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seongil-dn

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seongil-dn_mteb-squad-with-paq_perc

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[ { "id": "corpus-103", "score": 0.6623901724815369, "text": "The success of its football team made Notre Dame a household name. The success of Note Dame reflected rising status of Irish Americans and Catholics in the 1920s. Catholics rallied up around the team and listen to the games on the radio, especially when it knocked off the schools that symbolized the Protestant establishment in America — Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Army. Yet this role as high-profile flagship institution of Catholicism made it an easy target of anti-Catholicism. The most remarkable episode of violence was the clash between Notre Dame students and the Ku Klux Klan in 1924. Nativism and anti-Catholicism, especially when directed towards immigrants, were cornerstones of the KKK's rhetoric, and Notre Dame was seen as a symbol of the threat posed by the Catholic Church. The Klan decided to have a week-long Klavern in South Bend. Clashes with the student body started on March 17, when students, aware of the anti-Catholic animosity, blocked the Klansmen from descending from their trains in the South Bend station and ripped the KKK clothes and regalia. On May 19 thousands of students massed downtown protesting the Klavern, and only the arrival of college president Fr. Matthew Walsh prevented any further clashes. The next day, football coach Knute Rockne spoke at a campus rally and implored the students to obey the college president and refrain from further violence. A few days later the Klavern broke up, but the hostility shown by the students was an omen and a contribution to the downfall of the KKK in Indiana." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3294498", "score": 0.6283907890319824, "text": "University of Notre Dame I/FBS football history. Rockne's offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme. The last game Rockne coached was on December 14, 1930, when he led a group of Notre Dame all-stars against the New York Giants in New York City. The success of Notre Dame reflected rising status of Irish Americans and Catholics in the 1920s. Catholics rallied around the team and listened to the games on the radio, especially when it defeated teams from schools that symbolized the Protestant establishment in America—Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Army. Its role as a high-profile flagship institution of", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-268748", "score": 0.6244308948516846, "text": "Catholic Church and politics in the United States Distrusting public schools dominated by Protestants, Catholics built their own network of parochial elementary schools (and, later, high schools), as well as colleges, and public funding for parochial schools was a controversial issue. As the Bennett Law episode in 1890 in Wisconsin demonstrated, Catholics were willing to cooperate politically with German Lutherans to protect their parochial schools. A distinct Catholic vote existed, however; in the late 19th century, 75% of Irish and German Catholics in America voted for Democratic presidential candidates. The Irish increasingly controlled the Democratic party machinery in major cities. Religious lines were sharply drawn in the North", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-310064", "score": 0.6236220002174377, "text": "are Baptists at 10.31%, with Methodists following behind at 4.97%. Presbyterians make up 2.13% of the city's religiously affiliated population, followed by Pentecostals and Lutherans. Another 8.57% are affiliated with other Christian faiths. 0.32% of religiously affiliated persons identified themselves as following Eastern religions, while 0.68% of the religiously affiliated population identified as Jewish, and 0.29% as Muslim. According to the nonpartisan and nonprofit Public Religion Research Institute's American Values Atlas, 22% of residents identify as religiously \"unaffiliated,\" consistent with the national average of 22.7%. Indianapolis is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Joseph W. Tobin, C.Ss.R.,", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-234", "score": 0.6226127743721008, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-235", "score": 0.6226127743721008, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-236", "score": 0.6226127743721008, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-237", "score": 0.6226127743721008, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-238", "score": 0.6226127743721008, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2824556", "score": 0.6218602061271667, "text": "by the same religious order are often referred to as \"sister colleges\" and enjoy a privileged relationship with one another. For example, the Jesuit Belvedere College and Clongowes Wood College are sister colleges. Sister college Harvard University and Yale University in the USA, and the University of Oxford, University of Cambridge and the University of Dublin in Britain and Ireland, have a tradition of pairing their respective residential colleges or Houses with one another. Colleges that are paired are referred to as sister colleges, and have a ceremonial and symbolic relationship to one another. Students at one college can often", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-180", "score": 0.6188520789146423, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-181", "score": 0.6188520789146423, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-182", "score": 0.6188520789146423, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-183", "score": 0.6188520789146423, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-184", "score": 0.6188520789146423, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-192", "score": 0.6182817220687866, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-193", "score": 0.6182817220687866, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-194", "score": 0.6182817220687866, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-190", "score": 0.6180336475372314, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-191", "score": 0.6180336475372314, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3056997", "score": 0.6154452562332153, "text": "Notre Dame graduates enroll in college programs. The school follows a traditional liberal arts curriculum of language arts, fine arts, mathematics, the sciences, foreign languages, philosophy and theology. Mental, physical and social growth are all a central part of the school's values and are incorporated into the students' education. While a Roman Catholic school, the student body is not exclusively Catholic, with a portion regularly coming from other faiths. The school's mission statement: Founded on Catholic values, Quincy Notre Dame High School educates lifelong learners for lives of service. Notre Dame High School is a member school in the Illinois", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-104", "score": 0.7097891569137573, "text": "The success of its football team made Notre Dame a household name. The success of Note Dame reflected rising status of Irish Americans and Catholics in the 1920s. Catholics rallied up around the team and listen to the games on the radio, especially when it knocked off the schools that symbolized the Protestant establishment in America — Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Army. Yet this role as high-profile flagship institution of Catholicism made it an easy target of anti-Catholicism. The most remarkable episode of violence was the clash between Notre Dame students and the Ku Klux Klan in 1924. Nativism and anti-Catholicism, especially when directed towards immigrants, were cornerstones of the KKK's rhetoric, and Notre Dame was seen as a symbol of the threat posed by the Catholic Church. The Klan decided to have a week-long Klavern in South Bend. Clashes with the student body started on March 17, when students, aware of the anti-Catholic animosity, blocked the Klansmen from descending from their trains in the South Bend station and ripped the KKK clothes and regalia. On May 19 thousands of students massed downtown protesting the Klavern, and only the arrival of college president Fr. Matthew Walsh prevented any further clashes. The next day, football coach Knute Rockne spoke at a campus rally and implored the students to obey the college president and refrain from further violence. A few days later the Klavern broke up, but the hostility shown by the students was an omen and a contribution to the downfall of the KKK in Indiana." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-202761", "score": 0.6258051991462708, "text": "Anti-Catholicism in the United States \"The Menace\", a weekly newspaper with a virulently anti-Catholic stance, was founded in 1911 and quickly reached a nationwide circulation of 1.5 million. Anti-Catholicism was widespread in the 1920s; anti-Catholics, including the Ku Klux Klan, believed that Catholicism was incompatible with democracy and that parochial schools encouraged separatism and kept Catholics from becoming loyal Americans. The Catholics responded to such prejudices by repeatedly asserting their rights as American citizens and by arguing that they, not the nativists (anti-Catholics), were true patriots since they believed in the right to freedom of religion. With the rapid growth of the second Ku Klux", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-314427", "score": 0.6258051991462708, "text": "Anti-Catholicism in the United States \"The Menace\", a weekly newspaper with a virulently anti-Catholic stance, was founded in 1911 and quickly reached a nationwide circulation of 1.5 million. Anti-Catholicism was widespread in the 1920s; anti-Catholics, including the Ku Klux Klan, believed that Catholicism was incompatible with democracy and that parochial schools encouraged separatism and kept Catholics from becoming loyal Americans. The Catholics responded to such prejudices by repeatedly asserting their rights as American citizens and by arguing that they, not the nativists (anti-Catholics), were true patriots since they believed in the right to freedom of religion. With the rapid growth of the second Ku Klux", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3267967", "score": 0.6191762685775757, "text": "1924 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 1924 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1924 college football season. Coached by Knute Rockne and featuring the \"Four Horsemen\" backfield of Harry Stuhldreher, Don Miller, Jim Crowley, and Elmer Layden, Notre Dame won all ten games, including a victory over Stanford in the Rose Bowl. The team was recognized as the consensus national champion, receiving retroactive national championship honors from the Berryman QPRS system, Billingsley Report, Boand System, Dickinson System, College Football Researchers Association, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, Poling", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-561610", "score": 0.6191374063491821, "text": "Notre Dame Fighting Irish is a matter of much debate and legend. One possibility is that the nickname is inherited from Irish immigrant soldiers who fought in the Civil War with the Union's Irish Brigade. Notre Dame's claim to the nickname would seem to come from the presence of Fr. William Corby, CSC, the third president of Notre Dame, who was at the Battle of Gettysburg. Fr. Corby served as chaplain of the Irish Brigade and granted general absolution to the troops in the midst of the battle. This is commemorated in the painting \"Absolution Under Fire,\" part of Notre Dame's permanent art collection.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1163516", "score": 0.6172908544540405, "text": "1924 college football season The 1924 NCAA football season was the year of the Four Horsemen as the Notre Dame team, coached by Knute Rockne, won all of its games, including the Rose Bowl, to be acclaimed as the best team in the nation. Notre Dame and Stanford were both unbeaten at season's end, with the Fighting Irish winning the Rose Bowl contest 27-10. The Penn Quakers were retroactively awarded a national championship by Parke H. Davis. Red Grange's Illinois team upset Michigan. The Illini were upset by Minnesota, which in turn was upset by Vanderbilt. Fred Russell's \"Fifty Years", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-192", "score": 0.6156487464904785, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-193", "score": 0.6156487464904785, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-194", "score": 0.6156487464904785, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-190", "score": 0.6156455278396606, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-191", "score": 0.6156455278396606, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3516509", "score": 0.6117531061172485, "text": "Four Horsemen (American football) The Four Horsemen of Notre Dame comprised a group of American football players at the University of Notre Dame under coach Knute Rockne. They were the backfield of Notre Dame's 1924 football team. The players that made up this group were Harry Stuhldreher, Don Miller, Jim Crowley, and Elmer Layden. In 1924, a nickname coined by sportswriter Grantland Rice and the actions of a student publicity aide transformed the Notre Dame backfield of Stuhldreher, Crowley, Miller, and Layden into one of the most noted groups of collegiate athletes in football history, the Four Horsemen of Notre", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-83", "score": 0.6058210134506226, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-84", "score": 0.6058210134506226, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-85", "score": 0.6058210134506226, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-86", "score": 0.6058210134506226, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-87", "score": 0.6058210134506226, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-234", "score": 0.5997103452682495, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-235", "score": 0.5997103452682495, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-236", "score": 0.5997103452682495, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-237", "score": 0.5997103452682495, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-105", "score": 0.6699187159538269, "text": "The success of its football team made Notre Dame a household name. The success of Note Dame reflected rising status of Irish Americans and Catholics in the 1920s. Catholics rallied up around the team and listen to the games on the radio, especially when it knocked off the schools that symbolized the Protestant establishment in America — Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Army. Yet this role as high-profile flagship institution of Catholicism made it an easy target of anti-Catholicism. The most remarkable episode of violence was the clash between Notre Dame students and the Ku Klux Klan in 1924. Nativism and anti-Catholicism, especially when directed towards immigrants, were cornerstones of the KKK's rhetoric, and Notre Dame was seen as a symbol of the threat posed by the Catholic Church. The Klan decided to have a week-long Klavern in South Bend. Clashes with the student body started on March 17, when students, aware of the anti-Catholic animosity, blocked the Klansmen from descending from their trains in the South Bend station and ripped the KKK clothes and regalia. On May 19 thousands of students massed downtown protesting the Klavern, and only the arrival of college president Fr. Matthew Walsh prevented any further clashes. The next day, football coach Knute Rockne spoke at a campus rally and implored the students to obey the college president and refrain from further violence. A few days later the Klavern broke up, but the hostility shown by the students was an omen and a contribution to the downfall of the KKK in Indiana." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-208736", "score": 0.6340587735176086, "text": "President's Commission on Campus Unrest On June 13, 1970, President Richard Nixon established the President's Commission on Campus unrest, which became known as the Scranton Commission after its chairman, former Pennsylvania governor William Scranton. Scranton was asked to study the dissent, disorder, and violence breaking out on college and university campuses, particularly the national student strike that was then going on. The student strike was both a general protest against the Vietnam War and a specific response to the American invasion of Cambodia and the killings of four students at Kent State University in Ohio. Other violent confrontations, such as", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-109287", "score": 0.6339901685714722, "text": "President's Commission on Campus Unrest On June 13, 1970, President Richard Nixon established the President's Commission on Campus unrest, which became known as the Scranton Commission after its chairman, former Pennsylvania governor William Scranton. Scranton was asked to study the dissent, disorder, and violence breaking out on college and university campuses, particularly the national student strike that was then going on. The student strike was both a general protest against the Vietnam War and a specific response to the American invasion of Cambodia and the killings of four students at Kent State University in Ohio. Other violent confrontations, such as", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3587792", "score": 0.6318873167037964, "text": "University of Notre Dame ever made to an American Catholic university. He also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of what Andrew Greeley calls a \"dramatic transformation.\" In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950,", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3888373", "score": 0.6242688298225403, "text": "E. Gordon Gee Elwood Gordon Gee (born February 2, 1944) is an American academic and is currently serving his second term as President of West Virginia University. He has served as the chief executive at several universities in the United States, previously serving at Ohio State University. Gee had been heading an Ohio State-based think tank following his retirement from Ohio State presidency on July 1, 2013. He retired in response to a series of controversies relating to comments he made, the last of which involved anti-Catholic comments allegedly made in jest about the University of Notre Dame. His resignation", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6203823089599609, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2620996", "score": 0.6176572442054749, "text": "History of the University of Michigan him. Hatcher's successor, Robben Wright Fleming—an experienced labor negotiator and former chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison—is credited by university historian Howard Peckham with preventing the campus from experiencing the violent outbreaks seen at other American universities. Low minority enrollment was also a cause of unrest. In March 1970, the Black Action Movement, an umbrella name for a coalition of student groups, sponsored a campus-wide strike to protest low minority enrollment and to build support for an African American Studies department. The strike included picket lines that prevented entrance to university buildings and was widely observed by students and faculty.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-133", "score": 0.6134788990020752, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-134", "score": 0.6134788990020752, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-135", "score": 0.6134788990020752, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-136", "score": 0.6134788990020752, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-137", "score": 0.6134788990020752, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2573374", "score": 0.6133107542991638, "text": "semester, former Marquette president Robert A. Wild returned to Marquette University as interim president following the resignation of his successor and 22nd president of Marquette, Scott Pilarz. Dr. Michael R. Lovell, the former chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, took over as president on July 1, 2014, following Wild's interim term. Lovell is the first layperson to serve as Marquette's president, as all previous presidents of the university were Catholic clergymen. On May 16, 1968, African-American students withdrew from Marquette University in a protest against what they called its “institutional racism.” The students demanded the immediate hiring of an African-American", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-426792", "score": 0.6120861172676086, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2533892", "score": 0.6119995713233948, "text": "has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains. LaFortune Student Center The LaFortune Student Center serves as the main student center at the University of Notre Dame. Built as Science Hall in 1883 under the direction of Fr. John Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1787802", "score": 0.6118810176849365, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1984026", "score": 0.6118810176849365, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3014525", "score": 0.6118810176849365, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-4045452", "score": 0.6118073463439941, "text": "Dartmouth College is often credited for having \"refounded Dartmouth\" and bringing it into national prestige. Presidents Ernest Fox Nichols (1909–16) and Ernest Martin Hopkins (1916–45) continued Tucker's trend of modernization, further improving campus facilities and introducing selective admissions in the 1920s. In 1945, Hopkins was subject to no small amount of controversy, as he openly admitted to Dartmouth's practice of using racial quotas to deny Jews entry into the university. John Sloan Dickey, serving as president from 1945 until 1970, strongly emphasized the liberal arts, particularly public policy and international relations. During World War II, Dartmouth was one of 131 colleges and", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1253805", "score": 0.6113783121109009, "text": "History of Duke University a whites-only school, in both students and faculty. That year, Duke desegregated when five black students, Mary Harris, Gene Kendall, Wilhelmina Reuben-Cooke, Cassandra Smith Rush, and Nathaniel White, enrolled at the university. The university currently has a scholarship named in their honor. Increased activism on campus during the 1960s sparked Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to speak to the university on the civil rights movement's progress on November 14, 1964. The overflow audience in Page Auditorium necessitated that organizers put the speech on loudspeakers to an outside crowd. Another memorable incident in Duke's history towards racial equality was The Silent", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3410803", "score": 0.611226499080658, "text": "resigned from his general officer's commission each time he flew, was a Warrant Officer in the air, and then reinstated as a Major General when the flight mission concluded. In practice, however, General Graham maintained his rank and insignia at all times. Henry V. Graham Henry Vance Graham (May 7, 1916 – March 21, 1999) was a Army general who protected black activists during the Civil Rights Movement. He is most famous for asking Alabama Governor George Wallace to step aside and permit black students to register for classes at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa in 1963 during the", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-106", "score": 0.6712703108787537, "text": "The success of its football team made Notre Dame a household name. The success of Note Dame reflected rising status of Irish Americans and Catholics in the 1920s. Catholics rallied up around the team and listen to the games on the radio, especially when it knocked off the schools that symbolized the Protestant establishment in America — Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Army. Yet this role as high-profile flagship institution of Catholicism made it an easy target of anti-Catholicism. The most remarkable episode of violence was the clash between Notre Dame students and the Ku Klux Klan in 1924. Nativism and anti-Catholicism, especially when directed towards immigrants, were cornerstones of the KKK's rhetoric, and Notre Dame was seen as a symbol of the threat posed by the Catholic Church. The Klan decided to have a week-long Klavern in South Bend. Clashes with the student body started on March 17, when students, aware of the anti-Catholic animosity, blocked the Klansmen from descending from their trains in the South Bend station and ripped the KKK clothes and regalia. On May 19 thousands of students massed downtown protesting the Klavern, and only the arrival of college president Fr. Matthew Walsh prevented any further clashes. The next day, football coach Knute Rockne spoke at a campus rally and implored the students to obey the college president and refrain from further violence. A few days later the Klavern broke up, but the hostility shown by the students was an omen and a contribution to the downfall of the KKK in Indiana." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3432341", "score": 0.6364309191703796, "text": "power it held during the 1920s. Indiana Klan The Indiana Klan was a branch of the Ku Klux Klan, a secret society in the United States that organized in 1915 to affect public affairs on issues of Prohibition, education, political corruption, and morality. It was strongly white supremacist, as well as anti-Semitic and anti-Catholic. It also opposed immigration from southern and eastern Europe, which was sharply reduced by a new law in 1923. In Indiana, the Klan generally did not practice overt violence but used intimidation in certain cases, whereas nationally the organization practiced political acts against minority ethnic and", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3593354", "score": 0.6179219484329224, "text": "The Klan also moved north into Canada, especially Saskatchewan, where it opposed Catholics. In Indiana, members were American-born, white Protestants and covered a wide range of incomes and social levels. The Indiana Klan was perhaps the most prominent Ku Klux Klan in the nation. It claimed more than 30% of white male Hoosiers as members. In 1924 it supported Republican Edward Jackson in his successful campaign for governor. Catholic and liberal Democrats—who were strongest in northeastern cities—decided to make the Klan an issue at the 1924 Democratic National Convention in New York City. Their delegates proposed a resolution indirectly attacking", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-165490", "score": 0.6175006031990051, "text": "Nadir of American race relations to justify racial segregation and second-class citizenship for blacks. Numerous blacks had voted for Democrat Woodrow Wilson in the 1912 election, based on his promise to work for them. Instead, he introduced the re-segregation of government workplaces and employment in some agencies. The first feature length-film, \"The Birth of a Nation\" (1915), which celebrated the rise of the first Ku Klux Klan, was viewed by President Wilson at the White House. \"The Birth of a Nation\" helped popularize the second incarnation of the Ku Klux Klan, which gained its greatest power and influence in the mid-1920s. In 1924, the Klan", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3465635", "score": 0.6168845295906067, "text": "successful or lasting vehicle for the coordination of activity by the myriad of mainstream black organizations, with momentum dissipating almost immediately after the close of the Chicago gathering. Negro Sanhedrin The Negro Sanhedrin was a national \"All-Race Conference\" held in the American city of Chicago, Illinois, from February 11 to 15, 1924. The gathering was attended by 250 delegates representing 61 trade unions, civic groups, and fraternal organizations in a short-lived attempt to forge a national program protecting the legal rights of African-American tenant farmers and wage workers and extending the scope of civil rights. The idea for a national", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-241157", "score": 0.6167774200439453, "text": "\"lacking in virtue\". The second wave began in the early 1920s. In 1923, the Women of the Ku Klux Klan was formed as an auxiliary group of the Ku Klux Klan with its capitol in Little Rock, Arkansas. Approximately 500,000 women joined the WKKK during this period of time. Like the Klan, they were anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant, and anti-black. Although they were not as violent as their male counterparts, the KKK, they sometimes resorted to violent tactics. Similar to the original Klan, the Women of the Ku Klux Klan published their own creed, or \"Kreed\", in 1927 that outlined the", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-4002108", "score": 0.6139541864395142, "text": "Cross burning Cross burning or cross lighting is a practice associated with the Ku Klux Klan, although the historical practice long predates the Klan's inception–as far back as Peter of Bruys (1117–1131), who burned crosses in protest at the veneration of crosses. In the early 20th century, the Klan burned crosses on hillsides or as a means of intimidating people they saw as targets. In Scotland, the fiery cross, known as the , was used as a declaration of war. The sight of it commanded all clan members to rally to the defence of the area. On other occasions, a", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-660761", "score": 0.6108781695365906, "text": "Chicago race riot of 1919 in Chicago, the city sending its first African-American representative to the state legislature in 1876. However, the black population in 1900 was only about 1 percent, while it expanded dramatically in the early years of the century. Most Irish Americans and African Americans competed for low-end jobs, causing tension between the groups. By 1910, thousands of African Americans were moving from the South to Chicago, as a major destination in the Great Migration to northern and midwestern cities, fleeing lynchings, segregation and disenfranchisement in the Deep South. The revived Ku Klux Klan committed 64 lynchings in 1918 and 83 in", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-3568098", "score": 0.6097884178161621, "text": "Christian terrorism Klan was formed in Georgia, during a period of xenophobia and anti-Catholicism. This version of the Klan vastly expanded both its geographical reach and its list of targets over those of the original Klan. Vehemently anti-Catholic, the 1915 Klan had an explicitly Protestant Christian terrorist ideology, basing their beliefs in part on a \"religious foundation\" in Protestant Christianity and targeting Jews, Catholics, and other social or ethnic minorities, as well as \"immoral\" practices such as adultery, bad debtors, gambling, and drinking alcohol. The goals of the KKK included, from an early time onward, an intent to \"reestablish Protestant Christian values", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1753294", "score": 0.6095809936523438, "text": "Ku Klux Klan groups on most college campuses in Louisiana as well as at Vanderbilt University, the University of Georgia, the University of Mississippi, the University of Akron, and the University of Southern California. On November 3, 1979, five communist protesters were killed by KKK and American Nazi Party members in Greensboro, North Carolina in what is known as the Greensboro massacre. The Communist Workers Party had sponsored a rally against the Klan in an effort to organize predominantly black industrial workers in the area. Klan members drove up with arms in their car trunks, and attacked marchers. Jerry Thompson, a newspaper reporter", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2160043", "score": 0.6095809936523438, "text": "Ku Klux Klan groups on most college campuses in Louisiana as well as at Vanderbilt University, the University of Georgia, the University of Mississippi, the University of Akron, and the University of Southern California. On November 3, 1979, five communist protesters were killed by KKK and American Nazi Party members in Greensboro, North Carolina in what is known as the Greensboro massacre. The Communist Workers Party had sponsored a rally against the Klan in an effort to organize predominantly black industrial workers in the area. Klan members drove up with arms in their car trunks, and attacked marchers. Jerry Thompson, a newspaper reporter", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3149855", "score": 0.6095498204231262, "text": "Christian terrorism Klan was formed in Georgia, during a period of xenophobia and anti-Catholicism. This version of the Klan vastly expanded both its geographical reach and its list of targets over those of the original Klan. Vehemently anti-Catholic, the 1915 Klan had an explicitly Protestant Christian terrorist ideology, basing their beliefs in part on a \"religious foundation\" in Protestant Christianity and targeting Jews, Catholics, and other social or ethnic minorities, as well as \"immoral\" practices such as adultery, bad debtors, gambling, and drinking alcohol. The goals of the KKK included, from an early time onward, an intent to \"reestablish Protestant Christian values", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3359025", "score": 0.6088697910308838, "text": "unconstitutional, because it \"presumes\" the \"intent [is] to intimidate.\" Cross burning Cross burning or cross lighting is a practice associated with the Ku Klux Klan, although the historical practice long predates the Klan's inception–as far back as Peter of Bruys (1117–1131), who burned crosses in protest at the veneration of crosses. In the early 20th century, the Klan burned crosses on hillsides or as a means of intimidating people they saw as targets. In Scotland, the fiery cross, known as the , was used as a declaration of war. The sight of it commanded all clan members to rally to", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1230323", "score": 0.6069029569625854, "text": "processing plant. In 1999, the city council of Charleston, South Carolina passed a resolution declaring the Klan a terrorist organization. In 2004, a professor at the University of Louisville began a campaign to have the Klan declared a terrorist organization in order to ban it from campus. Six Confederate veterans from Pulaski, Tennessee created the original Ku Klux Klan on December 24, 1865, during the Reconstruction of the South after the Civil War. The name was formed by combining the Greek ' (\"κύκλος\", \"circle\") with \"clan\". The group was known for a short time as the \"Kuklux Clan\". The Ku", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-382497", "score": 0.6053915023803711, "text": "U.S. Klans Davidson resigned on February 18, 1961, founding his own group, Invisible Empire, United Klans, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan of America, Inc. He was joined by Georgia Grand Dragon Calvin Craig and klaverns in Georgia and Alabama. Davidson's commitment to non-violence and condemnation of the violence during the integration of the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, in which Calvin Craig was personally involved, led to his second resignation as Imperial Wizard on April 1, and he was succeeded by Craig. The Invisible Empire, United Klans, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan of America, Inc merged with Shelton's Alabama", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-56889", "score": 0.6044684052467346, "text": "During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, \"personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman.\"", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-56890", "score": 0.6044684052467346, "text": "During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, \"personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman.\"", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-56891", "score": 0.6044684052467346, "text": "During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, \"personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman.\"", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-56892", "score": 0.6044684052467346, "text": "During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, \"personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman.\"", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-103101", "score": 0.6031769514083862, "text": "projects. Eric Foner reports: The Ku Klux Klan was a secret organization of whites that resisted what they saw as the excesses of Reconstruction. They sometimes terrorized and even assassinated Union League leadership. Founder Nathan Bedford Forrest grew uneasy about the group’s tendency to lawlessness, and disbanded it in the late 1860’s. After the Civil War, members of the Union League Club of New York broadened their support of other philanthropic purposes. For instance, they helped to found the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and funded construction of the Statue of Liberty's pedestal and Grant's Tomb. Some former Union League buildings", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2838703", "score": 0.6031769514083862, "text": "projects. Eric Foner reports: The Ku Klux Klan was a secret organization of whites that resisted what they saw as the excesses of Reconstruction. They sometimes terrorized and even assassinated Union League leadership. Founder Nathan Bedford Forrest grew uneasy about the group’s tendency to lawlessness, and disbanded it in the late 1860’s. After the Civil War, members of the Union League Club of New York broadened their support of other philanthropic purposes. For instance, they helped to found the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and funded construction of the Statue of Liberty's pedestal and Grant's Tomb. Some former Union League buildings", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-107", "score": 0.728162407875061, "text": "The success of its football team made Notre Dame a household name. The success of Note Dame reflected rising status of Irish Americans and Catholics in the 1920s. Catholics rallied up around the team and listen to the games on the radio, especially when it knocked off the schools that symbolized the Protestant establishment in America — Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and Army. Yet this role as high-profile flagship institution of Catholicism made it an easy target of anti-Catholicism. The most remarkable episode of violence was the clash between Notre Dame students and the Ku Klux Klan in 1924. Nativism and anti-Catholicism, especially when directed towards immigrants, were cornerstones of the KKK's rhetoric, and Notre Dame was seen as a symbol of the threat posed by the Catholic Church. The Klan decided to have a week-long Klavern in South Bend. Clashes with the student body started on March 17, when students, aware of the anti-Catholic animosity, blocked the Klansmen from descending from their trains in the South Bend station and ripped the KKK clothes and regalia. On May 19 thousands of students massed downtown protesting the Klavern, and only the arrival of college president Fr. Matthew Walsh prevented any further clashes. The next day, football coach Knute Rockne spoke at a campus rally and implored the students to obey the college president and refrain from further violence. A few days later the Klavern broke up, but the hostility shown by the students was an omen and a contribution to the downfall of the KKK in Indiana." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1753294", "score": 0.6906720995903015, "text": "Ku Klux Klan groups on most college campuses in Louisiana as well as at Vanderbilt University, the University of Georgia, the University of Mississippi, the University of Akron, and the University of Southern California. On November 3, 1979, five communist protesters were killed by KKK and American Nazi Party members in Greensboro, North Carolina in what is known as the Greensboro massacre. The Communist Workers Party had sponsored a rally against the Klan in an effort to organize predominantly black industrial workers in the area. Klan members drove up with arms in their car trunks, and attacked marchers. Jerry Thompson, a newspaper reporter", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2160043", "score": 0.6906720995903015, "text": "Ku Klux Klan groups on most college campuses in Louisiana as well as at Vanderbilt University, the University of Georgia, the University of Mississippi, the University of Akron, and the University of Southern California. On November 3, 1979, five communist protesters were killed by KKK and American Nazi Party members in Greensboro, North Carolina in what is known as the Greensboro massacre. The Communist Workers Party had sponsored a rally against the Klan in an effort to organize predominantly black industrial workers in the area. Klan members drove up with arms in their car trunks, and attacked marchers. Jerry Thompson, a newspaper reporter", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3094341", "score": 0.6435694694519043, "text": "Notre Dame High School (New Jersey) Hawaiian / Pacific Islander and 1.9% two or more races. Built in 1957, Notre Dame High School is located in Lawrenceville, near Princeton University, Rider University, The College of New Jersey, The Lawrenceville School, and Hun School of Princeton. The Catholic Diocese of Trenton also neighbors the school. The main building itself is square in shape, housing classrooms on two floors. Its mascot is the \"Irish\", usually displayed on athletic wear as a shamrock affixed to \"ND\". The current president is Mary Liz Ivins, accompanied by principal Joanna Barlow, senior vice president Maggie Kelly, vice president Donna Grabowski, assistant principals", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3435760", "score": 0.6435694694519043, "text": "Notre Dame High School (New Jersey) Hawaiian / Pacific Islander and 1.9% two or more races. Built in 1957, Notre Dame High School is located in Lawrenceville, near Princeton University, Rider University, The College of New Jersey, The Lawrenceville School, and Hun School of Princeton. The Catholic Diocese of Trenton also neighbors the school. The main building itself is square in shape, housing classrooms on two floors. Its mascot is the \"Irish\", usually displayed on athletic wear as a shamrock affixed to \"ND\". The current president is Mary Liz Ivins, accompanied by principal Joanna Barlow, senior vice president Maggie Kelly, vice president Donna Grabowski, assistant principals", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6430433392524719, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-704427", "score": 0.6427667140960693, "text": "Ku Klux Klan industrializing cities such as Detroit and Chicago, the Klan grew rapidly in the Midwest. The Klan also grew in booming Southern cities such as Dallas and Houston. In the medium-size industrial city of Worcester, Massachusetts in the 1920s, the Klan ascended to power quickly but declined as a result of opposition from the Catholic Church. There was no violence and the local newspaper ridiculed Klansmen as \"night-shirt knights\". Half of the members were Swedish Americans, including some first-generation immigrants. The ethnic and religious conflicts among more recent immigrants contributed to the rise of the Klan in the city. Swedish Protestants", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2436548", "score": 0.6427667140960693, "text": "Ku Klux Klan industrializing cities such as Detroit and Chicago, the Klan grew rapidly in the Midwest. The Klan also grew in booming Southern cities such as Dallas and Houston. In the medium-size industrial city of Worcester, Massachusetts in the 1920s, the Klan ascended to power quickly but declined as a result of opposition from the Catholic Church. There was no violence and the local newspaper ridiculed Klansmen as \"night-shirt knights\". Half of the members were Swedish Americans, including some first-generation immigrants. The ethnic and religious conflicts among more recent immigrants contributed to the rise of the Klan in the city. Swedish Protestants", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1297915", "score": 0.6380237340927124, "text": "Olivia Hooker at Fordham University. Hooker was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma, to Samuel Hooker and Anita Hooker (née Stigger). During the Tulsa race riots of 1921, Ku Klux Klan members ransacked her home while she hid under a table with her three siblings. She later was a founder of the Tulsa Race Riot Commission in hopes of demanding reparations for the riot's survivors. In 2003, she was among survivors of the riot to file an unsuccessful federal lawsuit seeking reparations. After the riots, her family moved to Columbus, Ohio, where she earned her Bachelor of Arts in 1937 from The Ohio State", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-83", "score": 0.6356638669967651, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-84", "score": 0.6356638669967651, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-85", "score": 0.6356638669967651, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-86", "score": 0.6356638669967651, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-87", "score": 0.6356638669967651, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-307112", "score": 0.634873628616333, "text": "Xavier University of Louisiana Sisters remain a vital presence on campus, providing much-needed staffing and some financial assistance, but today Xavier is governed by a multicultural Board of Trustees. In 1987, Pope John Paul II addressed the presidents of all U.S. Catholic colleges from the courtyard of the Xavier administration building. Norman C. Francis retired in 2015, after 47 years as president of the university. In May 1961, the civil rights activist group known as the Freedom Riders arrived in New Orleans by plane after bus drivers in Alabama refused to take them to Montgomery, Alabama. Locals, aware of the fire bombings and other", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-382497", "score": 0.634110689163208, "text": "U.S. Klans Davidson resigned on February 18, 1961, founding his own group, Invisible Empire, United Klans, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan of America, Inc. He was joined by Georgia Grand Dragon Calvin Craig and klaverns in Georgia and Alabama. Davidson's commitment to non-violence and condemnation of the violence during the integration of the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, in which Calvin Craig was personally involved, led to his second resignation as Imperial Wizard on April 1, and he was succeeded by Craig. The Invisible Empire, United Klans, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan of America, Inc merged with Shelton's Alabama", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2533892", "score": 0.6327812671661377, "text": "has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains. LaFortune Student Center The LaFortune Student Center serves as the main student center at the University of Notre Dame. Built as Science Hall in 1883 under the direction of Fr. John Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-980273", "score": 0.6303614377975464, "text": "White Anglo-Saxon Protestant Northwestern University, and University of Chicago. In the Detroit area, WASPs dominated the wealth that came from the huge industrial capacity of the automotive industry. After the 1967 Detroit riot, they tended to congregate in the Grosse Pointe suburbs. In Chicago, they are present in the North Shore suburbs, the Barrington area in the northwest suburbs, and Oak Park and DuPage County in the western suburbs. Some of the WASPs Protestant denominations have the highest proportion of graduate and post-graduate degrees of any other denomination in the United States, such as the Episcopal Church (76%), the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (64%),", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1251724", "score": 0.629496693611145, "text": "Greenwood, Tulsa violence there were more than a dozen black American churches and many Christian youth organizations and religious societies. In northeastern Oklahoma, as elsewhere in America, the prosperity of minorities emerged amidst racial and political tension. The Ku Klux Klan made its first major appearance in Oklahoma shortly before one of the worst race riots in history. It is estimated that there were about 3,200 members of the Klan in Tulsa in 1921. Around the start of the 20th century O.W. Gurley, a wealthy black land-owner from Arkansas, traversed the United States to participate in the Oklahoma Land In 1906, Gurley", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2751490", "score": 0.6290991306304932, "text": "Aggieville riots The Aggieville riots occurred in 1984 and 1986 in Manhattan, Kansas, following football games between Kansas State University and the University of Kansas. They were some of the earliest collegiate sports-related riots in the United States. On October 13, 1984, Kansas State defeated KU 24-7 in football. That evening, Kansas State students and townspeople gathered to celebrate the victory in Aggieville, a student entertainment district in Manhattan filled with bars. An estimated 6,000 to 8,000 people jammed the main street outside the bars. As night fell, the revelers turned violent, smashing windows and signs, overturning a car, and", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3152532", "score": 0.6268134117126465, "text": "University of Notre Dame the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Student Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-108", "score": 0.6409832239151001, "text": "Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara was elected vice-president in 1933 and president of Notre Dame in 1934. During his tenure at Notre Dame, he brought numerous refugee intellectuals to campus; he selected Frank H. Spearman, Jeremiah D. M. Ford, Irvin Abell, and Josephine Brownson for the Laetare Medal, instituted in 1883. O'Hara strongly believed that the Fighting Irish football team could be an effective means to \"acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate\" Notre Dame. He wrote, \"Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother. When St. Paul said: 'Whether you eat or drink, or whatsoever else you do, do all for the glory of God,' he included football.\"" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3455839", "score": 0.6087949275970459, "text": "Notre Dame, Our Mother \"Notre Dame, Our Lady\" is the alma mater (official song of devotion) of the University of Notre Dame, a private, Catholic research university in northern Indiana. The song is addressed to \"Notre Dame\", a reference to both the university and its patroness and namesake, the Blessed Virgin Mary. Joseph Casasanta, a 1923 Notre Dame graduate, composed the song and it was first performed at coach Knute Rockne's funeral in 1931. The Rev. Charles O'Donnell, C.S.C., president of the university at the time of composition, wrote the song's lyrics in honor of the university's patroness, Mary, the", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3400144", "score": 0.6079739332199097, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Rev. Theodore Martin Hesburgh, CSC (May 25, 1917 – February 26, 2015) was a native of Syracuse, New York, who became an ordained priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross and is best known for his service as the president of the University of Notre Dame for thirty-five years (1952–1987). In addition to his career as an educator and author, Hesburgh was a public servant and social activist involved in numerous American civic and governmental initiatives, commissions, and international humanitarian projects. Hesburgh received numerous honors and awards for his service, most notably the United States's Presidential Medal of", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-287452", "score": 0.6063610315322876, "text": "Charles G. Dawes Charles Gates Dawes (August 27, 1865 – April 23, 1951) was an American banker, general, diplomat, and Republican politician who was the 30th Vice President of the United States from 1925 to 1929. For his work on the Dawes Plan for World War I reparations, he was a co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925. Born in Marietta, Ohio, Dawes attended Cincinnati Law School before beginning a legal career in Lincoln, Nebraska. After serving as a gas plant executive, he managed William McKinley's 1896 presidential campaign in Illinois. After the election, McKinley appointed Dawes as the", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3521357", "score": 0.6063610315322876, "text": "Charles G. Dawes Charles Gates Dawes (August 27, 1865 – April 23, 1951) was an American banker, general, diplomat, and Republican politician who was the 30th Vice President of the United States from 1925 to 1929. For his work on the Dawes Plan for World War I reparations, he was a co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925. Born in Marietta, Ohio, Dawes attended Cincinnati Law School before beginning a legal career in Lincoln, Nebraska. After serving as a gas plant executive, he managed William McKinley's 1896 presidential campaign in Illinois. After the election, McKinley appointed Dawes as the", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3842220", "score": 0.6063610315322876, "text": "Charles G. Dawes Charles Gates Dawes (August 27, 1865 – April 23, 1951) was an American banker, general, diplomat, and Republican politician who was the 30th Vice President of the United States from 1925 to 1929. For his work on the Dawes Plan for World War I reparations, he was a co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925. Born in Marietta, Ohio, Dawes attended Cincinnati Law School before beginning a legal career in Lincoln, Nebraska. After serving as a gas plant executive, he managed William McKinley's 1896 presidential campaign in Illinois. After the election, McKinley appointed Dawes as the", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-93", "score": 0.6018326878547668, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-94", "score": 0.6018326878547668, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-95", "score": 0.6018326878547668, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-96", "score": 0.6018326878547668, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-97", "score": 0.6018326878547668, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3825315", "score": 0.6013463139533997, "text": "modern conservatism. Spiro Agnew Spiro Theodore Agnew (; November 9, 1918 – September 17, 1996) was the 39th Vice President of the United States from 1969 until his resignation in 1973. He is the second and more recent officeholder to resign the position, after John C. Calhoun in 1832. Agnew was born in Baltimore, to an American-born mother and a Greek immigrant father. He attended Johns Hopkins University, graduated from the University of Baltimore School of Law, and entered the United States Army in 1941. Agnew served as an officer during World War II, earning the Bronze Star, and was", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2215739", "score": 0.6013378500938416, "text": "modern conservatism. Spiro Agnew Spiro Theodore Agnew (; November 9, 1918 – September 17, 1996) was the 39th Vice President of the United States from 1969 until his resignation in 1973. He is the second and more recent officeholder to resign the position, after John C. Calhoun in 1832. Agnew was born in Baltimore, to an American-born mother and a Greek immigrant father. He attended Johns Hopkins University, graduated from the University of Baltimore School of Law, and entered the United States Army in 1941. Agnew served as an officer during World War II, earning the Bronze Star, and was", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2723905", "score": 0.6003867983818054, "text": "1925 Rose Bowl The 1925 Rose Bowl was a college football bowl game. It was the 11th Rose Bowl Game. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish defeated Stanford University, 27–10. The game featured two legendary coaches, Knute Rockne of Notre Dame, and Pop Warner in his first year at Stanford. The game also featured the Four Horsemen of Notre Dame. Elmer Layden of Notre Dame and Ernie Nevers of Stanford were named the Rose Bowl Players Of The Game when the award was created in 1953 and selections were made retroactively. This was the first appearance for Notre Dame in any", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-512327", "score": 0.5997677445411682, "text": "Knute Rockne Knute Kenneth Rockne ( ; March 4, 1888 – March 31, 1931) was a Norwegian-American football player and coach at the University of Notre Dame. Rockne is regarded as one of the greatest coaches in college football history. His biography at the College Football Hall of Fame identifies him as \"without question, American football's most-renowned coach\". Rockne helped to popularize the forward pass and made the Notre Dame Fighting Irish a major factor in college football. Knute Rockne was born Knut Larsen Rokne, in Voss, Norway, to smith and wagonmaker Lars Knutson Rokne (1858–1912) and his wife, Martha", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3907639", "score": 0.5988260507583618, "text": "John J. Cavanaugh appointed executive vice president - the one vice president to whom all the others reported. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the University, which continue today and are vital to the University's governance and development. In 1952, President Cavanaugh was required to resign as president in order to retain his position as a superior in the Holy Cross community. But he continued to serve the university as the Director of the Notre Dame Foundation. His successor was Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh. During his many years of association with Joseph P. Kennedy, Father John was called on for", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3256497", "score": 0.5975890755653381, "text": "study bookkeeping and commercial law. He also laid the foundations for the development of a course in the sciences. He was popular with students because of his disciplinary leniency. He died of illness a few years later in 1868. Patrick Dillon The Rev. Patrick Dillon, C.S.C. (January 1, 1832 – November 15, 1868) was an Irish-American Catholic priest, and second President of the University of Notre Dame from 1865 to 1866. He was the first Irish priest of the University. The Rev. Patrick Dillon served as the second president of the University of Notre Dame from 1865 to 1866. He", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3481957", "score": 0.5957076549530029, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1591244", "score": 0.5955801010131836, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3587792", "score": 0.5953778028488159, "text": "University of Notre Dame ever made to an American Catholic university. He also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of what Andrew Greeley calls a \"dramatic transformation.\" In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950,", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-838926", "score": 0.5947022438049316, "text": "Spiro Agnew Spiro Theodore Agnew (; November 9, 1918 – September 17, 1996) was the 39th Vice President of the United States from 1969 until his resignation in 1973. He is the second and more recent officeholder to resign the position, after John C. Calhoun in 1832. Agnew was born in Baltimore, to an American-born mother and a Greek immigrant father. He attended Johns Hopkins University, graduated from the University of Baltimore School of Law, and entered the United States Army in 1941. Agnew served as an officer during World War II, earning the Bronze Star, and was recalled for", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-109", "score": 0.6509312391281128, "text": "Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara was elected vice-president in 1933 and president of Notre Dame in 1934. During his tenure at Notre Dame, he brought numerous refugee intellectuals to campus; he selected Frank H. Spearman, Jeremiah D. M. Ford, Irvin Abell, and Josephine Brownson for the Laetare Medal, instituted in 1883. O'Hara strongly believed that the Fighting Irish football team could be an effective means to \"acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate\" Notre Dame. He wrote, \"Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother. When St. Paul said: 'Whether you eat or drink, or whatsoever else you do, do all for the glory of God,' he included football.\"" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-780569", "score": 0.6175678968429565, "text": "last nine decades, the Subway Alumni has grown through generation after generation. Although born in the New York City area, the group quickly spread to Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago and the rest of the country. In Italy, where a Notre Dame Club was founded in 1944, 'subway alumni' are known as 'catacomb alumni'. In 1913, led by Coach Jesse Harper, Notre Dame football set out to expand past their mid-western roots and scheduled games with national powerhouses Texas, Penn State and Army. On November 1, 1913, led by quarterback Charles “Gus” Dorais and end Knute Rockne Notre Dame stunned the Black", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1301450", "score": 0.6175678968429565, "text": "last nine decades, the Subway Alumni has grown through generation after generation. Although born in the New York City area, the group quickly spread to Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago and the rest of the country. In Italy, where a Notre Dame Club was founded in 1944, 'subway alumni' are known as 'catacomb alumni'. In 1913, led by Coach Jesse Harper, Notre Dame football set out to expand past their mid-western roots and scheduled games with national powerhouses Texas, Penn State and Army. On November 1, 1913, led by quarterback Charles “Gus” Dorais and end Knute Rockne Notre Dame stunned the Black", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2265609", "score": 0.6175678968429565, "text": "last nine decades, the Subway Alumni has grown through generation after generation. Although born in the New York City area, the group quickly spread to Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago and the rest of the country. In Italy, where a Notre Dame Club was founded in 1944, 'subway alumni' are known as 'catacomb alumni'. In 1913, led by Coach Jesse Harper, Notre Dame football set out to expand past their mid-western roots and scheduled games with national powerhouses Texas, Penn State and Army. On November 1, 1913, led by quarterback Charles “Gus” Dorais and end Knute Rockne Notre Dame stunned the Black", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1875911", "score": 0.617542028427124, "text": "Chaplain Corby of Gettysburg installation and unveiling. University president Father John W. Cavanaugh, who attended the dedication of the sculpture in Gettysburg, endorsed the effort. The student newspaper, \"Notre Dame Scholastic\" published weekly fundraising updates with the names of each donor for the following three months. By June 1911, the Corby Monument Fund raised $848 with 132 donations from students, alumni, and others. The University funded the remaining sum. The University held a Decoration Day unveiling event on May 30, 1911 with addresses from General John C. Black, former Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic and Father John P. Chadwick. The Catholic", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2012304", "score": 0.6172980666160583, "text": "original residence of Herbert Hoover and where he stayed in subsequent visits to the mine during the first decade of the twentieth century. Hoover was made an honorary citizen of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. (1921). Works cited Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American engineer, businessman and politician who served as the 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression. A Republican, as Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s he introduced themes of efficiency in the business community and provided government support for standardization, efficiency", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1017102", "score": 0.6165703535079956, "text": "Charles Coughlin Illustrative of Coughlin's disdain for free market capitalism is his statement: By 1934, Coughlin was perhaps the most prominent Roman Catholic speaker on political and financial issues, with a radio audience that reached tens of millions of people every week. Alan Brinkley wrote that \"by 1934, he was receiving more than 10,000 letters every day\" and that \"his clerical staff at times numbered more than a hundred\". He foreshadowed modern talk radio and televangelism. In 1934, when Coughlin began criticizing the New Deal, Roosevelt sent Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and Frank Murphy, both prominent Irish Catholics, to try to influence", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1042928", "score": 0.6164925694465637, "text": "John Henry Newman Canada; Thodupuzha, India, and Wichita, United States. Newman's Dublin lecture series \"The Idea of a University Defined and Illustrated\" is thought to have become \"the basis of a characteristic British belief that education should aim at producing generalists rather than narrow specialists, and that non-vocational subjects – in arts or pure science – could train the mind in ways applicable to a wide range of jobs\". In 1991 Newman was proclaimed venerable by Pope John Paul II, after a thorough examination of his life and work by the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. After this, Jack Sullivan, a man", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1117167", "score": 0.6163172721862793, "text": "the re-election of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936. The National Union for Social Justice did not impact the election as they had anticipated, and their political agendas were becoming unfavorable in the United States. The NUSJ eventually ended in 1937. National Union for Social Justice (organization) The National Union for Social Justice was a United States political movement formed in 1934 by Charles Coughlin, a Catholic priest and radio host. It heavily criticized communism, capitalism, and the presidential administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt , while also advocating for the nationalization of utilities and banks. The National Union for Social Justice", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-243663", "score": 0.6163028478622437, "text": "John Henry Newman Canada; Thodupuzha, India, and Wichita, United States. Newman's Dublin lecture series \"The Idea of a University Defined and Illustrated\" is thought to have become \"the basis of a characteristic British belief that education should aim at producing generalists rather than narrow specialists, and that non-vocational subjects – in arts or pure science – could train the mind in ways applicable to a wide range of jobs\". In 1991 Newman was proclaimed venerable by Pope John Paul II, after a thorough examination of his life and work by the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. After this, Jack Sullivan, a man", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1302774", "score": 0.6157593727111816, "text": "National Union for Social Justice (organization) The National Union for Social Justice was a United States political movement formed in 1934 by Charles Coughlin, a Catholic priest and radio host. It heavily criticized communism, capitalism, and the presidential administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt , while also advocating for the nationalization of utilities and banks. The National Union for Social Justice was one of the most powerful movements to challenge Roosevelt's New Deal policies. NUSJ fought for social equality and promoted populist ideologies. Membership was open to all Americans regardless of race, economic background or religious faith. At the height of", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-968608", "score": 0.6145455837249756, "text": "Army Black Knights football Army's mascot is Army Mules. The Army Mules date back to 1899, being officially adopted by Army in 1936. President of the United States and General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower and General of the Army Omar Bradley were on the 1912 Army football team. Eisenhower was injured and his football career was over by 1913, when the two future generals were juniors. Bradley, a star of the Army baseball team for four years, was on the field in 1913 when Notre Dame upset Army in a historic college football game in which the forward pass was used for", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-192", "score": 0.6135107278823853, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-193", "score": 0.6135107278823853, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-194", "score": 0.6135107278823853, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1449327", "score": 0.6132888197898865, "text": "he was buried in Monterey Park, California. His death was noted in his hometown, where many residents still recalled him as the youthful athlete who threw a decisive pass in the Rayen-South game 60 years earlier. Edward J. Hogan Edward J. Hogan (December 10, 1897 – March 24, 1976) was a track and field standout at the University of Notre Dame in the early 1920s, under legendary coach Knute Rockne. He placed in numerous track and field events and reportedly trained for the 1924 Olympics. Hogan's photograph is featured on Notre Dame's sports \"Wall of Honor\". Earlier in his career,", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-190", "score": 0.6132543683052063, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-191", "score": 0.6132543683052063, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-726524", "score": 0.6127343773841858, "text": "History of Michigan Wolverines football in the Kipke years inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Gerald Ford, who played for Michigan from 1932 to 1934, went on to serve as the 38th President of the United States. After Michigan compiled a 3–4–1 record (2–3 Big Ten) in 1928, Michigan athletic director Fielding H. Yost announced in May 1929 that head football coach Elton Wieman would not be a member of the coaching staff in the fall. Two weeks later, in June 1929, Yost announced that Harry Kipke had been hired as Michigan's new head football coach. Kipke had been an All-American halfback on Yost's Michigan football teams", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2681397", "score": 0.6127343773841858, "text": "History of Michigan Wolverines football in the Kipke years inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Gerald Ford, who played for Michigan from 1932 to 1934, went on to serve as the 38th President of the United States. After Michigan compiled a 3–4–1 record (2–3 Big Ten) in 1928, Michigan athletic director Fielding H. Yost announced in May 1929 that head football coach Elton Wieman would not be a member of the coaching staff in the fall. Two weeks later, in June 1929, Yost announced that Harry Kipke had been hired as Michigan's new head football coach. Kipke had been an All-American halfback on Yost's Michigan football teams", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1937977", "score": 0.61203932762146, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh K. Simpson, U.S. senator Joe Donnelly, William G. Bowen, and a video message from President Barack Obama. Hesburgh's leadership as president of the University of Notre Dame brought it to the forefront of American Catholic universities. A \"Time\" magazine cover story from February 9, 1962, named him as \"the most influential figure in the reshaping of Catholic higher education in the U.S.\" Long known for its football program, Notre Dame also became known for its academics. Among his major accomplishments at Notre Dame, Hesburgh succeeded in transferring of ownership of Notre Dame from Holy Cross priests to the Notre Dame", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-110", "score": 0.6075186729431152, "text": "Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara was elected vice-president in 1933 and president of Notre Dame in 1934. During his tenure at Notre Dame, he brought numerous refugee intellectuals to campus; he selected Frank H. Spearman, Jeremiah D. M. Ford, Irvin Abell, and Josephine Brownson for the Laetare Medal, instituted in 1883. O'Hara strongly believed that the Fighting Irish football team could be an effective means to \"acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate\" Notre Dame. He wrote, \"Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother. When St. Paul said: 'Whether you eat or drink, or whatsoever else you do, do all for the glory of God,' he included football.\"" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1760341", "score": 0.577007532119751, "text": "Johnny Lattner held offers from top college football programs across the country. He initially considered the University of Michigan because head coach Bennie Oosterbaan ran the single wing offense, a scheme that fit Lattner well at Fenwick. Lattner eventually chose Notre Dame, which offered a Catholic education and the highest level of competition. Lattner played halfback for the University of Notre Dame under head coach Frank Leahy from 1950 to 1953. He won the Heisman Trophy in 1953, and won the Maxwell Award twice, in 1952 and 1953. In 1953, the Irish went 9–0–1, finishing second to Maryland in the final Associated", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2474632", "score": 0.5764561891555786, "text": "in South Bend four years prior, winning 31-21 at Ryan Field. Notre Dame leads the series 38–9–2. Northwestern–Notre Dame football rivalry The Northwestern–Notre Dame football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Northwestern Wildcats and Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Starting in the 1920s, Northwestern and Notre Dame played for a Shillelagh until the mid-1970s. The trophy game was created at the behest of Notre Dame head coach Knute Rockne, who wanted a rivalry in the Chicago metropolitan area to help build Notre Dame's fanbase there. The game decided the national championship in 1930, and a Notre Dame victory", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1028352", "score": 0.5762001872062683, "text": "1943 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 1943 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1943 college football season. The Irish, coached by Frank Leahy, ended the season with 9 wins and 1 loss, winning the national championship. The 1943 team became the fourth Irish team to win the national title and the first for Frank Leahy. Led by Notre Dame's first Heisman Trophy winner, Angelo Bertelli, Notre Dame beat seven teams ranked in the top 13 and played seven of its ten games on the road. Despite a season ending loss", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1255949", "score": 0.5760650634765625, "text": "Randle McMurphy – December 11, 1963) is an Irish American brawler found guilty of battery, gambling and statutory rape. He is a Korean War veteran who was a POW during the war and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for leading a breakout from a Chinese camp, but was dishonorably discharged for insubordination. He is sentenced to a fairly short prison term and decides to have himself declared insane in order to be transferred to a mental institution, where he expects to serve the rest of his time in comparative comfort and luxury. McMurphy's ward in the mental institution is run by", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-73", "score": 0.5760467648506165, "text": "In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which \"Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative.\" It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where \"Everyone Plays Intramural Sports.\" The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-74", "score": 0.5760467648506165, "text": "In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which \"Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative.\" It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where \"Everyone Plays Intramural Sports.\" The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-75", "score": 0.5760467648506165, "text": "In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which \"Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative.\" It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where \"Everyone Plays Intramural Sports.\" The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-76", "score": 0.5760467648506165, "text": "In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which \"Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative.\" It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where \"Everyone Plays Intramural Sports.\" The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-77", "score": 0.5760467648506165, "text": "In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which \"Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative.\" It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where \"Everyone Plays Intramural Sports.\" The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3481957", "score": 0.5757659673690796, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1299327", "score": 0.5756778717041016, "text": "lineman who won the Maxwell. In 1977, he also placed fifth in voting for the Heisman Trophy. During his senior year in college, he was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated with the subheading of \"Notre Dame's Peerless Ross Browner.\" Notre Dame had a 39-7 record in his time that covered 11-0 in 1973, 8-3 in 1975, 9-3 in 1976, and 11-1 in 1977. Notre Dame won National Championships in 1973 and 1977. His career statistics record 340 tackles, a school record; ten deflected passes, two blocked kicks. He also scored a touchdown and two safeties. Browner was inducted", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1591244", "score": 0.5754031538963318, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-491980", "score": 0.5752001404762268, "text": "on to lose in the tournament final to Duke, 75-69. Notre Dame received a 5-seed in the West region of the NCAA tournament and defeated Princeton in the first round before falling to West Virginia in the second round. Mike Brey Michael Paul Brey (born March 22, 1959) is an American college basketball coach. He has been the men's head coach at the University of Notre Dame since July 14, 2000. Brey, the son of Olympic swimmer Betty Brey, graduated from DeMatha Catholic High School in Hyattsville, Maryland in 1977. As a two-year letter winner under coach Morgan Wootten, Brey", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1104949", "score": 0.575019359588623, "text": "George Gipp George Gipp (February 18, 1895 – December 14, 1920), nicknamed \"The Gipper\", was a college football player at the University of Notre Dame under head coach Knute Rockne. Gipp was selected as Notre Dame's first Walter Camp All-American, and played several positions, particularly halfback, quarterback, and punter. Gipp died at age 25 of a streptococcal throat infection and pneumonia, three weeks after a win over Northwestern in his senior season, and was the subject of Rockne's \"Win just one for the Gipper\" speech. In the 1940 film \"Knute Rockne, All American\", he was portrayed by Ronald Reagan. Born", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1883297", "score": 0.5747973918914795, "text": "1961 Big Ten Conference football season The 1961 Big Ten Conference football season was the 66th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference and was a part of the 1961 college football season. The 1961 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, under head coach Woody Hayes, compiled an 8–0–1, won the Big Ten championship, and was recognized as the national champion by the Football Writers Association of America. Fullback Bob Ferguson was a consensus first-team All-American and won the Maxwell Award and the UPI and Sporting News College Football Player of the Year awards.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3581472", "score": 0.5744433999061584, "text": "including David Grimes with Broncos, Pat Kuntz with the Colts, Terrail Lambert with the 49ers, and fullback Asaph Schwapp and offensive lineman Mike Turkovich with the Cowboys. 2008 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 2008 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Charlie Weis and played its home games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana. This was Weis's fourth season as Notre Dame's head coach, who entered the season with a 22–15 record, coming off a 3–9 season", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-229", "score": 0.5742142796516418, "text": "On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA. The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports. The band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States, was honored by the National Music Council as a \"Landmark of American Music\" during the United States Bicentennial. The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell. According to College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology published in 1998, the \"Notre Dame Victory March\" ranks as the greatest fight song of all time.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-230", "score": 0.5742142796516418, "text": "On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA. The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports. The band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States, was honored by the National Music Council as a \"Landmark of American Music\" during the United States Bicentennial. The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell. According to College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology published in 1998, the \"Notre Dame Victory March\" ranks as the greatest fight song of all time.