm henderson signed letter intent lease square feet building announced intended build square foot story structure accommodate tenants march company said begin construction september announced square feet ground floor devoted retail levels underground parking firm contact signed march time increased floor space square foot delayed expected completion date late closed parking lot late august began construction following month month construction began law firm signed lease square feet space said delivery date building september february law firm signed lease square feet space media previously reported turned building square footage said square feet stories september percent building leased delivery date delayed late law firm reportedly signed lease square feet space building firm later opted lease square feet building located ninth street june percent leased average cost square foot delivery date changed september building eventually delivered early possible convention center hotel building erected threatened demolition construction left city hotels rooms accommodate greatly expanded number visitors expected convention center headquarters hotel needed controversy years hotel commissioned study potential sites fall study stated options seize build room convention center hotel site june voted new convention center headquarters hotel west 9th street street massachusetts avenue architecture design story class office building retail space ground floor architectural height building feet height main roof feet height floor feet reports building interior space vary widely square feet recently reported mainstream media general contractor million building says interior space square feet square feet retail space ground floor underground parking levels facade polished granite concrete colors stories height foot long arched steel forms lobby ceiling lobby consists square decorative hollow beams panels small parks exist triangular parcel land owned national_park_service open spaces preserved concrete benches added permit public seating general contractor structural engineer handled mechanical engineering subsidiary designed offices contained floors grand staircase surrounded curved glass wall extends floors building features constructed computer repair facility data center kitchen meeting rooms offices reception area facility designed law offices extend floors floors connected grand staircase manufactured glass steel stone wood wall alongside staircase consists decorative panels wrapped fabric wood trim steel accents washington design firm designed offices moved offices building square foot space contains reception area conference rooms offices reception area floor clad stone sections building widely reviewed critics writing washington_post said exterior exhibits sweep charm ground floor restaurant tenant ground floor tenants won awards seat restaurant serves style magazine called best new restaurants entire united_states said restaurant restaurant high ceilings ornate fit prevailing atmosphere new_orleans right new cuisine real thing starting served pepper cream cheese continuing eggs starters red sauce shrimp service excellent | 901 New York Avenue | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
14150_ClintonStreetTheater | theater located southeast portland oregon believed second oldest operating movie house city oldest continually operating cinemas united_states theater designed built opened clinton known encore resemblance original clinton screens cult experimental films known hosting regular screenings marking film longest running genetic opera venue hosts annual filmed bike festival faux film festival history photograph building house theater appeared morning newspaper known building owner pressed brick walls hollow tiles second floor intended residential rooms apartments ground floor designed business movie theater according february newspaper advertisement exploits continuing series detective stories clinton march seat theater designed opened clinton main entrance faced 26th avenue venue known encore variation original time person collective bought theater movie house showing rated films collective replaced wide variety movies including foreign films older films like african queen september took operation theater previously shown films clinton beginning told availability theater showing films june time operating theater clinton showed mix new films revival films creations archive shows included defining bad bugs strange surreal industrial films jazz film dark years genius bob purchased business september couple fell love city theater visiting july san_francisco short film festival added heating air conditioning theater refurbished lobby walls upgrades screening independent films supporting local filmmakers remain couple primary goals march business including fixtures projection concession equipment building listed sale april ownership business transferred roger sale said press release half years opportunity run movie theater neighborhood city america eternal gratitude goes citizens portland thank times support given clinton events mark change included open house meet greet included screenings documentary films evening rare trailers video clips confirmed theater continue offer screenings focus documentary independent films events offers mixture music films political documentaries experimental films theater known weekly screenings annual filmed bike festival began features bike themed independent short movies world screenings began marking longest running film theater hosts faux film festival offering cult independent film celebrate 40th anniversary theater screened rare circulation documentary fast break team championship season clinton hosted featured screenings minute films time filmmakers venue hosted benefit events stop presented included film features benefit equality hosted events included comedy shows holidays day lectures film making celebrities appeared theater promote films including appeared theater | Clinton Street Theater | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
14382_OneWorldTradeCenter | world trade center world trade center known freedom tower main building rebuilt complex new_york_city tallest building sixth tallest world structure original completely destroyed terrorist attacks september new skyscraper stands northwest corner acre site site original building bounded west street north south east building architect firm designed construction ground utility foundations new building began april tallest structure new_york_city april surpassed height tower steel structure topped august final component skyscraper installed making building including reach total height feet height feet deliberate reference year united_states declaration independence signed building opened november march new_jersey confirmed building officially known legal world trade center freedom tower building standard floors high tower actual stories new complex eventually include high rise office buildings built street national september memorial museum located south original twin towers stood construction new building effort rebuild following destruction original complex original building construction construction twin towers world trade center conceived urban renewal project spearheaded project intended help project planned new_jersey hired architect came idea building twin towers extensive negotiations new_jersey governments supervise construction site located lower west area manhattan satisfy new_jersey government agreed buy bankrupt renamed transported new_jersey towers designed framed tube structures giving tenants open floor plans columns walls design accomplished closely spaced perimeter columns providing structure strength gravity load shared core columns elevator system use sky system express local elevators allowed substantial floor space office purposes making structural core smaller design construction towers involved innovative techniques wind tunnel experiments wall digging foundation construction north tower began august extensive use components sped construction process tenants moved december 1970s low level buildings built complex seventh building built mid-1980s specifications operations built 1980s complex total seven buildings notable ones main built 1970s tower feet high occupied acre total acres site land press conference asked story buildings story building response didn want lose human scale completed tallest building world years surpassing held record years feet tall telecommunications antenna added roof antenna feet tall foot antenna highest point reached tower held record brief period time chicago tower finished feet rooftop floors towers floors building time number surpassed construction floors opened stories set aside mechanical floors floors floor areas spaced building intervals remaining floors open tenants floor tower square feet available space tower square feet total office space entire complex seven buildings combined total square feet office space complex initially failed attract expected early years governmental organizations key tenants state new_york 1980s city financial condition eased increasing number private companies financial firms related wall street tenants 1990s approximately companies offices complex including financial companies basement included mall path station main corporate headquarters headquarters new_jersey tower electrical service supplied volts electricity passed sent building core electrical located mechanical floors lowered primary voltage volts voltage lowered volts general power lighting services complex served emergency generators located sub levels towers roof floor housed radio television transmission equipment roof contained vast array transmission including feet center antenna mast rebuilt support center mast contained television signals television broadcasters newark broadcasters access roof controlled located level september attacks broadcasting equipment radio television stations moved typical weekday combined total people worked north south towers passing visitors complex large code windows world restaurant located reported revenues million making highest grossing restaurant united_states twin towers known worldwide appearing movies television shows merchandise towers came seen new_york_city icon like building statue liberty incidents february alarm fire broke 11th floor fire spread core building 9th 14th floors telephone cables located utility shaft ran vertically floors ignited areas affected fire extinguished immediately original fire hours damage 11th floor fire fueled filled paper alcohol based fluid office machines office equipment protected steel structural damage tower addition fire damage 9th 14th floors water fire damaged floors time complex fire systems terrorist attack occurred february truck filled pounds explosives planted detonated underground garage blast resulted feet hole greatest damage levels significant structural damage level people killed thousand injured workers visitors inside tower time people inside forced walk emergency lighting took hours reach safety september attacks september affiliated crashed flight northern facade seventeen minutes later second group terrorists crashed flight southern facade striking floors collapsed burning approximately minutes burning minutes collapsed structural failure north tower collapsed debris fell nearby damaging starting fires fires burned hours building structural integrity collapsed simultaneous attack pentagon arlington virginia failed plane resulted plane crash pennsylvania attacks resulted deaths people civilians firefighters law enforcement officers military personnel workers visitors died towers points impact people point impact trapped died smoke fell jumped tower escape smoke flames killed building eventually collapsed avoided complete destruction unlike rest building flight hit impact zone destroyed making impossible impact zone escape people point impact died current building planning early development following destruction original debate future site proposals reconstruction immediately organized competition determine use site proposals larger plan september attacks rebuild complex public rejected round designs second open competition took place december design selected winner design went revisions mainly disagreements developer held lease site time criticism concerning limited number floors designated office space amenities early plan floors total office space rebuilt complex reduced square feet comparison original complex floor limit imposed expressed concern higher floors liability event future terrorist attack incident building height consisted large open air steel structure roof tower containing wind turbines sky gardens subsequent design highest floor comparable original open air removed plans new_york governor faced accusations supposedly influence winning architect design picked personal favor friend campaign contributor final design freedom tower formally unveiled june address security issues raised foot concrete base added design april year design originally included plans clad base glass order address criticism building looked resembled concrete bunker later found preliminary testing revealed glass easily shattered large dangerous result replaced simpler facade consisting steel panels blast resistant glass contrasting original plan tower final design rises designers stated tower glass structure reflecting sky topped sculpted antenna commented planned completion date completely rebuilt magnificent spectacular april new_jersey approved conceptual framework allowed foundation construction begin formal agreement drafted following day 75th anniversary opening construction began formal groundbreaking ceremony took place construction team arrived construction later development symbolic cornerstone laid ceremony july stone inscription supposedly written construction delayed disputes money security design major issues resolved april deal developer new_jersey cornerstone temporarily removed site june soon explosives detonated construction site months clear bedrock building foundation cubic yards cubic meters concrete poured november december ceremony held nearby members public invited sign foot steel beam installed building base building base december foundation steel installation began shortly afterward tower foundation nearly complete year january cranes moved site construction tower concrete core began cranes arrived reached street level construction base finished years later construction office floors began glass windows subsequently installed floors constructed rate week advanced system installed protect workers falling safety system installed steel structure city tower reached floors feet tall december tower steel frame halfway complete grew floors tenth anniversary september attacks time concrete reached floors glass reached floors changed official building freedom tower world trade center stating easiest people identify change came board members voted sign year lease deal chinese real estate company building commercial tenant plans create trade cultural facility covering square feet floors detailed floor plans tower posted new_york_city website resulting media citizens surrounding area warned plans potentially future terrorist attack construction tower specially illuminated occasions weekend july lit colors american flag commemorate independence day lit colors september mark 10th anniversary september terrorist attacks october year illuminated pink honor december illuminated tower lights celebrate holiday season february building lit red honor cardinal february june illuminated red white blue honor flag day august illuminated red honor september illuminated red white blue honor 11th anniversary september attacks june building illuminated red white blue celebrate fourth july november red white blue lights lit tower loading dock finished time equipment completed building temporary loading bays added cost millions dollars temporary path station removed official replacement completed blocking access planned loading area march steel structure reached floors growing floors feet end month floor based standard measurements floor numbered floor extra space occupied high floor mechanical purposes incomplete tower new_york_city tallest building roof height april passing foot roof height president barack_obama visited construction site months later wrote steel beam hoisted tower sentence remember rebuild come stronger month tower structure nearing completion owners building began public marketing campaign building seeking attract visitors tenants steel structure topped nominal floor total height feet august tower antenna shipped new_york november section antenna hoisted tower december installed january march sections antenna installed completion scheduled april bad weather delayed delivery final pieces final piece lifted bringing tower height feet making fourth tallest building world tallest city surpassing foot subsequent months exterior elevator shaft removed podium glass interior decorations installed installation concrete steel fittings completed report september revealed time report negotiating regard purchased rights sought worth free office space tower exchange use world trade center tower associated november chicago based controversial announcement tallest building united_states feet declaring mast building permanent building architecture reasoning building tallest opening post opening november moving trucks started moving items tower tenant magazine publisher old headquarters times square world trade center new_york_times noted area transitioned financial area technology firms residences luxury shops building new tower building opened november employees moved spaces spread floors occupies floors having completed early expected company attract new tenants occupy remaining space tower times square moving total employees moved new tower day future tenants include legends november supporting wire rope cables suspended working platform cables manufactured hold workers performed maintenance building exterior time platform holding man affiliated window washing team caused platform hang vertically near floor tower workers rescued firefighters diamond saw cut glass incident workers suffered slight case taken hospital estimated cost funding estimate february placed initial construction cost world trade center billion square foot square meter tower total estimated construction cost risen billion april making expensive building world time tower construction partly funded approximately billion insurance money received losses september attacks state new_york provided additional million agreed billion obtained sale bonds raised prices bridge tunnel tolls raise funds percent toll increase scheduled proceeds increases pay tower construction architecture design original concepts competition discarded tower final design final design consisted simple traditional profile intended compare selected elements contemporary new_york skyline tower central draws previous buildings building visually resembles original center similar statue liberty building occupies foot square area square feet nearly identical original tower built foot tall concrete base designed protect truck bombs ground level attacks originally base covered decorative glass simpler glass steel façade adopted proved current base consists angled glass fins protruding steel panels similar led lights panels base night cable net glass sides building higher floors designed consistent buildings complex feet high range width feet east west sides feet north feet south curtain wall manufactured assembled portland oregon glass minnesota 20th floor upwards square edges tower cubic base shaping building tall elongated square near middle tower forms perfect glass shape square oriented degrees base foot sculpted mast containing broadcasting antenna designed collaboration artist invented structure lighting designers engineers secured system cables rises circular support ring contains additional broadcasting maintenance equipment night intense beam light projected horizontally shines feet tower architect world trade center said following tower design wanted design grounded real sketches explored challenges proper solution compelling beautiful design great implications fully understand iconic importance tower highly efficient building discourse limited symbolic formal aesthetic aspects recognize building doesn function people don want work visit failed architects layout south new national september located original twin towers stood immediately east new world trade center site north west floor officially designated floor despite fact tower contains actual stories building usable ground floors intended office purposes approximately square feet base consists floors including foot high public lobby office floors begin floor floor sky lobby floor office floors resume floor stop floor floors mechanical floors tower story observation deck located floors addition existing broadcast antenna facilities similar visitors separated tenants having separate entrance museum descending ground security screening area observation deck actual viewing space 100th floor food court floor space events floor visitors city information stories new_york interactive tool called city pulse tour ambassadors admission fee person admission available children seniors deck free families victims opens deck expected million visitors year tickets went sale starting april manhattan district attorney firm awarded contract operate deck officially opened day ahead schedule eating venues building café called café bar small plates mix fine dining restaurant dining criticized food prices need observatory ticket purchase enter compared windows world floor restaurant original tenants access ground parking storage shopping access path new_york_city subway trains provided chambers street stations building allows direct access street ground level building approximate underground square feet square feet retail space plan build restaurant near tower similar original windows world abandoned impractical tower window washing tracks located square foot area designated floor symbolic reference floors original tower design evolution original design went significant changes joined new_jersey developer project foot tall base corners originally designed gently slope upward glass corners later squared addition base walls covered hundreds pairs foot vertical glass fins set horizontal bands inch wide steel originally enclosed protective described panels enclosed changed plain antenna chairman stated design change save million tower architect strongly criticized change lead designer said eliminating integral building design leaving exposed antenna equipment unfortunate stand ready work port alternate design joining project suggested eliminating reduce costs proposal rejected executive director ward replaced september changed position removed plans gave statement final decision antenna going mounted building summer way point large triangular plaza west facing hudson_river originally planned steel steps descending street steps changed terrace final design terrace accessed staircase street terrace paved granite trees addition block long bench removed plaza plans designed allow natural light enter ground observation deck lobby plaza higher adjacent formally approved revisions revisions reported new_york_post executive director said thought changes minor telephone interview contract negotiated states receive million fee percentage base building changes result net economic benefit project signed contract savings million returns going percent percent percent savings increase height floor feet ground level identical roof height original tower antenna brings pinnacle height feet figure intended symbolize year united_states declaration independence signed antenna included building height stated height foot world tallest office building fourth tallest skyscraper world second tallest structure tower toronto exceeds pinnacle height approximately planned height feet expected exceed height world trade center construction canceled financial difficulties design changes revealed questions foot structure qualify included building height tower enclosed originally planned classified simple antenna included building height according antenna feet tall making fourth tallest building united_states located chicago park avenue new_york building currently tallest new_york_city antenna antenna surpassed park avenue topped feet high developers disputed claim reclassified antenna following redesign spokesman world trade center tallest building announced wait final decision redesigned count building height november announced count building recognized height giving final height feet making tallest building like buildings new complex includes sustainable architecture features building structure interior built recycled materials including boards ceiling tiles percent tower waste products recycled roof area tower limited building collection recycling scheme cooling systems building acid fuel cells generate power waste steam generates electricity selected provide tower fuel cell system largest fuel cell installations world completed tower makes use site hydroelectric wind power windows ultra clear glass allows maximum sunlight pass interior lighting equipped automatically dim lights sunny days reducing energy costs like new facilities site heated steam limited oil natural gas utilities site expected receive leadership energy environmental design gold certification making environmentally sustainable world safety security security features protection provided reinforced concrete base number safety features included building design prepared major accident terrorist attack like world trade center building foot thick reinforced concrete walls elevator shafts systems extra wide dedicated set exclusively use firefighters biological chemical filters ventilation system comparison original twin towers purely steel central core house utility functions protected lightweight panels building longer feet away twin towers closest point feet away windows facing equipped specially tempered blast resistant plastic looks like glass sides building stated structure designed strong redundant steel moment frame consisting beams columns connected combination paired concrete core shear wall moment frame substantial overall building structure providing column free interior spans maximum flexibility addition optimal safety design new security measures implemented vehicles screened radioactive materials potentially dangerous objects enter site underground road closed circuit surveillance cameras placed site live camera feeds continuously monitored computer system use video computer software designed detect potential threats bags retrieve images based descriptions terrorists criminal suspects new_york_city police patrol site site fully completed plaza completely opened public original plaza initial stage opening process began thursday national september memorial ended period visitors required undergo airport style security screening expected end december screening fully end official dedication opening museum visitors allowed use plaza needing passes incidents march tower scaled year old new_jersey resident entered site hole fence subsequently arrested charges allegedly dressed like construction worker convinced elevator operator lift tower floor according news sources floor walked past sleeping security guard climbed ladder antenna took pictures hours elevator operator reassigned guard fired revealed officials failed install security cameras tower facilitated entry site week incident people male construction worker site arrested base jump conducted september posted video jump online result incidents head security resigned march controversies social center previous included restaurant floor called windows world earth tourist attractions right gathering spot people worked towers restaurant housed prestigious wine schools united_states called windows world wine school run wine personality despite numerous assurances attractions rebuilt scrapped plans rebuild outraged observers fortified base tower source controversy critics including said dull reflects sense fear freedom leading dub building fear tower architecture critic new_york_times calls tower base attempt disguise underlying paranoia statue building america life half scale bronze statue commemorating actions weeks war afghanistan unveiled public veteran day parade new_york_city november statue displayed float traveled fifth avenue north 23rd street 56th street dedicated day ceremony led vice president lieutenant general commander commander task force dagger initial days war afghanistan temporarily located inside new_york_city opposite public monument honor united_states special forces monument commemorating north_carolina october monument tower inscription base sculpture bears america response monument latin subtitle subtitle traditionally translated free oppressed motto green inspired monument piece steel original embedded base statue dedicated lieutenant general deputy commanding general soldiers representing attended dedication ceremony land monument stands donated private wall street firm statue cost needed money donated hundreds private citizens including survivors september attacks owners tenants principally owned new_jersey percent equity building sold private real estate company exchange investment million assisted supervising building construction manages building having responsibility property management tenant installations september percent building floor space leased new signed years space leased gone percent november state new_york agreed year square feet lease option extend lease term occupy square feet initially agreed lease square feet planned occupy square feet ceded floor space july withdrew lease contract april announced seeking operate observation deck tower floor legends management agreed operate observatory year million contract building lease joint project beijing based announced march china center combining business cultural facilities planned floors intended represent chinese business cultural links united_states serve american companies wish conduct business china industrial lease years months april new interior design unveiled featuring vertical folding garden based proposal chinese artist august signed tentative agreement headquarters offices magazines occupying square feet floor space reached final agreement securing year lease estimated value billion finalized lease contract obtaining square feet office space floors lease includes square feet usable space podium grade floors mail messenger services storage use january reported additional square feet space occupying floors moved november failed january manhattan based law firm sign square feet lease contract negotiations broke deal abruptly canceled march key figures developer developer complex retains control surrounding buildings control tower signed year lease site july remains actively involved aspects site redevelopment process construction new tower began involved insurance dispute tower terms lease agreement signed paid million gave right obligation rebuild structures destroyed september attacks series disputes insurance companies concerning insurance policies covered original towers resulted construction delayed trial resulted verdict given april verdict involved dispute subject occurrence interpretation liability limited face value policies added second trial group time jury unable reach verdict days later finding company subject occurrence interpretation appealed swiss decision appeal failed october second trial resulted verdict december jury determined subject occurrences interpretation referring fact different planes destroyed towers september attacks liable maximum double face value particular policies billion highest potential billion buildings march appeared rally construction workers public officials outside insurance industry conference highlighted describes failures pay million claims related attacks state agreement split payments cause concern key project favorite architects joined project urged developed design proposal initially collaborating revised design address security concerns architect tower responsible overseeing day day design development architect won competition develop plan new tower gave initial proposal called memory foundations design design included aerial gardens center later denied request place tower location path station instead placed block west line resemble original designs later scrapped architects chosen design buildings element initial plan included final design tower symbolic height feet father builder original led construction team selected builder douglas presidents real estate development company won right invest million project july august long time tenant confirmed tentative deal finalized deal contract negotiated receive million fee percentage base building changes result net economic benefit project signed contract savings million stepping percent savings increase joined project significant changes building including foot base tower plaza west building facing hudson_river approved revisions construction workers films short subject documentary entitled feel work uploaded youtube august depicted construction workers satisfied working conditions construction site analysis work site showed dozens construction related injuries occurred site construction including reported workers left related graffiti site supposed symbolize rebirth cited sources simon future terrorism divided stand biography new_york basic books isbn | One World Trade Center | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
14473_ConstitutionCenter(Washington,D.C.) | washington constitution center known david building office building located 7th street washington feet high floors covering entire city block largest privately owned office building district_of_columbia current tenants include february worth million making valuable property city original structure 1950s governing institution district_of_columbia undertook southwest urban renewal project capital district earliest programs nation congress passed district_of_columbia redevelopment act established provided legal authority clear land funds spur redevelopment capital congress gave authority designate land redeveloped funded passage housing act study found small southwest quarter city suffered high concentrations old poorly maintained buildings threats public health lack running indoor water sewage systems electricity central heating indoor toilets competing visions redevelopment ranged renovation wholesale neighborhoods view prevailed likely qualify federal funding original plans called demolition structures beginning legal challenges led area mid-1950s issues surrounding planning construction plaza immediately west site delayed construction buildings block late 1960s purchased land welfare wished purchase site new headquarters declined sell property federal government pay taxes land structures owns wanted private owner add tax base attempted sell land january buyers building constructed agreement boston developer july president began planning unite disparate transportation agencies new property owner manager federal government began seeking lease build structure house new agency late chief division knew previous lease negotiation discussed building size approached april asked buy newly razed block land bounded 6th 7th streets sent letter advising likely lease entire structure intended build million land purchase finalized october cost structure unclear november secured million construction loan washington_post cost building million july newspaper said august cost structure million building designed architect designed john kennedy center performing arts april leased entire building years million chief contractor construction began july delayed short time site went strike completed main entrance faced 7th street included central courtyard open sky featured fountain benches landscaping foot high arcades pierced building center block creating access courtyard facade vertical marble ribs obtained quarry near italy provided marble kennedy center finished building floors basement floors square feet space square feet usable space largest privately owned office building city time contacts later subject legal investigation shared inside information plans later invested business officer relationship left december letter indicating intention lease set irregular building public knowledge august internal critical process costs lease month building called question common business practice initial provide interim loan construction loan build building interim loan paid second mortgage receives payments building owner local bank provided interim construction loan paid construction loan payment halted loan officer dealt indicted taking bribes approve loans pension fund refused provide loan sued payment threatened building building served headquarters dot building designed interior walls permit easy interior space november federal government exercised powers eminent domain seized control story basement parking garage order provide inexpensive parking dot workers years government workers complained working structure believed suffered sick building syndrome owner building disputed claims announced leave building owners promised million renovation included new air ventilation cleaning system agency stay owners unsuccessfully sued force renew federal lease building completed building new headquarters june plaza metro station opened entrance structure north arcade july entrance opened day opening day entrance inside underground shopping center plaza opened october june opened million virginia avenue half block north renovation announced million renovation building renamed constitution center architectural firm overseeing redesign oversaw construction renovation included highest security features building area included central perimeter security system closing central plaza building changes increased interior footage square feet steel underground parking garage columns capable powerful explosion fully staffed security screening points concrete built façade communication water utilities contained blast proof spaces ventilation shafts parking garage secure area special security procedures obtain access building critical systems security enhancements office building suitable federal agencies exception square foot underground parking garage contains spaces amenities added building included square foot seat auditorium courtyard plaza level room square feet conference center accommodate meetings people service plaza level access courtyard fitness center people exterior building radically changed celebrated key visual feature building exterior vertical white marble completely removed found age weather fundamentally changed nature building public outcry replaced energy efficient glass facade significant renovation feature structure use beam system uses heated water circulated strategically placed columns interior space cool warm building test efficiency beam technology system installed building tested year architect agreed use system test specifications installation represented large scale use beam technology united_states energy saving enhancements included motion daylight turn lights needed special exterior windows automatically dim prevent daytime heating building ventilation system upgraded renovation left structure square feet interior space final cost renovation million aesthetic improvements building features acre park open sky central courtyard courtyard concrete removed trees shrubs flowers planted absorb park longer accessible public includes large granite abstract art sculpture legacy sculpture meant reflect original facade building memory son plaza metro station entrance building street entrance closed october july building reconstruction renovation installed artwork internationally known artist near entrance strong beams light passed dyed glass brightly colored patterns ceiling light sculpture titled transformation building renovation rebirth registered renovated won awards construction news web site gave building project year renovation restoration december march bestowed award excellence installing power generation distribution constitution center january valued million city tax making valuable private property city year tenants recession left renovated building struggling find tenants nearly years opened occupancy april homeland security nasa explored chose august sec signed letter contract square feet space constitution center sec planned occupancy september january agreed lease square feet space signed agreement occupy square feet space occupied building march sec occupancy building occur planned october sec informed needed square feet square feet leased january sec inspector general launched investigation sec leased proper legal sec chairman strongly criticized republicans united_states house_of_representatives handling lease personally approved unclear sec occupy space building sec inspector general requested formal opinion lease violated act inspector general said sec space needed sec projected expansion percent figures justify sec committing expenditure million years early july said agreed release sec occupying square feet space constitution center company asked sec million build expenses incurred august july agency declined said declined file suit agency indicated continue negotiate sec federal agencies seek time said considering prosecute officials sec lease handling alleged documents designed justify occupancy issues constitution center confused legislative action october transportation infrastructure voted permit lease square feet space constitution center vacate apex building turned legislation adopted congress march directed analyze space needs federal agencies district_of_columbia issue report committee meet needs reported june held little space house entire costly accounting moving expenses rental prices instead proposed lease additional space street leased space additional room available april said sec owed rent company said letter contract required agency pay million month beginning november april agency owed million rent company spokesperson said agency disputed cost saying build interior completed sec officials said agency needed space constitution center sec working find federal tenants lease late said lease square feet space building major consolidation offices city july congressional pressure moved workers constitution center leased locations street deal kept apex building headquarters months later rented space constitution center signing sale april announced putting sale said hoped find buyer end summer company said hoped million purchase price real estate banking firm assisted securing buyer june reported negotiated purchase agreement unable reach agreement withdrew discussions deal sale agreed december unidentified investor represented purchased percent interest building sale price million square foot square meters sale price expensive history single building paid square foot record went building market square pennsylvania avenue sold square foot deal closed february announces wind operations remaining obligations city tax said value rose million million increase million making valuable property district_of_columbia | Constitution Center (Washington, D.C.) | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
14573_Oyasato-yakata | complex collection buildings japan form incomplete square metres surrounding divine residence structure sacred japanese new religion task area residence informed religious prophecy city planning construction began project continues today massive organizational undertaking understood adherents spiritual practice creating model city reflects belief life practice involved entire community volunteers assist construction professors plan scope future wings archaeologists excavated ancient artifacts beneath foundations complex includes currently wings complex complete complete structure calls wings origins beginning 20th century teachings popular japan following decades devoted followers residence rural perceived birthplace world villages surrounding slowly filled ministers area popular international school built followers attracting variety people area time second community leader conceived creating grand construction project testament loyalty followers commissioned famed architect draw blueprint area arranged buildings meter boulevard come residence north south axis school buildings lined classrooms large built end boulevard international school library eventually integrated plan january middle school built according plan japan mobilized pacific war plan temporarily shelved war occupation chief architecture asked design large lecture hall accommodate people site old girls school considering location school meters west residence thought old prophecy recorded anecdotes day south window room gatehouse looking vast bamboo rice fields suddenly said someday neighborhood filled houses houses line street seven square filled divine residence meters square time tiny cult centered house farming village growth city paralleling prophecy seen repeated think small things original idea planned school buildings classrooms enormous central hub eventually fill square began consider relationships planned buildings residence buildings placed directly residence reasoned residence shadow sunrise crowd importance permission developed new overarching plan school library buildings surrounding residence new plan arranged buildings great square open space inside dubbed roughly meaning grounds japanese government merged villages surrounding residence single city dubbed year central church announced construction wing continuing development currently overseen committee small office seminary construction designed lines period housing modernized reinforced walls multiple stories emergency access result fusion western japanese architecture gaps left ground floors pedestrians making space designed eye ground level time roofs visible north city construction began followers founded volunteered time labor help build corps continues work today corner complex built cost billion enormous expense given economic depression time foundations complex dug archaeological investigation uncovered prehistoric artifacts typical construction sparsely inhabited village time lies confirmed cultural center prehistoric japan timeline construction influence city information theorist noting description realization prophecy saying construction form lies construction hearts refers ongoing construction medium claiming gives renewed relevance teachings introduces physical context giving active role shaping city time thoughts believers come grand scale architecture elder written following subject vision world concepts beliefs apart actual world place living beings lead lives place required lives ordinary place living centered place children return longing parent embraced love god parent seek mind single hearted god joy parent children living peace harmony notes foremost massive accomplishment city planning ground level architecture compared somewhat massive complex vienna evoke architectural form specifically designed evoke construct use japanese roofs modern city rare sheer size makes unique world commenting article theologian adds final interpretation believers funded built structure inspire individual faith bridge life individual determines inner substance faith world life organized community | Oyasato-yakata | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