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-231", "score": 0.5742142796516418, "text": "On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA. The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports. The band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States, was honored by the National Music Council as a \"Landmark of American Music\" during the United States Bicentennial. The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell. According to College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology published in 1998, the \"Notre Dame Victory March\" ranks as the greatest fight song of all time.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-232", "score": 0.5742142796516418, "text": "On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA. The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports. The band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States, was honored by the National Music Council as a \"Landmark of American Music\" during the United States Bicentennial. The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell. According to College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology published in 1998, the \"Notre Dame Victory March\" ranks as the greatest fight song of all time.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-111", "score": 0.7441598773002625, "text": "Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara was elected vice-president in 1933 and president of Notre Dame in 1934. During his tenure at Notre Dame, he brought numerous refugee intellectuals to campus; he selected Frank H. Spearman, Jeremiah D. M. Ford, Irvin Abell, and Josephine Brownson for the Laetare Medal, instituted in 1883. O'Hara strongly believed that the Fighting Irish football team could be an effective means to \"acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate\" Notre Dame. He wrote, \"Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother. When St. Paul said: 'Whether you eat or drink, or whatsoever else you do, do all for the glory of God,' he included football.\"" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3619527", "score": 0.6864823698997498, "text": "books from their original French and wrote over sixty inspirational novels. In 1895, she received the Laetare Medal from the University of Notre Dame and a special blessing from Pope Leo XIII for her services to the Catholic Church and her impact on Catholic publishing. A nephew, William H. Sadlier, joined his uncles, in 1874 branching out to start his own publishing firm which still carries his name. Before he died at age 31, William asked his wife Annie to keep the family business. The 26-year-old widow with three small children raised a family while running a publishing company in", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1573035", "score": 0.677531361579895, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh for his public service. In 1964 President Johnson awarded Hesburgh the Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest honor. In 2000 Hesburgh was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, the first person from higher education to receive the honor. On September 1, 2017, the United States Postal Service (USPS) released a First Class postage stamp honoring Father Hesburgh in the year of the 100th anniversary of his birthday. The release ceremony was held at Joyce Center at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Hesburgh's awards include, among many others: In a flight that took place on February 28, 1979,", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-991638", "score": 0.6759389042854309, "text": "John Benjamin Murphy also considered an innovator for surgical intervention for prostate cancer, performance of end-to-end anastomosis of hollow viscera. In 1912, he performed what was arguably the first biliary tract endoscopy. He was a founding member of the American College of Surgeons. He was knighted with the Order of St. Gregory the Great at the direction of Pope Benedict XV by Archbishop George Mundelein on June 16, 1916. He was awarded Laetare Medal by the University of Notre Dame in 1902, and a Doctor of Science by University of Sheffield, England in 1908. Although Murphy's flamboyant demeanour and consequent unpopularity among his", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1155306", "score": 0.6725614070892334, "text": "Dame to a home-and-home series, which was the beginning of the Notre Dame–USC football rivalry. Previously, the furthest west the Irish ever had traveled was to play at Nebraska and Kansas. Dillon Hall, a dormitory at the University of Notre Dame, was built with the proceeds, $52,000, from the 1925 Rose Bowl. Elmer Layden of Notre Dame and Ernie Nevers of Stanford were named the Rose Bowl Players of the Game when the award was created in 1953 and selections were made retroactively. Notre Dame has never appeared in the Rose Bowl game again, and did not appear in any", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2487607", "score": 0.6716583967208862, "text": "Notre Dame–Stanford football rivalry in odd-numbered years since 1999. The game typically alternates positions in Notre Dame's schedule with its other Pac-12 opponent, USC. The winner of the game gains the Legends Trophy, a Dublin Irish crystal bowl resting on a California redwood base. The trophy was presented for the first time in 1989 by the Notre Dame Club of the San Francisco Bay Area. The series began on January 1, 1925 (the end of the 1924 season) when Notre Dame's Four Horsemen and head coach Knute Rockne faced Stanford's Ernie Nevers and head coach Pop Warner at the 1925 Rose Bowl. Notre Dame's", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2798893", "score": 0.6716583967208862, "text": "Notre Dame–Stanford football rivalry in odd-numbered years since 1999. The game typically alternates positions in Notre Dame's schedule with its other Pac-12 opponent, USC. The winner of the game gains the Legends Trophy, a Dublin Irish crystal bowl resting on a California redwood base. The trophy was presented for the first time in 1989 by the Notre Dame Club of the San Francisco Bay Area. The series began on January 1, 1925 (the end of the 1924 season) when Notre Dame's Four Horsemen and head coach Knute Rockne faced Stanford's Ernie Nevers and head coach Pop Warner at the 1925 Rose Bowl. Notre Dame's", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2978684", "score": 0.670940637588501, "text": "was 83 when he died from mesothelioma in his Melrose Park, Illinois home on February 12, 2016. Johnny Lattner John Joseph Lattner (October 24, 1932 – February 12, 2016) was an American football player. While playing college football for the University of Notre Dame, he won the Heisman Trophy in 1953. He also won the Maxwell Award twice, in 1952 and 1953. Lattner played professionally for one season in the National Football League (NFL), with the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1954. Lattner starred in both football and basketball at Fenwick High School where he graduated in 1950. Fenwick, along with other", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-234", "score": 0.6703388690948486, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-235", "score": 0.6703388690948486, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-236", "score": 0.6703388690948486, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-237", "score": 0.6703388690948486, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-238", "score": 0.6703388690948486, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2386220", "score": 0.6655257940292358, "text": "Timothy Edward Howard Timothy Edward Howard was an Indiana State Senate senator and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indiana, writer, poet, professor of law, and Civil War veteran. He was also the first Notre Dame alumnus recipient of the Laetare Medal. He was severely wounded at the Battle of Shiloh. Howard was elected as a Democrat to two terms in the Indiana State Senate, serving from 1887 until 1892. However, he did not complete his second term, because in 1892, he became a member of the state Supreme Court. Howard also was president of the Northern Indiana Historical", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1017458", "score": 0.6630679368972778, "text": "Laetare Medal distinguished American Catholic on Laetare Sunday. The medal has the Latin inscription \"Magna est veritas et praevalebit,\" meaning \"Truth is mighty, and it shall prevail.\" A candidate for the award must be a practicing American Catholic (though not necessarily one who accepts everything proposed by the Church regarding teaching on faith and morals) who has made a distinctively Catholic contribution in his or her professional or intellectual life, even if that contribution is at odds with Catholic teaching. A committee generally takes names of potential recipients from faculty and staff at the University of Notre Dame. They select two or", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6627994775772095, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1760341", "score": 0.6614805459976196, "text": "Johnny Lattner held offers from top college football programs across the country. He initially considered the University of Michigan because head coach Bennie Oosterbaan ran the single wing offense, a scheme that fit Lattner well at Fenwick. Lattner eventually chose Notre Dame, which offered a Catholic education and the highest level of competition. Lattner played halfback for the University of Notre Dame under head coach Frank Leahy from 1950 to 1953. He won the Heisman Trophy in 1953, and won the Maxwell Award twice, in 1952 and 1953. In 1953, the Irish went 9–0–1, finishing second to Maryland in the final Associated", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-356419", "score": 0.6600879430770874, "text": "Hap Moran the Four Horsemen first formed up as a backfield under the coaching of Knute Rockne. Moran would also play against the Four Horsemen in their last game together in 1930, when the Notre Dame All-Stars faced the New York Giants in a charity game which raised $115,000 to benefit New York City's unemployed. In 1923 Moran returned to Iowa and played football and basketball for Grinnell College. As a passer his favorite receiver was Morgan Taylor, who won the first Gold Medal for the United States in the 1924 Olympics in Paris running the 400-meter hurdles. In 1926 Moran was", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1827037", "score": 0.6600879430770874, "text": "Hap Moran the Four Horsemen first formed up as a backfield under the coaching of Knute Rockne. Moran would also play against the Four Horsemen in their last game together in 1930, when the Notre Dame All-Stars faced the New York Giants in a charity game which raised $115,000 to benefit New York City's unemployed. In 1923 Moran returned to Iowa and played football and basketball for Grinnell College. As a passer his favorite receiver was Morgan Taylor, who won the first Gold Medal for the United States in the 1924 Olympics in Paris running the 400-meter hurdles. In 1926 Moran was", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2235889", "score": 0.6600879430770874, "text": "Hap Moran the Four Horsemen first formed up as a backfield under the coaching of Knute Rockne. Moran would also play against the Four Horsemen in their last game together in 1930, when the Notre Dame All-Stars faced the New York Giants in a charity game which raised $115,000 to benefit New York City's unemployed. In 1923 Moran returned to Iowa and played football and basketball for Grinnell College. As a passer his favorite receiver was Morgan Taylor, who won the first Gold Medal for the United States in the 1924 Olympics in Paris running the 400-meter hurdles. In 1926 Moran was", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3739915", "score": 0.6587985157966614, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Freedom (1964) and Congressional Gold Medal (2000). As of 2013, he also held the world's record for the individual with most honorary degrees with more than 150. Hesburgh is credited with bringing Notre Dame, long known for its football program, to the forefront of American Catholic universities and its transition to a nationally respected institution of higher education. He supervised the university's dramatic growth, as well as the successful transfer of its ownership from Holy Cross priests to the Notre Dame Board of Trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president, the university also became a coeducational institution. In addition", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-112", "score": 0.7351872324943542, "text": "Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara was elected vice-president in 1933 and president of Notre Dame in 1934. During his tenure at Notre Dame, he brought numerous refugee intellectuals to campus; he selected Frank H. Spearman, Jeremiah D. M. Ford, Irvin Abell, and Josephine Brownson for the Laetare Medal, instituted in 1883. O'Hara strongly believed that the Fighting Irish football team could be an effective means to \"acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate\" Notre Dame. He wrote, \"Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother. When St. Paul said: 'Whether you eat or drink, or whatsoever else you do, do all for the glory of God,' he included football.\"" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-234", "score": 0.6958383917808533, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-235", "score": 0.6958383917808533, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-236", "score": 0.6958383917808533, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-237", "score": 0.6958383917808533, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-238", "score": 0.6958383917808533, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2688478", "score": 0.6884026527404785, "text": "as one of their \"Most Powerful People in Sports\". 2002 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 2002 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 2002 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tyrone Willingham and played its home games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana. The 2002 season became known as a \"Return to Glory\" for the Irish. This phrase appeared on a student shirt that created a \"Sea of Green\" in the Irish stands. It was picked up by many in the media and was used", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3184409", "score": 0.6813274621963501, "text": "Stanford Cardinal football of Notre Dame, Pop Warner was the most publicized coach in football.\" The game was thus a test of two different and highly influential systems of football: \"the Warner system with the wing backs, unbalanced line and gigantic power [and the] Knute Rockne system with its rhythmic, dancing shift, lightning speed, balanced line and finely timed blocking\". Notre Dame's backfield was composed of the renowned Four Horsemen. Nevers played all 60 minutes of the game, and rushed for (more yardage than the Four Horsemen combined). Warner's offense moved the ball but was unable to score, and Notre Dame won 27–10.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-189397", "score": 0.680591344833374, "text": "it was Notre Dame, which fired our desire to win with its long humiliation of Army teams.\" Army–Notre Dame football rivalry The Army–Notre Dame football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Army Black Knights football team of the United States Military Academy and Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team of the University of Notre Dame. The rivalry dates back to 1913, when both teams were among the top college football programs in the United States. The first Army–Notre Dame game in 1913 is generally regarded as the game that established the national reputation of the Fighting Irish.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1879153", "score": 0.6802291870117188, "text": "John Francis O'Hara a newly approved practice by the Catholic Church. He made national headlines when he arranged for two Notre Dame football players, on their way to a game against West Point, to receive Communion in Albany, New York; the team has since had the opportunity to receive Communion on trips away. O'Hara was appointed the Vice President of the University of Notre Dame in 1933, and its president in 1934. During his tenure at Notre Dame, he brought numerous refugee intellectuals to campus; he selected Frank H. Spearman, Richard Reid, Jeremiah D. M. Ford, Irvin Abell, and Josephine Brownson for the", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3455839", "score": 0.6773324608802795, "text": "Notre Dame, Our Mother \"Notre Dame, Our Lady\" is the alma mater (official song of devotion) of the University of Notre Dame, a private, Catholic research university in northern Indiana. The song is addressed to \"Notre Dame\", a reference to both the university and its patroness and namesake, the Blessed Virgin Mary. Joseph Casasanta, a 1923 Notre Dame graduate, composed the song and it was first performed at coach Knute Rockne's funeral in 1931. The Rev. Charles O'Donnell, C.S.C., president of the university at the time of composition, wrote the song's lyrics in honor of the university's patroness, Mary, the", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-512327", "score": 0.6772173643112183, "text": "Knute Rockne Knute Kenneth Rockne ( ; March 4, 1888 – March 31, 1931) was a Norwegian-American football player and coach at the University of Notre Dame. Rockne is regarded as one of the greatest coaches in college football history. His biography at the College Football Hall of Fame identifies him as \"without question, American football's most-renowned coach\". Rockne helped to popularize the forward pass and made the Notre Dame Fighting Irish a major factor in college football. Knute Rockne was born Knut Larsen Rokne, in Voss, Norway, to smith and wagonmaker Lars Knutson Rokne (1858–1912) and his wife, Martha", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2207795", "score": 0.6771583557128906, "text": "University of Notre Dame By 1925 enrollment had increased to 2,500 students, of which 1,471 lived on campus. One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3080483", "score": 0.6745138764381409, "text": "\"With the exception of Knute Rockne of Notre Dame, Pop Warner was the most publicized coach in football.\" The game was thus a test of two different and highly influential systems of football: \"the Warner system with the wing backs, unbalanced line and gigantic power [and the] Knute Rockne system with its rhythmic, dancing shift, lightning speed, balanced line and finely timed blocking\". Notre Dame's backfield was composed of the renowned Four Horsemen. Nevers played all 60 minutes of the game, and rushed for (more yardage than the Four Horsemen combined). Warner's offense moved the ball but was unable to", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2487607", "score": 0.6732664704322815, "text": "Notre Dame–Stanford football rivalry in odd-numbered years since 1999. The game typically alternates positions in Notre Dame's schedule with its other Pac-12 opponent, USC. The winner of the game gains the Legends Trophy, a Dublin Irish crystal bowl resting on a California redwood base. The trophy was presented for the first time in 1989 by the Notre Dame Club of the San Francisco Bay Area. The series began on January 1, 1925 (the end of the 1924 season) when Notre Dame's Four Horsemen and head coach Knute Rockne faced Stanford's Ernie Nevers and head coach Pop Warner at the 1925 Rose Bowl. Notre Dame's", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2798893", "score": 0.6732664704322815, "text": "Notre Dame–Stanford football rivalry in odd-numbered years since 1999. The game typically alternates positions in Notre Dame's schedule with its other Pac-12 opponent, USC. The winner of the game gains the Legends Trophy, a Dublin Irish crystal bowl resting on a California redwood base. The trophy was presented for the first time in 1989 by the Notre Dame Club of the San Francisco Bay Area. The series began on January 1, 1925 (the end of the 1924 season) when Notre Dame's Four Horsemen and head coach Knute Rockne faced Stanford's Ernie Nevers and head coach Pop Warner at the 1925 Rose Bowl. Notre Dame's", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2326182", "score": 0.6730465292930603, "text": "travel version is posted by equipment staff for the players to touch as they depart the locker room for the field. As the team enters the field, the Sooners run under a crimson banner that displays 'Play Like a Champion' that is flanked by flags representing each of Oklahoma's seven national championships. Play Like a Champion Today Play Like a Champion Today is a saying that both the University of Oklahoma Sooners and the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish football programs have used over the years. Its origin before being used before the late 1940s is unknown but was", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-351522", "score": 0.6725496649742126, "text": "Ara Parseghian Ara Raoul Parseghian (May 21, 1923 – August 2, 2017) was an American football player and coach who guided the University of Notre Dame to national championships in 1966 and 1973. He is noted for bringing Notre Dame's Fighting Irish football program from years of futility back into a national contender in 1964 and is widely regarded alongside Knute Rockne and Frank Leahy as a part of the \"Holy Trinity\" of Notre Dame head coaches. Parseghian grew up in Akron, Ohio, and played football beginning in his junior year of high school. He enrolled at the University of", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1859055", "score": 0.6725496649742126, "text": "Ara Parseghian Ara Raoul Parseghian (May 21, 1923 – August 2, 2017) was an American football player and coach who guided the University of Notre Dame to national championships in 1966 and 1973. He is noted for bringing Notre Dame's Fighting Irish football program from years of futility back into a national contender in 1964 and is widely regarded alongside Knute Rockne and Frank Leahy as a part of the \"Holy Trinity\" of Notre Dame head coaches. Parseghian grew up in Akron, Ohio, and played football beginning in his junior year of high school. He enrolled at the University of", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3092555", "score": 0.6725496649742126, "text": "Ara Parseghian Ara Raoul Parseghian (May 21, 1923 – August 2, 2017) was an American football player and coach who guided the University of Notre Dame to national championships in 1966 and 1973. He is noted for bringing Notre Dame's Fighting Irish football program from years of futility back into a national contender in 1964 and is widely regarded alongside Knute Rockne and Frank Leahy as a part of the \"Holy Trinity\" of Notre Dame head coaches. Parseghian grew up in Akron, Ohio, and played football beginning in his junior year of high school. He enrolled at the University of", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3267967", "score": 0.6713981032371521, "text": "1924 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 1924 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1924 college football season. Coached by Knute Rockne and featuring the \"Four Horsemen\" backfield of Harry Stuhldreher, Don Miller, Jim Crowley, and Elmer Layden, Notre Dame won all ten games, including a victory over Stanford in the Rose Bowl. The team was recognized as the consensus national champion, receiving retroactive national championship honors from the Berryman QPRS system, Billingsley Report, Boand System, Dickinson System, College Football Researchers Association, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, Poling", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-113", "score": 0.7035811543464661, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-201846", "score": 0.6671489477157593, "text": "University of Notre Dame and faculty. With each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them. The original Main Building built by Fr. Sorin just after he arrived was replaced by a larger \"Main Building\" in 1865, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Under Fr. William Corby's first administration, enrollment at Notre Dame increased to more than 500 students. In 1869 he opened the law school, which offered a two-year course of study, and in 1871 he began construction of Sacred Heart Church, today the Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Notre Dame. Beginning in 1873, a", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-93", "score": 0.6619184017181396, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-94", "score": 0.6619184017181396, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-95", "score": 0.6619184017181396, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-96", "score": 0.6619184017181396, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-97", "score": 0.6619184017181396, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-118", "score": 0.6570916771888733, "text": "The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-119", "score": 0.6570916771888733, "text": "The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-120", "score": 0.6570916771888733, "text": "The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-121", "score": 0.6570916771888733, "text": "The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-122", "score": 0.6570916771888733, "text": "The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1146461", "score": 0.6543021202087402, "text": "University of Notre Dame investment. For the 2007 fiscal year, the endowment had grown to approximately $6.5 billion, putting the university in the top-15 largest endowments in the country. In October 2018, the University listed its endowment at National Association of College and University Business Officers published Notre Dame's endowment at $13.1 billion. As of fall 2014, Notre Dame had 12,292 students and employed 1,126 full-time faculty members and another 190 part-time members to give a student/faculty ratio of 8:1. All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the \"First", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-426792", "score": 0.6534615755081177, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1787802", "score": 0.653329610824585, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1984026", "score": 0.653329610824585, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3014525", "score": 0.653329610824585, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2740759", "score": 0.6528756618499756, "text": "Hugh O'Donnell (priest) The Rev. John Hugh O'Donnell, C.S.C. (June 2, 1884 – June 12, 1947) was an American priest and President of the University of Notre Dame from 1940 to 1946, after having served has Vice President from 1934 to 1940. During World War II, O'Donnell offered Notre Dame's facilities to the armed forces. The navy accepted his offer and installed Naval ROTC units on campus as part of the V-12 Navy College Training Program. Soon after the installation there were only a few hundred civilian students at Notre Dame. O'Donnell also continued O'Hara's work with the graduate school.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-39", "score": 0.6505327224731445, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-40", "score": 0.6505327224731445, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-41", "score": 0.6505327224731445, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-114", "score": 0.6785258650779724, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6441680192947388, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-185", "score": 0.6325325965881348, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-186", "score": 0.6325325965881348, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-187", "score": 0.6325325965881348, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-188", "score": 0.6325325965881348, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-189", "score": 0.6325325965881348, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1858639", "score": 0.615609884262085, "text": "California Institute of Technology The California Institute of Technology (abbreviated Caltech) is a private doctorate-granting research university located in Pasadena, California, United States. Known for its strength in natural science and engineering, Caltech is often ranked as one of the world's top-ten universities. Although founded as a preparatory and vocational school by Amos G. Throop in 1891, the college attracted influential scientists such as George Ellery Hale, Arthur Amos Noyes and Robert Andrews Millikan in the early 20th century. The vocational and preparatory schools were disbanded and spun off in 1910 and the college assumed its present name in 1921.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-153", "score": 0.6093879342079163, "text": "The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a \"B\" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-154", "score": 0.6093879342079163, "text": "The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a \"B\" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-155", "score": 0.6093879342079163, "text": "The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a \"B\" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-156", "score": 0.6093879342079163, "text": "The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a \"B\" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3798148", "score": 0.6063385605812073, "text": "Dublin Zoo Dublin Zoo (), in Phoenix Park, Dublin, is a zoo in Ireland, and one of Dublin's most popular attractions. Established and designed in 1830 by Decimus Burton, it opened the following year. The zoo describes its role as conservation, study, and education. Its stated mission is to \"work in partnership with zoos worldwide to make a significant contribution to the conservation of the endangered species on Earth\". Covering over of Phoenix Park, it is divided into areas named Asian Forests, Orangutan Forest, The Kaziranga Forest Trail, Fringes of the Arctic, Sea Lion Cove, African Plains, Roberts House, House", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-898057", "score": 0.6057011485099792, "text": "Duke University Duke University is a private research university in Durham, North Carolina. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892. In 1924, tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father, Washington Duke. Duke's campus spans over on three contiguous campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort. The main campus—designed largely by architect Julian Abele—incorporates Gothic architecture with the Duke Chapel at the campus' center and highest point of", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-3658106", "score": 0.6047958135604858, "text": "Advanced Ethics at Villanova University. John L. Hennessy, president of Stanford University earned a Bachelor's in Electrical Engineering, and Deirdre Imus, head of the Deirdre Imus Environmental Center for Pediatric Oncology (and wife to radio host Don Imus) is also a graduate. Sean Carroll, a cosmologist and science popularizer, obtained his bachelor's degree here. Villanova University Villanova University is a private research university in Radnor Township, Pennsylvania. Named after Saint Thomas of Villanova, the school is the oldest Catholic university in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Founded in 1842 by the Order of Saint Augustine, the university traces its roots to", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.6046102046966553, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.6046102046966553, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.6046102046966553, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.6046102046966553, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.6046102046966553, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-4023192", "score": 0.6033473014831543, "text": "in biochemical weaponry. Pasteur Institute The Pasteur Institute () is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who made some of the greatest breakthroughs in modern medicine at the time, including pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies. The institute was founded on June 4, 1887, and inaugurated on November 14, 1888. For over a century, the Institut Pasteur has been at the forefront of the battle against infectious disease. This worldwide biomedical research organization based in Paris was the first to isolate HIV, the virus", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-115", "score": 0.6648945212364197, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2303061", "score": 0.6315436363220215, "text": "in 2010, when St. Mary's administration decided to cut ties. Since 2011, it moved to Stepan Center on the campus of Notre Dame. In recent years, the skits of the show have parodied and made fun mostly of campus life and stereotypes, have been less harsh, and have caused less controversy. The show is the signature event of Keenan Hall. Three shows are offered on consecutive Thursday, Friday, and Saturday in February. The show is loved by the student body, and ticket distribution is an event in itself, always drawing large crowds, with tickets running out in minutes. With an", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3499228", "score": 0.6313400268554688, "text": "Some student centers carry unique origins and historical significance with some on the National Register of Historic Places. The William Pitt Union was originally constructed in 1898 as a hotel and was converted into a student center in 1956. Some student activity centers on the NRHP include O'Hara Student Center (University of Pittsburgh), McKenny Hall (Eastern Michigan University), and the Tivoli Student Union. The Tivoli Student Union was originally home to the Trevoli Brewing Company but since has been converted to serve several institutions in Denver, Colorado. In 2007, the University of Vermont's student center became the first LEED Gold", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3094341", "score": 0.6304804682731628, "text": "Notre Dame High School (New Jersey) Hawaiian / Pacific Islander and 1.9% two or more races. Built in 1957, Notre Dame High School is located in Lawrenceville, near Princeton University, Rider University, The College of New Jersey, The Lawrenceville School, and Hun School of Princeton. The Catholic Diocese of Trenton also neighbors the school. The main building itself is square in shape, housing classrooms on two floors. Its mascot is the \"Irish\", usually displayed on athletic wear as a shamrock affixed to \"ND\". The current president is Mary Liz Ivins, accompanied by principal Joanna Barlow, senior vice president Maggie Kelly, vice president Donna Grabowski, assistant principals", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3435760", "score": 0.6304804682731628, "text": "Notre Dame High School (New Jersey) Hawaiian / Pacific Islander and 1.9% two or more races. Built in 1957, Notre Dame High School is located in Lawrenceville, near Princeton University, Rider University, The College of New Jersey, The Lawrenceville School, and Hun School of Princeton. The Catholic Diocese of Trenton also neighbors the school. The main building itself is square in shape, housing classrooms on two floors. Its mascot is the \"Irish\", usually displayed on athletic wear as a shamrock affixed to \"ND\". The current president is Mary Liz Ivins, accompanied by principal Joanna Barlow, senior vice president Maggie Kelly, vice president Donna Grabowski, assistant principals", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-651405", "score": 0.6301103234291077, "text": "Notre Dame Law School were designed by famous architect Charles Donagh Maginnis and the buildings serve as a prominent example of collegiate Gothic architecture. The Kresge Law Library is located in Biochini Hall, while most of the classrooms are in Eck Hall. Funding for the law library was provided by businessman S.S. Kresge, the founder of what is now Sears Holding Corporation. The Law School also hosts a legal aid clinic in South Bend. Despite having smaller graduating classes than most of America's top law schools, Notre Dame's alumni roster includes a range of distinguished jurists, advocates, politicians, and business leaders. Notable current faculty", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-577440", "score": 0.6300420165061951, "text": "Fall River granite The school opened in the fall of 1900 and was known at the time as Notre Dame College. The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The school closed in June 2008. Notre Dame School (Fall River, Massachusetts) Notre Dame School is a historic former school building located at 34 St. Joseph's Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. It was built in 1899, and designed by local architect and parish member Louis G. Destremps, who also designed the nearby St. Joseph's Orphanage and Notre Dame de Lourdes Church. The large three story brick", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1926708", "score": 0.6300420165061951, "text": "Fall River granite The school opened in the fall of 1900 and was known at the time as Notre Dame College. The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The school closed in June 2008. Notre Dame School (Fall River, Massachusetts) Notre Dame School is a historic former school building located at 34 St. Joseph's Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. It was built in 1899, and designed by local architect and parish member Louis G. Destremps, who also designed the nearby St. Joseph's Orphanage and Notre Dame de Lourdes Church. The large three story brick", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-3264916", "score": 0.6300420165061951, "text": "Fall River granite The school opened in the fall of 1900 and was known at the time as Notre Dame College. The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The school closed in June 2008. Notre Dame School (Fall River, Massachusetts) Notre Dame School is a historic former school building located at 34 St. Joseph's Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. It was built in 1899, and designed by local architect and parish member Louis G. Destremps, who also designed the nearby St. Joseph's Orphanage and Notre Dame de Lourdes Church. The large three story brick", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-561610", "score": 0.629561185836792, "text": "Notre Dame Fighting Irish is a matter of much debate and legend. One possibility is that the nickname is inherited from Irish immigrant soldiers who fought in the Civil War with the Union's Irish Brigade. Notre Dame's claim to the nickname would seem to come from the presence of Fr. William Corby, CSC, the third president of Notre Dame, who was at the Battle of Gettysburg. Fr. Corby served as chaplain of the Irish Brigade and granted general absolution to the troops in the midst of the battle. This is commemorated in the painting \"Absolution Under Fire,\" part of Notre Dame's permanent art collection.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2669115", "score": 0.6290486454963684, "text": "who also later was elected President of Ireland, seeking for the street to be renamed Rue de l'Europe. Kildare Street Kildare Street () is a well-known street in Dublin, the capital city of Ireland close to the principal shopping area of Grafton Street and Dawson Street, to which it is joined by Molesworth Street. Some Irish government departments have their offices on this street but Leinster House, the current seat of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament), built by Richard Cassels in 1745 is Kildare Street's most important building. The \"Archaeology and History\" section of the National Museum of Ireland and the", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-4033305", "score": 0.6286876201629639, "text": "other entertainment complexes, hurling at the park was the main entertainment. The GAA ran the park for about 10 years until it was forced into bankruptcy, after which the city took over the land. The property was then leased again in 1941 to John \"Kerry\" O’Donnell, who with the help of his family and friends ran the park, dance hall, and tavern. For several years, it was called \"Croke Park\" after the key GAA park in Dublin. The park was taken over by Manhattan College in 1991, and currently goes under the official name of The Gaelic Park Sports Center.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2038218", "score": 0.6283824443817139, "text": "History of New York University the School of Law, NYU's first professional school, was established. The university has been popularly known as New York University since its beginning. The school was officially renamed New York University in 1896. Clinton Hall, situated in New York’s bustling and noisy commercial district, would only be NYU's home for a few years, as administrators searched uptown for a more suitable and permanent academic environment. For example, the administrators looked towards bucolic Greenwich Village. Land was purchased on the east side of Washington Square and, in 1833, construction began on the \"Old University Building,\" a grand, Gothic structure that would", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2612447", "score": 0.6283824443817139, "text": "History of New York University the School of Law, NYU's first professional school, was established. The university has been popularly known as New York University since its beginning. The school was officially renamed New York University in 1896. Clinton Hall, situated in New York’s bustling and noisy commercial district, would only be NYU's home for a few years, as administrators searched uptown for a more suitable and permanent academic environment. For example, the administrators looked towards bucolic Greenwich Village. Land was purchased on the east side of Washington Square and, in 1833, construction began on the \"Old University Building,\" a grand, Gothic structure that would", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2971887", "score": 0.6282916069030762, "text": "St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan) In the late 1930s and early 1940s, there was a renovation of the cathedral's main altar area under the guidance of Archbishop Francis Spellman, who later became cardinal. The previous high altar and reredos were removed and are now located at Spellman's alma mater, Fordham University, in the University Church. The new items include the sanctuary bronze baldachin and the rose stained glass window. The altar was further renovated in the 1980s, under the direction of Cardinal John Joseph O'Connor. To be more visible to the congregation, a stone altar was built from sections of the side altars and added", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3449085", "score": 0.6282916069030762, "text": "St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan) In the late 1930s and early 1940s, there was a renovation of the cathedral's main altar area under the guidance of Archbishop Francis Spellman, who later became cardinal. The previous high altar and reredos were removed and are now located at Spellman's alma mater, Fordham University, in the University Church. The new items include the sanctuary bronze baldachin and the rose stained glass window. The altar was further renovated in the 1980s, under the direction of Cardinal John Joseph O'Connor. To be more visible to the congregation, a stone altar was built from sections of the side altars and added", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3546054", "score": 0.6282916069030762, "text": "St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan) In the late 1930s and early 1940s, there was a renovation of the cathedral's main altar area under the guidance of Archbishop Francis Spellman, who later became cardinal. The previous high altar and reredos were removed and are now located at Spellman's alma mater, Fordham University, in the University Church. The new items include the sanctuary bronze baldachin and the rose stained glass window. The altar was further renovated in the 1980s, under the direction of Cardinal John Joseph O'Connor. To be more visible to the congregation, a stone altar was built from sections of the side altars and added", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2334480", "score": 0.6282908916473389, "text": "Notre Dame Preparatory School (Towson, Maryland) of Maryland University) and to meet the growing demand for classroom space, the school moved in 1960 to the current Hampton Lane campus in the Hampton neighborhood of Towson, Maryland. In 2010, the school celebrated its 50th Anniversary on the Hampton Lane campus with a parade of students and a Mass led by Jesuit Father James McAndrews. Students, wearing the traditional uniform including the blue dress, blazer and saddle shoes, processed into the Mass carrying each class banner the school has hosted since its move to the Hampton Lane campus. Many of the school’s oldest traditions were mentioned in the", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3296698", "score": 0.6281551718711853, "text": "University of Notre Dame residence halls other social events. As of 2015, due to pressure from the university, the roofsit was discontinued. A big \"F\" letter hangs on the side of the hall. The original insignia was placed in the 80s but was stolen by the residents of Pangborn Hall in 1991. It was replaced with a bigger plastic letter. Howard Hall, a female dorm, is located north of South Dining Hall on University of Notre Dame's South Quad, and is immediately surrounded by Badin Hall on the east, Morrissey Manor on the west, and Bond Hall on the north. Howard Hall is one of the", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3140392", "score": 0.6276947855949402, "text": "Notre Dame College, Dhaka Notre Dame College was first established at Laxmibazaar, Old Dhaka in November, 1949 with the name \"St. Gregory College\". In 1954-55, the institution was transferred to Arambagh, Motijheel from its initial location of Dhaka with the present name – \"Notre Dame\", referring to Mary or Maryam, mother of Jesus Christ. It was established by the Roman Catholic Priests from the Congregation of Holy Cross because of the crisis in the education sector of newborn East Pakistan. It was known as the St. Gregory College, an extension of the St. Gregory's School, which was also established by the mission. It was", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2314816", "score": 0.6270561218261719, "text": "(ostensibly as of August 2018). It is unknown when, if ever, their operation will resume. O'Shaughnessy Dam (Ohio) The O'Shaughnessy Dam is located on the Scioto River near Dublin, Ohio, United States. The dam forms O'Shaughnessy Reservoir, which is a major source of drinking water for the city of Columbus. It was completed in 1925 following recommendations of then superintendent Jerry O'Shaughnessy (for whom the dam was named). At the time, the reservoir was described as \"the finest inland waterway in the United States.\" Located upstream of the smaller Griggs Dam, it provides a large area for various forms of", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-116", "score": 0.6012372374534607, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1843305", "score": 0.5711323618888855, "text": "Gerald Ford School. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, he enlisted in the U.S. Naval Reserve, serving from 1942 to 1946; he left as a lieutenant commander. Ford began his political career in 1949 as the U.S. Representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district. He served in this capacity for 25 years, the final nine of them as the House Minority Leader. Following the resignation of Spiro Agnew, Ford was the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment. After the resignation of Richard Nixon, Ford automatically assumed the presidency. His 895 day-long presidency is the shortest", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3131095", "score": 0.5711323618888855, "text": "Gerald Ford School. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, he enlisted in the U.S. Naval Reserve, serving from 1942 to 1946; he left as a lieutenant commander. Ford began his political career in 1949 as the U.S. Representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district. He served in this capacity for 25 years, the final nine of them as the House Minority Leader. Following the resignation of Spiro Agnew, Ford was the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment. After the resignation of Richard Nixon, Ford automatically assumed the presidency. His 895 day-long presidency is the shortest", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1520099", "score": 0.571125864982605, "text": "Tom Ridge 1996, and served as a close advisor to GOP presidential nominee George W. Bush, a close friend from their simultaneous tenures as governors, during the 2000 presidential campaign. In return, Bush named Ridge to his short list for possible running mates, along with New York Governor George Pataki, Michigan Governor John Engler, Oklahoma Governor Frank Keating, former Missouri Senator John Danforth, and former American Red Cross President Elizabeth Dole. Following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, U.S. President George W. Bush created the Office of Homeland Security within the White House, and named Ridge to head it. The charge to", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2541702", "score": 0.571125864982605, "text": "Tom Ridge 1996, and served as a close advisor to GOP presidential nominee George W. Bush, a close friend from their simultaneous tenures as governors, during the 2000 presidential campaign. In return, Bush named Ridge to his short list for possible running mates, along with New York Governor George Pataki, Michigan Governor John Engler, Oklahoma Governor Frank Keating, former Missouri Senator John Danforth, and former American Red Cross President Elizabeth Dole. Following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, U.S. President George W. Bush created the Office of Homeland Security within the White House, and named Ridge to head it. The charge to", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-395726", "score": 0.5711211562156677, "text": "Leon Hart the Heisman Trophy, a national championship, and be the first overall pick in the NFL draft all in the same one-year span. Hart was born in Pittsburgh in 1928 raised in nearby Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania, and attended Turtle Creek High School. He won varsity letters in football, basketball and baseball while in high school. Hart attended the University of Notre Dame where he played college football at the end position, both offense and defense, for Frank Leahy's Fighting Irish football teams from 1946 to 1949. He received first-team All-American honors three times, from the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA)", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-757661", "score": 0.571106493473053, "text": "Duane E. Dewey wound to the stomach. After treatment of his wounds in Korea, Dewey was evacuated to the U.S. Naval Hospital in Yokosuka, Japan, and then to the U.S. Naval Hospitals at Mare Island, California, and Great Lakes, Illinois. Following his recuperation at Great Lakes, he was released from active duty on August 19, 1952. On March 12, 1953, Dewey was the first person to receive the Medal of Honor from President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After presenting the medal to Dewey during the ceremony at the White House, Eisenhower said to him, \"You must have a body of steel.\" Dewey's military awards", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2095556", "score": 0.5710959434509277, "text": "Sherwood Dixon to the 1952 Democratic National Convention and an alternate delegate to the 1940 and 1956 Democratic national conventions. He is best known for serving as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Illinois, under Governor Adlai Stevenson II, from January 10, 1949, to January 13, 1953. Governor Stevenson sought re-election in 1952, and won the Democratic primary, however he was subsequently drafted as the Democratic presidential nominee that year (losing ultimately to Republican nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower). Dixon, who was already serving as Lieutenant Governor, replaced Stevenson as the Democratic gubernatorial nominee, but went on to lose to the Republican nominee, State", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2289752", "score": 0.5710959434509277, "text": "Sherwood Dixon to the 1952 Democratic National Convention and an alternate delegate to the 1940 and 1956 Democratic national conventions. He is best known for serving as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Illinois, under Governor Adlai Stevenson II, from January 10, 1949, to January 13, 1953. Governor Stevenson sought re-election in 1952, and won the Democratic primary, however he was subsequently drafted as the Democratic presidential nominee that year (losing ultimately to Republican nominee Dwight D. Eisenhower). Dixon, who was already serving as Lieutenant Governor, replaced Stevenson as the Democratic gubernatorial nominee, but went on to lose to the Republican nominee, State", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3562974", "score": 0.5710794925689697, "text": "John Francis O'Hara to \"acquaint the public with the ideals that dominate\" Notre Dame. He wrote, \"Notre Dame football is a spiritual service because it is played for the honor and glory of God and of his Blessed Mother. When St. Paul said: 'Whether you eat or drink, or whatsoever else you do, do all for the glory of God,' he included football.\" On December 11, 1939, O'Hara was appointed by Pope Pius XII as an Auxiliary Bishop of the United States Military Ordinariate, which served the spiritual needs of the nation's armed forces, as well as the Titular Bishop of \"Milasa\". He", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2493432", "score": 0.5710558295249939, "text": "President of Ireland brought to St Patrick's Cathedral for a Divine Service. In the 1970s instead of separate denominational ceremonies a single ecumenical multi-faith service was held in the Cathedral of the faith of the President-elect. Some additional religious ceremonies also featured: President-elect Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh attended a prayer ceremony in a synagogue in Dublin to reflect his longstanding relationship with the Jewish Community in Ireland. In 1983, to reduce the costs of the day in a period of economic retrenchment, the separate religious blessing ceremony was incorporated into the inauguration ceremony itself, with the President-elect blessed by representatives of the Roman Catholic", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3126654", "score": 0.5710488557815552, "text": "Dayton, Ohio as well as a park. The Old Court House has been a favored political campaign stop. On September 17, 1859, Abraham Lincoln delivered an address on its steps. Eight other presidents have visited the courthouse, either as presidents or during presidential campaigns: Andrew Johnson, James Garfield, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton. In 2009, the CareSource Management Group finished construction of a $55 million corporate headquarters in downtown Dayton. The , 10-story building was downtown's first new office tower in more than a decade. Dayton's two tallest buildings are the Kettering", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2327387", "score": 0.5710406303405762, "text": "University, Hayes and Orton Halls reconstructed in its place, taking an almost exact outward copy of the original building, but updating the inner workings. It was completed in 1976. The building is named after President Rutherford B. Hayes, who was also the governor of Ohio and advocated for a newly established land-grant university in Ohio. The construction date for Hayes Hall is 1893, making it the oldest remaining building on the Ohio State University campus. Built as a wood frame structure with a brick exterior that includes a distinctive carved stone archway at the center of its front façade, the original building included a basement", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-445198", "score": 0.57100510597229, "text": "joining the PSAC in 2013-14, UPJ competed as a member of the West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference and hosted that conference's baseball championship tournament at Point Stadium in the 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2012 seasons. The Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference also held its conference baseball tournament at the stadium in 2010 and 2011. During the last weeks of the presidential campaign in October 1948, President Harry Truman gave a major speech at The movie \"All The Right Moves\" was filmed in Johnstown and featured Tom Cruise, Craig T. Nelson, and Lea Thompson. The high school football game scenes were shot", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1051839", "score": 0.57100510597229, "text": "joining the PSAC in 2013-14, UPJ competed as a member of the West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference and hosted that conference's baseball championship tournament at Point Stadium in the 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2012 seasons. The Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference also held its conference baseball tournament at the stadium in 2010 and 2011. During the last weeks of the presidential campaign in October 1948, President Harry Truman gave a major speech at The movie \"All The Right Moves\" was filmed in Johnstown and featured Tom Cruise, Craig T. Nelson, and Lea Thompson. The high school football game scenes were shot", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1204579", "score": 0.57100510597229, "text": "joining the PSAC in 2013-14, UPJ competed as a member of the West Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference and hosted that conference's baseball championship tournament at Point Stadium in the 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2012 seasons. The Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference also held its conference baseball tournament at the stadium in 2010 and 2011. During the last weeks of the presidential campaign in October 1948, President Harry Truman gave a major speech at The movie \"All The Right Moves\" was filmed in Johnstown and featured Tom Cruise, Craig T. Nelson, and Lea Thompson. The high school football game scenes were shot", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1928205", "score": 0.5709915161132812, "text": "1944 United States elections college for the fourth straight election and won the popular vote by seven and a half points, his lowest margin. Roosevelt easily won his party's nomination, while Dewey took the Republican nomination on the first ballot over Ohio Governor John W. Bricker, who would be nominated for vice president. Future president Harry S. Truman won the Democratic nomination for vice president, replacing Henry A. Wallace on the Democratic ballot. The Democrats picked up a net gain of 20 seats in the House, increasing their majority, 242–191 (not included are two seats held by minor parties). Although the Democrats suffered a", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3393151", "score": 0.5709454417228699, "text": "Tribune Media in 1948, the Tribune Company purchased the paper and operated it until 1954, when the \"Times-Herald\" was absorbed by \"The Washington Post\". Expecting a printer's strike in November 1948, the \"Tribune\" printed their paper early, incorrectly proclaiming \"Dewey Defeats Truman\" in the 1948 presidential election. Tribune entered into the television industry, then in its infancy, in 1948, with the establishments of WGN-TV in Chicago in April and WPIX in New York City in June of that year. In 1956, the Tribune Company purchased the \"Chicago American\" from William Randolph Hearst. In the 1960s, the company entered the fast-growing Florida market,", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2426043", "score": 0.5709027647972107, "text": "Historical characters in the Southern Victory Series a Democratic Senator from Missouri who was selected by New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey as the Democratic VP candidate in 1944. The Dewey-Truman ticket defeated the incumbent President Charles W. La Follette. In announcing the Democratic victory, Truman had a copy of the \"Chicago Tribune\" that had the inaccurate headline \"La Follete Beats Dewey\". Truman made an appearance in occupied Florida to speak to U.S. soldiers before his inauguration as Vice President. He made it clear to the locals that the United States would be firm in the former Confederate States, but that they would be no firmer than", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2885891", "score": 0.5708882212638855, "text": "H. Murray served as Chief Marshall for the parade in 1901. The state of Massachusetts recognized Evacuation Day as a holiday in Suffolk County (but not the rest of the state) in 1938. The Saint Patrick’s Day Parade is both a celebration of the Irish-American culture in Boston and the Evacuation Day victory. The City of Boston sponsored the event until 1947, when Mayor James Michael Curley gave authority to the South Boston Allied War Veterans Council. Politicians and local celebrities have participated in these annual Saint Patrick’s Day Parade for years. In 1958 Senator John F. Kennedy rode with", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2668930", "score": 0.5708542466163635, "text": "William J. Brennan Jr. the Supreme Court of New Jersey. Brennan was named to the U.S. Supreme Court through a recess appointment by Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956, shortly before the 1956 presidential election. Presidential advisers thought the appointment of a Roman Catholic Democrat from the Northeast would woo critical voters in the upcoming re-election campaign for Eisenhower, a Republican. Brennan gained the attention of Herbert Brownell, United States Attorney General and Eisenhower's chief legal affairs adviser, when Brennan had to give a speech at a conference (as a substitute for New Jersey Supreme Court Chief Justice Vanderbilt). To Brownell, Brennan's speech seemed to", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-117", "score": 0.6550042629241943, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-68", "score": 0.6091261506080627, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-69", "score": 0.6091261506080627, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-70", "score": 0.6091261506080627, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-71", "score": 0.6091261506080627, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-72", "score": 0.6091261506080627, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-153", "score": 0.6022368669509888, "text": "The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a \"B\" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-154", "score": 0.6022368669509888, "text": "The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a \"B\" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-155", "score": 0.6022368669509888, "text": "The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a \"B\" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-156", "score": 0.6022368669509888, "text": "The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a \"B\" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-185", "score": 0.6012628674507141, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-186", "score": 0.6012628674507141, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-187", "score": 0.6012628674507141, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-188", "score": 0.6012628674507141, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-189", "score": 0.6012628674507141, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.5983085036277771, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-31", "score": 0.5922335982322693, "text": "The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-32", "score": 0.5922335982322693, "text": "The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-33", "score": 0.5922335982322693, "text": "The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-29", "score": 0.5921664237976074, "text": "The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-30", "score": 0.5921664237976074, "text": "The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-118", "score": 0.7044904828071594, "text": "The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3400144", "score": 0.649520993232727, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Rev. Theodore Martin Hesburgh, CSC (May 25, 1917 – February 26, 2015) was a native of Syracuse, New York, who became an ordained priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross and is best known for his service as the president of the University of Notre Dame for thirty-five years (1952–1987). In addition to his career as an educator and author, Hesburgh was a public servant and social activist involved in numerous American civic and governmental initiatives, commissions, and international humanitarian projects. Hesburgh received numerous honors and awards for his service, most notably the United States's Presidential Medal of", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-798056", "score": 0.6418299078941345, "text": "Charles E. Rice Charles Edward Rice (August 7, 1931 – February 25, 2015) was an American legal scholar, Catholic apologist, and author of several books. He is best known for his career at the Notre Dame Law School at Notre Dame, Indiana. He began teaching there in 1969, and in 2000 earned professor emeritus status. He continued to teach an elective course called \"Morality and the Law\" each year in retirement. He lived with his wife, Mary, in Mishawaka, Indiana. They had 10 children and 41 grandchildren. Rice died a day before former Notre Dame President Father Theodore Hesburgh. The", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3527547", "score": 0.607296347618103, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh which occurred in 1972. During his presidency (1952–87), the annual operating budget increased from $9.7 million to $176.6 million and the university's endowment increased from $9 million to $350 million. Research funding increased from $735,000 to $15 million. Student enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,676, and its faculty more than doubled from 389 to 951. The average faculty salary rose from $5,400 to $50,800. The number of degrees conferred annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,663. While Hesburgh was president, the university also initiated a forty new building projects, including the $8 million library with the famous \"Word of Life\"", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2990506", "score": 0.597538948059082, "text": "Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's exterior façade that faces the university's football stadium includes a large, by mural called \"The Word of Life,\" or more commonly known as \"Touchdown Jesus.\" As of 2009, the library ranked as the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States with an estimated", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-245118", "score": 0.5970606207847595, "text": "Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's exterior façade that faces the university's football stadium includes a large, by mural called \"The Word of Life,\" or more commonly known as \"Touchdown Jesus.\" As of 2009, the library ranked as the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States with an estimated", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-571092", "score": 0.5970606207847595, "text": "Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's exterior façade that faces the university's football stadium includes a large, by mural called \"The Word of Life,\" or more commonly known as \"Touchdown Jesus.\" As of 2009, the library ranked as the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States with an estimated", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-720437", "score": 0.5884110331535339, "text": "not keep still long enough for the film to properly develop. Hejnek died March 1, 1908, at the age of 108, and at the time was the last known person born in the 1700s. This left Salome Sellers as the last surviving person from the 18th century (which included the year 1800). Augusta Hejnek Augustinam \"Augusta\" Hejnek (December 25, 1799 – March 1, 1908) was a German centenarian who was the last known surviving person from the 1700s. Hejnek was born on December 25, 1799. She arrived in the United States in 1870, where she lived in Chicago. She then", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1943149", "score": 0.5884110331535339, "text": "not keep still long enough for the film to properly develop. Hejnek died March 1, 1908, at the age of 108, and at the time was the last known person born in the 1700s. This left Salome Sellers as the last surviving person from the 18th century (which included the year 1800). Augusta Hejnek Augustinam \"Augusta\" Hejnek (December 25, 1799 – March 1, 1908) was a German centenarian who was the last known surviving person from the 1700s. Hejnek was born on December 25, 1799. She arrived in the United States in 1870, where she lived in Chicago. She then", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1573035", "score": 0.5872652530670166, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh for his public service. In 1964 President Johnson awarded Hesburgh the Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest honor. In 2000 Hesburgh was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, the first person from higher education to receive the honor. On September 1, 2017, the United States Postal Service (USPS) released a First Class postage stamp honoring Father Hesburgh in the year of the 100th anniversary of his birthday. The release ceremony was held at Joyce Center at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Hesburgh's awards include, among many others: In a flight that took place on February 28, 1979,", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3350892", "score": 0.5847980976104736, "text": "degree, and Theodore owns and manages a bank in Oregon. After Phyllis's death, Davenport moved to Los Angeles and lived with his now-grown children. He died of a sudden heart attack at age 83, one hour after he asked his agent Walter Herzbrun about a new film role. In the obituary, a newspaper called him the \"white-haired character actor\" with \"the longest acting career in American history\". Harry Davenport (actor) Harold George Bryant Davenport (January 19, 1866August 9, 1949) was an American film and stage actor who worked in show business from the age of six until his death. After", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-4073023", "score": 0.5828642845153809, "text": "his family into the 2,345 Sq Ft house. The Cotter-Phillips family lived in the house until the death of Marie C. Phillips, the 96-year-old daughter of James H. Cotter. The Cotters were the longest running owners due in part to Frederick J. Phillips (Ted), (Marie C. Phillips Son) whom attended to the business and personal matters of his Mother and the Newman-Cotter House. Ted graduated from Fairport High School and attended The Rochester Business Institute (RBI) lettering in Football, Basketball, and Baseball.Soon after graduation, Ted began working for the U.S. Postal Service as a letter carrier, however, in 1942, he", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3504244", "score": 0.5826696157455444, "text": "his family into the 2,345 Sq Ft house. The Cotter-Phillips family lived in the house until the death of Marie C. Phillips, the 96-year-old daughter of James H. Cotter. The Cotters were the longest running owners due in part to Frederick J. Phillips (Ted), (Marie C. Phillips Son) whom attended to the business and personal matters of his Mother and the Newman-Cotter House. Ted graduated from Fairport High School and attended The Rochester Business Institute (RBI) lettering in Football, Basketball, and Baseball.Soon after graduation, Ted began working for the U.S. Postal Service as a letter carrier, however, in 1942, he", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-4083323", "score": 0.5811876058578491, "text": "wide. The mural's image of Jesus, visible from Notre Dame's football stadium, has arms raised in the same fashion as a referee signifying a touchdown. From this similarity came the mural's nickname, \"Touchdown Jesus\". A stadium expansion partially obscures views of the mural from the field. Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-3587792", "score": 0.5806139707565308, "text": "University of Notre Dame ever made to an American Catholic university. He also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of what Andrew Greeley calls a \"dramatic transformation.\" In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950,", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-588339", "score": 0.5790913105010986, "text": "Hesburgh Library chemistry, physics, and mathematics in 1953. In 1959 Father Theodore Hesburgh, the university's president, announced plans for construction of a new library. Ground was broken in 1961, with the Ellerbe Company of Saint Paul, Minnesota, as the project's architect. Construction took three years. Memorial Library officially opened on September 18, 1963. The finished structure, which is tall, is built on a site that encompasses . The interior of has two lower floors that serve as a base for a narrower and nearly windowless 13-story tower capped with a smaller penthouse. Interior floors have few walls and are supported by bare", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2509622", "score": 0.5784077644348145, "text": "Gore Vidal's cover testimonial to Butler's biography adds credence to the story. Vidal died, of complications from kidney cancer in 1969 in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 73, while on a trip around the world. His ashes were scattered at Fort Belvoir, which had been Camp A.A. Humphreys and his first posting after graduation from West Point. Eugene Luther Vidal Eugene Luther \"Gene\" Vidal (; April 13, 1895 – February 20, 1969) was an American commercial aviation pioneer, New Deal official, inventor and athlete. He was the father of author Gore Vidal. For eight years, from 1929 to", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-34", "score": 0.5755205750465393, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-35", "score": 0.5755205750465393, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-36", "score": 0.5755205750465393, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-37", "score": 0.5755205750465393, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-119", "score": 0.756679356098175, "text": "The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-128", "score": 0.7181922793388367, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-129", "score": 0.7181922793388367, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-130", "score": 0.7181922793388367, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-131", "score": 0.7181922793388367, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-132", "score": 0.7181922793388367, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-245118", "score": 0.7040281891822815, "text": "Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's exterior façade that faces the university's football stadium includes a large, by mural called \"The Word of Life,\" or more commonly known as \"Touchdown Jesus.\" As of 2009, the library ranked as the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States with an estimated", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-571092", "score": 0.7040281891822815, "text": "Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's exterior façade that faces the university's football stadium includes a large, by mural called \"The Word of Life,\" or more commonly known as \"Touchdown Jesus.\" As of 2009, the library ranked as the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States with an estimated", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2990506", "score": 0.703787624835968, "text": "Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's exterior façade that faces the university's football stadium includes a large, by mural called \"The Word of Life,\" or more commonly known as \"Touchdown Jesus.\" As of 2009, the library ranked as the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States with an estimated", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3527547", "score": 0.7026259303092957, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh which occurred in 1972. During his presidency (1952–87), the annual operating budget increased from $9.7 million to $176.6 million and the university's endowment increased from $9 million to $350 million. Research funding increased from $735,000 to $15 million. Student enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,676, and its faculty more than doubled from 389 to 951. The average faculty salary rose from $5,400 to $50,800. The number of degrees conferred annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,663. While Hesburgh was president, the university also initiated a forty new building projects, including the $8 million library with the famous \"Word of Life\"", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3400144", "score": 0.7025619745254517, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Rev. Theodore Martin Hesburgh, CSC (May 25, 1917 – February 26, 2015) was a native of Syracuse, New York, who became an ordained priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross and is best known for his service as the president of the University of Notre Dame for thirty-five years (1952–1987). In addition to his career as an educator and author, Hesburgh was a public servant and social activist involved in numerous American civic and governmental initiatives, commissions, and international humanitarian projects. Hesburgh received numerous honors and awards for his service, most notably the United States's Presidential Medal of", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3739915", "score": 0.6933063864707947, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Freedom (1964) and Congressional Gold Medal (2000). As of 2013, he also held the world's record for the individual with most honorary degrees with more than 150. Hesburgh is credited with bringing Notre Dame, long known for its football program, to the forefront of American Catholic universities and its transition to a nationally respected institution of higher education. He supervised the university's dramatic growth, as well as the successful transfer of its ownership from Holy Cross priests to the Notre Dame Board of Trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president, the university also became a coeducational institution. In addition", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1937977", "score": 0.6900602579116821, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh K. Simpson, U.S. senator Joe Donnelly, William G. Bowen, and a video message from President Barack Obama. Hesburgh's leadership as president of the University of Notre Dame brought it to the forefront of American Catholic universities. A \"Time\" magazine cover story from February 9, 1962, named him as \"the most influential figure in the reshaping of Catholic higher education in the U.S.\" Long known for its football program, Notre Dame also became known for its academics. Among his major accomplishments at Notre Dame, Hesburgh succeeded in transferring of ownership of Notre Dame from Holy Cross priests to the Notre Dame", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2533892", "score": 0.6751657724380493, "text": "has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains. LaFortune Student Center The LaFortune Student Center serves as the main student center at the University of Notre Dame. Built as Science Hall in 1883 under the direction of Fr. John Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1723650", "score": 0.671058177947998, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Board of Trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president, Notre Dame began admitting women, transforming the university into a coeducational institution in 1972. While Hesburgh was slow to recognize that Notre Dame's \"policies and practices unintentionally produced unequal outcomes,\" he took decisive action after its minority students challenged him to do so. By the 1970s Notre Dame was a \"much more diverse university than it had been ten years earlier.\" The university has named several buildings, scholarships, and academic programs in his honor, including the Hesburgh Library, the Hesburgh Institute for International Studies, which Hesburgh founded in 1985, the", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1837946", "score": 0.6707733273506165, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Board of Trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president, Notre Dame began admitting women, transforming the university into a coeducational institution in 1972. While Hesburgh was slow to recognize that Notre Dame's \"policies and practices unintentionally produced unequal outcomes,\" he took decisive action after its minority students challenged him to do so. By the 1970s Notre Dame was a \"much more diverse university than it had been ten years earlier.\" The university has named several buildings, scholarships, and academic programs in his honor, including the Hesburgh Library, the Hesburgh Institute for International Studies, which Hesburgh founded in 1985, the", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3471343", "score": 0.6707733273506165, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Board of Trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president, Notre Dame began admitting women, transforming the university into a coeducational institution in 1972. While Hesburgh was slow to recognize that Notre Dame's \"policies and practices unintentionally produced unequal outcomes,\" he took decisive action after its minority students challenged him to do so. By the 1970s Notre Dame was a \"much more diverse university than it had been ten years earlier.\" The university has named several buildings, scholarships, and academic programs in his honor, including the Hesburgh Library, the Hesburgh Institute for International Studies, which Hesburgh founded in 1985, the", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-133", "score": 0.6651150584220886, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-134", "score": 0.6651150584220886, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-135", "score": 0.6651150584220886, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-136", "score": 0.6651150584220886, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-120", "score": 0.7537388205528259, "text": "The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-4083323", "score": 0.6991887092590332, "text": "wide. The mural's image of Jesus, visible from Notre Dame's football stadium, has arms raised in the same fashion as a referee signifying a touchdown. From this similarity came the mural's nickname, \"Touchdown Jesus\". A stadium expansion partially obscures views of the mural from the field. Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2990506", "score": 0.6936619877815247, "text": "Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's exterior façade that faces the university's football stadium includes a large, by mural called \"The Word of Life,\" or more commonly known as \"Touchdown Jesus.\" As of 2009, the library ranked as the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States with an estimated", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-245118", "score": 0.6935359239578247, "text": "Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's exterior façade that faces the university's football stadium includes a large, by mural called \"The Word of Life,\" or more commonly known as \"Touchdown Jesus.\" As of 2009, the library ranked as the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States with an estimated", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-571092", "score": 0.6935359239578247, "text": "Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's exterior façade that faces the university's football stadium includes a large, by mural called \"The Word of Life,\" or more commonly known as \"Touchdown Jesus.\" As of 2009, the library ranked as the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States with an estimated", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3739915", "score": 0.6797566413879395, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Freedom (1964) and Congressional Gold Medal (2000). As of 2013, he also held the world's record for the individual with most honorary degrees with more than 150. Hesburgh is credited with bringing Notre Dame, long known for its football program, to the forefront of American Catholic universities and its transition to a nationally respected institution of higher education. He supervised the university's dramatic growth, as well as the successful transfer of its ownership from Holy Cross priests to the Notre Dame Board of Trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president, the university also became a coeducational institution. In addition", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-693990", "score": 0.6774354577064514, "text": "University of Notre Dame established to govern the University. The Fellows are a group of six Holy Cross religious and six lay members who have final say over the operation of the university. The Fellows vote on potential trustees and sign off on all major decisions by that body. The Trustees elect the president and provide general guidance and governance to the university. Notre Dame's financial endowment was started in the early 1920s by university president James Burns, and increased to US$7 million by 1952 when Hesburgh became president. By the 1980s it reached $150 million, and in 2000, it returned a record 57.9%", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3527547", "score": 0.6763248443603516, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh which occurred in 1972. During his presidency (1952–87), the annual operating budget increased from $9.7 million to $176.6 million and the university's endowment increased from $9 million to $350 million. Research funding increased from $735,000 to $15 million. Student enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,676, and its faculty more than doubled from 389 to 951. The average faculty salary rose from $5,400 to $50,800. The number of degrees conferred annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,663. While Hesburgh was president, the university also initiated a forty new building projects, including the $8 million library with the famous \"Word of Life\"", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2362283", "score": 0.6683357954025269, "text": "Father Hesburgh and Father Joyce Fathers Theodore Hesburgh and Edmund Joyce is an outdoor statue on the University of Notre Dame campus. Located on the South side of the Hesburgh Library facing the reflecting pool, the sculpture was designed and built by artist Lou Cella, a member of the Rotblatt-Amrany Fine Art Studio, and is currently owned by the University of Notre Dame. The larger than life bronze statue of Fathers Theodore Hesburgh and Edmund Joyce welcomes each and every visitor entering the south side of the Hesburgh Library. Father Joyce (left) stands 7-feet-4-inches in height, and Father Hesburgh (right)", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1937977", "score": 0.6621365547180176, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh K. Simpson, U.S. senator Joe Donnelly, William G. Bowen, and a video message from President Barack Obama. Hesburgh's leadership as president of the University of Notre Dame brought it to the forefront of American Catholic universities. A \"Time\" magazine cover story from February 9, 1962, named him as \"the most influential figure in the reshaping of Catholic higher education in the U.S.\" Long known for its football program, Notre Dame also became known for its academics. Among his major accomplishments at Notre Dame, Hesburgh succeeded in transferring of ownership of Notre Dame from Holy Cross priests to the Notre Dame", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-34", "score": 0.6554657220840454, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-35", "score": 0.6554657220840454, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-36", "score": 0.6554657220840454, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-37", "score": 0.6554657220840454, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-38", "score": 0.6554657220840454, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3655629", "score": 0.655319333076477, "text": "Hesburgh Library been installed. American artist Millard Sheets was commissioned to create a work large enough to cover the entire side of the library facing Notre Dame's football stadium. Fr. Theodore Hesburgh suggested that the theme should be saints and scholars through the ages. The artwork cost $200,000 and was donated by Mr. and Mrs. Howard V. Phalin of Winnetka, Illinois. Installation took place in the spring of 1964; the dedication ceremony was held on May 7, 1964. The mural is composed of 324 panels. Its creation employed 81 different stones from 16 countries in 171 finishes that included 46 granites and", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-128", "score": 0.6546123623847961, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-129", "score": 0.6546123623847961, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-130", "score": 0.6546123623847961, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-131", "score": 0.6546123623847961, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-132", "score": 0.6546123623847961, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-121", "score": 0.722262978553772, "text": "The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3739915", "score": 0.6830687522888184, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Freedom (1964) and Congressional Gold Medal (2000). As of 2013, he also held the world's record for the individual with most honorary degrees with more than 150. Hesburgh is credited with bringing Notre Dame, long known for its football program, to the forefront of American Catholic universities and its transition to a nationally respected institution of higher education. He supervised the university's dramatic growth, as well as the successful transfer of its ownership from Holy Cross priests to the Notre Dame Board of Trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president, the university also became a coeducational institution. In addition", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1937977", "score": 0.6769649982452393, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh K. Simpson, U.S. senator Joe Donnelly, William G. Bowen, and a video message from President Barack Obama. Hesburgh's leadership as president of the University of Notre Dame brought it to the forefront of American Catholic universities. A \"Time\" magazine cover story from February 9, 1962, named him as \"the most influential figure in the reshaping of Catholic higher education in the U.S.\" Long known for its football program, Notre Dame also became known for its academics. Among his major accomplishments at Notre Dame, Hesburgh succeeded in transferring of ownership of Notre Dame from Holy Cross priests to the Notre Dame", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.6710941195487976, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-34", "score": 0.6703275442123413, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-35", "score": 0.6703275442123413, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-36", "score": 0.6703275442123413, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-37", "score": 0.6703275442123413, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-38", "score": 0.6703275442123413, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1573035", "score": 0.6603966951370239, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh for his public service. In 1964 President Johnson awarded Hesburgh the Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest honor. In 2000 Hesburgh was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, the first person from higher education to receive the honor. On September 1, 2017, the United States Postal Service (USPS) released a First Class postage stamp honoring Father Hesburgh in the year of the 100th anniversary of his birthday. The release ceremony was held at Joyce Center at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Hesburgh's awards include, among many others: In a flight that took place on February 28, 1979,", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-798056", "score": 0.6603294014930725, "text": "Charles E. Rice Charles Edward Rice (August 7, 1931 – February 25, 2015) was an American legal scholar, Catholic apologist, and author of several books. He is best known for his career at the Notre Dame Law School at Notre Dame, Indiana. He began teaching there in 1969, and in 2000 earned professor emeritus status. He continued to teach an elective course called \"Morality and the Law\" each year in retirement. He lived with his wife, Mary, in Mishawaka, Indiana. They had 10 children and 41 grandchildren. Rice died a day before former Notre Dame President Father Theodore Hesburgh. The", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1723650", "score": 0.6595330834388733, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Board of Trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president, Notre Dame began admitting women, transforming the university into a coeducational institution in 1972. While Hesburgh was slow to recognize that Notre Dame's \"policies and practices unintentionally produced unequal outcomes,\" he took decisive action after its minority students challenged him to do so. By the 1970s Notre Dame was a \"much more diverse university than it had been ten years earlier.\" The university has named several buildings, scholarships, and academic programs in his honor, including the Hesburgh Library, the Hesburgh Institute for International Studies, which Hesburgh founded in 1985, the", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1837946", "score": 0.6593436002731323, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Board of Trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president, Notre Dame began admitting women, transforming the university into a coeducational institution in 1972. While Hesburgh was slow to recognize that Notre Dame's \"policies and practices unintentionally produced unequal outcomes,\" he took decisive action after its minority students challenged him to do so. By the 1970s Notre Dame was a \"much more diverse university than it had been ten years earlier.\" The university has named several buildings, scholarships, and academic programs in his honor, including the Hesburgh Library, the Hesburgh Institute for International Studies, which Hesburgh founded in 1985, the", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3471343", "score": 0.6593436002731323, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Board of Trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president, Notre Dame began admitting women, transforming the university into a coeducational institution in 1972. While Hesburgh was slow to recognize that Notre Dame's \"policies and practices unintentionally produced unequal outcomes,\" he took decisive action after its minority students challenged him to do so. By the 1970s Notre Dame was a \"much more diverse university than it had been ten years earlier.\" The university has named several buildings, scholarships, and academic programs in his honor, including the Hesburgh Library, the Hesburgh Institute for International Studies, which Hesburgh founded in 1985, the", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-693990", "score": 0.6587903499603271, "text": "University of Notre Dame established to govern the University. The Fellows are a group of six Holy Cross religious and six lay members who have final say over the operation of the university. The Fellows vote on potential trustees and sign off on all major decisions by that body. The Trustees elect the president and provide general guidance and governance to the university. Notre Dame's financial endowment was started in the early 1920s by university president James Burns, and increased to US$7 million by 1952 when Hesburgh became president. By the 1980s it reached $150 million, and in 2000, it returned a record 57.9%", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-850874", "score": 0.6565991044044495, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh under attack. For Notre Dame the climax of student unrest occurred in 1968–69. On February 17, 1969, Hesburgh took a controversial position in dealing with anti-Vietnam War student activism on campus when he issued an eight-page letter to the student body outlining the university's stance on protests. Hesburgh's letter stated that student protesters who violated the rights of others or disrupted the school's operations would be given fifteen minutes to cease and desist before facing suspension, or expulsion if they refused to disperse. Hesburgh's action provoked controversy and made national headlines. The letter was reprinted in the \"New York Times\",", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1034143", "score": 0.6564984321594238, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh under attack. For Notre Dame the climax of student unrest occurred in 1968–69. On February 17, 1969, Hesburgh took a controversial position in dealing with anti-Vietnam War student activism on campus when he issued an eight-page letter to the student body outlining the university's stance on protests. Hesburgh's letter stated that student protesters who violated the rights of others or disrupted the school's operations would be given fifteen minutes to cease and desist before facing suspension, or expulsion if they refused to disperse. Hesburgh's action provoked controversy and made national headlines. The letter was reprinted in the \"New York Times\",", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6551563143730164, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-190", "score": 0.6467186212539673, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-191", "score": 0.6467186212539673, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-192", "score": 0.6466426253318787, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-122", "score": 0.7149612903594971, "text": "The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950, and degrees awarded annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,500." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1937977", "score": 0.6769099831581116, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh K. Simpson, U.S. senator Joe Donnelly, William G. Bowen, and a video message from President Barack Obama. Hesburgh's leadership as president of the University of Notre Dame brought it to the forefront of American Catholic universities. A \"Time\" magazine cover story from February 9, 1962, named him as \"the most influential figure in the reshaping of Catholic higher education in the U.S.\" Long known for its football program, Notre Dame also became known for its academics. Among his major accomplishments at Notre Dame, Hesburgh succeeded in transferring of ownership of Notre Dame from Holy Cross priests to the Notre Dame", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-245118", "score": 0.6698575019836426, "text": "Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's exterior façade that faces the university's football stadium includes a large, by mural called \"The Word of Life,\" or more commonly known as \"Touchdown Jesus.\" As of 2009, the library ranked as the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States with an estimated", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-571092", "score": 0.6698575019836426, "text": "Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's exterior façade that faces the university's football stadium includes a large, by mural called \"The Word of Life,\" or more commonly known as \"Touchdown Jesus.\" As of 2009, the library ranked as the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States with an estimated", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2990506", "score": 0.6696858406066895, "text": "Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's exterior façade that faces the university's football stadium includes a large, by mural called \"The Word of Life,\" or more commonly known as \"Touchdown Jesus.\" As of 2009, the library ranked as the 61st largest collection among research universities in the United States with an estimated", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-4083323", "score": 0.6677884459495544, "text": "wide. The mural's image of Jesus, visible from Notre Dame's football stadium, has arms raised in the same fashion as a referee signifying a touchdown. From this similarity came the mural's nickname, \"Touchdown Jesus\". A stadium expansion partially obscures views of the mural from the field. Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-3527547", "score": 0.6590147614479065, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh which occurred in 1972. During his presidency (1952–87), the annual operating budget increased from $9.7 million to $176.6 million and the university's endowment increased from $9 million to $350 million. Research funding increased from $735,000 to $15 million. Student enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,676, and its faculty more than doubled from 389 to 951. The average faculty salary rose from $5,400 to $50,800. The number of degrees conferred annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,663. While Hesburgh was president, the university also initiated a forty new building projects, including the $8 million library with the famous \"Word of Life\"", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-128", "score": 0.6546376347541809, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-129", "score": 0.6546376347541809, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-130", "score": 0.6546376347541809, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-131", "score": 0.6546376347541809, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-132", "score": 0.6546376347541809, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1723650", "score": 0.6542882323265076, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Board of Trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president, Notre Dame began admitting women, transforming the university into a coeducational institution in 1972. While Hesburgh was slow to recognize that Notre Dame's \"policies and practices unintentionally produced unequal outcomes,\" he took decisive action after its minority students challenged him to do so. By the 1970s Notre Dame was a \"much more diverse university than it had been ten years earlier.\" The university has named several buildings, scholarships, and academic programs in his honor, including the Hesburgh Library, the Hesburgh Institute for International Studies, which Hesburgh founded in 1985, the", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.6540665626525879, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.6540665626525879, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.6540665626525879, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.6540665626525879, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.6540665626525879, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1837946", "score": 0.6540197730064392, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Board of Trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president, Notre Dame began admitting women, transforming the university into a coeducational institution in 1972. While Hesburgh was slow to recognize that Notre Dame's \"policies and practices unintentionally produced unequal outcomes,\" he took decisive action after its minority students challenged him to do so. By the 1970s Notre Dame was a \"much more diverse university than it had been ten years earlier.\" The university has named several buildings, scholarships, and academic programs in his honor, including the Hesburgh Library, the Hesburgh Institute for International Studies, which Hesburgh founded in 1985, the", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3471343", "score": 0.6540197730064392, "text": "Theodore Hesburgh Board of Trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president, Notre Dame began admitting women, transforming the university into a coeducational institution in 1972. While Hesburgh was slow to recognize that Notre Dame's \"policies and practices unintentionally produced unequal outcomes,\" he took decisive action after its minority students challenged him to do so. By the 1970s Notre Dame was a \"much more diverse university than it had been ten years earlier.\" The university has named several buildings, scholarships, and academic programs in his honor, including the Hesburgh Library, the Hesburgh Institute for International Studies, which Hesburgh founded in 1985, the", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-123", "score": 0.6509866714477539, "text": "Hesburgh is also credited with transforming the face of Notre Dame by making it a coeducational institution. In the mid-1960s Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution, an arrangement that added undergraduate women to a campus that already had a few women in the graduate schools. After extensive debate, merging with St. Mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. \"In American college education,\" explained the Rev. Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Dean of Arts and Letters, \"certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place.... In this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism.\" Thomas Blantz, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Vice President of Student Affairs, added that coeducation \"opened up a whole other pool of very bright students.\" Two of the male residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. In 1971 Mary Ann Proctor became the first female undergraduate; she transferred from St. Mary's College. In 1972 the first woman to graduate was Angela Sienko, who earned a bachelor's degree in marketing.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-123", "score": 0.6048040390014648, "text": "Hesburgh is also credited with transforming the face of Notre Dame by making it a coeducational institution. In the mid-1960s Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution, an arrangement that added undergraduate women to a campus that already had a few women in the graduate schools. After extensive debate, merging with St. Mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. \"In American college education,\" explained the Rev. Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Dean of Arts and Letters, \"certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place.... In this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism.\" Thomas Blantz, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Vice President of Student Affairs, added that coeducation \"opened up a whole other pool of very bright students.\" Two of the male residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. In 1971 Mary Ann Proctor became the first female undergraduate; she transferred from St. Mary's College. In 1972 the first woman to graduate was Angela Sienko, who earned a bachelor's degree in marketing." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-343226", "score": 0.5744851231575012, "text": "Martin University Martin University in Indianapolis, Indiana, was founded by Boniface Hardin and Jane Edward Schilling in 1977. The University's original mission to serve low-income, minority, and adult learners has not changed, although students from all backgrounds have always been welcome. Martin University employs a learning method known as andragogy, as opposed to pedagogy, where it involves adult learners in the learning process, encouraging them to bring their life and work experiences into classroom discussions. The original campus was at 35th Street and College Avenue. It moved to its current location on Avondale Place in the Martindale-Brightwood neighborhood in 1987.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-4051261", "score": 0.5744851231575012, "text": "Martin University Martin University in Indianapolis, Indiana, was founded by Boniface Hardin and Jane Edward Schilling in 1977. The University's original mission to serve low-income, minority, and adult learners has not changed, although students from all backgrounds have always been welcome. Martin University employs a learning method known as andragogy, as opposed to pedagogy, where it involves adult learners in the learning process, encouraging them to bring their life and work experiences into classroom discussions. The original campus was at 35th Street and College Avenue. It moved to its current location on Avondale Place in the Martindale-Brightwood neighborhood in 1987.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-684753", "score": 0.5744414925575256, "text": "Walsh University Walsh University is a 4-year private non-profit, coeducational, Roman Catholic university in North Canton, Ohio. In 2015, there were approximately 2,890 students. It was founded in 1960 by the Brothers of Christian Instruction, as a liberal arts college. Walsh College became Walsh University in 1993. The University offers more than 70 majors, and seven graduate programs including a Master of Science in Nursing, Master of Occupational Therapy and Doctorate of Physical Therapy. Walsh has a satellite campus in Castel Gandolfo, Italy. It is endorsed by The Newman Guide to Choosing a Catholic College. The school's namesake is Bishop", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2664481", "score": 0.5744297504425049, "text": "Grace Institute stenography to help women secure jobs in New York City’s rapidly growing business community. This training qualified women for the better paying positions in offices that were a welcome alternative to factory work. In 1902 the school had 1002 students with 497 in Dressmaking, 272 in Stenography and Type- writing, and 233 in Cooking. Over the years, the school evolved into a secretarial school that prepared young women for careers in the business world. From 1898 to 1962, over 70,000 women received training. In the early 1960s part of Fordham University was to be located in the new Lincoln Center", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2420439", "score": 0.5741965770721436, "text": "to 1852 he directed the \"Realschule\" in Eisenach according to his theories, but he retired in 1852 due to poor health, and died in 1858 in Wiesbaden. An 1844 pamphlet of his coined the term \"social pedagogy\", a broad concept of education, particularly influential in German pedagogy, that focuses on the acquisition of culture by society (rather than the acquisition of knowledge by individuals) as its key element. Karl Mager Karl Mager (January 1, 1810 – June 10, 1858) was a German educator. Mager was born in Gräfrath. He studied philology in Bonn, Berlin, and Paris, and stayed in Paris", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-3612270", "score": 0.5741903781890869, "text": "who come together to address how businesses can use design to explore emerging opportunities, and the Design Research Conference, organized by students, exploring emerging trends in design research. New Bauhaus - American School of Design The School of Design in Chicago The Institute of Design IIT Institute of Design IIT Institute of Design (ID) at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), founded as the New Bauhaus, is a graduate school teaching systemic, human-centered design. The IIT Institute of Design is a school of design founded in 1937 in Chicago by László Moholy-Nagy, a Bauhaus teacher (1923–1928). After a spell in", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-190", "score": 0.5741452574729919, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-191", "score": 0.5741452574729919, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-192", "score": 0.5740262866020203, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-193", "score": 0.5740262866020203, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-194", "score": 0.5740262866020203, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1685987", "score": 0.573957085609436, "text": "Progressive education and a program of physical development. Such was his success that he wrote a treatise on his methods, \"On the best and hitherto unknown method of teaching children of noblemen\". Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811) was the founder of the Schnepfenthal institution, a school dedicated to new modes of education (derived heavily from the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau). He wrote \"Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children\", one of the first books translated into English by Mary Wollstonecraft. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746–1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach. He founded several educational institutions", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2614168", "score": 0.573957085609436, "text": "Progressive education and a program of physical development. Such was his success that he wrote a treatise on his methods, \"On the best and hitherto unknown method of teaching children of noblemen\". Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811) was the founder of the Schnepfenthal institution, a school dedicated to new modes of education (derived heavily from the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau). He wrote \"Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children\", one of the first books translated into English by Mary Wollstonecraft. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746–1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach. He founded several educational institutions", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-3285307", "score": 0.573957085609436, "text": "Progressive education and a program of physical development. Such was his success that he wrote a treatise on his methods, \"On the best and hitherto unknown method of teaching children of noblemen\". Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811) was the founder of the Schnepfenthal institution, a school dedicated to new modes of education (derived heavily from the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau). He wrote \"Elements of Morality, for the Use of Children\", one of the first books translated into English by Mary Wollstonecraft. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746–1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach. He founded several educational institutions", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1683179", "score": 0.573418915271759, "text": "founding member of the National Academy of Engineering. In 1966 Terman played a central role in helping the Park Chung-hee Administration establish the Korea Advanced Institute of Science, which later became KAIST. Frederick Terman Frederick Emmons Terman (; June 7, 1900 – December 19, 1982) was an American professor and academic administrator. He is widely credited (together with William Shockley) as being the father of Silicon Valley. Terman completed his undergraduate degree in chemistry and his master's degree in electrical engineering at Stanford University. His father, Lewis Terman, a psychologist who studied gifted children and popularized the IQ test in", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-185", "score": 0.5733094215393066, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-186", "score": 0.5733094215393066, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-187", "score": 0.5733094215393066, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-188", "score": 0.5733094215393066, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-189", "score": 0.5733094215393066, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-124", "score": 0.6136175394058228, "text": "Hesburgh is also credited with transforming the face of Notre Dame by making it a coeducational institution. In the mid-1960s Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution, an arrangement that added undergraduate women to a campus that already had a few women in the graduate schools. After extensive debate, merging with St. Mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. \"In American college education,\" explained the Rev. Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Dean of Arts and Letters, \"certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place.... In this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism.\" Thomas Blantz, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Vice President of Student Affairs, added that coeducation \"opened up a whole other pool of very bright students.\" Two of the male residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. In 1971 Mary Ann Proctor became the first female undergraduate; she transferred from St. Mary's College. In 1972 the first woman to graduate was Angela Sienko, who earned a bachelor's degree in marketing." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2207795", "score": 0.5816731452941895, "text": "University of Notre Dame By 1925 enrollment had increased to 2,500 students, of which 1,471 lived on campus. One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3842389", "score": 0.5808154940605164, "text": "1887 Notre Dame football team The 1887 Notre Dame football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1887 college football season. The first game in Notre Dame football occurred in November 1887. Michigan had been playing football since 1879. Two players on Michigan's 1887 team, George Winthrop DeHaven, Jr. and William Warren Harless, had previously attended Notre Dame. In October 1887, DeHaven wrote to Brother Paul, who ran Notre Dame's intramural athletics program, telling him about the new game of football. Michigan had planned a game in Chicago on Thanksgiving Day, and the three men, DeHaven, Harless and", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3165599", "score": 0.5801992416381836, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame students were sent home. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a Music Hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. Following the pledge made by William Corby, C.S.C., then the University's president, that Notre Dame would reopen for the fall term, Father Sorin willed Notre Dame to rebuild and continue its growth. As recounted in Notre Dame: 100 Years (1942), \"The sixty-five year old man walked around the ruins, and those", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-219", "score": 0.5801885724067688, "text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-220", "score": 0.5801885724067688, "text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-221", "score": 0.5801885724067688, "text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-222", "score": 0.5801885724067688, "text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-223", "score": 0.5801885724067688, "text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1197331", "score": 0.5800542831420898, "text": "Jack Meagher John Francis Meagher (July 5, 1894 – December 7, 1968) was an American football player, coach of football, basketball, and baseball, and college athletics administrator. Meagher played football for the University of Notre Dame in 1916, rising to a second-team end under then-assistant coach, Knute Rockne. He served with the United States Marines in France during World War I and played in four games with the Chicago Tigers in 1920, the first year of the National Football League (NFL). Meagher embarked on a career in coaching in 1921 at St. Edward's University, where he served as head football", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3542181", "score": 0.5800542831420898, "text": "Jack Meagher John Francis Meagher (July 5, 1894 – December 7, 1968) was an American football player, coach of football, basketball, and baseball, and college athletics administrator. Meagher played football for the University of Notre Dame in 1916, rising to a second-team end under then-assistant coach, Knute Rockne. He served with the United States Marines in France during World War I and played in four games with the Chicago Tigers in 1920, the first year of the National Football League (NFL). Meagher embarked on a career in coaching in 1921 at St. Edward's University, where he served as head football", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.5799452066421509, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1400151", "score": 0.5794486403465271, "text": "Billy Ryan William Richard Ryan Jr. (April 21, 1887 – December 20, 1951) was an American football player from Cleveland, Ohio, and a starting quarterback for the University of Notre Dame. Ryan began his career as the starting quarterback, placekicker and punt returner for the Notre Dame football squad in 1907, leading the team to an undefeated season of 6-0-1 in his freshman year. Following his initial season, Ryan moved to right halfback where he had his best season as a junior in 1909, rushing for over 90 yards in a win over Michigan State, and scoring the winning touchdown", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2065720", "score": 0.5794486403465271, "text": "Billy Ryan William Richard Ryan Jr. (April 21, 1887 – December 20, 1951) was an American football player from Cleveland, Ohio, and a starting quarterback for the University of Notre Dame. Ryan began his career as the starting quarterback, placekicker and punt returner for the Notre Dame football squad in 1907, leading the team to an undefeated season of 6-0-1 in his freshman year. Following his initial season, Ryan moved to right halfback where he had his best season as a junior in 1909, rushing for over 90 yards in a win over Michigan State, and scoring the winning touchdown", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2169117", "score": 0.5793704390525818, "text": "Fordham Rams football Army, Fordham is still best known for their famous \"Seven Blocks of Granite.\" It was a name given to the team's 1929/1930 and 1936/1937 impenetrable offensive lines. The 1936 team was coached by \"Sleepy\" Jim Crowley, one of the famed \"Four Horsemen\" that brought Notre Dame glory during the early 1920s. Aside from Notre Dame-inspired gold helmets, Crowley also brought an all-Notre Dame staff with him to Rose Hill. This included line coach Frank Leahy, who later returned to South Bend and became arguably, the greatest college head coach ever. Vince Lombardi, who later became arguably the greatest NFL head", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1054507", "score": 0.5793454647064209, "text": "star American football wide receiver for the New York Giants, San Francisco 49ers and Denver Broncos. He won 3 Super Bowls. He was also a standout athlete at Allentown Central Catholic High School as well and Stanford University. His nephew is Christian McCaffrey Billy McCaffrey Billy McCaffrey (born May 30, 1971) is an American retired professional basketball player. He is also the former interim head coach at St. Bonaventure University. McCaffrey began his college career at Duke University where as a sophomore he was the team's second leading scorer during its 1991 NCAA Championship season. He scored 16 points in", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1278252", "score": 0.5793454647064209, "text": "star American football wide receiver for the New York Giants, San Francisco 49ers and Denver Broncos. He won 3 Super Bowls. He was also a standout athlete at Allentown Central Catholic High School as well and Stanford University. His nephew is Christian McCaffrey Billy McCaffrey Billy McCaffrey (born May 30, 1971) is an American retired professional basketball player. He is also the former interim head coach at St. Bonaventure University. McCaffrey began his college career at Duke University where as a sophomore he was the team's second leading scorer during its 1991 NCAA Championship season. He scored 16 points in", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3513780", "score": 0.5793362855911255, "text": "Fordham Rams football Army, Fordham is still best known for their famous \"Seven Blocks of Granite.\" It was a name given to the team's 1929/1930 and 1936/1937 impenetrable offensive lines. The 1936 team was coached by \"Sleepy\" Jim Crowley, one of the famed \"Four Horsemen\" that brought Notre Dame glory during the early 1920s. Aside from Notre Dame-inspired gold helmets, Crowley also brought an all-Notre Dame staff with him to Rose Hill. This included line coach Frank Leahy, who later returned to South Bend and became arguably, the greatest college head coach ever. Vince Lombardi, who later became arguably the greatest NFL head", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1368921", "score": 0.5788368582725525, "text": "History of Michigan Wolverines football in the early years team traveled to South Bend, Indiana, where it taught Notre Dame students the game of football and participated in the first Notre Dame football game. The Michigan football team was among the first to be racially integrated. George Jewett became Michigan's first African-American player in 1890 and was one of the leading stars in the early years of Michigan football. The 1891 season was the first in which the Michigan football team had a coach with Frank Crawford and Mike Murphy coaching the team. William McCauley served as head coach in 1894 and 1895 and compiled a 17–2–1 record, including", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1104949", "score": 0.5782038569450378, "text": "George Gipp George Gipp (February 18, 1895 – December 14, 1920), nicknamed \"The Gipper\", was a college football player at the University of Notre Dame under head coach Knute Rockne. Gipp was selected as Notre Dame's first Walter Camp All-American, and played several positions, particularly halfback, quarterback, and punter. Gipp died at age 25 of a streptococcal throat infection and pneumonia, three weeks after a win over Northwestern in his senior season, and was the subject of Rockne's \"Win just one for the Gipper\" speech. In the 1940 film \"Knute Rockne, All American\", he was portrayed by Ronald Reagan. Born", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2167407", "score": 0.5773006081581116, "text": "Vergara who later played for the Green Bay Packers and his career ended with a neck injury. Later he became the Mayor of New Rochelle, New York. Four Horsemen (American football) The Four Horsemen of Notre Dame comprised a group of American football players at the University of Notre Dame under coach Knute Rockne. They were the backfield of Notre Dame's 1924 football team. The players that made up this group were Harry Stuhldreher, Don Miller, Jim Crowley, and Elmer Layden. In 1924, a nickname coined by sportswriter Grantland Rice and the actions of a student publicity aide transformed the", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-125", "score": 0.5650766491889954, "text": "Hesburgh is also credited with transforming the face of Notre Dame by making it a coeducational institution. In the mid-1960s Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution, an arrangement that added undergraduate women to a campus that already had a few women in the graduate schools. After extensive debate, merging with St. Mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. \"In American college education,\" explained the Rev. Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Dean of Arts and Letters, \"certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place.... In this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism.\" Thomas Blantz, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Vice President of Student Affairs, added that coeducation \"opened up a whole other pool of very bright students.\" Two of the male residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. In 1971 Mary Ann Proctor became the first female undergraduate; she transferred from St. Mary's College. In 1972 the first woman to graduate was Angela Sienko, who earned a bachelor's degree in marketing." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1059804", "score": 0.5368220806121826, "text": "T formation and Notre Dame coach Frank Leahy were advocates. Shaughnessy was as an advisor to Halas in the 1930s at the head coach at the University of Chicago. The T became much more viable in 1933 when passing was legalized anywhere behind the line of scrimmage (previously, the passer had to be five yards behind the line). Halas recruited Solly Sherman, the Quarterback for the University of Chicago because of his experience with the T-Formation under Clark Shaughnessy. Solly then taught Sid Luckman the system. Sherman, a former half back, had torn his meniscus in college, and converted to quarterback his", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1346032", "score": 0.5368120670318604, "text": "Ken MacAfee elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1997. In 1977, he also was Academic All-America, won the Walter Camp Player of the Year Award and was third in voting for the Heisman Trophy. That year, he caught 54 passes for 797 yards and six touchdowns. In his time Notre Dame had a 38-9 record and was the National Champion in 1977, with Joe Montana quarterbacking the Irish team. In his collegiate career, he caught 128 career passes for 1,759 yards and 15 TDs, ranking third on Notre Dame career receiving chart. He was a participant in Hula Bowl", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2163495", "score": 0.5368120670318604, "text": "Ken MacAfee elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1997. In 1977, he also was Academic All-America, won the Walter Camp Player of the Year Award and was third in voting for the Heisman Trophy. That year, he caught 54 passes for 797 yards and six touchdowns. In his time Notre Dame had a 38-9 record and was the National Champion in 1977, with Joe Montana quarterbacking the Irish team. In his collegiate career, he caught 128 career passes for 1,759 yards and 15 TDs, ranking third on Notre Dame career receiving chart. He was a participant in Hula Bowl", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2950578", "score": 0.5368120670318604, "text": "Ken MacAfee elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1997. In 1977, he also was Academic All-America, won the Walter Camp Player of the Year Award and was third in voting for the Heisman Trophy. That year, he caught 54 passes for 797 yards and six touchdowns. In his time Notre Dame had a 38-9 record and was the National Champion in 1977, with Joe Montana quarterbacking the Irish team. In his collegiate career, he caught 128 career passes for 1,759 yards and 15 TDs, ranking third on Notre Dame career receiving chart. He was a participant in Hula Bowl", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2201050", "score": 0.5367963910102844, "text": "Zach Auguste coach Anthony Solomon, however he later cut the school from his selection list, which included Division I schools West Virginia, Georgia Tech, Florida and Marquette. Despite this, Solomon's steadfast attempts to recruit the player, widely ranked a 4-star recruit, convinced Auguste to visit the campus; he committed to Notre Dame on the spot in September 2011. Auguste made his debut for Notre Dame in a November 12, 2012 victory against Monmouth, contributing 4 points and 3 rebounds in 3 minutes. After two ankle sprains during pre-season practice, Auguste had difficulty breaking into the already established team. Finding himself behind Jack", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1530574", "score": 0.5367881059646606, "text": "Michigan Wolverines football hiatus from 1907 to 1916, have been members since. Michigan has won or shared 42 league titles, and, since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, has finished in the top 10 a total of 38 times. The Wolverines claim 11 national championships, most recently that of the 1997 squad voted atop the final AP Poll. From 1900 to 1989, Michigan was led by a series of nine head coaches, each of whom has been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame either as a player or as a coach. Fielding H. Yost became Michigan's head coach in", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-807106", "score": 0.5367554426193237, "text": "as alumni. Five Members of the United States Congress attended St. Bonaventure. St. Bonaventure University St. Bonaventure University is a private Franciscan university in Allegany, New York. It has roughly 2,100 undergraduate and graduate students. The Franciscan Brothers established the university in 1858. In athletics, the St. Bonaventure Bonnies play National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I sports in the Atlantic 10 Conference. Students and alumni often refer to the university as \"Bona's\", derived from the school's original name, St. Bonaventure's College. The college was founded by Utica financier Nicholas Devereux, one of the first to gain land grants in newly", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-3613252", "score": 0.5367554426193237, "text": "as alumni. Five Members of the United States Congress attended St. Bonaventure. St. Bonaventure University St. Bonaventure University is a private Franciscan university in Allegany, New York. It has roughly 2,100 undergraduate and graduate students. The Franciscan Brothers established the university in 1858. In athletics, the St. Bonaventure Bonnies play National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I sports in the Atlantic 10 Conference. Students and alumni often refer to the university as \"Bona's\", derived from the school's original name, St. Bonaventure's College. The college was founded by Utica financier Nicholas Devereux, one of the first to gain land grants in newly", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3378207", "score": 0.536742627620697, "text": "(CTU) in Chicago is home to the Bernardin Center for Theology and Ministry. This Center serves as the base for Catholics on Call, the Catholic Common Ground Initiative (CCGI), and the Peacebuilders Initiative. The U.S. bishops' Catholic Campaign for Human Development (CCHD) established for youth achievers the Cardinal Joseph Bernardin New Leadership Award. Joseph Bernardin Joseph Louis Bernardin (April 2, 1928 – November 14, 1996) was an American Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Cincinnati from 1972 until 1982, and as Archbishop of Chicago from 1982 until his death in 1996 from pancreatic cancer. Bernardin was", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3485797", "score": 0.5367252230644226, "text": "Alexander King Sample Sample was the youngest Catholic bishop in the United States and the first to be born in the 1960s. He selected as his episcopal motto: \"\"Vultum Christi Contemplari\"\", meaning \"To Contemplate the Face of Christ\". On October 7, 2007, at the invitation of Archbishop Raymond Leo Burke, Sample attended the Red Mass at the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis, delivering the homily. In April 2009, Sample expressed his \"disappointment and dismay\" over the University of Notre Dame's decision to have President Barack Obama deliver its commencement speech and receive an honorary degree, given Obama's pro-choice views. He added, \"It saddens", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3698382", "score": 0.5367252230644226, "text": "Alexander King Sample Sample was the youngest Catholic bishop in the United States and the first to be born in the 1960s. He selected as his episcopal motto: \"\"Vultum Christi Contemplari\"\", meaning \"To Contemplate the Face of Christ\". On October 7, 2007, at the invitation of Archbishop Raymond Leo Burke, Sample attended the Red Mass at the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis, delivering the homily. In April 2009, Sample expressed his \"disappointment and dismay\" over the University of Notre Dame's decision to have President Barack Obama deliver its commencement speech and receive an honorary degree, given Obama's pro-choice views. He added, \"It saddens", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2027463", "score": 0.5366894602775574, "text": "four express routes from Schaumburg, Lombard, Bolingbrook, Burr Ridge, Palos Heights and Oak Lawn. NIU Huskies football plays select games at Soldier Field, all of which have featured the Huskies hosting a team from the Big Ten Conference. Northern Illinois University (NIU) is located in DeKalb, to the west on Interstate 88. Notre Dame Fighting Irish football used the stadium as home field for the 1929 season while Notre Dame Stadium was being constructed. The school has used Soldier Field for single games on occasion both prior to and since the 1929 season. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish and Miami", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1166577", "score": 0.5366380214691162, "text": "an injury settlement. Ian Williams (American football) Ian Williams (born August 31, 1989) is a former American football nose tackle of the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the 49ers as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He played college football at Notre Dame. Williams grew up in Altamonte Springs, Florida, and attended Lyman High School, where he played football for coach Bill Caughell. In his junior year, Ian was responsible for 83 tackles, 23 tackles for loss (TFL), 12 hurries, 4 forced fumbles, 2 sacks, 4 fumble recoveries and 4 passes broken up, as the Greyhounds won", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-3403552", "score": 0.5366274118423462, "text": "schools. It is located within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. Saint Thomas Academy was first founded as Saint Thomas Seminary by Archbishop John Ireland on September 8, 1885. STA became an U.S. Army school in 1905, and, in 1916, part of the Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC). In 1922, the Seminary's Academic Department separated into College of St. Thomas and St. Thomas Military Academy. Later, in 1965, the school moved to its current campus in Mendota Heights (though in a smaller iteration). A middle school was added in 1971, composing of seventh and eight grades.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3127566", "score": 0.5365981459617615, "text": "Michigan Wolverines football only going 7–5, with the season capped with another loss to Ohio State. Expectations were tempered going into the 2006 season; however, a 47–21 blowout of #2 Notre Dame and an 11–0 start propelled Michigan to the No. 2 rankings going into \"The Game\" with #1 Ohio State. The 2006 Ohio State-Michigan game was hailed by the media as the \"Game of the Century.\" The day before the game, Bo Schembechler died, leading Ohio State to honor him with a moment of silence, one of the few Michigan Men to be so honored in Ohio Stadium. The game itself was", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3523327", "score": 0.5365777015686035, "text": "Max Wittek \"I'm going to go out there, and I'm going to play within myself, within the system, and we're gonna win this ballgame.\" Notre Dame defeated USC 22–13 to advance to the 2013 BCS National Championship Game. Wittek threw for 186 yards, one touchdown and two interceptions. For the 2013 season, he and Cody Kessler competed for the starting job. He eventually lost the quarterback competition by the second week of the season. In January 2014, Wittek decided to pursue a master's degree and compete for a QB position at another university. In August, Wittek eventually announced his intention to transfer", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2576341", "score": 0.5365311503410339, "text": "nation's highest civilian honor, the Medal of Freedom. William Shea, who played in the 1920s, was the New York attorney who brought the New York Mets to the city. Shea Stadium, now demolished and replaced on-site by the Mets' current home of Citi Field, was named in his honor. Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball The Georgetown University men's basketball team represents Georgetown University in NCAA Division I and the Big East Conference. Like all athletic programs at the school, they are known as the Hoyas. Georgetown has competed in men's intercollegiate basketball team since 1907. The current head coach of the", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1727051", "score": 0.536529541015625, "text": "Oliver Luck Oliver Francis Luck (born April 5, 1960) is an American business executive and former football quarterback. He is currently the CEO and Commissioner of the XFL. Prior to that, he was Director of Intercollegiate Athletes at West Virginia University (WVU), his alma mater, and an executive with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in charge of the organization's regulatory functions. Luck is a retired American football player who spent five seasons in the National Football League (NFL) as a quarterback for the Houston Oilers (1982–1986). He was also the first president and general manager of the Houston Dynamo", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1471264", "score": 0.5365201234817505, "text": "1999 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team whether Jackson could lead a young Irish team. With some controversy surrounding a verbal agreement between Notre Dame and Michigan to not schedule a game before their September 4 matchup, the Irish instead opened the season in the Eddie Robinson Classic against Kansas. Though Jackson didn't answer all the questions in the game (throwing three interceptions), the Irish still dominated the Jayhawks in the 48–13 win. With the Irish ranked 16th they went next to face the seventh-ranked Wolverines. Watched by a, then NCAA record, crowd of 111,523, the Wolverines took the lead late in the game on an Anthony", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-4005953", "score": 0.5365108847618103, "text": "attending. Clarence C. Walton Clarence Cyril Walton (June 22, 1915 – April 13, 2004) was the 10th president of The Catholic University of America and the first layman to hold the position. He was also the first to hold the title 'president' and not 'rector.' Clarence Walton was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania to Leo and Mary Walton. His background has been described as working-class, his father worked for Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, and of Irish American origin. In World War II he served in the United States Navy. He married Betty Kennedy in 1943 and with her had two", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-126", "score": 0.7069050073623657, "text": "Hesburgh is also credited with transforming the face of Notre Dame by making it a coeducational institution. In the mid-1960s Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution, an arrangement that added undergraduate women to a campus that already had a few women in the graduate schools. After extensive debate, merging with St. Mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. \"In American college education,\" explained the Rev. Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Dean of Arts and Letters, \"certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place.... In this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism.\" Thomas Blantz, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Vice President of Student Affairs, added that coeducation \"opened up a whole other pool of very bright students.\" Two of the male residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. In 1971 Mary Ann Proctor became the first female undergraduate; she transferred from St. Mary's College. In 1972 the first woman to graduate was Angela Sienko, who earned a bachelor's degree in marketing." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-605200", "score": 0.6684740781784058, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. The first female student, a transfer from St. Mary's College, graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in marketing. In 18 years under President Edward Malloy, CSC, (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, the average SAT score rose from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-957295", "score": 0.6684740781784058, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. The first female student, a transfer from St. Mary's College, graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in marketing. In 18 years under President Edward Malloy, CSC, (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, the average SAT score rose from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1075148", "score": 0.6615030169487, "text": "on the Bluff and built the original five-story red brick \"Old Main\" in 1885. At the time, it was the highest point on the Pittsburgh skyline. On May 27, 1911, under the leadership of Fr. Martin Hehir, the college became the first Catholic institution of higher learning in Pennsylvania to become a university. It was subsequently renamed \"Duquesne University of the Holy Ghost\", after Ange Duquesne de Menneville, Marquis du Quesne, the French governor of New France who first brought Catholic observances to the Pittsburgh area. The year 1913 saw the university record its first woman graduate, Sister M. Fides", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.6607860326766968, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.6607860326766968, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.6607860326766968, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.6607860326766968, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.6607860326766968, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1017391", "score": 0.6570378541946411, "text": "Notre Dame College (Staten Island) Notre Dame College was a small Catholic women's college located in the Grymes Hill area of Staten Island, New York. It opened in 1933 as an affiliate of Fordham University and merged with St. John's University in 1971. Notre Dame was located on the former estate of Herbert Gans. It opened with 13 students and graduated its first class in 1935. The alumnae association now has about 1,600 active members. The college's campus is now the Staten Island campus of St. John's. The Gans Family Estate The site of the College, now St. John's Staten", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1869516", "score": 0.6536632180213928, "text": "Institute of Notre Dame The Institute of Notre Dame is a private Catholic all-girls high school located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore, Maryland. The Institute of Notre Dame, known as \"IND\" or \"the Institute\" by those who are familiar with the school, was founded in 1847, making it the first school founded by the School Sisters of Notre Dame in the United States. The founder of the school is Mother Teresa Gerhardinger, now beatified in the Catholic Church. The school is unique in the fact that it has remained in its downtown location on Aisquith Street since its", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3391936", "score": 0.6536632180213928, "text": "Institute of Notre Dame The Institute of Notre Dame is a private Catholic all-girls high school located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore, Maryland. The Institute of Notre Dame, known as \"IND\" or \"the Institute\" by those who are familiar with the school, was founded in 1847, making it the first school founded by the School Sisters of Notre Dame in the United States. The founder of the school is Mother Teresa Gerhardinger, now beatified in the Catholic Church. The school is unique in the fact that it has remained in its downtown location on Aisquith Street since its", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-48953", "score": 0.6487516164779663, "text": "In 1966, Yale began discussions with its sister school Vassar College about merging to foster coeducation at the undergraduate level. Vassar, then all-female and part of the Seven Sisters—elite higher education schools that historically served as sister institutions to the Ivy League when the Ivy League still only admitted men—tentatively accepted, but then declined the invitation. Both schools introduced coeducation independently in 1969. Amy Solomon was the first woman to register as a Yale undergraduate; she was also the first woman at Yale to join an undergraduate society, St. Anthony Hall. The undergraduate class of 1973 was the first class to have women starting from freshman year; at the time, all undergraduate women were housed in Vanderbilt Hall at the south end of Old Campus.[citation needed]", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-48954", "score": 0.6487516164779663, "text": "In 1966, Yale began discussions with its sister school Vassar College about merging to foster coeducation at the undergraduate level. Vassar, then all-female and part of the Seven Sisters—elite higher education schools that historically served as sister institutions to the Ivy League when the Ivy League still only admitted men—tentatively accepted, but then declined the invitation. Both schools introduced coeducation independently in 1969. Amy Solomon was the first woman to register as a Yale undergraduate; she was also the first woman at Yale to join an undergraduate society, St. Anthony Hall. The undergraduate class of 1973 was the first class to have women starting from freshman year; at the time, all undergraduate women were housed in Vanderbilt Hall at the south end of Old Campus.[citation needed]", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-48955", "score": 0.6487516164779663, "text": "In 1966, Yale began discussions with its sister school Vassar College about merging to foster coeducation at the undergraduate level. Vassar, then all-female and part of the Seven Sisters—elite higher education schools that historically served as sister institutions to the Ivy League when the Ivy League still only admitted men—tentatively accepted, but then declined the invitation. Both schools introduced coeducation independently in 1969. Amy Solomon was the first woman to register as a Yale undergraduate; she was also the first woman at Yale to join an undergraduate society, St. Anthony Hall. The undergraduate class of 1973 was the first class to have women starting from freshman year; at the time, all undergraduate women were housed in Vanderbilt Hall at the south end of Old Campus.[citation needed]", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-48956", "score": 0.6487516164779663, "text": "In 1966, Yale began discussions with its sister school Vassar College about merging to foster coeducation at the undergraduate level. Vassar, then all-female and part of the Seven Sisters—elite higher education schools that historically served as sister institutions to the Ivy League when the Ivy League still only admitted men—tentatively accepted, but then declined the invitation. Both schools introduced coeducation independently in 1969. Amy Solomon was the first woman to register as a Yale undergraduate; she was also the first woman at Yale to join an undergraduate society, St. Anthony Hall. The undergraduate class of 1973 was the first class to have women starting from freshman year; at the time, all undergraduate women were housed in Vanderbilt Hall at the south end of Old Campus.[citation needed]", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-48957", "score": 0.6487516164779663, "text": "In 1966, Yale began discussions with its sister school Vassar College about merging to foster coeducation at the undergraduate level. Vassar, then all-female and part of the Seven Sisters—elite higher education schools that historically served as sister institutions to the Ivy League when the Ivy League still only admitted men—tentatively accepted, but then declined the invitation. Both schools introduced coeducation independently in 1969. Amy Solomon was the first woman to register as a Yale undergraduate; she was also the first woman at Yale to join an undergraduate society, St. Anthony Hall. The undergraduate class of 1973 was the first class to have women starting from freshman year; at the time, all undergraduate women were housed in Vanderbilt Hall at the south end of Old Campus.[citation needed]", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.647800624370575, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.6476723551750183, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2497240", "score": 0.6474794149398804, "text": "Notre Dame College Notre Dame College, also known as Notre Dame College of Ohio or simply NDC, is a Catholic liberal arts college in South Euclid, Ohio, United States. Established in 1922 as a women's college, it has been coeducational since January 2001. Notre Dame College offers 30 majors and individually designed majors and confers undergraduate and graduate degrees through five academic divisions. The college had a total enrollment of 2,100 students in fall 2016. The main academic and residential campus is located east of Cleveland in South Euclid. Fielding athletic teams known as the Notre Dame Falcons, the college", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3120186", "score": 0.6474794149398804, "text": "Notre Dame College Notre Dame College, also known as Notre Dame College of Ohio or simply NDC, is a Catholic liberal arts college in South Euclid, Ohio, United States. Established in 1922 as a women's college, it has been coeducational since January 2001. Notre Dame College offers 30 majors and individually designed majors and confers undergraduate and graduate degrees through five academic divisions. The college had a total enrollment of 2,100 students in fall 2016. The main academic and residential campus is located east of Cleveland in South Euclid. Fielding athletic teams known as the Notre Dame Falcons, the college", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-127", "score": 0.6260310411453247, "text": "Hesburgh is also credited with transforming the face of Notre Dame by making it a coeducational institution. In the mid-1960s Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College developed a co-exchange program whereby several hundred students took classes not offered at their home institution, an arrangement that added undergraduate women to a campus that already had a few women in the graduate schools. After extensive debate, merging with St. Mary's was rejected, primarily because of the differential in faculty qualifications and pay scales. \"In American college education,\" explained the Rev. Charles E. Sheedy, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Dean of Arts and Letters, \"certain features formerly considered advantageous and enviable are now seen as anachronistic and out of place.... In this environment of diversity, the integration of the sexes is a normal and expected aspect, replacing separatism.\" Thomas Blantz, C.S.C., Notre Dame's Vice President of Student Affairs, added that coeducation \"opened up a whole other pool of very bright students.\" Two of the male residence halls were converted for the newly admitted female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. In 1971 Mary Ann Proctor became the first female undergraduate; she transferred from St. Mary's College. In 1972 the first woman to graduate was Angela Sienko, who earned a bachelor's degree in marketing." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-90224", "score": 0.5933023691177368, "text": "Ireland. Patrick Lynch (economist) Patrick Lynch MRIA (5 May 1917 – 16 November 2001) was an Irish economist. He believed in economic development and the co-ordination of government policy, including fiscal, social and monetary measures to invest in education and joining the European Economic Community. He favoured empirical education economics in Ireland and development economics flowing from investment in science. He was \" ... one of the most respected and influential social and economic thinkers during the critical period of the Sixties, when Ireland's economic foundations were laid.\" A Professor of Political Economy at University College Dublin until 1980, he", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2015674", "score": 0.59322589635849, "text": "to the study of IR was the Graduate Institute of International Studies (now the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies), which was founded in 1927 to form diplomats associated to the League of Nations. The Committee on International Relations at the University of Chicago was the first to offer a graduate degree, in 1928. The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, a collaboration between Tufts University and Harvard, opened its doors in 1933 as the first graduate-only school of international affairs in the United States. In 1965, Glendon College and the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs were the", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1815549", "score": 0.5917956233024597, "text": "the Congregation of Holy Cross and patron of Holy Cross College. Holy Cross College (Indiana) Holy Cross College is a Roman Catholic, co-educational, residential institution of higher education in Notre Dame, Indiana. The college was founded in 1966 and is administered by members of the Congregation of Holy Cross. The college’s baccalaureate program focuses on experiential learning, founded upon a program of Four Pillars: Service Learning, Global Perspectives, Professional Internship, Classroom Experience which culminates in a Capstone Presentation. Each student completes the same multidisciplinary core courses. Electives may be taken which allow each student to gain knowledge and experience preferred", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1442951", "score": 0.591157853603363, "text": "females. Currently, both Hale Manoa and Hale Kuahine are unisex dormitories. East–West Center The East–West Center (EWC), or the Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East and West, is an education and research organization established by the U.S. Congress in 1960 to strengthen relations and understanding among the peoples and nations of Asia, the Pacific, and the United States. It is headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii. The East–West Center originated as a University of Hawaii at Manoa faculty initiative with a February 16, 1959, memo from professor Murray Turnbull, then acting Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, to", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1688266", "score": 0.591157853603363, "text": "females. Currently, both Hale Manoa and Hale Kuahine are unisex dormitories. East–West Center The East–West Center (EWC), or the Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East and West, is an education and research organization established by the U.S. Congress in 1960 to strengthen relations and understanding among the peoples and nations of Asia, the Pacific, and the United States. It is headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii. The East–West Center originated as a University of Hawaii at Manoa faculty initiative with a February 16, 1959, memo from professor Murray Turnbull, then acting Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, to", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-494255", "score": 0.5909115672111511, "text": "Noel Dorr Noel Dorr (born November 1, 1933, in Limerick, Ireland) is a former Irish diplomat. He has been described as \"the most universally admired Irish diplomat of his generation\". Dorr attended St. Nathy's College in Ballaghaderreen and studied at the National University of Ireland and Georgetown University in Washington, DC. He received a Bachelor of Commerce (B.Comm) and a Master of Arts (MA). In 1960, he joined the diplomatic service of the Department of Foreign Affairs. During his diplomatic career, he was, inter alia, from 1960 to 1962 Third Secretary at the Irish Embassy in Brussels, 1962-1964 First Secretary", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-788488", "score": 0.5907554626464844, "text": "Ellen Ewing Sherman raised her eight children in that faith. In 1864, Ellen took up temporary residence in South Bend, Indiana, to have her young family educated at the University of Notre Dame and St. Mary's College. One of their sons, Thomas Ewing Sherman, became a Catholic priest. She also took an ongoing interest in Indian missions and was credited as the principal organizer of the Catholic Indian Missionary Association. In \"the most absorbing and monumental work of her life,\" Ellen played an active role in U.S. observances of the Golden Jubilee of Pope Pius IX (May 21, 1877) for which she later", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1013652", "score": 0.5907533764839172, "text": "York from 28 February until 7 May 1967 and then toured to Goucher College, Townson, Maryland; McMaster University, Connecticut; State University of New York, Buffalo; Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Long Island University, Brooklyn; Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire; Concordia College, River Forest, Illinois; Wittenburg University, Springfield, Ohio; University of Missouri, Columbia; Krannert Art Museum, University of Illinois, Champaign; Amherst College, Massachusetts; Wesleyan University, Middleton, Connecticut; University of Notre Dame, Indiana; and San Francisco Museum of Art, San Francisco. New Documents New Documents was an influential documentary photography exhibition at Museum of Modern Art, New York, in 1967, curated by", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-29", "score": 0.5898061990737915, "text": "The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-30", "score": 0.5898061990737915, "text": "The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1869516", "score": 0.589495062828064, "text": "Institute of Notre Dame The Institute of Notre Dame is a private Catholic all-girls high school located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore, Maryland. The Institute of Notre Dame, known as \"IND\" or \"the Institute\" by those who are familiar with the school, was founded in 1847, making it the first school founded by the School Sisters of Notre Dame in the United States. The founder of the school is Mother Teresa Gerhardinger, now beatified in the Catholic Church. The school is unique in the fact that it has remained in its downtown location on Aisquith Street since its", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3391936", "score": 0.589495062828064, "text": "Institute of Notre Dame The Institute of Notre Dame is a private Catholic all-girls high school located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore, Maryland. The Institute of Notre Dame, known as \"IND\" or \"the Institute\" by those who are familiar with the school, was founded in 1847, making it the first school founded by the School Sisters of Notre Dame in the United States. The founder of the school is Mother Teresa Gerhardinger, now beatified in the Catholic Church. The school is unique in the fact that it has remained in its downtown location on Aisquith Street since its", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-31", "score": 0.5893043875694275, "text": "The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-32", "score": 0.5893043875694275, "text": "The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-33", "score": 0.5893043875694275, "text": "The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2418631", "score": 0.5891518592834473, "text": "International Federation of Catholic Universities The International Federation of Catholic Universities' (IFCU) is an organisation of over 200 Catholic universities throughout the world. Founded in 1924. Created by a Papal Decree in 1948 as the \"Fœderatio Universitatum Catholicarum\" it became the International Federation of Catholic Universities in 1965. The federation has its origins in collaboration in 1924 between the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan and the Catholic university of Nijmegen in the Netherlands. The FIUC facilitates, research, partnership and exchange programmes between catholic institutes of education. The secretariat is in Paris; Institut Catholique de Paris. The IFCU is", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2919436", "score": 0.5891518592834473, "text": "International Federation of Catholic Universities The International Federation of Catholic Universities' (IFCU) is an organisation of over 200 Catholic universities throughout the world. Founded in 1924. Created by a Papal Decree in 1948 as the \"Fœderatio Universitatum Catholicarum\" it became the International Federation of Catholic Universities in 1965. The federation has its origins in collaboration in 1924 between the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan and the Catholic university of Nijmegen in the Netherlands. The FIUC facilitates, research, partnership and exchange programmes between catholic institutes of education. The secretariat is in Paris; Institut Catholique de Paris. The IFCU is", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3632272", "score": 0.5884434580802917, "text": "across the United States and into Canada, ultimately forming eight North American Provinces. The original rule of the School Sisters of Notre Dame, approved by Pope Pius IX in 1865, allowed Blessed Theresa and her successors, instead of local bishops, to govern the congregation. The main motherhouse was moved from Neunburg vorm Wald to Munich in 1843 and remained there until the 1950s. Today, the Generalate of the Congregation can be found in Rome, Italy. Much of their work has been in schools, but the curriculum vitae of a group of jubilarians in 2014, from a province based in St.