14718_Queen'sPier | queen pier queen pier named queen_victoria public pier city hall central hong_kong generations served public pier day day use major ceremonial arrival departure point pier witnessed official arrival hong_kong hong_kong governors elizabeth_ii landed prince princess wales second final pier structure built newly reclaimed waterfront designed modern style opened wife governor june april pier closed government enable land soon adjacent pier closed fierce opposition carried campaign preserve landmark police officers evicted protesters site august activists filed judicial review high_court hearing began august august court dismissed request finally queen pier completely demolished february base piles removed march government attempts create appearance public support pier new waterfront criticised history wooden pier site known queen statue wharf replaced ceremonial landing area british royal family visiting hong_kong successive governors assert authority arrival governor land november preceding governor boarded victoria pier end term october pier pier originally named statue pier renamed queen pier honour queen_victoria july sheltered pier concrete steel round pillars arches built waterfront street site present cost intended opened time arrival edward prince wales construction delays postponed completion october demolished january pier post war old pier demolished work commenced february new pier new waterfront designed modern style structure described shaped plan open sided superstructure consisted reinforced concrete base pillars modelled previous piers area flat roof concrete topped sets stairs allowed boat passengers board located north east west pier considered integral ceremonial cluster including city hall edinburgh place formed time entrance formed axis pier lend sense occasion visiting dignitaries secondary design goal public access limited open space central contrast city pier opened wife governor june function pier primary role ceremonial traditional landing place successive governors arrive central board official governor yacht dock queen pier 1960s governors inspect guard honour followed swearing city hall queen landed visit arriving plane airport prince princess wales landed november pier secondary role public pier pleasure craft allowed dock tour boats offering view harbour pier passenger boarding finishing line annual cross harbour swimming race ceremonies declined pier secondary purpose main people met area april pier closed order facilitate land central future outset fate pier linked central project unveiled explicitly spelled scale slightly cut following significant legal battles government position following controversy demolition star ferry pier early activists declared queen pier battle ground conservation policy government hong_kong criticism received handling star ferry pier caused secretary propose piece piece relocation pier new location reclaimed waterfront session march government later unveiled design options relocation intended closure pier april end january government declared postpone demolition queen pier consensus reached course action held members opposed pier originally maintained pier remain untouched reported meeting government persuaded government pier dismantled location completion change heart heavily criticised founder clarified opposition fact changed chief executive said saving past hurt hong_kong called activists balanced view economic growth conservation soon election chief executive march government pressed ahead plans entire pier piece piece enabling ahead government said preservation apparently viable paper risk damage pier furthermore argued important underground facilities airport railway extended overrun tunnel affected saying natural track required setting aside technical difficulties huge risk involved works construction extended overrun tunnel cost million years complete appearing public forum pier july secretary development repeated government insistence keeping pier option said people false hope performance public debates praised secretary development conflict interest head criticised said governmental authority suggested keeping pier storing end july issued paper lands works panel erected end july target completing preservation works november suggested pier pitched roof halves concrete columns cut roof deck level pieces labeled lifted crane barge transported government explosives depot stored guard paper suggested location place december alignment proposed road involved district councils government polled fourteen voted support relocating pier new water july activists cried foul councils revealed preservation pier existing location forth options vice councils voted support objected decision informed possible options table chief town said omitted proposal efficient option create unnecessary construction waste revealed august government motions supporting relocation pier new waterfront condemned government order create public opinion urban design alliance doubted consultation saying government engineered results said problematic framework councils led work closely government said copy paste queen pier motions passed councils support government decisions rubber stamp clear sign councils lacked independence position original designer pier backed preservation saying loss adjacent open space future generations come regret denounced government insistence pier feasible option disregard pier grade status architects concluded technical difficulties government reasons current design convincing environmental groups angered government costs technical difficulties keeping pier original site proposed metre wide road planned 1980s obsolete waterfront inaccessible public chairman drew attention fact spending infrastructure past years billion contrasted poorly million spent acquiring heritage sites accused government misleading public development plans restoration pier criticised failing grasp economical cultural social importance heritage preservation campaign public media september legislator took swim bearing plaque saying goodbye queen protest central particularly loss queen pier soon unsuccessful attempt save star ferry pier early campaign preserve pier launched ahead closure members public arrived tie blue indicate desire preserve harbour april protesters rallied pier launching farewell ditch attempt urge government reconsider petition signatures arts community collected occupation pier started activists designated closure date campaign boosted appearance early morning april sign petition appeal pre police hurt protesters activists like involved star ferry pier protest took turns maintain round clock presence spent nights week site despite working time job block demolition non violently way july students group called started hunger strike pier hunger said government wasn chosen use humble limited voices government responded communications offensive announcing secretary development appear city forum public forum july pier july government ordered end unlawful occupation government land midnight activists vowed order held pier attended government risk violent confrontation immediately deadline operation lasted hours daylight hours august police officers cleared away protesters site amid complained observers denied access area application million fund relocating pier scheduled debate sub committee day hold public hearing decide historical grading pier government stressed timing coincidence refused vote pending outcome vote hour long heated debate government forced withdraw motion lack support usually pro government called vote postponed equally government government ministers declared plans list pier declared monument insisted direct relationship grading demolish relocate pier debate director said site pronounced class monument remained legally binding prohibition demolition chairman said failing muster support implement policies government like crab weak legs government claimed handling issue line chief executive recent election campaign regain moral high ground heritage preservation following mistakes star ferry saga legislative councillor said sincerity government preserve historic venues public works approved government submitted request funds relocate queen pier vote voted appropriation revealed lobbied party allow cast opposing vote said regretted funding approval advisory board grading vote held public hearing board members voted grade listing pier majority members voted grade listing voted grade listing status binding government hearing activist local action declared decision victory people warned government treat voice people lightly legal challenge officials arrived july notices ordering end unlawful occupation government land activists filed judicial review claiming decision secretary declare structure monument illegal high_court set date case heard august judge said case future queen pier heard great public interest outcome justified week respite site august high_court dismissed request judicial review giving ahead government demolish judge ruled applicants failed establish government acted controversy majority members work government departments backed preservation pier apparent turn position paper submitted government backing relocation waterfront location based sparsely attended meeting submitted revised paper presenting majority members supported conclusion prior completion survey vice president institute questioned institute allies government popular culture pier featured following programmes videos date vampire life simple days music video goodbye bell song movie set hong_kong year television miniseries miniseries starring | Queen's Pier | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
15184_PetrilloMusicShell | music shell simply music shell commonly known outdoor loop community area chicago illinois united_states serves host large annual music festivals city chicago blues festival chicago jazz festival taste chicago host smaller attendance annual events moved newer chicago gospel music festival chicago latin music festival located south end relocated shell commissioned mayor chicago wake great depression help lift spirits free concerts music shell named president president created free concert series commissioner 1990s music shell known traditional independence day concert celebration coordinated city fireworks display july location layout commissioners south_park predecessor located temporary wooden park near michigan hosted large events band performances remained place years suggested free concerts lift spirits great depression depression new technological innovations records radios sound films led declining demand live music job market musicians year buildings built offered organize seventy person concert band free summer concerts park commissioners build band shell electric lighting dressing rooms construction wood fiber design began budget today dollars opening free concerts commenced august construction completed weeks july oversaw beginning free concerts original located south end park lake shore drive originally referred grant park band shell renamed dedicated honor numerous plans proposals replace original band shell beginning soon festival began prominent post plan thousand seat butterfly design canopy band shell block immediately east eventually came host second incarnation referendum held november election day ballot million structure minute bond issue denied plan thousand seat music bowl 1970s original deteriorated point performers grand piano fallen stage floor amid musicians joked need hard hats despite repair expenditures city performers considering season protected legislation affirmed previous forever open clear free year city chicago incorporated united_states secretary war roberts declared land street madison street east michigan avenue public ground forever remain vacant buildings known inventor mail order protector twice sued city chicago force remove buildings structures building new ones result city termed montgomery ward height restrictions buildings structures plans place build murphy associates designed million million concrete band shell atop new underground parking garage community groups defended ward restrictions necessitated expensive band shell butler field newly relocated built current location miles north original location designed temporary dismantled semi permanent designation ward cost million million official street address music shell encompasses entire block bounded lake shore drive east columbus drive west east monroe street north street south places block east block north buckingham fountain block south plaza southeast millennium park paved surface public seating southwest corner block served main stages recent celebrations history concerts began band shell august july campaign stop way acceptance speech democratic nominee president democratic national convention chicago stadium separate parks merged park consolidation act order gain new deal federal funding mayor named president board suggested free symphonic concert series agreement raise money season highly attended continue program season began july ran labor day total concerts performed times large concert bands led performed end summer crowds attending nightly free concerts summer total attendance estimated million viewed sufficient success committed assuming financial responsibility entire ongoing annual outdoor concert series concerts season broadcast nationwide radio broadcasts following death performed tribute concert aired station nationwide radio network blue death music hosted symbolic events time world war july celebration city united_states_navy recruit sailor representation navy pier salute color guard held band shell public address system added following war usage increased heavily scheduling grant park music festival appearance actual july appearance won moscow april international fame winning world elite music competitions result greeted celebration included tape parade michigan avenue grant park music festival appearance major event following year band shell served host location concerts opening celebration pan american games final grant park music festival concert featured backdrop formation demonstrations democratic national convention attempted negotiate protesters march route attempted encourage march band shell protesters decided march directly host relocated band shell began hosting annual independence day fireworks concert featuring newly relocated able host new festivals taste chicago annual july independence day fireworks celebration jazz gospel festivals october pope presided largest public mass held chicago altar platform erected band shell delivered kind platform promoted chicago held event band shell rallies celebrating national_basketball_association championships occurred band shell performance miniature prototype designed audio system eventually tested stage annual festival artists performed pavilion decade 21st century dawn controversies built members family wanted named debate concerts festivals remain moved initial plan larger annual music festivals taste chicago continue held music shell large hosted pavilion smaller festivals hosted pavilion public opinion smaller events moved better modern pavilion city budget deficit considered parts larger festivals modern venue definite plans smaller ones | Petrillo Music Shell | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
15467_HarmondsworthGreatBarn | known medieval barn village london borough england previously historic county middlesex north west fields airport built early 15th century largest timber framed building england regarded outstanding example medieval described english poet similar smaller barn complex barn briefly royal ownership passed hands families continued use agricultural purposes late 1970s subsequently owned property development company redeveloped farm complex company went bankrupt barn bought property betting compensation value nearby airport expanded barn fell disrepair closed public day year english_heritage stepped rare legal procedure carry repairs owner consent eventually purchased barn january open public april october second fourth sunday month management group structure barn measures metres long metres wide metres high bays running north south direction occupies square metres internal volume cubic metres doors east permit entry wagons exterior barn roof originally larger structure wings north wing dismantled rebuilt demolished hamlet site modern airport vast majority surviving structure original estimated cent including external survived original building described english_heritage supreme example late medieval masterpiece containing best intact interiors age type europe outstanding example late medieval barn largest timber framed building england type based longitudinal frame rows posts connected arcade plates tend long high experience high structural loads wind numerous internal acting way buttresses strengthen structure gives barn distinctive internal appearance beams holding roof techniques construction similar employed great built time probably involved barn main posts oak inches square sits block sandstone common building material medieval london posts cut shape axes marks seen instances builders cut fitted ground roman called assembly marks joints indicate pieces timber combined pairs main posts large individual trees cut placed upside relative original direction tree tree wider greater width needed accommodate joints beams support roof despite care builders took joints right mistakes way holes alternatively reused construction rows arcade posts support tie beams curved strengthen frame collar beam supports opposing principal supported crown post roof run length barn principal additional support curved wind aspects design unusual way executed terms early date number features barn described english_heritage experimental unusual attributed high level skill master built use enabled barn architects increase width provided maximum space floors longer barn floors provided english went evolution number floors earliest central floor design found britain unusual having floors allowing grain time boards exterior barn mixture oak pine fir modern relatively modern origins south end barn noticeably lighter colour rest result repairs fire barn roof holds tile courses total tiles originally held place oak tiles replaced years oak replaced nails effects decay floor barn originally hard packed flint gravel held iron excavated local gravel deposit readily available alternative stone subsequent years repaired brick tile ultimately cement original appearance floor indication looked obtained outside west barn design barn provided inspiration number architects 19th 20th centuries involved gothic revival movement sir visited barn design basis proposals new new_zealand library oxford designed late 1880s owes inspiration barn library completed designed origins barn design history manor owned king seized death battle hastings years later william granted close subsequently transferred acquired abbot prior william gave founded establishment revenues went supporting college great barn site early manor record shows men wanted required great barn sunset recorded survey conducted survey recorded existence monastic addition wheat barn damaged storm records sent repairs large quantity tiles nails materials purchased time existing barn evidently inadequate college records indicate commissioned men john obtain kingston thames use new barn date matches early fifteenth century origin great barn established architect known possible involved main carpenter oxford master carpenter windsor castle worked repairing church practically door manor involved appears employed college time completed barn store grain manor farm manor taken king henry viii add hunting estate appear shortly granted family remained hands half 20th century manor owned family farm died farm sold died late 1970s scheduled monument given grade listed building status march new heritage protection legislation brought force barn continued agricultural purposes late 1970s couple narrow escapes 20th century second world war german flying bomb flattened nearby barn managed roof tiles great barn barn southern bay seriously damaged fire subsequently restored building greatly admired poet sir dubbed cathedral middlesex underwent detailed eighteen month survey late 1980s later went rebuild shakespeare globe theatre supported neglect rescue barn surrounding property purchased builder property developer aimed restore barn serve showcase company farm underwent major changes dilapidated buildings demolished new shaped office building constructed facing barn planning permission granted basis income new offices supposed pay ongoing repairs barn following initial renovation carried company went buildings individually sold new owners receiver attempts sell barn separately fell receiver offered barn english heritage refused offer instead gibraltar based company calling bought barn company assets reported seeking speculate obtaining compensation proposed expansion airport compensation paid land required property demolished barn fell slightly outside area required new runway new owners effort maintain barn fell disrepair closed public apart annual day opening conjunction september raised alarm edition magazine cornerstone deteriorating condition barn highlighted magazine cover story magazine reported recent visit dozen gaps roof seen large site appeared lack fire fighting equipment easily accessed plants taken root stone brick begun damage medieval blocks barn stands english heritage issued statement saying owner barn declined engage english_heritage local authority years despite offers help support advice grants noted expansion area surround site barn sides according plans seen propose demolition removal leaves question marks barn future particular issues viability setting following publication cornerstone article english_heritage stepped begin legal proceedings lead compulsory purchase barn carried emergency repairs barn november owners consent agency carried unusual legal manoeuvre speed works barn scheduled monument grade listed building enabled notice issued owners objections repairs mainly involved fixing holes roof preventing rain water repairing sides intervention english_heritage led protracted dispute cost repairs scheduled come trial april january settlement reached sold barn english_heritage time government abandoned plans expand airport barn liability company chief executive english_heritage called barn greatest medieval buildings britain built skilled worked magnificent medieval rescue heart english heritage local member parliament praised hard work local people english heritage staff said secured wonderful building future generations welcomed decision calling barn symbols dominance rural economy past immense investment materials agriculture deserved reopening future management barn managed volunteers local preservation group acting behalf owners english heritage open public free second fourth sunday month april october | Harmondsworth Great Barn | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
15578_WirgmanBuilding | building early 19th century federal style commercial residential building located route west_virginia following completion serve branch office virginia times served location subsequent bank established include american civil war building military prison time building second floor housed offices printing plant newspaper ground floor building housed office space second floor divided apartments building sustained damage fire demolished way construction new headquarters building prior demolition photographed documented national_park_service history trustees town commissioned draft survey map prior survey 6th lord cameron commissioned similar survey town incorporation december june submitted trustees plan town divided town land lots equal size lots adjacent courthouse comprising square building later built land lot numbered lot cemetery present lot courthouse square cemetery located actual site rear future virginia building erected house office newly established branch virginia headquartered winchester virginia act february virginia authorized open branches berkeley hampshire hardy jefferson counties citizens aforementioned areas raise usd stock establish branch provision met necessary stock raised virginia branch opened historian traveled described town considerable business branch stores inhabitants bank branch continued operate virginia winchester suspended operations branches following outbreak american_civil_war american civil war american civil war frequently military prison union_army forces spring spy command lieutenant captured union_army soldiers conducting reconnaissance mission determine size strength union_army forces occupying pending transfer military prison tried suspected spy blue imprisoned room second floor building early morning easter day blue disabled guard duty disguised union_army coat proceeded remainder prison garrison blue walked periphery town unnoticed occupying union_army forces successfully safety newspaper occupied building second floor offices printing plant later west_virginia governor brother purchased newspaper newspaper continued operate second floor building brothers relocated office printing plant floor new brick building newspaper printing plant second floor building printed hand operated printing press banking operations ceased duration american_civil_war new banking institution established september year coordinated effort leading citizens amassed entirety initial offering shares stock establishment shareholders petitioned secretary state west_virginia charter capital stock totaling usd following state approval charter commenced operations december bank occupied rented rooms building floor shared bank initially safe bank vault security bank provided slept bank office rooms building security enhanced installation wire glass bars windows bank residency building served bank president began spaces floor building immediately incorporation moved main street new bank building building housed banking institution years later opened june utilizing floor office space vacated building moved new story building known national building corner main high streets times construction building served location subsequent bank established virginia later years final years housed office spaces floor second floor divided apartments national_park_service historic american buildings survey photographed documented architectural details building time documentation building ownership family surname likely gave structure local referred supplemental documentation completed september west virginia state road commission released road map highlighting history highlands photographs included feature building lieutenant escape tenure military prison american civil war building sustained damage fire purchased demolished neighboring way construction bank new headquarters building having location returned main street site building following completion new larger headquarters facility historical markers building original site erected confederacy commemorating escape lieutenant use union_army military prison second marker reads original site building built razed architectural historian asserts significant early buildings demolished town major losses architecture existing information architectural details known documentation written exterior building federal style architecture thick walled rising stories constructed brick building built flemish bond style building façade american bond style building sides rear face building façade measured feet sides measured feet rear extension measuring feet length building featured brick end walls sides according documentation building bricks measured size interior circular wall panel wooden door rounded mimic wall located building entrance hall hall hall featured turned shafts crafted maple stairs featured step ends documentation described coffee style locks door features building panel wooden doors reported maintained original decorative trim fireplace | Wirgman Building | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
15589_HartfordCityCourthouseSquareHistoricDistrict | historic district located indiana population county seat site county courthouse national_park_service interior added national_register_of_historic_places june meaning buildings objects contribute continuity district worthy preservation historical architectural significance district resources including contributing buildings non contributing buildings contributing object world war statue non contributing objects buildings listed separately district significance relates discovery natural gas east central region indiana discovery led regional economic boom known beginning late 1880s lasting years changed economy appearance region situated center 19th 20th centuries buildings district constructed era buildings district built architectural styles including buildings changed original appearance history began late 1830s log near creek community originally named later changed discovered existed indiana east central indiana version named county seat early existence ensuring importance took years rural community grow population nearly time community planners plan railroads linked community cities beginning 1860s focus agriculture entire county people working manufacturing june formed february company found natural gas march year directors company found district buildings today oil natural gas discovered county city began period rapid growth described future metropolis city successfully railroad facilities abundant natural gas resource manufacturers locate boom town good fortune natural gas oil discovered adjacent counties entire region transformed year period known manufacturers moved area examination infrastructure transformation city apparent wooden buildings surrounding courthouse prior vulnerable fire district major fires wooden buildings torn replaced brick buildings courthouse replaced magnificent stone brick structure recent photo eventually rail line ran east courthouse square providing easy access courthouse square commercial district adding rail lines served city economic transformation city apparent examining city population city grown population people worked manufacturing addition merchants physicians lawyers necessary growing population population manufacturing figures considerably larger pre gas boom figures gas oil depleted early 20th century era came end permanently changed city infrastructure vastly improved buildings commercial district surrounding courthouse square brick stone instead wood municipal built available surrounding rural areas percent houses wired electricity roads paved line easier travel cities manufacturing facilities depended low cost source fuel closed boom remained city better alternative city manufacturing jobs supply skilled manufacturing personnel skilled workforce remained city boom found new automobile auto parts manufacturing facilities beginning located nearby cities architecture styles architecture represented collection buildings revival examples queen anne style found grouped styles called victorian architecture buildings constructed styles 19th century likely decorative ornamentation face like object east shown buildings constructed later 20th century district buildings constructed era styles architecture prevalent styles popular later 20th century additional architecture styles represented outstanding example art style found district single outstanding example style commercial building east washington street district sole representative art style architecture architecture popular district contributing buildings built style style architecture known round arches openings smooth surfaces belt courses typical variation revival architectural style known popular america near end 19th century construction courthouse took place courthouse outstanding examples variation revival style photos corner tower arched windows entrances pitched roofs multiple exterior textures typical style architecture buildings differ original buildings having rough exterior surfaces instead smooth surfaces buildings built revival style arched windows multiple exterior textures identified photos buildings boundaries located original center community includes significant portions city historic commercial district town typical communities rectangular blocks streets running north south east west layout courthouse surrounded open area common design midwest united_states courthouse square historic district includes courthouse surrounding blocks northern street district water street borders southern district west past high street east reaches half block past street adjacent shows district buildings buildings exactly scale property locations shown orange sites outstanding buildings historic architectural significance buildings listed national_register_of_historic_places locations shown bright green buildings considered notable historic architectural significance buildings sites monument denoted pale green contribute continuity district dark gray locations properties contribute historic district contributing buildings torn added additional era buildings located nearby mentioned history van block block gone time district nominated outstanding properties indiana renamed identified seven properties courthouse square historic district historic architectural significance potentially listed national_register_of_historic_places properties assigned rating outstanding rating properties assessed historic significance architectural merit environment integrity seven outstanding properties listed contributing properties listed national_register_of_historic_places added national_register_of_historic_places august like buildings built county original courthouse condemned removed enable construction new stone structure courthouse built designed indiana courthouse features style architecture adjacent photo building main entrances north south open main hall walls feature marble ceilings covered steel important consideration courthouse construction plan architecture size courthouse dominates downtown reflects wealth city considered monument era continuing monument theme grounds courthouse location american war memorials including structures commemorating revolutionary war world war world war korean war vietnam war civil war monument added added national_register_of_historic_places june building designed local architect built style monumental building built construction church building started completed church oldest church building located corner franklin high streets structure features huge stained glass windows installed local glass workers photo chapel contains features pipe organ partially funded donation businessman philanthropist major addition original structure exterior building looks 1890s outstanding properties county jail completed considered outstanding example style architecture located jail oldest contributing building existence son architectural firm firm indianapolis builder campbell building built style story building crowned large bears limestone tablet reads campbell building addresses west washington street building originally office building occupants early 1900s attorney insurance agents physician steamship agent built queen anne style occupies addresses west facade corner building features windows appears stained glass center building dry goods store housed building 1890s early 1900s store sold clothing hats shoes photo building built style located corner high address washington street early city engraved limestone building located centrally atop photo corner building far right spelled earlier years builder building building constructed nearby listed national_register_of_historic_places german merchant sold goods portland indiana time partnered section eventually settled indianapolis key contributor city buildings built period built great depression project construction began finished designed example style architecture located south high street notable properties indiana identified properties courthouse square historic district average importance research properties historic architectural significance listed national_register_of_historic_places properties assigned rating notable rating properties assessed historic significance architectural merit environment integrity notable properties listed contributing properties east washington street commercial building building constructed art modern style architecture evolved architectural style found hotel story building built style corner building occupies addresses located corner jefferson main streets northeast corner courthouse square photo hotel written limestone second story building facade building constructed opened public january hotel originally guest rooms featured large dining room excellent food hotel building included saloon known grand opening included dinner guests plus entertainment provided orchestra hotel original proprietor hotel month existence arrivals building site grocery hotel known local business executive community leading citizens lived room hotel years half 20th century stevens described richest men news death discovered black man living white man town white designed constructed building architecture mixture classical located west main street photo story building decorative limestone elements resemble flames possibly tribute found western tablet found eastern panel offices main street building early 1900s doctor attorney held meetings building early 1900s tumultuous period 1920s office floor building events helped drive including happened building happened blocks away disturbing murder case state leader disgusted members uncle local owner assisted prosecution case second safe building broken names local members revealed violence occurred event blocks courthouse caused mayor order local leader town renaissance revival building built located found story building written limestone tablet building star like patterns brick windows ran business building early 1900s building site silent movies shown accompanied piano years later theater closed building home tavern theater owned elegant beautifully decorated building originally called unlike buildings district building built architectural style structure located east washington street properties properties addition listed outstanding notable contribute built contributors listed terminology describe buildings era slightly different today term block describe group offices stores located building instead referring building seen boundaries descriptions block buildings occupy entire city block multiple offices multiple occupants example new_york_times article refers instead article lists multiple businesses occupied building example found business attorneys businesses listed address block block building names rely building names found forms publications indiana bank block story building constructed style 1880s early 1900s located address law firm barber listed bank block addresses southern portion original building original appearance located corner jefferson washington streets address northern portion substantially considered separate building words bank block northern portion occupies addresses north jefferson street north building features removed indiana picture page entire magnificent building circa story revival building constructed occupies addresses west colors brick found facade effectively dividing building sections adjacent photo shows building county new courthouse constructed courtroom office county clerk located rooms building building described originally thought destroyed fire fire destroyed roof building remaining portion building escaped significant damage damage building repaired stands today occupants time fire included kentucky later long time local retailer cox building located north jefferson street jefferson franklin streets cox building simply identified commercial building district industrial building originally printing newspapers telegram architecture style influences original building designed local architect owned prominent democrat cox building expanded present size west building constructed style architecture maintained office building conducting transactions related real estate loans insurance titles public involved buying selling renting property father founder president company city successful natural gas building located south square east adjacent block story building constructed occupies addresses west main street brick divide upstairs offices appears center participated california gold rush returned money begin business interests including furniture undertaking real estate business block eventually built land real estate investment griffin buildings located addresses east washington street griffin found buildings constructed east washington street building built style second source believes building constructed 1890s saloon located east washington address early 1900s building located east washington street building constructed style architecture stone tablet second floor says educated russian originally named immigrated united_states brief stays philadelphia chicago michigan found steady employment indiana saved money horse cents pocket friend loaned dollars start business decade business involved scrap iron metals hides fur wool provider coal prospered able invest land oil wells considered men family members killed july automobile struck passenger train corner building located originally built art style architecture originally street bought building street address moved health failed cecil favored gathering place 1930s 1940s store fountain seating bought later run photo building painted white longer shown notable properties section according building story structure built style written limestone tablet found story portion building windows features faces men building located west main street building housed department store later store time store housed building thought largest department stores indiana construction feet glass cases ordered interior furniture said equal store large cities store employed people busy season early 1900s brothers originally involved store location german immigrants board directors gas town involved dry goods moved indiana worked section later established indiana eventually purchased share business store established moved building products sold included hardware furniture clothing boots shoes led jewish catholic merchants store closed 1920s april building partially collapsed damage roof rear building june building demolished world war memorial city courthouse lawn home numerous war memorials world war memorial larger memorials located corners courthouse lawn dedicated september president dedication ceremony speaker sculptor sculpture known spirit american particular version erected significance eligible criteria number events influenced development area criterion notable establishment county seat district historic center commercial social governmental activity county seat courthouse nearby offices focus government late 1880s brought major growth prosperity region resulting construction numerous commercial retail social facilities area surrounding courthouse later 1920s courthouse square site events involving second reason district significant collection buildings architectural styles criterion buildings constructed late 19th century early 20th century original features styles architecture represented additional styles found | Hartford City Courthouse Square Historic District | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