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-337627", "score": 0.5883041620254517, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-910860", "score": 0.5883041620254517, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-128", "score": 0.7432833313941956, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-605200", "score": 0.6679704189300537, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. The first female student, a transfer from St. Mary's College, graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in marketing. In 18 years under President Edward Malloy, CSC, (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, the average SAT score rose from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-957295", "score": 0.6679704189300537, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. The first female student, a transfer from St. Mary's College, graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in marketing. In 18 years under President Edward Malloy, CSC, (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, the average SAT score rose from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3587792", "score": 0.6510728597640991, "text": "University of Notre Dame ever made to an American Catholic university. He also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of what Andrew Greeley calls a \"dramatic transformation.\" In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950,", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-133", "score": 0.6451185941696167, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-134", "score": 0.6451185941696167, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-135", "score": 0.6451185941696167, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-136", "score": 0.6451185941696167, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-137", "score": 0.6451185941696167, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2862539", "score": 0.6449633836746216, "text": "the team drafted, nine others signed free agent contracts with NFL teams. The year ended on a bad note for the Irish program, as the NCAA placed the program on probation for two years after a number of major secondary violations by the university and others involved in athletics. Then-university president Rev. Edward Malloy disbanded all varsity booster clubs, the first time any university took such actions, and put into place other safeguards against violations, pledging his administration would give a greater effort to stop any future violations. 1999 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 1999 Notre Dame Fighting", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-426792", "score": 0.643673300743103, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1787802", "score": 0.6435269713401794, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1984026", "score": 0.6435269713401794, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3014525", "score": 0.6435269713401794, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-93", "score": 0.6379252076148987, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-94", "score": 0.6379252076148987, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-95", "score": 0.6379252076148987, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-96", "score": 0.6379252076148987, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-97", "score": 0.6379252076148987, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-192", "score": 0.6374362111091614, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-193", "score": 0.6374362111091614, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-129", "score": 0.7570911049842834, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2069193", "score": 0.7081193327903748, "text": "Edward Malloy The Rev. Edward Aloysius Malloy, C.S.C. (born May 3, 1941), nicknamed \"Monk\", served from 1987 to 2005 as the 16th president of the University of Notre Dame. Edward Malloy was born on May 3, 1941 in Washington, D.C.. He attended Archbishop Carroll High School, where he was part of a basketball team that included John Thompson and Tom Hoover. During his senior season, the team started a 55-game winning streak. He received a B.A. and an M.A. in English from the University of Notre Dame in 1963 and 1967, and an M.A. in Theology in 1969. As an", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-605200", "score": 0.6992425322532654, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. The first female student, a transfer from St. Mary's College, graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in marketing. In 18 years under President Edward Malloy, CSC, (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, the average SAT score rose from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-957295", "score": 0.6992425322532654, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. The first female student, a transfer from St. Mary's College, graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in marketing. In 18 years under President Edward Malloy, CSC, (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, the average SAT score rose from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-39", "score": 0.6401426792144775, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-40", "score": 0.6401426792144775, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-41", "score": 0.6401426792144775, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-42", "score": 0.6401426792144775, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-43", "score": 0.6401426792144775, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-353148", "score": 0.627659797668457, "text": "University of Notre Dame the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1460; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent (2014) capital campaign raised $2.014 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education and was the largest of any University", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-190", "score": 0.6132882833480835, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-191", "score": 0.6132882833480835, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-693990", "score": 0.6131951808929443, "text": "University of Notre Dame established to govern the University. The Fellows are a group of six Holy Cross religious and six lay members who have final say over the operation of the university. The Fellows vote on potential trustees and sign off on all major decisions by that body. The Trustees elect the president and provide general guidance and governance to the university. Notre Dame's financial endowment was started in the early 1920s by university president James Burns, and increased to US$7 million by 1952 when Hesburgh became president. By the 1980s it reached $150 million, and in 2000, it returned a record 57.9%", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-192", "score": 0.6131165027618408, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-193", "score": 0.6131165027618408, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-194", "score": 0.6131165027618408, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3587792", "score": 0.6083974242210388, "text": "University of Notre Dame ever made to an American Catholic university. He also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of what Andrew Greeley calls a \"dramatic transformation.\" In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950,", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-98", "score": 0.6056526303291321, "text": "One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division I/FBS football history. Rockne's offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme. The last game Rockne coached was on December 14, 1930 when he led a group of Notre Dame all-stars against the New York Giants in New York City.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-99", "score": 0.6056526303291321, "text": "One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division I/FBS football history. Rockne's offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme. The last game Rockne coached was on December 14, 1930 when he led a group of Notre Dame all-stars against the New York Giants in New York City.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-100", "score": 0.6056526303291321, "text": "One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division I/FBS football history. Rockne's offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme. The last game Rockne coached was on December 14, 1930 when he led a group of Notre Dame all-stars against the New York Giants in New York City.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-101", "score": 0.6056526303291321, "text": "One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division I/FBS football history. Rockne's offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme. The last game Rockne coached was on December 14, 1930 when he led a group of Notre Dame all-stars against the New York Giants in New York City.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-130", "score": 0.7772314548492432, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-693990", "score": 0.7140078544616699, "text": "University of Notre Dame established to govern the University. The Fellows are a group of six Holy Cross religious and six lay members who have final say over the operation of the university. The Fellows vote on potential trustees and sign off on all major decisions by that body. The Trustees elect the president and provide general guidance and governance to the university. Notre Dame's financial endowment was started in the early 1920s by university president James Burns, and increased to US$7 million by 1952 when Hesburgh became president. By the 1980s it reached $150 million, and in 2000, it returned a record 57.9%", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-605200", "score": 0.709791362285614, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. The first female student, a transfer from St. Mary's College, graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in marketing. In 18 years under President Edward Malloy, CSC, (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, the average SAT score rose from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-957295", "score": 0.709791362285614, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. The first female student, a transfer from St. Mary's College, graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in marketing. In 18 years under President Edward Malloy, CSC, (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, the average SAT score rose from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3587792", "score": 0.6906650066375732, "text": "University of Notre Dame ever made to an American Catholic university. He also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of what Andrew Greeley calls a \"dramatic transformation.\" In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950,", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2069193", "score": 0.6894035339355469, "text": "Edward Malloy The Rev. Edward Aloysius Malloy, C.S.C. (born May 3, 1941), nicknamed \"Monk\", served from 1987 to 2005 as the 16th president of the University of Notre Dame. Edward Malloy was born on May 3, 1941 in Washington, D.C.. He attended Archbishop Carroll High School, where he was part of a basketball team that included John Thompson and Tom Hoover. During his senior season, the team started a 55-game winning streak. He received a B.A. and an M.A. in English from the University of Notre Dame in 1963 and 1967, and an M.A. in Theology in 1969. As an", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-133", "score": 0.6687496304512024, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-134", "score": 0.6687496304512024, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-135", "score": 0.6687496304512024, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-136", "score": 0.6687496304512024, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-137", "score": 0.6687496304512024, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1146461", "score": 0.6575611233711243, "text": "University of Notre Dame investment. For the 2007 fiscal year, the endowment had grown to approximately $6.5 billion, putting the university in the top-15 largest endowments in the country. In October 2018, the University listed its endowment at National Association of College and University Business Officers published Notre Dame's endowment at $13.1 billion. As of fall 2014, Notre Dame had 12,292 students and employed 1,126 full-time faculty members and another 190 part-time members to give a student/faculty ratio of 8:1. All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the \"First", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3776322", "score": 0.6553330421447754, "text": "Catholic Church in the United States in 1789. The richest U.S. Catholic university is The University of Notre Dame with an endowment of over 13 billion in 2018. According to the \"2016 Official Catholic Directory\", as of 2016 there were 243 seminaries with 4,785 students in the United States; 3,629 diocesan seminarians and 1,456 religious seminarians. By the official 2017 statistics, there are 5,050 seminarians (3,694 diocesan and 1,356 religious) in the United States. In addition, the American Catholic bishops oversee the Pontifical North American College for American seminarians and priests studying at one of the Pontifical Universities in Rome. In 2002, Catholic health care systems,", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1722147", "score": 0.647968053817749, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1807267", "score": 0.647968053817749, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2755088", "score": 0.647968053817749, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3257334", "score": 0.647968053817749, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-353148", "score": 0.6421690583229065, "text": "University of Notre Dame the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1460; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent (2014) capital campaign raised $2.014 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education and was the largest of any University", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-113", "score": 0.6405340433120728, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-114", "score": 0.6405340433120728, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-115", "score": 0.6405340433120728, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-131", "score": 0.7694405317306519, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3587792", "score": 0.6964791417121887, "text": "University of Notre Dame ever made to an American Catholic university. He also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of what Andrew Greeley calls a \"dramatic transformation.\" In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950,", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2069193", "score": 0.6820043325424194, "text": "Edward Malloy The Rev. Edward Aloysius Malloy, C.S.C. (born May 3, 1941), nicknamed \"Monk\", served from 1987 to 2005 as the 16th president of the University of Notre Dame. Edward Malloy was born on May 3, 1941 in Washington, D.C.. He attended Archbishop Carroll High School, where he was part of a basketball team that included John Thompson and Tom Hoover. During his senior season, the team started a 55-game winning streak. He received a B.A. and an M.A. in English from the University of Notre Dame in 1963 and 1967, and an M.A. in Theology in 1969. As an", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-605200", "score": 0.6777839660644531, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. The first female student, a transfer from St. Mary's College, graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in marketing. In 18 years under President Edward Malloy, CSC, (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, the average SAT score rose from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-957295", "score": 0.6777839660644531, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. The first female student, a transfer from St. Mary's College, graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in marketing. In 18 years under President Edward Malloy, CSC, (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, the average SAT score rose from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-693990", "score": 0.6658152341842651, "text": "University of Notre Dame established to govern the University. The Fellows are a group of six Holy Cross religious and six lay members who have final say over the operation of the university. The Fellows vote on potential trustees and sign off on all major decisions by that body. The Trustees elect the president and provide general guidance and governance to the university. Notre Dame's financial endowment was started in the early 1920s by university president James Burns, and increased to US$7 million by 1952 when Hesburgh became president. By the 1980s it reached $150 million, and in 2000, it returned a record 57.9%", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-133", "score": 0.6473388075828552, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-134", "score": 0.6473388075828552, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-135", "score": 0.6473388075828552, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-136", "score": 0.6473388075828552, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-137", "score": 0.6473388075828552, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-113", "score": 0.6445513963699341, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-114", "score": 0.6445513963699341, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-115", "score": 0.6445513963699341, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-116", "score": 0.6445513963699341, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-117", "score": 0.6445513963699341, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-353148", "score": 0.6353484392166138, "text": "University of Notre Dame the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1460; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent (2014) capital campaign raised $2.014 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education and was the largest of any University", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-68", "score": 0.6323845386505127, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-69", "score": 0.6323845386505127, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-70", "score": 0.6323845386505127, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-71", "score": 0.6323845386505127, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-132", "score": 0.7902645468711853, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-605200", "score": 0.6909241080284119, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. The first female student, a transfer from St. Mary's College, graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in marketing. In 18 years under President Edward Malloy, CSC, (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, the average SAT score rose from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-957295", "score": 0.6909241080284119, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame female students that first year, while two others were converted for the next school year. The first female student, a transfer from St. Mary's College, graduated in 1972 with a bachelor's degree in marketing. In 18 years under President Edward Malloy, CSC, (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, the average SAT score rose from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3587792", "score": 0.6643273830413818, "text": "University of Notre Dame ever made to an American Catholic university. He also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of what Andrew Greeley calls a \"dramatic transformation.\" In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950,", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-93", "score": 0.659383237361908, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-94", "score": 0.659383237361908, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-95", "score": 0.659383237361908, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-96", "score": 0.659383237361908, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-97", "score": 0.659383237361908, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2069193", "score": 0.6465625166893005, "text": "Edward Malloy The Rev. Edward Aloysius Malloy, C.S.C. (born May 3, 1941), nicknamed \"Monk\", served from 1987 to 2005 as the 16th president of the University of Notre Dame. Edward Malloy was born on May 3, 1941 in Washington, D.C.. He attended Archbishop Carroll High School, where he was part of a basketball team that included John Thompson and Tom Hoover. During his senior season, the team started a 55-game winning streak. He received a B.A. and an M.A. in English from the University of Notre Dame in 1963 and 1967, and an M.A. in Theology in 1969. As an", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-896583", "score": 0.6404118537902832, "text": "Since the college became coeducational it has seen enrollment double from nearly 1,000 in 2001 to over 2,000 in 2010. In 2008, NDC began construction on two additional residence halls, North and South halls. The structures opened in 2009 at a cost of $15 million. Notre Dame College offers associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees and is divided into five Academic Divisions: The college also has three special programs and two interdisciplinary programs. NDC currently offers 30 majors in its bachelor's degree programs. It also offers an Associate in Arts degree in Pastoral Ministry. and a master's degree in", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-693990", "score": 0.6378398537635803, "text": "University of Notre Dame established to govern the University. The Fellows are a group of six Holy Cross religious and six lay members who have final say over the operation of the university. The Fellows vote on potential trustees and sign off on all major decisions by that body. The Trustees elect the president and provide general guidance and governance to the university. Notre Dame's financial endowment was started in the early 1920s by university president James Burns, and increased to US$7 million by 1952 when Hesburgh became president. By the 1980s it reached $150 million, and in 2000, it returned a record 57.9%", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1722147", "score": 0.6346392631530762, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1807267", "score": 0.6346392631530762, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2755088", "score": 0.6346392631530762, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3257334", "score": 0.6346392631530762, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1146461", "score": 0.6321506500244141, "text": "University of Notre Dame investment. For the 2007 fiscal year, the endowment had grown to approximately $6.5 billion, putting the university in the top-15 largest endowments in the country. In October 2018, the University listed its endowment at National Association of College and University Business Officers published Notre Dame's endowment at $13.1 billion. As of fall 2014, Notre Dame had 12,292 students and employed 1,126 full-time faculty members and another 190 part-time members to give a student/faculty ratio of 8:1. All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the \"First", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.6202665567398071, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.6202665567398071, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.6202665567398071, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.6202665567398071, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-133", "score": 0.8366003632545471, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-4041888", "score": 0.7580572962760925, "text": "University of Notre Dame without a medical school at the time. Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by Fr. John I. Jenkins, the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1121748", "score": 0.7022522687911987, "text": "John I. Jenkins the University’s new Energy Center, now the Center for Sustainable Energy at Notre Dame (ND Energy), a semiconductor processing and device fabrication clean room, and an undergraduate inter-disciplinary learning center. Although Jenkins has repeatedly vowed to maintain Notre Dame’s identity as a Catholic university, he has not been immune to criticism. His decisions include an invitation to President Barack Obama to attend Notre Dame's 2009 commencement ceremony and to receive an honorary degree was heavily criticized by some Catholics, including some American bishops, who opposed the invitation because of Obama's stance on abortion. He has also been criticized for other", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3587792", "score": 0.6994510889053345, "text": "University of Notre Dame ever made to an American Catholic university. He also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of what Andrew Greeley calls a \"dramatic transformation.\" In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950,", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-693990", "score": 0.6944438815116882, "text": "University of Notre Dame established to govern the University. The Fellows are a group of six Holy Cross religious and six lay members who have final say over the operation of the university. The Fellows vote on potential trustees and sign off on all major decisions by that body. The Trustees elect the president and provide general guidance and governance to the university. Notre Dame's financial endowment was started in the early 1920s by university president James Burns, and increased to US$7 million by 1952 when Hesburgh became president. By the 1980s it reached $150 million, and in 2000, it returned a record 57.9%", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2515460", "score": 0.6910415291786194, "text": "the condition that they play no varsity sports. John J. Cavanaugh The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. (Jan. 23, 1899 – Dec. 28, 1979), a priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross, served from 1946 to 1952 as the 14th president of the University of Notre Dame, having previously served as its vice president since 1941. Cavanaugh's family emigrated from the tri-County region of southwest County Wicklow, on the Cos. Carlow and Wexford border. They settled originally in Erinsville, Ontario and later trekked to the upper Middle West, settling in Owosso, MI. Cavanaugh was a first cousin to the Honorable", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-426792", "score": 0.6877694129943848, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1787802", "score": 0.6875270009040833, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1984026", "score": 0.6875270009040833, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3014525", "score": 0.6875270009040833, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6817387342453003, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-221895", "score": 0.6814632415771484, "text": "Notre Dame Stadium 2014, the university announced plans to attach three new buildings to the stadium, totaling more than 750,000 square feet in expansions and costing about $400 million, with a timetable of 33 months for completion. According to a published statement by university president John I. Jenkins, \"the integrated nature of this project will maintain the compact walkability of campus, facilitate deeper connection and collaboration across the various units of the university, and offer an exciting addition\" to the campus. The FieldTurf installation, as scheduled, began after Commencement Weekend on May 16–18, and the university sold sections of the old turf to", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2069193", "score": 0.6798375844955444, "text": "Edward Malloy The Rev. Edward Aloysius Malloy, C.S.C. (born May 3, 1941), nicknamed \"Monk\", served from 1987 to 2005 as the 16th president of the University of Notre Dame. Edward Malloy was born on May 3, 1941 in Washington, D.C.. He attended Archbishop Carroll High School, where he was part of a basketball team that included John Thompson and Tom Hoover. During his senior season, the team started a 55-game winning streak. He received a B.A. and an M.A. in English from the University of Notre Dame in 1963 and 1967, and an M.A. in Theology in 1969. As an", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3791390", "score": 0.6791611909866333, "text": "John H. Garvey John Hugh Garvey (born in Sharon, Pennsylvania, September 28, 1948) is the 15th President of the Catholic University of America. Trained as a lawyer, Garvey assumed his current position in 2011. It has been said that \"by pretty much any standard one cares to cite, [he] is among the more intriguing figures on the U.S. Catholic landscape these days\". John H. Garvey attended the University of Notre Dame where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1970. He was candidate for a Master of Theological Studies degree at Harvard Divinity School (1970–71), and then entered the", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-264", "score": 0.6765232086181641, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-265", "score": 0.6765232086181641, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-266", "score": 0.6765232086181641, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-267", "score": 0.6765232086181641, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-268", "score": 0.6765232086181641, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-135110", "score": 0.6728248000144958, "text": "John J. Cavanaugh The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. (Jan. 23, 1899 – Dec. 28, 1979), a priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross, served from 1946 to 1952 as the 14th president of the University of Notre Dame, having previously served as its vice president since 1941. Cavanaugh's family emigrated from the tri-County region of southwest County Wicklow, on the Cos. Carlow and Wexford border. They settled originally in Erinsville, Ontario and later trekked to the upper Middle West, settling in Owosso, MI. Cavanaugh was a first cousin to the Honorable John Franklin Kinney of Rochester, New York. The", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3481957", "score": 0.669715166091919, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-134", "score": 0.7613630294799805, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-4041888", "score": 0.6867026686668396, "text": "University of Notre Dame without a medical school at the time. Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by Fr. John I. Jenkins, the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1121748", "score": 0.6859776377677917, "text": "John I. Jenkins the University’s new Energy Center, now the Center for Sustainable Energy at Notre Dame (ND Energy), a semiconductor processing and device fabrication clean room, and an undergraduate inter-disciplinary learning center. Although Jenkins has repeatedly vowed to maintain Notre Dame’s identity as a Catholic university, he has not been immune to criticism. His decisions include an invitation to President Barack Obama to attend Notre Dame's 2009 commencement ceremony and to receive an honorary degree was heavily criticized by some Catholics, including some American bishops, who opposed the invitation because of Obama's stance on abortion. He has also been criticized for other", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3587792", "score": 0.6679198145866394, "text": "University of Notre Dame ever made to an American Catholic university. He also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of what Andrew Greeley calls a \"dramatic transformation.\" In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950,", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-264", "score": 0.6666228175163269, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-265", "score": 0.6666228175163269, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-266", "score": 0.6666228175163269, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-267", "score": 0.6666228175163269, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-268", "score": 0.6666228175163269, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-693990", "score": 0.6664643287658691, "text": "University of Notre Dame established to govern the University. The Fellows are a group of six Holy Cross religious and six lay members who have final say over the operation of the university. The Fellows vote on potential trustees and sign off on all major decisions by that body. The Trustees elect the president and provide general guidance and governance to the university. Notre Dame's financial endowment was started in the early 1920s by university president James Burns, and increased to US$7 million by 1952 when Hesburgh became president. By the 1980s it reached $150 million, and in 2000, it returned a record 57.9%", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1591244", "score": 0.6571082472801208, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3481957", "score": 0.6569833755493164, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-234", "score": 0.65297532081604, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-235", "score": 0.65297532081604, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-236", "score": 0.65297532081604, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-237", "score": 0.65297532081604, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-238", "score": 0.65297532081604, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1146254", "score": 0.6529036164283752, "text": "subscribers, asking them to pick their top three presidential choices. The poll included 32 potential candidates, including Daniels. In March 2015, Fortune Magazine named Daniels No. 41 on its list of the world's 50 greatest leaders, generating a new round of calls for Daniels to consider his options in 2016. Daniels was the only American university president and one of two national political figures to make the global list. The Purdue University Board of Trustees unanimously elected Mitch Daniels president of Purdue University on June 21, 2012. As governor, Daniels had appointed 8 of the 10 Board members and had", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2069193", "score": 0.6523274183273315, "text": "Edward Malloy The Rev. Edward Aloysius Malloy, C.S.C. (born May 3, 1941), nicknamed \"Monk\", served from 1987 to 2005 as the 16th president of the University of Notre Dame. Edward Malloy was born on May 3, 1941 in Washington, D.C.. He attended Archbishop Carroll High School, where he was part of a basketball team that included John Thompson and Tom Hoover. During his senior season, the team started a 55-game winning streak. He received a B.A. and an M.A. in English from the University of Notre Dame in 1963 and 1967, and an M.A. in Theology in 1969. As an", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-68", "score": 0.652176558971405, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-69", "score": 0.652176558971405, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-135", "score": 0.8030431866645813, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-4041888", "score": 0.7009323239326477, "text": "University of Notre Dame without a medical school at the time. Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by Fr. John I. Jenkins, the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-264", "score": 0.6738464832305908, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-265", "score": 0.6738464832305908, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-266", "score": 0.6738464832305908, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-267", "score": 0.6738464832305908, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-268", "score": 0.6738464832305908, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3256497", "score": 0.6608105897903442, "text": "study bookkeeping and commercial law. He also laid the foundations for the development of a course in the sciences. He was popular with students because of his disciplinary leniency. He died of illness a few years later in 1868. Patrick Dillon The Rev. Patrick Dillon, C.S.C. (January 1, 1832 – November 15, 1868) was an Irish-American Catholic priest, and second President of the University of Notre Dame from 1865 to 1866. He was the first Irish priest of the University. The Rev. Patrick Dillon served as the second president of the University of Notre Dame from 1865 to 1866. He", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1121748", "score": 0.6583784222602844, "text": "John I. Jenkins the University’s new Energy Center, now the Center for Sustainable Energy at Notre Dame (ND Energy), a semiconductor processing and device fabrication clean room, and an undergraduate inter-disciplinary learning center. Although Jenkins has repeatedly vowed to maintain Notre Dame’s identity as a Catholic university, he has not been immune to criticism. His decisions include an invitation to President Barack Obama to attend Notre Dame's 2009 commencement ceremony and to receive an honorary degree was heavily criticized by some Catholics, including some American bishops, who opposed the invitation because of Obama's stance on abortion. He has also been criticized for other", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3587792", "score": 0.6516579985618591, "text": "University of Notre Dame ever made to an American Catholic university. He also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of what Andrew Greeley calls a \"dramatic transformation.\" In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950,", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-93", "score": 0.6473954319953918, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-94", "score": 0.6473954319953918, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-95", "score": 0.6473954319953918, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-96", "score": 0.6473954319953918, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-97", "score": 0.6473954319953918, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2515460", "score": 0.6450887322425842, "text": "the condition that they play no varsity sports. John J. Cavanaugh The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. (Jan. 23, 1899 – Dec. 28, 1979), a priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross, served from 1946 to 1952 as the 14th president of the University of Notre Dame, having previously served as its vice president since 1941. Cavanaugh's family emigrated from the tri-County region of southwest County Wicklow, on the Cos. Carlow and Wexford border. They settled originally in Erinsville, Ontario and later trekked to the upper Middle West, settling in Owosso, MI. Cavanaugh was a first cousin to the Honorable", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3791390", "score": 0.644367516040802, "text": "John H. Garvey John Hugh Garvey (born in Sharon, Pennsylvania, September 28, 1948) is the 15th President of the Catholic University of America. Trained as a lawyer, Garvey assumed his current position in 2011. It has been said that \"by pretty much any standard one cares to cite, [he] is among the more intriguing figures on the U.S. Catholic landscape these days\". John H. Garvey attended the University of Notre Dame where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1970. He was candidate for a Master of Theological Studies degree at Harvard Divinity School (1970–71), and then entered the", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-693990", "score": 0.6421183943748474, "text": "University of Notre Dame established to govern the University. The Fellows are a group of six Holy Cross religious and six lay members who have final say over the operation of the university. The Fellows vote on potential trustees and sign off on all major decisions by that body. The Trustees elect the president and provide general guidance and governance to the university. Notre Dame's financial endowment was started in the early 1920s by university president James Burns, and increased to US$7 million by 1952 when Hesburgh became president. By the 1980s it reached $150 million, and in 2000, it returned a record 57.9%", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1101827", "score": 0.6405367851257324, "text": "Poets, the Modern Language Association, the John Donne Society and The Renaissance Society of America. Scott Pilarz Rev. Scott R. Pilarz, S.J., (born July 31, 1959) is a Jesuit priest, academic and is the 24th and 26th president of University of Scranton. Previously serving as Scranton's President from 2003-2011, Pilarz was announced as the successor of Kevin Quinn on March 21, 2017. Prior to returning to Scranton, Pilarz served as the President of the Marquette University and Georgetown Prep. As an academic, Pilarz is considered an expert on medieval and Renaissance literature as well as Jesuit education. Scott Pilarz was", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-426792", "score": 0.6389834880828857, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1787802", "score": 0.6387189030647278, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-136", "score": 0.7379019856452942, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-148", "score": 0.6974743008613586, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-149", "score": 0.6974743008613586, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-150", "score": 0.6974743008613586, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-151", "score": 0.6974743008613586, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-152", "score": 0.6974743008613586, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2468457", "score": 0.6758171916007996, "text": "Edmund P. Joyce Center The Edmund P. Joyce Athletic & Convocation Center, often called the Joyce Center, formerly the Athletic & Convocation Center, is a 9,149-seat multi-purpose arena in Notre Dame, Indiana just north of South Bend. The arena opened in 1968. It is home to the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish basketball and volleyball teams. The main arena, Phillip J. Purcell Pavilion, is located in the southern portion of the facility. The northern portion housed a hockey rink until October 2011. It also houses the Castellan Family Fencing Center and Rolfs Aquatic Center (which was added on in", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-588380", "score": 0.6716187000274658, "text": "Compton Family Ice Arena The Compton Family Ice Arena is a 5,022-seat, two-rink ice facility in Notre Dame, Indiana on the campus of the University of Notre Dame. The arena saw its first game on October 21, 2011. The ice arena replaced the 2,857-seat rink in the north dome of the Edmund P. Joyce Center. It is named in honor of former San Jose Sharks part-owners Kevin and Gayla Compton, whose gift led funding for the project. The new ice arena is located south of the Joyce Center, just north of Edison Road, and just west of where the new", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-3421393", "score": 0.661153256893158, "text": "Hinkle Fieldhouse Hinkle Fieldhouse is a basketball arena located on the campus of Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. When built in 1928, it was the largest basketball arena in the United States, a distinction it retained until 1950. It is the sixth-oldest college basketball arena still in use, and it is a U.S. National Historic Landmark. It is among the earliest of the major college fieldhouses, which, along with rules changes that made for a faster game, transformed college basketball in the late 1920s and 1930s. Hinkle Fieldhouse is nicknamed \"Indiana's Basketball Cathedral\" due to the rich history", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1241097", "score": 0.6609706282615662, "text": "Hinkle Fieldhouse Hinkle Fieldhouse is a basketball arena located on the campus of Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. When built in 1928, it was the largest basketball arena in the United States, a distinction it retained until 1950. It is the sixth-oldest college basketball arena still in use, and it is a U.S. National Historic Landmark. It is among the earliest of the major college fieldhouses, which, along with rules changes that made for a faster game, transformed college basketball in the late 1920s and 1930s. Hinkle Fieldhouse is nicknamed \"Indiana's Basketball Cathedral\" due to the rich history", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-4041888", "score": 0.6569382548332214, "text": "University of Notre Dame without a medical school at the time. Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by Fr. John I. Jenkins, the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2317376", "score": 0.6522814631462097, "text": "Notre Dame Stadium measured a half-mile (800 m) in circumference, stood high, and featured a glass-enclosed press box rising above ground level. Initial stands reached 55 rows. Sollitt Construction Company of South Bend was the general contractor, and earth preparation began in the fall of 1929. Due to an unusually cold fall and winter, above-ground construction did not begin until April 2, 1930, so it was effectively built in six months. Over two million bricks were used in the construction of the walls and the concrete was placed in a monolithic continuous placement by section. There were over 300 workers on the site", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3227429", "score": 0.6467227339744568, "text": "Devlin Fieldhouse Avron B. Fogelman Arena in Devlin Fieldhouse is a 4,100-seat, multi-purpose arena built in 1933 on Tulane University's Uptown campus in New Orleans, Louisiana. Since its opening, it has been home to the Tulane Green Wave men's and women's basketball teams and the women's volleyball team. Devlin is the 9th-oldest continuously active basketball venue in the nation. Devlin Fieldhouse is now for its historic halftime shootarounds, most recently featuring former greats Mitchell “Beast” Ratcliff, Karl Hoefer, Chris Chimento, Christian Marks, and Will Hillery. Construction of Tulane Gym began in 1931 with funds earned from the football team's appearance", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1120129", "score": 0.6413102746009827, "text": "school in April 2016 to help with its current improvements. The arena is also used for concerts, conventions, trade shows, graduation ceremonies and other special events. The arena floor measures ; there are two meeting rooms. At the end of the 2016-17 academic year, a $60 million renovation and is scheduled to reopen by the start of the 2018–19 season. During the renovations, Villanova's men's team played the 2017–18 season at Wells Fargo Center, while the women's team used Jake Nevin Field House. Finneran Pavilion The William B. Finneran Pavilion is a 6,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States,", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-221895", "score": 0.6407777070999146, "text": "Notre Dame Stadium 2014, the university announced plans to attach three new buildings to the stadium, totaling more than 750,000 square feet in expansions and costing about $400 million, with a timetable of 33 months for completion. According to a published statement by university president John I. Jenkins, \"the integrated nature of this project will maintain the compact walkability of campus, facilitate deeper connection and collaboration across the various units of the university, and offer an exciting addition\" to the campus. The FieldTurf installation, as scheduled, began after Commencement Weekend on May 16–18, and the university sold sections of the old turf to", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1831126", "score": 0.6394912600517273, "text": "Prudential Center Prudential Center is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the central business district of Newark, New Jersey, United States. It was designed by HOK Sport (now Populous), with the exterior designed by Morris Adjmi Architects. Opened in 2007, it is the home of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the men's basketball program of Seton Hall University, known as the Seton Hall Pirates. The arena officially seats 16,514 patrons for hockey games and up to 18,711 for basketball. Fans and sports writers have affectionately nicknamed the arena \"The Rock\" in reference to the Rock", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3622763", "score": 0.6383798122406006, "text": "Notre Dame Stadium Notre Dame Stadium is an outdoor football stadium in Notre Dame, Indiana, the home field of the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Located on the university's campus, it also hosts commencement. Opened the stadium seating capacity was nearly 60,000 for decades. More than 21,000 seats were added for the 1997 season, which increased the capacity to over 80,000. After the Campus Crossroads renovation, the seat number decreased to 77,622. The playing surface was changed to FieldTurf in 2014, after 84 seasons on natural grass. The playing field has a conventional north-south alignment at an approximate elevation", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2235194", "score": 0.638146698474884, "text": "St. John Arena St. John Arena is a multi-purpose arena on the campus of The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, United States. The arena was named for Lynn St. John, who served as Ohio State's men's basketball coach and athletic director until 1947. Located on north campus between Woody Hayes Drive and Lane Avenue, the 13,276-seat arena was built in 1956. When it housed the Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team from its completion until 1998, it saw the Buckeyes win the 1960 National Championship and five straight Big Ten titles from 1960 to 1964 under coach Fred Taylor.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3745322", "score": 0.6381204724311829, "text": "Main Building (University of Notre Dame) University of Notre Dame's Main Administration Building (known as the Main Building or the \"Golden Dome\") houses various administrative offices, including the Office of the President. Atop of the building stands the Golden Dome, the most recognizable landmark of the University. Three buildings were built at the site; the first was built in 1843 and replaced with a larger one in 1865, which burned down in 1879, after which the third and current building was erected. The building hosts the administrative offices of the University, as well as classrooms, art collections, and exhibition spaces.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1989518", "score": 0.6380652785301208, "text": "Main Building (University of Notre Dame) University of Notre Dame's Main Administration Building (known as the Main Building or the \"Golden Dome\") houses various administrative offices, including the Office of the President. Atop of the building stands the Golden Dome, the most recognizable landmark of the University. Three buildings were built at the site; the first was built in 1843 and replaced with a larger one in 1865, which burned down in 1879, after which the third and current building was erected. The building hosts the administrative offices of the University, as well as classrooms, art collections, and exhibition spaces.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6358054280281067, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-137", "score": 0.763861358165741, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3622763", "score": 0.6844624280929565, "text": "Notre Dame Stadium Notre Dame Stadium is an outdoor football stadium in Notre Dame, Indiana, the home field of the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Located on the university's campus, it also hosts commencement. Opened the stadium seating capacity was nearly 60,000 for decades. More than 21,000 seats were added for the 1997 season, which increased the capacity to over 80,000. After the Campus Crossroads renovation, the seat number decreased to 77,622. The playing surface was changed to FieldTurf in 2014, after 84 seasons on natural grass. The playing field has a conventional north-south alignment at an approximate elevation", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-803046", "score": 0.6807571053504944, "text": "Notre Dame Stadium arms, which are similar in appearance to the raised arms of a referee signifying a touchdown. The expansion of the stadium in the late 1990s partially obscured the view of the mural from the playing field. \"The Word of Life\" mural was a gift of Mr. and Mrs. Howard V. Phalin of Winnetka, Illinois. In January 2014, the University announced a $400 million enhancement of the stadium, the Campus Crossroads project. This expansion features 3, 8-story high buildings, on the west, south, and east sides of the stadium. The expansion added more than 750,000 square feet of teaching, research, and", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-239", "score": 0.6686404347419739, "text": "George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916–20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and \"win one for the Gipper.\" The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52–21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35–27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-240", "score": 0.6686404347419739, "text": "George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916–20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and \"win one for the Gipper.\" The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52–21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35–27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-241", "score": 0.6686404347419739, "text": "George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916–20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and \"win one for the Gipper.\" The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52–21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35–27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-242", "score": 0.6686404347419739, "text": "George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916–20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and \"win one for the Gipper.\" The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52–21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35–27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-243", "score": 0.6686404347419739, "text": "George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916–20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and \"win one for the Gipper.\" The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52–21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35–27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-148", "score": 0.6595872044563293, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-149", "score": 0.6595872044563293, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-150", "score": 0.6595872044563293, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-151", "score": 0.6595872044563293, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-152", "score": 0.6595872044563293, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-128", "score": 0.6532965898513794, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-129", "score": 0.6532965898513794, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-130", "score": 0.6532965898513794, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-131", "score": 0.6532965898513794, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-132", "score": 0.6532965898513794, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-982321", "score": 0.6520938277244568, "text": "as 1964 Heisman Trophy winner John Huarte, 1970 Heisman runner-up Joe Theismann, Steve Beuerlein, Jimmy Clausen and Jarious Jackson. In 2011, both Michigan and Notre Dame wore throwback uniforms in their game against each other. For the Shamrock Series games Notre Dame and their outfitters have announced that the school will wear specially-designed helmets, jerseys, and pants. Notre Dame Stadium is the home football stadium for the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team. Located on the southeast part of the university's campus in Notre Dame, Indiana and with a seating capacity of 77,622, Notre Dame Stadium is one", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-4041540", "score": 0.6520938277244568, "text": "as 1964 Heisman Trophy winner John Huarte, 1970 Heisman runner-up Joe Theismann, Steve Beuerlein, Jimmy Clausen and Jarious Jackson. In 2011, both Michigan and Notre Dame wore throwback uniforms in their game against each other. For the Shamrock Series games Notre Dame and their outfitters have announced that the school will wear specially-designed helmets, jerseys, and pants. Notre Dame Stadium is the home football stadium for the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team. Located on the southeast part of the university's campus in Notre Dame, Indiana and with a seating capacity of 77,622, Notre Dame Stadium is one", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2317376", "score": 0.6510013937950134, "text": "Notre Dame Stadium measured a half-mile (800 m) in circumference, stood high, and featured a glass-enclosed press box rising above ground level. Initial stands reached 55 rows. Sollitt Construction Company of South Bend was the general contractor, and earth preparation began in the fall of 1929. Due to an unusually cold fall and winter, above-ground construction did not begin until April 2, 1930, so it was effectively built in six months. Over two million bricks were used in the construction of the walls and the concrete was placed in a monolithic continuous placement by section. There were over 300 workers on the site", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-138", "score": 0.6356452107429504, "text": "Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-136993", "score": 0.6038088202476501, "text": "Albert College (Dublin) Albert College is the oldest building on the campus of Dublin City University and contains the offices of the university president, the DCU Educational Trust, and other executive offices of the university; the building dates from 1851. The Albert College Building also houses the 1838 Club, a restaurant for staff and postgraduate research students. The adjoining \"Albert College Extension\" contained laboratories for the school of engineering and was opened in 1985. The college is located in Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland. In 1838, John Pitt Kennedy, the first inspector-general of the nascent Irish National School system, acquired land for", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2988834", "score": 0.6036849021911621, "text": "Roman Colleges Pius IX. The Beda is the responsibility of the Bishops of England and Wales, but has opened its doors to receive men from English-speaking countries worldwide. The college mission has always been to help older men adapt as Catholic priests. The Irish College in Rome (\"Pontificio Collegio Irlandese\") was founded on 1 January 1628 for the training of Irish seminarians. The South American College in Rome (\"Collegio Pio-Latino-Americano Pontificio\") was founded on 21 November 1858, for students from Central and South America. The Maronite College in Rome (\"Pontificio Collegio dei Maroniti\") was founded by Gregory XIII in 1584, and had", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2867068", "score": 0.6034308671951294, "text": "Cor Jesu College Cor Jesu College (CJC) is a Roman Catholic educational institution in Digos City, Philippines. It is guided by the teachings of the Church and the Charism of its founders, the Brothers of the Sacred Heart. Founded and administered by the Brothers of the Sacred Heart, Cor Jesu College's roots trace back to June 1959, when Father Maurice Leveille, P.M.E. parish priest of Digos and on invitation of the late Bishop Clovis Thibault, P.M.E., three brothers of the Sacred Heart, Bro. Jean Paul \"Elric\" Beaudet, S.C., Bro. Conrad [Clement] Tranchemontagne, S.C., and Bro. Guillaume McCabe, S.C. took over", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3593655", "score": 0.6032279133796692, "text": "Oxford Movement The Oxford Movement was a movement of High Church members of the Church of England which eventually developed into Anglo-Catholicism. The movement, whose original devotees were mostly associated with the University of Oxford, argued for the reinstatement of some older Christian traditions of faith and their inclusion into Anglican liturgy and theology. They thought of Anglicanism as one of three branches of the One, Holy, catholic, and Apostolic Church. The movement's philosophy was known as Tractarianism after its series of publications, the \"Tracts for the Times\", published from 1833 to 1841. Tractarians were also disparagingly referred to as", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-857726", "score": 0.6031560301780701, "text": "Religious Sisters of Charity The Religious Sisters of Charity or Irish Sisters of Charity is a Roman Catholic religious institute founded by Mary Aikenhead in Ireland in 1815. Its motto is \"Caritas Christi urget nos\" (\"The love Christ urges us on\") (2 Corinthians 5:14). The institute has its headquarters at Harold's Cross in Dublin and operates in the Ireland, England, Scotland, Nigeria, Zambia, United States and Venezuela. The website states that 'The whole congregation is governed by a congregational leader, assisted by a group of sisters known as the general leadership team or the general council.' The Religious Sisters of", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2381326", "score": 0.6028287410736084, "text": "Old Main (Bethany College) destroyed Society Hall. The building was constructed from 1858 and 1871 and \"represents\" the college's \"pivotal historical role as the headquarters of Alexander Campbell (1788–1866), a principal founder of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).\" The college \"is the fountainhead institution of more than a hundred colleges and universities established in the United States by the church.\" It is \"intimately linked to the Scots-Irish ethnic settlement of the American frontier,\" and \"Old Main is one of the country's earliest intact large-scale examples of collegiate Gothic architecture.\" A 1909 photo shows the coal smokestacks on the roofline. John F. Kennedy spoke", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2960225", "score": 0.6027783155441284, "text": "Pontifical Gregorian University The Pontifical Gregorian University (; also known as the Gregoriana) is a higher education ecclesiastical school (pontifical university) located in Rome, Italy. It was originally a part of the Roman College founded in 1551 by Ignatius of Loyola, and included all grades of schooling. The university division of philosophy and theology of the Roman College was given Papal approval in 1556, making it the first university founded by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). In 1584 the Roman College was given a grandiose new home by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom it was renamed. It was already making", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-3220820", "score": 0.6027783155441284, "text": "Pontifical Gregorian University The Pontifical Gregorian University (; also known as the Gregoriana) is a higher education ecclesiastical school (pontifical university) located in Rome, Italy. It was originally a part of the Roman College founded in 1551 by Ignatius of Loyola, and included all grades of schooling. The university division of philosophy and theology of the Roman College was given Papal approval in 1556, making it the first university founded by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits). In 1584 the Roman College was given a grandiose new home by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom it was renamed. It was already making", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2872930", "score": 0.6024059057235718, "text": "Notre Dame Glee Club The Notre Dame Glee Club is a 75-voice, all-male choral ensemble at the University of Notre Dame. Founded in 1915 in the tradition of English and American glee clubs, it is the oldest Glee Club at a Catholic University in the United States. Samuel Ward Perrott founded the Notre Dame Glee Club in 1915. Perrott had studied at Notre Dame (1912–1914, 1915–1916) as well as Harvard University (1914–1915). While at Harvard, Perrott joined the Harvard Glee Club under direction of Archibald Davison. According to the 1916 edition of Notre Dame's yearbook, the Dome, it was at", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1319371", "score": 0.6024028062820435, "text": "Congregation of Jesus and Mary The Congregation of Jesus and Mary (Latin: \"Congregatio Iesu et Mariae\"), commonly referred to as the Eudists (Latin: \"Congregatio Eudistarum\"), is a Society of Apostolic Life in the Roman Catholic Church. The Congregation of Jesus and Mary was instituted at Caen, in Normandy, France, on 25 March 1643 by Saint Jean Eudes, exemplar of the French school of spirituality. The principal works of the Congregation are the education of priests in seminaries and the giving of missions. To develop the spirit of Jesus Christ in the members of the Congregation, Father Eudes caused to be", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3572149", "score": 0.6024028062820435, "text": "Congregation of Jesus and Mary The Congregation of Jesus and Mary (Latin: \"Congregatio Iesu et Mariae\"), commonly referred to as the Eudists (Latin: \"Congregatio Eudistarum\"), is a Society of Apostolic Life in the Roman Catholic Church. The Congregation of Jesus and Mary was instituted at Caen, in Normandy, France, on 25 March 1643 by Saint Jean Eudes, exemplar of the French school of spirituality. The principal works of the Congregation are the education of priests in seminaries and the giving of missions. To develop the spirit of Jesus Christ in the members of the Congregation, Father Eudes caused to be", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-213674", "score": 0.602400004863739, "text": "New College, Oxford colleges, New College admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979, after six centuries as an institution for men only. New College is one of the wealthiest colleges in Oxford University. As of July 2017, it had a financial endowment in excess of £243 million, and net assets of over £286 million. Despite its name, New College is one of the oldest of the Oxford colleges; it was founded in 1379 by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester, as \"The College of St Mary of Winchester in Oxford\", the second college in Oxford to be dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2770536", "score": 0.602400004863739, "text": "New College, Oxford colleges, New College admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979, after six centuries as an institution for men only. New College is one of the wealthiest colleges in Oxford University. As of July 2017, it had a financial endowment in excess of £243 million, and net assets of over £286 million. Despite its name, New College is one of the oldest of the Oxford colleges; it was founded in 1379 by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester, as \"The College of St Mary of Winchester in Oxford\", the second college in Oxford to be dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1725207", "score": 0.6022842526435852, "text": "other, Weston Jesuit School of Theology, completed a similar affiliation with Boston College in June 2008, becoming Boston College School of Theology and Ministry. Santa Clara University is civilly chartered and governed by a board of trustees, which appoints the president. By internal statute, the president must be a member of the Jesuit order, although the members of the board are primarily non-Jesuits. About 42 Jesuit priests and brothers are active teachers and administrators in various departments and centers located on the main campus in Santa Clara. An additional 15 Jesuits currently hold faculty positions at the university's Jesuit School", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2194259", "score": 0.6022842526435852, "text": "other, Weston Jesuit School of Theology, completed a similar affiliation with Boston College in June 2008, becoming Boston College School of Theology and Ministry. Santa Clara University is civilly chartered and governed by a board of trustees, which appoints the president. By internal statute, the president must be a member of the Jesuit order, although the members of the board are primarily non-Jesuits. About 42 Jesuit priests and brothers are active teachers and administrators in various departments and centers located on the main campus in Santa Clara. An additional 15 Jesuits currently hold faculty positions at the university's Jesuit School", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3892649", "score": 0.6017656922340393, "text": "its earliest years, meeting in various church and public buildings around the city. Its archives are now held in the Bodleian Library and it has the use of a small store room at St Ebbe's church and New Road Baptist Church. Oxford Inter-Collegiate Christian Union The Oxford Inter-Collegiate Christian Union, usually known as OICCU ( ), is the world's second oldest university Christian Union and is the University of Oxford's most prominent student Christian organisation. It was formed in 1879. Due to the strength of the Oxford Movement and later the Oxford Groups (alternative Christian movements), Evangelical Christians in Oxford", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-701349", "score": 0.601707398891449, "text": "English College, Douai to Douai. In England, the Penal Laws had recently been repealed, and they founded two colleges to continue the college's work, at Crook Hall, County Durham (afterwards removed to Ushaw College, County Durham) in the North and St Edmund's College, Old Hall, at Ware, Hertfordshire in the South. The Roman pension was divided equally between these two until the French occupied Rome in 1799, when it ceased to be paid. After the Revolution, Bonaparte united all the British establishments in France under one administrator, Rev. Francis Walsh, an Irishman. On the Bourbon Restoration, a large sum of money was paid", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-626982", "score": 0.601662278175354, "text": "Over the years as needs arose, additional high schools and colleges were founded. Later, meeting the needs of the time, this ministry expanded to include preschools, early childhood centers, and adult literacy centers. Many educational institutions established by the founding congregations of the Dominican Sisters of Peace are still in operation today. Colleges include Albertus Magnus College, New Haven, Connecticut; Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio; and St. Catharine College, St. Catharine, Kentucky. High schools and grade schools include Dominican Academy, New York City; Our Lady of the Elms High School and Grade School, Akron, Ohio; St. Agnes Academy-St. Dominic School,", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2137450", "score": 0.6016388535499573, "text": "Campus of the University of Notre Dame in 1993 by Fathers Timothy Scully and Sean McGraw and serves dioceses in need over the country by providing education to lower income families. The building is environmentally friendly and was awarded the LEED Gold certification. It encloses a cloister garden that recalls the former convent of the Holy Cross novitiate. Student Health services are hosted in St. Liam Hall. The first University infirmary was destroyed in the great fire of 1879, and rebuilt the same year in the same spot behind Main Building. This structured survived until 1936, when it was razed to build the current structure. The present", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-978051", "score": 0.601597785949707, "text": "St. Gregory's Abbey (Oklahoma) St. Gregory's Abbey is a Roman Catholic monastery of the American-Cassinese Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation. The monastery, founded by monks of the French monastery of in 1876, was originally located in present-day Konawa, Oklahoma and called Sacred Heart Abbey. At present the community numbers around twenty-one monks who celebrate the Eucharist and Liturgy of the Hours. They used to staff various parishes but no longer do so, and their school, St. Gregory's University, was closed and filed for bankruptcy in 2017. The abbey is located in Shawnee, Oklahoma. Benedictine monks first arrived from France in", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-139", "score": 0.6914281845092773, "text": "Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.6563085317611694, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-626269", "score": 0.6496176719665527, "text": "St. Peter Catholic Church (Manhattan) killed. In October 1836, the cornerstone for a larger St. Peter's Church was laid, and by 1840 the current structure was built. In addition to Roman Catholic services, From 1899 to 1916 St. Peter's also hosted services in the lower churchfor Byzantine-rite Syrian and Lebanese Catholics, who during that period did not have their own church. St. Peter's Church is the very first place Fr. Edward Frederick Sorin, founder of the University of Notre Dame, celebrated Mass upon his arrival in America in 1842. On September 10, 2001, Father Mychal Judge OFM, chaplain for the New York City Fire Department,", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-631405", "score": 0.649601936340332, "text": "Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris Saint-Sulpice () is a Roman Catholic church in Paris, France, on the east side of the Place Saint-Sulpice within the rue Bonaparte, in the Odéon Quarter of the 6th arrondissement. At 113 metres long, 58 metres in width and 34 metres tall, it is only slightly smaller than Notre-Dame and thus the second largest church in the city. It is dedicated to Sulpitius the Pious. Construction of the present building, the second church on the site, began in 1646. During the 18th century, an elaborate gnomon, the Gnomon of Saint-Sulpice, was constructed in the church. The", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-185", "score": 0.6494501233100891, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-186", "score": 0.6494501233100891, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-187", "score": 0.6494501233100891, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-188", "score": 0.6494501233100891, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-189", "score": 0.6494501233100891, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-754293", "score": 0.6450116634368896, "text": "St. Patrick's Church (New Orleans, Louisiana) St. Patrick's Church is a Catholic church and parish in the Archdiocese of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. The parish was founded in 1833, and the current structure was completed in 1840. It is the second-oldest parish in New Orleans (the oldest parish is St. Louis Cathedral), located upriver from the French Quarter at 724 Camp Street in what is now the Central Business District. The building, a National Historic Landmark, is one of the nation's earliest and finest examples of Gothic Revival architecture. The first major development in New Orleans outside of the", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-200", "score": 0.6442980766296387, "text": "In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel. He soon erected additional buildings, including Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-201", "score": 0.6442980766296387, "text": "In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel. He soon erected additional buildings, including Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-202", "score": 0.6442980766296387, "text": "In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel. He soon erected additional buildings, including Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-203", "score": 0.6442980766296387, "text": "In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel. He soon erected additional buildings, including Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-204", "score": 0.6442980766296387, "text": "In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel. He soon erected additional buildings, including Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2143697", "score": 0.6435928344726562, "text": "Basilica of the Sacred Heart (Notre Dame) France were destroyed during the two World Wars. The windows depict saints, apostles, theologians, and biblical scenes and many of the figures are life-sized. A window on the north side of the west transept depicts the Sacred Heart of Jesus that inspired the Basilica's name, while another on the south side shows Father Sorin presenting the building to God. The Basilica contains seven side chapels. The most prominent is the Lady Chapel, located behind the main altar. A Lady chapel was a common feature in medieval cathedrals and it was also inspired by the one present in St. Patrick's Cathedral", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2522318", "score": 0.6435928344726562, "text": "Basilica of the Sacred Heart (Notre Dame) France were destroyed during the two World Wars. The windows depict saints, apostles, theologians, and biblical scenes and many of the figures are life-sized. A window on the north side of the west transept depicts the Sacred Heart of Jesus that inspired the Basilica's name, while another on the south side shows Father Sorin presenting the building to God. The Basilica contains seven side chapels. The most prominent is the Lady Chapel, located behind the main altar. A Lady chapel was a common feature in medieval cathedrals and it was also inspired by the one present in St. Patrick's Cathedral", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1645516", "score": 0.6428154110908508, "text": "rose window. Large stone pieces of the window's tracery and sections of stained glass fell onto the tracker-action pipe organ located below the rose window, causing severe damage to the instrument. Soissons Cathedral Soissons Cathedral (French: \"Cathédrale Saint-Gervais-et-Saint-Protais\") is a Gothic basilica church in Soissons, France. It is the seat of the Bishop of Soissons, Laon, and Saint-Quentin. The construction of the south transept was begun about 1177, and the lowest courses of the choir in 1182. The choir, with its original three-storey elevation and extremely tall clerestory, was completed in 1211. This was earlier than Chartres, on which the", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-923230", "score": 0.6411564350128174, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1685338", "score": 0.6411564350128174, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2016128", "score": 0.6411564350128174, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-140", "score": 0.6815506219863892, "text": "Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-49399", "score": 0.6449925303459167, "text": "Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum (\"French work\") with the term Gothic first appearing during the later part of the Renaissance. Its characteristics include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings, such as dorms and rooms.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-49400", "score": 0.6449925303459167, "text": "Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum (\"French work\") with the term Gothic first appearing during the later part of the Renaissance. Its characteristics include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings, such as dorms and rooms.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-49401", "score": 0.6449925303459167, "text": "Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum (\"French work\") with the term Gothic first appearing during the later part of the Renaissance. Its characteristics include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings, such as dorms and rooms.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-49402", "score": 0.6449925303459167, "text": "Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum (\"French work\") with the term Gothic first appearing during the later part of the Renaissance. Its characteristics include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings, such as dorms and rooms.