15667_Murrays'Mills | mills complex cotton mills land jersey street canal district manchester england mills built brothers adam mill site old mill begun world oldest surviving urban steam powered cotton spinning factory opened company continued expand complex largest world employing people peak opened doubling main complex formed surrounding private canal basin linked road canal opened canal basin deliver raw cotton coal transport spun cotton away complex murray fine cotton mill complex began decline early 20th century canal basin filled burnt mill replaced earliest mill built use electricity mill complex continued producing cotton 1950s mills later leased companies cases allowed fall disrepair redeveloped doubling mill offices winning award rest complex underwent regeneration proposed flats hotel history foundation establishment migrating scotland established manufacturers textile machinery moving spinning fine late 18th early 19th centuries main market fine spun weaving industry scotland dominated scottish market leased land partnership brother george began construction mill complete mill probably designed house equipment produced murray brothers known position union street purpose built steam powered spinning mill construction took approximately year worked richard factories planned building storeys high probably cotton spinning factory built high phase mill area feet feet built locally bricks machinery powered horse power steam engine construction second mill begun east height old mill doubled size complex completed time exploit economic boom cotton trade followed brief peace war france construction steam engine replaced powerful engine completion section canal raw materials longer moved cart coal cotton moved directly complex readily available supply water steam engines private basin canal entrance tunnel basin set canal short arm opposite canal feet wide posed navigation problems canal boats feet length possible cargo transferred smaller vessels journey canal complex basin construction new mill probably completed measured feet feet older mills storeys high fitted steam engines mills steam power cotton spinning factories complex extended addition storey blocks street mainly warehouses offices entrance murray street block provided access central courtyard mills entrances meant access parts site controlled mills largest mill complex manchester world complex huge compared time status complex reflected ornamentation murray street street blocks compared mills murray street block symmetrical arrangement arched windows pattern turn mirrored street block arrangement false murray prospered early 19th century firm valued nearest rival double firm place company largest cotton spinning firms manchester probably country employed people expansion early mid-19th century periods depression prosperity cotton trade period affected changes size firm engineers partner updated complex contract involved replacement line complex wrought iron line designed work higher speeds died brother george continued run firm firm nearly value additionally firm expanded street strip land jersey street canal built corner jersey street street originally storeys high additional storeys added unknown later date building covered square metres half area occupied house supplied complex gas lighting mill linked tunnel carried gas supply visited mill commented spin finest thread noted provided steam drive engines fitted smoke consumption fuel having effect reducing smoke produced despite continued expansion competitors kennedy overtaken manchester biggest cotton murray employing people reduction workforce attributed recent improvement firm machinery built corner street doubling mill storeys high engine house designed contain beam engine doubling mill doubling process combining lengths single thread cotton produced company earlier mills giving mill suggests designed cast iron beams columns timber mill mill complex built resist fire mill storeys high warehouse new mills linked original complex tunnels street firm doubled size early mid nineteenth century expanded fine markets nottingham growth firm led creation doubling december mill complex valued died sons james benjamin inherited complex registered limited liability company running hands manager joined company murray family played role company new technology reason firm continued success use new efficient technologies resulted reduction workforce murray employed people doubling mill leased september murray voluntarily wound conveyed fine cotton association idea form association cotton thirty cotton joined association association advantage great size comparison competition necessary secure raw materials managing director 1920s largest successful cotton spinning association world mills employees january fire broke caused machinery fire lasted hours caused estimated damage resulted employees mill losing jobs whilst fighting fire killed fire tender blew high winds building replaced new building storeys high shorter predecessor occupying larger area ground new mill concrete floors designed use electricity building earliest mill built use electricity decline later use ordnance survey map shows arm canal filled complex canal basin retitled reservoir suggesting canal ceased way transporting goods complex canal basin filled exactly filled unknown old reduced height storey storeys reduced height storeys storeys exact reason reduction unknown speculated structure buildings struggling cope weight increasingly heavy machinery theory given added weight fact time timber beams support ceilings replaced steel beams strengthen building street block reduced height storeys buttresses constructed south wall 1940s doubling mill occupied manufacturer break main site began sold murray street block following street block old warehouse later clothing manufacturers work strengthen structure 1960s complex allowed fall disrepair 1960s sections complex began left burned including engine block period parts complex light industrial use fell 1990s buildings fell victim vandalism arson threatened destroy remained site redevelopment appointed urban splash convert doubling mill office space completion conversion received award compulsory purchase order control main site allowed grant restoration complex additional grant regeneration project took place project included repair strengthening structure restoration canal basin new roof windows missing floors murray street block completion repairs proposals bring complex use converting flats hotel conversion including replacement demolished street block expected start years july emerged current state housing market developer wanted amend planning consent development replacing plans flats old office space working conditions like factories nineteenth century complex criticism working conditions reveal working hours complex likely workers similar work requirement hour week demanded workers neighbouring complex reduced hours hours day monday friday hours saturday hours worked youngest employees workers allowed breaks day order stop employees wandering taking breaks entitled tunnels built road main complex later mills street worst conditions mill experienced end pay scale stage raw cotton cleaning carried workers produced large amounts dust health hazard fire risk visitor complex described dust spinning floors spinning process required warm humid environment stated tried temperatures regarded paid produced left recruit train pay assistants assistants children consisted rejoined broken threads cleaned machinery child labour generally considered mill managers important way securing skilled adult work force compared trades wages cotton mills relatively high average earnings employee complex shillings week compared favourably mills unlike mill owners employees credit buy goods company owned stores provide housing employees key workers despite evidence suggests conditions better mills complex opening windows extra room floor workers wash break day afternoon luxury workers mills receive furthermore claimed unlike mill owners use children employ children age conceded parents employ children age current buildings | Murrays' Mills | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
15867_BathsofZeuxippus | popular public city constantinople capital byzantine_empire built destroyed revolt rebuilt years later called built site temple existed built yards south older earlier famed primarily statues built famous people represented later military purposes seventh century excavations site description original founded built decorated constantine adorned numerous eighty statues historical figures homer aristotle figures gods mythological heroes statues taken places worldwide including regions asia surrounding areas rome greece asia minor follow trend architecture period places palace senate forums adorned similar statues heroes mythological historical figures powerful people contemporary form architecture relatively small fee entrance gained member general public bath complex area obviously primarily public bathing exercise enjoy variety recreational activities paid oversee activities complex enforcing opening closing times rules conduct men women allowed separate different times day popularity great citizens despite numerous number available public access time constantinople great competition existed commercial area likes clergy monks seen despite insistence superiors places behaviour location 12th century scholar tells connected built site temple accurate writings instead asserted actually joined simply close cool refreshing famed swift course stand let spectator sees struggling breath pay kind visit enhance pleasures find welcome table sports mind affects practice rough addition close probably adjacent great palace grounds popularity location attracted people great proximity significant places square close map right shows approximate location constantinople determined excavations seen roughly shape close connected palace indicated destruction later use result revolt constituted worst uprising constantinople seen time left half city ruins thousands people dead original destroyed fire took action rebuild recreate restore statues lost soon early 7th century result extreme military political pressure byzantine_empire public bathing changed common luxury rare public facilities venues began purposes military attested converted uses building prison known appears silk workshop years later ottoman architect built sultan grounds later excavations site historical relics recovered pottery giving unique insights architectural designs social interests people culture constantinople time particular objects found site statues inscribed words sic bases giving rise theory tells effectively wrote statues lending writings inspired literature egyptian poet writer wrote lengthy lines long piece poetry inspired glory statues housed halls poem actually consisted number short total focusing small group statues designed combine form work suggested actually inscribed bases statues unlikely use medium presence past tense text | Baths of Zeuxippus | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
16160_HarpyTomb | marble chamber pillar tomb stands abandoned city capital ancient region southwestern turkey dating approximately chamber topped tall pillar decorated marble panels carved relief tomb king marble chamber carved greek archaic style material heavily influenced greek art indications non greek influence carvings monument takes carved female winged figures resembling identities carved figures meaning scenes depicted uncertain generally agreed winged creatures absorbed greek mythology culture scenes represent greek deities possible unknown deities alternative interpretation represent scenes judgement scenes rulers carvings removed tomb 19th century archaeologist taken england visited reported finding remains culture virtually unknown europeans obtaining permission turkish authorities remove stone artefacts region collected large material commission london display culture culture time viewed branch greek culture scholars especially classical period onwards architecture sculpture classical greek style distinct culture religious rites distinguished greek language related probably directly descended related language groups speaking related languages continued exist centuries passed history occupied strategic position europe greek persian worlds met heavily influenced period persian influence dominate greek resulting culture greek influence found early date alphabet derived possibly country conquered acting culture influenced annexation neighbours greeks influence greek culture increased army defeated battle greek forces thought built died consequence wounds received defeat naval battle succeeded took iranian appeared pro persian alexander great conquest country rapid took place culture greek mythology features heavily greek mythology goddess fled giving birth order birth apollo play leader allies killed fire breathing monster stories originally mythology borrowed greek greek goddess example mother goddess having incorporated rest greek stories followed naturally certainly temple importance appear actively encouraged synthesis order promote greek family story greek mythology concerns origin country according myth named son king athens prior leader known later help remove throne athens real origin appear country found records sculpture architecture sculpture level greek greeks non greek peoples viewed greek pottery found quantity pillar wrestlers pillars distinctly greek style little eastern symbolism pillar tombs earliest form tomb found sixth century appearing pillar tombs appear reserved leading house tombs appear century onwards monumental tombs pillar tombs usually high standard belongs late style archaic style introduced element realism developed later classical style retained earlier geometric style rules symmetry tombs unique period style known sculptures include earlier later tomb tomb lies modern turkey north roman theatre stands west originally stood edge marketplace original pillar place took sculptures replaced cement casts originals tomb late archaic tomb survived extensive redevelopment roman period left standing isolated historical tombs survive particular period space inside tomb later occupied early christian noted backs bore remains religious paintings speculates man disciple named christian known lived tall columns construction tomb large square carved marble panels feet length feet inches height originally set large stone pedestal feet high making example pillar tomb pillar chamber creating space inside tomb feet inches tall hollow sides carved similar relief panels south small opening allow body placed tomb originally closed tomb appear large fact single piece weighing tons carved appearance layers false slab overlaps ones form parts local grey blue limestone style tomb artefacts period greek archaic style dating accurate archaic style continued time greece sculptures carved greek heavily influenced features carvings definitely suggest non greek origin female faces look lips large eyes typically seated figures receiving gifts standing figures left right edges north south sides winged female creatures bird bodies winged creatures carrying away small figures winged creatures north seated figure receiving helmet standing warrior chair bear winged creature right kneeling female winged creatures south seated figure uncertain sex receiving dove standing female seated figure holding left hand unidentified object possibly fruit egg right hand west females seated facing breasts large seen thin clothing right holds right hand flower left left holds right hand opening body figure opening cow design seen coins reign right opening female figures advance seated figures second advancing female holds right hand fruit left flower holds raised right hand object possibly egg east male figure seated throne holding right hand flower offered smaller standing figure small standing figure male holding left hand staff advancing dog seated figure advancing females holding left hand thought carvings monument originally brightly painted time discovery monument remains blue paint found backgrounds traces red paint found parts interpretations seated figures thought gods ancestors possible identities seated figures north south sides median general founder dynasty later king proposed possible identity tomb view scenes judgement rulers consistent view interpretation south figure queen underworld figures left right opening respectively repeated use symbolism accidental asia minor greek world palestine widely recognised symbol conversely symbol change death symbolism helpful identifying deities suitable gift goddess sexuality planted original cyprus suitable gift intellectual goddess overtly sexual meaning complains daughter forced eat seed underworld understood raped winged creatures likely stuck monument better match sources doubt claims small figures carrying away represent souls dead suggestion small figures daughters hero carried away removal sculptures sculpted taken england commissioned bring artefacts learned exploration region culture virtually unknown western_europe tomb minus located received permission october ottoman sultan remove stone artefacts region royal_navy ship commanded tasked recovering transporting items identified ship sailed malta october arrive site december delayed largely protracted negotiations turkish authorities documents thought translated requests seen removing stones walls operational military fortresses delay caused disagreement graves ship brought suitable tackle lifting heavier pieces wanted graves return malta immediately necessary equipment graves requested orders superiors took time arrive beacon finally return march remove sculptures weighed tons resting sides lifted causing sides tomb fall left sailors carry task way remarked parts receive injury probably scientific operation sculptures monument left large handled pieces stone arrived malta graves late season immediately succumbed malaria task abandoned tons material board | Harpy Tomb | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
16244_NationalAssemblyBuildingofSlovenia | parliament capital modernist palace housing legislature built architect storey building area located center annual visitor numbers despite building houses lower house upper house legislature building officially protected monument led records opened february palace people assembly built time construction project building designed architect featured large cone shaped roof feet high failed result action new legislature building planned architect conservative modest design concepts modernist palace monumental elements decorations save large group bronze figures framing main work began construction building plans construction firm local building materials wood stone marble master completed opening building opened palace people assembly hosted session february years building held meetings following independence gave way use design exterior architecture storey building externally cube main façade faces republic square marble green granite window decorative element storey main portal oak doors surrounded statues represent working people interior inside building furnished paintings selection artists largest metres wall painting 20th century mural artist extends length entrance hall illustrates history created mural portrays events including revolutions world war creation second world war national liberation creation socialist yugoslavia homeland reconstruction walls floor corridor furnished portraits presidents following independence building interior refurbished times suit new center building occupied seat great hall rectangular renovated seat microphone automatic voting system plug access computer network chair facing doors hall president bronze relief coat arms positioned marble wall sculptor created work celebrate independence seat gallery public guests view great hall holds meetings small hall ground floor room public presentations conferences incidents façade building rare green severely damaged students threw granite rocks removed nearby pavement building main entrance incident happened large student protest proposed law introduction mini jobs curb student work changes scholarship policy repairs building estimated | National Assembly Building of Slovenia | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
16441_StokesubHamdonPriory | sub sub complex buildings ruins initially formed 14th century college chapel later site farm sub somerset england building remaining college great hall attached dwelling dating late 15th century hall designated english_heritage grade listed building gateway grade listed site scheduled ancient monument number farm buildings poor condition added college formed college funded 1st baron serve free chapel nearby manor house following years college fell disrepair rebuilt dissolution land passed farm middle 20th century bought property exception house inhabited site open public despite known sub building record monastic house sub history originally located site provided home rector private chapel manor house nearby rector resigned lord manor 1st baron established founded college suggested english heritage listing probably owned purchased departure college composed priests governed attached manor house chapel report referenced historic environment record determine retained college use new building erected instead report recorded poor management college fallen disrepair buildings bad state priests remained alongside intended gave governance college wells years later current building erected article priests houses suggests building probably smaller original college reduced number clergy likely erected english_heritage listing refers surviving building apparently charge years time non resident reign henry_viii control crown kings unlikely investment sub time dissolution greatly reduced holder parish priest performed duties deputy supplied carry role perform duties college building free chapel served chapel ease village residents offering convenient alternative parish church mary virgin mile away resulted college buildings sold ownership estate exchanged hands frequently following years period leased tenants college converted private house underwent significant renovation suggests building work approximately dated period family inhabited house based inscription stands building expanded south street subsequent centuries estate primarily passed marriage inheritance families sold times primarily ownership held families lived estate time farm worked string sold holding keeping house land farm known middle 19th century continued tended property purchased restoration work conducted complex buildings scheduled ancient monument house listed grade building april time buildings site listed grade buildings gateway wall ruined ruined architecture buildings constructed limestone local hill linked barn wall includes gateway provides access metres high wall dates 15th century includes arched gateway western barn largely 18th century incorporates material building southern end supported buttresses north includes door floor barn metres north west built 15th century partially roof served barn metres north west wagon shed 15th century barn west ruined following fire close circular date 14th century important food source historically kept eggs flesh main building shaped plan consists unequal wings oldest contains hall screens dormitory built 14th century contains stones previous building oblique found norman architecture storey hall feet long feet wide originally window added 15th century later coal store hall arches bays headed eastern end hall ground floor floor dormitory chapel dormitory unusually combined central block south hall contains dining room kitchen ground floor beams approximately feet long centrally rooms large medieval fireplace including bread oven kitchen large south store | Stoke sub Hamdon Priory | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
16616_FrostBankTower | skyscraper austin texas united_states standing feet tall floors tallest building austin developed november december class office building space high rise building constructed united_states attacks building officially dedicated january designed inc carries highest logo city san_antonio based austin headquarters insurance division building offices building include austin offices headquarters managers blue color glass facade building new_york_city cousins sold building million sold building year ownership building transferred history consolidated tracts land building site time vacant lot sold original plan called building floors final plan called tall building floors building began construction november tallest building united_states_of_america constructed september attacks construction finished years later tower officially dedicated tallest building austin texas fourth tallest building outside dallas houston texas excluding tower americas san_antonio august cost building estimated million austin skyscraper construction boom began soon surpassed height march 54th tallest building texas cousins properties decided sell building million eventually sold currently notable tenants building including architecture designed considered recognizable buildings austin building starts rectangular shape ground eventually square point crown base building expressed finish limestone main superstructure building blue low glass skin thicker type glass covers entire tower places world blue low glass skin building new_york_city earlier structure folded building step create form lighting covers crown section building lights changes color special occasions rose bowl austin based defeated glass facade building glass crown building contains level parking garage spaces vehicles critics responses critics people stated comments building local newspaper columnist says building resembles enormous set nose hair readers voted best new building past years voted best architecture newspaper says owl face helps austin weird meaning makes austin unique tower awarded lighting design second set narrowly focused accent lights showcase vertical setback near building monumental custom add scale create welcoming frame opening lobby building won merit amenities contains wide variety amenities amenities building include conference facilities building hour access fully equipped fitness center state art systems tenant controlled restaurants carry restaurants coffee shop dry cleaner following tradition tin christian cross embedded concrete floor construction added foot cedar tree hoisted mechanical topping ceremony position austin skyline tallest building austin height building covers block located near center downtown 4th street congress avenue location skyline matched height excited known centerpiece skyline gallery | Frost Bank Tower | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
16745_PontduGard | ancient roman crosses southern france located near town bridge kilometre system built century carry water spring roman colony uneven terrain points underground followed long winding route called bridge gorge highest elevated roman best preserved added list historical importance bridge tiers arches standing high descends height entire length bridge descends mere centimetres gradient indicative great precision roman engineers able achieve simple technology carried estimated imp gal water day homes citizens continued possibly 6th century parts significantly longer lack maintenance 4th century meant increasingly mineral deposits debris eventually flow water collapse fall remained largely intact importance secondary function toll bridge centuries local lords bishops responsible exchange right levy tolls travellers cross river stones looted damage inflicted 17th century attracted increasing attention starting 18th century important tourist destination underwent series renovations 18th 21st centuries commissioned local authorities french state culminated opening new visitor centre removal traffic buildings bridge area immediately today france popular tourist attractions attracted attention succession literary artistic visitors description route location somewhat came providing water supply plains lie city south east sources water low altitude able flow city hills west water supply route difficult engineering point view real alternative look north particular area natural springs built channel water springs near basin distributed private homes city straight line distance takes winding route measuring necessary southernmost foothills known difficult cross covered dense vegetation deep valleys impractical romans attempt tunnel hills required tunnel kilometres depending starting point roughly shaped course eastern end practical way transporting water spring city sea level higher basin provided sufficient gradient sustain steady flow water inhabitants roman city average gradient varies widely course little sections descends gradient average gradient start end far shallower usual roman tenth average gradient rome reason route uniform gradient meant high given limitations technology time varying gradient route engineers able lower height bridge metres metres river exceptionally high roman standards acceptable limits height limit governed profile entire came price creating middle gradient profile relatively steep descending metres kilometre descends metres remaining kilometres section winding route required extraordinary degree accuracy roman engineers allow fall millimetres metres estimated supplied city cubic metres imp gal water day took nearly hours flow source city water arrived open shallow circular basin diameter deep surrounded sort enclosure probably kind small elaborate pavilion excavated traces roof columns decorated fish discovered condition water entered opening metres wide large holes facing wall centimetres wide directed water city main water pipes large drains located floor possibly enable nearby flooded rapidly enable mock naval battles held spring exists site small modern pumping station water pure high dissolved calcium surrounding limestone presented romans significant problems maintaining precipitated water journey caused flow progressively reduced deposits threat posed vegetation penetrating stone lid channel flow water roots introduced algae bacteria process called producing required constant maintenance workers responsible walls clean removing vegetation built underground typical roman constructed digging trench stone channel built enclosed arched roof stone covered earth sections channel solid rock constructed ground remainder carried surface set wall arched bridges substantial remains ground works seen today called stretches hundreds metres stands high surviving parts include arches carrying stream near covers small valley sections tunnel near measuring long far best preserved section entire description bridge built levels high river low water long width varies levels arches main piers line span arches varies slightly constructed independently provide flexibility protect level differing number arches level road bridge added 18th century water high wide carried level upper levels bridge slightly curved upstream direction long believed engineers designed way deliberately strengthen bridge structure flow water like dam wall survey carried showed bend caused stone expanding contracting day heat sun centuries process produced current constructed largely use mortar contains estimated tons limestone volume individual blocks weigh tons stone extracted local quarry located approximately metres downstream banks coarse soft reddish limestone known locally dimension stone production blocks precisely cut fit perfectly friction eliminating need mortar builders left inscriptions stonework conveying messages instructions blocks numbered inscribed required locations right left guide builders method construction fairly understood historians patron rich individual city hired large team contractors skilled labourers surveyor planned route sighting set measuring poles roman feet long figures recorded wax later written builders guide tasks required high degree precision carving blocks water constructed builders extensive use cranes block tackle lift stones place work simple operated largest blocks massive human powered machines late start 20th century complex erected support bridge built large blocks left protruding bridge support frames construction expensive undertaking estimated cost million equivalent years pay new recruits roman legion exterior rough relatively unfinished builders took care ensure interior water smooth possible flow water walls constructed dressed masonry floor concrete covered incorporating minute pottery tile painted olive oil covered mixture lime pork juice produced surface smooth renowned appearance design optimal technique arches clumsy inefficient expensive materials requires later sophisticated design making greater use concrete reduce volume cost construction bridge roughly similar length use far fewer arches roman architects eventually able away altogether los spain bridge near algeria tall slender piers constructed concrete faced masonry brick history construction long credited son law aide marcus year time serving senior magistrate responsible managing water supply rome colonies writing linked construction visit year newer excavations suggest construction taken place tunnels dating time bypassed builders coins discovered outflow older reign emperor basis team led argued completed middle 1st century believed taken years build employing workers 4th century onwards maintenance neglected successive waves invaders disrupted region debris plant roots greatly reducing flow water resulting deposits consisting layers dirt organic material thick wall analysis deposits originally suggested continued supply water late 9th century recent investigations suggest gone use sixth century parts continued significantly longer stones plundered use remained largely intact survival use toll bridge valley 13th century french king granted right levy tolls bridge right later passed bishops return responsible maintaining bridge good repair suffered damage duke use bridge transport artillery wars french led space artillery cross bridge duke second row arches cut away depth original thickness left gap lowest deck wide accommodate cannons severely weakened bridge process local authorities renovated repair cracks fill replace stones lost previous century new bridge built engineer arches lower level road traffic cross purpose built bridge novelist strongly critical construction new bridge commenting reserved eighteenth century monument fifth destroy continued deteriorate time saw risk collapse erosion loss stonework great admiration things roman visited took close interest approved plans architect repair bridge project carried funding provided work involved substantial renovations included replacing eroded stone piers concrete aid stability improving drainage separating bridge stairs installed end walls repaired allowing visitors walk reasonable safety number subsequent projects consolidate piers arches survived floods century lower tier submerged giant flood washed away bridges major flood affected area flood struck badly damaging nearby installations added list criteria human creative genius testimony cultural tradition significance human history description list states hydraulic engineers architects conceived bridge created technical artistic masterpiece tourism tourist attraction centuries outstanding quality bridge masonry led stop french traditional tour country tour france left names stonework 18th century onwards particularly construction new road bridge famous staging post travellers grand tour increasingly renowned object historical importance french national pride bridge long association french monarchs seeking associate symbol roman imperial power king france visited france greeted grand entertainment laid young girls dressed came cave riverside near presented king preserved fruits century later court visited visit january shortly signature treaty great great great grandson commissioned artist produce set paintings roman ruins southern france hang king new dining room palace including picture depicting landscape commission meant ties french monarchy imperial past napoleon iii mid-19th century consciously identified roman emperor accorded great respect roman patronage bridge restoration 1850s essential survival 1990s hugely popular tourist attraction traffic vehicles allowed drive road bridge illegally built structures tourist shops lining river banks architect appetite gain transformed attraction began major year project improve area sponsored french government conjunction local sources entire area bridge new visitor centre built north bank design redevelopment ensured area removal vehicle traffic new museum provides improved historical context visitors today france tourist attractions million visitors reported literary visitors tourist destination writers visited written experience overwhelmed visited told fail work romans seen expected monument worthy hands constructed time object surpassed expectation time life romans produced effect sight simple noble work struck middle wilderness silence render object striking admiration lively called bridge asks oneself force transported enormous stones far quarry brought arms thousands men place live storeys superb respect kept daring echo footsteps immense imagine heard strong voices built felt lost like insect making small felt raised soul said born roman novelist visiting similarly impressed described imposing roman commented monumental thing leave time stand simply feel noble perfect quality greatness vague twilight began gather lonely valley fill shadow roman mighty empire erect supports open solitary tourist sitting sentimental believe people great measured measure greatness individual push gave undertook deepest impressions left speaks manner satisfied mid-19th century writer wrote book les seeing struck dumb walking desert reminds man cultivation disappeared blocks rock clusters rushes oaks stream flows melancholy strand wild mountains silence like midst landscape springs magnificent object civilization created glory fine arts wrote sees thing said comes true isolation dignity weight awful looks built long record beings greater intended stand long dissolution petty race confess great reluctance praise praised man suffering unrest time worse camp days fishing bathing shadow | Pont du Gard | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
16996_ScotiabankSaddledome | primary indoor arena calgary alberta canada located southeast end downtown calgary built replace home host ice hockey figure skating winter olympics today arena home facility hosts concerts conferences sporting championships events underwent major renovation sold naming rights original changed facility given signed year agreement adopted current october signed title sponsor owned city calgary leased non profit organization oversee operation currently managed damaged alberta floods repaired reopened time season calgary served years arrived total capacity largest arena canada west toronto fallen major league standards 1970s deemed insufficient leading calgary fold hope team selected merge calgary bid host winter olympics coupled arrival flames drove need build new arena city_council debated merits locations city new narrowed choices areas neighbourhood east end downtown sites west end downtown late bid businessmen pushing build arena northern suburb considered fought bid build arena neighborhood threatening oppose city olympic bid necessary city_council voted march build proposed seat arena grounds immediately east south community continued fight city land allow new arena amidst fears traffic congestion neighbourhood resulted numerous costly delays start construction bid end battle mayor asked provincial government july land designated arena bypass appeals process force approval province supported city amidst protests community associations invoked rarely powers planning regulations allowing construction begin following day july builders began construction arena impressed project underway noted olympic winter games official report stated fact facility built added credibility calgary bid proved positive factor demonstrating calgary commitment hosting games facility designed set design unique building idea western theme occurred team roof building designed reverse allowing pillar free view seats reducing interior volume compared traditional arenas resulting reduced heating lighting maintenance costs plus floating roof compensate city frequent temperature fluctuations design unveiled roof immediately referred saddle shaped entries submitted contest arena involved word saddle winning contest drawn hat filled similar saddle themed names time received reception including chairman calgary quoted saying olympic western dome designers won architectural engineering awards work honoured millennium celebration architecture reported world record holder longest spanning concrete shell featured cover september article discussing city calgary upcoming olympics location park allows easy access calgary train light rail transit system station stands parallel train station connected plus pedestrian direct vehicle access gained north 5th street east olympic way history arena initially projected cost million build later revised million attempts fast track construction resulted million cost overrun resulting final cost million month delay completion builders faced delays building roof numerous adjustments required fit giant concrete array cables held place upset excess cost opposition politicians alberta demanded public hearing issue hearing conducted city placed blame project manager city province required pay additional costs opened october served boost morale city experiencing significant result international oil market collapse high interest rates federal government event game flames standard prime minister thing population upset government policies defeated flames sold crowd nearly fans initial seating capacity hockey upper immediately completed olympics neared calgary organizing committee spent million add seats upper bid alleviate scandal resulted organizing committee giving partners sponsors treatment ticket sales capacity noted largest arena winter games called facility finest international world praised city commitment hosting olympics noting official report constructing arena prior awarded games lent credibility calgary bid positively influenced voters arena north_america designed accommodate larger international ice surface international feet wider reached highest capacity early 90s flames petitioned upgrade facility requesting renovations add additional luxury boxes new club section flames insisted upgrades necessary team remain viable arena argued important landlord bring arena higher standards felt required team lobbied city_council hope agree fund majority million renovation federal infrastructure funds time rejected counter proposal applying ticket pay cost media reports claimed team considering relocating calgary council agree flames owners denied reports said threatened build new city city_council supported flames proposal vote following months negotiations renovations occurred saw addition new luxury lower bowl seat club section new restaurant expanded offices flames management significant restructuring public new structure arena remained operational spring despite ongoing construction closed entirely april october officially opened october flames home game season prior opening flames signed deal facility year agreement worth approximately million year arena removing olympic moniker controversial public city_council city voted favour deal included donation portion naming rights fund amateur sports city arena renamed acquired ceased operations signed year agreement gave facility arena received upgrades recent years flames spent million led power ring display lines facing second level installed replaced new high definition manufactured display screens led called flood buildings impacted alberta floods flooding areas city including located event level arena filled water dressing rooms control room video replay screen press conference held june team president stated arena flooded eighth row event level facility total loss added team equipment memorabilia destroyed expressed confidence facility repaired ready time october start season repairs facility forced cancellation concerts agricultural events scheduled crews worked clock repair facility director building operations estimated man hours work performed facility noted compressed month project facility granted occupancy permit late august event following opening eagles concert september hockey game september flames pre season contest events home flames hosted star game entry draft flames played stanley cup finals series arena home won president trophy playoff record crowd playing largest arena hold league records overall attendance single game home hosted star game twice hosted game calgary victories stadium venues world junior ice opening allowed calgary play host major musical acts bypassing city early 1980s city existing facilities large accommodate industry performers musical act appear opening november appearances dome acts stops inability roof support massive light speaker special effect performers currently use led city bypassed major tours addition hockey figure skating olympics site numerous major national international events facility hosted canadian men championship occasions hosted women championship world figure skating championships held arena wwf pay view event house held july non sporting events recently hosted public address attended people queen elizabeth_ii attended celebration alberta centennial hosted light cup events event known event called riders canadian open host events amenities seats hockey different capacities events depending arena configuration luxury constructed lower bowl constructed second level facility built party corners upper rented event event basis sections lower bowl form offers seat concession service flames games features private dining room available flames games large concerts private events sports bar located west entrance building additional restaurants facility seat executive club accessible purchased membership features private bar restaurant fully functional business centre established leased arena years non profit organization mandate oversee operation manner protects benefits amateur sports local provincial national level foundation board directors appointed city appointed province appointed foundation contracted manage arena lease agreements flames earned gross concession sales net income luxury executive seating investment income arena revenues flames signed year lease earned advertising revenues ticket revenues earned concession revenues revenue parking deal city flames bought contract million took management facility city paid renovations new agreement required flames pay future arena maintenance repairs renovations flames agreed manage arena years contribute million amateur sport city time retains responsibility distributing funds amateur sport inception allocated million cause future oldest arenas speculation replaced flames president chief executive officer said plans new arena years away creating expectation team hoped new arena built lease plans came fruition team chairman argues ability facility host major events concerts growing increasingly limited facility ages edwards sports financial analysts note newer arenas generate far revenue teams flames expected new arena located downtown calgary commissioner lobbied behalf flames government support calgary mayor stated opposition money help fund new arena king stated flames concepts designs new building ready release plans considered include lowering city train light rail transit line ground run straight new facility new arena proposed sports complex located western downtown area include replacements mcmahon stadium | Scotiabank Saddledome | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