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-49403", "score": 0.6449925303459167, "text": "Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Francigenum (\"French work\") with the term Gothic first appearing during the later part of the Renaissance. Its characteristics include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. Gothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of Europe. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities and to a less prominent extent, private dwellings, such as dorms and rooms.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-65440", "score": 0.6444689631462097, "text": "Parisian examples of European architecture date back more than a millennium; including the Romanesque church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (1014-1163); the early Gothic Architecture of the Basilica of Saint-Denis (1144), the Notre Dame Cathedral (1163-1345), the Flamboyant Gothic of Saint Chapelle (1239-1248), the Baroque churches of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis (1627-1641) and Les Invalides (1670-1708). The 19th century produced the neoclassical church of La Madeleine (1808-1842); the Palais Garnier Opera House (1875); the neo-Byzantine Basilica of Sacré-Cœur (1875-1919), and the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower (1889). Striking examples of 20th century architecture include the Centre Georges Pompidou by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano (1977), and the Louvre Pyramid by I.M. Pei (1989). Contemporary architecture includes the Musée du Quai Branly by Jean Nouvel (2006) and the new contemporary art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation by Frank Gehry (2014).", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-65441", "score": 0.6444689631462097, "text": "Parisian examples of European architecture date back more than a millennium; including the Romanesque church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (1014-1163); the early Gothic Architecture of the Basilica of Saint-Denis (1144), the Notre Dame Cathedral (1163-1345), the Flamboyant Gothic of Saint Chapelle (1239-1248), the Baroque churches of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis (1627-1641) and Les Invalides (1670-1708). The 19th century produced the neoclassical church of La Madeleine (1808-1842); the Palais Garnier Opera House (1875); the neo-Byzantine Basilica of Sacré-Cœur (1875-1919), and the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower (1889). Striking examples of 20th century architecture include the Centre Georges Pompidou by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano (1977), and the Louvre Pyramid by I.M. Pei (1989). Contemporary architecture includes the Musée du Quai Branly by Jean Nouvel (2006) and the new contemporary art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation by Frank Gehry (2014).", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-65442", "score": 0.6444689631462097, "text": "Parisian examples of European architecture date back more than a millennium; including the Romanesque church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (1014-1163); the early Gothic Architecture of the Basilica of Saint-Denis (1144), the Notre Dame Cathedral (1163-1345), the Flamboyant Gothic of Saint Chapelle (1239-1248), the Baroque churches of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis (1627-1641) and Les Invalides (1670-1708). The 19th century produced the neoclassical church of La Madeleine (1808-1842); the Palais Garnier Opera House (1875); the neo-Byzantine Basilica of Sacré-Cœur (1875-1919), and the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower (1889). Striking examples of 20th century architecture include the Centre Georges Pompidou by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano (1977), and the Louvre Pyramid by I.M. Pei (1989). Contemporary architecture includes the Musée du Quai Branly by Jean Nouvel (2006) and the new contemporary art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation by Frank Gehry (2014).", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-65443", "score": 0.6444689631462097, "text": "Parisian examples of European architecture date back more than a millennium; including the Romanesque church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (1014-1163); the early Gothic Architecture of the Basilica of Saint-Denis (1144), the Notre Dame Cathedral (1163-1345), the Flamboyant Gothic of Saint Chapelle (1239-1248), the Baroque churches of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis (1627-1641) and Les Invalides (1670-1708). The 19th century produced the neoclassical church of La Madeleine (1808-1842); the Palais Garnier Opera House (1875); the neo-Byzantine Basilica of Sacré-Cœur (1875-1919), and the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower (1889). Striking examples of 20th century architecture include the Centre Georges Pompidou by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano (1977), and the Louvre Pyramid by I.M. Pei (1989). Contemporary architecture includes the Musée du Quai Branly by Jean Nouvel (2006) and the new contemporary art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation by Frank Gehry (2014).", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-65444", "score": 0.6444689631462097, "text": "Parisian examples of European architecture date back more than a millennium; including the Romanesque church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (1014-1163); the early Gothic Architecture of the Basilica of Saint-Denis (1144), the Notre Dame Cathedral (1163-1345), the Flamboyant Gothic of Saint Chapelle (1239-1248), the Baroque churches of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis (1627-1641) and Les Invalides (1670-1708). The 19th century produced the neoclassical church of La Madeleine (1808-1842); the Palais Garnier Opera House (1875); the neo-Byzantine Basilica of Sacré-Cœur (1875-1919), and the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower (1889). Striking examples of 20th century architecture include the Centre Georges Pompidou by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano (1977), and the Louvre Pyramid by I.M. Pei (1989). Contemporary architecture includes the Musée du Quai Branly by Jean Nouvel (2006) and the new contemporary art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation by Frank Gehry (2014).", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1471567", "score": 0.6323086023330688, "text": "Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière The Basilica, which offers guided tours and contains a Museum of Sacred Art, receives 2 million visitors annually. At certain times, members of the public may access the basilica's north tower for a spectacular 180-degree view of Lyon and its suburbs. On a clear day, Mont Blanc, the highest point in Europe, can be seen in the distance. The design of the basilica, by Pierre Bossan, draws from both Romanesque and Byzantine architecture, two non-Gothic models that were unusual choices at the time. It has four main towers, and a belltower topped with a gilded statue of the Virgin Mary.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2110174", "score": 0.6323086023330688, "text": "Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière The Basilica, which offers guided tours and contains a Museum of Sacred Art, receives 2 million visitors annually. At certain times, members of the public may access the basilica's north tower for a spectacular 180-degree view of Lyon and its suburbs. On a clear day, Mont Blanc, the highest point in Europe, can be seen in the distance. The design of the basilica, by Pierre Bossan, draws from both Romanesque and Byzantine architecture, two non-Gothic models that were unusual choices at the time. It has four main towers, and a belltower topped with a gilded statue of the Virgin Mary.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2268161", "score": 0.6323086023330688, "text": "Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière The Basilica, which offers guided tours and contains a Museum of Sacred Art, receives 2 million visitors annually. At certain times, members of the public may access the basilica's north tower for a spectacular 180-degree view of Lyon and its suburbs. On a clear day, Mont Blanc, the highest point in Europe, can be seen in the distance. The design of the basilica, by Pierre Bossan, draws from both Romanesque and Byzantine architecture, two non-Gothic models that were unusual choices at the time. It has four main towers, and a belltower topped with a gilded statue of the Virgin Mary.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-370109", "score": 0.6321237087249756, "text": "Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière The Basilica, which offers guided tours and contains a Museum of Sacred Art, receives 2 million visitors annually. At certain times, members of the public may access the basilica's north tower for a spectacular 180-degree view of Lyon and its suburbs. On a clear day, Mont Blanc, the highest point in Europe, can be seen in the distance. The design of the basilica, by Pierre Bossan, draws from both Romanesque and Byzantine architecture, two non-Gothic models that were unusual choices at the time. It has four main towers, and a belltower topped with a gilded statue of the Virgin Mary.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2247985", "score": 0.6302065253257751, "text": "Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart (Newark) The Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart, the fifth-largest cathedral in North America, is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. It is located at 89 Ridge Street in the Lower Broadway neighborhood of Newark, New Jersey. Construction began in 1899 and was finished in 1954. The original design called for an English-Irish Gothic Revival church, but plans were later modified in favor of a French Gothic Revival style. The Cathedral of the Sacred Heart was proposed in 1859 by James Roosevelt Bayley, the Bishop of Newark, just six years after", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1986726", "score": 0.6299392580986023, "text": "Sacred Heart Cathedral (Guangzhou) The Sacred Heart Cathedral, properly the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and also known as the Stone House by locals, is a Gothic Revival Roman Catholic cathedral in Guangzhou, China. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Guangzhou. The cathedral is located at 56 Yide Road (in Chinese: 一德路56号), on the north bank of the Pearl River at the heart of the old town. It is one of the few churches in the world to be entirely built of granite, including all the walls, pillars, and towers (the other three are Notre Dame", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2303611", "score": 0.6299392580986023, "text": "Sacred Heart Cathedral (Guangzhou) The Sacred Heart Cathedral, properly the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and also known as the Stone House by locals, is a Gothic Revival Roman Catholic cathedral in Guangzhou, China. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Guangzhou. The cathedral is located at 56 Yide Road (in Chinese: 一德路56号), on the north bank of the Pearl River at the heart of the old town. It is one of the few churches in the world to be entirely built of granite, including all the walls, pillars, and towers (the other three are Notre Dame", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2698326", "score": 0.6273864507675171, "text": "held daily and the church is open until 6:15 pm on weekdays and 6:45 pm on weekends. The church features Gothic Revival architecture, with ribbed vaults, pointed arches, a central nave and two side aisles of lower height. The nave follows the basic Gothic pattern with a triforium and clerestory-like top tier. Inspired by the national colors of Ireland, it features green Connemara marble (Verd antique, serpentine marble) and white and gold Bontticino marble. Decorating the church are Tiffany-style stained glass windows depicting the patron saints of Ireland’s 32 counties. St. Patrick's Catholic Church, San Francisco St. Patrick's Catholic Church", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-5861", "score": 0.625533401966095, "text": "Traditional architecture is distinctive and include the Manueline, also known as Portuguese late Gothic, a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century. A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture, Soft Portuguese style, appears extensively in major cities, especially Lisbon. Modern Portugal has given the world renowned architects like Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira (both Pritzker Prize winners) and Gonçalo Byrne. In Portugal Tomás Taveira is also noteworthy, particularly for stadium design.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-5862", "score": 0.625533401966095, "text": "Traditional architecture is distinctive and include the Manueline, also known as Portuguese late Gothic, a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century. A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture, Soft Portuguese style, appears extensively in major cities, especially Lisbon. Modern Portugal has given the world renowned architects like Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira (both Pritzker Prize winners) and Gonçalo Byrne. In Portugal Tomás Taveira is also noteworthy, particularly for stadium design.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-141", "score": 0.6805490851402283, "text": "Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-500872", "score": 0.6257482767105103, "text": "Basilica of the Sacred Heart (Notre Dame) in New York. The main feature of the chapel is the statue of Mary. Under it, is a baroque altar believed to come from the studios of Giovanni Bernini in Rome, where Fr. Sorin saw it during one of his trips. East of the Lady Chapel are the Chapel of Holy Angels, the Baptismal Chapel, and the Holy Cross Chapel, final resting place of Cardinal John O'Hara, University President from 1934 to 1940 and the first member of the Congregation of Holy Cross named a cardinal. The Holy Cross Chapel also holds the Return of the Prodigal Son statue by", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3185664", "score": 0.6119418144226074, "text": "is an example of modern frescos, the interior being painted with religious scenes by the School of Paris painter Tsuguharu Foujita. In 1996, it was designated an historic monument by the French government. José Clemente Orozco, Fernando Leal, David Siqueiros and Diego Rivera the famous Mexican artists, renewed the art of fresco painting in the 20th century. Orozco, Siqueiros, Rivera and his wife Frida Kahlo contributed more to the history of Mexican fine arts and to the reputation of Mexican art in general than anybody else. Together with works by Orozco, Siqueiros, and others, Fernando Leal and Rivera's large wall", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1650257", "score": 0.608451247215271, "text": "Autun Cathedral was home to the famous painting \"Madonna of Chancellor Rolin\" by Jan van Eyck, now in the Musée du Louvre. The interior has a nave and two aisles, divided by massive columns with longitudinal carvings punctuated with beautifully decorated Romanesque capitals. The plan of the cathedral has a narthex of two bays topped by two towers, followed by a 7-bay nave flanked by side aisles and a transept with the tower surmounting cross. The twin flanking towers date from the 19th century. The nave elevation is composed of three levels: grand arcade, triforium and clerestory, each marked by a cornice.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-4012998", "score": 0.602337121963501, "text": "attempted to discover whether two sketchbooks were created by him. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901), also known as Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (), was a French painter, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist, and illustrator whose immersion in the colourful and theatrical life of Paris in the late 19th century allowed him to produce a collection of enticing, elegant, and provocative images of the modern, sometimes decadent, affairs of those times. Toulouse-Lautrec is among the best-known painters of the Post-Impressionist period, with Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh, and Paul Gauguin. In a 2005 auction", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-34", "score": 0.6019830107688904, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-35", "score": 0.6019830107688904, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-36", "score": 0.6019830107688904, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-37", "score": 0.6019830107688904, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-38", "score": 0.6019830107688904, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1226514", "score": 0.6002023816108704, "text": "Stanford White, Frederick MacMonnies, Bela Pratt, Paulist leader Isaac Hecker wished the church edifice at 59th Street and 9th Avenue in Manhattan to be \"an experiment in Democracy in American art.\" In the 1890s, William Laurel Harris began, under Father George Deshon, decoration of the church. He would work and live with the Paulists until 1913, taking over from John LaFarge not only the mural paintings of Saints and Parables, but the \"complete decorative scheme\" of the massive edifice. Along with his work for the Paulist Fathers Harris's other work included paintings and color schemes in the church of St.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1867483", "score": 0.6002023816108704, "text": "Stanford White, Frederick MacMonnies, Bela Pratt, Paulist leader Isaac Hecker wished the church edifice at 59th Street and 9th Avenue in Manhattan to be \"an experiment in Democracy in American art.\" In the 1890s, William Laurel Harris began, under Father George Deshon, decoration of the church. He would work and live with the Paulists until 1913, taking over from John LaFarge not only the mural paintings of Saints and Parables, but the \"complete decorative scheme\" of the massive edifice. Along with his work for the Paulist Fathers Harris's other work included paintings and color schemes in the church of St.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2523946", "score": 0.5934485197067261, "text": "Basilica of the Holy Blood is allegedly executed from designs by Lancelot Blondeel. Originally built in Romanesque style like the St Basil chapel, the upper chapel was transformed in Gothic Style at the end of the 15th century and again in 1823. Only the curved arches giving access to the side chapel of the Holy Cross remain from the original Romanesque chapel. The monumental staircase, commonly named \"\", which leads to the upper chapel, was built in from 1529 to 1533 in late Gothic and Renaissance style according to the drawings of Flemish painter and architect William Aerts, ornamented on the outside with sculpted statues.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3201753", "score": 0.5931521058082581, "text": "Lucas Cranach, Piero della Francesca, Jan Gossaert, Hans Holbein the Elder, Pieter de Hooch, Adriaen Isenbrandt, Quentin Metsys, Hans Memling, Antonis Mor, Joachim Patinir, Jan Provost, Raphael, José Ribera, Andrea del Sarto, David Teniers the Younger, Tintoretto, Anthony van Dyck, Diego Velázquez, David Vinckeboons, Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom, Francisco de Zurbarán, François Boucher, Nicolas Poussin and others. National Museum of Ancient Art The Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga () is an art museum in Lisbon, Portugal. The museum is also known as MNAA (in English, National Museum of Ancient Art) and as the \"Museu das Janelas Verdes\" (\"Museum of the Green", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2556270", "score": 0.5918334126472473, "text": "Interior (Degas) Interior (), also known as The Rape (), is an oil painting on canvas by Edgar Degas (1834–1917), painted in 1868–1869. Described as \"the most puzzling of Degas's major works\", it depicts a tense confrontation by lamplight between a man and a partially undressed woman. The theatrical character of the scene has led art historians to seek a literary source for the composition, but none of the sources proposed has met with universal acceptance. Even the painting's title is uncertain; acquaintances of the artist referred to it either as \"Le Viol\" or \"Intérieur\", and it was under the", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2858371", "score": 0.5912283062934875, "text": "Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Baltimore) interior is occupied by a massive dome at the crossing of the Latin cross plan, creating a centralizing effect which contrasts the exterior impression of a linear or oblong building. Surrounding the main dome is a sophisticated system of barrel vaults and shallow, saucer-like secondary domes. The light-filled interior designed by Latrobe was striking in contrast to the dark, cavernous recesses of traditional Gothic cathedrals. The Basilica houses many precious works of art, including two heroic portraits: the first depicts the Descent from the Cross by Pierre-Narcisse Guérin and the second, by Baron Charles de Steuben, depicts Louis IX of", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-477234", "score": 0.5902062654495239, "text": "as a whole, and triple the quantity consumed in the UK. Vatican City is home to some of the most famous art in the world. St. Peter's Basilica, whose successive architects include Bramante, Michelangelo, Giacomo della Porta, Maderno and Bernini, is a renowned work of Renaissance architecture. The Sistine Chapel is famous for its frescos, which include works by Perugino, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Botticelli as well as the ceiling and Last Judgment by Michelangelo. Artists who decorated the interiors of the Vatican include Raphael and Fra Angelico. The Vatican Apostolic Library and the collections of the Vatican Museums are of", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-931203", "score": 0.5895423889160156, "text": "Seine (Van Gogh series) key Paris buildings and monuments are located along the Seine. Starting in the 1860s Impressionists left their studios to paint \"en plein air\" (in the open air) and one of their first subjects was the Seine. Paul Gauguin painted Pont d'Iéna, the future site of the Eiffel Tower, when the area was filled with homes and gardens. From Notre Dame de Paris, Camille Pissarro painted the Louvre. Armand Guillaumin captured the smoke spewing factory chimneys of Ivy. In 1874 Alfred Sisley made the graphic paintings of the floods of Le Port-Marly, located near Paris. Claude Monet, Édouard Manet and Auguste", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1172255", "score": 0.5890362858772278, "text": "Seine (Van Gogh series) key Paris buildings and monuments are located along the Seine. Starting in the 1860s Impressionists left their studios to paint \"en plein air\" (in the open air) and one of their first subjects was the Seine. Paul Gauguin painted Pont d'Iéna, the future site of the Eiffel Tower, when the area was filled with homes and gardens. From Notre Dame de Paris, Camille Pissarro painted the Louvre. Armand Guillaumin captured the smoke spewing factory chimneys of Ivy. In 1874 Alfred Sisley made the graphic paintings of the floods of Le Port-Marly, located near Paris. Claude Monet, Édouard Manet and Auguste", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2049696", "score": 0.5884737968444824, "text": "Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (; 29 August 1780 – 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassical painter. Ingres was profoundly influenced by past artistic traditions and aspired to become the guardian of academic orthodoxy against the ascendant Romantic style. Although he considered himself a painter of history in the tradition of Nicolas Poussin and Jacques-Louis David, it is his portraits, both painted and drawn, that are recognized as his greatest legacy. His expressive distortions of form and space made him an important precursor of modern art, influencing Picasso, Matisse and other modernists. Born into a modest family in Montauban, he", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-579291", "score": 0.5884443521499634, "text": "Harvard Art Museums Master of Holy Blood, Aelbert Bouts, and Master of Saint Ursula. Italian Renaissance period paintings — Fra Angelico, Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Gherardo Starnina, Cosme Tura, Giovanni di Paolo, and Lorenzo Lotto. French Baroque period paintings — Nicolas Poussin, Jacques Stella, Nicolas Regnier, and Philippe de Champaigne. Dutch Master paintings — Rembrandt, Emanuel de Witte, Jan Steen, Willem Van de Velde, Jacob Van Ruisdael, Salomon van Ruysdael, Jan van der Heyden, and Dirck Hals. American paintings — Gilbert Stuart, Charles Willson Peale, Robert Feke, Sanford Gifford, James McNeil Whistler, John Singer Sargent, Thomas Eakins, Man Ray, Ben Shahn, Jacob Lawrence,", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-142", "score": 0.634384274482727, "text": "Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-427843", "score": 0.6015986800193787, "text": "Basílica del Voto Nacional and his Community of Missionary Monks, took charge of the construction at the request of Archbishop Pedro Rafael González Calisto. The building was designed by architect Emilio Tarlier at the cost of 40,000 French francs. Tarlier was inspired by the Bourges Cathedral. On July 10, 1892, the first stone was placed. Between 1892 and 1909, the Heart of Mary Cathedral was constructed. The basilica was blessed by Pope John Paul II on January 30, 1985, and it was consecrated and inaugurated on July 12, 1988. The basilica remains technically \"unfinished.\" Local legend says that when the Basílica is completed, the", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3355413", "score": 0.6015986800193787, "text": "Basílica del Voto Nacional and his Community of Missionary Monks, took charge of the construction at the request of Archbishop Pedro Rafael González Calisto. The building was designed by architect Emilio Tarlier at the cost of 40,000 French francs. Tarlier was inspired by the Bourges Cathedral. On July 10, 1892, the first stone was placed. Between 1892 and 1909, the Heart of Mary Cathedral was constructed. The basilica was blessed by Pope John Paul II on January 30, 1985, and it was consecrated and inaugurated on July 12, 1988. The basilica remains technically \"unfinished.\" Local legend says that when the Basílica is completed, the", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2879247", "score": 0.6011457443237305, "text": "Albi Cathedral The Cathedral Basilica of Saint Cecilia (French: \"Basilique Cathédrale Sainte-Cécile d'Albi\"), also known as Albi Cathedral, is the most important Catholic building in Albi, France and is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Albi. First built as a fortress in the aftermath of the Albigensian Crusade; begun in 1282 and under construction for 200 years, it is claimed to be the largest brick building in the world. In 2010 the cathedral was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The present cathedral was preceded by other buildings. The first dated from the fourth century and in 666", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3973123", "score": 0.6011457443237305, "text": "Albi Cathedral The Cathedral Basilica of Saint Cecilia (French: \"Basilique Cathédrale Sainte-Cécile d'Albi\"), also known as Albi Cathedral, is the most important Catholic building in Albi, France and is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Albi. First built as a fortress in the aftermath of the Albigensian Crusade; begun in 1282 and under construction for 200 years, it is claimed to be the largest brick building in the world. In 2010 the cathedral was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The present cathedral was preceded by other buildings. The first dated from the fourth century and in 666", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1112161", "score": 0.6011439561843872, "text": "Eu, Seine-Maritime today. In 1180, Laurence O'Toole, the archbishop of Dublin and papal legate, fell ill at Eu on his way to meet King Henry II of England. He died there. He was beatified in 1186 and canonised in 1225 as St Laurence, becoming the patron saint of the town. The collegiate church was named for the Virgin Mary and for him, \"Notre-Dame et Saint-Laurent\", and still holds some of his preserved relics. In the 12th century, King Richard I of England, who was also Duke of Normandy, built the city walls. In 1430, Joan of Arc as a prisoner of the", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2781034", "score": 0.6010897159576416, "text": "of the National Park Service. The national memorial was authorized on December 20, 1975. Unlike most national memorials, Father Marquette is not listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Father Marquette National Memorial Father Marquette National Memorial pays tribute to the life and work of Jacques Marquette, French priest and explorer. The memorial is located in Straits State Park near St. Ignace in the modern-day U.S. state of Michigan, where he founded a Jesuit mission in 1671 and was buried in 1678. The associated Father Marquette Museum building was destroyed in a fire on March 9, 2000. Marquette arrived", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-727738", "score": 0.6008457541465759, "text": "St. Rose of Viterbo Convent fire in 1923 and had to be rebuilt, which took two years. The Sisters built the first Chapel of Mary of the Angels () to serve their own spiritual needs and that of their students. It was dedicated on August 2, 1873, the Feast of the Dedication of the Basilica of Our Lady of the Angels in Assisi, Italy, the first home of the Franciscan Order. In 1903, they began construction on a new chapel, designed by Eugene R. Liebert, which was completed on August 2, 1906. Thaddeus von Zukotynski was the artist for the oil-on-canvas painting located immediately above", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1057108", "score": 0.6006922721862793, "text": "home to Côte d’Ivoire’s wealthy classes as well as expatriates and foreign diplomats. The district is home to the embassy of France, Hotel Ivoire (which for a long time, was the only African hotel to have a skating rink), and, since 2009, the largest U.S. embassy in West Africa. Construction on St. Paul’s Cathedral, designed by Italian architect Aldo Spirito, began with the 1980 groundbreaking by Pope John Paul II and was completed in 1985. From the 1980s, Abidjan’s fortunes declined as a result of negligence on the part of officials as well as corruption and general degradation. In 1983,", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3347640", "score": 0.6003487706184387, "text": "Cluny Abbey Cluny Abbey (; formerly also Cluni, or Clugny) is a former Benedictine monastery in Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, France. It was dedicated to St Peter. The abbey was constructed in the Romanesque architectural style, with three churches built in succession from the 4th to the early 12th centuries. The earliest basilica was the world's largest church until the St. Peter's Basilica construction began in Rome. Cluny was founded by William I, Duke of Aquitaine in 910. He nominated Berno as the first Abbot of Cluny, subject only to Pope Sergius III. The abbey was notable for its stricter adherence to", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3470437", "score": 0.6003487706184387, "text": "Cluny Abbey Cluny Abbey (; formerly also Cluni, or Clugny) is a former Benedictine monastery in Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, France. It was dedicated to St Peter. The abbey was constructed in the Romanesque architectural style, with three churches built in succession from the 4th to the early 12th centuries. The earliest basilica was the world's largest church until the St. Peter's Basilica construction began in Rome. Cluny was founded by William I, Duke of Aquitaine in 910. He nominated Berno as the first Abbot of Cluny, subject only to Pope Sergius III. The abbey was notable for its stricter adherence to", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3867762", "score": 0.6003487706184387, "text": "Cluny Abbey Cluny Abbey (; formerly also Cluni, or Clugny) is a former Benedictine monastery in Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, France. It was dedicated to St Peter. The abbey was constructed in the Romanesque architectural style, with three churches built in succession from the 4th to the early 12th centuries. The earliest basilica was the world's largest church until the St. Peter's Basilica construction began in Rome. Cluny was founded by William I, Duke of Aquitaine in 910. He nominated Berno as the first Abbot of Cluny, subject only to Pope Sergius III. The abbey was notable for its stricter adherence to", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-276667", "score": 0.5996465682983398, "text": "Grenoble Cathedral Grenoble Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of Grenoble, France. It is a national monument, and is the seat of the Bishop of Grenoble (since 2006 Bishop of Grenoble–Vienne). The first mention of \"Cathédrale Notre-Dame\" date from 902, during the episcopate of Isaak, but the Cathedral and the Church of St. Hugh have been rebuilt in the mid-thirteenth century. Some remarkable examples of Renaissance art can be found in the cathedral, including a 15th Ciborium in the flamboyant Gothic style. Unfortunately the Ciborium was damaged in 1562 by baron des Adrets, during the", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1356337", "score": 0.5995768308639526, "text": "Lourdes apparitions The Marian Apparitions at Lourdes were reported in 1858 by Bernadette Soubirous, a 14-year-old miller's daughter from the town of Lourdes in southern France. From 11 February to 16 July 1858, she reported 18 apparitions of \"a Lady\". Soubirous described the lady as wearing a white veil and a blue girdle; she had a golden rose on each foot and held a rosary of pearls. Despite initial skepticism from the Roman Catholic Church, these claims were eventually declared to be worthy of belief after a canonical investigation, and the apparition is known as Our Lady of Lourdes. According", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2522162", "score": 0.5991866588592529, "text": "Grand Palais The Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées, commonly known as the Grand Palais (English: Great Palace), is a large historic site, exhibition hall and museum complex located at the Champs-Élysées in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. Construction of the Grand Palais began in 1897 following the demolition of the Palais de l'Industrie (Palace of Industry) as part of the preparation works for the Universal Exposition of 1900, which also included the creation of the adjacent Petit Palais and Pont Alexandre III. It has been listed since 2000 as a \"monument historique\" by the French Ministry of Culture. The structure", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1045814", "score": 0.5990881323814392, "text": "at Lourdes. This was specifically intended to represent Breton Catholicism. It was created by the sculptor Yves Hernot in 1900 as a gift to Lourdes from the main Breton dioceses: Rennes, Vannes, Quimper and Saint-Brieuc. The monument comprises a single central cross set within a raised square base at each corner of which a statue of one of the witnesses to the crucifixion is placed. Calvary (sculpture) A calvary (\"calvaire\" in French) is a type of monumental public crucifix, sometimes encased in an open shrine, most commonly found across northern France from Brittany east, through Belgium and Portugal and Galicia", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1134066", "score": 0.5988327860832214, "text": "Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption (Covington, Kentucky) The Roman Catholic St. Mary's Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption in Covington, Kentucky, is a minor basilica in the United States. Construction of the cathedral began under the Diocese of Covington's third bishop, Camillus Paul Maes, in 1895 to replace an 1834 frame church that was inadequate for the growing congregation. Pope Pius XII elevated the cathedral to the rank of minor basilica December 8, 1953. The sanctuary was designed by Detroit architect Leon Coquard and is inspired by the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Services were first held in 1901 with the", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1080342", "score": 0.5986858606338501, "text": "History of modern period domes St. John the Divine in New York City was built by the son in 1909. A part-spherical dome, it measures 30 meters in diameter from the top of its merging pendentives, where steel rods embedded in concrete act as a restraining ring. With an average thickness 1/250th of its span, and steel rods also embedded within the pendentives, the dome \"looked forward to modern shell construction in reinforced concrete.\" Domes built with steel and concrete were able to achieve very large spans. The West Baden Springs Hotel in Indiana was built in 1903 with the largest span dome in the", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3846113", "score": 0.5986858606338501, "text": "History of modern period domes St. John the Divine in New York City was built by the son in 1909. A part-spherical dome, it measures 30 meters in diameter from the top of its merging pendentives, where steel rods embedded in concrete act as a restraining ring. With an average thickness 1/250th of its span, and steel rods also embedded within the pendentives, the dome \"looked forward to modern shell construction in reinforced concrete.\" Domes built with steel and concrete were able to achieve very large spans. The West Baden Springs Hotel in Indiana was built in 1903 with the largest span dome in the", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2242212", "score": 0.5985827445983887, "text": "painting by Ingres, \"The Vow of Louis XIII\", hangs in the north arm of the transept. Montauban Cathedral Montauban Cathedral (French: \"Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption de Montauban\") is a Roman Catholic cathedral and a national monument of France located in the town of Montauban. It is the seat of the Bishopric of Montauban, created in 1317, abolished by the Concordat of 1801 and transferred to the Archdiocese of Toulouse, and restored in 1822. The cathedral of Montauban was Protestant from the start of the Wars of Religion until Catholicism returned to Montauban in 1629. The construction of a new church, the present", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-185", "score": 0.597815990447998, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-143", "score": 0.6602293252944946, "text": "A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-88", "score": 0.6155407428741455, "text": "This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-89", "score": 0.6155407428741455, "text": "This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-90", "score": 0.6155407428741455, "text": "This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-91", "score": 0.6155407428741455, "text": "This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-92", "score": 0.6155407428741455, "text": "This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-923230", "score": 0.6152486205101013, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1685338", "score": 0.6152486205101013, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2016128", "score": 0.6152486205101013, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-174814", "score": 0.6149349212646484, "text": "now called the Guerlac Room in his honor. Since the construction of a new Johnson museum, the house has been used for offices of the Humanities Society. Andrew Dickson White House The Andrew Dickson White House, commonly referred to as the \"A.D. White House,\" is a High Victorian Gothic house on the campus of Cornell University, designed by William Henry Miller and Charles Babcock. It houses the Cornell University Society for the Humanities. The house was commissioned in 1871 by Andrew Dickson White, co-founder and first president of the university. The house is richly decorated with stone carvings according to", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3667088", "score": 0.6149349212646484, "text": "now called the Guerlac Room in his honor. Since the construction of a new Johnson museum, the house has been used for offices of the Humanities Society. Andrew Dickson White House The Andrew Dickson White House, commonly referred to as the \"A.D. White House,\" is a High Victorian Gothic house on the campus of Cornell University, designed by William Henry Miller and Charles Babcock. It houses the Cornell University Society for the Humanities. The house was commissioned in 1871 by Andrew Dickson White, co-founder and first president of the university. The house is richly decorated with stone carvings according to", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-426792", "score": 0.6128938794136047, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1787802", "score": 0.6127873659133911, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1984026", "score": 0.6127873659133911, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-3014525", "score": 0.6127873659133911, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-49", "score": 0.6036483645439148, "text": "Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851–1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-50", "score": 0.6036483645439148, "text": "Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851–1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-51", "score": 0.6036483645439148, "text": "Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851–1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-52", "score": 0.6036483645439148, "text": "Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851–1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-53", "score": 0.6036483645439148, "text": "Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851–1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2218763", "score": 0.6032378673553467, "text": "Palais de la Découverte Palais de la Découverte The Palais de la Découverte (\"Discovery Palace\") is a science museum located in the Grand Palais, in the 8th arrondissement on Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt, Paris, France. It is open daily except Monday; an admission fee is charged. The museum was created in 1937 by Jean Baptiste Perrin (awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, 1926) during an international exhibition on \"Arts and techniques in modern life\". In 1938 the French government decided to convert the facility into a new museum, which now occupies 25,000 square metres within the west wing of the Grand Palais (Palais d'Antin)", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-144", "score": 0.8020040988922119, "text": "A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3152532", "score": 0.71427321434021, "text": "University of Notre Dame the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Student Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-148", "score": 0.6529120206832886, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-149", "score": 0.6529120206832886, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-150", "score": 0.6529120206832886, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-151", "score": 0.6529120206832886, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-152", "score": 0.6529120206832886, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-88", "score": 0.651727020740509, "text": "This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-89", "score": 0.651727020740509, "text": "This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-90", "score": 0.651727020740509, "text": "This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-91", "score": 0.651727020740509, "text": "This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-92", "score": 0.651727020740509, "text": "This Main Building, and the library collection, was entirely destroyed by a fire in April 1879, and the school closed immediately and students were sent home. The university founder, Fr. Sorin and the president at the time, the Rev. William Corby, immediately planned for the rebuilding of the structure that had housed virtually the entire University. Construction was started on the 17th of May and by the incredible zeal of administrator and workers the building was completed before the fall semester of 1879. The library collection was also rebuilt and stayed housed in the new Main Building for years afterwards. Around the time of the fire, a music hall was opened. Eventually becoming known as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and musical acts put on by the school. By 1880, a science program was established at the university, and a Science Hall (today LaFortune Student Center) was built in 1883. The hall housed multiple classrooms and science labs needed for early research at the university.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.6508049964904785, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3745322", "score": 0.6478108167648315, "text": "Main Building (University of Notre Dame) University of Notre Dame's Main Administration Building (known as the Main Building or the \"Golden Dome\") houses various administrative offices, including the Office of the President. Atop of the building stands the Golden Dome, the most recognizable landmark of the University. Three buildings were built at the site; the first was built in 1843 and replaced with a larger one in 1865, which burned down in 1879, after which the third and current building was erected. The building hosts the administrative offices of the University, as well as classrooms, art collections, and exhibition spaces.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1989518", "score": 0.6477870941162109, "text": "Main Building (University of Notre Dame) University of Notre Dame's Main Administration Building (known as the Main Building or the \"Golden Dome\") houses various administrative offices, including the Office of the President. Atop of the building stands the Golden Dome, the most recognizable landmark of the University. Three buildings were built at the site; the first was built in 1843 and replaced with a larger one in 1865, which burned down in 1879, after which the third and current building was erected. The building hosts the administrative offices of the University, as well as classrooms, art collections, and exhibition spaces.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-185", "score": 0.6446517109870911, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-186", "score": 0.6446517109870911, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-187", "score": 0.6446517109870911, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-188", "score": 0.6446517109870911, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-189", "score": 0.6446517109870911, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-4083323", "score": 0.6405394077301025, "text": "wide. The mural's image of Jesus, visible from Notre Dame's football stadium, has arms raised in the same fashion as a referee signifying a touchdown. From this similarity came the mural's nickname, \"Touchdown Jesus\". A stadium expansion partially obscures views of the mural from the field. Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-145", "score": 0.744692325592041, "text": "A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3152532", "score": 0.626075267791748, "text": "University of Notre Dame the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Student Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-512327", "score": 0.6136482954025269, "text": "Knute Rockne Knute Kenneth Rockne ( ; March 4, 1888 – March 31, 1931) was a Norwegian-American football player and coach at the University of Notre Dame. Rockne is regarded as one of the greatest coaches in college football history. His biography at the College Football Hall of Fame identifies him as \"without question, American football's most-renowned coach\". Rockne helped to popularize the forward pass and made the Notre Dame Fighting Irish a major factor in college football. Knute Rockne was born Knut Larsen Rokne, in Voss, Norway, to smith and wagonmaker Lars Knutson Rokne (1858–1912) and his wife, Martha", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-185", "score": 0.6089857220649719, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-186", "score": 0.6089857220649719, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-187", "score": 0.6089857220649719, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-188", "score": 0.6089857220649719, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-189", "score": 0.6089857220649719, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-3455839", "score": 0.6028367877006531, "text": "Notre Dame, Our Mother \"Notre Dame, Our Lady\" is the alma mater (official song of devotion) of the University of Notre Dame, a private, Catholic research university in northern Indiana. The song is addressed to \"Notre Dame\", a reference to both the university and its patroness and namesake, the Blessed Virgin Mary. Joseph Casasanta, a 1923 Notre Dame graduate, composed the song and it was first performed at coach Knute Rockne's funeral in 1931. The Rev. Charles O'Donnell, C.S.C., president of the university at the time of composition, wrote the song's lyrics in honor of the university's patroness, Mary, the", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-4083323", "score": 0.6026463508605957, "text": "wide. The mural's image of Jesus, visible from Notre Dame's football stadium, has arms raised in the same fashion as a referee signifying a touchdown. From this similarity came the mural's nickname, \"Touchdown Jesus\". A stadium expansion partially obscures views of the mural from the field. Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2755044", "score": 0.6011828184127808, "text": "beatified by Pope Pius XI on June 21, 1925, and canonized on June 29, 1930. His feast day is October 19. At Fordham University's Rose Hill Campus in the Bronx, New York, a freshman dormitory—Martyrs' Court—has three sections, which are named for the three U.S. martyr-saints: John LaLande, René Goupil, and Isaac Jogues. Saint Jean de Lalande is the patron saint of the Saint John LaLande Catholic Parish in Blue Springs, Missouri. A seven foot tall limestone statue of St. John LaLande, carved by Fritz Carpenter of the Stefan Mittler Monument Company in Madison, Wisconsin, stands outside the church. A", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3671774", "score": 0.6011325120925903, "text": "or girl. No one can indulge in reading to any extent without being largely influenced for better or worse.” It was Father Finn who in 1925 came up with the nickname for the Xavier University athletic teams, \"The Musketeers\". The University bestows the Father Francis J. Finn, S.J. Award on the member of the graduating class who best exemplifies qualities of Father Finn's fictional heroes: strong spiritual values, leadership and breadth of interest. Finn's children's stories continue to be read, particularly in home school curriculums. Francis J. Finn Father Francis J. Finn, (October 4, 1859 – November 2, 1928) was", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.5981358289718628, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2167407", "score": 0.5967787504196167, "text": "Vergara who later played for the Green Bay Packers and his career ended with a neck injury. Later he became the Mayor of New Rochelle, New York. Four Horsemen (American football) The Four Horsemen of Notre Dame comprised a group of American football players at the University of Notre Dame under coach Knute Rockne. They were the backfield of Notre Dame's 1924 football team. The players that made up this group were Harry Stuhldreher, Don Miller, Jim Crowley, and Elmer Layden. In 1924, a nickname coined by sportswriter Grantland Rice and the actions of a student publicity aide transformed the", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-192", "score": 0.5965797305107117, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-193", "score": 0.5965797305107117, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-194", "score": 0.5965797305107117, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-190", "score": 0.5964126586914062, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-191", "score": 0.5964126586914062, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-351522", "score": 0.5944499969482422, "text": "Ara Parseghian Ara Raoul Parseghian (May 21, 1923 – August 2, 2017) was an American football player and coach who guided the University of Notre Dame to national championships in 1966 and 1973. He is noted for bringing Notre Dame's Fighting Irish football program from years of futility back into a national contender in 1964 and is widely regarded alongside Knute Rockne and Frank Leahy as a part of the \"Holy Trinity\" of Notre Dame head coaches. Parseghian grew up in Akron, Ohio, and played football beginning in his junior year of high school. He enrolled at the University of", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1859055", "score": 0.5944499969482422, "text": "Ara Parseghian Ara Raoul Parseghian (May 21, 1923 – August 2, 2017) was an American football player and coach who guided the University of Notre Dame to national championships in 1966 and 1973. He is noted for bringing Notre Dame's Fighting Irish football program from years of futility back into a national contender in 1964 and is widely regarded alongside Knute Rockne and Frank Leahy as a part of the \"Holy Trinity\" of Notre Dame head coaches. Parseghian grew up in Akron, Ohio, and played football beginning in his junior year of high school. He enrolled at the University of", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-146", "score": 0.7650883793830872, "text": "A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-681009", "score": 0.6664668917655945, "text": "Campus of the University of Notre Dame The Campus of the University of Notre Dame is located in Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, spans 1,250 acres, and comprises around 170 buildings. Notre Dame's campus is consistently ranked among the most beautiful campuses in the country. The center of campus is Main Quad, often called God Quad, which hosts the Main Building and the Basilica, and other important buildings and residence halls. The North-West area of campus is mainly dedicated to residential buildings, the Central-East portion of campus is dedicated to academic spaces, while the South-East is dedicated to athletics. A part", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-148", "score": 0.6553701162338257, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-149", "score": 0.6553701162338257, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-150", "score": 0.6553701162338257, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-151", "score": 0.6553701162338257, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-152", "score": 0.6553701162338257, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1722147", "score": 0.6387207508087158, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1807267", "score": 0.6387207508087158, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2755088", "score": 0.6387207508087158, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3257334", "score": 0.6387207508087158, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2468457", "score": 0.6371010541915894, "text": "Edmund P. Joyce Center The Edmund P. Joyce Athletic & Convocation Center, often called the Joyce Center, formerly the Athletic & Convocation Center, is a 9,149-seat multi-purpose arena in Notre Dame, Indiana just north of South Bend. The arena opened in 1968. It is home to the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish basketball and volleyball teams. The main arena, Phillip J. Purcell Pavilion, is located in the southern portion of the facility. The northern portion housed a hockey rink until October 2011. It also houses the Castellan Family Fencing Center and Rolfs Aquatic Center (which was added on in", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3152532", "score": 0.6367465853691101, "text": "University of Notre Dame the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Student Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1454827", "score": 0.6325094103813171, "text": "quadrangle and currently houses the \"Castle Gallery\" . The campus consists of 20 main buildings including a $28M athletic, recreational and educational complex called The Wellness Center (completed in 2008), which features a NCAA competition-sized swimming pool, basketball court, fitness center, indoor running track, yoga studio, roof garden and meditation garden, and volleyball court; The Mooney Center with computer and photography labs, and TV production studio; the 200,000-volume Mother Irene Gill Memorial Library; the Student Campus Center; the Rogick Life Sciences Building with many laboratories; four residence halls; and the Learning Resource Center for Nursing. The College of New Rochelle", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2027655", "score": 0.6318049430847168, "text": "quadrangle and currently houses the \"Castle Gallery\" . The campus consists of 20 main buildings including a $28M athletic, recreational and educational complex called The Wellness Center (completed in 2008), which features a NCAA competition-sized swimming pool, basketball court, fitness center, indoor running track, yoga studio, roof garden and meditation garden, and volleyball court; The Mooney Center with computer and photography labs, and TV production studio; the 200,000-volume Mother Irene Gill Memorial Library; the Student Campus Center; the Rogick Life Sciences Building with many laboratories; four residence halls; and the Learning Resource Center for Nursing. The College of New Rochelle", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2850170", "score": 0.6318049430847168, "text": "quadrangle and currently houses the \"Castle Gallery\" . The campus consists of 20 main buildings including a $28M athletic, recreational and educational complex called The Wellness Center (completed in 2008), which features a NCAA competition-sized swimming pool, basketball court, fitness center, indoor running track, yoga studio, roof garden and meditation garden, and volleyball court; The Mooney Center with computer and photography labs, and TV production studio; the 200,000-volume Mother Irene Gill Memorial Library; the Student Campus Center; the Rogick Life Sciences Building with many laboratories; four residence halls; and the Learning Resource Center for Nursing. The College of New Rochelle", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3325150", "score": 0.6318049430847168, "text": "quadrangle and currently houses the \"Castle Gallery\" . The campus consists of 20 main buildings including a $28M athletic, recreational and educational complex called The Wellness Center (completed in 2008), which features a NCAA competition-sized swimming pool, basketball court, fitness center, indoor running track, yoga studio, roof garden and meditation garden, and volleyball court; The Mooney Center with computer and photography labs, and TV production studio; the 200,000-volume Mother Irene Gill Memorial Library; the Student Campus Center; the Rogick Life Sciences Building with many laboratories; four residence halls; and the Learning Resource Center for Nursing. The College of New Rochelle", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2480387", "score": 0.6223934292793274, "text": "creation of the 4,032-seat New Orleans Theater, a concert hall used primarily for concerts, Broadway stage shows, and other special events. New Orleans Morial Convention Center The Ernest N. Morial Convention Center is in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. The lower end of building one is located upriver from Canal Street on the banks of the Mississippi River. It is named after former Mayor of New Orleans Ernest Nathan Morial. As of 2006, it has about 1.1 million square feet (102,000 m²) of exhibit space, covering almost 11 blocks, and over 3 million square feet (280,000 m²) of total space.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3073081", "score": 0.6164904236793518, "text": "NRG Arena The NRG Arena (formerly the Astroarena and Reliant Arena), is a 350,000 square feet (33,000 m²) sports center in NRG Park, in Houston, Texas, USA. The main partition on the first floor is the \"Arena Proper\", a 24,000 gross square foot arena that seats up to 8,500 people. In addition to the Arena Proper, there are four exhibit halls within the NRG Arena. The largest hall is Exhibit Hall D, boasting of space. The second is Exhibit Hall A, which has of space. Exhibit Halls B and C each have of floor space as well. The upper level", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1075231", "score": 0.6125977039337158, "text": "teleprompters, accompanied by an inset lectern monitor, and a large under-camera confidence monitor. The Bulls and Blackhawks operate the United Center through the United Center Joint Venture (UCJV), a 50/50 partnership of the two teams. It covers 960,000 square feet (89,187 m) and is located on a 46-acre (19 ha) parcel, west of the Chicago Loop. The arena is the largest in the United States in physical size, though not in capacity. Its exterior bears a striking resemblance to that of Chicago Stadium. It seats 19,717 (not including standing room) for hockey, 20,917 (not including standing room) for basketball and", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1099479", "score": 0.6068233251571655, "text": "Cajundome The Cajundome is a 13,500-seat multi-purpose arena located in Lafayette, Louisiana. It is home to the Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns Men's and Women's basketball programs in addition to hosting various University events and commencement ceremonies including high school graduations. The arena also hosts many regional concerts (seating for concerts 8,481 to 13,500) and special events, such as World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) events and the annual outdoor Cajun Heartland State Fair, an eleven-day state fair that attracts over 175,000. The facility is a recognizable Lafayette landmark that was built by the State of Louisiana, funded by the City of Lafayette, and", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-147", "score": 0.751467764377594, "text": "A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3837814", "score": 0.7059597969055176, "text": "LaFortune Student Center The LaFortune Student Center serves as the main student center at the University of Notre Dame. Built as Science Hall in 1883 under the direction of Fr. John Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1684246", "score": 0.6708109378814697, "text": "a \"renaissance\" at the school. The new annual tuition price tag is about $28,800 per year. Even prior to the tuition reduction, La Salle was renowned for its generous financial aid packages, and recognized by Time Magazine, Forbes, and The Economist for its value. Although previously the university's annual tuition price tag was $39,800 per year (as of 2016-2017), the average student received about $24,205 in financial aid. Ninety-eight percent of incoming students received grants or scholarships. La Salle University offered more grant aid and student loan aid to incoming freshmen than both the average private not-for-profit 4 year college", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3152532", "score": 0.6662622690200806, "text": "University of Notre Dame the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Student Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-128", "score": 0.6343628764152527, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-129", "score": 0.6343628764152527, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-130", "score": 0.6343628764152527, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-131", "score": 0.6343628764152527, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-132", "score": 0.6343628764152527, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-353148", "score": 0.6321068406105042, "text": "University of Notre Dame the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1460; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent (2014) capital campaign raised $2.014 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education and was the largest of any University", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-896583", "score": 0.621368408203125, "text": "Since the college became coeducational it has seen enrollment double from nearly 1,000 in 2001 to over 2,000 in 2010. In 2008, NDC began construction on two additional residence halls, North and South halls. The structures opened in 2009 at a cost of $15 million. Notre Dame College offers associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees and is divided into five Academic Divisions: The college also has three special programs and two interdisciplinary programs. NDC currently offers 30 majors in its bachelor's degree programs. It also offers an Associate in Arts degree in Pastoral Ministry. and a master's degree in", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3776322", "score": 0.6174237728118896, "text": "Catholic Church in the United States in 1789. The richest U.S. Catholic university is The University of Notre Dame with an endowment of over 13 billion in 2018. According to the \"2016 Official Catholic Directory\", as of 2016 there were 243 seminaries with 4,785 students in the United States; 3,629 diocesan seminarians and 1,456 religious seminarians. By the official 2017 statistics, there are 5,050 seminarians (3,694 diocesan and 1,356 religious) in the United States. In addition, the American Catholic bishops oversee the Pontifical North American College for American seminarians and priests studying at one of the Pontifical Universities in Rome. In 2002, Catholic health care systems,", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.6118187308311462, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.6118187308311462, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.6118187308311462, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.6118187308311462, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.6118187308311462, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1146461", "score": 0.6104176044464111, "text": "University of Notre Dame investment. For the 2007 fiscal year, the endowment had grown to approximately $6.5 billion, putting the university in the top-15 largest endowments in the country. In October 2018, the University listed its endowment at National Association of College and University Business Officers published Notre Dame's endowment at $13.1 billion. As of fall 2014, Notre Dame had 12,292 students and employed 1,126 full-time faculty members and another 190 part-time members to give a student/faculty ratio of 8:1. All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the \"First", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1722147", "score": 0.6084973216056824, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1807267", "score": 0.6084973216056824, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2755088", "score": 0.6084973216056824, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-148", "score": 0.7037662267684937, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1257734", "score": 0.6682760119438171, "text": "scholarly endeavor.\" Fordham Graduate School of Arts and Sciences currently offers 21 Master's programs, ten Doctoral programs, and nine Advanced Certificates in various disciplines. These include: Fordham GSAS is primarily located on Fordham's Rose Hill campus, headquartered in Keating Hall, though a few classes are offered at the Lincoln Center campus (primarily in creative writing). Students are offered university housing near campus, but most graduate students find off-campus housing on their own. Fordham's various graduate programs have also been ranked by the \"U.S. News & World Report\": In 2017, the graduate program of Education was named the 45th best in", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2271091", "score": 0.6678938269615173, "text": "Dormitory in British boarding schools and many rooming houses such as hostels but have nowadays completely vanished as a type of accommodation in university halls of residence. CADs, or cold-air dormitories, are found in multi-level rooming houses such as fraternities, sororities, and cooperative houses. In CADs and in hostels, the room typically has very few furnishings except for beds. Such rooms can contain anywhere from three to 50 beds (though such very large dormitories are rare except perhaps as military barracks). Such rooms provide little or no privacy for the residents, and very limited storage for personal items in or near", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-513544", "score": 0.6664028167724609, "text": "Housing at Georgetown University Housing at Georgetown University consists of 13 residence halls at the main campus and a law center campus. Housing on Georgetown's main campus is divided between \"halls,\" usually more traditional dormitories, and \"villages\", usually less traditional apartment complexes. In addition, Georgetown operates many townhouses in the Georgetown neighborhood, usually for second, third, and fourth-year students. A majority of undergraduates, eighty-five percent, live on-campus. The remainder live off-campus, mostly in the Georgetown, Burleith, and Foxhall neighborhoods. On-campus housing is not available for main campus graduate students. On-campus housing at Georgetown is the second most expensive in the", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1242084", "score": 0.665878415107727, "text": "University of Notre Dame a dorm room. The library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country. Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2018 admitting 3,610 from a pool of 20,371 (17.7% acceptance rate in 2018). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. Of the most recent class, the Class of 2020, 48% were in the top 1%", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3665681", "score": 0.6642686128616333, "text": "Saint Mary's College of California radio station, KSMC 89.5. The campus also has access to the Saint Mary's Magazine and the weekly SMC Bulletin. All first years at Saint Marys live on campus. 55% of the total student population lives on campus. There are six first year residence halls (Augustine, Justin, Mitty, De La Salle, Aquinas and Assumption Halls). All first year residence halls (with the exception of Aquinas) are set up \"community style,\" in which two or three students usually share a room and the entire floor shares a central bathroom. Floors are usually separated by sex in first year halls (because of the", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1407048", "score": 0.6623034477233887, "text": "Pforzheimer House #403 or, more rarely, all three of the suites; in this case, the entire area occupied by the friends becomes \"the Belltower suite\" / \"the Belltower\". One of the largest housing arrangements on the Harvard campus, it can comfortably house twelve students with individual bedrooms, four bathrooms (three full and one half), and three common rooms. The Belltower itself faces out over the Quadrangle and is accessed by a ladder and trap door. Access to the tower begins in the passageway that connects Moors Hall #410 and #403. A first ladder leads through a ceiling trapdoor to the carpeted mezzanine", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3730964", "score": 0.6623034477233887, "text": "Pforzheimer House #403 or, more rarely, all three of the suites; in this case, the entire area occupied by the friends becomes \"the Belltower suite\" / \"the Belltower\". One of the largest housing arrangements on the Harvard campus, it can comfortably house twelve students with individual bedrooms, four bathrooms (three full and one half), and three common rooms. The Belltower itself faces out over the Quadrangle and is accessed by a ladder and trap door. Access to the tower begins in the passageway that connects Moors Hall #410 and #403. A first ladder leads through a ceiling trapdoor to the carpeted mezzanine", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-3296698", "score": 0.6621878743171692, "text": "University of Notre Dame residence halls other social events. As of 2015, due to pressure from the university, the roofsit was discontinued. A big \"F\" letter hangs on the side of the hall. The original insignia was placed in the 80s but was stolen by the residents of Pangborn Hall in 1991. It was replaced with a bigger plastic letter. Howard Hall, a female dorm, is located north of South Dining Hall on University of Notre Dame's South Quad, and is immediately surrounded by Badin Hall on the east, Morrissey Manor on the west, and Bond Hall on the north. Howard Hall is one of the", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2500399", "score": 0.6621447205543518, "text": "Sorin Hall (University of Notre Dame) of Historic Places. Sorin Hall was the first Notre Dame residential hall established as such, although St. Edward's Hall is housed in an older building. Sorin Hall was the first dormitory built specifically to host students at the University of Notre Dame. Prior to 1888, every college student was housed in the Main Building, with open dormitory areas. During the early mid-1880s, the Holy Cross priests experimented with private rooms for upper classmen with high academic grades and the results were positive. Since the Main Building was overcrowded with students, Father Edward Sorin decided to build a freestanding dormitory to", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1314467", "score": 0.6617901921272278, "text": "Common Room (university) In some universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland — particularly collegiate universities such as Oxford and Cambridge, as well as Dublin University, Durham University, University of York, University of Kent and Lancaster University— students and the academic body are organised into a common room, or at Cambridge a combination room. These groups exist to provide representation in the organisation of college or residential hall life, to operate certain services within these institutions such as laundry or recreation, and to provide opportunities for socialising. Typically, though there are variations based on institutional tradition and needs, the following", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2646668", "score": 0.6617901921272278, "text": "Common Room (university) In some universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland — particularly collegiate universities such as Oxford and Cambridge, as well as Dublin University, Durham University, University of York, University of Kent and Lancaster University— students and the academic body are organised into a common room, or at Cambridge a combination room. These groups exist to provide representation in the organisation of college or residential hall life, to operate certain services within these institutions such as laundry or recreation, and to provide opportunities for socialising. Typically, though there are variations based on institutional tradition and needs, the following", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3332586", "score": 0.6616592407226562, "text": "Washington Hall (University of Notre Dame) Washington Hall at the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana is the seventh oldest university owned building on the historic campus. It is part of the University of Notre Dame: Main and North Quadrangles historic district, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and was the original home of the university's music and performing arts programs. The theater is located just east of the University's Golden Dome, the University's main administrative building, on the main quad on campus, also known as God Quad. Ever since the university's earliest years, the site", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3941137", "score": 0.6616592407226562, "text": "Washington Hall (University of Notre Dame) Washington Hall at the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana is the seventh oldest university owned building on the historic campus. It is part of the University of Notre Dame: Main and North Quadrangles historic district, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and was the original home of the university's music and performing arts programs. The theater is located just east of the University's Golden Dome, the University's main administrative building, on the main quad on campus, also known as God Quad. Ever since the university's earliest years, the site", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-3261935", "score": 0.6613407731056213, "text": "Badin Hall (University of Notre Dame) Badin Hall is one of the 30 Residence Halls on the campus of the University of Notre Dame and one of the 14 female dorms. it is located on South Quad, between Howard Hall and the Coleman-Morse center. Badin Hall is, along with other building on the Main Quad of Notre Dame, on the National Register of Historic Places. It was named after Fr. Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained in the US. Before the main building of the University burned down in the great fire of 1879, it hosted a Manual Labor School", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2689689", "score": 0.6610349416732788, "text": "Stanford University student housing Campus has the complexes of Florence Moore Hall, Lagunita Court, and Governor's Corner and the standalone Roble Hall. The Row is on the south-east to south side of campus and consists of about 3 dozen houses housing between 25 and 60 students each. These include the 6 fraternity houses and 3 sorority houses (as of 2016/2017). Married (or officially partnered) undergraduates or those with children are housed with graduate students. Graduate housing consists of Escondido Village, Rains Houses, Kennedy Graduate Residences, Munger Graduate Residences, GSB (Graduate School of Business) Residences on East Campus and the Lyman Graduate Residences on West", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3229795", "score": 0.6609699130058289, "text": "Badin Hall (University of Notre Dame) Badin Hall is one of the 30 Residence Halls on the campus of the University of Notre Dame and one of the 14 female dorms. it is located on South Quad, between Howard Hall and the Coleman-Morse center. Badin Hall is, along with other building on the Main Quad of Notre Dame, on the National Register of Historic Places. It was named after Fr. Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained in the US. Before the main building of the University burned down in the great fire of 1879, it hosted a Manual Labor School", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2535746", "score": 0.6609374284744263, "text": "New York University residence halls With 12,500 residents, New York University has the 7th largest university housing system in the United States, the largest among private schools. Residence halls are unique in that many are converted apartment complexes or old hotels. Most freshman residence halls are in the Washington Square area. Many of the upperclassmen halls are in the Union Square area. Until the Spring 2005 semester, NYU used a lottery system to determine eligibility for residence hall preference. Under this system, a student received one point for every semester they had lived in campus housing. Freshmen are freed from", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1433215", "score": 0.660710334777832, "text": "William Paterson University ten residence halls, including two that opened in 2006. These newest residence halls, High Mountain East and West, offer learning communities in collaboration with the University’s Honors College, and feature smart classrooms that are used as part of the living/learning experience. With accommodations ranging from double room suites to apartments, the University’s modern, smoke-free buildings range in size from 100 to 400 students and are coed by suite, with four residents sharing a suite or apartment. First-year students start out in traditional residence halls such as Overlook South and North, Hillside Hall, White Hall, Matelson Hall, and Century Hall, while", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3818771", "score": 0.660710334777832, "text": "William Paterson University ten residence halls, including two that opened in 2006. These newest residence halls, High Mountain East and West, offer learning communities in collaboration with the University’s Honors College, and feature smart classrooms that are used as part of the living/learning experience. With accommodations ranging from double room suites to apartments, the University’s modern, smoke-free buildings range in size from 100 to 400 students and are coed by suite, with four residents sharing a suite or apartment. First-year students start out in traditional residence halls such as Overlook South and North, Hillside Hall, White Hall, Matelson Hall, and Century Hall, while", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3980925", "score": 0.6597044467926025, "text": "Notre Dame, Indiana Notre Dame is a census-designated place north of South Bend in St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It includes the campuses of three colleges: the University of Notre Dame, Saint Mary's College, and Holy Cross College. Notre Dame is split between Clay and Portage Townships. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,973. Holy Cross Village at Notre Dame is a retirement community offering continuing care in Notre Dame, Indiana. It is owned by the Brothers of Holy Cross and managed by the Franciscan Sisters of Chicago Service Corporation. Notre Dame, Indiana, is", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-149", "score": 0.6782110929489136, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3357702", "score": 0.6266943216323853, "text": "Sorbonne The Sorbonne () is an edifice of the Latin Quarter, in Paris, France, which was the historical house of the former University of Paris. Today, it houses part or all of several higher education and research institutions such as Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Sorbonne Nouvelle University, Paris Descartes University, École pratique des hautes études, and Sorbonne University. The name is derived from the Collège de Sorbonne, founded in 1257 by the eponymous Robert de Sorbon as one of the first significant colleges of the medieval University of Paris. The library was among the first to arrange items alphabetically according to title.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3747182", "score": 0.6156129837036133, "text": "University of Notre Dame funded by a $50 million gift from Donald Keough and Marilyn Keough and will be housed in Jenkins Hall on Debartolo Quad. The school is scheduled to open in August 2017. The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3314544", "score": 0.6105692982673645, "text": "(1966-1979). The construction of the building began in 1977 and was completed in August 1980, at a cost of $11 million. From its origins in a single room of the first administration building to the present facility housing a collection of nearly five million items, the library has grown to contain a rich collection of books, journals, electronic resources, multimedia, K-12 learning resources, and government documents. Special Collections, a department of The Robert E. Kennedy Library at Cal Poly, was established in 1969 to build primary source research collections that reflect and support the polytechnic curriculum of the university. Major", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2533892", "score": 0.6086645126342773, "text": "has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains. LaFortune Student Center The LaFortune Student Center serves as the main student center at the University of Notre Dame. Built as Science Hall in 1883 under the direction of Fr. John Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1701539", "score": 0.6042414903640747, "text": "donors being mostly schoolchildren, who were encouraged to donate ten centavos to the effort, and library employees, who each donated a day's salary. Because of this effort by the Commission, the National Library of the Philippines is said to be the only national library in the world built mostly out of private donations, and the only one built out of veneration to its national hero at the time of its construction. Construction on the building's foundation began on March 23, 1960 and the superstructure on September 16. During construction, objections were raised over the library's location, claiming that the salinity", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1989518", "score": 0.5995116233825684, "text": "Main Building (University of Notre Dame) University of Notre Dame's Main Administration Building (known as the Main Building or the \"Golden Dome\") houses various administrative offices, including the Office of the President. Atop of the building stands the Golden Dome, the most recognizable landmark of the University. Three buildings were built at the site; the first was built in 1843 and replaced with a larger one in 1865, which burned down in 1879, after which the third and current building was erected. The building hosts the administrative offices of the University, as well as classrooms, art collections, and exhibition spaces.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3745322", "score": 0.5995060801506042, "text": "Main Building (University of Notre Dame) University of Notre Dame's Main Administration Building (known as the Main Building or the \"Golden Dome\") houses various administrative offices, including the Office of the President. Atop of the building stands the Golden Dome, the most recognizable landmark of the University. Three buildings were built at the site; the first was built in 1843 and replaced with a larger one in 1865, which burned down in 1879, after which the third and current building was erected. The building hosts the administrative offices of the University, as well as classrooms, art collections, and exhibition spaces.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-3655629", "score": 0.598651647567749, "text": "Hesburgh Library been installed. American artist Millard Sheets was commissioned to create a work large enough to cover the entire side of the library facing Notre Dame's football stadium. Fr. Theodore Hesburgh suggested that the theme should be saints and scholars through the ages. The artwork cost $200,000 and was donated by Mr. and Mrs. Howard V. Phalin of Winnetka, Illinois. Installation took place in the spring of 1964; the dedication ceremony was held on May 7, 1964. The mural is composed of 324 panels. Its creation employed 81 different stones from 16 countries in 171 finishes that included 46 granites and", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3319051", "score": 0.5954726338386536, "text": "Sterling Memorial Library Sterling Memorial Library (SML) is the main library building of the Yale University Library system in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Opened in 1931, the library was designed by James Gamble Rogers as the centerpiece of Yale's Gothic Revival campus. The library's tower has sixteen levels of bookstacks containing over 4 million volumes. Several special collections—including the university's Manuscripts & Archives—are also housed in the building. It connects via tunnel to the underground Bass Library, which holds an additional 150,000 volumes. Sterling Library is elaborately ornamented, featuring extensive sculpture and painting as well as hundreds of panes", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1231744", "score": 0.5948529243469238, "text": "Catholic National Library The Catholic National Library (formerly the Catholic Central Library) is a large Roman Catholic library previously located at St Michael's Abbey in Farnborough, Hampshire, founded in 1912. In 2015 it was relocated to Durham University Library. It is known for its 70,000 books and periodicals, and the broad range of subjects it covers. It is a registered charity under English law. The collection started in 1912 in the porch of the Catholic Church in Bexhill-on-Sea, from the private library of an American, Mr William Reed-Lewis. It moved to Victoria, London in 1922 and was then established as", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3381896", "score": 0.5948529243469238, "text": "Catholic National Library The Catholic National Library (formerly the Catholic Central Library) is a large Roman Catholic library previously located at St Michael's Abbey in Farnborough, Hampshire, founded in 1912. In 2015 it was relocated to Durham University Library. It is known for its 70,000 books and periodicals, and the broad range of subjects it covers. It is a registered charity under English law. The collection started in 1912 in the porch of the Catholic Church in Bexhill-on-Sea, from the private library of an American, Mr William Reed-Lewis. It moved to Victoria, London in 1922 and was then established as", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.5944701433181763, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.5944701433181763, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.5944701433181763, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.5944701433181763, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.5944701433181763, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.5943273305892944, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-636150", "score": 0.5933228731155396, "text": "Before the Snite opened in 1980, Notre Dame did not have an art museum, although various public spaces at the University offered galleries. As early as 1924, the Wightman Memorial Art Gallery at University Library was used for art exhibitions. In 1952, O'Shaughnessy Hall, home of the Notre Dame College of Arts and Letters, was equipped with galleries. During the 1950s, Croatian sculptor Ivan Meštrović was in residence at the University, working in the eponymous Meštrović Studio. In 1975, the Fred B. Snite family donated funds to construct the Snite Museum of Art. The museum opened in 1980, incorporating both", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3583816", "score": 0.5933228731155396, "text": "Before the Snite opened in 1980, Notre Dame did not have an art museum, although various public spaces at the University offered galleries. As early as 1924, the Wightman Memorial Art Gallery at University Library was used for art exhibitions. In 1952, O'Shaughnessy Hall, home of the Notre Dame College of Arts and Letters, was equipped with galleries. During the 1950s, Croatian sculptor Ivan Meštrović was in residence at the University, working in the eponymous Meštrović Studio. In 1975, the Fred B. Snite family donated funds to construct the Snite Museum of Art. The museum opened in 1980, incorporating both", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2695892", "score": 0.5932801365852356, "text": "The library moved its collections into the building in August 1999 and a grand opening was held on September 18, 1999. Funding for the library's new building came from many of the library's members, including a $1 million donation from Paul Mellon, who also donated a weather vane to be installed atop the building's cupola. In 2009, the National Sporting Library re-branded as National Sporting Library & Museum (NSLM) and began expansion of Vine Hill to include 13,000 feet of art gallery space. The new museum opened on October 7, 2011 with the inaugural exhibition \"Afield in America: 400 Years", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-150", "score": 0.6338239908218384, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3127873", "score": 0.6002059578895569, "text": "Floor: Technology Seventh Floor: The Arts Eighth Floor: Literature Ninth Floor: History Tenth Floor: General Knowledge Eleventh Floor: Philosophy Twelfth Floor: Religion Library Hotel Library Hotel by Library Hotel Collection is a 60-room boutique hotel in New York City, located at 299 Madison Avenue (at 41st Street), near the New York Public Library, Bryant Park, and Grand Central Terminal. The hotel was designed by architect Stephen B. Jacobs. Library Hotel by Library Hotel Collection boasts a unique organizing principle: each of its ten guest floors has a theme, designated after a major category of the Dewey Decimal Classification (the 5th", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3196832", "score": 0.5997821092605591, "text": "National Library of China The National Library of China () or NLC in Beijing is the national library of the People's Republic of China. With a collection of over 35 million items, it is the largest library in Asia and one of the largest in the world. It holds the largest collections of Chinese literature and historical documents in the world. The forerunner of the National Library of China, the Imperial Library of Peking (; \"Jīngshī Túshūguǎn\"), was founded on 9 September 1909 by the government of the Qing dynasty. It was first formally opened after the Xinhai Revolution, in", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1152183", "score": 0.5996231436729431, "text": "of the National Library building's west wing is occupied by the National Archives. The collections of the National Library of the Philippines consist of more than 210,000 books; over 880,000 manuscripts, all part of the Filipiniana Division; more than 170,000 newspaper issues from Metro Manila and across the Philippines; some 66,000 theses and dissertations; 104,000 government publications; 3,800 maps and 53,000 photographs. The library's collections include large numbers of materials stored on various forms of non-print media, as well as almost 18,000 pieces for use of the Library for the Blind Division. Overall, the National Library has over 1.6 million", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2326992", "score": 0.5996231436729431, "text": "of the National Library building's west wing is occupied by the National Archives. The collections of the National Library of the Philippines consist of more than 210,000 books; over 880,000 manuscripts, all part of the Filipiniana Division; more than 170,000 newspaper issues from Metro Manila and across the Philippines; some 66,000 theses and dissertations; 104,000 government publications; 3,800 maps and 53,000 photographs. The library's collections include large numbers of materials stored on various forms of non-print media, as well as almost 18,000 pieces for use of the Library for the Blind Division. Overall, the National Library has over 1.6 million", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-254212", "score": 0.5993773341178894, "text": "The People's Library The People's Library, also known as Fort Patti or the Occupy Wall Street Library (OWS Library), was a library founded in September 2011 by Occupy Wall Street protesters in lower Manhattan's Zuccotti Park located in the Financial District of New York City. It was temporarily evicted when Zuccotti Park was cleared on November 15, 2011, during which time 5,554 books were thrown away by the New York City Police Department. In April 2013, the Government of New York City was ordered to pay $366,700 for the raid, which was found to have violated the protesters' First, Fourth", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-264597", "score": 0.5993773341178894, "text": "The People's Library The People's Library, also known as Fort Patti or the Occupy Wall Street Library (OWS Library), was a library founded in September 2011 by Occupy Wall Street protesters in lower Manhattan's Zuccotti Park located in the Financial District of New York City. It was temporarily evicted when Zuccotti Park was cleared on November 15, 2011, during which time 5,554 books were thrown away by the New York City Police Department. In April 2013, the Government of New York City was ordered to pay $366,700 for the raid, which was found to have violated the protesters' First, Fourth", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2262656", "score": 0.5993773341178894, "text": "The People's Library The People's Library, also known as Fort Patti or the Occupy Wall Street Library (OWS Library), was a library founded in September 2011 by Occupy Wall Street protesters in lower Manhattan's Zuccotti Park located in the Financial District of New York City. It was temporarily evicted when Zuccotti Park was cleared on November 15, 2011, during which time 5,554 books were thrown away by the New York City Police Department. In April 2013, the Government of New York City was ordered to pay $366,700 for the raid, which was found to have violated the protesters' First, Fourth", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-3919994", "score": 0.5993680357933044, "text": "and Canada's largest seminary. The Toronto District School Board (TDSB) operates 588 public schools. Of these, 451 are elementary and 116 are secondary (high) schools. Additionally, the Toronto Catholic District School Board manages the city's publicly funded Roman Catholic schools, while the Conseil scolaire Viamonde and the Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir manage public and Roman Catholic French-language schools, respectively. There are also numerous private university-preparatory schools including the University of Toronto Schools, the Upper Canada College and Havergal College. The Toronto Public Library consists of 100 branches with more than 11 million items in its collection. Toronto is home to", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-935495", "score": 0.5993187427520752, "text": "books, and awards. Many such collections are housed within the library's climate-controlled vault and are only accessible upon request. The initial origins of the William and Gayle Cook Music Library began in 1918 and was cultivated by Charles Campbell, the head of Indiana University's Music Department. The collection grew from a few scores and books in Campbell's office into one of the largest music libraries in the world, holding hundreds of thousands of physical books, scores and recordings, in addition to providing access to numerous online databases. The library has its own individualized system of organizing audiovisual materials. This classification", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2378311", "score": 0.5993187427520752, "text": "books, and awards. Many such collections are housed within the library's climate-controlled vault and are only accessible upon request. The initial origins of the William and Gayle Cook Music Library began in 1918 and was cultivated by Charles Campbell, the head of Indiana University's Music Department. The collection grew from a few scores and books in Campbell's office into one of the largest music libraries in the world, holding hundreds of thousands of physical books, scores and recordings, in addition to providing access to numerous online databases. The library has its own individualized system of organizing audiovisual materials. This classification", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3014913", "score": 0.5993187427520752, "text": "books, and awards. Many such collections are housed within the library's climate-controlled vault and are only accessible upon request. The initial origins of the William and Gayle Cook Music Library began in 1918 and was cultivated by Charles Campbell, the head of Indiana University's Music Department. The collection grew from a few scores and books in Campbell's office into one of the largest music libraries in the world, holding hundreds of thousands of physical books, scores and recordings, in addition to providing access to numerous online databases. The library has its own individualized system of organizing audiovisual materials. This classification", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-149693", "score": 0.5981292128562927, "text": "police destroyed some 5,000 books that were part of the library. Since the formation of the library, activists at related protests throughout North America and in Europe have formed several sister libraries. The People's Library The People's Library, also known as Fort Patti or the Occupy Wall Street Library (OWS Library), was a library founded in September 2011 by Occupy Wall Street protesters in lower Manhattan's Zuccotti Park located in the Financial District of New York City. It was temporarily evicted when Zuccotti Park was cleared on November 15, 2011, during which time 5,554 books were thrown away by the", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-48883", "score": 0.5974873900413513, "text": "Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the University owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, including the Yale Bowl, a campus in West Haven, Connecticut, and forest and nature preserves throughout New England. The university's assets include an endowment valued at $25.6 billion as of September 2015, the second largest of any educational institution.The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-48884", "score": 0.5974873900413513, "text": "Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the University owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, including the Yale Bowl, a campus in West Haven, Connecticut, and forest and nature preserves throughout New England. The university's assets include an endowment valued at $25.6 billion as of September 2015, the second largest of any educational institution.The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-48885", "score": 0.5974873900413513, "text": "Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the University owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, including the Yale Bowl, a campus in West Haven, Connecticut, and forest and nature preserves throughout New England. The university's assets include an endowment valued at $25.6 billion as of September 2015, the second largest of any educational institution.The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-48886", "score": 0.5974873900413513, "text": "Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the University owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, including the Yale Bowl, a campus in West Haven, Connecticut, and forest and nature preserves throughout New England. The university's assets include an endowment valued at $25.6 billion as of September 2015, the second largest of any educational institution.The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-48887", "score": 0.5974873900413513, "text": "Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the University owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, including the Yale Bowl, a campus in West Haven, Connecticut, and forest and nature preserves throughout New England. The university's assets include an endowment valued at $25.6 billion as of September 2015, the second largest of any educational institution.The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-180418", "score": 0.5967251062393188, "text": "Malcolm A. Love Library Malcolm A. Love Library (commonly referred to as Love Library), opened in 1971, is the primary academic library building on the campus of San Diego State University (SDSU) in San Diego, California. Along with the Library Addition, it now houses the Library & Information Access. The Library located in a central position on the SDSU campus, occupies more than , seats more than 3,000 people, and circulates more than 488,000 books yearly (as of 2011). It has more than 2.2 million volumes, 4.6 million microform items, and 140,000 maps. The Library was expanded with the opening", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3948522", "score": 0.5963539481163025, "text": "Columbia University Libraries Columbia University Libraries is the library system of Columbia University and is one of the top five academic library systems in North America and top ten largest libraries by volumes held. With 11.9 million volumes, over 160,000 journals and serials, as well as extensive electronic resources, manuscripts, rare books, microforms, maps, and graphic and audio-visual materials, it is the fifth largest academic library in the United States and the largest academic library in the State of New York. The services and collections are organized into 21 libraries and various academic technology centers, including affiliates. The organization employs", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-60585", "score": 0.596316397190094, "text": "As one of the earliest centers of book-printing in Europe (see above: History), Strasbourg for a long time held a large number of incunabula—documents printed before 1500—in her library as one of her most precious heritages. After the total destruction of this institution in 1870, however, a new collection had to be reassembled from scratch. Today, Strasbourg's different public and institutional libraries again display a sizable total number of incunabula, distributed as follows: Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire, ca. 2 098 Médiathèque de la ville et de la communauté urbaine de Strasbourg, 394 Bibliothèque du Grand Séminaire, 238 Médiathèque protestante, 94 and Bibliothèque alsatique du Crédit Mutuel, 5.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-151", "score": 0.673632800579071, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2764881", "score": 0.6223878860473633, "text": "Notre Dame Stadium. The former Alumni Senior Club opened its doors the first weekend in September 2003 after a $3.5 million renovation and transformed into the all-ages student hang-out that currently exists. Legends is made up of two parts: The Restaurant and Alehouse and the nightclub. The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission. The Office of Sustainability was created in the fall of 2007 at the recommendation of a Sustainability Strategy Working Group and appointed the first director in April 2008. The pursuit of sustainability is directly related to the", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3068537", "score": 0.6198160648345947, "text": "University of Notre Dame was visited by more than 1.8 millions visitors, more than 857,250 of which from outside of St. Joseph County. Development of the campus began in the spring of 1843, when Fr. Sorin and some of his congregation built the \"Old College,\" a building used for dormitories, a bakery, and a classroom. A year later, after an architect arrived, a small \"Main Building\" was built allowing for the launch of the college. The Main Building burned down in 1879, and it was immediately replaced with the current one. It was topped with the Golden Dome, which today has become Notre Dame's", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2207402", "score": 0.6183672547340393, "text": "Dunne Hall (University of Notre Dame) Dunne Hall is the newest of the 31 Residence Halls on the campus of the University of Notre Dame and one of the 16 male dorms. It is located on East Quad, between Knott Hall and McCourtney Hall. Built in 2016 together with its twin dorm Flaherty Hall, it was the first dorm built since Ryan Hall in 2009. It was built in 2015-2016, it opened for the Fall 2016 semester. It was constructed with 20 million dollars donated by Jimmy Dunne, a 1978 Notre Dame graduate, senior managing principal of Sandler O’Neill +", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3649231", "score": 0.6183672547340393, "text": "Dunne Hall (University of Notre Dame) Dunne Hall is the newest of the 31 Residence Halls on the campus of the University of Notre Dame and one of the 16 male dorms. It is located on East Quad, between Knott Hall and McCourtney Hall. Built in 2016 together with its twin dorm Flaherty Hall, it was the first dorm built since Ryan Hall in 2009. It was built in 2015-2016, it opened for the Fall 2016 semester. It was constructed with 20 million dollars donated by Jimmy Dunne, a 1978 Notre Dame graduate, senior managing principal of Sandler O’Neill +", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2957313", "score": 0.6168668270111084, "text": "Notre Dame Fighting Irish football field after the 2014 Commencement Weekend. In November 2014 the University of Notre Dame embarked on a $400 million stadium expansion called the Crossroads Campus Project. The project is expected to be completed by August 2017. Cartier Field was the original playing field of the Fighting Irish. In 1930, it was replaced by Notre Dame Stadium, due to the growing popularity of ND football. Notre Dame's practice facility still bears the Cartier Field name. Most ND practices take place on Cartier Field. Known by fans as \"the Gug\" (pronounced \"goog\"), the Guglielmino Athletics Complex is Notre Dame's new athletics complex.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-3879041", "score": 0.6168668270111084, "text": "Notre Dame Fighting Irish football field after the 2014 Commencement Weekend. In November 2014 the University of Notre Dame embarked on a $400 million stadium expansion called the Crossroads Campus Project. The project is expected to be completed by August 2017. Cartier Field was the original playing field of the Fighting Irish. In 1930, it was replaced by Notre Dame Stadium, due to the growing popularity of ND football. Notre Dame's practice facility still bears the Cartier Field name. Most ND practices take place on Cartier Field. Known by fans as \"the Gug\" (pronounced \"goog\"), the Guglielmino Athletics Complex is Notre Dame's new athletics complex.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-478806", "score": 0.6153910756111145, "text": "2007 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 2007 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Charlie Weis and played its home games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana. For the first time in school history, Notre Dame opened the season with five losses (Notre Dame's worst opening prior to 2007 was 0–3). Their nine-loss season was also a school record. With the end of the 2006 season, two assistant coaches' contracts came up and were not renewed by", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2772905", "score": 0.6150153875350952, "text": "construction is $380 million. In total, more than 18,000 tons of steel were used to build the bowl area and high roof, while 62,000 linear feet of ductwork were installed throughout the arena. The Devils had to play their first nine games of the 2007–08 NHL season on the road as construction on their home arena was finished. For the soft opening on October 20, the Newark Boys Chorus performed at Prudential Center, which became the first use of the arena. It officially opened on October 25, 2007, with a series of 10 concerts by the New Jersey native rock", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2317376", "score": 0.6147836446762085, "text": "Notre Dame Stadium measured a half-mile (800 m) in circumference, stood high, and featured a glass-enclosed press box rising above ground level. Initial stands reached 55 rows. Sollitt Construction Company of South Bend was the general contractor, and earth preparation began in the fall of 1929. Due to an unusually cold fall and winter, above-ground construction did not begin until April 2, 1930, so it was effectively built in six months. Over two million bricks were used in the construction of the walls and the concrete was placed in a monolithic continuous placement by section. There were over 300 workers on the site", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3368680", "score": 0.6114027500152588, "text": "O'Neill Hall (University of Notre Dame) O'Neill Family Hall is one of the 30 residence halls on the campus of the University of Notre Dame and one of the 16 male dorms. Built in 1996, the dormitory was funded by the O'Neill family from Midland, Texas. Established in 1996, O'Neill became both the first residence hall built on West Quad and the first residence hall constructed for men since Flanner and Grace Halls were built in 1969. The first residents of O'Neill came mostly from Grace Hall, a dorm that contained more than 500 students and spanned 11 floors. When", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-133", "score": 0.609277606010437, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-134", "score": 0.609277606010437, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-135", "score": 0.609277606010437, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-136", "score": 0.609277606010437, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-137", "score": 0.609277606010437, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-214", "score": 0.6086053252220154, "text": "The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers. The developer, Kite Realty out of Indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-215", "score": 0.6086053252220154, "text": "The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers. The developer, Kite Realty out of Indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-216", "score": 0.6086053252220154, "text": "The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers. The developer, Kite Realty out of Indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-217", "score": 0.6086053252220154, "text": "The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers. The developer, Kite Realty out of Indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-218", "score": 0.6086053252220154, "text": "The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed the private work site after a contractor hired non-union workers. The developer, Kite Realty out of Indianapolis, has made agreements with major national chains rather than local businesses, a move that has led to criticism from alumni and students.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-152", "score": 0.6552748680114746, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1419519", "score": 0.622416079044342, "text": "1985 NCAA Division I baseball season The 1985 NCAA Division I baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1985. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1985 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the thirty ninth time in 1985, consisted of one team from each of eight regional competitions and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Miami (FL) claimed the championship for the second time. This is a partial list", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2587742", "score": 0.6222546696662903, "text": "It has hosted the IHSAA Baseball State Finals four times, most recently in 2005. Loeb Stadium Loeb Stadium is a stadium in Columbian Park Lafayette, Indiana, United States. It was primarily used for baseball and was the home of Ohio Valley Redcoats and later the Lafayette Leopards. The ballpark had a capacity of 3,500 people and opened in 1940. It hosted the minor league Lafayette Red Sox a founding franchise of the Midwest League in 1956. It is home to the Colt League Baseball World Series every August since 1974, home to the Lafayette Jefferson High School Bronchos for IHSAA", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-794358", "score": 0.6220868825912476, "text": "1991 NCAA Division I baseball season The 1991 NCAA Division I baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1991. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1991 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the forty fifth time in 1991, consisted of one team from each of eight regional competitions and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. LSU claimed the championship for the first time. The Metro Conference dissolved their divisions", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-687299", "score": 0.6219709515571594, "text": "Cartier Field Cartier Field was a stadium in South Bend, Indiana. It hosted the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team from 1900 to 1928, and held nearly 30,000 people at its peak. The stands were torn down after the 1928 season to make room for Notre Dame Stadium, which opened in 1930. Notre Dame played its entire 1929 schedule away from campus (\"home\" games were at Chicago's Soldier Field), but nevertheless went 9-0 and won the National Championship. At Coach Knute Rockne's insistence, Cartier Field's grass was transplanted into Notre Dame Stadium. For more than 30 years after", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1580044", "score": 0.621930718421936, "text": "1993 NCAA Division I baseball season The 1993 NCAA Division I baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1993. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1993 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the forty seventh time in 1993, consisted of one team from each of eight regional competitions and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. LSU claimed the championship for the second time. This is a partial list of", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-233171", "score": 0.6211519837379456, "text": "area for 100 people with kitchen facilities, restrooms, and the Osprey Baseball \"Wall of Fame\". The \"Dusty Rhodes Batting Facility\" is a covered training facility with hitting cages, pitching machines, and several indoor pitching mounds. Harmon Stadium Dusty Rhodes Field at Harmon Stadium, generally known as Harmon Stadium, is the baseball stadium at the University of North Florida (UNF), and the home field of the North Florida Ospreys baseball team. It is located on the university's campus in Jacksonville, Florida, near the softball complex and aquatic center. It opened in 1988 and has a seating capacity of 1,250. The stadium", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-4029737", "score": 0.6209947466850281, "text": "Sunday games were staged outside the city limits, in Bruce Grounds (1887), and Indianapolis Park (1888-1889). The ballpark site is now occupied by the Methodist Hospital of Indianapolis. Tinker Park Tinker Park is the name of a former baseball ground located in Indianapolis, Indiana. The ground was the primary home of the Indianapolis Hoosiers baseball club of the National League from 1887 to 1889. The ballpark was named for Tinker Street, its adjacent street to the south, which was later renamed Seventh Street and then 16th Street. Other names for the ballpark were Athletic Park and Seventh Street Park. Other", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1612975", "score": 0.6205706596374512, "text": "least two occasions they were as far as . Over time, it gave up fewer home runs than any other park in the National League. The Astrodome's reputation as a pitcher's park continued even in the mid-1980s, when the fences were moved in closer than the Metrodome, which was long reckoned as a hitter's park. Astrodome The NRG Astrodome, also known as the Houston Astrodome or simply the Astrodome, is the world's first multi-purpose, domed sports stadium, located in Houston, Texas. Construction on the stadium began in 1962, and it officially opened in 1965. It served as home to the", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-372943", "score": 0.6201862096786499, "text": "Canadiens famed anthem singer Roger Doucet. The Hamilton Redbirds relocated to East Field in Glens Falls, New York in 1993 to become the Glens Falls Redbirds. After the 1993 season, the Glens Falls Redbirds were then relocated to Skylands Park located in Augusta, New Jersey in 1994 to become the New Jersey Cardinals. Today, the franchise is now stationed in University Park, Pennsylvania, located right outside of State College, Pennsylvania. The franchise is now known as the State College Spikes. Hamilton Redbirds The Hamilton Redbirds were a minor league baseball team that played in the New York–Penn League from 1988", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1959124", "score": 0.6197967529296875, "text": "1968 NCAA University Division baseball season The 1968 NCAA University Division baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1968. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1968 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the twenty second time in 1968, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Southern California claimed the championship. This is a partial list of conference champions from", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1296593", "score": 0.6196571588516235, "text": "1999 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 1999 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Bob Davie and played its home games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana. The 1999 season began on a positive note for Davie, who, after signing 21 recruits, was given a contract extension to coach until 2003. Though there were high hopes that the Irish could finally get another national championship, there were also many questions facing the team, top among those would be", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2317119", "score": 0.6196230053901672, "text": "2003 NCAA Division I baseball season The 2003 NCAA Division I baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level, began on January 16, 2003. The season progressed through the regular season, many conference tournaments and championship series, and concluded with the 2003 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament and 2003 College World Series. The College World Series, which consisted of the eight remaining teams in the NCAA Tournament, was held in its annual location of Omaha, Nebraska at Rosenblatt Stadium. It concluded on June 23, 2003,", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2859940", "score": 0.6195249557495117, "text": "Point Stadium Point Stadium is a baseball park in the eastern United States, located in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The \"Point\" refers to its location is at the confluence of the Little Conemaugh, Stonycreek, and Conemaugh rivers. It is home to the annual All-American Amateur Baseball Association (AAABA) national baseball tournament and the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown's NCAA Division II college baseball team. It is also a venue for football, primarily at the high school level. The original stadium opened in 1926 with a capacity of 17,000. The stadium featured an upper-deck on top of the grandstand. The Greater Johnstown High", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-378921", "score": 0.6192834377288818, "text": "Charlotte Knights The Charlotte Knights are a professional Minor League Baseball team in Charlotte, North Carolina. The team, which plays in the International League, is the Triple-A affiliate of the Chicago White Sox of the American League. The Knights play at BB&T Ballpark located in Uptown Charlotte. Professional baseball in Charlotte dates to 1892, with the formation of the Charlotte Hornets. The 1892 Hornets played in the South Atlantic League, but only lasted one season. A new team, the Charlotte \"Presbyterians\" played in 1900, but just a year later, a new \"Charlotte Hornets\" baseball team formed. They were an independent", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1053032", "score": 0.6192834377288818, "text": "Charlotte Knights The Charlotte Knights are a professional Minor League Baseball team in Charlotte, North Carolina. The team, which plays in the International League, is the Triple-A affiliate of the Chicago White Sox of the American League. The Knights play at BB&T Ballpark located in Uptown Charlotte. Professional baseball in Charlotte dates to 1892, with the formation of the Charlotte Hornets. The 1892 Hornets played in the South Atlantic League, but only lasted one season. A new team, the Charlotte \"Presbyterians\" played in 1900, but just a year later, a new \"Charlotte Hornets\" baseball team formed. They were an independent", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1370304", "score": 0.6192834377288818, "text": "Charlotte Knights The Charlotte Knights are a professional Minor League Baseball team in Charlotte, North Carolina. The team, which plays in the International League, is the Triple-A affiliate of the Chicago White Sox of the American League. The Knights play at BB&T Ballpark located in Uptown Charlotte. Professional baseball in Charlotte dates to 1892, with the formation of the Charlotte Hornets. The 1892 Hornets played in the South Atlantic League, but only lasted one season. A new team, the Charlotte \"Presbyterians\" played in 1900, but just a year later, a new \"Charlotte Hornets\" baseball team formed. They were an independent", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2575998", "score": 0.6188158988952637, "text": "to the 2011 Triple-A National Championship Game between the champions of the Pacific Coast League and the International League. The game featured the Columbus Clippers defeating the Omaha Storm Chasers, 8–3, in front of 9,569 fans. In 2012, New Mexico ranked 38th among Division I baseball programs in attendance, averaging 1,618 per home game. Isotopes Park has a seating capacity of 13,279, with 11,154 fixed seats. There are 661 club seats and 30 suites at the ballpark. The field features a hill in center field, similar to the one in the Houston Astros' stadium, Minute Maid Park. The stadium has", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3754780", "score": 0.6188158988952637, "text": "to the 2011 Triple-A National Championship Game between the champions of the Pacific Coast League and the International League. The game featured the Columbus Clippers defeating the Omaha Storm Chasers, 8–3, in front of 9,569 fans. In 2012, New Mexico ranked 38th among Division I baseball programs in attendance, averaging 1,618 per home game. Isotopes Park has a seating capacity of 13,279, with 11,154 fixed seats. There are 661 club seats and 30 suites at the ballpark. The field features a hill in center field, similar to the one in the Houston Astros' stadium, Minute Maid Park. The stadium has", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-4021795", "score": 0.6188158988952637, "text": "to the 2011 Triple-A National Championship Game between the champions of the Pacific Coast League and the International League. The game featured the Columbus Clippers defeating the Omaha Storm Chasers, 8–3, in front of 9,569 fans. In 2012, New Mexico ranked 38th among Division I baseball programs in attendance, averaging 1,618 per home game. Isotopes Park has a seating capacity of 13,279, with 11,154 fixed seats. There are 661 club seats and 30 suites at the ballpark. The field features a hill in center field, similar to the one in the Houston Astros' stadium, Minute Maid Park. The stadium has", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2943536", "score": 0.6185439229011536, "text": "Creighton Stadium Creighton Stadium was an outdoor American football stadium in the midwestern United States, located on the campus of Creighton University in Omaha, Nebraska. At the southeast corner of North 27th and Burt streets, it was the home field of the Creighton Bluejays of the Missouri Valley Conference. Constructed in 1924, and opened in 1925, it was a concrete stadium in the shape of an oval, but lacked enclosed end zones. Asymmetric, the larger grandstand on the south sideline was single level and included the press box, while the north grandstand had a second deck, bounded by Burt Street.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-153", "score": 0.777550995349884, "text": "The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a \"B\" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3701801", "score": 0.7345550656318665, "text": "Catholic Mission of the University. In his encyclical Laudato Si', Pope Francis stated, \"We need a conversation which includes everyone, since the environmental challenge we are undergoing, and its human roots, concern and affect us all.\" The University of Notre Dame received a gold rating from the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE) in 2014. In 2016, The Office of Sustainability released their Comprehensive Sustainability Strategy in order to achieve a number of goals in the areas of Energy and Emissions, Water, Building and Construction, Waste, Procurement, Licensing and Food Sources, Education, Research, and Community Outreach.<ref", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3758000", "score": 0.7345550656318665, "text": "Catholic Mission of the University. In his encyclical Laudato Si', Pope Francis stated, \"We need a conversation which includes everyone, since the environmental challenge we are undergoing, and its human roots, concern and affect us all.\" The University of Notre Dame received a gold rating from the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE) in 2014. In 2016, The Office of Sustainability released their Comprehensive Sustainability Strategy in order to achieve a number of goals in the areas of Energy and Emissions, Water, Building and Construction, Waste, Procurement, Licensing and Food Sources, Education, Research, and Community Outreach.<ref", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2764881", "score": 0.7199017405509949, "text": "Notre Dame Stadium. The former Alumni Senior Club opened its doors the first weekend in September 2003 after a $3.5 million renovation and transformed into the all-ages student hang-out that currently exists. Legends is made up of two parts: The Restaurant and Alehouse and the nightclub. The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission. The Office of Sustainability was created in the fall of 2007 at the recommendation of a Sustainability Strategy Working Group and appointed the first director in April 2008. The pursuit of sustainability is directly related to the", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6868583559989929, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2137450", "score": 0.6795896887779236, "text": "Campus of the University of Notre Dame in 1993 by Fathers Timothy Scully and Sean McGraw and serves dioceses in need over the country by providing education to lower income families. The building is environmentally friendly and was awarded the LEED Gold certification. It encloses a cloister garden that recalls the former convent of the Holy Cross novitiate. Student Health services are hosted in St. Liam Hall. The first University infirmary was destroyed in the great fire of 1879, and rebuilt the same year in the same spot behind Main Building. This structured survived until 1936, when it was razed to build the current structure. The present", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-133", "score": 0.6776226758956909, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-134", "score": 0.6776226758956909, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-135", "score": 0.6776226758956909, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-136", "score": 0.6776226758956909, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-137", "score": 0.6776226758956909, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.6719135046005249, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-68", "score": 0.6667178869247437, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-69", "score": 0.6667178869247437, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-70", "score": 0.6667178869247437, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-71", "score": 0.6667178869247437, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-72", "score": 0.6667178869247437, "text": "As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become \"one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world\" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, and marketing trends on the Internet. As of 2013, the university is home to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index which ranks countries annually based on how vulnerable they are to climate change and how prepared they are to adapt.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1121748", "score": 0.662659227848053, "text": "John I. Jenkins the University’s new Energy Center, now the Center for Sustainable Energy at Notre Dame (ND Energy), a semiconductor processing and device fabrication clean room, and an undergraduate inter-disciplinary learning center. Although Jenkins has repeatedly vowed to maintain Notre Dame’s identity as a Catholic university, he has not been immune to criticism. His decisions include an invitation to President Barack Obama to attend Notre Dame's 2009 commencement ceremony and to receive an honorary degree was heavily criticized by some Catholics, including some American bishops, who opposed the invitation because of Obama's stance on abortion. He has also been criticized for other", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-49024", "score": 0.6604532599449158, "text": "Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale. Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges. Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification. Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls. Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a \"B+\" grade overall.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-49025", "score": 0.6604532599449158, "text": "Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale. Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges. Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification. Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls. Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a \"B+\" grade overall.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-49026", "score": 0.6604532599449158, "text": "Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale. Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges. Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification. Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls. Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a \"B+\" grade overall.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-154", "score": 0.6340066194534302, "text": "The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a \"B\" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3151665", "score": 0.6022773385047913, "text": "Canterbury, New Zealand November at the Canterbury A&P Show. The show coincides with the regional anniversary day and Cup Week. During the interwar period, agricultural productivity was boosted by the introduction of mechanization, lime and the improvement of seed stocks. Canterbury is also New Zealand's main producer of cereal crops such as wheat, barley and oats. As of 2002, the region produced 60.7% of the nation's supply of wheat, 51.1% of its barley stocks and 43.7% of its supply of oats. The region's viticulture industry was established by French settlers in Akaroa. Since then, wine-growing is concentrated into two regions: Waipara and Burnham.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-975377", "score": 0.6020731925964355, "text": "Wheat production in the United States eight official classes of wheat: durum wheat, hard red spring wheat, hard red winter wheat, soft red winter wheat, hard white wheat, soft white wheat, unclassed wheat, and mixed wheat. Winter wheat accounts for 70 to 80 percent of total production in the US, with the largest amounts produced in Kansas (10.8 million tons) and North Dakota (9.8 million tons). The US hard red spring wheat crop is exported to over 70 countries each year to the extent of 55%. Of the total wheat produced in the country, 50% is exported, valued at US$9 billion. Although it was first introduced", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1404568", "score": 0.6018522381782532, "text": "gardens, pick wildflowers, or buy commercially-grown flowers from florists. Flowers provide less food than other major plant parts (seeds, fruits, roots, stems and leaves), but still provide several important vegetables and spices. Flower vegetables include broccoli, cauliflower and artichoke. The most expensive spice, saffron, consists of dried stigmas of a crocus. Other flower spices are cloves and capers. Hops flowers are used to flavor beer. Marigold flowers are fed to chickens to give their egg yolks a golden yellow color, which consumers find more desirable; dried and ground marigold flowers are also used as a spice and colouring agent in", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1109373", "score": 0.6018182635307312, "text": "grown at 9%pa. Of this about A$2 billion is accounted for by North America and the UK, and in this key latter market Australia is now the largest supplier of still wines. 2007 statistics for the North American market show that Australian wine accounted for a 17% share of the total value of US imported wine, behind France with 31% and Italy with 28%. New marketing strategies developed for the key UK market encouraged customers to explore premium Australian brands, while maintaining sales of the lower-margin high-volume brands, following research that indicated a celebratory dinner was more likely to be", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3449983", "score": 0.6017888188362122, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2373303", "score": 0.6017874479293823, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3363303", "score": 0.6017874479293823, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-666333", "score": 0.6016154289245605, "text": "several other festive occasions. Celtuce is pickled and used as a side dish during meals. Lettuce production in China China is the world leader in lettuce production, producing approximately half of the world's lettuce. Stem lettuce is grown in the country and the stems are prepared as a cooked vegetable. According to estimates given by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2006, China produced around 11,005,000 metric tonnes of lettuce on 500,250 hectares of land. In 2010, the FAO reported that some of lettuce were produced during that year. Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) is also a producer of good quality", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3059545", "score": 0.6015529036521912, "text": "Spinach in the United States of world output, following China (PRC), which accounts for 85% of output. California (73% of 2004–06 U.S. output), Arizona (12%), and New Jersey (3%) are the top producing states, with 12 other states reporting production of at least 100 acres (2002 census). Over the 2004–06 period, U.S. growers produced an average of 867 million pounds of spinach for all uses, with about three-fourths sold into the fresh market (includes fresh-cut/processed). According to the 2002 Census of Agriculture, spinach was grown on 1,109 U.S. farms—down 17% from 1997, but about the same number as in 1987. The farm value of U.S.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3305854", "score": 0.6015529036521912, "text": "Spinach in the United States of world output, following China (PRC), which accounts for 85% of output. California (73% of 2004–06 U.S. output), Arizona (12%), and New Jersey (3%) are the top producing states, with 12 other states reporting production of at least 100 acres (2002 census). Over the 2004–06 period, U.S. growers produced an average of 867 million pounds of spinach for all uses, with about three-fourths sold into the fresh market (includes fresh-cut/processed). According to the 2002 Census of Agriculture, spinach was grown on 1,109 U.S. farms—down 17% from 1997, but about the same number as in 1987. The farm value of U.S.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2956736", "score": 0.6015108227729797, "text": "self-described \"Gumbo Capital of the World\", Bridge City, Louisiana, holds an annual Gumbo Festival. The festival features gumbo cooked in a cast-iron pot 3 ft (0.9 m) deep and in diameter. More commonly, festival gumbo pots measure 2 ft (0.6 m) in depth and diameter. Gumbo Gumbo () is a stew popular in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and is the official state cuisine. Gumbo consists primarily of a strongly-flavored stock, meat or shellfish, a thickener, and what Louisianians call the \"Holy Trinity\" of vegetables, namely celery, bell peppers, and onions. Gumbo is often categorized by the type of thickener", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3992866", "score": 0.6015108227729797, "text": "self-described \"Gumbo Capital of the World\", Bridge City, Louisiana, holds an annual Gumbo Festival. The festival features gumbo cooked in a cast-iron pot 3 ft (0.9 m) deep and in diameter. More commonly, festival gumbo pots measure 2 ft (0.6 m) in depth and diameter. Gumbo Gumbo () is a stew popular in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and is the official state cuisine. Gumbo consists primarily of a strongly-flavored stock, meat or shellfish, a thickener, and what Louisianians call the \"Holy Trinity\" of vegetables, namely celery, bell peppers, and onions. Gumbo is often categorized by the type of thickener", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2196876", "score": 0.6011289358139038, "text": "Sagardotegi A sagardotegi (pronounced ) is a type of cider house found in the Basque Country where Basque cider and traditional foods such as cod omelettes are served. Modern sagardotegis can broadly be described as a cross between a steakhouse and a cider house. Most Basque cider, like most cider varieties in Spain, is called \"natural\" because, unlike many other European varieties, it is still, instead of sparkling. It normally contains 4-6% alcohol and is served directly from the barrel in a sagardotegi. The word \"sagardotegi\" is composed of three elements: \"sagar\" \"apple\" and \"ardo\" \"wine\", yielding \"sagardo\" or \"cider\"", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1319876", "score": 0.6008670926094055, "text": "Cuisine of New Jersey diced bell peppers, usually served on a hamburger roll or Kaiser roll. In addition to its local foods, New Jersey boasts a plethora of ethnic cuisines due to its large immigrant population. Some of the more prominent examples include Chinese, Indian, Brazilian, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Middle Eastern, Italian, Polish, and Greek food. Cuban cuisine has also had an impact in New Jersey, especially in the Hudson County area. Typical Cuban food found in the state includes Christianos y Moros (also known as arroz Moros), lechon, the Cuban sandwich, arroz salteado and dulce de leche. Among the ethnic culinary enclaves in", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2430991", "score": 0.6007841229438782, "text": "in vegetable production. Peanuts are considered a specialty product of Chiba: 78 per cent of the country's peanuts are produced in the prefecture. Chiba Prefecture leads the nation in the production of several vegetables, including carrots; cabbage; daikon radish; \"negi\", the ubiquitous Japanese cultivar of the Welsh onion; loquat; nashi, the Japanese cultivar of the pear, which has a two hundred-year history of cultivation in the prefecture; tomatoes; and spinach It is the nation's second largest producer of corn. Rice is also grown, and seaweed, specifically \"nori\", is harvested in large quantities from Tokyo Bay. Chiba's population is one of", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-565335", "score": 0.6006482243537903, "text": "Heirloom plant An heirloom plant, heirloom variety, heritage fruit (Australia and New Zealand), or heirloom vegetable (especially in Ireland and the UK) is an old cultivar of a plant used for food that is grown and maintained by gardeners and farmers, particularly in isolated or ethnic minority communities of the Western world. These were commonly grown during earlier periods in human history, but are not used in modern large-scale agriculture. In some parts of the world, it is illegal to sell seeds of cultivars that are not listed as approved for sale. The Henry Doubleday Research Association, now known as", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-763271", "score": 0.6006482243537903, "text": "Heirloom plant An heirloom plant, heirloom variety, heritage fruit (Australia and New Zealand), or heirloom vegetable (especially in Ireland and the UK) is an old cultivar of a plant used for food that is grown and maintained by gardeners and farmers, particularly in isolated or ethnic minority communities of the Western world. These were commonly grown during earlier periods in human history, but are not used in modern large-scale agriculture. In some parts of the world, it is illegal to sell seeds of cultivars that are not listed as approved for sale. The Henry Doubleday Research Association, now known as", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2074827", "score": 0.6005920767784119, "text": "Economy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines The St. Vincent economy is heavily dependent on agriculture being the world’s leading producer of arrowroot and grows other exotic fruit, vegetables and root crops. Bananas alone account for upwards of 60% of the work force and 50% of merchandise exports. Such reliance on a single crop makes the economy vulnerable to external factors. St. Vincent's banana growers benefited from preferential access to the European market. In view of the European Union's announced phase-out of this preferred access, economic diversification is a priority. Tourism has grown to become a very important part of", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2571933", "score": 0.6004965305328369, "text": "untrue or misleading representations about pricing. It was the owner's practice to charge an additional 18% of the price of the total bill. The Linkery The Linkery was a farm-to-table restaurant in North Park, San Diego, California that specialized in natural meat, local food, fine wines, craft beer, and cask ale. The restaurant's name referred to its daily-changing offerings of house-made sausages. The Linkery was founded in 2005 by Jay Porter, a former engineer and consultant for consumer electronics companies with no prior restaurant experience. Porter was responsible for the restaurant's strict no-tipping policy, which angered other nearby establishments.. Rumor", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3195974", "score": 0.6003378033638, "text": "Central Valley (California) world's most productive agricultural regions. More than 230 crops are grown there. On less than 1 percent of the total farmland in the United States, the Central Valley produces 8 percent of the nation's agricultural output by value: $43.5 billion USD in 2013. Its agricultural productivity relies on irrigation from both surface water diversions and groundwater pumping from wells. About one-sixth of the irrigated land in the U.S. is in the Central Valley. Virtually all non-tropical crops are grown in the Central Valley, which is the primary source for a number of food products throughout the United States, including tomatoes,", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-155", "score": 0.7451803088188171, "text": "The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a \"B\" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-39496", "score": 0.688612163066864, "text": "In January 2009, the Green Power Partnership (GPP, sponsored by the EPA) listed Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing energy from renewable sources. The university matches 74 million kilowatt hours (kWh) of its annual energy use with Green-e Certified Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). This green power commitment represents 30 percent of the university's total annual electricity use and places Northwestern in the EPA's Green Power Leadership Club. The 2010 Report by The Sustainable Endowments Institute awarded Northwestern a \"B-\" on its College Sustainability Report Card. The Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), supporting research, teaching and outreach in these themes, was launched in 2008.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-39497", "score": 0.688612163066864, "text": "In January 2009, the Green Power Partnership (GPP, sponsored by the EPA) listed Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing energy from renewable sources. The university matches 74 million kilowatt hours (kWh) of its annual energy use with Green-e Certified Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). This green power commitment represents 30 percent of the university's total annual electricity use and places Northwestern in the EPA's Green Power Leadership Club. The 2010 Report by The Sustainable Endowments Institute awarded Northwestern a \"B-\" on its College Sustainability Report Card. The Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), supporting research, teaching and outreach in these themes, was launched in 2008.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-39498", "score": 0.688612163066864, "text": "In January 2009, the Green Power Partnership (GPP, sponsored by the EPA) listed Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing energy from renewable sources. The university matches 74 million kilowatt hours (kWh) of its annual energy use with Green-e Certified Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). This green power commitment represents 30 percent of the university's total annual electricity use and places Northwestern in the EPA's Green Power Leadership Club. The 2010 Report by The Sustainable Endowments Institute awarded Northwestern a \"B-\" on its College Sustainability Report Card. The Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), supporting research, teaching and outreach in these themes, was launched in 2008.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-39499", "score": 0.688612163066864, "text": "In January 2009, the Green Power Partnership (GPP, sponsored by the EPA) listed Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing energy from renewable sources. The university matches 74 million kilowatt hours (kWh) of its annual energy use with Green-e Certified Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). This green power commitment represents 30 percent of the university's total annual electricity use and places Northwestern in the EPA's Green Power Leadership Club. The 2010 Report by The Sustainable Endowments Institute awarded Northwestern a \"B-\" on its College Sustainability Report Card. The Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), supporting research, teaching and outreach in these themes, was launched in 2008.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-39500", "score": 0.688612163066864, "text": "In January 2009, the Green Power Partnership (GPP, sponsored by the EPA) listed Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing energy from renewable sources. The university matches 74 million kilowatt hours (kWh) of its annual energy use with Green-e Certified Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). This green power commitment represents 30 percent of the university's total annual electricity use and places Northwestern in the EPA's Green Power Leadership Club. The 2010 Report by The Sustainable Endowments Institute awarded Northwestern a \"B-\" on its College Sustainability Report Card. The Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), supporting research, teaching and outreach in these themes, was launched in 2008.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-3701801", "score": 0.6811442971229553, "text": "Catholic Mission of the University. In his encyclical Laudato Si', Pope Francis stated, \"We need a conversation which includes everyone, since the environmental challenge we are undergoing, and its human roots, concern and affect us all.\" The University of Notre Dame received a gold rating from the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE) in 2014. In 2016, The Office of Sustainability released their Comprehensive Sustainability Strategy in order to achieve a number of goals in the areas of Energy and Emissions, Water, Building and Construction, Waste, Procurement, Licensing and Food Sources, Education, Research, and Community Outreach.<ref", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3758000", "score": 0.6811442971229553, "text": "Catholic Mission of the University. In his encyclical Laudato Si', Pope Francis stated, \"We need a conversation which includes everyone, since the environmental challenge we are undergoing, and its human roots, concern and affect us all.\" The University of Notre Dame received a gold rating from the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE) in 2014. In 2016, The Office of Sustainability released their Comprehensive Sustainability Strategy in order to achieve a number of goals in the areas of Energy and Emissions, Water, Building and Construction, Waste, Procurement, Licensing and Food Sources, Education, Research, and Community Outreach.<ref", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-49024", "score": 0.6691167950630188, "text": "Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale. Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges. Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification. Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls. Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a \"B+\" grade overall.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-49025", "score": 0.6691167950630188, "text": "Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale. Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges. Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification. Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls. Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a \"B+\" grade overall.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-49026", "score": 0.6691167950630188, "text": "Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale. Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges. Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification. Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls. Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a \"B+\" grade overall.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-49027", "score": 0.6691167950630188, "text": "Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale. Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges. Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification. Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls. Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a \"B+\" grade overall.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-49028", "score": 0.6691167950630188, "text": "Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale. Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges. Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification. Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls. Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a \"B+\" grade overall.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.6660042405128479, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.6660042405128479, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.6660042405128479, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.6660042405128479, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.6660042405128479, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2034658", "score": 0.6634178161621094, "text": "Sustainability at American Colleges and Universities effort to address global climate disruption consisting of a network of colleges and universities that have made institutional commitments to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions on campus, and to promote the research and educational efforts of higher education to prepare society to re-stabilize the earth’s climate. Oberlin College in Ohio features the first Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold certified music facility, while Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut has pledged that all new buildings will meet these same Gold standards. LEED is an internationally recognized green building certification system created by the U.S. Green Building Council. This", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3637510", "score": 0.6583067774772644, "text": "is ranked as being among the \"Best\" by \"U.S. News & World Report\". The university is listed by \"U.S. News & World Report\" as having one of The Best Undergraduate Engineering Programs. The Carnegie Foundation ranked PSU as a Top School in Curricular Engagement, Outreach, and Partnerships, and it is ranked as the 9th Best Neighbor Universities. Aside from academics, Portland State University is world-renowned for its sustainability and green initiatives. PSU has a Gold STARS Rating for Sustainability, is ranked among the Nation's Top Green Schools and has a Top Green Business School ranking by \"The Princeton Review\", it", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6582215428352356, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-156", "score": 0.5764608979225159, "text": "The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[update] four building construction projects were pursuing LEED-Certified status and three were pursuing LEED Silver. Notre Dame's dining services sources 40% of its food locally and offers sustainably caught seafood as well as many organic, fair-trade, and vegan options. On the Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2010, University of Notre Dame received a \"B\" grade. The university also houses the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. Father Gustavo Gutierrez, the founder of Liberation Theology is a current faculty member." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-43627", "score": 0.5462118983268738, "text": "A special case is that of El Colegio Nacional, created during the district's governmental period of Miguel Alemán Valdés to have, in Mexico, an institution similar to the College of France. The select and privileged group of Mexican scientists and artists belonging to this institution—membership is for life—include, among many, Mario Lavista, Ruy Pérez Tamayo, José Emilio Pacheco, Marcos Moshinsky (d.2009), Guillermo Soberón Acevedo. Members are obligated to publicly disclose their works through conferences and public events such as concerts and recitals.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-43628", "score": 0.5462118983268738, "text": "A special case is that of El Colegio Nacional, created during the district's governmental period of Miguel Alemán Valdés to have, in Mexico, an institution similar to the College of France. The select and privileged group of Mexican scientists and artists belonging to this institution—membership is for life—include, among many, Mario Lavista, Ruy Pérez Tamayo, José Emilio Pacheco, Marcos Moshinsky (d.2009), Guillermo Soberón Acevedo. Members are obligated to publicly disclose their works through conferences and public events such as concerts and recitals.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-43629", "score": 0.5462118983268738, "text": "A special case is that of El Colegio Nacional, created during the district's governmental period of Miguel Alemán Valdés to have, in Mexico, an institution similar to the College of France. The select and privileged group of Mexican scientists and artists belonging to this institution—membership is for life—include, among many, Mario Lavista, Ruy Pérez Tamayo, José Emilio Pacheco, Marcos Moshinsky (d.2009), Guillermo Soberón Acevedo. Members are obligated to publicly disclose their works through conferences and public events such as concerts and recitals.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-43630", "score": 0.5462118983268738, "text": "A special case is that of El Colegio Nacional, created during the district's governmental period of Miguel Alemán Valdés to have, in Mexico, an institution similar to the College of France. The select and privileged group of Mexican scientists and artists belonging to this institution—membership is for life—include, among many, Mario Lavista, Ruy Pérez Tamayo, José Emilio Pacheco, Marcos Moshinsky (d.2009), Guillermo Soberón Acevedo. Members are obligated to publicly disclose their works through conferences and public events such as concerts and recitals.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-497799", "score": 0.5460424423217773, "text": "Tuskegee University Tuskegee University is a private, historically black university (HBCU) located in Tuskegee, Alabama, United States. It was established by Lewis Adams and Booker T. Washington. The campus is designated as the Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site by the National Park Service and is the only one in the U.S. to have this designation. The university was home to scientist George Washington Carver and to World War II's Tuskegee Airmen. Tuskegee University offers 40 bachelor's degree programs, 17 master's degree programs, a 5-year accredited professional degree program in architecture, 4 doctoral degree programs, and the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-3357702", "score": 0.5460298657417297, "text": "Sorbonne The Sorbonne () is an edifice of the Latin Quarter, in Paris, France, which was the historical house of the former University of Paris. Today, it houses part or all of several higher education and research institutions such as Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Sorbonne Nouvelle University, Paris Descartes University, École pratique des hautes études, and Sorbonne University. The name is derived from the Collège de Sorbonne, founded in 1257 by the eponymous Robert de Sorbon as one of the first significant colleges of the medieval University of Paris. The library was among the first to arrange items alphabetically according to title.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-845580", "score": 0.5442439317703247, "text": "de Arte, Havana; International Studio & Curatorial Program (ISCP), New York City; Istituto Europeo di Design, Milan; IULM University of Milan, Milan; Kookmin University, Seoul; Korea Foundation, Seoul; MAXXI – National Museum of the 21st Century Arts, Rome; Musei Capitolini, Rome; Palazzo Strozzi, Florence; Parsons The New School for Design, New York City; Politecnico di Milano, Milan; The Valley School, Bangalore; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan. In 2009 Valerio Rocco Orlando won the ISCP New York Prize promoted by Parc/Seat/Gai. In 2011 he was awarded a Civitella Ranieri Foundation Visual Arts Fellowship and in 2014 he received an International", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-606842", "score": 0.5438069105148315, "text": "Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff Metropolitan University (), formerly University of Wales Institute, Cardiff (UWIC), is a university situated in Cardiff, Wales. It operates from two campuses: Llandaff on Western Avenue and Cyncoed campus on Cyncoed Road. The university has over 12,000 students. The university offers degree courses in a variety of disciplines. Study is available at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, full-time and part-time, and research opportunities are offered. Cardiff Metropolitan University has a number of research and enterprise centres, including the Food Industry Centre, the Welsh Centre for Tourism Research, and the National Centre for Product Design and Development Research.