17095_ChimingFountain | fountain fountain known fountain john fountain portland city park fountain washington park fountain outdoor cast iron fountain sculpture built installed portland oregon united_states fountain derives sound water upper basin designed fountain serve trough horses pulling carriages park based renaissance fountain originally painted white included boy possibly depicting figure damaged permanently removed sculpture 1940s fountain restored longer functioned condition deemed treatment urgent save outdoor sculpture program february water pumping function restored included published walking tours portland mentioned highlight guides recommending family friendly activities city description history decorative fountain located junction southwest boulevard southwest boulevard main circle designed switzerland immigrated portland known decorative carvings churches fountain commissioned city completed later year city second piece public art served trough horses pulling carriages park fountain given different names commonly referred fountain reference sound water upper basin fountain cast iron measures approximately feet tall foot diameter pedestal round bronze basins separated narrow post stands octagonal concrete base served retaining pool pedestal like figures pedestal west unsigned inscription reads portland second design based renaissance fountain originally painted white central post originally held figure boy carrying staff possibly fish torch water sources suggest figure depicted fountain nicknames fountain according figure recorded photograph band nearby 1920s freezing weather expanded water fountain damaging figure boy removed fountain discarded 1940s replaced city planned remove fountain disrepair mayor instructed parks bureau begin restoration local advocate historic preservation appealed removal original decoration absent existing pieces constructed cost restoration cost including assembly installation despite restoration fountain longer functional condition deemed treatment urgent save outdoor sculpture program february fountain restored according fountain administered reception fountain included published walking tours city including described elegant mentioned highlight portland similarly fountain included descriptions park guides recommending child friendly activities sites city guides include website book best families ultimate guide travelers listed | Chiming Fountain | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
17193_KhapluPalace | locally known meaning fort roof old fort palace located region palace considered architectural heritage tourist attraction built mid-19th century replacing earlier fort located nearby served royal residence palace having earlier stood vulnerable conditions underwent restoration project carried palace houses hotel operated museum depicting history culture location town located eastern altitude metres sea level administrative capital river tributary passes town ancient trade route located north town south river high mountains range trek palace leads village history built captured region decided seat government old fort site palace chosen rolling large stone nearby cliff stopped village palace built earlier fort located near location present day palace replaced fort royal residence completion according people live inside fort allowed build homes outside premises practice changed took control area resulting cessation conflict neighbouring rulers fort captured dynasty ruler conquest cutting water supplies fort troops besieged fort months resulting surrender 62nd dynasty ruler fort fell invaders descendants continued live kingdom abolished lived house died architecture palace constructed help border multiple regions structure palace central asian influences palace building consists floors built timber mud bricks clay soil mortar carved wooden gate took fort conquering erected entrance palace passage main gate housed stable leads lawn palace musical band festivities reign wooden ceiling palace crafted designs paint use nail hall floor leisure room mountain range palace notable rooms palace include royal meeting room royal balcony princess dressing room queen room following renovation palace section residential area hotel operated employing people local households hotel rooms located inside palace building percent income development region area serves museum renovation second fort renovated renovation started completed project funded embassy helped fund exhibition centre culture inside fort exhibition centre takes thirds site renovation work carried help people local families employed initiative community building survey encompassing features renovation site begun electronic distance measurement devices survey helped finding original state number portions palace renovation project carried following venice charter standards restoration material restoration amounted thirty million wages labourers million shooting senior producer channel directors choose shooting series series shot shot scenic areas northern region set played shooting filming started late august ended april took months shooting gave vast popularity catch series seen viewers northern beauty gave series higher rating parodies culture northern society filmed persian song fort series awards rescue renovation work palace commended having social economic effects locals area palace won best project poverty reduction category palace awarded award distinction india great afghanistan famous drama serial shot fort | Khaplu Palace | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
17243_Students'Building(VassarCollege) | students building college students building campus town new_york houses school campus dining center additional student space second floor designed built structure originally housed variety different student organizations school functions converted dining hall underwent second renovation returned student upper floors history fourth president town new_york wrote dedicated social space campus devoted college work college recreation envisioned building akin harvard swelling student body size rapid campus course decade 1900s need structure crucial students building erected cornerstone laid september funding construction came anonymous donor sought provide exclusive needs interests student organizations gift specified structure class later identified donor world war dining elegant affair table serving war features brought student life campus dining center called opened building serving replacement individual dining rooms college old system proved costly necessitating creation million renovation conducted million funds coming friends family million renovation designed architecture uses students building designed new_york_city architecture firm representing project plans drawn young architect recent graduate hearing requirement structure brick white trim slate roof recalled christ church alexandria virginia clark studied christ church george_washington attended days columbia alexandria study interior exterior church ultimately designs students building public plan inspired architecture features contracted construct students building example southern colonial revival style sits north edge campus south college southeast residential like built rests immediately southeast students building students building opened stood stories tall basement wooden pillars facade supporting topped structure stairs beneath led sets double doors large smaller identical set doors single large window renovation red brick wings added east west sides building accommodate numerous dining rooms featuring large windows new wings modern style old central portion building floor building built grand seat auditorium stage meeting rooms dedicated student organizations second floor consisted shaped balcony gathering space smaller organizations minor renovation building included opening student called west ceiling decorated plaster evoked exterior architectural style basement housed offices later bicycle exchange student storage space renovation equipment housed upstairs staff offices renovation saw removal equipment instead second upstairs student space line original intentions building second story called open space capable seating people chairs added features equipment floor housed cafe historically structure student organizations housed riding academy later gymnasium moved students building opening began use space theatrical performances junior lectures wide array speakers faculty led took place beneath building roof weekly newspaper headquartered students building annual christmas party complete students clad pulling sat political science professor dressed occurred building | Students' Building (Vassar College) | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
17519_PortlandCityHall(Oregon) | oregon portland city hall headquarters city government portland oregon united_states story italian renaissance style building houses offices city_council consists mayor commissioners offices home city_council chambers located east structure completed building added national_register_of_historic_places november gone renovations recent overhaul interior upgrade modern seismic safety standards original built renovation cost million located downtown portland city hall sits entire city block fourth fifth avenues madison south north portland building named mayor fourth avenue east addition square feet interior space exterior consists grounds main entrance located fourth avenue time located fifth avenue history late 19th century current city hall replaces earlier building second ash streets founded downtown portland women current block city hall city hired design building design huge structure appeared modeled city purchased block construction began halted dissatisfaction design foundation basement building built new canceled contract tore basement floor expense board terminated hired architectural firm lewis design new building originally boston portland project employed white board persuaded state legislature authorize additional bonds complete project designed story structure neo renaissance style included clock tower designed located center portion building tower rise stories rest city hall total height feet costs clock tower built designed lewis built original building design praised details symmetry construction site restarted contractors nebraska built reinforced masonry walls concrete floors save costs construction new structure finished city government occupied building completed building large buildings pacific_northwest electric centralized heating include public elevators considered portland mayor new city hall total people working building opening successor called new building expensive funding city hall came sources approved sale worth bonds finance construction new city hall building ultimately cost built surrounding area composed dirt roads private residences west rail line ran fourth avenue past city hall county courthouse city county governments fought railroad remove dirty noisy steam locomotives route succeeding electric line continued tracks 1930s light rail lines added fifth avenue max green line trains scheduled run past city hall 20th century port cedar trees planted east city hall tree planted north second tree south building reinforce symmetrical aspects building south tree replaced poor health city added passenger elevators open started reading room sailors subscription library housed building city began series renovations building increase floor space year light wells filled blocking natural light lower floors city added new elevator started lasted construction second light filled space apartment built roof city installed large boulder southeast portion grounds oregon railway found year old boulder moved portland ton discovered covered returned tribe native americans old elevators inside replaced runaway truck destroyed stone fifth avenue fixed 1960s mayor office refurbished new roof installed new trees planted grounds city city_council chambers second floors work install new lighting allow television broadcasts chamber work added drop tiles ceiling hiding roof early morning hours november dynamite fueled bomb exploded underneath damage injured windows blown located blast damaged columns damaged replaced replica complete loss new bell purchased later moved arrested claimed responsibility bombing later decade portland upgraded city hall adding fire smoke sandstone exterior cleaned sealed prevent moisture fragile stone later learned process harmful coating sealed moisture inside rock added national_register_of_historic_places following year rooftop converted employee break room included outdoor deck city constructed wheelchair ramp provide access handicapped 1980s saw additional renovations office mayor office renovated work mayor office halted funds exhausted city expanded office city attorney portland building finished street allowed city city offices single location work completed exterior new roof finished building began conversion steam heating january city_council voted remove parking grounds city hall previously yard surrounding building paved allow city council members park vehicles site month marked 100th birthday structure renovation discussions need upgrade city hall began proposals update structure meet modern building codes estimated cost million work include replacing concrete floors structural upgrades restoring original light corridors penetrated floors building march plans year old structure estimated million project proposed building failing comply city codes earthquakes fires preparatory work renovation began november closed offices relocated renovation project offices temporarily housed fifth avenue building nearby fifth avenue served architect served contractor project design firm june foot boom portion construction crane crashed construction site stone east building injuring fragile sandstone exterior damage repaired january construction crews finished demolition portion project finished structural reinforcement began interior construction phase designers restored light corridors inside building central light courts allowed natural lighting interior building additionally old fourth avenue entrance restored address changed fourth avenue renovations restored original look city_council chamber council members facing windows original red white marble floors saved new concrete slab new marble fourth floor changes included addition central air conditioning roof exterior walls replacement old single windows public added east floor construction usable floor space building reduced square feet square feet restoration interior included work wrought iron frame copper plating decorated walls work wrought iron frame elevator shafts additionally nearly building structural steel replaced replaced systems added concrete replaced concrete floors new electrical systems installed shear concrete walls added new security fire life safety systems march city hall reopened public concerns cost project increased million final cost nearly million city approved million project started million final cost project construction costs totaled million million bring building modern fire safety standards additional funds spent artwork temporary location offices new furniture costs reasons given additional costs varied new problems uncovered construction market time delays starting project financing renovations came local bonds approximately million year coming general fund pay debt prior attempts raising private funds project failed project named public project honorable mention renovation category magazine details story building style architecture sandstone exterior interior city hall covers square feet square feet usable space measured fifth avenue feet wide viewed building similar shape letter middle protruding portion building wings extend fourth avenue far north far south single story height closest fourth stories high comprising floor granite columns imported scotland support chambers occupy floors inside east building roof city hall foot tall ornamental originally limestone replaced lightweight material pedestrian safety building features roof meets walls fourth floor balcony paired columns west additionally exterior features windows second floors plus roof line inside high renaissance building columns lobby covered fake marble coating called lobby marble oak walls covered white tile discovered room second floor named portland founder won coin toss city main city hall steps iron tile steps building sits feet sea level artwork building includes works mural constantly changing work called located main floor changing exhibits office office city attorney fourth floor floor mayor office ceremonial balcony council chambers city action office second floor contains city council chambers conference rooms commissioners offices main floor lobby information desk offices city council clerk city treasurer grounds building include rose garden trees vegetable garden landscaping | Portland City Hall (Oregon) | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
17639_ViadellaConciliazione | road street rome italy roughly metres length connects western bank road constructed primary access route square addition shops bordered number historical religious buildings including churches despite major rome able cope high volume traffic congestion subject roman community historical scholars circumstances constructed area church rebuilt times following sacks rome having deteriorated loss prosperity resulting relocation 14th century area short courtyard remained maze densely packed structures narrow streets previous plans plans drawn times years construction major link centre rome number submissions increasing dramatically onset design submitted reign pope formed perennial designs proposed area envisioned open plan consisting single shaped boulevard widest tapering approached scheme designs submitted architects closed plan consist roads square opposite ends proponents closed plan usually suggest space separated row inhabited structures designs approved architects employed themes submitted time time proponents open plan included architects number architects pope favoured closed design number streets central square maintaining spine structures directly square approach moved sketches open closed designs considered vatican ultimately discarded reasons expense thorough examination costs constructing vatican approved conclusion cardinals proposal demolish buildings greater longer church high costs property interests momentum lost commissioned redesign terrace sketches settled open space shape potential expense clearing decided instead use warren poorly maintained medieval buildings obscure view vatican structures significant distance way pilgrims emerged relative darkness city vast open space square surrounding buildings sight calculated inspire awe time visitors holy seat power originally planned demolish square roughly directly square filling space match standing today afford longer point allow visitors better viewing angle new death patron pope alexander vii halt work set columns abandoned remained open ended incomplete final major reconstruction 15th century site covers remained occupied residential religious historical buildings nearly years final impetus road construction primarily political rest outside vatican taken italian unification 19th century leading pope declaration prisoner vatican formation roman question years refused leave vatican order avoid appearance accepting authority italian government rome initially parts italian government welcomed expecting influence fade point political support gained abolish altogether failed come pass eventually compromise acceptable states reached treaty rome prime minister signed accord behalf king resurrected idea grand symbolically connecting vatican heart italian capital vision turned prominent fascist architects drawing inspiration number designs submitted came plan preserve best aspects open closed designs grand boulevard nonetheless obscure majority vatican buildings intentions vast street require clearance placed castle buildings lining space align perfectly order create illusion perfectly straight causeway traffic islands erected sides rows leading square doubling intended reduce effect funnel shaped design perspective facing wings buildings closest square preserved form blocking greater portion approaching visitors framing square head grand open space allow easy access construction demolition began symbolic strike building october continued months time demolition proved controversial residents displaced settlements outside city buildings dismantled totally rebuilt position house palaces demolished buildings like palace churches san destroyed facing cleared area historical buildings church mutilated construction road small feature reconstruction rome ordered ranged restoration clearance vastly complicated site rome ancient imperial remains plan transform rome monument italian years rome appear peoples world vast orderly powerful time empire construction road continued long death abolition italian road installed time jubilee today completion road acted primary access point extension times funeral pope acted extension square allowing greater number visitors attend functions conducted | Via della Conciliazione | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
18274_DeAkkermolen | dutch pronunciation english 17th century netherlands built replace earlier severely damaged mill bought local government restored listed national heritage site history earlier existed location mentioned mill earlier turn replacement nearby mentioned earlier destroyed spanish troops building new mill took years new mentioned mill owned bergen meaning peasants locality use mill grind wheat property prince orange baron taken common law french revolution meaning people choose wanted grind wheat mill private property mill constant use wooden broke caused sails crash ground making future mill uncertain mill bought municipal government restored ceased active functioning order mill needed restoration taken apart rebuilt description built open post mill meaning body mill houses machinery mounted uncovered single vertical post rotated bring sails wind mill painted wood body partially covered tar roof mill common sails metres span drive wheel driving stone stone drives pair cologne marketed hands diameter metres inside mill inscriptions found miller assistants mill listed national heritage site july open public saturday month appointment | De Akkermolen | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
18458_AlcatrazFederalPenitentiary | federal referred maximum high security federal prison miles coast san_francisco california usa operated main prison building built time united_states_army military prison site citadel 1860s acquired october island prison august buildings modernized meet requirements notch security prison given high security location cold waters strong currents prison operators believed escape proof america strongest prison designed hold prisoners continuously caused trouble federal prisons world notorious best known prisons years housed america ruthless criminals including kelly served time provided housing staff families total prisoners escape attempts years prison existence notable violent escape attempt known battle arguably successful escape june intricate escapes devised faced high maintenance costs poor reputation closed march story included main blocks jail block warden office room library barber shop prison cells typically measured feet feet feet high cells primitive lacked privacy bed desk toilet wall blanket african americans segregated rest cell designation racial abuse prevalent housed worst inmates cells end designated hole badly prisoners sent periods punishment brutally dining hall kitchen lay main building extended prisoners staff eat meals day dining hall corridors prison named major american streets broadway michigan avenue working prison considered privilege inmates better inmates employed new industries building day actively involved providing military jobs performing maintenance laundry today public museum san_francisco major tourist attractions attracting million visitors annually prison operated national_park_service badly buildings prison subject restoration works recent times maintained history construction main originally location military citadel prison existed 1860s new built budget completion feet long concrete building longest concrete building world time building remained modernized main closed new concrete prison built materials reused construction iron interior door near barber shop end retained old citadel massive granite blocks originally gun mounts reused wharf bulkheads retaining walls old cell bars reinforce walls causing structural problems later fact placed near edge subject erosion salt air wind years use island years island came jurisdiction use purpose transfer punish involved rampant crime prevailed country 1920s 1930s acquired october island federal prison august conversion federal prison took place january appointed chief medical officer prison consultant january hospital facilities checked officials personnel arrived early february acting chief clerk april old material removed prison holes cut concrete cell fronts installed built steel ordered legend works shipment cells iron accidentally fell transportation recovered new built doors utility corridors cells april accidental small fire broke roof injured foot dropping cover fencing added emergency lighting operations added june new_york began installation electro magnetic gun metal detecting system added wharf entrance rear entrance gate officers instructed operate new locking devices july new radio equipment tested united_states_coast_guard day final checks assessments days august early history designed hold prisoners continuously caused trouble federal prisons resort prison hold worst worst criminals hope rehabilitation august batch prisoners arrived arriving railroad united states kansas california escorted high security coaches guarded fbi special agents railway security officials original military prison reported inmates prisoners notorious bank murderers inmates men washington august prisoners arrived north eastern pennsylvania september prisoner arrived jail seven virginia september batch prisoners arrived train prisoners continued arrive mainly atlanta june population prisoners prisoners transferred months earlier anniversary federal june observed establishment institution provided secure place detention difficult type criminal good effect discipline disturbance kind reported year metal initially caused problem turned failure amend problem contract terminated charged new supplied january severe storm caused landslide causing slide marked start series changes structures island built strengthened guard tower added roof june month barracks building new apartments single rooms time families living including women children problems industries building continuing utility problems old buildings systems led extensive updates including new tool proof roof cell house new boilers installed power house new pump salt water added million redevelopment swing including construction complete overhaul power house new diesel engine building new water tower solve water storage problem new apartment blocks officers improvements dock conversion block isolation cells changes completed july workshops highly productive making army uniforms cargo nets items high demand world war june reported federal nets notoriety gained notoriety inception toughest prison america considered world prison time prisoners frequently report acts brutality conditions severely tested prisoner commit suicide fingers grabbing axe begging hand writer described great garbage federal prison dumped rotten new attorney general attacked saying institution psychology builds sinister ambitious attitude prisoners reputation prison helped arrival america dangerous including spent years like complex raging murderer hazard reduced age entered prison system age left killed guard inmates spent years prison solitary confinement scientific inquiry took place myth goes ironically wasn allowed pursue science harbor birds timeless bird habitat somewhat reputation fact inmates named based prisoners reported living conditions better prisons country especially food volunteered come december murdered fellow running worked violently stabbing neck died hours later young sentenced murder involved escape attempt famous gangster shot death spent nearly months solitary confinement result later earned right work went trial brought young attorneys claimed held responsible murder endured cruel unusual punishment prior prison guards young convicted prison sentence extended years final years 1950s prison conditions improved prisoners gradually permitted privileges playing musical instruments watching movies weekends painting radio use strict code silence relaxed prisoners permitted talk quietly prison continued unpopular mainland 1950s far expensive prison institution united_states continued perceived america extreme jail annual report director called centralized institution replace report indicated times expensive run average prison prisoner day compared prisons problem exacerbated fact prison seriously deteriorated structurally exposure salt air wind need million deal major repairs began prison evaluated engineers lost cause submitted plans new maximum security institution illinois escape june prison subject heated investigations major structural problems ongoing expense prison finally closed march final report said institution served important purpose taking strain older greatly institutions atlanta enabled smaller closely guarded institution escape artists big time needed protection groups today museum san_francisco major tourist attractions attracting million visitors annually visitors arrive boat port given tour island given slide audio narration anecdotes inmates guards rangers atmosphere considered eerie chilling protected national_park_service national_register_of_historic_places badly buildings prison subject restoration works recent times maintained escape attempts according officers convict arrived wharf thoughts leave years operation claimed prisoner successfully escaped total prisoners escape attempts men trying twice caught shot killed escape drowned listed missing presumed drowned unsuccessful attempt escape prison april assigned duty burning trash tried escape duty hours scaling chain link fence edge island caught act refused orders officer located west road guard tower come shot seriously injured fall consequently died escape attempt reputation escape proof prison december work assignment workshops cut flat iron bars window climbed bay waters escape stormy day bay water highly turbulent found declared drowned prison authorities drowned bay bodies swept sea turbulent bay currents battle violent escape attempt occurred failed attempt prisoners led known carried prisoners took control cell house officers captured weapons room keys recreation yard door aim escape boat dock failed obtain keys outside door decided battle fight ensued managed hold officers hostage eventually killed days prompted thompson shot hostages close range guards succumbed injuries second guard killed thompson returned cells persisted fight marines intervened help officers killed prisoners battle apart guards prisoners killed guards prisoner injured thompson tried killing officers thompson sentenced death gas chamber carried december years age given second life sentence escape june carried intricate escapes devised prisoners cells cell block interned foot wide utility corridor prisoners away moisture damaged concrete air vent leading corridor tools metal silver electric drill improvised stolen vacuum cleaner motor noise disguised played music hour progress concealed false walls dark cells guards escape route led fan vent prisoners removed fan motor replacing steel leaving shaft large prisoner enter stealing cord prison workshop prisoners removed beds placed human hair stolen constructed weeks stolen prepared concealed guards sheets sides escaped vent roof departed official investigation fbi aided prisoner group left west false wall kept slipping held place cement set morris accelerated schedule west desperately away wall time got companions gone articles belonging prisoners including parts discovered nearby fbi investigation december finally treated closed official report escape concludes prisoners drowned cold waters bay trying reach mainland unlikely miles shore strong ocean currents cold sea water temperatures ranging degrees list morris wanted wanted posters man study ocean currents scientists research institute indicates craft leaving june likely landed north golden gate bridge indicate debris washed consistent actually found history channel documentary presented evidence gathered years brothers family including christmas cards allegedly sent brothers years escape featured interview family friend claimed met brothers rio_de_janeiro brazil support story offered photograph men resembling john taken said encounter facial recognition analyst examined photo asserted men likely film presented alternate escape theory involving use electrical cord reported missing prison dock tied passenger ferry left island midnight night men escape film escape depicts escape stars respectively played character changed film implied escape successful administration prison initially staff including warden associate warden cecil considered iron men staff trained rehabilitation highly trained security guards staff subject varying salaries new guard arriving december offered retirement taxes year amounting guards typically worked hour weeks hour shifts guards worked given increase guards overtime reported authorized warden officers generally pay cents meals charged rent apartment island include laundry service larger families charged month larger quarters charged additional laundry booklet revealed average prison population highest recorded lowest recorded main centre administration entrance prison included warden office office contained desk radio telegraph equipment telephone administrative office section offices associate warden secretary mail desk captain desk business office clerk office accounting office control room added modern technology officer lounge vault centre basement prison contained dungeons showers main dungeon lay dungeons accessible staircase corridor visits required prior written approval warden hospital originally installed time military prison late 19th century time federal located dining hall second floor hospital staff employees assigned doctors lasted fewer days months fact tolerate violent inmates failed given certain drugs prisoners ill health kept hospital famously spent years security taking federal january marked beginning series measures strengthen security prison cells escape proof maximum security prison improving living conditions operation maintenance staff officers apart prisoners modern technological innovations available time enhancing security comfort built buildings security guard towers built outside strategic locations cells rebuilt fitted tool proof steel cell fronts locking devices operated control boxes windows secure iron electromagnetic metal placed entrance dining hall workshops remote controlled tear gas appropriate locations remote controlled gun galleries machine gun armed guards installed patrol corridors improvements toilet electricity facilities old tunnels sealed concrete avoid hiding escape prisoners substantial changes improvements housing facilities guards captain live families quality relative rank attorney general director collaborated closely create legendary prison suited times resulted nicknamed uncle sam devil island despite designed house worst worst criminals caused problems prisons guidelines regulations set strict prison administrators courts direct prisoner directly sent notorious attempted escape prisons prisoners entering undergo vigorous research assessments prior arrival security prison tight constant checking bars doors locks electrical fixtures etc ensure security hadn broken standard day prisoners counted times ratio prisoners guards lowest american prison time door solid steel virtually impossible prisoners escape island guard towers demolished heavily guarded points day times security breached instance guard towers industry buildings ensure inmates didn attempt escape work day shifts recreation yard parts prison fence topped barbed wire inmates attempt escape exercise employee jail likened prison job zoo keeper old farm job fact prisoners educated treated like animals sending fields worked day counting feeding referred years life working prison total waste life corridors regularly patrolled guards passing gates heavily broadway block central corridor prison passed guards prison workers end minute meal dining hall knives laid table carefully counted ensure taken potential weapon earlier years prison prisoners forbidden talking eating later relaxed provided prisoners communicated quietly gun gallery situated recreation yard mounted dining hall exterior walls metal outside dining hall security purposes dining hall tear gas attached ceiling activated remote control prisoners riot attempt escape warden entered dining hall unarmed heavy guarding riots break dining hall history prisoners involved fighting hid dining hall tables escape possible gunfire prison life cells register reveals prisoners total held time figures reported varied stated prison cells designed outside wall typically measured feet feet feet high cells primitive bed desk toilet wall blanket air vent measuring inches inches covered metal lay cells led utility corridors prisoners privacy going toilet toilets strong salt water hot water installed early 1960s shortly closure established strict rules regulations title rules regulations government discipline institutions daily routine work counts followed prisoners guards copies provided prisoners read follow inmates basically entitled food clothing shelter medical attention seen privilege inmates given blue shirt grey pants blue white later years cotton long underwear blue wearing caps forbidden cells expected kept good order dangerous article found cells inmates money substances tools potential inflict injury assist escape attempt considered prisoners eligible disciplinary action compulsory prisoners cells times week attempting bribe assault prison officers seen offense african americans segregated rest cell designation racial abuse prevalent toilet paper matches soap issued cells saturdays inmates request hot water clean cells bars windows floors prison cleaned daily basis earlier years strict code silence 1950s relaxed talking permitted dining hall provided conversations quiet shouting loud talking singing prisoners sent breakfast returning cell inmates cell place waste basket outside work started shifts privileged punctuated whistle prisoners metal work shifts assigned job prisoners accept line work prisoners permitted money possessions earnings went prisoner prisoners assigned duties guards laundry shop model shop etc labor smoking privilege permitted workplace providing wasn hazardous condition inmates permitted smoke recreation yard work lunch served followed minute rest cell returning work dinner served prisoners retire cells locked night lights went locked night guards usually patrolled cell blocks prisoners compared duration hell preferred death continued located end block entering given library card catalog books found library inmates place orders putting slip card box entrance dining hall breakfast books delivered cell librarian library utilized closed stack system collection books mainly left army days inmates permitted maximum books addition text books bible dictionary permitted magazines crime related pages torn newspapers prohibited sex crime violence censored books magazines library governed chaplain regulated censorship nature reading material ensure material failure return books date given liable removal privileges average prisoner read books year evening inmates generally read books loaned library usually hour minutes allocated practicing musical instruments guitar prison band practiced dining room auditorium famously practiced shower block prisoners limited playing cells corridors corridor naming system named major american streets landmarks michigan avenue corridor broadway central corridor inmates assemble times square area clock wall entering dining hall meals broadway separated prisoners kept privacy prison corridor library called park avenue corridor named gun galleries lay end block including west east gun galleries block fact time federal inmates permanently held block modernized retained flat iron bars key locks spiral original military prison inmates held briefly block hearing transfer later years state mainly extra storage law library installed point place inmates type legal documents small barber shop located end block inmates monthly block majority new inmates assigned second tier block status months confinement permitted visitors minimum days inmates permitted visitor month anybody likely cause trouble registered criminals barred visiting letters received inmates checked prison staff secret messages fellow escaped june escape entering utility corridor block block gained notoriety treatment block worst inmates varying degrees punishment including isolation solitary strip prisoners usually spent days solitary prisoners held given meals cells permitted work shower twice week escape attempt arthur killed security block inhabited cell block solitary confinement years worst cells confinement punishment inmates stepped line located end block cells known hole cells devoid light colder rest prison prisoners sent regularly stripped beaten tortured forced sleep cold concrete floor wearing light underwear turn guards abused food thrown inmates held hole limited minute shower hour exercise yard week cells hole sink toilet worst cell nicknamed oriental strip cell final cell block hole floor toilet prisoners confined naked days guards controlled toilet cell floor led dungeon basement contained cells worst behaved inmates locked inside cells dungeon walls given diet bread water day regular meal days quantity duration varied relative extent punishment denied proper toilet facilities given bucket toilet emptied week stripped wall standing nights according prisoners solitary confinement placed starvation diet stand hours day hands tied feet barely touching floor completing punishment hole prisoner return cell tagged red tag grade denoted prisoner restricted leaving cell months second grade prisoners receive letters days remained behaved restored prison privileges size approximately regular feet feet feet high touch ceiling stretching arm stripped nude pushed cell guards clothes grains tobacco fallen pockets soap tobacco smell describe word like stepping sewer searched clothing throw blankets evening shoes bed damp walls blankets walls painted black day got bread error days got got meal days bread entire thirteen days got meals seen man bath solitary confinement time man bucket cold water thrown young experiences hole trial dining dining hall referred mess hall dining hall prisoners staff ate meals long wing west end situated center island connected block corridor known times square passes beneath large clock approaching entrance way dining hall wing includes dining hall kitchen second floor hospital auditorium movies screened inmates weekends dining hall protocol scripted process including whistle system indicate block tier men hall given time sat place hands start eating prisoners awakened sent breakfast breakfast menu preserved hallway board dated march breakfast menu included dry steamed wheat egg milk fruit bread butter lunch served dining hall followed minute rest cell returning work dinner served prisoners retire cells locked night inmates permitted eat liked minutes provided left waste waste reported prisoner subject removal privileges habit dining table benches held men smaller tables chairs later replaced seated prison population including guards officials seating people food served reportedly best united_states prison system recreation recreation yard yard inmates prison located opposite dining hall south end block facing mainland raised level surrounded high wall fence lay west yard gun gallery situated yard mounted dining hall exterior walls previously dirt covered yard paved yard violent escape attempt group inmates hatched plot obtain key recreation yard kill tower guards hostages use shields reach dock inmates permitted yard saturdays sundays holidays maximum hours inmates worked seven days week kitchen rewarded short yard breaks badly behaved prisoners liable having yard access rights taken away weekends prisoners permitted play games baseball sports times intellectual games chess small size yard diamond end section wall base impact inmates inmates provided gloves bats balls sport uniforms amateur teams seals named clubs league teams named major_league clubs cardinals cubs giants tigers inmates weekends yards discuss crime real opportunities week conversation buildings warden house warden house home warden located northeastern end floor room mansion built according golden gate national recreational area sources built rooms resided including warden house luxury stark contrast jail held lavish cocktail parties spot shows photograph trusted house warden house garden greenhouse mansion tall windows providing fine views today house ruin burned native americans occupation june building building constructed island intended entirely purpose military officers families living island located dock southeastern island warden house story apartment block built site barracks 1860s functioned largest apartments southwest corner known cow palace nearby known known officers club social club located northwestern island located close proximity water tower military housed post exchange club social venue workers families island hard week work dealing america hardened criminals locked burned native americans occupation leaving shell remains club small bar library large dining dance floor table table lane bowling alley centre social life island employees regularly hosted events 1940s onwards showed movies sunday night shown inmates day saturday sunday club responsible organizing numerous special events island held hall fundraising associated ice cream halloween fancy dress christmas parties located northwest coast constructed million modernization scheme included water tower officers quarters block white powerhouse lighthouse said appearance ship mast island sign reading warning government permitted yards lay powerhouse deter people landing island point supplied power buildings island powerhouse tower duty station guarded caliber winchester rifle rounds ammunition pistol seven round magazines gas grenades gas mask water tower water tower located northwestern island near tower recreation yard water tank situated cross steel legs submerged concrete foundations water supply import mainland brought barge island military years ground water tanks water tanks situated roof citadel water tower built island received government renovations grant supply majority island fresh water tallest building island height feet volume gallons gallons fresh water store water drinking water water island service laundry facility story building northwest corner building originally built military laundry building built redevelopment program federal jail held workshops inmates work january building shifted feet edge cliff following landslide caused severe storm warden time proposed extend asked bureau fund later claim dislike building irregularly shaped smaller cheaper completed end guard tower hill tower added roof june building secure bars old cells bar windows roof prevent inmates escaping roof ceased use laundry moved upper floor today building heavily decades exposure salt air wind guard tower building hill tower exist constructed million modernization scheme included water tower power house officers quarters block ground floor story long building contained clothing factory dry cleaning plant furniture plant brush factory office prisoners federal work money earned small wage labour account known given leaving items gloves furniture army uniforms laundry room occupied entire upper floor largest san_francisco time window bays floor notable inmates legends cited haunted places america native americans mentioned evil spirits encountered island long military prison visited found atmosphere island eerie described cold winter summer months washington_post claimed place visitors sense past inhabitants trapped atmosphere alleged haunting prison documented numerous paranormal television series officials dismissed reports ghosts nonsense deny existence official said ridiculous ghost stories stop tourists visiting people heard don birds popular culture | Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
18594_FranklinCenter(Chicago) | chicago story skyscraper completed corporate center consolidate central region headquarters stands height contains loop neighborhood downtown chicago located blocks east northeast tower main address west monroe street alternate address south franklin street loop community area downtown chicago building tallest constructed chicago quarter 20th century 5th tallest building chicago 13th tallest united_states contains office retail space space garage acquired property renamed adjacent franklin center relocated offices later applied entire complex history consent decree split monopoly entities local service providers decade followed erected new buildings country including building new_york_city april issued request proposals produced respondents winning sought designers purpose distinguishing proposal nearby tower employees began occupy office space april building built self imposed comprehensive minority contracting action package met city hiring rule public sector projects chicago mayor administration passed work public sector projects set aside minority women owned businesses support rule adopted rule private development architecture designed famous recognized buildings chicago building form features setbacks 15th 30th 45th floors designed architectural style granite clad steel framed building resting pile foundations structure characterized strong vertical lines roof granite setbacks granite deep red color base changes shade rose 5th floor lighter rose granite protected silk screened aluminum panels building relies gothic detailing showcase building evokes images 1920s buildings structure reminiscent addition design building relies location corner set apart interior elevators spanned series neo light bands extending wall wall lobby extends completely block giant entrance hall monroe street story height link towers designed smith towers share common appearance building boasts public level lobby lavish chicago decorated patterned marble floors walls bronze gold leaf oak trim stylized lighting fixtures features building features lobby level seat restaurant square foot retail levels car hour parking facility lower levels building lobby extends way block connect links structures exterior lighting downtown buildings tower setbacks colored lights night building managers praised lights bird reducing bird mortality developed story square foot structure originally known building corporate headquarters building immediately adjacent connected corporate center located south franklin street developers architects design teams chosen buildings built jointly block long complex square foot site share story houses grand arcade serves common base separate towers moved new facility building renamed proximity transit positioned near southwest corner loop building near elevated stations chicago station block south washington wells station located blocks north stands blocks west jackson boulevard providing terminal service amtrak select service additional service provided street station blocks south station blocks north west tenants john crane group west monroe partners company awards award excellence urban development properties best new building chicago civic group valuable property national wall_street_journal prix excellence office properties worldwide position chicago skyline center 5th tallest completed building chicago trailing chicago height building official height measurement increased feet feet changed measurement conventions include ornamental height controversy | Franklin Center (Chicago) | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
19342_ParkCrescent,Brighton | brighton mid-19th century residential development area brighton english city brighton shaped terrace houses designed built brighton important architects time work started years experience town style brighton common regency motifs houses replaced second world war bomb damage scene brighton notorious trunk murders 1930s parts terrace private garden pleasure ground cricket pitch listed grade english_heritage architectural historical importance history fishing village english channel coast built point flowing entered sea formed north south valley road railway line london built road london diverged road followed valley area intermittently flooded ground called level 18th century village started developing fashionable resort brighton popular site sports general recreation northernmost cricket ground hosted early class matches served home principal founders years later major changes happened prince regent enthusiastic player supporter cricket brighton high society king retired sport fell time level granted town landowners included influential local clergyman politician property lord manor thomas read union road built east west connecting london acre area south landscape acre north bought built multi purpose pleasure garden new cricket ground gardens opened cricket remained popular attraction gardens existence range activities bowling noble conspicuous building ground floor rooms facilities reading rooms walking area roof activities artificial lake path leading maze special swinging chair bizarre flying demonstration took place occasion businessman associate ireland claimed fly roof main building far gardens merely sailed rope wearing pair wings attached spectators unimpressed escape maze away gardens soon began decline popularity ireland sold later owners oversight main building soon ornamental gate piers south boundary wall north remain gardens land surrounding came sale late 1840s opening railway line brighton railway station nearby surrounding area developed largely working class area small houses attempted introduce higher class housing development envisaged long shaped crescent facing cricket ground private garden residents work started house development described ambitious scheme crescent complete final works death gardens managed private agent behalf residents committee residents took 19th century german philosopher lived number chairman sister moved number lived like existence cats company died number site second notorious brighton trunk murder space weeks july year body prostitute found house street area alleged found dead bed house transported street fear remarkable work defence counsel acquitted confessed murder wartime damage brighton grand squares minimal expected houses numbers centre northern crescent destroyed bomb replaced houses rebuilt number replacements built style rest terrace west north east sides crescent listed separately grade october buildings defined particularly important special interest february buildings structures listed buildings grades city brighton associated buildings built adjacent crescent west numbers terrace south end built new octagonal building resemble houses replaced capacity predecessor site important local building demolished park crescent place runs northwards held popular circus short closure reopened theatre melodrama music hall performances demolished replaced flats wall north cuts gardens level retains original gate piers badly damaged falling trees great storm repaired original stone lions gate piers removed replaced copies piers consist square square body arched prominent stone lions gate piers listed grade english heritage july defines nationally important special interest architecture adopted popular style design described ambitious development architectural career criticised unsuccessful composition showing limitations architect disappointing proportions interior garden facing roofs house large proportion rest exterior giving heavy busy awkward appearance contrasts simple curves rear elevations facing streets outside form attic storey extends storey houses terrace treated semi detached rear resembles plain terrace sides linking element pairs series storey towers topped provide element houses different heights described mark west east sides match houses storeys rise basement window range windows entrances rear elevation paired single windows topped similar facing garden roofs main sections prominent roofs tower sections similar treatment number southwest corner ground floor carried round south facing wall windows different similarly number end house southeast corner south facing wing roof entrance set flanked corner house blank window range houses east crescent windows attic space curved north consists storey houses window ranges entrances paired windows storey tower bays separate houses | Park Crescent, Brighton | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
19355_PyramidofUserkaf | pyramid pyramid complex built reign founder 5th dynasty egypt located pyramid field north east step pyramid reigned constructed dressed stone core rubble pyramid ruined resembles conical hill sands reason known locally stone recognized royal pyramid western archaeologists 19th century pyramid larger complex comprising temple offering chapel cult pyramid separate pyramid temple wife queen temple cult pyramid today completely ruined difficult recognize pyramid queen mound rubble chamber exposed stone complex markedly different built 4th dynasty size architecture location pyramid complex manifestation profound changes ideology took place 4th 5th changes started reign likely immediate predecessor years construction pyramid complex restored later period cemetery discovery excavations entrance pyramid discovered italian entered years later took advantage existing tunnel dug pyramid tomb know sure owner pyramid attributed reign late 5th dynasty investigations buried tunnel remains inaccessible day pyramid entered official records years later list number buried tunnel time investigate pyramid pyramid neglected october cecil architect started season excavation cleared south pyramid area discovering temple tombs later period following year uncovered limestone relief slab red granite head determining pyramid owner death excavations took place site resumed worked clearing planning temple investigating eastern pyramid research north west sides complex conducted starting excavated restored pyramid entrance entrance buried rubble earthquake recent work pyramid undertaken layout complex comprises structures 4th dynasty predecessors high wall surrounded complex pyramid high temple certainly valley temple located closer uncovered valley temple connected pyramid causeway exact trajectory unknown meters visible today layout complex differs significantly earlier complexes organized north south axis east west high temple located south main pyramid structures turned away furthermore small offering chapel adjoining eastern base pyramid configuration offering usually occupy inner temple finally immediately south enclosure second smaller pyramid complex attributed wife queen reason changes unclear proposed explain hypothesis change ideology advent 5th dynasty marks growing importance cult sun hinted directly evidenced large sun temples built dynasty tradition initiated finally demonstrate strong connection cult sun cult dynasty offerings deceased ruler consecrated sun temple dispatched temple located temple south main pyramid sun shine directly year round second hypothesis holds chose return 3rd dynasty traditions choose construct complex north east corner complex layout similar organized north south axis entrances located south end eastern hypothesis proposes choice practical considerations discovered large moat completely surrounding enclosure places deep metres moat stone quarry material construction step pyramid reason important locate complex north east corner enclosure moat space available temple located east local topography explain peculiar layout complex temple temple layout architecture difficult establish certainty extensively stone large period shaft tomb dug midst damaging modern temple nonetheless shared elements temples time reigned complex layout temple differ significantly predecessors causeway entered pyramid enclosure southern end east wall entrance corridor branched south magazine rooms roof terrace north doorway led entrance hall turn led open black courtyard bordered sides south red granite pillars bearing titles king head found second oldest monumental statue egyptian ruler great head belonged metre high statue represents wearing walls courtyard adorned fine high depicting scenes life boat crew names estates connected cult king doors south east south west corners courtyard led small hall pairs red granite pillars storage chambers inner statue statues king placed facing pyramid north contrary temples inner separated pyramid courtyard remains temple visible today paving large granite blocks framing outer door offering chapel small offering chapel adjoining eastern main pyramid barely visible today consisted central room large false door narrow chambers sides like temple chapel black walls limestone granite adorned fine offering scenes cult pyramid south west corner complex small cult pyramid pyramid destined receive deceased housed statue stood metres high base metres long slope identical main pyramid position cult pyramid complex unusual cult pyramid normally located south eastern corner difference certainly linked peculiar overall north south layout complex south eastern corner hosting entrance temple core pyramid roughly limestone blocks similar main pyramid disposed layers finally clad fine limestone fell victim stone consequently poor quality pyramid core exposed rapidly lowest layers pyramid visible today pyramid shaped descending corridor leading chamber roof similarly main pyramid constructed shallow open pit dug ground pyramid construction started located ground level main pyramid construction pyramid located northeast corner step pyramid complex pyramid originally metres high metres large identical great pyramid total volume core pyramid built small roughly blocks local limestone disposed horizontal layers meant considerable saving labor compared large accurately stone 4th dynasty outer pyramid fell victim stone loosely assembled core material progressively exposed fared worse time older explains current ruined state pyramid pyramid core constructed step like structure construction technique similar 4th dynasty building material significantly lower quality outer pyramid fine limestone certainly ensured construction appearance similar glorious 4th dynasty red granite lower pyramid case pyramid pyramid internal chambers chambers located underground constructed deep open ditch dug pyramid construction started later covered pyramid entrance underground chambers located north pyramid pavement court pyramid face different 4th dynasty entrance internal chambers located pyramid entrance bedrock large white limestone removed modern times entrance metres long southward descending passage leads horizontal tunnel metres pyramid base meters tunnel red granite tunnel blocked large red granite having traces plaster seal granite barrier corridor branches eastward shaped magazine chamber probably contained equipment presence magazine chamber located base pyramid unique 5th 6th dynasty south end corridor lies located directly tip pyramid oriented east west axis leads west king burial chamber burial chamber height width longer western end burial chamber discovered fragments black originally placed slight depression chest chambers protected pyramid weight ceiling large limestone blocks architecture common 5th 6th chambers lined material floor pavement lost stone pyramid complex common prepare family close theirs followed tradition metres south enclosure small separate pyramid complex built queen east west axis pyramid completely ruined small mound rubble seen today discovery pyramid queen recognized following excavations south main pyramid year later proposed pyramid assigned wife mother discovered tomb priest court tomb located immediate vicinity complex yielded inscribed stone giving rank queen stone display evidence confirming assignment pyramid discovered excavated ruins temple consequently small pyramid complex attributed pyramid queen pyramid originally stood metres high slope similar base metres long core pyramid built technique main pyramid cult pyramid consisting horizontal layers roughly local limestone blocks mortar core undoubtedly covered fine limestone outer removed fact pyramid extensively stone quarry later times barely distinguishable surroundings internal chambers exposed entrance located pyramid northern consists descending passage leading shaped chamber chamber located tip pyramid oriented east west axis like rest queen pyramid complex roof large limestone blocks construction technique common pyramid chambers 5th dynasty scaled version magazines temple queen pyramid complex separate temple located east pyramid contrast complex difference explained small dimensions temple allowed oriented east usual fashion access temple located south east corner enclosure wall entrance led open courtyard stretched east west ritual cleaning preparation offerings took place extensive degradation suffered temple reconstruction attempts somewhat speculative ruins archaeologists propose temple comprised open possibly granite chapel adjoining pyramid statue magazine chambers traces cult pyramid found halls temple depictions animal offerings carriers moving shrine queen later alterations pyramid apparently object restoration work antiquity impulse fourth son attested inscriptions stone showing offering 26th dynasty temple burial ground large shaft tomb dug midst rendering modern reconstruction layout difficult indicates time period temple ruins | Pyramid of Userkaf | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
19410_Qal'atal-Bahrain | arabic known fort fort previously portugal fort portugal archaeological site located archaeological excavations carried unearthed artificial mound height containing seven layers created occupants 18th century including portuguese capital civilization inscribed history archaeological findings unearthed fort reveal history country area thought occupied years contains valuable insight copper bronze ages fort built thousand years ago northeastern peak present fort dates sixth century capital civilization according land ancestral place meeting point gods site termed important site antiquity excavation site carried danish expedition led later french expedition archaeologists involved work archaeological findings revealed seven urban structures beginning empire important ancient civilization region danish expedition revealed notable site geography fort tell built located island northern clear day seen stands like sentinel near capital away fertile north coast largest gulf region built close port land description typical tell artificial mound created successive layers human occupation strata spreads area encompasses tell continuous human presence 16th century site excavated revealing structures different types residential public commercial religious military testify importance site trading port centuries metre high mound impressive portuguese fort gave site meaning fort site capital contains richest remains civilization hitherto known written references site contains areas walls including northern city wall ruins consists sections fortification wall surrounding streets houses building edge moat portuguese fort centre pottery unearthed walls central building dating age temples pottery range unearthed artefacts indicated temples dating later relics copper ivory provide insight ancient trade links vessels unearthed site danish excavations palace area revealed snake seals mirror things layout excavations revealed small settlement period eastern northern village settled people developed agriculture near oasis planted palm trees tended cattle sheep goats ventured fishing small houses built rough stone clay mortar binding material floors houses said excavations hinted village streets separated housing complexes fortifications seen excavated area found township erected cardinal directions fort walls seen northern western southern slopes eastern excavated fortifications covered area acres walls built varying thickness stone masonry gates allowed transport passing fortifications frequently raised noted gates erected levels latest gate polished stone fine material fixed double gate western wall seen preserved length streets laid north south direction wide palace centre commanding location consisting warehouses indicative economic activity period proceeding north street leads large gate probably entry palace grounds modest houses built size type construction laid network roads place prospered till deserted eventually town covered drift sand sea metal artifacts found limited copper pieces fishing tools workshop size identified copper casting piece wax found small large melting metal recovered substantial quantities indicative large scale manufacture professional copper traded surrounding countries stamp seals recovered excavations vessels recovered cooking large vessels food import artifacts found indicates location include inscription link stone weight | Qal'at al-Bahrain | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
19696_BrutonDovecote | limestone tower built 15th 17th century english county somerset structure prospect tower prior grade listed building scheduled monument associated family owned estate dissolution known conversion house took place acquired managed site undertaking restoration work history date construction known precisely structure built time 15th 17th century architectural historian suggests building adapted monks tudor tower john authors claim structure built dissolution monasteries authors claim family acquired lands abbey constructed building prospect tower dating commissioned found timber door window frames came trees conversion took place important food source historically kept eggs flesh ruin windows blocked previously chimney fireplace seen acquired sir family seat tower subsequently designated scheduled monument listed building grade 1980s inspected investigation outbreak known disease fever infectious disease caused adjoining cause found infection restoration work undertaken including repairs tops walls exposed building longer roof wall ties south west corner masonry addition car parking educational signage provided partially funded south somerset council total location stands south overlooking town approximately metres south metres south trail architecture square tower built local limestone stone walls feet inches thick base tower square metres plan doorway arch feet inches high suggests construction date late 16th early 17th century entrance cattle enter later date blocked windows filled stone north east face light windows floor north west wall light windows holes installed original construction possibly tiers nest boxes remain previously possibly regular blocks inches square inches deep | Bruton Dovecote | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
19705_ChanaSchool | registered historic place illinois county seat oregon illinois oregon sites listed register school oddly shaped room moved original location joined register education museum built village illinois elimination school abandoned 1960s restoration effort undertaken late 1990s ending refurbishment building stands public park oregon illinois interior features architectural elements set apart typical 19th century distance building dominated bell tower history founded operated school retired wooden room built area classrooms students lower grades older students eighth grade late early 1950s classroom additional space storage early years village founded half mile northwest built early settlers sent children eighth grade abandoned built park white oak building storage barn hay fire destroyed second classroom added existing structure teacher oregon illinois resident late 19th century saw individuals teach different times ready address question build high school students attended high school oregon question brought vote failed students continued oregon schools eighth grade closing school closed larger original room converted bus garage large garage door cut building floor completely removed smaller room storage area ran room building overflow classroom mid-1960s district folded absorbed residents allowed remove items school district shut restoration property sold nearly demolished citizens formed save building relocated city park east oregon illinois volunteers began process building august years later september school grand opening operated museum help illustrate 1880s education united_states moving restoration facilitated grant grant intended help restore building original state restore sand hill prairie site develop museum exhibit space establish learning links museums support rural education focus curriculum architecture hand typical rural roof trademark bell tower hand building unique 19th century stylistic elements style examples include window pronounced openings architectural difference lies design floor plan exterior building designed style specialty demanded facade faces southwest today adorned left right center span porch beneath bell tower school open use doors restricted left right doors boys eighth grades middle door entry girls ages doors feature topped bell tower rises feet halfway length large round sign sign denotes school district year school foundation originally sign exterior wall larger rooms tower rises roof feet arches wooden construction found tower arches rest save limestone cement foundation arches decorated inside tower school bell bell house topped multi roof roof overall covered cedar features chimneys rising classrooms building southern facade original room features windows room rear windows style windows double hung design interior south entrance larger room original portion floor original closet built water stand pressed tin ceiling original features found portion building interior bell tower adorned coat hooks exits smaller classroom semi circular walls coat room bell rope hangs feet ceiling interior room restored original appearance red oak floor trimmed inches board quarter round curved semi circular walls mark coat rooms original room building rounded walls hold chair rail cover available space north east south walls pressed tin extends ceiling crown room walls ceiling second newer room fully restored currently museum rectangular room features half chimney partial original oak floors original set lower smaller children unique features building time period 1880s unique ways feature sets structure apart rural day building design started simple run mill room years later addition building attached second smaller classroom perpendicular original bell tower constructed connect rooms result unique layout resembling corner shaved inside building unique feature time coat rooms surrounded semi circular walls original wing building buildings site located rear school building non functional display models original 1870s structure transported site copy built salvaged materials school restoration historically associated considered non contributing factors national_register_of_historic_places listing significance added national_register_of_historic_places december original nomination form cited significant inclusion register criteria states property distinctive characteristics type period method construction represent work master possess high artistic values represent significant distinguishable entity components lack individual distinction addition school subject considerations register allowed inclusion despite general policy encourage nomination properties moved original location | Chana School | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
19708_MerleHayMall | enclosed super regional shopping mall iowa united_states opened oldest regional shopping center iowa largest mall iowa terms gross area opening neighboring site deadliest fire history killed people target mall anchor stores operate mall prominent stores mall include staples mall northwest wing contains food court inside city limits neighboring independently owned family original developers continues manage mall chicago based company handles mall duties history site originally home demolition monks resided sold monastery site chicago based developers interview stated developers chose mall city reputation model urban area mall known early planning stages executives suggested named killed world war namesake road mall instead originally planned strip mall redesigned open air plaza department stores buildings common area shortly construction began early opened august stores time opening including anchor bowling alley operation today second anchor store opened later moved downtown early tenants included supermarket space later bishop closed replaced movie theater story office building added enclosure enclosed years later mall construction completed major westward expansion doubled size mall additional anchors moved downtown added mall expansion attracted average day interview economist stated successfully adapted changing lifestyles 1960s 1970s offering longer shopping hours time downtown merchants began restricting hours author native commented opening changed memoir father people early 1960s people exchanged boasts long downtown found new kind happiness lost continent wrote people thought iowa women country don think went saturday commented iowa women fire original store hay mall destroyed fire broke morning november fire caused estimated million damage killed store employees store closed nearly year order rebuild early fire officials announced hydrogen buildup caused water leaking store heating cooling system caused fire court documents filed attorneys stated electrical malfunction caused wires covered giving acid lawyers representing families victims sued companies manufactured associated including lawsuits settled court suit dismissed district judge april anchor changes lost anchor closed decided stop selling furniture order focus profitable fashion business replaced chain round chapter bankruptcy faced mall analysis showed ward operating store instead class line department store lease required responded closing early opened new store space august rest mall underwent million renovation year moved space july month famous left market old demolished shortly room new target store opened july target opening ended period declining sales mall sales decreased percent year open present day redevelopment mall anchored target approximately tenants food court single screen movie theater largest movie screen managed company held majority ownership interest mall undergone renovations time remain viable shopping center according ceo area large support shopping goal hay mall redevelopment surviving shopping march city council agreed area hay mall tax financing district order help mall owners pay future renovations came mall assessed property value declined million owners constructed new main entrance mall relocate retailers areas mall order create space new junior anchor stores exterior entrances renovated include staples moved smaller store location way shoe carnival result redevelopment relocated smaller space mall sports moved mall replacing upper level movie theater | Merle Hay Mall | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
19734_KoOlinaStationandCenter | station center station center lifestyle center resort town neighborhood hawaii shopping mall opened consists centers located street station debuted recent center finished construction centers contain total approximately retail tenants majority native hawaiian businesses kitchen center modeled rural hawaiian community grocery store modeled country store located directly north old railway tracks includes mix dining retail options history station center built cater staying resorts beach beach club shopping mall built center golf club hosts championship golf spring lifestyle center developed phase opening opened unlike station featured second floor office space located directly center purpose offer office space stores restaurants amenities services consist square feet retail office space station consisting sixteen tenants center consisting fourteen center added new retailers lineup including island sole announcement followed expansion luxury retailer stated opening second location mall resort announced closure center tenants worried businesses owner local joked pizza lose slice sales june lifestyle center approaching capacity vacant retail tenants vacant office tenants design stores tenants located station center designed resemble rural hawaii island country market center grocery store owned modeled hawaiian rural country store described store fresh market concept high quality foods contributes kind shopping experience mall located old railway tracks originally hauled freight passengers location influenced overall design center incorporating historic feel railroads | Ko Olina Station and Center | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
20187_YueHwaBuilding | chinese pinyin historic building located junction singapore built swan tallest building known tin building owned building housed storey chinese hotel lift shops popular chinese travellers sold building hong_kong businessman converted chinese products department store singapore renovation process exterior adding features interior won building history known tin hotel singapore built swan started hotel tallest building completed chinese hotel singapore lift owned building housing called tin meaning southern sky hotel leased building tenants operated shops businesses people commonly referred entire tin building hotel subsequently popular tin building major shopping hub customers found fashionable building shops outlets chinese operas staged building occasional attraction operated chinese travellers including celebrities hong_kong china unlike hotels like hotel accommodated mainly europeans english speaking visitors hotel shops entertainment outlets rich chinese immigrants considered sold building price million head hong_kong based multinational corporation flagship department store company set father global corporation companies involved investments travel general trading department stores hong_kong popular tourists agricultural produce provinces china stores sell jade carvings medical products february ended operations building hotel faced increasing competition industry time closure hotel operating rooms equipped double bed ceiling fan catering mainly budget travellers malaysia indonesia seven existing tenants building vacated businesses building sold paid compensation sum year building architectural conservation new owner asked preserve building façade similar restrictions interiors renovation works carried building tin building converted department store renamed department store opened october sells range traditional chinese products including herbs furniture arts crafts architecture original design tallest buildings singapore early 20th century important landmark designed swan architectural style tin building building designed strictly functional grey coloured façade consist bare ordinary designs like strong horizontal lines angular arches simple building fitted steel frame windows metal considered fashionable 1930s floor little lighter colour use cast iron extensive use green glass storeys chinese hotel lift original design accommodated offices storey hotel second storeys restaurant fifth storey tea house roof terrace restaurant fourth floor later converted owner office fifth floor occupied known southern shops entertainment outlets including situated ground floor restoration architectural firm engaged million restoration project accordance conservation guidelines tin building architects preserved building roof garden facing interior building revamped accommodate open layout suitable department store non structural interior walls torn new created constructing wall second storey exhibition hall storey high built building new storey extension stained glass interface join old new parts building new lifts added serve floors building result total floor space increased square metres square feet square metres square feet retail space created use store acquisition tin building invested total million set store selling chinese products singapore conservation restoration work won architectural heritage award | Yue Hwa Building | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
20235_UnitedStatesCapitolcornerstonelaying | united_states capitol cornerstone laying united_states capitol cornerstone laying ceremonial placement cornerstone united_states capitol september cornerstone laid president united_states george_washington assisted grand master maryland ritual items ritual cornerstone ceremony currently placement foundation stones important buildings greater washington area centennial capitol cornerstone laying held respectively ritual announced background workers began foundations united_states capitol july construction foundation building commissioner wrote members capitol commission suggesting cornerstone ceremony held september meeting commission agreed stuart setting date ceremony little weeks later ceremony september president united_states george_washington entourage crossed arrive city washington joined escort consisting alexandria members virginia maryland proceeded construction grounds approximately miles away site capitol washington received grand master silver plaque fashioned georgetown handed washington stepped foundation trench placed plaque cornerstone lowered plaque inscribed brief tribute military washington dedicated building year second term presidency george_washington year masonry washington accompanied carrying sacrifices corn wine oil struck stone times prescribed custom washington exited trench ritual chanting assembled gun salute gun state alexandria volunteer artillery clark delivered short invocation pounds slaughtered subsequent history artifacts apron worn washington cornerstone laying according popular belief years earlier gifted washington contemporary research indicates case apron currently owned washington ceremony display united_states capitol visitor center cornerstone laying occasionally cornerstone ceremonies important buildings washington metropolitan area including british embassy thomas jefferson memorial strike cornerstone times given washington master lodge maryland death donated lodge family lodge kept meeting place placed vault branch remains today occasionally removed important cornerstone ceremonies including precise location cornerstone lost centuries following ceremony attack multiple expansions original building architect capitol following protracted search involving use ground penetrating radar electromagnetic induction induced announced found large stone buried beneath section foundation obviously ceremonial stone declared probably cornerstone building sign original silver plaque discovered experts believe destroyed construction senate chambers centennial centennial capitol roughly modeled cornerstone ceremony organized september pre ceremonial parade proceeded route followed washington entourage led president rode presidential state coach accompanied squadron united_states_army cavalry president followed ceremonial escort formed divisions division consisted friendly societies second division formed contingents lineage societies including sons revolution division included federal military forces including units fourth division consisted local fire brigades capitol united_states marine band provided music accompanied person choir opening remarks delivered cleveland followed hour speech member grandson according news reports day spectators attended event modest occurred september organized architect capitol george white appointment architect capitol white mason sight rarely mode initiation grand master instantly raises degree master mason ceremony attended grand united_states time white announced occur friday september depictions cornerstone laying historical artist commissioned paint accurate representation ceremony oil canvas painting currently hangs seat mural depicting washington laying cornerstone capitol different mural chambers painted cox depicts cornerstone ceremony | United States Capitol cornerstone laying | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
20246_RohmandHaasCorporateHeadquarters | corporate headquarters corporate headquarters philadelphia pennsylvania united_states built headquarters chemical manufacturing company completed building private investment urban renewal independence mall area blocks independence hall building designed lauded respect nearby park historical buildings philadelphia city planners praised corporate headquarters standard redevelopment buildings story building notable feature translucent supported aluminum building facade principal product corporate headquarters listed national_register_of_historic_places today considered best examples international style history corporate headquarters conceived city philadelphia plan improve revive area independence hall creation park north independence hall area saw construction new modern buildings including federal courthouse new revival independence mall area city approached philadelphia based chemical manufacturing company independence mall according legend reportedly said city survive companies like desert surely city survive federal funds private investors investing urban renewal land significant factor decision stay philadelphia private investor build independence mall commissioned philadelphia based design new headquarters design met poor response decided leading architect approached time dean architecture planning worked redesign original plan new design completed months approved construction began completed costing close million moved old washington square headquarters new building 2000s corporate headquarters needed upgrades building systems facilities company spent years deciding current building cheaper modern space decided stay current building spend million renovations building architecture layout main reason company stay building allows single departments stay floor skyscraper departments likely spread floors hired handle building renovations original plan received exceeded renovation budget help pay renovations tried building declared allow company tax credits usually buildings years old considered building significance modern architecture kept state pennsylvania national_park_service interested designated building listed national_register_of_historic_places february help corporate headquarters listed landmark focused renovations opening floor space systems original plan altered building facade abandoned facade received thorough cleaning inside enclosed office space removed replaced open new layout designed let light interior building work spaces received new furniture replaced dated 1960s dining area moved basement street level space previously occupied bank vacant years security telecommunications central plant systems upgraded modernized interior renovations finished improvements surrounding plaza completed months later building starting original design office tower turned corporate headquarters square foot story low horizontal block corner 6th street market street blocks away independence hall corporate headquarters facade runs parallel 6th street looking independence mall reinforced concrete framed building sits concrete columns set street raised plaza plaza cuts middle ground level building opening larger plaza fountain small pool plaza building allows public access alley leads seventh street help building cool added bronze colored translucent panel facade supported bronze aluminum principal product use dark colors gave facade pattern overall effect avoiding making building appear board room artistic commissions light fixtures designer building received philadelphia city planners felt set standard redevelopment buildings building designed contrast nearby 18th century georgian architecture washington_post architecture critic praised building sensitivity nearby historic buildings related texture small size independence hall time large open space independence mall praised logical configuration building described rational office building today corporate headquarters considered best examples international style | Rohm and Haas Corporate Headquarters | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
20453_CommerceSquare | commerce square commerce square class high rise office building complex pennsylvania united_states commerce square consists commerce square identical story office towers feet high surround paved courtyard square feet granite clad towers feature setbacks north south sides building topped pair stone diamonds squares center towers built office building boom philadelphia experiencing late 1980s designed called towers developed joint venture leased half commerce square company mid-atlantic headquarters construction phase included commerce square plaza retail space began completed project second phase commerce square begin lead tenant secured building agreed commerce square lead tenant skyscraper corporate headquarters year search office space region commerce square ended skyscraper construction boom 1980s completed office skyscraper built philadelphia built centre 1990s commerce square lead tenants reduced presence dramatically towers moved operations philadelphia early 1990s bought later decade operations moved philadelphia 2000s commerce square praised mainly design towers surrounding plaza renowned philadelphia urban praised commerce square plaza saying prove finest commercial projects built century history commerce square office building boom took place late 1980s philadelphia pennsylvania boom numerous constructed west market street neighborhood million development commerce square led managing partner los_angeles project moving engaged architectural firm called design complex design leading architectural firm incentive approached company past associations early november negotiations agreed joint partner development agreed serve lead tenant commerce square occupying half building headquarters mid-atlantic region commerce square split buildings commerce square built second tower commerce square built later lead tenant secured plans commerce square officially announced november press conference held phase project included commerce square retail restaurant space plaza underground parking garage construction began phase june commerce square topped ceremony june skyscraper officially opened october indicated wanted consolidate offices spread philadelphia office building proposals developers building house corporate headquarters march sought numerous developers philadelphia suburbs announced floors commerce square lead tenant secured construction identical tower commenced july commerce square completed july began moving approximately employees september year commerce square marked end skyscraper boom 1980s office skyscraper built philadelphia office building boom 1980s 1990s saw office resulted numerous reduced rates struggling financially workforce consolidating operations nationwide plans included moving local employees city initially occupied nearly half commerce square fifth building thomas partners split leaving ownership commerce square thomas properties group split mortgage financing commerce square towers successfully debt commerce square unable debt commerce square prime mortgage holder break filed chapter bankruptcy protection parent company owned commerce square emerged bankruptcy reorganization early company concerns filling space soon vacated october bought merger concluded offices employees began moved building merger deal absorbed year lease csx responsible paying lease square feet space cost offices phased commerce square filled newly vacated space new tenants commerce square philadelphia austin announced december closed previously announced transactions acquire remaining common ownership interest commerce square commerce square million acquire points centre related land parcels austin texas million philadelphia trophy office towers certified result extensive capital redevelopment program commerce square central plaza includes ground level retail restaurants foot showcasing latest local international art innovation space underground garage dancing fountain integrated led light system foot led entrance serves courtyard centerpiece crown jewel capital redevelopment program completely unique city serves grand stage visual arts creating entertaining atmosphere free tenants guests restaurant patrons visitors enjoy aesthetically pleasing content carefully selected house curator sixteen surround sound speakers content playing creating true urban oasis city assumed management responsibilities including property management funded acquisition including closing adjustments assumption million existing mortgage debt balance available corporate funds stipulated asset million square foot valued million square foot consists story buildings totaling square feet austin northwest gold buildings built currently leased land parcels acquired million entitled build square feet office space funded acquisition available corporate funds delighted complete transactions parkway thomas teams closing transaction stated president chief executive officer commerce square currently occupied providing significant occupancy rental rate growth opportunities acquisition consistent stated objective increasing overall revenue contribution urban town center properties acquisition land parcels expands operating platform provides quality addition austin portfolio attractive price value add development opportunity architecture located west market street philadelphia pennsylvania commerce square comprises twin story feet office towers designed commerce square covers entire block 20th 21st streets commerce square contains square feet includes square feet office space square feet lobby square feet car parking garage pale gray granite clad feature setbacks north south sides building floors containing square feet upper floors square feet floors feature large floor space design influenced needs 1980s towers topped pair standing stone diamonds squares center towers separated square feet paved courtyard tables chairs arranged large pink granite circular fountain plaza center plaza designed impressed commerce square plaza philadelphia city planning commission included influences complex new building code governing open space reception commerce square praised design towers surrounding plaza philadelphia_inquirer said positive aspect avoids developers shopping makes real urban place expresses great confidence philadelphia important idea living cities renowned philadelphia urban praised commerce square plaza saying sensitivity urban design beautifully demonstrated design lobby level including splendid garden commerce square 20th market streets think prove finest commercial projects built century tenants commerce square main tenant moved skyscraper opened initially occupied nearly half commerce square decades consolidation reduced company presence building tenants commerce square include office space commerce square commerce square opened square feet tower corporate headquarters bought csx share square feet tower today commerce square center accounting consulting firms largest occupies square feet occupying tower opening professional services firm leased square feet tower relocating commerce square early related firms include square feet tenants fill tower include 14th 15th floors square feet engineering firm occupies square feet company moved square feet fourth floors raising commerce square occupancy percent | Commerce Square | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
20796_DovecotatBlackfordFarm | english county somerset probably built 11th century grade listed building scheduled monument cylindrical stone cone shaped roof contains nest boxes food possibly local lord manor owned store neighbouring farm history earliest written record exact date construction known attached mansion house burnt manor previously belonged order founded known construction undertaken family later held manor important food source historically kept eggs flesh forms property donated sir 15th scheduled ancient monument designated grade listed building repairs undertaken building store neighbouring farmer architecture building cylindrical external diameter feet inches feet high walls feet thick built sandstone doorway widened current height feet inches high feet inches wide 19th century replacing smaller door present contains nest holes arranged tiers irregular pattern boxes approximately inches wide inches wide opening smaller interior box lowest boxes feet inches earth floor kept damp away brown rats common area 18th century original hole roof entry covered flat stone covered glass interior dry interior roof holes nesting boxes | Dovecot at Blackford Farm | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
20927_MediaCityUK | acre mixed use property development site banks greater manchester england project developed principal tenants media organisations land occupied development port manchester bbc signalled intention jobs manchester site chosen granted planning permission develop site construction development energy generation plant communications network began year based principal tenant bbc marks large scale london completed phase march followed stages northern arm second stage involved coronation street moved new production facility wharf end studios broadway houses seven high definition studios claimed largest facility europe developed phases acre phase completed second dependent success light rail system extended opening stop september extensions planned road access improved construction broadway link road location eastern end manchester ship canal site largest urban regeneration projects united_kingdom closure forms area known joint tourism initiative encompasses manchester ship canal development includes total acres land development phase development primarily focused acre site pier announced itv production centre built wharf background reports emerged plans renewal bbc considering moving channels strands production london manchester early discussions involved plan bbc new media village proposed site studios city proposals relocate jobs manchester unveiled bbc director general december bbc justified spending head low northern england low approval ratings facilities manchester needed replacing initial list sites narrowed short list manchester street close close pier site chosen june north satisfactory licence fee settlement government chosen site undeveloped site area subject considerable investment emerging tourist destination residential commercial centre vision developers create significant new media city capable competing global scale developments copenhagen singapore granted planning consent outline application multi use development site involving residential retail studio office space october consent detailed planning application followed month approved moving london based departments development departments moved construction started site owner developer contractor media facilities opened stages facility located refurbished featured large sound stages suitable drama productions commercials january received planning permission convert site offices construction phase greenhouse trial took place november half hour test featured power failure fire drill involved evacuation audience crew programme filmed don scare hare february transfer question sport month bbc employees started transferring development process took weeks bbc director general confirmed jobs created transferred site january bbc accused supporting community reported jobs created development gone residents channel expressed interest moving activities bbc stated bbc bbc confirmed moves successful buildings facilities traditional street names development main styled blue white pink yellow orange purple green street furniture coloured ambient lighting colour coded match map site devised landscape architects site create public spaces focal point park stretches ship canal buildings located distinct areas capable holding events people studios free standing big screen bbc occupy buildings designed architects simple forms intended waterfront settings buildings provide square feet accommodation bbc occupying square feet office space bbc square foot main building match day broadcast dragons den produced contains bbc departments november teams moved programmes storey building designed architects structure types including folded aluminium diamond pattern houses departments floors seven floors staff studios broadway contains seven high definition studios claimed largest facility europe largest studio area square feet making biggest western europe fitting began cost million time bbc summer seven studios vary size large studios ground floor smaller studios floor larger audio studios sitting hydraulic noise generated surrounding studios dedicated studio block contains offices glass fronted storey hotel pie factory occupies factory closing converted film commercial production facility facilities renovated sound stages office space opened working studio complex greenhouse designed architects refurbished storey office block converted small flexible office small companies media creative industries residential elements development providing apartments tower blocks storey apartment building storey building studio facilities opening swing links southern bank ship canal designed association bridge main span feet open provides foot wide navigation channel ships feet height developers specified unique memorable landmark visibility created curved bridge deck offset pivot mast array supporting cables fan sail shape seating benches lit night bridge constructed funding final link circular walking route connecting development officially opened york opened public landscaping works completed development powered gas powered energy plant producing electricity cooling heating water ship canal twice efficient conventional grid electricity helped development gain sustainable community status communications network advanced world million metres cable capable delivering internet speeds required media production architecture criticised editor magazine describes accumulation development building sports different treatments sense extreme anxiety architect bbc low hard development awarded cup worst new building writing guardian criticised development easily closed life rest city tenants bbc approximately bbc staff employed july announced programme claimed development create jobs add regional economy years bbc estimated moving cost nearly billion spread years director general claimed cost moving bbc north national business divisions bbc based includes following bbc departments bbc relocated site interested relocating negotiations developers abandoned amid financial dispute change management talks resumed january december decision announced production facility constructed house coronation street sets transferred march broadcast signifying completion initial phase migration street occupied office formed joint venture manage studios announced headquarters london awarded million contract provision earth station broadcast announced launch july opened offices blue tower month later moved media related teaching research site october cost university million rent diverse mix service companies small companies offering services casting camera hire occupying greenhouse moved offices greenhouse opened office greenhouse facilitate administration rugby league world cup hope high school taken evangelical christian organisation renamed new premises edge site completed september utc backed creative media music industries opened transport stop opened september light rail system serving lies end metre spur built phase expansion project run access improved construction broadway link road links site motorway junction provision car parking high rise space multi storey car park completed august pre cast curved structure clad mixture aluminium panels shaded aluminium tiles comprising floors parking development energy centre commercial units provides high frequency city connect bus service linking centre railway stations centre cycle racks encourage healthy green ways site | MediaCityUK | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
20966_CineCity,Withington | cinema manchester england located road manchester opened cinema open britain 1930s cinemas increasingly popular cinemas manchester peak road outside hit small bomb second world war cinema showing films time survived minor damage war television led decline cinema cinemas remained manchester closed july making longest running cinema england building bad state repair threatened demolition heritage groups won stay execution cinema demolished spring replacement building planned site history cinema opened cinema open britain time closure longest running cinema country original single screen auditorium fitted seats cinema screens advent resident female cinema pianist conductor sir played piano accompany silent films went play coronation street resident pianist 1930s popularity new picture houses grew rapidly manchester peak people visited times week cinema going seen social ill time school teachers complained pupils spending time cinema regular movie cinema 1920s local boy went oscar winning actor small bomb fell road cinema night october cinema time screening daughter survived minor damage close weeks repairs completed war popularity cinemas waned people acquired cinemas left manchester threatened closure owner time died purchased kept cinema open july closed competition new cinema nearby closure redevelopment cinema closed purchased attempts turn building pub rejected council twice initial planning application subsequent appeal application denied new food drink town development plan building purchased applied planning permission december demolish cinema ground floor shops flats upper floors plans withdrawn seen site site purchased property developer runs purchased site regarded far gone decided demolished new building constructed place campaign save building started actor comedian ended failure years later realised existing building cost million building retained number original features including gold seats wall ceiling roses fabric building remained poor state repair january announced building demolished erected preparation building considered iconic manchester regarded interesting demolished spring pair stone piers building grade listed remain replacement building plans new building site gone generations design consisted storey building including basement large shop ground floor underground car park floors residential apartments level hold building mechanics floor square feet leaning tower building design given planning permission revised design turned floor area arts venue cinema music auditorium conference room people new plans cost new design deemed second design consisted storey building large ground floor shop storey car park floors flats half metre height previous design include tower plan initially rejected council subsequently approved april rejected later applications site rejected particularly concerns parking site vacant june | Cine City, Withington | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
21147_Chalke | gate greek main ceremonial entrance great palace constantinople byzantine period means bronze gate given bronze bronze tiles roof interior decorated marble exterior façade featured number statues prominent icon christ major symbol chapel dedicated christ erected 10th century gate gate demolished 13th century chapel survived early 19th century history gate lay southeastern corner main ceremonial plaza city cathedral northern southern western sides structure location erected architect reign emperor celebrate victory war like city center structure burned riots subsequently rebuilt building extensively described historian 7th 8th centuries prison emperor repaired converted law court emperor attached small chapel dedicated christ later rebuilt scale emperor endowed relics buried rebuilding facilitated fact predecessor emperor enclosed palace new wall reduced longer attached main gatehouse bronze gates emperor reign mentioned byzantine chapel survived long mentioned largely intact russian pilgrims 14th century ottoman times ruins chapel known functioned remains chapel depicted 18th century drawings finally demolished description literary descriptions gate survive earliest prominent source accounts statues gatehouse façade come later rectangular building engaged piers supporting central dome turn rested barrel arches typical byzantine fashion piers south north somewhat lower east west central structure smaller chambers south north featuring vaulted roof relation gate unclear suggested located left proposed actually built atop gatehouse known chapel placed atop elevated platform 18th century depictions locate southeast interior decoration described walls decorated multi colored marble ceilings covered depicted empress flanked senate victories gothic wars return bearing defeated kings kingdoms emperor external decoration comparatively unknown record existence statues probably placed central doorway included emperor wife children pair statues philosophers taken athens stretching arms statues emperor heads temple surround sign cross text records statues emperor entire located nearby exact location statue relation building unclear studied problem recorded concluded references came text written great images emperor family unlikely survived overthrow murder icon christ main entrance stood icon christ called christ christ origins icon obscure based mention existed stated certainty prominent display entrance imperial palace city major religious symbols consequently removal emperor major political statement spark violent rioting city marked beginning official prohibition icons empire icon restored time removed replaced simple cross definitive restoration icons mosaic icon famed monk artist replaced exact appearance icon unclear early image interpreted bust christ type late byzantine references coins mosaic use term depictions standing christ pedestal | Chalke | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
21247_PuiTakCenter | chinese pinyin yale literally virtue center known building located chicago designed architects building built opened association immigrant assistance center building informally referred city hall fbi raided building investigation federal government seized building year building purchased million renamed year designated chicago landmark commission chicago landmarks spent million raised community donations update building neglected interior newly named hosts religious community educational programs english second language courses won grant partners preservation program sponsored preparation restoration work structural architectural engineering firm completed evaluation building eastern southern focusing portions restoration work began spring scheduled completion early fully restoring building exterior pieces clay roof tiles step long range million repair plan history chinese businesses began relocating loop chicago south starting trend appealed deed holder attorney hire architect design building large house stores apartments office space block road built building design typical period featured white tile trim adorned chinese dragons floor balcony association relocated building floor 1920s chinese community leaders secured approximately year properties newly developing director association decided chinese style building constructed strong visual announcement chinese community new presence area chinese born architects chicago time chicago born norse architects asked design spring decided employ pair firm built studying texts chinese architecture final design example western architect interpretation chinese architectural forms good substitute found traditional chinese architecture designed exterior accents type produced illinois building plans announced chicago_tribune july building called expensive elaborate buildings erected america chinese construction began completed year later cost million building opened immigrant assistance center housed meeting halls school shrine association offices informally referred city hall offered reverend space building open chinese catholic school catholic grade school 1950s school remained building construction new devoted school building completed seizure sale mid-1960s prosecutors began claiming building national headquarters dollar operation april fbi chicago police investigators raided confiscated gambling casino hidden building second floor seized vault assistant attorney asserted association collected million illegal gambling profits building seized federal government months later federal statutes floor shops building sat years rooms upper floors fell disrepair paint faded ornamentation pieces floor unanimous voice vote city_council committee commission designated december landmark described chicago significant symbol cultural heritage chinese year bought building government million uses newly named host religious community educational programs family literacy classes music programs computer courses youth activities english second language courses center largest program recent chinese immigrants visit center assistance everyday needs serving approximately new immigrants annually center annual million operating budget partially funded state local government grants private donations renovation restoration purchasing building spent million raised community donations extensive alterations building interior suffered paint falling plaster poor lighting vault converted closet building heating water systems underwent major renovations replacement renovations completed opened building november november won grant partners preservation program sponsored spreading word mail facebook church building led week long online contest start ultimately received vote received votes historic chicago sites participating contest including unity temple preparation restoration work structural architectural engineering firm completed evaluation building eastern southern focusing portions testing engineers able evaluate state damaging pieces severely cracked damaged pieces partially removed report written findings report provided recommendations masonry facade repair work restoration work began spring scheduled completion early damaged elements replaced south tower erected building eastern facade preparation restoration work fully restoring building exterior pieces clay roof tiles step long range million repair plan | Pui Tak Center | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
21281_DumasBrothel | montana founded french canadian brothers joseph named nominal owner née joseph wife grew considerably years miners employed city copper mines establishment changes continuing pressure authorities closed described rare intact commentary social history time closure longest operating united_states having operated years prostitution illegal closing changed hands times eventually tourist attraction owned managed series residents background 1870s group women called ladies line began selling sexual services park street north city montana tents street replaced legitimate businesses years later park street girls come known moved south city variety dance halls gambling houses appeared city lined fact nearly building street housed prostitution area come known twilight zone paramount establishments mixture saloon dance hall late 19th century prominent owned including united_states senator wealthy businessman montana french canadian brothers joseph eventually acquire property prostitution areas red light district brothers built east mercury street named née joseph wife turn century high class sex houses hotel victoria called hotel description story brick building facing raised basement level backing main levels feature surrounded provided access basement afforded basic accommodations connected subterranean mining tunnel system history operations details known early history early house listed saloon man census records occupied servant chinese cook prostitutes cost sex turn 20th century cents working girls receiving percent despite size madame working girls musician employment businesses like red light district unusually lucrative ventures businesses frequented miners local year traffic grew point operations expanded building tiny girls worked basement house ways potential clients access door opened near busiest section red light area basement accessed staircase operated hours day girls taking shifts women reported actually living instead prostitutes lived parts shifts activities city prostitutes generally restricted windows street facing girls attract prospective clients varying states local newspaper explained girls abandon trace women lean windows address kind language people passing street appearance visit business like criticized number people sought reform red light district reverend condemned lowest vice west saw legitimate vice damn souls young man young woman held revival services residents attracted red light district local business benefited depended support sex workers establishments like prostitutes buy dresses local frequent city dry chinese looking birth control disease ensure operations girls pay city police governance dollar fines instead closing relocating red light district mayor police ordered women wear longer skirts high refrain place reported seen district long dresses long faces women matter fit publication people mayor shut district district contributing thousand dollars city month efforts eventually died expanded story structure added building increasing number added opened directly time known copper prices went miners city experienced pay rise cents injected additional economy experienced patronage result added patronage added staircase ground floor grand world war prohibition local initiate crackdown red light district district effectively closed signs saying men commonplace census prostitution completely disappeared declared profession remained operation began overseeing family 1930s operations passed husband dick began running raising price sex years later government ordered shut prevent spread diseases soldiers world war response began operating guise window shopping abandoned completely heavy steel door installed small sliding window customers gain entrance sliding window opened identity acknowledged additionally added code system dealing troublesome guests employed retired price woman operations went ceased owners time management short committed suicide lover died heart attack late 1960s came local police officers taking initiative close operating high class sex houses windsor hotel remain closed long operating death cancer listed national_register_of_historic_places victorian active house prostitution following year local resident thirty years purchased pay local police officers officials month return silence activities cost prostitute come financial difficulties charged tax closed following year closure convicted federal tax served months prison closed soon robbery took place closed longest operating united_states having operated years long prostitution outlawed sold dealer named condition preserved original state turned museum operated 1990s encountered financial difficulties attempted sell building responded sought reopen museum gallery convention center national_register_of_historic_places wrote support rescue significant standing house area length operation rare intact commentary social history restoration including prostitutes operation proceeded september claimed owed wages work performed sued granted wages petitioned additional penalties business deal terminated years followed auction twice money maintain building late escorting new_york_times reporter interview discovered place broken low funds worried health shut earlier month operated offering tours robbery discovered dismantled beds stolen antique lamps artwork emptied glass cases artifacts missing rare sex toys june conveyed new owners locals time building great disrepair things water damage collapsed wall structurally sound roof new owners planned summer tours following year ultimate goal turning bed breakfast needs needs rest community people want visit said late duo sought loan local urban body requested additional grant december tours offered limited basis claims haunted ghost author recalled paranormal experiences related suggested ghost | Dumas Brothel | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
21500_NaulakhaPavilion | pavilion prominent white marble personal chamber roof located courtyard northern section pakistan structure originally precious semi precious stones overlooked today monuments situated western façade providing view ancient city larger fort complex inscribed etymology pavilion built emperor small summer house cost time called language word means worth brought word common use precious history built rule emperor great location earlier mud fort solid brick masonry complex later extended modified subsequent emperors emperor romantic man master piece built small summer house cost time buildings erected reconstructed rule personal interest design construction architectural traditions manifest distinctive symmetry accents block northwest section fort actually built predecessor building listed listed protected monument act pakistan larger fort complex inscribed recently building materials started showing signs damage air pollution dioxide emissions affected white marble nearby design pavilion rectangular shape situated west prominent centrally arched curved roof unique feature symbolic architecture reflects mixture contemporary traditions time construction sloping roof europe demonstrates imperial religious image subject original roof probably inner walls precious semi precious stones silver delicate ornamentation considered finest world tile arched openings floral designs images angels symbols marble screens pavilion crowned prevent inmates seen grounds fort river overall comprises private quarters royal family closely resembles fort inspirations unique impressive monument architecture building source inspiration early days novels titled sic written collaboration brother fiancée caroline novel precious necklace called settled house vermont named pavilion virtues rural vermont pavilion motif reverse pakistani issued government pakistan motif subsequently replaced tomb 1980s taken circulation pakistan embassy building partly modelled gallery | Naulakha Pavilion | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
21575_CaesarsPalace | aaa diamond luxury hotel casino paradise nevada united_states situated west prestigious casino hotels world las_vegas largest best known landmarks established sought create facility gave guests sense life contains statues columns typical period productions including foot statue near entrance owned operated hotel rooms towers convention facility square feet hotel large range restaurants including serving authentic chinese cuisine cater wealthy east asian outset oriented attracting high modern casino facilities include table games spanish mini poker square foot hour poker room large number slot machines video poker machines hotel closely associated entertainment industry served venue boxing late 1970s hosted notable performed include elton_john janet_jackson mariah carey main performance venue seat stadium square foot stage originally built cost million new day departing returned new entitled march contract shows year history early history owners applied million loan began plans build hotel land owned later act designer hotel planned construct wanted emulate life literally come palace everybody staying hotel feel like instrumental beginning new era lavish late 1960s onward architectural writer stated palace needed array classical host marble white columns establish theme visitor imagination league placed publicity filled wrote result elaborate talked resort seen emblem female waiting mouth roman fitted laurel dagger inauguration ceremony hotel august partner spent million dollars largest order ukrainian placed private organization tons pounds maryland glasses champagne cocktail greet guests welcome palace slave performers opening according author mob controlled casino day opened doors time opened significant publicity new hotel generated million advanced december stunt performer arrived hotel watch boxing match convinced jump distance feet abc came film jump hit safety ramp jump flew parking lot neighbouring dunes bones suffering concussion lay hospital unconscious days coma recovering april son successfully completed jump casino hotel named intended world expensive casino attracting elite world accused casino financial manager having ties organized crime figures new_york new_england tried task force pressured investors sell casino led acquired restaurant chain owners stuart million company soon shed restaurant operations changed july year executives lay ground expansion area hotel buried time capsule area began performing fallout sands signed year contract early morning hours september playing high stakes casino performing time normal limits game hand playing wanted stakes raised began shouting request denied hotel executive came talk witnesses incident said men threats producing gun pointing walked casino returned home fulfilling rest week engagement booked charge assault deadly weapon released bail local district attorney office declined file charges pulling gun stating refused statement incident despite swearing perform returned retirement january frequent performer decade performing mother died plane crash january awarded grammy trustees award party hotel celebrating years business birthday given gaming license entertainment public relations consultant casino week african american rights activists stormed hotel protest involved coalition welfare mothers lawyers radical priests civil rights leaders movie stars years later spring hundreds african american workers went strike hotel major strike las_vegas history entrances hotel casino blocked hotel lost million dollars strike including cancellation worth corporation contracted build million story building adjacent palace fire broke hotel people sold shares year trying gaming license casino new_jersey accused brothers business people organized crime connections later history annual convention held party lavish feast included crab claws beef range different won casino machine won twice soon years won million machines kept pumping money machines despite luck fell spent time years law courts claiming casino operators machines winning 1990s hotel management sought create elaborate features compete modern las_vegas developments opened venues city shopping particularly high end fashion house stores attraction new redevelopment opened october june acquired owner fined permitting high limit player dance card table game underway named 55th annual listing star award winning establishments worldwide september agreed pay million civil money penalty violating bank secrecy act architecture lonely planet refers hotel las_vegas roman featuring marble classical art style fused clear influences hollywood epic productions dominate construction story hotel acre site began opened lay opposite desert inn original hotel featured lanes marble columns feet frontage hotel set feet feet car park accommodate cars water heavily casino resort uses million gallons year feet high statue taxi lies leading entrance rape women statues venus david greet guests arrive near entrance faced handed shrine weighs tons thailand casting ceremony november according inscription exterior tower million renovation hotel original built extended slated completion january story tower renovated rooms added total rooms renamed entertainment close wrote latest piece billion investment cement premier resort center palace tower opened story palace tower adjacent garden gods pool oasis mirrors roman theme hotel columns columns facade statues scattered interior space rooms range square feet size feet high ceilings sitting area writing desk chair spa lower levels palace tower house spa fitness center square feet banquet meeting space including square feet ballroom forum tower rooms forum tower opened furnished king size beds writing desk leather chair room sitting area bathroom floor emperors suite includes master dining area tower tower story tower completed cost million announced tower renovated renamed operate hotel restaurant concept tower hotel resort exterior unchanged interior rooms small standards bigger rooms standard hotel motif asian luxury high end amenities including sake bar strict security uses optical room sitting area bedroom black furniture artworks bathroom contains double sized stall teak shower stall black tiles large rain style luxury like cream dental kit high end products exceed usual offerings hotels electronics include charging devices flat screen multiple outlets room check dedicated staff retrieve customer prior hotel airport etc customer left waiting arrival complimentary japanese tea service guest check featuring green tea special rice security feature elevators operated outside room key buttons inside elevators services include hour room dining access spa access services available additional charge plans tower began consolidated architects expansion cost million included story foot tall tower addition new convention meeting facilities resort restaurant located ground floor serving breakfast lunch dinner features restaurant located outside paris starred chef tower includes overlooking roman plaza night clubs wedding opened rooms designed luxury service parts resort accessed private small lobby separate main entrance rooms feature foot ceilings hotel chambers beginning square feet going square feet largest feature spa highlights space rooms view garden gods pool area second floor tower spa containing roman hot cold pools sculpted stone underwater heated pool separate therapy rooms tower renamed tower features rooms tower private elevator banks exclusive key cards tower opened january room tower added million expansion tower shares lobby tower smallest rooms tower start square feet according forbes feel modern palette brown gray lime green bright red loaded marble floors double pools pools unlike las_vegas modeled roman main pool garden gods oasis palace website describes collection exclusive holes lavish spots temple pool known central columns neptune pool features day beds chairs southwest exposed pools sun day named roman god wine exclusive pool square feet retreat day beds numerous lounge chairs forum shops known forum square foot shopping mall built extension wing main hotel casino mall spiral staircase consists spiral similar world mall contains famous fountain uses special effects feet animated figures tell story myth atlantis high end including highest grossing mall united_states higher sales square foot drive beverly_hills california mall square feet opening expanded square feet expansion began added square feet property forum shops property considered valuable real estate las_vegas interior original hotel tower rooms featured room wall fully mirrored floor ceiling hotel featured seat theatre restaurant public dining areas health clubs room convention hall people separate halls committee rooms people total marble imported italy brazil gold place hotel rooms towers convention facility square feet addition regular rooms offers living room dining room villa named notable romans amenities include tables satellite radio surround stereo systems villa encompassing square feet floor space include luxurious private swimming pools butler service villa theme including spanish villa greek palace villa decorated look like expensive paris apartment notwithstanding night high demand peak season number roman statues imported florence italy valued statues emperors particularly common palace variations including copies author notes contrast sober pious figure statue paired feet statue goddess statue david interior exact replica early 16th century masterpiece standing feet high weighing tons gambling facilities original casino hotel opened gaming tables slot machines contains black italian marble columns white marble gold leaf statues depict roman conquests women motifs prevalent centre flat ornate dome enormous shape roman crystals ceiling reportedly held world record time world largest crystal ceiling fixture cocktail wear uniform designed white shoulder mini high roman outset oriented attracting high like las_vegas attracts elite elite stop weekends hundreds thousands dollars disposal modern casino facilities include table games spanish poker square feet hour poker room currently lies heart gaming floor racing sports moved june pure nightclub underwent expansion annexed space december contains tables free charging ports large number traditional reel type slot machines video machine video poker games video participants play author noted combination darkness enclosure gambling room lit light outside space time loses track entertainment music international performers elton_john janet_jackson mariah carey performed hotel new venue known magical empire created property showcasing major jeff empire themed dining entertainment experience housed specially built building designed serve people daily interior entire complex decorated combination pseudo cave classic architecture faux rock work stone real marble floors closed november structure razed room large concert hall created singer seat entertainment venue square feet stage originally built cost million new day enormous success soon earning average night grossed million years venue hosted performances numerous artists performed special seven day concert october launch album titled announced formal replacement performing shows year elton_john continuing perform popular nights year hiatus taking year hiatus following returned year contract performing shows beginning president barack_obama performed night good fight alongside nevada senator election campaign streets closed tower blocked security precautions visit march returned new entitled contract shows year live premiered april hotel hosted played actor clown assistant portrayed actress contemporary circus described stage cinema uneasy cross terrific variety acts party experimental new breed variety explicitly erotic vibe mixes surreal comedy style foul performed outside feet diameter stage tent persons seated folding chairs stage pure nightclub opened lounge patterned vintage strip club club center stage dancers called girls clad began new dance half hour celebrities like paris christina_aguilera occasionally danced guest opened dolls casino directly casino gaming tables featured legs resemble woman leg high heels casino dealers wore custom designed costumes main attraction oval pit casino center dancers performed response music end february dolls left pure nightclub new lounge nightclub paris las_vegas nightclub latin sum things nightclub opened march replaces pure nightclub operated decade million expansion redesign incorporates square feet pure facility adjacent world poker tournament room create square feet space accommodate people designed club outfitted high tech theatrical lighting sound climate control systems extensive rigging aerial performers bars dance floor terrace views nightclub nightclub concept super performing stages special perform mini nightclub called heart performing included barge photographed replica houses bar lounge opened venue offers opportunity experience classic las_vegas members visited barge occasionally singing shows opens noon functions lounge nightclub cover charge resident worked barge performs barge saturdays days lounge renamed sport motor racing car race event held car park new race proved financial disaster popular drivers primarily desert heat counter clockwise direction tremendous strain drivers clinched world championship finishing fifth took minutes recover heat exhaustion race won race renewed following season poor attendance november hosted round boxing new_yorker writes dubbed home champions hosting decades events like boxing matches auto races tournaments championship boxing matches held late 1970s hosted fights january january october holmes june amateur fight march april seat arena hosted super fight boxing match bouts contested including november revenge match year later took title bouts including april october big time boxing returned palace jeff headlined card televised showtime palace new outdoor wrestling played host number professional wrestling events 1990s notable wwe april roman theme venue billed worlds largest party remains day wrestlemania particular theme held series events including january episode monday january ice hockey arena held interesting events summer pre season game laid parking lot held firm despite degree temperatures goal kings came deficit win crowd game served predecessor kings annual preseason game las_vegas began annual regular season game played outdoors new year day began restaurants english pub environment featuring casual dining sporting events aired state art satellite equipment cover restaurant opened december replacing restaurant chef said decision launch pub restaurant things missing strip great restaurant authentic pub excited offer different equally vibrant new restaurants guests enjoy approximately different served cuisine designed pair beer classic pub style dishes favored include fish chips mash english soup shepherd pie offerings including aged beef rib eye brick pressed chicken lamb bone scottish salmon featured desert spotted dog serves feast created team master open featuring items classic favorites order like prime rib cutting edge regional comfort food like breakfast red velvet wood fired chinese dim sum south_carolina shrimp seating restaurant features asian motif arranged round tables granting larger square tables large paper lamps images hang ceiling seating available main dining area bar couple high kitchen tables private dining area tables serve traditional combination menu dishes main kitchen addition chef signature dishes featuring black sauce rock shrimp menu variations dishes available restaurants exclusive list available old homestead old homestead west coast location new_york institution open years designed san_francisco architects interior architecture design reflect original roots new_york_city iconic spotted cow customers new_york replicated dark woods leather set seat dining room private dining area lounge bar space approximately square feet signature dishes new_york including rib dry aged empire cut prime rib featured raw bar assortment dishes include prime short rib wine sauce sides feature duck fat potatoes meat sauce sour cream mixed cheese bacon bits like bread chocolate cake chocolate chip baked cast iron restaurant wine bar bottles choose opened second branch restaurant new_york_city open new_york institution practically private club new_york_city available public owned cousins new_york establishment franchise food traditional italian fare reliably good fresh signature dishes include orange sized lighter air sauce lemon chicken cherry red pepper won television program restaurant venture outside new_york opened features bold southwestern cuisine serving lunch dinner menu includes shrimp corn sweet potato pork sauce variety duck dishes room covers main dining room additional seats private dining room entire space including kitchen area comprises square feet interior main dining room designed features reaching height feet opening menu restaurant continued updated following year anniversary opening restaurant explained hadn simply copied new_york based restaurant placed instead sought create sort las_vegas version concept featuring luxury items unusual combinations food feels expect opened fourth branch restaurant san_diego california austin texas march square feet dining area retro theme cowboy culture motifs reflected paintings designed signature dishes green eggs pork belly soft egg brown butter bone beer short rib shrimp restaurant stresses social dining atmosphere dishes meant shared located nightclub restaurant taking reservations weekends developing late night menu smaller portions including shrimp seating including private dining room bar beijing significant wealthy east asian casino attracts restaurant chinese serving authentic chinese cuisine bright interior contains direct lighting overhead metal cut white screen large filled led track lighting table lighting system won magazine authors wrote combining classic chinese peasant street food super cool design place looks like gigantic white transparent metal meant resemble inverted chinese lace cut pattern inside inverted bird nest symbolic chinese food fabulous especially imperial soup comes chef special beef 1950s style featuring ice cream portions extremely large ice cream themed restaurant branch establishment opened addition seating dining area counter seating views strip giant restaurant known triple cheese sandwich bacon cheese french mushrooms ice cream feature choice including sauce chocolate sauce hot sauce kisses butter sauce rainbow sauce etc options include golden holds expensive ice cream world jewel tower namesake star chef restaurant paris ranked finest dining establishments world approached open second restaurant initially said told wanted recreate paris quality cuisine request maintain quality restaurant limited service days week management agreed restaurant opened brought executive chef paris restaurant establishment managed son menu features signature dishes including black soup sea bass pan main courses chocolate served beans wine cellar features bottles select table restaurant united_states standards seat restaurant small understated keeping focus food flowers allowed staff permitted wear eliminate competition cuisine restaurant open wednesday sunday closed monday tuesday rated stars ranked best hotel restaurants voted restaurant year ranked restaurants direction chef encompasses shop chocolate shop restaurant serving breakfast lunch dinner interior seat designed hand crafted crystal blown glass leather installed feet high chocolate clock releases chocolate quarter hour signature dishes include madame chocolate french banana beef green sauce house chips mixed custom ordered away eat green area adjoining shop listed eating las essential restaurants madame named best las_vegas december celebrity chef open restaurant las_vegas gambling resort located forum shops arcade restaurant divided cafe facing shopping mall serving lighter lower cost dishes formal dining room rear direction executive chef menu changes daily seasonal american fare organic baby goat cheese style restaurant long lauded ribs central richard central richard hour restaurant situated hotel lobby addition bar featured indoor outdoor dining menu offerings varying time day established cost million build measured square feet size executive chef chosen james beard foundation award winning chef run kitchen executive chef restaurant previously operated location left december july restaurant filed bankruptcy protection restaurant closed late café café occupies premises central richard launched announcement mention hotel website partnership miami square feet restaurant bar hotel lobby open hours serves seven kinds pizza including pizza pork belly pulled pork smoked bacon house lightly sweet sauce octopus inspired pizza octopus cured olive oil meat cheese creation tomatoes hand cut short ribs whiskey fried egg diverse menu includes menu restaurant opened hotel december seat chinese fine dining establishment main room private rooms terrace seating occupies second floor hotel view garden gods pool area features living room style suspended sculpture design element beneath feet high ceiling food prepared native hong_kong served communal style pattern traditional family banquet person placing orders signature dishes include beijing duck fried popular culture location numerous films appeared films game town god devil ruined life hearts wild strip ocean step television appeared series family episode simpsons | Caesars Palace | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
21592_MamillaMall | mall mall known avenue shopping street open air mall jerusalem israel located northwest mall consists feet pedestrian called avenue lined stores restaurants office space upper floors mall sits atop multi story parking garage cars buses bus terminal designed developed mall incorporates 19th century buildings original original structures mall million mixed use development includes acres david village luxury project parking lot overall project approved municipality early 1970s completed 1990s construction mall delayed time opposition religious groups bureaucratic disputes litigation arbitration mall finally completed opened stages thirty seven years initial proposal location runs perpendicular street opens intersection king solomon king david northern end southern end history original extended street wealthy arabs constructed homes offices stores 1800s end 19th century especially british mandate era street fashionable commercial district arab jewish businessmen operated high end shops furniture art photography automobile response announcement arab stormed december setting fire jewish owned stores jewish merchants fled area came heavy bombardment arab israeli war cessation hostilities area man land dividing occupied truce signed 1950s poor immigrant families took occupancy derelict buildings workshops auto repair replaced stores jerusalem municipality proposed overhaul like area replace mixed use development luxury housing hotels shops mayor asked architects draw plan submitted scheme called construction subterranean traffic system ground buildings pedestrian parking cars bus terminal historic buildings demolished plan stated goal create living bridge connecting old city plan approved city aroused keen opposition religious groups response outcry city department town planning submitted scaled design calling ground traffic system pedestrian plaza gate retention king solomon streets demolition historic buildings heart valley incorporated suggestions new plan submitted opposition continued bodies 1970s city spent million families neighborhoods workshops relocated formed core nascent industrial zone london won original tender develop project pulled early 1990s development handed 1990s completed planned units david village complex construction mall delayed bureaucratic disputes litigation arbitration political intervention israeli government ministers government owned development firm went head head building rights responsibilities compensation 1990s changed approved plan covered arcades pedestrian open air arches adding square metres retail space pushed entertainment complex cinemas installed idea city vetoed years earlier following orthodox jewish protest cancelled cinema complex government refused approve changes sued construction mall years leaving half finished buildings construction cranes clear view august upheld earlier arbitration ordered pay project delays resumed construction opened mall stages bringing closure year project normally taken years room anchored north mall opened june architecture mall components designed israeli architect eye historical archaeological importance area opted blend mall surroundings introduce contemporary design end chose materials construction styles similar historic neighborhood masonry block construction arches removed 19th century buildings original placed new construction mall historic buildings integrated mall design structure built american living jerusalem building stands original site renovated architectural firm convent vincent paul operated order french housing old age home shelter mentally physically handicapped people structure erected street occupies original site private home leader lodged overnight visit jerusalem house shrine room slept given photos memorabilia life house heavily damaged war won suit save demolition story masonry block house originally located street dismantled brick brick years builders ready avenue left colored numbers brick preserved houses emphasize preservation nature work presently houses restaurant bar seven additional 19th century buildings dismantled reconstructed buildings avenue spaced irregularly placed continuous line open areas buildings accommodate different types public areas spaces afford views historic landmarks avenue tower david buildings lining avenue range height stories higher stories set street line story housing shops restaurants mall sits atop story parking garage space cars buses outside ground structure appears series built admit natural light parking level outside entrances parking garage stand city buses southern end opens small multi park facing retail contains square feet retail space stores appeal economic strata high end international chains israeli designer mid range restaurants supermarket style numerous chain stores selling gift stores gap store opened mall august chain store israel branches diversity retail establishments mall attracts wide cross section israeli residents tourists include secular religious jews christians muslims armenian monks young couples families students height summer tourist seasons july august estimated people visit mall daily exhibitions events appeal broad consumer base presents changing exhibits sculpture art pieces local artists sale summer jewish holidays mall hosts free concerts street performances folk dancing family activities lighting ceremony takes place nightly mall popular site flash including staged nonprofit organizations raise awareness activities attempted terror attack august bet uncovered plot members jerusalem bomb mall men employed maintenance workers mall | Mamilla Mall | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
21847_EntrancewaysatMainStreetatLamarckDriveandSmallwoodDrive | main street drive drive main street drive drive set residential subdivision stone built located main street new_york state route hamlet new_york town located markers representing american rural areas land development associated transportation edges urban developments pair stone posts flanking sides drive main street pair shaped shaped stone half walls flanking sides drive main street added national_register_of_historic_places december history developed mill erected town born time main street served main link buffalo main street displaced main western new york later adjacent railroads built street car system ran main street buffalo daily stage coach service began main street continued displaced electric track ran miles main bailey avenue route new_york east stops included main street drive drive early 20th century estate era gave way residential subdivision era subdivisions suburban buffalo took urban flavor area main paths migration began acres north main street october taylor began create lots south main street extending drive property location main street lane road running east west connecting interstate known points westward neighboring hamlet downtown buffalo located large residential surrounding houses 1920s built subdivisions junction heading west intersection adjacent main street intersection way light meets drive south drive north streets serve way traffic sit corners intersection architecture drive drive stones north main street dominant octagonal built pairs stained heavy timber columns supported quarry faced random half walls cut stone bases bases flank drive concrete parallel run centerline passes columns heavy timber open sides supported heavy timber form head arch structures topped pitched standing copper roofs located nearly stories street land grading depict flying birds drive gatehouse sides tall slightly tapered quarry faced random stone posts corners stone bases posts support flat cast capitals beneath wrought iron corners structures host original metal glass light fixtures hang metal drive post faces pair architectural influences drive drive stones south main street composed pair stone structures flanking drive stone grouping features tall capped stone post topped large cut metal sign posts flanking stone shaped half walls parallel drive half walls corresponding block shaped half walls shaped half walls jointly form square new concrete run drive design influences concert surrounding residences posts feet bases stand feet height half walls stand approximately feet structures quarry faced random limestone cut smooth finished stone base posts edges posts include randomly located brown colored granite blocks similar blocks half walls half walls recently installed rectangular cut finished stone rough cut edges protruding half walls octagonal pyramid smaller cast concrete courses slightly edges cap posts post faces original metal glass light fixtures hanging metal hooks hooks remain faces atop posts signs painted metal panels silhouette depictions metal signs feet length feet height match mirror west sign depicts native american domestic scene including trees camp fire figures carrying deer pole east sign depicts architecture christ located drive main street southeastern corner corners residential addresses legacy remain original location retain original design setting materials continue serve original functions marking pedestrian entrance subdivision eastern drive entrance provides shelter bus riders heading west downtown buffalo new_york residential dwellings adjacent entrances original setting known changes widening main street 1920s purchased land subdivisions marked construction fair condition despite light fixture changes repairs little known history builder circa shelter subdivision according known significant relatively rare structures associated transformation rural town residential suburban buffalo community known hamlet represent american rural areas land development associated transportation edges urban developments symbolic marketed character residential developments desirable residential alternative urban life added national_register_of_historic_places december | Entranceways at Main Street at Lamarck Drive and Smallwood Drive | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
21894_EdinburghPlaceFerryPier | edinburgh place ferry pier ferry pier chinese referred star ferry pier pier central hong_kong serving star ferry pier clock tower prominent waterfront landmark built height generation star ferry pier central located near city hall pier central hong_kong riots years later focus confrontation government wanted demolish pier allow ferry service pier suspended november moved piers central piers demolition commenced december completed early history entire waterfront generation pier situated created late 1950s following major land shoreline shifted position time level pier built height near city hall complex planned time star ferry pier designed local chinese architect born worked assistant architect designed façade pier chief architect added pier balanced practical turret clock installed pier marked quarter hour pier inauguration clock gift turn received prince belgium mechanism manufactured british company provided mechanical signature big ben london major bus terminus situated close thousands residents passed principal gateway daily inauguration travel harbour reduced flow passengers ferry shortest route daily average passenger trips harbour island routes public light buses connected destinations relocation plan relocate piers dates july proposed amendments draft extension outline plan covering central iii area published generation star ferry pier queen pier demolished hectares land directly fourth generation pier reclaimed way lane road low rise shopping centre cost estimated billion government said historical significance generation pier recognised promised recreate landmark new waterfront impact assessment recommended relocation star ferry pier approved demolition laser scanning technology digital recording structures applied capture dimensional images pier demolition following pier november demolition work started amidst protests demolition originally scheduled early demolition brought forward months december government ignored motion september urging retain pier clock tower demolition crew took control site december demolition commenced december workers took clock mechanism clock face leaving hole proceeded lift clock tower piece protesters dispersed remainder pier completely dismantled away publicity controversy scale phase central cut hectares fate piers sealed pier centre bitter struggle government opposed destruction harbour loss historical buildings prepared environmental impact assessment report central noted pier significant role hong_kong transport history government warned public backlash expected implications known pier especially clock tower visually important landmark hong_kong eye catching icon beautiful particularly tourists locals crossing ferry pier harbour possibly perform symbolic function pier removal star ferry pier piers leading destruction likely raise public objection dismay government maintained pier tower old classified historical people necessarily concerned building extent wrong activists mainly fighting preservation public place methods urban planning policies government perceived favour business interests public interest struggle preserve star ferry later queen pier occasion raise questions hong_kong history question democracy government strong public sentiment year old landmark collective memory hong_kong residents retrospective admission lacked legitimacy government spokesman conceded failed gain moral high ground loss convenience ferry passengers face trek reach new pier relocating new piers away estimated star ferry lose percent passengers harbour proposed relocation bus terminus acts ferry forecast reduce passenger numbers fifth loss totalling passengers translate revenue loss million star ferry architectural importance architects argued pier significant hong_kong remaining examples public building demolition culturally pier widely recognised local collective memory warned destruction hong_kong heritage saying mistake public opinion resulted alternatives forward preserve clock tower including moving proposed lane road relocating clock tower new pier memorial state clock reason cited government relocation turret clock tower expert feasibility study advised guarantee clock continue work relocation age obsolete components world longest operating firm arrived england december examine clock said firm restored far worse government promised rebuild clock complete original clock faces mechanism nearby location public sentiment public outcry anticipated report reality imminent threat demolition local community rallied save pier widespread media coverage weeks running cessation service pier thousands hong_kong residents arrived post banners messages support retention nostalgic visitors pier harbour crossing night november mark special occasion star ferry hosted ride pier closed ferries leaving pier stroke midnight eighteen willingly paid times normal fare ride proceeds designated charity protest movement november democratic_party harbour clear air earth care jointly met urge public fight preservation pier signatures collected day petition submitted chief executive senior officials addition group protesters began peaceful sit day veteran monk hunger strike star ferry fare increases triggered riots came lend support spurred start demolition afternoon december protesters started gathering spontaneously workers removed bell clock face tower leaving big hole activists including long hair rushed occupied demolition site chanting roof demanded meet secretary addition public legislators councillor pro government showed lend support demolition drew widespread condemnation public legislators claimed government action contrary wishes public members motions immediately halt demolition pending consultation government denied minute adequate consultation forged ahead demolition claimed objection known government proposed construct temporary road government consulted public demolition pier adjacent queen pier demolition pier government said consider memories citizens historic value building structure vowed fight queen pier number historical sites threatened similar fate end testament protests struck chord public ferry protesters voted person year group young cultural media activists formed core movement later influence social movements hong_kong mainland militant post 80s generation critical government business sided development approach hong_kong subordinate status china perceived lack democracy territory involved fight real political reform hong_kong link demonstration timeline august group local artists subsequently known society member started carrying shows setting installations premises star ferry pier attempt people awareness november pressure groups met pier collect petition signatures protesters began sit pier december demolition workers broke human chain peaceful protesters erected site december site occupied determined stop demolition december demolition resumed forcibly removed site police despite protesters remaining outside december people attended mark pier 49th anniversary activists broke police retake building protesters detained early hours morning december government vows tough protesters demolition carrying work overnight clock tower lifted piece taken site group students start hour sit hunger strike midnight hour represent year pier existence december people marched government headquarters demanding chief executive violent broke fight queen pier december legislators face demolition company selling remains suggestion clock tower demanded know whereabouts remains december newspapers published interviews witnesses claim seen old clock tower broken building waste harbour convicted criminal damage having canvas surrounding demolition works december ordered pay compensation | Edinburgh Place Ferry Pier | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
21998_NokomisLibrary | branch library serving area minneapolis minnesota libraries designed inc opened replacement nearby deemed crowded outdated library underwent renovation beginning saw gain number environmentally friendly features expansion square feet building reopened includes restored wind water original library refurbished july library contains computers public meeting room spanish language collection materials history newest branch added system previous hills community library completed built replace served area years inc design new library building modeled poem song additionally library named said poem making branch library system named fictional character library featured reading basement meeting room square feet construction began concluded year project utilized limestone produced local stone company responsible providing stone minneapolis stone arch bridge library opened september immediately doubled circulation old branch decreased budget led losing saturday operating hours members community subsequently funds keeping library open saturdays money budget continued saturday operation budget continued plague early point system temporarily close different branches loss local government aid merger approved systems boards reopened january remained building newly expanded library system named fictional character renovation issued report entitled outlook identifying changing needs system libraries crowded outdated report proposed options option proposed combining nearby square foot space closing roosevelt allowed library operate state art building location option recommended moving different site moving roosevelt new library square feet option included capital improvements replacing signs roof update report identified project start date closure reopening appropriated portion billion budget improvements million million project came city forward million environmental additions library features new building designed significant input citizen advisory committee hired general contractor old building day operation september time reported renovated library expected reopen fall year construction patrons encouraged use nearby libraries including roosevelt renovation included expanding size library square feet total size square feet new lighting system automatically based levels light building installed heating apparatus environmentally friendly interior features included constructed recycled fibers low flow management system native planting utilized building exterior library incorporated materials making difference old new exterior surfaces virtually indistinguishable teen section significantly expanded new ground floor meeting room built children section subject improvements gaining new nature inspired design elements including bird light fixtures collections updated expanded including purchasing new books dvds cds library finally reopened april closed months renovation wind water pre renovation featured hanging sculpture called hung fountain classified piece artwork similar mobile intended consisted individual components including small brass bronze yards lines piece designed built conceptual artist taught minnesota installation intended evoke nearby like referenced song closure renovation wind water taken library stored projects costing million subject program project budget dedicated selection purchase installation artwork space project recommendation art budget spent hiring polish clean protect entire installation aim returning initial appearance hanging near building entrance library west adult reading area ceremony celebrating return held july services open days week monday saturday library hosts computer renovation network building home publicly meeting room designed capacity persons holds spanish language collection including materials intended adults children teen gaming group meets weekly meeting room library square feet parking lot accessible 51st street patrons adults children checked total items library organization community members support library | Nokomis Library | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
22046_CentralPark(skyscraper) | skyscraper storey office tower perth western australia building measures base roof tip communications mast completion tower tallest building perth currently equal seventh tallest building australia tallest building western half australia approval tower controversial plot ratio concessions developers concessions enabled developers construct tower twice height site opposition council decision ignore town planning experts allowing large car park constructed underneath site building formed composite steel concrete frame setbacks profile meaning upper floors smaller area lower levels building setbacks help building reinforced concrete core strong winds prevalent area base building features small park tower named history department stores early 1930s site home department store known locals store extended way featured popular great areas window display island windows street frontage store changed department store purchase chain western australian operations late 1970s withdrawn western australian market site stood vacant decades landmark site later acquired joint venture partners value million planning approval planned million redevelopment acre site announced october plans included storey office tower underground car parking park extension hay street mall westwards alongside development demolition site started october time planned tower expanded slightly floors approval redevelopment controversial council town planning scheme imposed limit number parking bays central business district ensure city streets handle increased traffic levels coming extra parking scheme site entitled car parking bays developers sought approval car parking bays council planning experts said cause traffic king street waiting entry council wanted developers consider constructing road tunnel mounts bay road underground parking reduce traffic congestion tower developers agreed consider building pedestrian beneath final planning approval redevelopment ultimately passed council decision october discussion hours council planning concessions allow development car parking bays exceed plot ratio council allowed developers transfer storeys worth plot ratio park corner william hay streets gave bonuses storeys actually building park storeys public space quality development result half tower eventual floors came planning concessions argued approval redevelopment set dangerous precedent state planning minister said building big council granted extra parking bays developers time planning approval site owned corporation approved plans november construction contract awarded construction construction tower started firm project engineers building constructed method floor pre cast site simply dropped steel frame tower construction progressed pre cast floor units rectangular triangular supplied use largest contract awarded australian company construction principle extended tower arrived building site completely enclosed ready fixed position floor external services connected major structural work concluded installation communications mast tenants accounting firm moved offices followed tenants including december following structural completion tower public park early construction cost million completion building overtook tallest skyscraper perth city largest office tower combined floor area title taken building opened post construction completion regarded perth leading premium office towers years following opening faced sluggish office rental market experienced high vacancy rates years tower stated office retail space occupied floors major current tenants include miners law firm internet service provider occupies space building george logo installed tower removed mid mid logo installed sides tower september high winds heavy storm resulted canopy building led closure entrance safety precaution building owner subsequently initiated legal action tower builder tower played host annual climb race flights stairs roof event raised australia remained tallest building perth completion suspected overtaken height newly constructed city square originally expected metres tall design fourth largest stage plan architects surrounding commercial included building building design tower changed times prospect different planning concessions changed building ultimately constructed measures roof mechanical tip communications antenna tower composite steel concrete frame featuring pre stressed reinforced slip form concrete core tower setbacks time completion tallest core building australia core method sway building winds core tower use service core structure building number internal columns needed largest floors usable space millimetre diameter columns tower composite steel concrete permanent pre cast floor supported fire treated steel beams provided composite action topping profile building multiple setbacks provide variable floor areas cater needs different tenants plan tower based square triangular wings extending opposite sides building oriented best use relatively narrow frontage tower clad aluminium glass curtain walls building sheets glass cleaned twice year high winds months complete window washing circuit building clean exterior faces building window vertically kilometres noted opening advanced fully air conditioning uses data sensors floor regulate temperatures energy efficient way floors views kings park indian_ocean members public permitted observe building designated charity days podium building clad stone complement surrounding street decorated murals artist aluminium wall panels addition office space retail space basement car parking bays project completion site includes park leads intended focal point restored opposite hay street architects intended park act breathing space hard linear nature hay street mall park contains sunken seated areas raised areas fountain fountain large plaza area provides pedestrian variously described magnificent green strips city outside area river green lungs city backyard sized patch grass gallery | Central Park (skyscraper) | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
22467_TheatreRoyal,Bath | bath bath england built grade listed building described important surviving examples georgian theatre architecture capacity audience built replace funded decorated architect younger carrying work opened performance shakespeare hosted performances leading actors time including major fire destroyed interior building quickly followed rebuilding programme included construction current entrance undertaken extensive building work including new staircase installation electric lighting followed despite performances casts including theatre rarely profitable world war appeared shows including private lives spirit performance light entertainment aunt audiences declined theatre bought trust following public donations underwent refurbishment rebuilding stage installation new taller fly tower scenery lighting new seat theatre known opened restoration work main auditorium needed children theatre known egg opened complex includes bars restaurants host annual events including history construction theatre erected replacing obtained royal patent enabling use title theatre royal achieve outside london site church hall new theatre proposed sites bath current site chosen funding raised use investment plan named banker credited france combines features group lottery pays agreed sum fund receives members die shares participants value increases death member scheme wound shares cost rapidly purchased prince regent later bother prince frederick subscribers similar scheme previously construction exterior building arches ornaments visible square designed younger designed decorative sections interior main fabric building supervised construction ceiling decorated panels mile painted donated theatre potential damage gas lights installed paintings moved opening night october production unknown actor lead success theatre soon established good reputation management early performances included appearances child actors master betty adult leads prominent actors london stage including addition shakespeare drama productions included opera comedy playing clown november 1850s series changes ownership management coincided revival fall bath popularity reductions receipts compounded rising payments actors london result theatre underwent financial crises fell period decline fortunes began improve manager son law owner took manager theatre audiences began rise fire rebuilding april major fire destroyed interior building including stage scenery wardrobe library leaving exterior walls standing new company formed rebuild theatre competition held designs winner rebuilding included new entrance quickly followed present main entrance built previously house criticizes window frames door hood mentions wood citing typical mason architect remained manager employed play night dream opening night march initially reopened theatre struggled profitable despite appearances took followed son theatre attracted larger regular audiences performances melodrama comedy starting gilbert sullivan operas attractions 20th century theatre closed months enable extensive building work carried accordance terms royal charter involved new staircase installation electric lighting new fire curtain hot water auditorium anniversary opening theatre royal numerous william_shakespeare plays performed company actors led theatre worcester took lease responsible theatres country time appointed local manager performances maintained world war portrayed wounded male french soldier 1920s appearances russian great depression 1930s theatre profitable closed completely months lease taken family involved theatre years world war theatre fared better appearances prominent actors including receipts suffered audiences face competition cinema television unsuccessful proposals trust run theatre 1970s shares owning company bought property developer sold solicitor bristol clarke responsible building profits small sold ran london march dilapidated theatre purchased trust headed following year appeal launched raise money renovations including complete rebuilding stage installation steel grid hold stage lighting scenery higher fly system allow major touring companies including booked perform total projected cost million million seen essential reopening theatre money donations kind received city council historic buildings council south west individuals work building started designs insufficient funds raised complete work loans negotiated north central guarantees local councils theatre reopened november performance night dream featuring cast lead event attended refurbishment october refurbishment appeal launched royal patron raise money programme work preserve year old building ensuring remained suitable 21st century audiences refurbishment extensive programme work theatre saved virtual collapse years included expanded improved lift disabled access stalls royal circle levels complete refurbishment bars creation head pub auditorium technical improvements included rebuilding stage extensive lighting programme entire building new fire alarm systems air conditioning lighting designed improve building efficiency reduce carbon design architects bradley studios construction firm contracted complete building work successful campaign led writer novelist instrumental previous fund raising campaigns saw money raised donations sponsorship enabling work begin away public areas march theatre closed july allow work bars auditorium completed official opening took place wednesday september half months original campaign launched building work completed schedule ceremonial opening performed stage actors starring theatre royal production rivals classic restoration comedy set 18th century bath theatre won theatre said haunted ghosts including grey lady actress centuries ago seen watching productions grey lady box leaves distinctive scent seen recent years architecture features theatre neighbouring head public house grade listed building considered prime example georgian architecture oldest building head storey bay building basement roof door bust square building originally designed younger bays carrying comic tragic central door main entrance pit galleries east main entrance opens altered plain bay entrance addition round arched hiding original bays seat auditorium tiers ornate red decoration ceiling galleries plan supported cast iron pillars area current main entrance school pedestrian friendly shared space area pedestrians cars studio theatre built rear building street called named actor building decorated bronze winged figure designed son entitled hopefully seat auditorium originally space youth theatre small scale touring productions programme soon expanded encompass classical concerts stand comedy including high profile acts house productions accommodate technical needs productions refurbishment planned place improving backstage technical facilities bar auditorium studio opened february production breakfast starring studio led artistic director american season studio room play winner best new play theatre awards nominated tony awards nominated prestigious space daily_telegraph praised venue constantly bubbling awards ceremony received second consecutive nomination awards autumn presented spanish golden age season new translations rarely seen plays included tragedy punishment revenge romantic comedies lady little sense ran cast actors plays september december later transferred summer presented new comedy bad jews november year black comedy father starring plays gone huge national international success following years running continuously tours west end transfers culminating winning award best actor play awards ceremony egg new theatre opened theatre royal egg provides professional theatre productions children families alongside workshops youth theatre productions includes cafe venue children family events occasional teenage arts events restaurants theatre provides pre suite rooms rooms available functions licensed host weddings civil partnership ceremonies performances alongside weekly touring productions programme host annual events including held plays start theatre royal official opening london | Theatre Royal, Bath | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
22522_HaroldWashingtonCulturalCenter | washington cultural center performance facility located grand boulevard community area chicago illinois united_states named chicago african american mayor opened august years initial groundbreaking addition seat theatre center offers singer credit center cost million originally named changed telling considered neighborhood douglas community area limestone building located site historic black theatre subject controversy stemming construction phase marked delays cost financially disappointing start standards chronicled award winning investigative report center suffered use leading financial management difficulties loans voted november center use consolidated program native served years illinois legislature years united_states house_of_representatives elected mayor office washington earned law degree admitted practiced law chicago mayoral victory encouraged blacks country register vote marked end racial inequality chicago politics today center successful measures center received naming rights theatre years center opened center originally broken ground called accepted check aunt help fund raising efforts second ground breaking frustration completed withdrew distanced project insisted delays function insistence project use african american contractors original plan surrounding center finances center lost nearly twice money grossed year operations investigative reports outlook august june marked fiscal calendar year federal tax return revenues including government grants expenses totaled essentially million private donations construction fund raising phases despite small steady flow public money tobacco road inc non profit manager center property property profit calendar center originally meant education center entertainment center second success youth programming scarce performance calendar sparse result failed lure anticipated tourism neighborhood city takeover november committee voted invest million center control center primary holder outstanding debt time loan plan called having center run considered way protect city previous million investment pointed proper feedback time time finance difficulties included nursing school plan included consolidating performing arts programs center mayor noted center events year short booking obligations expected use center educational entertainment events history center located historical corner historical neighborhood intersection 47th street drive south_park time intersections american culture location theatre played host prominent icons african american music regularly corner provided fodder national gossip dreams black american youth neighborhood time city center black cultural business political life home famous musicians legendary blues artist features private corporate meetings rooms host workshops story equipped screens video center features center square feet statue measuring feet late mayor entrance corner 47th street lobby features story windows permitting natural lighting marble floors black white spiral staircase looks like winding piano keyboard center originally seat theatre art gallery museum space current theatre seat art performance facility served host internationally acclaimed artist events host community celebrations offers technology workshops free public main objective center foster environment provides children seniors community chicago south large hands technology driven experiences sponsored state art center offers wireless network mile radius center powered capability offer online concerts center computer center computer stations center serves seniors small business owners local youth pounds statue shows mayor washington looking authoritative business suit tie talking committee document right hand left sculpture biography washington political military academic record controversy outlook free weekly newspaper circulation reports chicago neighborhood won george award honors journalism investigative reports 3rd reports focus post construction controversies ignore construction delays cost despite controversies stand ethics reform senator barack_obama endorsed election early supporter management daughter executive director paid current members board include brother chicago musician long time friend chief staff campaign contributor financial contributor campaigns catering events center hosted scrutiny violating federal non profit tax law persons affiliated non profit group relatives profit non profit group senior management members board directors owns operates spoken word located directly north provide catering events potentially violation federal tax law events grand opening gala featured leading piece events hosted olympic champion celebration marking return united_states following winter olympics march addition july july day conference commemorating 40th anniversary held center attendees included delivered concluding lecture september honored daughters gala center building hosted concerts groups hosted birthday party mariah carey july center viewing memorial michael_jackson | Harold Washington Cultural Center | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
22595_FireStationNo.4(Pawtucket,RhodeIsland) | rhode_island historic fire station located broadway rhode_island queen anne style station built half story hip rectangular brick building brick wings bell tower constructed red brick sandstone trim sandstone windows building plaque bearing date construction fire station closed current cottage street opened interior building greatly modified accommodate offices meeting rooms time listing national register building fire station number added national_register_of_historic_places design constructed unknown architect southwest corner broadway street center neighborhood main block queen anne styled red brick half story hip cross facing broadway pair matching single story wings roofs project long sides building building small hip arched openings main entrance broadway facing sides constructed red brick pinkish mortar sandstone window station trim building detailed work ornate date plaque string course base main entrance plaque semi circular window round headed window northern northwest corner square drying bell tower round headed window station modified fire engine doors removed replaced modern garage doors roof crowned bell tower recently removed time nomination interior greatly altered conversion office meeting room space time national_register_of_historic_places nomination surviving details included queen anne staircase sunken panel doors interior greatly modified prevent listing historic register use replaced new located replacement reused program assisted adaptation late 1970s 1980s time nomination fire station office meeting space city agencies property community advocacy parish outreach social service assistance center significance significant example late 19th century queen distinguishing feature trim historically significant example maturation city boundary property listed lot includes surrounding area totaling acre added national_register_of_historic_places november | Fire Station No. 4 (Pawtucket, Rhode Island) | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
22675_BroadwayHollywoodBuilding | broadway hollywood building broadway hollywood building broadway building building hollywood district building situated monument area southwest corner intersection referred hollywood vine marking intersection hollywood boulevard vine street originally built referred main address hollywood boulevard address vine street broadway hollywood building contributing property national_register_of_historic_places historic district listed listed historic district contributing property individually registered historic property city los_angeles state california building neon sign considered notable historic broadway hollywood building built department store refurbished commercial office space current form residential decades hosted broadway building annex built west associated address hollywood boulevard residential building building units numerous famous owners details sources describe building story building building described story building hollywood boulevard national_register_of_historic_places nomination form atop story building story serves base metal neon sign says broadway hollywood original department store designed annex designed local architects originally built architecture style reinforced concrete brick upper stories street level include bulk detailing notable details include classical capitals result described effect repeated upper stories building capped heavy structure highly facade includes decorative stories styled columns situated projecting sources describe annex storeys nomination calls story international style addition noted banded windows simple exterior time nomination showcase windows altered according annex style characterized absence ornamentation emphasis smooth wall surfaces rounded corners flat roofs linear elements horizontal emphasis exterior element original structure annex ground level recognition building included national_register_of_historic_places historic district listed covers hollywood boulevard designated april building located area designated designated july building neon sign individually designated city monument september april building entire recognized status code designations respectively building covered mills act contract number case number history classical revival style building built local businessman company department store construction continued marked department store branch outside main downtown los_angeles central business district led similar large scale commercial developments outside downtown great depression consolidate operation original store broadway purchased year lease prime location million million dollars broadway hollywood building quickly found niche serving hollywood film finance industries demand high end products store profits able expand square feet retail space story modern annex designed built immediately west served tenant 1970s 1980s building office use building abandoned having vacant years renovation began convert story building adding floors annex july residents sued bar floor building noise pollution resulting relocation bar february current past owners building | Broadway Hollywood Building | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
22692_ParthenonFrieze | high relief marble sculpture created upper sculpted likely direction feet original feet survives percent rest known drawings attributed french artist thirteen years venetian bombardment ruined temple present majority london forming major largest proportion rest athens remainder fragments shared institutions casts found archive oxford construction life informs man directed projects supervision said charge owing friendship artists description term usually given creative influence building project claim evidence known work central role building programme attributed authorship consists figures animals meters length complete meter height projects forward maximum depth composed blocks average meters length depicting parallel files procession particular novelty carries expected temple judging existence east wall innovation introduced late building process replaced placed marble transported athens persistent question carved channel high served access sculptor finishing heads feet relief guide strip best evidence blocks carved wall additionally practical grounds easier sculptor sculpture place potentially edges information workshop estimates range basis style suggests grounds number necessary produce work time given finished metal detailing painted colour survives background blue judging comparison grave paint remnants possibly figures held objects rendered paint laurel hand drill holes found heads indicate bronze probably crowned gods system numbering blocks dates adolf work revised scheme light recent discoveries convention preserved blocks numbered roman figures arabic figures numbered left right direction procession north west south description narrative begins southwest corner procession appears divide separate files west procession instead preparatory stages participants figure marshal dressing followed men preparing horses figure suggested engaged enrollment knights ambiguous figure protesting owner rejected horse herald hand held lost trumpet way point marks beginning procession proper following ranks horsemen constitute divided lines ranks number attic tribes youths exception wear dress fur cap patterned high boots identified horse armed passenger south north passengers depicted taken represent participants ceremonial race found equestrian parade end following figures north south taken elders athens judging hair attribute distinguished age classical art figures raise right hand fist gesture suggestive pose associated olive branch older men chosen good looks competition drill holes exist branch inserted hands line musicians variant flute players water vessel carriers men girls mentioned literature animals altar cows north cows sheep south meant sacrifice presumably abbreviated form usually offered occasion rhythm cows files converge east encounter women carry instruments including wine case evidently handed marshal making girl groups problematic left right count figures group taken eponymous heroes gave names tribes proximity gods indicates importance selecting differently officials managed procession insufficient evidence determine interpretation correct seated gods taken taller figure arranged groups common forms ancient furniture exception backs turned culminating event procession figures children adults badly children left probably girls girls bear objects heads probably boy assists adult folding piece cloth usually understood presentation style defining monument style attic sculpture stands gradual eclipse severe style witnessed evolution style exemplified sources designer drew hard gauge certainly large scale narrative art familiar 5th century painting overall work design differences opposing sides suggested scholars possibility designer pattern influence greater nudity north south distribution figures greatly different east widely spaced west east north generally exhibit greater innovation evidence frequency greek artists seen collaborate led existence designers working sculpture admit possibility later designer comparing competing earlier explain changes composition period discovery expressive possibilities human body greater freedom poses gestures increased attention observed figures partially noticeable ease compared eye joints veins careful important innovation style use expression motion suggest body beneath archaic early classical sculpture clothing fell body curtain form horsemen multi women surface movement tension static poses variation horses particular interest scholars attempting artistic personalities far analysis conclusion interpretation description survives antiquity question meaning sculpture persistent unresolved published attempt interpretation belongs 15th century referred victories athens time orthodox view piece depicts greater procession gate stuart second volume athens subsequent interpretations largely built theory temple sculpture represent contemporary event mythological historical recent years alternative thesis depicts founding myth city athens instead festival emerged contention scene document festival problems later sources indicate number classes individual performed role procession present include allies league umbrella female male portrayed slaves ship suggest evidence accounted meant generic image religious festival problematic temple sculpture depicts contemporary event involving locating scene mythical historical time principal difficulty line inquiry suggested cavalry portray fell marathon riders took pre war greater support points number horsemen passengers comes number gives dead equally suggestive reference persian war similarity scholars noted sculpture variously democratic athens counter posing oriental aristocratic athens argument contention embodies manifesto cultural institutions contests witnessed sacrifices military training number democratic virtues recent scholarship pursuing vein site ideological tension elite demos aristocracy present merely reference tribes shield illustrate mythological past gods observing east natural reach mythological explanation ventured relief shows procession instituted mythical king explanation account absence allies ship post date original practice rite evidence offers future king presenting predecessor similar boy depiction recent interpretation identifies central scene east door focal point procession handing daughter preparation sacrifice life interpretation suggested text remains life demanded order save city gods turn backs prevent pollution sight death contentious subject field solution problem meaning poses problems answers influence earliest surviving works art exhibit traces influence belong media painting grave find echo motifs themes poses tenor direct imitation quotation begins pronounced example explicit copy attributed youth parking horse exactly manner figure paintings resemble cluster quote nearer end century giving evidence priority program accomplished painters found inspiration sculpture group especially late work later painters talent managed capture mood thoughtful procession example sacrifice apollo shares quiet dignity best high classical sculpture impact sought attic relief sculpture late 5th century resonance discovered degree public works imagery seated gods respectively likely owes debt traces found private commissions grave period example cat bears distinct similarity figures figure relief known roman copy later art roman eras looked inspiration attested pieces generation | Parthenon Frieze | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
22703_OregonPublicLibrary | oregon public library located oregon illinois united_states county seat building public library constructed prior oregon library housed different buildings designed house library library built grant wealthy philanthropist grant obtained oregon citizens voted change oregon library city library township library building completed library begin operation designed chicago architects pond pond ponds members eagle nest art colony founded association colony led design library design influenced colony combination architectural styles arts crafts movement completed library included second floor art gallery members eagle nest donated works permanent collection gallery collection includes paintings sculptures collection listed years later included contributing property historic district received designation history library building dates early 20th century intellectual outreach oregon started years oregon library organized building library building library books stored drug store county treasurer office eventually occupied rented office space building situation persisted oregon voters voiced collective opinion library future citizens oregon faced dilemma allow oregon library remain truly oregon city library referendum allow oregon library shift township library change allow library distinct advantage qualify library grant construction new building initially promised new library voters approved change grant increased grant aside requiring library hold township library status required site selected prior grant application process site corner oregon jefferson streets selected art gallery eagle nest influence library built members eagle nest art colony pushing new building include second story art gallery colony founded sculptor based flanking east bank overlooking oregon later philanthropy secretary laid strict requirements including requirements discouraged multiple uses libraries requirement stipulated approve library plans prior grant approval construction oregon library constructed requirements published includes gallery art colony populated chicago artists members university_of_chicago art department gathered escape summer heat chicago charter members art colony chicago architects allen designed building ponds association eagle nest art colony led design library building constructed grant approval use came october colony member exhibition paintings library proper begin providing services colony tried contribute area culture requiring members hold art shows lectures exhibitions early 20th century library complete began play role exhibitions pulitzer prize recipient literature spoke oregon library member eagle nest colony collections gallery second floor library building formally dedicated july date marked beginning library permanent collection started additions members eagle nest colony members donated statues oil paintings portraits permanent collection art gallery statues collection foot plaster study completed prepared create original site eagle nest colony entire permanent collection consists paintings sculptures eagle nest artists citizen left library collection contains collections addition substantial historical art collection held library gallery collection consists works local artists oregon resident donated artwork annual grand art regularly area residents donated pieces library holds contemporary works local artists architecture library designed eye late 19th century early 20th century movements architecture contains elements common architecture building creative style distinctly characteristic arts building designed chicago architectural firm pond pond constructed buff colored brick red brick belt accents contrast buff colored brick majority facade story brick basement approximately foot floor space building based classical architecture entirely classical building main entrance placement style windows nature arts crafts style simple noticeable lack ornamentation structure connects building closely arts crafts movement influence seen prominently building interior arts crafts specifically regarded movement architecture opposed blown style elements considered typical buildings designed style examples include dark heavy simple ornamentation contains functional elements associated movement dark found building gallery posts panel wooden interior door ceilings exposed wooden beams located interior large wooden floor clock built storage cabinet wooden fuse boxes evoke arts crafts movement building demonstrate elements architecture minimal concentrated entrance entrance hood stone stone relief work leading entrance seven concrete stairs entire entry facade temple style design library east wing stone capped modified buttresses elements demonstrates classical revival style significance added architectural educational significance building represents good example arts crafts movement architecture library satisfied requirements laid listing oregon commercial historic district listed national_register_of_historic_places included contributing property library building considered outstanding arts crafts buildings historic district boundaries | Oregon Public Library | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
22847_ClevedonPier | seaside pier town somerset england east shore described sir beautiful pier england designated grade listed building pier built 1860s attract tourists provide ferry port rail passengers pier long consists spans supported steel rails covered wooden pavilion pier head pier opened served point steamer exactly years spans collapsed stress testing demolition proposed local fund raising heritage grants allowed pier dismantled restoration reopened years later awarded pier year civic trust award pier offers landing stage popular attraction tourists location pier projects separates pier toll house entry fees collected adjacent originally known built shore mixture beaches low rocky cliffs old harbour western edge town mouth river rocky beach designated geological site special scientific interest fault runs east west adjacent pier forms small cliff feature north containing cream pink minerals identified site include secondary alteration produced copper nearest parking pier entrance rocky beach history construction victorian era popular seaside town having previously agricultural village improving transport links branch line able cater late 19th century bathing sea adjacent pier demolished foundations seen bathing machines main beach english seaside resorts built piers 1850s attract tourists tourism grew following opening branch line railway station connected bristol exeter line enabling travel rest country proposed pier form route london use cross enabling act submitted parliament november pier company formed public meeting town directors included sir construction pier started cost engineers architect erection iron pillars undertaken liverpool legs constructed rail previously south wales railway wood august pier built final section completed february engineering pier long high water spans long legs rails rails separates main support close deck forming transverse joining rail opposite leg pier longitudinal provided rails supporting piles cast iron diameter total approximately tons wrought iron highest tidal ranges world second eastern canada estuary funnel shape tidal range underlying geology rock gravel sand produce strong tidal streams high giving water notably brown tidal range means legs pier largely exposed low tide hidden high tide landing stage end pier levels allow boats dock stages tide opening operation pier officially opened march parade bands cannon volley somerset artillery number rail passengers crossing envisaged reduced opening tunnel linked west england south wales estuary steamer visited pier passengers sister ships belonging campbell provided ships fleet including regularly called companies including cardiff based edwards eventually taken visited pier head replaced cast iron new timber landing stage pier head pavilion completed pier adjacent royal pier hotel designed local architect washed away storm landing stage damaged storm replaced concrete landing stage pier continued flourish second world wars 1960s visited frequently campbell bristol queen regular visitors collapse october spans pier collapsed stress testing introduced 1950s requirement obtaining insurance cover tests involved placement tanks long wide deep filled depth created pressure kpa simulated required load agreed tanks span left place hours tanks total allowed spans tested simultaneously end hours tanks emptied dragged deck test spans spans passed problems load seventh span collapsed bringing eighth final span leaving pier head pavilion standing restoration pier preservation society formed started campaigning restoration pier district council applied permission demolish pier public following year ruled retained end pier taken ashore storage anticipation eventual restoration insufficient funds available complete restoration stage open exhibition centre major breakthrough came english_heritage granted million pounds restoration smaller sums funding bodies trust formed preservation society obtained year lease pier dismantled taken dock restoration reconstructed long campaign local people raise funds restoration supported sir described beautiful pier england pier eventually reopened funds raised sponsored small brass plaques names messages wooden benches recording donations reconstruction pier spans completed pier reopened great enthusiasm shut finally restored opened public result funding awarded title pier year won civic trust award pier designated grade listed building pier status brighton largely destroyed fire storms landing stage end pier summer season june september sister ship popular spot cafe shop toll house upper floor toll house art gallery different exhibition month pier open day year christmas day scenes film let starring filmed near pier pier featured promotional posters direction music video single filmed pier appeal launched raise million new visitor centre educational facility additional grants applied cover cost legs structure december announced pier received funding improve visitor centre | Clevedon Pier | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
22854_WellsFargoBuilding(Philadelphia) | philadelphia wells building originally skyscraper philadelphia pennsylvania united_states designed style architectural firm building erected story high rise listed national_register_of_historic_places building long regarded premier office space 1980s tenants leaving newer buildings west market street neighborhood extensive rehab work drawn new tenants largest tenant successor companies today foot limestone granite skyscraper features building shape fifth floor decorations include sculpture square feet marble seven mainly depicting early american coins street level facade relief figures building bronze doors decorated high relief panels depicting history commerce civilization history late 1920s numerous high rises constructed businesses commissioning new high rises result merger merger architects firm simon simon approached design new building designs complete end january general contractor engaged build site building broad street previously location yellow mansion known house construction began building opened june building premier office space center city serving home major law firms tenants steel concrete pen houses built building house air conditioning equipment july parent company sale subsidiary owns fidelity building neighboring building december year announced real estate investment company owned agreed buy million office building boom area businesses left fidelity building newer office space result building owners filed chapter bankruptcy protection year purchased company formed merger building original owners newark new_jersey took control building bought shortly taking union spent millions dollars facade interiors mechanical systems company controlled union fidelity building sale later year group investors bought building million square foot portion lower floors building sold subsidiary april sold remainder building million early 2000s building known building building largest tenant merging early decade negotiated lease set exploring potential new office space deal stay building neighboring building nearby south broad building building known bought branded area banks april marketed change having carrying philadelphia mayor ride wells building architecture story foot tall located avenue arts philadelphia building faces west south street north east building story building built owned owners buildings linked containing square feet measures feet inches feet inches built style building brick curtain wall limestone upper lower floors granite 2nd 3rd floors horizontally building divided parts stories level building base eighteen floors building shaft center distinctive features center feet east west sides building starting fourth floor building shape skyscraper section distinguished lower floors small setbacks street level arched line broad street central arch slightly larger indicate entrance main banking hall carved facade center arch building inside arches windows designed studios glass shades amber surrounded renaissance style border windows bronze doors high relief panels depicting history commerce civilization relief figures arches male figure hammer representing industry female figure representing center arch arch closest street decorated figures represent abundance arch nearer decorated painter sculptor represent art smaller carved flanking closest represent early american coins coin massachusetts coin connecticut closest represent american coin issued congress vermont depict sides medal depicting early coin vermont wells building interiors include banking hall featuring ton steel support skyscraper structure largest time construction square feet marble inside cream colored marble banking hall rear hall marble sculpture statue depicts semi nude male female representations day night hands clock symbolize statue framed marble window depicts scenes philadelphia history window depiction independence hall pictures showing treaty indians george_washington farewell address congress proclamation declaration independence drafting declaration independence printing office exhibiting united_states flag ride delaware border window contains portrait notable american revolution era added national_register_of_historic_places november skyscraper listed excellent example commercial architecture stands modern skyscraper design primary features phases skyscraper development reaching 1880s building characteristics system base shaft capital treatment skyscraper tower use setbacks tenants percent building skyscraper largest tenant second largest tenant law firm montgomery occupies square feet half floors firm signed year lease tenants include occupies square feet moved space hotel past tenants include law firms offices private eating club operate building called intended provide heart financial district removed noise activity street place businessmen atmosphere business associates opened closed museum lobby holds branch exhibits include telegraph equipment historic clothing currency popular culture featured film trading places starred | Wells Fargo Building (Philadelphia) | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
23135_RosendaleTheatre | story seat movie theater performance venue hamlet village town new_york building opened casino began showing films 1920s 1930s stage installed live acts casino eventually taken local government house town fire department tile rented building converted movie theater opened february screening film blood moon owned building outright mid-1950s time severe flood damaged theatre interior equipment replaced early years theatre showed different movies year making unpopular film distributors denied easy access run films theatre turned independent movies art films eventually began exhibiting live performances entire family helped run theatre wife sold tickets determined theatre movie selection sons grandson michael ran eventually managed day day operation business years continuous operation family decided sell theatre sell real estate developers preferred transfer property nonprofit formed late sole purpose buying preserving theatre group spent months raising funds payment building bulk money coming small individual donations held large grant provided theatre collective ran successful social networking campaign april transferred ownership property theatre collective august purchase theatre equipment upgrades including digital cinema history construction early use building constructed site occupied theatre shop erected 19th century service town cement mills delaware current story structure opened casino building doubled theater screening movies 1920s film following decade casino began exhibiting acts draw crowds raised stage installed live performances building eventually village property housed town fire house known hall building town fire department basketball court basketball extremely popular 1940s friday nights hall dance hall people square dance formal attire ownership tile bore strong resemblance filmmaker received permission rent building village mayor strongly desired movie theater opened casino room seat movie theater february critics venture wary claimed profitable theatre pronounced thee ate long sound closed months tickets sold cents apiece adults cents children film shown opening night western blood moon sons rocky worked theatre serving opening night eventually running theatre wife sold tickets held job theatre opening continued sell tickets work theatre decades requesting single theatre continued house town fire department time resident later recalled walking fire truck reach bathroom family owned building outright flooded filling theatre feet water destroying contents took loans received relief funds government rebuild new sound equipment installed pull handle machines machine added broke replaced movie theaters time generated profit selling concessions daring banning theatre seats paper bags disrupted quiet scenes trained operate theatre equipment employees union left work different theater kingston cost tickets half competing larger theaters annual attendance people years following opening theatre screen movie days double features twice week different movies shown year rapidly introducing removing movies circulation theatre unpopular film distributors forced wait film shown nearby kingston proved beneficial times theatre screened week won academy award best picture compensate lack run films theatre began showing independent films films local artists foreign art films longstanding patrons dissatisfied mainstream cinema generally receptive eclectic stuff avoiding run films weeks allowed theatre pay distributors lower percentage gross profits film stroke late 1990s continued work theatre wore suit work day including day death year grandson began help run theatre supported introduction live performances primary reason theatre began exhibiting art films grandmother remained power broker determined movies shown warned film poor quality continued work theatre death history theatre documented minute second film local teenagers attending screening theatre member audience announced birthday teens enrolled summer film camp seeking create documentary decided theatre subject filming took weeks wrapping august reporter described precious moment film got son car walked theatre doors weeks death documentary shown theatre 60th anniversary celebration time price tickets risen available bag drinks baked theatre served screening locations film festival theaters years resisting live entertainment theatre allowed stage platform rally october time event building years live performances commonplace theatre building suitable musical performances beginning autumn jazz performance preservation campaign unexpected november death prompted family sell business november real estate developer offered purchase theatre sought property private local group formed october purchase preserve theatre advised committee people included actors radio personality screenwriter author group planned raise total payment theatre march deadline raising december reaching december new_york state indicated support group january newsletter enjoyed theatre child urged hang vintage candy machine costs expressed desire sell theatre developers consisted friends family residents trusted maintain preserve theatre transfer ownership easier agreed continue operating theatre deal reached assist operation theatre sale late february raised needed reach total payment paying cost property remaining funds cover renovations building raised silent auction february people attended auction including congressman march approved nonprofit organization group managed raise half required payment deadline extended benefit march expected raise local newspaper speculated status benefit group financially new_york_times reporter feeling best small town pulse condition old downtown movie house speculated effort preserve theatre entered march hoping receive april competition created way distribute million fund super bowl ads contest sought provide funding community projects projects receiving votes receive grants april large institutions funding planned activities designed raise funds april series writing workshop music benefit online auction screening rare 1970s films activist house funding came individual donations roughly held total theatre place middle april attributed success contest use social networking services notably facebook group considered moving digital forthcoming grant replace existing expected cost late group won april competition waiting funds payment theatre initially planned june closing date sale pushed allow time deal mid june planned benefit actors perform based audience members stories experiences theatre ownership theatre collective july took mortgage theatre banks run years assumed ownership theatre august announcing intent kind movies theatre screened tenure group agreed continue exhibiting live acts continue participating film festival building add digital equipment second floors renovated offices space rehearsals performances secured new retractable screen october new windsor based entertainment supplier replace fixed screen obscured access theatre foot stage new screen opened stage feet allowing live acts screen replaced decade engineer performing maintenance months stereo surround sound speakers installed building december february added digital stage thrust digital programming new phone system group announced plans add concession stand additional power supply group intended ticket booth outside warm months late february helped secure state grant pay worth renovations building renovations included improvements ticket concession stands repairs theatre lighting system roof ceiling bathroom allow buy new wall restore building exterior march town began applying state grants restore buildings main street agency responsible distributing grants reported theatre eligible state funding help establish expand cultural business anchor key local efforts | Rosendale Theatre | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
23370_PhillipsExeterAcademyLibrary | phillips exeter academy library phillips exeter academy library exeter new_hampshire volumes levels shelf capacity volumes largest secondary school library world phillips exeter academy independent boarding school clear 1950s library existing building school initially hired architect proposed traditional design new building deciding instead construct library contemporary design school gave commission library received year award award recognizes architecture enduring significance given building year structured library concentric square rings outer ring built load bearing brick includes exterior walls library spaces immediately inside middle ring built reinforced concrete holds heavy book inner ring dramatic enormous circular openings walls reveal floors book history services library single small room member class remembered containing old history scarcely read late library rooms volumes davis library added campus space volumes major improvement atmosphere standards later generations locked students example librarian office located entrance maximize control entry decisions book selections library program hands male faculty committee instead female librarian armstrong librarian graduate degree library science moves open students solved problem real difficulty lack space library contained volumes point stored cardboard boxes lack shelf room years effort armstrong eventually succeeded bringing new library academy architect chosen design new library ready occupancy architectural historian acknowledged architectural significance photo book modern architecture essays november classes suspended day students faculty staff moved books library volumes time old new library librarian shortly new library occupied supervised transition new building new way operating library staff encouraged instructors regular faculty emphasis library patrons piano installed library began lectures concerts librarian faculty status oversaw staff seven graduate degrees library science thomas tenure library collection programming grew size appropriate small liberal arts college today library houses volumes levels shelf capacity volumes making largest secondary school library world library contains collection works alumni library building campus thanks armstrong supplied library sufficient space needed coming computer revolution library officially named class library honoring exeter eighth principal served choosing architect project build new larger library began progressed slowly years mid-1960s connor architectural firm designed libraries west_point chosen design new library drafted plans traditional architecture arrived new principal academy point found design unsatisfactory dismissed declaring intention hire best contemporary architect world design library school building committee tasked finding new architect influential members committee interested early stage interviewed prominent architects including prospects received boost son attended exeter called armstrong invited visit california recently built widespread acclaim awarded commission library november thought deeply proper design library having earlier submitted proposals new library expressed deep reverence books saying book important paid price book paid printing describing book offering said precious book light offering light privilege offering library tells offering building committee carefully considered wanted new library presented ideas unusually detailed document went drafts early designs included items eventually rejected roof garden exterior towers stairs open weather removed plans building committee reminded features practical new_england winters architecture library shape sides feet wide feet tall constructed concentric areas called words author beginning design process conceived types spaces buildings constructed different materials different scales buildings buildings outer area houses reading brick middle area contains heavy book reinforced concrete inner area library heating cooling needs supplied nearby dining hall built time library considered architectural significance exterior building committee document specified new library handsome inviting contemporary style accordingly building exterior relatively suitable small new_england town facade primarily brick teak wood panels windows marking location pair wooden bricks load bearing weight outer portion building carried bricks hidden steel frame calls fact viewer attention making brick piers noticeably thicker weight bear windows wider piers thinner said weight brick makes dance like fairy corners building cut allowing viewers outer parts building structure outer encyclopedia architects says perceived building enclosed plate walls emphasis structural form interrupted plates corner leaving gap library exeter new_hampshire classic example brick plate walls house library feet deep exterior walls row openings similar windows openings roof glass said drawn architecture based solid primitive masonry masses glass bottoms window like openings feet floor arcade follows perimeter building arcade circles building ground floor disliked idea building dominated entrance concealed main entrance library arcade original design called landscaping paved indicated entrance disrupting symmetry facade architectural historian said hidden entrance statement design begins periphery circle individual separate window interior circular double staircase built concrete faced visitor entry library stairs visitor enters dramatic central hall enormous circular openings reveal floors book massive concrete cross beams light entering windows author time style said comparisons experience entering exeter main space entering cathedral accidental clearly wanted students sense arrival succeeded worked architect said building temple temple science temple government exeter temple learning visible floor central hall layout library clear visitor goals academy building committee set central room feet high measured floor beginning roof structure feet wide dimensions approximate ratio known golden section studied ancient greeks considered ideal architectural ratio centuries circle square combined dramatically considered geometric units ancient roman architect noted human body fit shapes concept famously expressed combined circle square drawing specifications academy building committee called large number library placed near windows receive natural light point matched personal perfectly strongly preferred natural light known worked window refusing switch electric light days pair large window individual small window desk height sliding panel adjusting light placement spaces periphery product thinking began years earlier submitted proposals new library traditional arrangement completely separate library spaces books readers usually book periphery library reading rooms center instead felt reading spaces near books natural light essence library act taking book shelf walking steps window closer look man book goes light library begins way feet away electric light area associated levels book upper level structured book look inherent brick plate wall structure outer library helps create atmosphere felt appropriate library explaining proposal library example monastic library england explain desire find space construction system inherent support wall bearing masonry construction appealing structural order provide naturally spaces architectural interpretations architectural experts differ interpretations design example cross beams windows massive says appear structural far deeper necessary important role sunlight coming surrounding windows reflect thinks story asserting concrete shaped cross ceiling exeter library exaggerated dramatic effect goes sublime gesture concrete cross illuminated windows weight appears ready come crashing sense threat dissipated familiarity brick skin wood details similarly floated massive concrete structure sanctuary rochester designed years earlier issue extent deliberately introduced elements buildings atmosphere ruins spoke wrapping ruins buildings context project essay ruins rome argues followed practice buildings including library saying library new_hampshire won let building wants remain ruin walls don connect remain like hollow shell hand avoids interpretation entry wrote discussing arrangement exterior components wrote relationship daylight determining element solution formal desire create ruins critics suggested describes corners library phillips exeter saying device structural importance corner greatly reduced buildings like exeter library constructed reinforced concrete modern materials recognition gave library year award architecture enduring significance given building year issued stamp recognized library library ranked list america favorite architecture | Phillips Exeter Academy Library | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Buildings |
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