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3924473", "score": 0.5433731079101562, "text": "Slavoj Žižek Slavoj Žižek Slavoj Žižek ( ; ; born 21 March 1949) is a Slovenian philosopher. He is a professor at the Institute for Sociology and Philosophy at the University of Ljubljana and international director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities of the University of London. He works in subjects including continental philosophy, political theory, cultural studies, psychoanalysis, film criticism, Marxism, Hegelianism and theology. In 1989, Žižek published his first English text, \"The Sublime Object of Ideology\", in which he departed from traditional Marxist theory to develop a materialist conception of ideology that drew heavily on Lacanian psychoanalysis and Hegelian", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-835077", "score": 0.5430547595024109, "text": "in critical education circles today, though it is potentially of great importance for the future development of the ecopedagogy movement on the whole. Paulo Freire was himself at work on a book of ecopedagogy upon his death in 1997, parts of which are included in his posthumous \"Pedagogy of Indignation\" (2004). Other influential books include: Francisco Gutierrez and Cruz Prado's \"Ecopedagogy and Planetary Citizenship\" (1999), Moacir Gadotti's \"Pedagogy of the Earth\" (2000), and Richard Kahn's \"Critical Pedagogy, Ecoliteracy, and Planetary Crisis: The Ecopedagogy Movement\". Both supporters and critics of ecopedagogy agree that historically, critical educators in the West have been", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-360181", "score": 0.5422500371932983, "text": "Instituto Superior de Intérpretes y Traductores Instituto Superior de Intérpretes y Traductores The Instituto Superior de Intérpretes y Traductores, S.C. (in English: Superior Institute of Interpreters and Translators), commonly known as ISIT, is a private university located in Mexico City, Mexico. It focuses on interpretation and translation, and it became the first institution in the Americas to academically acknowledge these disciplines as bachelor degrees. ISIT has worked along with Fondo de Cultura Económica (Economic Culture Fund), the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (National Institute of Fine Arts), Asociación de Escritores de México (Writers Association of Mexico) and the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). It is", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3484979", "score": 0.5422500371932983, "text": "Instituto Superior de Intérpretes y Traductores Instituto Superior de Intérpretes y Traductores The Instituto Superior de Intérpretes y Traductores, S.C. (in English: Superior Institute of Interpreters and Translators), commonly known as ISIT, is a private university located in Mexico City, Mexico. It focuses on interpretation and translation, and it became the first institution in the Americas to academically acknowledge these disciplines as bachelor degrees. ISIT has worked along with Fondo de Cultura Económica (Economic Culture Fund), the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (National Institute of Fine Arts), Asociación de Escritores de México (Writers Association of Mexico) and the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). It is", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1527549", "score": 0.5422230362892151, "text": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, MIT adopted a European polytechnic university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. The institute is traditionally known for its research and education in the physical sciences and engineering, but more recently in biology, economics, linguistics and management as well. MIT is often ranked among the world's top universities. , 93 Nobel laureates, 25 Turing Award winners, and 8 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with MIT", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1695993", "score": 0.5422230362892151, "text": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, MIT adopted a European polytechnic university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. The institute is traditionally known for its research and education in the physical sciences and engineering, but more recently in biology, economics, linguistics and management as well. MIT is often ranked among the world's top universities. , 93 Nobel laureates, 25 Turing Award winners, and 8 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with MIT", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-242192", "score": 0.542081356048584, "text": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, MIT adopted a European polytechnic university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. The institute is traditionally known for its research and education in the physical sciences and engineering, but more recently in biology, economics, linguistics and management as well. MIT is often ranked among the world's top universities. , 93 Nobel laureates, 25 Turing Award winners, and 8 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with MIT", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2426956", "score": 0.5398587584495544, "text": "Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics The Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics (IPAM) is an American mathematics institute funded by the National Science Foundation. The initial funding for the institute was approved in May 1999 and it was inaugurated in August, 2000. IPAM is located on the UCLA campus, in close proximity to UCLA's Department of Mathematics. The building currently housing the institute was designed in 1973 by world-renowned Pritzker Prize-winning architect Frank Gehry. The mission of the institute is to make connections between a broad spectrum of mathematicians and scientists, to launch new collaborations, to better inform mathematicians", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3414930", "score": 0.5398151874542236, "text": "Alfred Kinsey Alfred Charles Kinsey (; June 23, 1894 – August 25, 1956) was an American biologist, professor of entomology and zoology, and sexologist who in 1947 founded the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University, previously known as the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction. He is best known for writing \"Sexual Behavior in the Human Male\" (1948) and \"Sexual Behavior in the Human Female\" (1953), also known as the Kinsey Reports, as well as the Kinsey scale. Kinsey's research on human sexuality, foundational to the field of sexology, provoked controversy in the 1940s and 1950s.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2659672", "score": 0.5397037267684937, "text": "University of Oklahoma The University of Oklahoma (OU) is a public research university in Norman, Oklahoma. Founded in 1890, it had existed in Oklahoma Territory near Indian Territory for 17 years before the two became the state of Oklahoma. In Fall 2016 the university had 31,250 students enrolled, most at its main campus in Norman. Employing nearly 3,000 faculty members, the school offers 152 baccalaureate programs, 160 master's programs, 75 doctorate programs, and 20 majors at the first professional level. David Boren, a former U.S. Senator and Oklahoma Governor, served as the university's president from 1994 to 2018. James L.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1202912", "score": 0.5378240942955017, "text": "Georgia Institute of Technology The Georgia Institute of Technology, commonly referred to as Georgia Tech, is a public research university and institute of technology located in the Midtown neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. It is a part of the University System of Georgia and has satellite campuses in Savannah, Georgia; Metz, France; Athlone, Ireland; Shenzhen, China; and Singapore. The school was founded in 1885 as the Georgia School of Technology as part of Reconstruction plans to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War Southern United States. Initially, it offered only a degree in mechanical engineering. By 1901, its curriculum had", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2018998", "score": 0.5378240942955017, "text": "Georgia Institute of Technology The Georgia Institute of Technology, commonly referred to as Georgia Tech, is a public research university and institute of technology located in the Midtown neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. It is a part of the University System of Georgia and has satellite campuses in Savannah, Georgia; Metz, France; Athlone, Ireland; Shenzhen, China; and Singapore. The school was founded in 1885 as the Georgia School of Technology as part of Reconstruction plans to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War Southern United States. Initially, it offered only a degree in mechanical engineering. By 1901, its curriculum had", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-158", "score": 0.6668426990509033, "text": "The university owns several centers around the world used for international studies and research, conferences abroad, and alumni support. The university has had a presence in London, England, since 1968. Since 1998, its London center has been based in the former United University Club at 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square. The center enables the Colleges of Arts & Letters, Business Administration, Science, Engineering and the Law School to develop their own programs in London, as well as hosting conferences and symposia. Other Global Gateways are located in Beijing, Chicago, Dublin, Jerusalem and Rome." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-392061", "score": 0.6330474615097046, "text": "programs. London currently has one sister city: London, Ontario London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada along the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. The city has a population of 383,822 according to the 2016 Canadian census. London is at the confluence of the Thames River, approximately from both Toronto, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan; and about from Buffalo, New York. The city of London is a separated municipality, politically separate from Middlesex County, though it remains the county seat. London and the Thames were named in 1793 by John Graves Simcoe, who proposed the site for the capital of Upper Canada. The", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-46847", "score": 0.6326962113380432, "text": "London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-46848", "score": 0.6326962113380432, "text": "London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-46849", "score": 0.6326962113380432, "text": "London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-46850", "score": 0.6326962113380432, "text": "London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-46851", "score": 0.6326962113380432, "text": "London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-46852", "score": 0.6326962113380432, "text": "London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-46853", "score": 0.6326962113380432, "text": "London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-46854", "score": 0.6326962113380432, "text": "London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-46855", "score": 0.6326962113380432, "text": "London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-46856", "score": 0.6326962113380432, "text": "London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library and 40 West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3233964", "score": 0.6288058757781982, "text": "and Horses episode 'He Ain't Heavy, He's My Uncle', Del mentions the arena when talking about living in a waterfront apartment. London Arena The London Arena (also known as London Docklands Arena) was an indoor arena and exhibition centre, on the Isle of Dogs, in east London, England which was inaugurated in 1989 and demolished for housing in 2006. Seating capacity was up to 15,000, depending on the type of event held. It was the home of the London Knights ice hockey team, the London Towers basketball team and later the Greater London Leopards basketball team. First opened in 1989,", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3734466", "score": 0.6259617805480957, "text": "Stratford City Stratford City is a mixed-use development project in Stratford, London, England. The main developers are the Westfield Group and Lend Lease. Stratford City is the name given to the urban community centred on the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. Based on Stratford Regional and Stratford International railway stations, it includes \"The International Quarter\", a joint venture between Lend Lease and London and Continental Railways (LCR) to create a £2 billion commercial and residential development, the Westfield shopping centre, Chobham Academy, and the East Village, previously the athletes’ village constructed by Lend Lease for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2883291", "score": 0.6258755922317505, "text": "Stratford City Stratford City is a mixed-use development project in Stratford, London, England. The main developers are the Westfield Group and Lend Lease. Stratford City is the name given to the urban community centred on the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. Based on Stratford Regional and Stratford International railway stations, it includes \"The International Quarter\", a joint venture between Lend Lease and London and Continental Railways (LCR) to create a £2 billion commercial and residential development, the Westfield shopping centre, Chobham Academy, and the East Village, previously the athletes’ village constructed by Lend Lease for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-16616", "score": 0.6235650777816772, "text": "Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England \"Royal Peculiar\"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-16617", "score": 0.6235650777816772, "text": "Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England \"Royal Peculiar\"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-16618", "score": 0.6235650777816772, "text": "Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England \"Royal Peculiar\"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-16619", "score": 0.6235650777816772, "text": "Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England \"Royal Peculiar\"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-16620", "score": 0.6235650777816772, "text": "Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England \"Royal Peculiar\"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-16621", "score": 0.6235650777816772, "text": "Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England \"Royal Peculiar\"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-161", "score": 0.6111002564430237, "text": "The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849. The university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum from Saint Louis University. Today the college, housed in O'Shaughnessy Hall, includes 20 departments in the areas of fine arts, humanities, and social sciences, and awards Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degrees in 33 majors, making it the largest of the university's colleges. There are around 2,500 undergraduates and 750 graduates enrolled in the college." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3724004", "score": 0.5805121660232544, "text": "and universities were subsequently named after Wesley. Wesleyan, along with Amherst College and Williams College, is a member of the Little Three colleges. Wesleyan alumni have won Pulitzer Prizes, Emmy Awards, Tony Awards and several other awards in their post-collegiate careers. Three histories of Wesleyan have been published, \"Wesleyan's First Century\" by Carl F. Price in 1932, another in 1999, \"Wesleyan University, 1831–1910: Collegiate Enterprise in New England\" and \"Wesleyan University, 1910-1970, Academic Ambition and Middle-Class America\", released in May 2015, both authored by David B. Potts. Wesleyan was founded as an all-male Methodist college in 1831. The university, established", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3527398", "score": 0.5804064273834229, "text": "down were that Rev. Dr. Smith was \"too fond of the grape\" to be worthy of such consecration. William Smith (Episcopal priest) William Smith (September 7, 1727 – May 14, 1803) was the first provost of the College of Philadelphia, which became the University of Pennsylvania. He was also the founder of Washington College in Chestertown Maryland, and St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland. Smith was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, to Thomas and Elizabeth (Duncan) Smith. He attended the University of Aberdeen, later claiming a master's from the institution. He also held the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Aberdeen,", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-213378", "score": 0.5803434252738953, "text": "baseball/softball field complex located next to the Dominican Center. As of 2016, Mount Saint Mary College's endowment was $78 million. Mount Saint Mary College Mount Saint Mary College is a private, co-educational, four-year liberal arts college, located in Newburgh in the mid-Hudson Valley region of New York State. It was founded in 1960 by the Dominican Sisters. The campus overlooks the Hudson River, halfway between New York City and Albany. More than 2,700 men and women are enrolled in over 50 undergraduate programs and 3 graduate degree programs. The \"Knights\" compete in NCAA Division III athletics in the Skyline Conference.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2764881", "score": 0.5803409218788147, "text": "Notre Dame Stadium. The former Alumni Senior Club opened its doors the first weekend in September 2003 after a $3.5 million renovation and transformed into the all-ages student hang-out that currently exists. Legends is made up of two parts: The Restaurant and Alehouse and the nightclub. The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission. The Office of Sustainability was created in the fall of 2007 at the recommendation of a Sustainability Strategy Working Group and appointed the first director in April 2008. The pursuit of sustainability is directly related to the", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3121012", "score": 0.5803306698799133, "text": "The College of New Jersey The College of New Jersey (TCNJ) is a public, coeducational university in the Trenton suburb of Ewing Township, New Jersey, United States. TCNJ was established in 1855 as the New Jersey State Normal School. The institution was the first normal school in the state of New Jersey and the fifth in the United States. Originally located in Trenton proper, the college was moved to its present location in adjacent Ewing Township during the early to mid-1930s. Since its inception, TCNJ has undergone several name changes, the most recent being the 1996 change to its current", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1394178", "score": 0.580255925655365, "text": "Notre Dame High School for Girls Notre Dame High School for Girls was a private, Roman Catholic, all-girls, college prep 9-12 high school in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1938 by the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur and in 2009, was incorporated by the Archdiocese of Chicago, making it part of the St. Ferdinand Parish. Its teachings were based on the educational philosophy of St. Julie Billiart, founder of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur. The school provides moral, academic, physical and social education. On June 16, 2016, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago announced", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2213042", "score": 0.5802292823791504, "text": "It was soon assimilated to the medieval Angevin University (), which had been dissolved during the French Revolution. The new faculty was canonically erected as the Catholic University of Angers () by Pope Pius IX in 1879. However, in 1890, a law prohibited private institutions of higher education from calling themselves \"universities\". The institution was then renamed the \"Free Faculty of Angers\" (), although it kept its original name on an informal basis. At the beginning of the 20th century, two higher education establishments, specializing in agriculture and commercial sciences, were opened. During the first half of the 20th century,", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1696355", "score": 0.5801690816879272, "text": "The College of New Jersey The College of New Jersey (TCNJ) is a public, coeducational university in the Trenton suburb of Ewing Township, New Jersey, United States. TCNJ was established in 1855 as the New Jersey State Normal School. The institution was the first normal school in the state of New Jersey and the fifth in the United States. Originally located in Trenton proper, the college was moved to its present location in adjacent Ewing Township during the early to mid-1930s. Since its inception, TCNJ has undergone several name changes, the most recent being the 1996 change to its current", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2022278", "score": 0.5801690816879272, "text": "The College of New Jersey The College of New Jersey (TCNJ) is a public, coeducational university in the Trenton suburb of Ewing Township, New Jersey, United States. TCNJ was established in 1855 as the New Jersey State Normal School. The institution was the first normal school in the state of New Jersey and the fifth in the United States. Originally located in Trenton proper, the college was moved to its present location in adjacent Ewing Township during the early to mid-1930s. Since its inception, TCNJ has undergone several name changes, the most recent being the 1996 change to its current", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1333626", "score": 0.5801565051078796, "text": "Andrew Carney Alexis Shorb, opened its doors to its first patient on June 9, 1863. Carney Hospital was the first Catholic hospital in New England. Carney donated $45,295 during his life to the hospital, plus he would bequest an additional $20,000, for a total of $75,295. Carney played a major role in the founding of Boston College and the Church of the Immaculate Conception. He donated $5000 plus all of the construction expenses to John McElroy, S.J the person responsible for the planning and creation of the college and church, who would oversee the use of the gift to complete the projects.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2463493", "score": 0.5801565051078796, "text": "Andrew Carney Alexis Shorb, opened its doors to its first patient on June 9, 1863. Carney Hospital was the first Catholic hospital in New England. Carney donated $45,295 during his life to the hospital, plus he would bequest an additional $20,000, for a total of $75,295. Carney played a major role in the founding of Boston College and the Church of the Immaculate Conception. He donated $5000 plus all of the construction expenses to John McElroy, S.J the person responsible for the planning and creation of the college and church, who would oversee the use of the gift to complete the projects.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-4030020", "score": 0.5801321864128113, "text": "Hall was not forgotten; to this day it is featured on the great seal of Michigan State University. College Hall (Michigan State University) College Hall was the first building erected on the campus of the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan (now Michigan State University), and the first in the United States to be erected \"for the teaching of scientific agriculture.\" Reputedly designed by John C. Holmes, it was built in 1856 and housed the school's classrooms, offices and laboratories, the school's library/museum, and a multifunction lecture hall/chapel. Along with Saints' Rest, and a horse barn, it was one", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-4056080", "score": 0.5801321864128113, "text": "Hall was not forgotten; to this day it is featured on the great seal of Michigan State University. College Hall (Michigan State University) College Hall was the first building erected on the campus of the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan (now Michigan State University), and the first in the United States to be erected \"for the teaching of scientific agriculture.\" Reputedly designed by John C. Holmes, it was built in 1856 and housed the school's classrooms, offices and laboratories, the school's library/museum, and a multifunction lecture hall/chapel. Along with Saints' Rest, and a horse barn, it was one", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-790574", "score": 0.5800607800483704, "text": "Sunday night. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962. Old West, Dickinson College Old West is the first building of the campus of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. It was designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe in 1803 and completed in 1822, and is a fine example of Federal period architecture. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962 for its architecture and its association with Latrobe. The construction of Old West, known then as \"New College\", was authorized and began in 1798. The effort was in response to the complaints that students could not live at the", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3387502", "score": 0.5800456404685974, "text": "Notre Dame High School for Girls Notre Dame High School for Girls was a private, Roman Catholic, all-girls, college prep 9-12 high school in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1938 by the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur and in 2009, was incorporated by the Archdiocese of Chicago, making it part of the St. Ferdinand Parish. Its teachings were based on the educational philosophy of St. Julie Billiart, founder of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur. The school provides moral, academic, physical and social education. On June 16, 2016, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago announced", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2957649", "score": 0.5798429846763611, "text": "school shared its name with an ancient Catholic University of Toulouse, which St Dominc helped found in 1229 with Saint Thomas Aquinas, whose tomb lies the church of the Jacobins. An 1880 law forced private schools to stop using the name \"University\", the university has been known since as the Catholic Institute of Toulouse. The Catholic Institute of Toulouse is one of five universities founded by the bishops of France. The Catholic Institute of Toulouse is a member of the International Federation of Catholic Universities, which includes 200 Catholic universities across the world and is one of 5 French Catholic", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-471162", "score": 0.5797654390335083, "text": "gave up his law practice in 1849, seeking retirement. As a member of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Butler sought to establish a university for that Christian movement. On January 15, 1850, the Indiana General Assembly approved the university. On November 1, 1855, the North Western Christian University opened. Ovid Butler served as the head of the Board of Directors until 1871. He became Chancellor of the University and, in 1877, the school became Butler University. Butler is also the namesake of the Ovid Butler Society, a recognition society for Butler University's most generous donors. Butler's summer months were", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-4011919", "score": 0.5797585248947144, "text": "and video conferencing classes. The Outreach School has nine regional centers in the state, with several on community college campuses, to give Wyoming residents access to a university education without relocating to Laramie. On September 27, 1886, the cornerstone of Old Main was laid marking the beginning of the University of Wyoming. The stone is inscribed \"Domi Habuit Unde Disceret\", which is often translated, \"He need not go away from home for instruction.\" The following year, the first class of 42 men and women began their college education. For the next decade the building housed classrooms, a library and administration", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2448276", "score": 0.5796260237693787, "text": "University of Limerick demand for expertise not met by the existing universities. Ireland established the National Institute for Higher Education (NIHE) at Limerick, modelled on the technological universities being developed in continental Europe. Edward Walsh took office as chairman of the planning board and director of the institute on 1 January 1970. With financing from the World Bank, construction began on phase one (the largest, most-advanced educational building project in Irish history. Faculty and staff were recruited internationally, and they—in addition to extensive teaching and research facilities—attracted foreign investment led by Analog Devices (which manufactured Ireland's first silicon chips. The first students were", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2487607", "score": 0.5795807242393494, "text": "Notre Dame–Stanford football rivalry in odd-numbered years since 1999. The game typically alternates positions in Notre Dame's schedule with its other Pac-12 opponent, USC. The winner of the game gains the Legends Trophy, a Dublin Irish crystal bowl resting on a California redwood base. The trophy was presented for the first time in 1989 by the Notre Dame Club of the San Francisco Bay Area. The series began on January 1, 1925 (the end of the 1924 season) when Notre Dame's Four Horsemen and head coach Knute Rockne faced Stanford's Ernie Nevers and head coach Pop Warner at the 1925 Rose Bowl. Notre Dame's", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-162", "score": 0.7167940735816956, "text": "The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849. The university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum from Saint Louis University. Today the college, housed in O'Shaughnessy Hall, includes 20 departments in the areas of fine arts, humanities, and social sciences, and awards Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degrees in 33 majors, making it the largest of the university's colleges. There are around 2,500 undergraduates and 750 graduates enrolled in the college." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6729838252067566, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-636150", "score": 0.6706423759460449, "text": "Before the Snite opened in 1980, Notre Dame did not have an art museum, although various public spaces at the University offered galleries. As early as 1924, the Wightman Memorial Art Gallery at University Library was used for art exhibitions. In 1952, O'Shaughnessy Hall, home of the Notre Dame College of Arts and Letters, was equipped with galleries. During the 1950s, Croatian sculptor Ivan Meštrović was in residence at the University, working in the eponymous Meštrović Studio. In 1975, the Fred B. Snite family donated funds to construct the Snite Museum of Art. The museum opened in 1980, incorporating both", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3583816", "score": 0.6706423759460449, "text": "Before the Snite opened in 1980, Notre Dame did not have an art museum, although various public spaces at the University offered galleries. As early as 1924, the Wightman Memorial Art Gallery at University Library was used for art exhibitions. In 1952, O'Shaughnessy Hall, home of the Notre Dame College of Arts and Letters, was equipped with galleries. During the 1950s, Croatian sculptor Ivan Meštrović was in residence at the University, working in the eponymous Meštrović Studio. In 1975, the Fred B. Snite family donated funds to construct the Snite Museum of Art. The museum opened in 1980, incorporating both", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-675833", "score": 0.6635303497314453, "text": "additions to the campus. Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school, but soon received its official college charter from the Indiana General Assembly on January 15, 1844. Under the charter the school is officially named the University of Notre Dame du Lac (University of Our Lady of the Lake). Because the university was originally only for male students, the female-only Saint Mary's College was founded by the Sisters of the Holy Cross near Notre Dame in 1844. The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-4027738", "score": 0.6570563316345215, "text": "Stonehill College Stonehill College is a private, non-profit, coeducational, Roman Catholic, liberal arts college located in Easton, Massachusetts, United States, founded in 1948. Stonehill is located south of Boston on a campus, the original estate of Frederick Lothrop Ames, Jr.. The campus map highlights 29 buildings that complement the original Georgian-style Ames mansion. Stonehill College was founded in 1948 by the Congregation of Holy Cross, whose members established the University of Notre Dame (1842). Other Holy Cross Colleges include Our Lady of Holy Cross College (Louisiana), King's College (Pennsylvania), the University of Portland, Saint Mary's College (Indiana), St. Edward's University,", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.6558682918548584, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.6558682918548584, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.6558682918548584, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.6558682918548584, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.6558682918548584, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1320921", "score": 0.6453561782836914, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Following his ordination as a priest in the Congregation of Holy Cross, he traveled as a missionary to the United States where he worked in Indiana, what was then considered a very remote area of the nation. Accompanied by six brothers, he landed in New York and proceeded to Indiana where he acquired possession of 524 snow-covered acres of land from the Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana. On November 26, 1842, Sorin began the foundation of the University of Notre Dame on this land. The University of Notre Dame commissioned artist Ernesto Biondi to create the statue in memory of Sorin.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2784202", "score": 0.6453561782836914, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Following his ordination as a priest in the Congregation of Holy Cross, he traveled as a missionary to the United States where he worked in Indiana, what was then considered a very remote area of the nation. Accompanied by six brothers, he landed in New York and proceeded to Indiana where he acquired possession of 524 snow-covered acres of land from the Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana. On November 26, 1842, Sorin began the foundation of the University of Notre Dame on this land. The University of Notre Dame commissioned artist Ernesto Biondi to create the statue in memory of Sorin.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-98070", "score": 0.645209789276123, "text": "McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts The McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts, part of Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was founded as the College of Arts and Letters, part of the \"Pittsburgh Catholic College\" in 1878. The College was incorporated in 1882 with the authority to grant degrees in the arts and sciences. By 1911, the College and University Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania extended the college's status to that of a university and approved the new name, Duquesne University. The College confers two undergraduate degrees: Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science. Majors", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-743270", "score": 0.6451766490936279, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Following his ordination as a priest in the Congregation of Holy Cross, he traveled as a missionary to the United States where he worked in Indiana, what was then considered a very remote area of the nation. Accompanied by six brothers, he landed in New York and proceeded to Indiana where he acquired possession of 524 snow-covered acres of land from the Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana. On November 26, 1842, Sorin began the foundation of the University of Notre Dame on this land. The University of Notre Dame commissioned artist Ernesto Biondi to create the statue in memory of Sorin.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-180", "score": 0.6433706879615784, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-181", "score": 0.6433706879615784, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-182", "score": 0.6433706879615784, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-183", "score": 0.6433706879615784, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-184", "score": 0.6433706879615784, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2497240", "score": 0.6421372890472412, "text": "Notre Dame College Notre Dame College, also known as Notre Dame College of Ohio or simply NDC, is a Catholic liberal arts college in South Euclid, Ohio, United States. Established in 1922 as a women's college, it has been coeducational since January 2001. Notre Dame College offers 30 majors and individually designed majors and confers undergraduate and graduate degrees through five academic divisions. The college had a total enrollment of 2,100 students in fall 2016. The main academic and residential campus is located east of Cleveland in South Euclid. Fielding athletic teams known as the Notre Dame Falcons, the college", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-163", "score": 0.7492100596427917, "text": "The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849. The university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum from Saint Louis University. Today the college, housed in O'Shaughnessy Hall, includes 20 departments in the areas of fine arts, humanities, and social sciences, and awards Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degrees in 33 majors, making it the largest of the university's colleges. There are around 2,500 undergraduates and 750 graduates enrolled in the college." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1582931", "score": 0.6744577288627625, "text": "accumulated and a charter granted on April 28, 1855. Santa Clara bears the distinction of awarding California's first bachelor's degree, bestowed upon Thomas I. Bergin in 1857, as well as its first graduate degree granted two years later. Inheriting the grounds of Mission Santa Clara de Asís, Santa Clara University's campus, library holdings, art collection, and many of its defining traditions date back to 1777, almost 75 years before its founding. In January of that year, Saint Junipero Serra, a Spanish Franciscan friar, established Mission Santa Clara as the eighth of 21 Alta California missions. Fray Tomás de la Peña", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3002894", "score": 0.6736880540847778, "text": "accumulated and a charter granted on April 28, 1855. Santa Clara bears the distinction of awarding California's first bachelor's degree, bestowed upon Thomas I. Bergin in 1857, as well as its first graduate degree granted two years later. Inheriting the grounds of Mission Santa Clara de Asís, Santa Clara University's campus, library holdings, art collection, and many of its defining traditions date back to 1777, almost 75 years before its founding. In January of that year, Saint Junipero Serra, a Spanish Franciscan friar, established Mission Santa Clara as the eighth of 21 Alta California missions. Fray Tomás de la Peña", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-675833", "score": 0.6709700226783752, "text": "additions to the campus. Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school, but soon received its official college charter from the Indiana General Assembly on January 15, 1844. Under the charter the school is officially named the University of Notre Dame du Lac (University of Our Lady of the Lake). Because the university was originally only for male students, the female-only Saint Mary's College was founded by the Sisters of the Holy Cross near Notre Dame in 1844. The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-98070", "score": 0.6697156429290771, "text": "McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts The McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts, part of Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was founded as the College of Arts and Letters, part of the \"Pittsburgh Catholic College\" in 1878. The College was incorporated in 1882 with the authority to grant degrees in the arts and sciences. By 1911, the College and University Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania extended the college's status to that of a university and approved the new name, Duquesne University. The College confers two undergraduate degrees: Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science. Majors", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6667163968086243, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.6604840159416199, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.6587499976158142, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.6587499976158142, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.6587499976158142, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.6587499976158142, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.6587499976158142, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-24", "score": 0.6570678353309631, "text": "The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-25", "score": 0.6570678353309631, "text": "The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-26", "score": 0.6570678353309631, "text": "The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-27", "score": 0.6570678353309631, "text": "The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-28", "score": 0.6570678353309631, "text": "The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-171", "score": 0.6526103019714355, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-172", "score": 0.6526103019714355, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-173", "score": 0.6526103019714355, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-174", "score": 0.6526103019714355, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-165", "score": 0.7342976331710815, "text": "The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849. The university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum from Saint Louis University. Today the college, housed in O'Shaughnessy Hall, includes 20 departments in the areas of fine arts, humanities, and social sciences, and awards Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degrees in 33 majors, making it the largest of the university's colleges. There are around 2,500 undergraduates and 750 graduates enrolled in the college." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2497240", "score": 0.6747222542762756, "text": "Notre Dame College Notre Dame College, also known as Notre Dame College of Ohio or simply NDC, is a Catholic liberal arts college in South Euclid, Ohio, United States. Established in 1922 as a women's college, it has been coeducational since January 2001. Notre Dame College offers 30 majors and individually designed majors and confers undergraduate and graduate degrees through five academic divisions. The college had a total enrollment of 2,100 students in fall 2016. The main academic and residential campus is located east of Cleveland in South Euclid. Fielding athletic teams known as the Notre Dame Falcons, the college", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3120186", "score": 0.6747222542762756, "text": "Notre Dame College Notre Dame College, also known as Notre Dame College of Ohio or simply NDC, is a Catholic liberal arts college in South Euclid, Ohio, United States. Established in 1922 as a women's college, it has been coeducational since January 2001. Notre Dame College offers 30 majors and individually designed majors and confers undergraduate and graduate degrees through five academic divisions. The college had a total enrollment of 2,100 students in fall 2016. The main academic and residential campus is located east of Cleveland in South Euclid. Fielding athletic teams known as the Notre Dame Falcons, the college", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2373303", "score": 0.6707717776298523, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3363303", "score": 0.6707717776298523, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3449983", "score": 0.670508623123169, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2205920", "score": 0.6699422001838684, "text": "offered its first undergraduate course in the Quad Cities. Western Illinois University is composed of four academic colleges: Arts & Sciences, Business & Technology, Education & Human Services, and Fine Arts & Communication, in addition to an Honors College the School of Extended Studies, which includes nontraditional programs. Ranked 413 among the best public and private colleges and universities, from the student's point of view in \"Forbes\". The university offers 69 undergraduate majors, over 51 bachelor's degree programs and 13 pre-professional degrees at the undergraduate level. At the graduate level, 42 degree and certificate programs are offered. 95% of all", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3257315", "score": 0.6695317625999451, "text": "offered its first undergraduate course in the Quad Cities. Western Illinois University is composed of four academic colleges: Arts & Sciences, Business & Technology, Education & Human Services, and Fine Arts & Communication, in addition to an Honors College the School of Extended Studies, which includes nontraditional programs. Ranked 413 among the best public and private colleges and universities, from the student's point of view in \"Forbes\". The university offers 69 undergraduate majors, over 51 bachelor's degree programs and 13 pre-professional degrees at the undergraduate level. At the graduate level, 42 degree and certificate programs are offered. 95% of all", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1348537", "score": 0.6687747240066528, "text": "the College writing requirements. Finally, all students must display a proficiency in a foreign language (usually by completing a fourth-semester course). Boston University's CAS provides advising resources to undergraduates in pre-professional tracks, including Pre-Med and Pre-Law. Boston University College of Arts and Sciences The College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) (formerly the College of Liberal Arts (CLA)) is Boston University's largest undergraduate school, offering Bachelor of Arts degrees in 23 different departments and 20 interdisciplinary programs. The programs are divided into four broad categories encompassing over 2,500 courses, including natural science, social science, humanities, and math & computer science. About", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1716795", "score": 0.6687747240066528, "text": "the College writing requirements. Finally, all students must display a proficiency in a foreign language (usually by completing a fourth-semester course). Boston University's CAS provides advising resources to undergraduates in pre-professional tracks, including Pre-Med and Pre-Law. Boston University College of Arts and Sciences The College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) (formerly the College of Liberal Arts (CLA)) is Boston University's largest undergraduate school, offering Bachelor of Arts degrees in 23 different departments and 20 interdisciplinary programs. The programs are divided into four broad categories encompassing over 2,500 courses, including natural science, social science, humanities, and math & computer science. About", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2300518", "score": 0.6687747240066528, "text": "the College writing requirements. Finally, all students must display a proficiency in a foreign language (usually by completing a fourth-semester course). Boston University's CAS provides advising resources to undergraduates in pre-professional tracks, including Pre-Med and Pre-Law. Boston University College of Arts and Sciences The College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) (formerly the College of Liberal Arts (CLA)) is Boston University's largest undergraduate school, offering Bachelor of Arts degrees in 23 different departments and 20 interdisciplinary programs. The programs are divided into four broad categories encompassing over 2,500 courses, including natural science, social science, humanities, and math & computer science. About", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1775922", "score": 0.6669875383377075, "text": "of Science, Bachelor of Fine Arts and Bachelor of Music degrees to undergraduate students and the M.A., M.S., Ph.D. and Ed. D. for graduate students. Undergraduates can choose from 45 majors and minors, while graduate students can explore 75 graduate degrees and advanced certificates. Students are also free to design special majors or engage in dual majors. The most popular majors for undergraduates are Business, Management, Psychology, Communications, English, Studio Art, and History. The Castle Scholars Honors Program at Manhattanville College seeks to challenge high-achieving students and encourages them to explore new areas of interest beyond the usual intellectual parameters", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-309521", "score": 0.6668375730514526, "text": "of Science, Bachelor of Fine Arts and Bachelor of Music degrees to undergraduate students and the M.A., M.S., Ph.D. and Ed. D. for graduate students. Undergraduates can choose from 45 majors and minors, while graduate students can explore 75 graduate degrees and advanced certificates. Students are also free to design special majors or engage in dual majors. The most popular majors for undergraduates are Business, Management, Psychology, Communications, English, Studio Art, and History. The Castle Scholars Honors Program at Manhattanville College seeks to challenge high-achieving students and encourages them to explore new areas of interest beyond the usual intellectual parameters", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-39", "score": 0.661734402179718, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-40", "score": 0.661734402179718, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-41", "score": 0.661734402179718, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-42", "score": 0.661734402179718, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-43", "score": 0.661734402179718, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-98070", "score": 0.6596431732177734, "text": "McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts The McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts, part of Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was founded as the College of Arts and Letters, part of the \"Pittsburgh Catholic College\" in 1878. The College was incorporated in 1882 with the authority to grant degrees in the arts and sciences. By 1911, the College and University Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania extended the college's status to that of a university and approved the new name, Duquesne University. The College confers two undergraduate degrees: Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science. Majors", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3997432", "score": 0.6593641042709351, "text": "St. Mary's College of Maryland making a difference in the world, informed by the natural beauty and historic meaning of the St. Mary's City area. The St. Mary's Way also sets a tone for integrity and tolerance of differences in viewpoint, background and experience. The text of the St. Mary's Way is as follows: The college has 31 undergraduate programs that allow a choice of 24 majors, leading to a Bachelor of Arts (BA), and 26 minors. 69% of St. Mary's students major or minor in a second academic discipline. Popular degree programs include biology, economics, English, history, political science, and psychology. The college also", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-386370", "score": 0.6584066152572632, "text": "Boston University College of Arts and Sciences The College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) (formerly the College of Liberal Arts (CLA)) is Boston University's largest undergraduate school, offering Bachelor of Arts degrees in 23 different departments and 20 interdisciplinary programs. The programs are divided into four broad categories encompassing over 2,500 courses, including natural science, social science, humanities, and math & computer science. About half of the students at Boston University are enrolled through the College of Arts and Sciences, while almost all students take a few courses through the school during their academic career. Boston University's CAS stresses a", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-166", "score": 0.7066367864608765, "text": "The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by president Father Patrick Dillon. Dillon's scientific courses were six years of work, including higher-level mathematics courses. Today the college, housed in the newly built Jordan Hall of Science, includes over 1,200 undergraduates in six departments of study – biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, pre-professional studies, and applied and computational mathematics and statistics (ACMS) – each awarding Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degrees. According to university statistics, its science pre-professional program has one of the highest acceptance rates to medical school of any university in the United States." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-133", "score": 0.6681891083717346, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-134", "score": 0.6681891083717346, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-135", "score": 0.6681891083717346, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-136", "score": 0.6681891083717346, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-137", "score": 0.6681891083717346, "text": "Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-93", "score": 0.6603463888168335, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-94", "score": 0.6603463888168335, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-95", "score": 0.6603463888168335, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-96", "score": 0.6603463888168335, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-97", "score": 0.6603463888168335, "text": "In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastions of academic conservatism, were reluctant to move to a system of electives. Their graduates were shut out of Harvard Law School for that reason. Notre Dame continued to grow over the years, adding more colleges, programs, and sports teams. By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6586356163024902, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3587792", "score": 0.6577377915382385, "text": "University of Notre Dame ever made to an American Catholic university. He also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of what Andrew Greeley calls a \"dramatic transformation.\" In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950,", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-426792", "score": 0.6573933362960815, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1800194", "score": 0.6571320295333862, "text": "assist young struggling women and men in need of furthering their education, offering Associate of Science or Associate of Occupational Science degrees. Seton Hall College (now known as Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey) was formally founded on September 1, 1856, by Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley, of the then-Diocese of Newark. Bishop Bayley was a cousin of President Theodore Roosevelt and a nephew of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, for whom he named the institution. The Seton Hill Schools (now part of Seton Hill University), named for St. Elizabeth, were founded by the Sisters of Charity in 1885. The university", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2410588", "score": 0.6571320295333862, "text": "assist young struggling women and men in need of furthering their education, offering Associate of Science or Associate of Occupational Science degrees. Seton Hall College (now known as Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey) was formally founded on September 1, 1856, by Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley, of the then-Diocese of Newark. Bishop Bayley was a cousin of President Theodore Roosevelt and a nephew of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, for whom he named the institution. The Seton Hill Schools (now part of Seton Hill University), named for St. Elizabeth, were founded by the Sisters of Charity in 1885. The university", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1787802", "score": 0.6570375561714172, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1984026", "score": 0.6570375561714172, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3014525", "score": 0.6570375561714172, "text": "Walsh Hall (University of Notre Dame) Falconio. It was built as a male dorm and could accommodate 104 students, and named in honor of the former president Fr. Thomas E. Walsh. Rev Thomas E. Walsh C.S.C created Notre Dame's first football team in 1887 and was only 28 when he was chosen by Rev, Edward Sorin to be appointed the sixth president of Notre Dame. Walsh expanded the University's curriculum and raised its academic standards. In the 1960s the basement was home to the Knights of Columbus at Notre Dame, before the Knights of Columbus building was built. In 1967 the hall's rector Father Dan O'Neil,", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3256497", "score": 0.6566625237464905, "text": "study bookkeeping and commercial law. He also laid the foundations for the development of a course in the sciences. He was popular with students because of his disciplinary leniency. He died of illness a few years later in 1868. Patrick Dillon The Rev. Patrick Dillon, C.S.C. (January 1, 1832 – November 15, 1868) was an Irish-American Catholic priest, and second President of the University of Notre Dame from 1865 to 1866. He was the first Irish priest of the University. The Rev. Patrick Dillon served as the second president of the University of Notre Dame from 1865 to 1866. He", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-113", "score": 0.6498875021934509, "text": "The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies and research at a time when Notre Dame quadrupled in student census, undergraduate enrollment increased by more than half, and graduate student enrollment grew fivefold. Cavanaugh also established the Lobund Institute for Animal Studies and Notre Dame's Medieval Institute. Cavanaugh also presided over the construction of the Nieuwland Science Hall, Fisher Hall, and the Morris Inn, as well as the Hall of Liberal Arts (now O'Shaughnessy Hall), made possible by a donation from I.A. O'Shaughnessy, at the time the largest ever made to an American Catholic university. Cavanaugh also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today and are vital to the university's governance and development", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-167", "score": 0.6797494888305664, "text": "The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by president Father Patrick Dillon. Dillon's scientific courses were six years of work, including higher-level mathematics courses. Today the college, housed in the newly built Jordan Hall of Science, includes over 1,200 undergraduates in six departments of study – biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, pre-professional studies, and applied and computational mathematics and statistics (ACMS) – each awarding Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degrees. According to university statistics, its science pre-professional program has one of the highest acceptance rates to medical school of any university in the United States." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-4027738", "score": 0.6453520059585571, "text": "Stonehill College Stonehill College is a private, non-profit, coeducational, Roman Catholic, liberal arts college located in Easton, Massachusetts, United States, founded in 1948. Stonehill is located south of Boston on a campus, the original estate of Frederick Lothrop Ames, Jr.. The campus map highlights 29 buildings that complement the original Georgian-style Ames mansion. Stonehill College was founded in 1948 by the Congregation of Holy Cross, whose members established the University of Notre Dame (1842). Other Holy Cross Colleges include Our Lady of Holy Cross College (Louisiana), King's College (Pennsylvania), the University of Portland, Saint Mary's College (Indiana), St. Edward's University,", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2978324", "score": 0.6416108012199402, "text": "Northeast Catholic College was founded as Magdalen College by Catholic laymen in 1973. From 1974 to 1991 the college operated at its original campus in Bedford, New Hampshire; in 1991, it moved to its current site in Warner. Catholic laymen Francis Boucher, John Meehan and Peter Sampo founded Magdalen College in 1973, responding to the Second Vatican Council's call for the education of lay Catholic leaders, and with the encouragement of the Bishop of Manchester, Ernest John Primeau. The college was chartered by the State of New Hampshire August 22, 1973, and enrolled its first students in September 1974. The first class consisted", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2646643", "score": 0.6415309309959412, "text": "Fordham University Fordham University () is a private research university in New York City. Founded by the Catholic Diocese of New York in 1841, it is the oldest Catholic university in the northeastern United States, the third-oldest university in New York, and the only Jesuit university in New York City. Established as St. John's College by John Hughes, then a coadjutor bishop of New York, it was placed in the care of the Society of Jesus shortly thereafter, and has since become a Jesuit-affiliated independent school under a lay board of trustees. The college's first president, John McCloskey, was later", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-291958", "score": 0.640119731426239, "text": "that, after years of dwindling enrollment, the school would be closing its doors on July 1, 2016. Notre Dame High School for Girls Notre Dame High School for Girls was a private, Roman Catholic, all-girls, college prep 9-12 high school in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1938 by the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur and in 2009, was incorporated by the Archdiocese of Chicago, making it part of the St. Ferdinand Parish. Its teachings were based on the educational philosophy of St. Julie Billiart, founder of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur. The school provides", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-896583", "score": 0.6377457976341248, "text": "Since the college became coeducational it has seen enrollment double from nearly 1,000 in 2001 to over 2,000 in 2010. In 2008, NDC began construction on two additional residence halls, North and South halls. The structures opened in 2009 at a cost of $15 million. Notre Dame College offers associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees and is divided into five Academic Divisions: The college also has three special programs and two interdisciplinary programs. NDC currently offers 30 majors in its bachelor's degree programs. It also offers an Associate in Arts degree in Pastoral Ministry. and a master's degree in", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-337627", "score": 0.6372454762458801, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-910860", "score": 0.6372454762458801, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1560191", "score": 0.6372454762458801, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3631436", "score": 0.6372454762458801, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2210837", "score": 0.6370340585708618, "text": "Notre Dame College of Science Neoprene, the first synthetic rubber. Because of his contribution, in 1952 DuPont paid in part the construction of Nieuwland Science Hall, that to this day hosts research in physics and chemistry.The Laboratories of Bacteriology at the University of Notre Dame (LOBUND) is established in 1935 after the germ-free research of Prof. James Reyniers. The LOBUND attracts top scientists and became the world’s leader institution in germ-free research. The first whole-ecosystem experiment is performed in 1951 on about 7,500 acres on the Wisconsin-Michigan border at the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center (UNDERC), land owned by the University comprising several", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-963923", "score": 0.6335779428482056, "text": "Dublin City University Dublin City University (abbreviated as DCU) () is a university based on the Northside of Dublin, Ireland. Created as the \"National Institute for Higher Education, Dublin\" in 1975, it enrolled its first students in 1980, and was elevated to university status (along with the NIHE Limerick, now the University of Limerick) in September 1989 by statute. In September 2016, DCU completed the process of incorporating three other Dublin-based educational institutions: the Church of Ireland College of Education, Mater Dei Institute of Education and St Patrick's College. As of 2017, the university has 17,000 students and over 50,000", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2629551", "score": 0.6335779428482056, "text": "Dublin City University Dublin City University (abbreviated as DCU) () is a university based on the Northside of Dublin, Ireland. Created as the \"National Institute for Higher Education, Dublin\" in 1975, it enrolled its first students in 1980, and was elevated to university status (along with the NIHE Limerick, now the University of Limerick) in September 1989 by statute. In September 2016, DCU completed the process of incorporating three other Dublin-based educational institutions: the Church of Ireland College of Education, Mater Dei Institute of Education and St Patrick's College. As of 2017, the university has 17,000 students and over 50,000", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-185", "score": 0.6309518814086914, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-186", "score": 0.6309518814086914, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-187", "score": 0.6309518814086914, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-188", "score": 0.6309518814086914, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-189", "score": 0.6309518814086914, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3777023", "score": 0.6291316151618958, "text": "Notre Dame College, Mymensingh Notre Dame College, Mymensingh is a college in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. It was founded on 1 July 2014, and is named after Mother Mary. The college's motto \"Spread The Light of Wisdom\", or \"Deligite Lumen Sapientiae\". A College was established in Arambagh, Motijheel, Dhaka in November, 1949. It was established by the Roman Catholic Priests from the Congregation of Holy Cross because of the crisis in the education sector of the new born East Pakistan. It was known as the St. Gregory College, an extension of the St. Gregory's School, which was also established by the mission.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.6288143992424011, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.6288143992424011, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-168", "score": 0.71263188123703, "text": "The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by president Father Patrick Dillon. Dillon's scientific courses were six years of work, including higher-level mathematics courses. Today the college, housed in the newly built Jordan Hall of Science, includes over 1,200 undergraduates in six departments of study – biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, pre-professional studies, and applied and computational mathematics and statistics (ACMS) – each awarding Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degrees. According to university statistics, its science pre-professional program has one of the highest acceptance rates to medical school of any university in the United States." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1424545", "score": 0.6399354934692383, "text": "gig during Rag Week in 1976. Conor McPherson's third film \"Saltwater\" was filmed in Belfield, UCD. In \"Boston Legal\", Season 2, Episode 21 \"Word Salad Day\", there is a reference to a study from UCD that \"found that the effects of divorce on children are far more damaging than the death of a parent\". University College Dublin University College Dublin (commonly referred to as UCD; ) is a research university in Dublin, Ireland. It has over 1,482 faculty and 32,000 students, and it is Ireland's largest university. The university originates in a body founded in 1854 with John Henry Newman", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-4072627", "score": 0.6378015279769897, "text": "Saint Patrick's Seminary and University Saint Patrick's Seminary and University in Menlo Park, California is a Roman Catholic post-graduate seminary whose primary mission is the formation of clergy for Western and Pacific Rim dioceses. It is located on a historic, beautifully landscaped 40 acre campus in Menlo Park, California, 35 miles south of San Francisco, in the heart of Silicon Valley. Since its founding, on September 20, 1898, by San Francisco Archbishop Patrick William Riordan, with a faculty from the Sulpician order and thirty-four young men, the seminary and university has grown considerably. In over 100-years, it has formed more", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-581809", "score": 0.6322610378265381, "text": "higher education institutions. There are 20 third-level institutes in the city and in surrounding towns and suburbs. Dublin was European Capital of Science in 2012. The University of Dublin is the oldest university in Ireland, dating from the 16th century, and is located in the city centre. Its sole constituent college, Trinity College (TCD), was established by Royal Charter in 1592 under Elizabeth I. It was closed to Roman Catholics until Catholic Emancipation, and the Catholic hierarchy then banned Roman Catholics from attending until 1970. It is situated in the city centre, on College Green, and has 15,000 students. The", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1513602", "score": 0.6276874542236328, "text": "National University of Ireland (NUI) has its seat in Dublin, which is also the location of the associated \"constituent university\" of University College Dublin (UCD), which has over 30,000 students. Founded in 1854, it is now the largest university in Ireland. UCD's main campus is at Belfield, about from the city centre, in the southeastern suburbs. With a continuous history dating back to 1887, Dublin's principal, and Ireland's largest, institution for technological education and research, Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) has over 23,000 students. DIT specialises in engineering, architecture, sciences, health, journalism, digital media, hospitality and business but also offers", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1930246", "score": 0.6276874542236328, "text": "National University of Ireland (NUI) has its seat in Dublin, which is also the location of the associated \"constituent university\" of University College Dublin (UCD), which has over 30,000 students. Founded in 1854, it is now the largest university in Ireland. UCD's main campus is at Belfield, about from the city centre, in the southeastern suburbs. With a continuous history dating back to 1887, Dublin's principal, and Ireland's largest, institution for technological education and research, Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) has over 23,000 students. DIT specialises in engineering, architecture, sciences, health, journalism, digital media, hospitality and business but also offers", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6258017420768738, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2838706", "score": 0.6252188086509705, "text": "championship and had to withdraw from the tournament. Famous alumni from the college include; St Patrick's College, Dublin \"St Patrick's College\" () was founded in Drumcondra, in north Dublin, Ireland, in 1875, with a Roman Catholic ethos. It was the largest primary teacher training college in Ireland, with up to 2,000 students at one stage. It offered a number of undergraduate courses, primarily in primary education and arts, and in time postgraduate courses too, mostly in education and languages. As of 30 September 2016, the college is known as DCU Drumcondra. On that day it was formally incorporated into Dublin", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-3587792", "score": 0.6238511800765991, "text": "University of Notre Dame ever made to an American Catholic university. He also established a system of advisory councils at the university, which continue today. The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of what Andrew Greeley calls a \"dramatic transformation.\" In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a factor of 20 from $735,000 to $15 million. Enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,600, faculty more than doubled 389 to 950,", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1897048", "score": 0.6215980052947998, "text": "is transient – students at Maynooth University (above 12,000) or St. Patrick's College, or temporary employees at the nearby Intel and Hewlett Packard facilities (both located in Leixlip). There are two third-level educational institutions – St Patrick's College, founded under King George III in 1795 to train Ireland's Roman Catholic clergy, and Maynooth University, separated from St. Patrick's College in 1997 – located in the town. They share campus space and many facilities. Maynooth University is the only university in the Republic of Ireland not situated in a city. There are two secondary schools (Maynooth Post Primary & Maynooth Community", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2208482", "score": 0.6215980052947998, "text": "is transient – students at Maynooth University (above 12,000) or St. Patrick's College, or temporary employees at the nearby Intel and Hewlett Packard facilities (both located in Leixlip). There are two third-level educational institutions – St Patrick's College, founded under King George III in 1795 to train Ireland's Roman Catholic clergy, and Maynooth University, separated from St. Patrick's College in 1997 – located in the town. They share campus space and many facilities. Maynooth University is the only university in the Republic of Ireland not situated in a city. There are two secondary schools (Maynooth Post Primary & Maynooth Community", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.6149683594703674, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.6149683594703674, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.6149683594703674, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.6149683594703674, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.6149683594703674, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1247235", "score": 0.6122203469276428, "text": "of research, innovation and teaching possibly dating back in the Middle Ages from the famed founded in 848 and suppressed by the French Revolution in 1891, which was a major intellectual center in Medieval Europe (technology of materials, enamel,manuscripts, scholarship, liturgy, theater, etc.). The modern School of Medicine and Pharmacy was created in 1626 (the present day's university council meets in the \"Salle Saint-Alexis\", the 17th century former chapel of the old Hôtel-Dieu University Hospital). The university offers bachelor, master and doctorate degrees in line with the Bologna Process. There are five main departments: University of Limoges The University of", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1069692", "score": 0.6119918823242188, "text": "& reconciliation. Irish School of Ecumenics The Irish School of Ecumenics (ISE) is an institute of Trinity College Dublin, dedicated to the study and promotion of peace and reconciliation in Ireland and throughout the world. The school is located in Dublin and Belfast, and consists of eight permanent full-time academic staff, visiting academic staff, postdoctoral fellows, and administrative staff. ISE has 82 M.Phil students and 39 Ph.D. and M.Litt research students. The Irish School of Ecumenics was co-founded in 1970 by Father Michael Hurley, S.J., a Jesuit priest and strong proponent of ecumenism, who served as the school's director until", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3807929", "score": 0.6119918823242188, "text": "& reconciliation. Irish School of Ecumenics The Irish School of Ecumenics (ISE) is an institute of Trinity College Dublin, dedicated to the study and promotion of peace and reconciliation in Ireland and throughout the world. The school is located in Dublin and Belfast, and consists of eight permanent full-time academic staff, visiting academic staff, postdoctoral fellows, and administrative staff. ISE has 82 M.Phil students and 39 Ph.D. and M.Litt research students. The Irish School of Ecumenics was co-founded in 1970 by Father Michael Hurley, S.J., a Jesuit priest and strong proponent of ecumenism, who served as the school's director until", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1598800", "score": 0.6117892265319824, "text": "of research, innovation and teaching possibly dating back in the Middle Ages from the famed founded in 848 and suppressed by the French Revolution in 1891, which was a major intellectual center in Medieval Europe (technology of materials, enamel,manuscripts, scholarship, liturgy, theater, etc.). The modern School of Medicine and Pharmacy was created in 1626 (the present day's university council meets in the \"Salle Saint-Alexis\", the 17th century former chapel of the old Hôtel-Dieu University Hospital). The university offers bachelor, master and doctorate degrees in line with the Bologna Process. There are five main departments: University of Limoges The University of", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3684915", "score": 0.6117892265319824, "text": "of research, innovation and teaching possibly dating back in the Middle Ages from the famed founded in 848 and suppressed by the French Revolution in 1891, which was a major intellectual center in Medieval Europe (technology of materials, enamel,manuscripts, scholarship, liturgy, theater, etc.). The modern School of Medicine and Pharmacy was created in 1626 (the present day's university council meets in the \"Salle Saint-Alexis\", the 17th century former chapel of the old Hôtel-Dieu University Hospital). The university offers bachelor, master and doctorate degrees in line with the Bologna Process. There are five main departments: University of Limoges The University of", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-169", "score": 0.6718680262565613, "text": "The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by president Father Patrick Dillon. Dillon's scientific courses were six years of work, including higher-level mathematics courses. Today the college, housed in the newly built Jordan Hall of Science, includes over 1,200 undergraduates in six departments of study – biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, pre-professional studies, and applied and computational mathematics and statistics (ACMS) – each awarding Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degrees. According to university statistics, its science pre-professional program has one of the highest acceptance rates to medical school of any university in the United States." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-143", "score": 0.6337571144104004, "text": "A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-144", "score": 0.6337571144104004, "text": "A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-145", "score": 0.6337571144104004, "text": "A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-146", "score": 0.6337571144104004, "text": "A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-147", "score": 0.6337571144104004, "text": "A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-3332586", "score": 0.6327790021896362, "text": "Washington Hall (University of Notre Dame) Washington Hall at the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana is the seventh oldest university owned building on the historic campus. It is part of the University of Notre Dame: Main and North Quadrangles historic district, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and was the original home of the university's music and performing arts programs. The theater is located just east of the University's Golden Dome, the University's main administrative building, on the main quad on campus, also known as God Quad. Ever since the university's earliest years, the site", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3941137", "score": 0.6327790021896362, "text": "Washington Hall (University of Notre Dame) Washington Hall at the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana is the seventh oldest university owned building on the historic campus. It is part of the University of Notre Dame: Main and North Quadrangles historic district, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and was the original home of the university's music and performing arts programs. The theater is located just east of the University's Golden Dome, the University's main administrative building, on the main quad on campus, also known as God Quad. Ever since the university's earliest years, the site", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-896583", "score": 0.6315406560897827, "text": "Since the college became coeducational it has seen enrollment double from nearly 1,000 in 2001 to over 2,000 in 2010. In 2008, NDC began construction on two additional residence halls, North and South halls. The structures opened in 2009 at a cost of $15 million. Notre Dame College offers associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees and is divided into five Academic Divisions: The college also has three special programs and two interdisciplinary programs. NDC currently offers 30 majors in its bachelor's degree programs. It also offers an Associate in Arts degree in Pastoral Ministry. and a master's degree in", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2210837", "score": 0.6314101815223694, "text": "Notre Dame College of Science Neoprene, the first synthetic rubber. Because of his contribution, in 1952 DuPont paid in part the construction of Nieuwland Science Hall, that to this day hosts research in physics and chemistry.The Laboratories of Bacteriology at the University of Notre Dame (LOBUND) is established in 1935 after the germ-free research of Prof. James Reyniers. The LOBUND attracts top scientists and became the world’s leader institution in germ-free research. The first whole-ecosystem experiment is performed in 1951 on about 7,500 acres on the Wisconsin-Michigan border at the University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center (UNDERC), land owned by the University comprising several", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2497240", "score": 0.6298843622207642, "text": "Notre Dame College Notre Dame College, also known as Notre Dame College of Ohio or simply NDC, is a Catholic liberal arts college in South Euclid, Ohio, United States. Established in 1922 as a women's college, it has been coeducational since January 2001. Notre Dame College offers 30 majors and individually designed majors and confers undergraduate and graduate degrees through five academic divisions. The college had a total enrollment of 2,100 students in fall 2016. The main academic and residential campus is located east of Cleveland in South Euclid. Fielding athletic teams known as the Notre Dame Falcons, the college", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3120186", "score": 0.6298843622207642, "text": "Notre Dame College Notre Dame College, also known as Notre Dame College of Ohio or simply NDC, is a Catholic liberal arts college in South Euclid, Ohio, United States. Established in 1922 as a women's college, it has been coeducational since January 2001. Notre Dame College offers 30 majors and individually designed majors and confers undergraduate and graduate degrees through five academic divisions. The college had a total enrollment of 2,100 students in fall 2016. The main academic and residential campus is located east of Cleveland in South Euclid. Fielding athletic teams known as the Notre Dame Falcons, the college", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2427662", "score": 0.6285218000411987, "text": "Sorin Hall (University of Notre Dame) Sorin Hall, also known as Sorin College, is the oldest of the 30 Residence Halls on the campus of the University of Notre Dame and one of the 16 male dorms. Sorin is located directly north of Walsh Hall and is directly south of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Sorin houses 143 undergraduate students. Its distinctive turret rooms on the four corners as well as its pure nobility distinguish it from all other campus buildings. Sorin Hall is, along with other building on the Main Quad of Notre Dame, on the National Register", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3094341", "score": 0.6268988847732544, "text": "Notre Dame High School (New Jersey) Hawaiian / Pacific Islander and 1.9% two or more races. Built in 1957, Notre Dame High School is located in Lawrenceville, near Princeton University, Rider University, The College of New Jersey, The Lawrenceville School, and Hun School of Princeton. The Catholic Diocese of Trenton also neighbors the school. The main building itself is square in shape, housing classrooms on two floors. Its mascot is the \"Irish\", usually displayed on athletic wear as a shamrock affixed to \"ND\". The current president is Mary Liz Ivins, accompanied by principal Joanna Barlow, senior vice president Maggie Kelly, vice president Donna Grabowski, assistant principals", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-3435760", "score": 0.6268988847732544, "text": "Notre Dame High School (New Jersey) Hawaiian / Pacific Islander and 1.9% two or more races. Built in 1957, Notre Dame High School is located in Lawrenceville, near Princeton University, Rider University, The College of New Jersey, The Lawrenceville School, and Hun School of Princeton. The Catholic Diocese of Trenton also neighbors the school. The main building itself is square in shape, housing classrooms on two floors. Its mascot is the \"Irish\", usually displayed on athletic wear as a shamrock affixed to \"ND\". The current president is Mary Liz Ivins, accompanied by principal Joanna Barlow, senior vice president Maggie Kelly, vice president Donna Grabowski, assistant principals", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3745322", "score": 0.6251708269119263, "text": "Main Building (University of Notre Dame) University of Notre Dame's Main Administration Building (known as the Main Building or the \"Golden Dome\") houses various administrative offices, including the Office of the President. Atop of the building stands the Golden Dome, the most recognizable landmark of the University. Three buildings were built at the site; the first was built in 1843 and replaced with a larger one in 1865, which burned down in 1879, after which the third and current building was erected. The building hosts the administrative offices of the University, as well as classrooms, art collections, and exhibition spaces.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1989518", "score": 0.6248303055763245, "text": "Main Building (University of Notre Dame) University of Notre Dame's Main Administration Building (known as the Main Building or the \"Golden Dome\") houses various administrative offices, including the Office of the President. Atop of the building stands the Golden Dome, the most recognizable landmark of the University. Three buildings were built at the site; the first was built in 1843 and replaced with a larger one in 1865, which burned down in 1879, after which the third and current building was erected. The building hosts the administrative offices of the University, as well as classrooms, art collections, and exhibition spaces.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-681009", "score": 0.623755156993866, "text": "Campus of the University of Notre Dame The Campus of the University of Notre Dame is located in Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, spans 1,250 acres, and comprises around 170 buildings. Notre Dame's campus is consistently ranked among the most beautiful campuses in the country. The center of campus is Main Quad, often called God Quad, which hosts the Main Building and the Basilica, and other important buildings and residence halls. The North-West area of campus is mainly dedicated to residential buildings, the Central-East portion of campus is dedicated to academic spaces, while the South-East is dedicated to athletics. A part", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-581809", "score": 0.6231262683868408, "text": "higher education institutions. There are 20 third-level institutes in the city and in surrounding towns and suburbs. Dublin was European Capital of Science in 2012. The University of Dublin is the oldest university in Ireland, dating from the 16th century, and is located in the city centre. Its sole constituent college, Trinity College (TCD), was established by Royal Charter in 1592 under Elizabeth I. It was closed to Roman Catholics until Catholic Emancipation, and the Catholic hierarchy then banned Roman Catholics from attending until 1970. It is situated in the city centre, on College Green, and has 15,000 students. The", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-264", "score": 0.6230515837669373, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-265", "score": 0.6230515837669373, "text": "Notre Dame alumni work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include state governors, members of the United States Congress, and former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. A notable alumnus of the College of Science is Medicine Nobel Prize winner Eric F. Wieschaus. A number of university heads are alumni, including Notre Dame's current president, the Rev. John Jenkins. Additionally, many alumni are in the media, including talk show hosts Regis Philbin and Phil Donahue, and television and radio personalities such as Mike Golic and Hannah Storm. With the university having high profile sports teams itself, a number of alumni went on to become involved in athletics outside the university, including professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey players, such as Joe Theismann, Joe Montana, Tim Brown, Ross Browner, Rocket Ismail, Ruth Riley, Jeff Samardzija, Jerome Bettis, Brett Lebda, Olympic gold medalist Mariel Zagunis, professional boxer Mike Lee, former football coaches such as Charlie Weis, Frank Leahy and Knute Rockne, and Basketball Hall of Famers Austin Carr and Adrian Dantley. Other notable alumni include prominent businessman Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. and astronaut Jim Wetherbee.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-170", "score": 0.6760760545730591, "text": "The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by president Father Patrick Dillon. Dillon's scientific courses were six years of work, including higher-level mathematics courses. Today the college, housed in the newly built Jordan Hall of Science, includes over 1,200 undergraduates in six departments of study – biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, pre-professional studies, and applied and computational mathematics and statistics (ACMS) – each awarding Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degrees. According to university statistics, its science pre-professional program has one of the highest acceptance rates to medical school of any university in the United States." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3449983", "score": 0.6415920257568359, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2373303", "score": 0.64139324426651, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3363303", "score": 0.64139324426651, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2212675", "score": 0.638684868812561, "text": "9,879 doctorate degree holders. As of October 2015, 11,354 students were enrolled in KAIST with 4,469 bachelor’s, 3,091 master’s, and 3,794 doctoral students. More than 70 percent of KAIST undergraduates come from specialized science high schools. On average, about 600 international students from more than 70 different countries come to study at KAIST, making KAIST one of the most ethnically diverse universities in the country. KAIST is organized into 6 colleges, 2 schools and 33 departments/divisions. KAIST also has three affiliated institutes including the Korea Institute of Advanced Study (KIAS), National NanoFab Center (NNFC), and Korea Science Academy (KSA). KAIST", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2805502", "score": 0.6380583643913269, "text": "Trinity College of Arts and Sciences Trinity College of Arts and Sciences is the undergraduate liberal arts college at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. The college is currently one of two undergraduate divisions at Duke, the other being the Edmund T. Pratt School of Engineering. Arts & Sciences and Trinity College is the collective name of all educational and research programs in the humanities, social sciences, and the natural sciences at Duke, inclusive of undergraduate programs and many degree programs in Duke's Graduate School. Arts and Sciences consists of approximately 580 faculty members in 44 academic departments, as well", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-651655", "score": 0.637926459312439, "text": "Trinity College of Arts and Sciences Trinity College of Arts and Sciences is the undergraduate liberal arts college at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. The college is currently one of two undergraduate divisions at Duke, the other being the Edmund T. Pratt School of Engineering. Arts & Sciences and Trinity College is the collective name of all educational and research programs in the humanities, social sciences, and the natural sciences at Duke, inclusive of undergraduate programs and many degree programs in Duke's Graduate School. Arts and Sciences consists of approximately 580 faculty members in 44 academic departments, as well", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1025763", "score": 0.6368826627731323, "text": "30,068 undergraduate students, 7,835 graduate students and 2,475 continuing education students enrolled at Concordia University. Concordia University's Faculty of Arts and Science contains 21 departments and seven colleges, schools and institutes in the humanities, sciences and social sciences at the undergraduate and graduate levels. There are over 293 programs, offering more than 2,400 courses. There are 500 full-time and 400 part-time faculty members. During the 2010–2011 academic year, there were 15,767 undergraduate and 2,103 graduate students enrolled in the faculty. In addition to regular academic programs, the Faculty of Arts and Science also includes three colleges, two schools and two", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1137712", "score": 0.6368826627731323, "text": "30,068 undergraduate students, 7,835 graduate students and 2,475 continuing education students enrolled at Concordia University. Concordia University's Faculty of Arts and Science contains 21 departments and seven colleges, schools and institutes in the humanities, sciences and social sciences at the undergraduate and graduate levels. There are over 293 programs, offering more than 2,400 courses. There are 500 full-time and 400 part-time faculty members. During the 2010–2011 academic year, there were 15,767 undergraduate and 2,103 graduate students enrolled in the faculty. In addition to regular academic programs, the Faculty of Arts and Science also includes three colleges, two schools and two", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-353148", "score": 0.6359658241271973, "text": "University of Notre Dame the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1460; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent (2014) capital campaign raised $2.014 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education and was the largest of any University", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2433887", "score": 0.6352360844612122, "text": "2016, University College Cork (UCC) had 21,000 students. These included 15,000 in undergraduate programmes, 4,400 in postgraduate study and research, and 2,800 in adult continuing education across undergraduate, postgraduate and short courses. The student base is supported by 2,800 academic, research and administrative staff. As of 2017, UCC reportedly had 150,000 alumni worldwide. Student numbers, at over 21,000 in 2016, increased from the late 1980s, precipitating the expansion of the campus by the acquisition of adjacent buildings and lands. This expansion continued with the opening of the Alfred O'Rahilly building in the late 1990s, the Cavanagh Pharmacy building, the Brookfield", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1513602", "score": 0.6347439289093018, "text": "National University of Ireland (NUI) has its seat in Dublin, which is also the location of the associated \"constituent university\" of University College Dublin (UCD), which has over 30,000 students. Founded in 1854, it is now the largest university in Ireland. UCD's main campus is at Belfield, about from the city centre, in the southeastern suburbs. With a continuous history dating back to 1887, Dublin's principal, and Ireland's largest, institution for technological education and research, Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) has over 23,000 students. DIT specialises in engineering, architecture, sciences, health, journalism, digital media, hospitality and business but also offers", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1930246", "score": 0.6347439289093018, "text": "National University of Ireland (NUI) has its seat in Dublin, which is also the location of the associated \"constituent university\" of University College Dublin (UCD), which has over 30,000 students. Founded in 1854, it is now the largest university in Ireland. UCD's main campus is at Belfield, about from the city centre, in the southeastern suburbs. With a continuous history dating back to 1887, Dublin's principal, and Ireland's largest, institution for technological education and research, Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) has over 23,000 students. DIT specialises in engineering, architecture, sciences, health, journalism, digital media, hospitality and business but also offers", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1017391", "score": 0.6344456076622009, "text": "Notre Dame College (Staten Island) Notre Dame College was a small Catholic women's college located in the Grymes Hill area of Staten Island, New York. It opened in 1933 as an affiliate of Fordham University and merged with St. John's University in 1971. Notre Dame was located on the former estate of Herbert Gans. It opened with 13 students and graduated its first class in 1935. The alumnae association now has about 1,600 active members. The college's campus is now the Staten Island campus of St. John's. The Gans Family Estate The site of the College, now St. John's Staten", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-592916", "score": 0.6340391039848328, "text": "is Miami's student-run fashion magazine that publishes an issue each semester and also maintains a blog. As of 2017, Miami University has a total enrollment of 24,424 admitted students. The Oxford campus encompasses 19,452 students, of which 17,147 are at the undergraduate and 2,305 at the graduates and professional. Although 40.5% of students come from Ohio, offers of first-year admission for Fall 2017 included students from all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and abroad. Miami University encompasses 3,056 international students from 85 countries. Of the regularly enrolled international students, the most represented countries/regions are China, India, Vietnam and", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1653405", "score": 0.6339381337165833, "text": "is Miami's student-run fashion magazine that publishes an issue each semester and also maintains a blog. As of 2017, Miami University has a total enrollment of 24,424 admitted students. The Oxford campus encompasses 19,452 students, of which 17,147 are at the undergraduate and 2,305 at the graduates and professional. Although 40.5% of students come from Ohio, offers of first-year admission for Fall 2017 included students from all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and abroad. Miami University encompasses 3,056 international students from 85 countries. Of the regularly enrolled international students, the most represented countries/regions are China, India, Vietnam and", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-337627", "score": 0.6334682106971741, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-910860", "score": 0.6334682106971741, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1560191", "score": 0.6334682106971741, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3631436", "score": 0.6334682106971741, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-128", "score": 0.6331397294998169, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-171", "score": 0.6129004955291748, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2897718", "score": 0.5820483565330505, "text": "the Methodists to found the college in Greencastle, which was little more than a village at the time. It was originally established as an all men's school, but began admitting women in 1867. In 1884 Indiana Asbury University changed its name to DePauw University in honor of Washington C. DePauw, who made a sequence of substantial donations throughout the 1870s, which culminated in his largest single donation that established the School of Music during 1884. Before his death in 1887, DePauw donated over $600,000 to Indiana Asbury, equal to around $13 million in 2007. In 2002, the school received the", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-39", "score": 0.5818639397621155, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-40", "score": 0.5818639397621155, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-41", "score": 0.5818639397621155, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-42", "score": 0.5818639397621155, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-43", "score": 0.5818639397621155, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-379976", "score": 0.5818452835083008, "text": "2006, posting winning records each season, and being selected to the NCAA Tournament 6 out of 7 years. The following residence halls serve the university: St. Edward's University St. Edward's University is a private, Roman Catholic university in the Holy Cross tradition with approximately 5,000 students. Located in Austin, Texas, with a network of partner universities around the world, St. Edward's offers undergraduate and graduate programs. St. Edward's University was founded by the Reverend Edward Sorin, CSC, Superior General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who also founded the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Father Sorin established", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1665044", "score": 0.5818452835083008, "text": "2006, posting winning records each season, and being selected to the NCAA Tournament 6 out of 7 years. The following residence halls serve the university: St. Edward's University St. Edward's University is a private, Roman Catholic university in the Holy Cross tradition with approximately 5,000 students. Located in Austin, Texas, with a network of partner universities around the world, St. Edward's offers undergraduate and graduate programs. St. Edward's University was founded by the Reverend Edward Sorin, CSC, Superior General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who also founded the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Father Sorin established", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-889808", "score": 0.5817415714263916, "text": "piano, violin, trumpet, clarinet, flute, as well as singing. Students currently come all over the country Dublin, Kildare, Laois, Longford, Sligo, Meath and Roscommon as part of the Schola Cantorum. St. Finian's College was founded in Navan, County Meath as the Meath Diocesan College, by the Bishop of Meath, Patrick Plunkett, and opened on May 2, 1802. Fr. Eugene O’Reilly as its first president, serving until 1827. The college moved to Mullingar, County Westmeath, at the beginning of the twentieth century. The present college building built by J.J. O'Callaghan was opened in February 1905. In 1970, St. Finian's was selected", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-776541", "score": 0.5815039873123169, "text": "2006, posting winning records each season, and being selected to the NCAA Tournament 6 out of 7 years. The following residence halls serve the university: St. Edward's University St. Edward's University is a private, Roman Catholic university in the Holy Cross tradition with approximately 5,000 students. Located in Austin, Texas, with a network of partner universities around the world, St. Edward's offers undergraduate and graduate programs. St. Edward's University was founded by the Reverend Edward Sorin, CSC, Superior General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who also founded the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Father Sorin established", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-5", "score": 0.5814662575721741, "text": "As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-6", "score": 0.5814662575721741, "text": "As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-7", "score": 0.5814662575721741, "text": "As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-8", "score": 0.5814662575721741, "text": "As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-9", "score": 0.5814662575721741, "text": "As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and claims to be the oldest continuous collegiate publication in the United States. The other magazine, The Juggler, is released twice a year and focuses on student literature and artwork. The Dome yearbook is published annually. The newspapers have varying publication interests, with The Observer published daily and mainly reporting university and other news, and staffed by students from both Notre Dame and Saint Mary's College. Unlike Scholastic and The Dome, The Observer is an independent publication and does not have a faculty advisor or any editorial oversight from the University. In 1987, when some students believed that The Observer began to show a conservative bias, a liberal newspaper, Common Sense was published. Likewise, in 2003, when other students believed that the paper showed a liberal bias, the conservative paper Irish Rover went into production. Neither paper is published as often as The Observer; however, all three are distributed to all students. Finally, in Spring 2008 an undergraduate journal for political science research, Beyond Politics, made its debut.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3349296", "score": 0.5814481377601624, "text": "George Cartier George Robinson Cartier (May 26, 1869 in Ludington, Michigan – October 21, 1944 in Tacoma, Washington) was an American football player and lumber baron in the Pacific northwest. Cartier was the quarterback for the very first game in the history of the Notre Dame football program — a 0-8 loss to Michigan on November 23, 1887. George was the younger brother of philanthropist Warren A. Cartier, for whom the university's Cartier Field was named. After graduating from Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana, Cartier relocated to South Bend, Washington, where he became co-founder and manager of the South", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-584511", "score": 0.5809895396232605, "text": "men's and women's track and field teams beginning spring 2018. Carlow University is organized into three colleges: Carlow University consists of three campuses, Oakland, Cranberry, and Greensburg. The main campus, the Oakland campus, is a 13-acre lot and consists of 14 buildings. Frances Warde Hall Carlow's first \"dorm\", replacing five large, old houses used for residences for boarders. Frances Warde was one of the original Sisters of Mercy. In 1837, she founded the convent and school in Carlow, Ireland. This \"hub\" of the University is home to student residence halls, in addition to the Campus Information Center, Student Assembly Room,", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3532714", "score": 0.5808132290840149, "text": "Saint Leo University area. In 1888, Saint Vincent Archabbey transferred control of the colony to Mary Help of Christians Abbey (commonly called Maryhelp) in Belmont, North Carolina. In February 1889, Abbot Leo Haid, OSB, of Maryhelp Abbey accepted a gift from Edmund Dunne of 36 acres on Lake Jovita for the founding of a Benedictine College. That same month, Benedictine nuns arrived from Allegheny, Pennsylvania. On March 11, 1889, they founded Holy Name Monastery. Saint Leo College and Saint Leo Abbey were founded on June 4, 1889. St. Leo’s College, the original name of the institution, opened its doors on September 14, 1890.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2160194", "score": 0.5807721614837646, "text": "New York University New York University (NYU) is a private research university. Founded in 1831, NYU's primary campus is in Greenwich Village with other campuses throughout New York City. NYU is also a global university where students can study at its degree-granting campuses in NYU Abu Dhabi and NYU Shanghai, as well as its 12 academic centers in Accra, Berlin, Buenos Aires, Florence, London, Madrid, Paris, Prague, Sydney, Tel Aviv, Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. In 2018, NYU was ranked amongst the top 30 universities internationally by the \"Academic Ranking of World Universities\", \"Times Higher Education World University Rankings\", and", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2202096", "score": 0.5807721614837646, "text": "New York University New York University (NYU) is a private research university. Founded in 1831, NYU's primary campus is in Greenwich Village with other campuses throughout New York City. NYU is also a global university where students can study at its degree-granting campuses in NYU Abu Dhabi and NYU Shanghai, as well as its 12 academic centers in Accra, Berlin, Buenos Aires, Florence, London, Madrid, Paris, Prague, Sydney, Tel Aviv, Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. In 2018, NYU was ranked amongst the top 30 universities internationally by the \"Academic Ranking of World Universities\", \"Times Higher Education World University Rankings\", and", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-172", "score": 0.7544835209846497, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.7053940892219543, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.7018346190452576, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.7018346190452576, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.7018346190452576, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.7018346190452576, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.7018346190452576, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3745322", "score": 0.6703095436096191, "text": "Main Building (University of Notre Dame) University of Notre Dame's Main Administration Building (known as the Main Building or the \"Golden Dome\") houses various administrative offices, including the Office of the President. Atop of the building stands the Golden Dome, the most recognizable landmark of the University. Three buildings were built at the site; the first was built in 1843 and replaced with a larger one in 1865, which burned down in 1879, after which the third and current building was erected. The building hosts the administrative offices of the University, as well as classrooms, art collections, and exhibition spaces.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1989518", "score": 0.6699905395507812, "text": "Main Building (University of Notre Dame) University of Notre Dame's Main Administration Building (known as the Main Building or the \"Golden Dome\") houses various administrative offices, including the Office of the President. Atop of the building stands the Golden Dome, the most recognizable landmark of the University. Three buildings were built at the site; the first was built in 1843 and replaced with a larger one in 1865, which burned down in 1879, after which the third and current building was erected. The building hosts the administrative offices of the University, as well as classrooms, art collections, and exhibition spaces.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3357702", "score": 0.6670709252357483, "text": "Sorbonne The Sorbonne () is an edifice of the Latin Quarter, in Paris, France, which was the historical house of the former University of Paris. Today, it houses part or all of several higher education and research institutions such as Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Sorbonne Nouvelle University, Paris Descartes University, École pratique des hautes études, and Sorbonne University. The name is derived from the Collège de Sorbonne, founded in 1257 by the eponymous Robert de Sorbon as one of the first significant colleges of the medieval University of Paris. The library was among the first to arrange items alphabetically according to title.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1508074", "score": 0.6546386480331421, "text": "Fenwick High School (Oak Park, Illinois) over the standards of the new school. Instead, Fenwick has commenced several expansion campaigns at their present location in Oak Park based around their original Neo-gothic designed school created by the New York architect Wilfred E. Anthony, who also redesigned the Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Indiana for the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. The latest expansions include: a new field house with a 1,100-seat gymnasium and a 450-seat natatorium; several new classrooms and updated athletic lockers; a new school entrance and gateway inspired from the \"Arch\" of Northwestern University; and additional science laboratories and art studios,", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-681009", "score": 0.6518542170524597, "text": "Campus of the University of Notre Dame The Campus of the University of Notre Dame is located in Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, spans 1,250 acres, and comprises around 170 buildings. Notre Dame's campus is consistently ranked among the most beautiful campuses in the country. The center of campus is Main Quad, often called God Quad, which hosts the Main Building and the Basilica, and other important buildings and residence halls. The North-West area of campus is mainly dedicated to residential buildings, the Central-East portion of campus is dedicated to academic spaces, while the South-East is dedicated to athletics. A part", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1611727", "score": 0.6500788927078247, "text": "Notre Dame High School (San Jose, California) has a traditional Spanish architecture and central courtyard designed by architect Warren Gilbert. Today it is used as an art studio and for religious prayer. On September 9, 2002 Manley Hall, a three-story building designed by Anderson-Brulé Architects replaced the O'Connor Mansion. The building, though modern in design and use, still conveys an air of age and history, as was the intent of the architects. To add to this feeling was the inclusion of the fireplaces and artifacts saved from the O'Connor Mansion, the more noticeable being the fireplace located in the library and the glass doors (though one is", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3118327", "score": 0.6500788927078247, "text": "Notre Dame High School (San Jose, California) has a traditional Spanish architecture and central courtyard designed by architect Warren Gilbert. Today it is used as an art studio and for religious prayer. On September 9, 2002 Manley Hall, a three-story building designed by Anderson-Brulé Architects replaced the O'Connor Mansion. The building, though modern in design and use, still conveys an air of age and history, as was the intent of the architects. To add to this feeling was the inclusion of the fireplaces and artifacts saved from the O'Connor Mansion, the more noticeable being the fireplace located in the library and the glass doors (though one is", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-213465", "score": 0.6451035141944885, "text": "of the Ancient World, a discrete entity within NYU, independent of any other school or department of the university, is located on East 84th Street, while the New York University Institute of Fine Arts, a graduate school of art history and fine arts, is located at the James B. Duke Building at 1 East 78th Street. NYU has international houses on its Manhattan campus, including the Deutsches Haus, La Maison Française, Casa Italiana Zerilli Marimò, the Glucksman Ireland House, the King Juan Carlos I of Spain Center, the Hagop Kevorkian Center, an Africa House and a China House. Tisch School", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2268983", "score": 0.6393589377403259, "text": "large with over 550 students. Within the Brooklyn campus, the school of architecture is located a block from the main campus in Higgins Hall (designed by Steven Holl). The school offers the following degrees and minors: Undergraduate Undergraduate Minors: Graduate Pratt Institute School of Architecture The Pratt Institute School of Architecture is located in New York City with courses being taught at Brooklyn and Manhattan campuses. In 2012 the journal 'DesignIntelligence' ranked it in the ten best architecture schools in the United States. Alumni include William Van Alen, Ralph Appelbaum Associates, Annabelle Selldorf, Richard Foster, George Ranalli, Carlos Zapata, and", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-148", "score": 0.6358048915863037, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-149", "score": 0.6358048915863037, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-150", "score": 0.6358048915863037, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-151", "score": 0.6358048915863037, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-152", "score": 0.6358048915863037, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-173", "score": 0.7507308721542358, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.7088043689727783, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.7088043689727783, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.7088043689727783, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.7088043689727783, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.7088043689727783, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-896583", "score": 0.7077659368515015, "text": "Since the college became coeducational it has seen enrollment double from nearly 1,000 in 2001 to over 2,000 in 2010. In 2008, NDC began construction on two additional residence halls, North and South halls. The structures opened in 2009 at a cost of $15 million. Notre Dame College offers associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees and is divided into five Academic Divisions: The college also has three special programs and two interdisciplinary programs. NDC currently offers 30 majors in its bachelor's degree programs. It also offers an Associate in Arts degree in Pastoral Ministry. and a master's degree in", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2101349", "score": 0.6737654805183411, "text": "Master of Architecture not accredited in any way. Many schools offer several possible tracks of architectural education. Including study at the bachelor's and master's level, these tracks range up to 7.5 years in duration. It is worth noting that there is another route to becoming an architect: the continuous 5-year professional degree program. In such a program, after five years of study, students are awarded with a professional degree in architecture. Depending on the school and course of study, this could be either a Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.) or an M.Arch. In the U.S., it is typically a 5-year B.Arch. Either degree qualifies", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-420071", "score": 0.6642113924026489, "text": "and other benefits, such as the possibility of RIBA membership. The Bachelor of Architecture is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) as a professional degree, allowing the recipient to qualify for the Architect Registration Examination (ARE). NAAB-accredited B.Arch. programs must include at least 150 semester credit hours, or the quarter-hour equivalent, of which at least 45 semester hours, or the quarter-hour equivalent are in general studies. There are also universities that offer a four-year degree such as a Bachelor of Science in Architectural Studies or a Bachelor of Science in Architecture (B.S.Arch) or a Bachelor of Arts in", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-695502", "score": 0.6642113924026489, "text": "and other benefits, such as the possibility of RIBA membership. The Bachelor of Architecture is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) as a professional degree, allowing the recipient to qualify for the Architect Registration Examination (ARE). NAAB-accredited B.Arch. programs must include at least 150 semester credit hours, or the quarter-hour equivalent, of which at least 45 semester hours, or the quarter-hour equivalent are in general studies. There are also universities that offer a four-year degree such as a Bachelor of Science in Architectural Studies or a Bachelor of Science in Architecture (B.S.Arch) or a Bachelor of Arts in", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-39", "score": 0.6621515154838562, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-40", "score": 0.6621515154838562, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-41", "score": 0.6621515154838562, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-42", "score": 0.6621515154838562, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-43", "score": 0.6621515154838562, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3419106", "score": 0.6598252654075623, "text": "Porphyrios, who received honorary degrees from the School of Architecture. The University of Notre Dame School of Architecture is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board. Any undergraduate student admitted as an undergraduate to the University of Notre Dame may declare an architecture major. The Rome Studies Program was founded in 1969 as a required third-year study abroad program by Francesco \"Frank\" Montana, Department Chair from 1950 to 1972. The program consists of four courses per semester including design studio, hand drawing and watercolor, architectural theory, and architectural history. The curriculum focuses on classical architecture and the design of contemporary", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.6546081900596619, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1048884", "score": 0.6490325927734375, "text": "a post-professional Master of Science in Architecture and a Ph.D. in Architecture, tailored to support students with interests in advanced research. Approximately 700 students comprise the core of the school's student body. The School of Architecture and Interior Design traces its origins back to the 1869 foundation of the School of Design within McMicken University. By 1875, architecture offerings expanded to include history, design, and drawing. At the time, it was one of only eleven collegiate-level institutions in the country to offer architecture coursework. The architecture coursework did not survive the transfer of programs to the Cincinnati Art Museum Association", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-17699", "score": 0.6480971574783325, "text": "The RIBA has three parts to the education process: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters. A further year out must be taken before the RIBA Part III professional exams can be taken. Overall it takes a minimum of seven years before an architecture student can seek chartered status.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-17700", "score": 0.6480971574783325, "text": "The RIBA has three parts to the education process: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters. A further year out must be taken before the RIBA Part III professional exams can be taken. Overall it takes a minimum of seven years before an architecture student can seek chartered status.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-17701", "score": 0.6480971574783325, "text": "The RIBA has three parts to the education process: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters. A further year out must be taken before the RIBA Part III professional exams can be taken. Overall it takes a minimum of seven years before an architecture student can seek chartered status.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-174", "score": 0.7198814749717712, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-681009", "score": 0.6673181056976318, "text": "Campus of the University of Notre Dame The Campus of the University of Notre Dame is located in Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, spans 1,250 acres, and comprises around 170 buildings. Notre Dame's campus is consistently ranked among the most beautiful campuses in the country. The center of campus is Main Quad, often called God Quad, which hosts the Main Building and the Basilica, and other important buildings and residence halls. The North-West area of campus is mainly dedicated to residential buildings, the Central-East portion of campus is dedicated to academic spaces, while the South-East is dedicated to athletics. A part", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.6655055284500122, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2359063", "score": 0.663317084312439, "text": "Learning Community, which states, \"We embrace the gift of diversity.\" Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2373303", "score": 0.6582173705101013, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3363303", "score": 0.6582173705101013, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-3449983", "score": 0.6578043103218079, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-185", "score": 0.6507390141487122, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-186", "score": 0.6507390141487122, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-187", "score": 0.6507390141487122, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-188", "score": 0.6507390141487122, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-189", "score": 0.6507390141487122, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3745322", "score": 0.646725058555603, "text": "Main Building (University of Notre Dame) University of Notre Dame's Main Administration Building (known as the Main Building or the \"Golden Dome\") houses various administrative offices, including the Office of the President. Atop of the building stands the Golden Dome, the most recognizable landmark of the University. Three buildings were built at the site; the first was built in 1843 and replaced with a larger one in 1865, which burned down in 1879, after which the third and current building was erected. The building hosts the administrative offices of the University, as well as classrooms, art collections, and exhibition spaces.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1989518", "score": 0.6466600894927979, "text": "Main Building (University of Notre Dame) University of Notre Dame's Main Administration Building (known as the Main Building or the \"Golden Dome\") houses various administrative offices, including the Office of the President. Atop of the building stands the Golden Dome, the most recognizable landmark of the University. Three buildings were built at the site; the first was built in 1843 and replaced with a larger one in 1865, which burned down in 1879, after which the third and current building was erected. The building hosts the administrative offices of the University, as well as classrooms, art collections, and exhibition spaces.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1508074", "score": 0.6454213857650757, "text": "Fenwick High School (Oak Park, Illinois) over the standards of the new school. Instead, Fenwick has commenced several expansion campaigns at their present location in Oak Park based around their original Neo-gothic designed school created by the New York architect Wilfred E. Anthony, who also redesigned the Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Indiana for the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. The latest expansions include: a new field house with a 1,100-seat gymnasium and a 450-seat natatorium; several new classrooms and updated athletic lockers; a new school entrance and gateway inspired from the \"Arch\" of Northwestern University; and additional science laboratories and art studios,", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-10", "score": 0.6419904828071594, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-11", "score": 0.6419904828071594, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-12", "score": 0.6419904828071594, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-13", "score": 0.6419904828071594, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-14", "score": 0.6419904828071594, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2296845", "score": 0.640021562576294, "text": "Tulane School of Architecture The Tulane School of Architecture or (TSA) is the school of architecture at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. The school has a student body of approximately 300 students . Degree paths for students lead to a 5-year professional Master of Architecture, a -year professional Master of Architecture intended for those holding undergraduate degrees outside of architecture, a -year program for pre-professional degree holders in architecture as well as the post-professional Master of Architecture II. Additionally, the school has graduate programs leading to a Master of Preservation Studies (MPS) and a Master of Sustainable Real Estate", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-175", "score": 0.780733585357666, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.7232972979545593, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.7232972979545593, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.7232972979545593, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.7232972979545593, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.7232972979545593, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-4004127", "score": 0.6947858333587646, "text": "Driehaus Architecture Prize The Driehaus Architecture Prize, fully named The Richard H. Driehaus Prize at the University of Notre Dame, is a global award to honor a major contributor in the field of contemporary vernacular and classical architecture, commonly referred to as New Classical architecture. The Driehaus Prize was conceived as an alternative to the predominantly modernist Pritzker Prize. It was initiated by fund manager and philanthropist Richard Driehaus and established in 2003 by the \"Richard H. Driehaus Charitable Lead Trust\". It is presented annually through the classical-teaching School of Architecture at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, United", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1115321", "score": 0.6943188309669495, "text": "New Classical architecture programs. In 2003, Chicago philanthropist Richard H. Driehaus established a prize in architecture to be given to an architect \"whose work embodies the principles of classical and traditional architecture and urbanism in society, and creates a positive, long lasting impact.\" Awarded by the University of Notre Dame School of Architecture, the Driehaus Architecture Prize is seen as the alternative to the modernist Pritzker Prize. The Driehaus Prize is given in conjunction with the Reed Award, for an individual working outside the practice of architecture who has supported the cultivation of the traditional city, its architecture and art through writing, planning", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2299049", "score": 0.6712689995765686, "text": "by laurel. It was custom designed by P.E. Guerin, the oldest decorative hardware firm in the United States, which produces the medal for each year's laureate. Henry Hope Reed Award Initiated in 2005, the global Henry Hope Reed Award or short Reed Award is given in conjunction with the Driehaus Architecture Prize at the University of Notre Dame, to an individual working outside the practice of architecture who has supported the cultivation of the traditional city, its architecture and art through writing, planning or promotion. The 2018 Reed Award is given to the German chair of the Society for Rebuilding", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2721746", "score": 0.6712689995765686, "text": "by laurel. It was custom designed by P.E. Guerin, the oldest decorative hardware firm in the United States, which produces the medal for each year's laureate. Henry Hope Reed Award Initiated in 2005, the global Henry Hope Reed Award or short Reed Award is given in conjunction with the Driehaus Architecture Prize at the University of Notre Dame, to an individual working outside the practice of architecture who has supported the cultivation of the traditional city, its architecture and art through writing, planning or promotion. The 2018 Reed Award is given to the German chair of the Society for Rebuilding", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.6381337642669678, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1066911", "score": 0.6369156837463379, "text": "Europe. The number of awarded projects: The American Architecture Awards™ is a trademark of The Chicago Athenaeum. American Architecture Awards The American Architecture Awards is a national and international awards program for new architecture, landscape architecture, interiors, and urban planning in the United States. The program was launched by the Chicago Athenaeum Museum of Architecture and Design in 1994 to honor and celebrate the most outstanding architecture designed and built or unbuilt throughout the nation or abroad in foreign countries. The Awards Program is open to all American architecture offices and international firms with projects inside the United States from", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1508074", "score": 0.6356772780418396, "text": "Fenwick High School (Oak Park, Illinois) over the standards of the new school. Instead, Fenwick has commenced several expansion campaigns at their present location in Oak Park based around their original Neo-gothic designed school created by the New York architect Wilfred E. Anthony, who also redesigned the Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Indiana for the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. The latest expansions include: a new field house with a 1,100-seat gymnasium and a 450-seat natatorium; several new classrooms and updated athletic lockers; a new school entrance and gateway inspired from the \"Arch\" of Northwestern University; and additional science laboratories and art studios,", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-44", "score": 0.6313269734382629, "text": "In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among \"national universities\" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-45", "score": 0.6313269734382629, "text": "In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among \"national universities\" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-46", "score": 0.6313269734382629, "text": "In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among \"national universities\" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-47", "score": 0.6313269734382629, "text": "In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among \"national universities\" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-48", "score": 0.6313269734382629, "text": "In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among \"national universities\" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-67171", "score": 0.6312481164932251, "text": "As of the first decade of the 21st century, contemporary neoclassical architecture is usually classed under the umbrella term of New Classical Architecture. Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style. For sincere traditional-style architecture that sticks to regional architecture, materials and craftsmanship, the term Traditional Architecture (or vernacular) is mostly used. The Driehaus Architecture Prize is awarded to major contributors in the field of 21st century traditional or classical architecture, and comes with a prize money twice as high as that of the modernist Pritzker Prize.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-67172", "score": 0.6312481164932251, "text": "As of the first decade of the 21st century, contemporary neoclassical architecture is usually classed under the umbrella term of New Classical Architecture. Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style. For sincere traditional-style architecture that sticks to regional architecture, materials and craftsmanship, the term Traditional Architecture (or vernacular) is mostly used. The Driehaus Architecture Prize is awarded to major contributors in the field of 21st century traditional or classical architecture, and comes with a prize money twice as high as that of the modernist Pritzker Prize.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-67173", "score": 0.6312481164932251, "text": "As of the first decade of the 21st century, contemporary neoclassical architecture is usually classed under the umbrella term of New Classical Architecture. Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style. For sincere traditional-style architecture that sticks to regional architecture, materials and craftsmanship, the term Traditional Architecture (or vernacular) is mostly used. The Driehaus Architecture Prize is awarded to major contributors in the field of 21st century traditional or classical architecture, and comes with a prize money twice as high as that of the modernist Pritzker Prize.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-176", "score": 0.6705010533332825, "text": "The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry & Physics, Engineering, Law, and Mathematics as well as information centers in the Mendoza College of Business, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall. A theology library was also opened in fall of 2015. Located on the first floor of Stanford Hall, it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room. The library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3482819", "score": 0.6358388066291809, "text": "University of Notre Dame dean of the law school 1883–1919, and when its new building was opened shortly after his death it was renamed in his honor. The Rev. John Zahm became the Holy Cross Provincial for the United States (1896–1906), with overall supervision of the university. He tried to modernize and expand Notre Dame, erecting buildings and adding to the campus art gallery and library, and amassing what became a famous Dante collection, and pushing Notre Dame towards becoming a research university dedicated to scholarship. His term was not renewed by the Congregation because of fears he had expanded Notre Dame too quickly", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-148", "score": 0.6353020668029785, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-149", "score": 0.6353020668029785, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-150", "score": 0.6353020668029785, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-151", "score": 0.6353020668029785, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-152", "score": 0.6353020668029785, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2144053", "score": 0.6350650191307068, "text": "University College Dublin University of Ireland was opened in 1854 and John Henry Newman was appointed as its first rector. Newman had been an integral figure in the Oxford Movement in the 19th Century. The Catholic University opened its doors on the feast of St Malachy, 3 November 1854. On that day the names of seventeen students were entered on the register and Newman gave the students an address \"What are we here for\" and prophesied that in later years they would look back with pride on the day. The university opened with three houses: 86 St Stephen's Green, which was known as", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2311629", "score": 0.6350650191307068, "text": "University College Dublin University of Ireland was opened in 1854 and John Henry Newman was appointed as its first rector. Newman had been an integral figure in the Oxford Movement in the 19th Century. The Catholic University opened its doors on the feast of St Malachy, 3 November 1854. On that day the names of seventeen students were entered on the register and Newman gave the students an address \"What are we here for\" and prophesied that in later years they would look back with pride on the day. The university opened with three houses: 86 St Stephen's Green, which was known as", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3189818", "score": 0.6350650191307068, "text": "University College Dublin University of Ireland was opened in 1854 and John Henry Newman was appointed as its first rector. Newman had been an integral figure in the Oxford Movement in the 19th Century. The Catholic University opened its doors on the feast of St Malachy, 3 November 1854. On that day the names of seventeen students were entered on the register and Newman gave the students an address \"What are we here for\" and prophesied that in later years they would look back with pride on the day. The university opened with three houses: 86 St Stephen's Green, which was known as", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3050777", "score": 0.6337889432907104, "text": "Christian library of the 19th century saw excellent theological collections being gathered at Andover (later merged with the Harvard Divinity Collection), Hartford (sold much later to Candler School of Theology at Emory University), Yale, Auburn/Union in New York, Colgate-Rochester (and subsequent mergers from Bexley Hall and Crozer Theological Seminary), General, Drew, Princeton, Gettysburg, St. Charles Borromeo, etc. In the midwest, the St. Mary of the Lake Seminary was founded in 1844, and on the west coast what is now the Pacific School of Religion came into existence in 1866. In North America, both denominational and non-denominational schools of theology had seen remarkable", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1926372", "score": 0.6331126093864441, "text": "Mary McAleese protests by conservatives because of the President's professing heterodox Roman Catholic views on homosexuality and women in priesthood. She was the commencement speaker at the University of Notre Dame on 21 May 2006. In her commencement address, among other topics, she spoke of her pride at Notre Dame's Irish heritage, including the nickname the \"Fighting Irish.\" She attended the funeral of Pope John Paul II on 8 April 2005, and the Papal Inauguration of Pope Benedict XVI on 24 April 2005. McAleese attended the canonisation by Pope Benedict XVI in Rome of Charles of Mount Argus on 3 June 2007.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-484908", "score": 0.6326087713241577, "text": "Trinity College Dublin it originally towered over the university and city after its completion. Even today, surrounded by similarly scaled buildings, it is imposing and dominates the view of the university from Nassau Street. It was founded with the college and first endowed by James Ussher (1625–56), Archbishop of Armagh, who endowed his own valuable library, comprising several thousand printed books and manuscripts, to the college. The Book of Kells is by far the Library's most famous book and is located in the Old Library, along with the Book of Durrow, the Book of Howth and other ancient texts. Also incorporating the Long", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1067833", "score": 0.6320850849151611, "text": "130 seminarians. One of the notable alumni of the Notre Dame Seminary is the Servant of God Father Joseph Verbis Lafleur. Notre Dame Seminary Notre Dame Seminary is a resident, accredited graduate theological school in New Orleans, Louisiana, founded in 1923 for the education of men to be priests of the Roman Catholic Church. The building is located at 2901 South Carrollton Avenue. Notre Dame offers the graduate degrees of M.Div. and M.A. in theological studies. It operates under the auspices of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. It serves the other six Catholic dioceses of the Province of New Orleans,", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2874024", "score": 0.6320850849151611, "text": "130 seminarians. One of the notable alumni of the Notre Dame Seminary is the Servant of God Father Joseph Verbis Lafleur. Notre Dame Seminary Notre Dame Seminary is a resident, accredited graduate theological school in New Orleans, Louisiana, founded in 1923 for the education of men to be priests of the Roman Catholic Church. The building is located at 2901 South Carrollton Avenue. Notre Dame offers the graduate degrees of M.Div. and M.A. in theological studies. It operates under the auspices of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. It serves the other six Catholic dioceses of the Province of New Orleans,", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-4008282", "score": 0.6302663087844849, "text": "St. Francis Xavier Cathedral and Library erected adjacent to the church in 1840 to house Bishop Bruté's personal collection of more than 5,000 books and other documents. His collection became the nucleus for the cathedral's library, the first library to be established in Indiana. In 1968 the Lilly Endowment provided grant funds to construct a new museum and library building to house the collection, which had grown to contain more than 11,000 rare books and volumes. Its oldest document, which is hand engraved on parchment, is an original papal document from Pope John XXII that dates from 1319. The basilica is the main structure in a", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-10", "score": 0.6302143931388855, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-11", "score": 0.6302143931388855, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-12", "score": 0.6302143931388855, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-13", "score": 0.6302143931388855, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-14", "score": 0.6302143931388855, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-177", "score": 0.6822569370269775, "text": "The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry & Physics, Engineering, Law, and Mathematics as well as information centers in the Mendoza College of Business, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall. A theology library was also opened in fall of 2015. Located on the first floor of Stanford Hall, it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room. The library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-4055366", "score": 0.6409769058227539, "text": "Bibliothèque de la Sorbonne Latin Quarter in the 5th arrondissement. The library of the , located at 191 rue Saint-Jacques, is attached. The college of theology, Maison de Sorbonne, was established at the Collège de Sorbonne in 1257 by Robert de Sorbon. Its library, the Library of the Collège de Sorbonne was founded in 1289. In the 1700s, the Jesuits, before leaving the Sorbonne, gave away their buildings and books to the University of Paris. In 1791, during the French Revolution, the library disbanded, and the books (of which there were 25,000 volumes on the eve of the Revolution) were distributed to other libraries.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-647807", "score": 0.6405674815177917, "text": "Bibliothèque de la Sorbonne Latin Quarter in the 5th arrondissement. The library of the , located at 191 rue Saint-Jacques, is attached. The college of theology, Maison de Sorbonne, was established at the Collège de Sorbonne in 1257 by Robert de Sorbon. Its library, the Library of the Collège de Sorbonne was founded in 1289. In the 1700s, the Jesuits, before leaving the Sorbonne, gave away their buildings and books to the University of Paris. In 1791, during the French Revolution, the library disbanded, and the books (of which there were 25,000 volumes on the eve of the Revolution) were distributed to other libraries.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-856574", "score": 0.6363056302070618, "text": "Moses, Notre Dame Moses is an outdoor sculpture by Croatian artist Josip Turkalj. It is located at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend , IN. It is located at the main campus just outside the Hesburgh Library. It is owned by the University of Notre Dame and it was commissioned in 1962. The sculpture is cast in bronze and represents the prophet Moses. \"Moses\" is a 17ft sculpture with a 3inch tall bronze base and a 1.3 feet tall granite square base. It is located in the West side of Hesburgh Library located at the North quad of", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.6352270841598511, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.6352270841598511, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.6352270841598511, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.6352270841598511, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.6352270841598511, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1599522", "score": 0.6351250410079956, "text": "Book of Armagh The Book of Armagh or Codex Ardmachanus (ar or 61), also known as the \"Canon of Patrick\" and the \"Liber Ar(d)machanus\", is a 9th-century Irish illuminated manuscript written mainly in Latin. It is held by the Library of Trinity College Dublin (MS 52). The document is valuable for containing early texts relating to St Patrick and some of the oldest surviving specimens of Old Irish, and for being one of the earliest manuscripts produced by an insular church to contain a near complete copy of the New Testament. The manuscript was once reputed to have belonged to", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3137476", "score": 0.6351250410079956, "text": "Book of Armagh The Book of Armagh or Codex Ardmachanus (ar or 61), also known as the \"Canon of Patrick\" and the \"Liber Ar(d)machanus\", is a 9th-century Irish illuminated manuscript written mainly in Latin. It is held by the Library of Trinity College Dublin (MS 52). The document is valuable for containing early texts relating to St Patrick and some of the oldest surviving specimens of Old Irish, and for being one of the earliest manuscripts produced by an insular church to contain a near complete copy of the New Testament. The manuscript was once reputed to have belonged to", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3747182", "score": 0.6350431442260742, "text": "University of Notre Dame funded by a $50 million gift from Donald Keough and Marilyn Keough and will be housed in Jenkins Hall on Debartolo Quad. The school is scheduled to open in August 2017. The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1722147", "score": 0.6310408711433411, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1807267", "score": 0.6310408711433411, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2755088", "score": 0.6310408711433411, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3257334", "score": 0.6310408711433411, "text": "Notre Dame Law School an additional 85,000 square feet of classroom and office space. In 2010 Robert Biolchini, alumnus and entrepreneur from Tulsa, Oklahoma, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, located in the renamed Biolchini Hall of Law. The renovated Biolchini Hall is 106,500 square feet, has two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and holds 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately 58 million dollars. In recent years, the expanding Notre Dame Law faculty has attracted a number of accomplished scholars from other top law schools.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3357702", "score": 0.6303788423538208, "text": "Sorbonne The Sorbonne () is an edifice of the Latin Quarter, in Paris, France, which was the historical house of the former University of Paris. Today, it houses part or all of several higher education and research institutions such as Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Sorbonne Nouvelle University, Paris Descartes University, École pratique des hautes études, and Sorbonne University. The name is derived from the Collège de Sorbonne, founded in 1257 by the eponymous Robert de Sorbon as one of the first significant colleges of the medieval University of Paris. The library was among the first to arrange items alphabetically according to title.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-484908", "score": 0.629527747631073, "text": "Trinity College Dublin it originally towered over the university and city after its completion. Even today, surrounded by similarly scaled buildings, it is imposing and dominates the view of the university from Nassau Street. It was founded with the college and first endowed by James Ussher (1625–56), Archbishop of Armagh, who endowed his own valuable library, comprising several thousand printed books and manuscripts, to the college. The Book of Kells is by far the Library's most famous book and is located in the Old Library, along with the Book of Durrow, the Book of Howth and other ancient texts. Also incorporating the Long", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1260635", "score": 0.6290209889411926, "text": "and remained absolutely closed to outsiders until 1881, when Pope Leo XIII opened them to researchers, more than a thousand of whom now examine its documents each year. The Vatican Film Library in St. Louis, Missouri is the only collection, outside the Vatican itself, of microfilms of more than 37,000 works from the \"Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana\", the Vatican Library in Europe. It is located in the Pius XII Library on the campus of Saint Louis University. The Library was created by Lowrie J. Daly (1914–2000), with funding from the Knights of Columbus. The goal was to make Vatican and other", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2547750", "score": 0.6290209889411926, "text": "and remained absolutely closed to outsiders until 1881, when Pope Leo XIII opened them to researchers, more than a thousand of whom now examine its documents each year. The Vatican Film Library in St. Louis, Missouri is the only collection, outside the Vatican itself, of microfilms of more than 37,000 works from the \"Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana\", the Vatican Library in Europe. It is located in the Pius XII Library on the campus of Saint Louis University. The Library was created by Lowrie J. Daly (1914–2000), with funding from the Knights of Columbus. The goal was to make Vatican and other", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-4083323", "score": 0.6286078691482544, "text": "wide. The mural's image of Jesus, visible from Notre Dame's football stadium, has arms raised in the same fashion as a referee signifying a touchdown. From this similarity came the mural's nickname, \"Touchdown Jesus\". A stadium expansion partially obscures views of the mural from the field. Hesburgh Library Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the University of Notre Dame's library system. The present-day building opened on September 18, 1963, as Memorial Library. In 1987 it was renamed Hesburgh Library in honor of Father Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., who served as the university's president from 1952 to 1987. The library's", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-178", "score": 0.6770553588867188, "text": "The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry & Physics, Engineering, Law, and Mathematics as well as information centers in the Mendoza College of Business, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall. A theology library was also opened in fall of 2015. Located on the first floor of Stanford Hall, it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room. The library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1872501", "score": 0.6428948640823364, "text": "prints, and some sculpture, furniture and other works of art. The library and archive collections at the National Gallery of Ireland encompass unique and historically significant collections for the study of art history. The origins of the collections can be traced back to the foundation of the institution over one hundred and sixty years ago. Covering the visual arts from the classical to the contemporary these collections continue to be a vital research element of the National Collection. The development of the library and archive has been supported principally through public funding and the private donations of generous benefactors. Open", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-484908", "score": 0.6414265632629395, "text": "Trinity College Dublin it originally towered over the university and city after its completion. Even today, surrounded by similarly scaled buildings, it is imposing and dominates the view of the university from Nassau Street. It was founded with the college and first endowed by James Ussher (1625–56), Archbishop of Armagh, who endowed his own valuable library, comprising several thousand printed books and manuscripts, to the college. The Book of Kells is by far the Library's most famous book and is located in the Old Library, along with the Book of Durrow, the Book of Howth and other ancient texts. Also incorporating the Long", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1263024", "score": 0.6412965059280396, "text": "Yongle Encyclopedia fire. Only 60 volumes remained in Beijing. Fewer than 400 volumes survive today, comprising about 800 chapters (rolls), or 3.5 percent of the original work. The most complete collection is kept at the National Library of China in Beijing, which holds 221 volumes. The next largest collection is at the National Palace Museum in Taipei, which holds 62 volumes. 51 volumes are in the United Kingdom held at the British Library, the Bodleian Library in Oxford, the School of Oriental and African Studies of the University of London, and Cambridge University Library; The Library of Congress of the United States", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3366370", "score": 0.6409702897071838, "text": "Ohio State University In 2006, the Thompson Library began a $100 million renovation to maintain the building's classical Italian Renaissance architecture. Ohio State operates the North America's 18th-largest university research library with a combined collection of over 5.8 million volumes. Additionally, the libraries regularly receive about 35,000 serial titles. Its recent acquisitions were 16th among university research libraries in North America. Along with 21 libraries on its Columbus campus, the university has eight branches at off-campus research facilities and regional campuses, and a book storage depository near campus. In all, the Ohio State library system encompasses 55 branches and specialty collections. Some more", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3957555", "score": 0.6392344832420349, "text": "European Library The European Library is an Internet service that allows access to the resources of 49 European national libraries and an increasing number of research libraries. Searching is free and delivers metadata records as well as digital objects, mostly free of charge. The objects come from institutions located in countries which are members of the Council of Europe and range from catalogue records to full-text books, magazines, journals and audio recordings. Over 200 million records are searchable, including 24 million pages of full-text content and more than 7 million digital objects. Thirty five different languages are represented among the", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-788518", "score": 0.6380279064178467, "text": "Early Irish literature and made copies of between thirty and forty lives of Irish saints, which are still preserved in the Burgundian library at Brussels. Nine, at least, exist elsewhere in ancient vellums. A part of one of them, the voyage of St. Brendan, spread all through Europe, but the Latin version is much more complete than any existing Irish one, the original having probably been lost. Owing to the nature of the case, and considering the isolation of Ireland, it is extremely difficult, or rather impossible, to procure independent foreign testimony, to the truth of Irish annals. But, although such testimony is", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3747182", "score": 0.6375179290771484, "text": "University of Notre Dame funded by a $50 million gift from Donald Keough and Marilyn Keough and will be housed in Jenkins Hall on Debartolo Quad. The school is scheduled to open in August 2017. The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-647807", "score": 0.6367065906524658, "text": "Bibliothèque de la Sorbonne Latin Quarter in the 5th arrondissement. The library of the , located at 191 rue Saint-Jacques, is attached. The college of theology, Maison de Sorbonne, was established at the Collège de Sorbonne in 1257 by Robert de Sorbon. Its library, the Library of the Collège de Sorbonne was founded in 1289. In the 1700s, the Jesuits, before leaving the Sorbonne, gave away their buildings and books to the University of Paris. In 1791, during the French Revolution, the library disbanded, and the books (of which there were 25,000 volumes on the eve of the Revolution) were distributed to other libraries.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-4055366", "score": 0.636518657207489, "text": "Bibliothèque de la Sorbonne Latin Quarter in the 5th arrondissement. The library of the , located at 191 rue Saint-Jacques, is attached. The college of theology, Maison de Sorbonne, was established at the Collège de Sorbonne in 1257 by Robert de Sorbon. Its library, the Library of the Collège de Sorbonne was founded in 1289. In the 1700s, the Jesuits, before leaving the Sorbonne, gave away their buildings and books to the University of Paris. In 1791, during the French Revolution, the library disbanded, and the books (of which there were 25,000 volumes on the eve of the Revolution) were distributed to other libraries.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-83", "score": 0.6363972425460815, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-84", "score": 0.6363972425460815, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-85", "score": 0.6363972425460815, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-86", "score": 0.6363972425460815, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-87", "score": 0.6363972425460815, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3619527", "score": 0.6350999474525452, "text": "books from their original French and wrote over sixty inspirational novels. In 1895, she received the Laetare Medal from the University of Notre Dame and a special blessing from Pope Leo XIII for her services to the Catholic Church and her impact on Catholic publishing. A nephew, William H. Sadlier, joined his uncles, in 1874 branching out to start his own publishing firm which still carries his name. Before he died at age 31, William asked his wife Annie to keep the family business. The 26-year-old widow with three small children raised a family while running a publishing company in", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1260635", "score": 0.6348409056663513, "text": "and remained absolutely closed to outsiders until 1881, when Pope Leo XIII opened them to researchers, more than a thousand of whom now examine its documents each year. The Vatican Film Library in St. Louis, Missouri is the only collection, outside the Vatican itself, of microfilms of more than 37,000 works from the \"Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana\", the Vatican Library in Europe. It is located in the Pius XII Library on the campus of Saint Louis University. The Library was created by Lowrie J. Daly (1914–2000), with funding from the Knights of Columbus. The goal was to make Vatican and other", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2547750", "score": 0.6348409056663513, "text": "and remained absolutely closed to outsiders until 1881, when Pope Leo XIII opened them to researchers, more than a thousand of whom now examine its documents each year. The Vatican Film Library in St. Louis, Missouri is the only collection, outside the Vatican itself, of microfilms of more than 37,000 works from the \"Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana\", the Vatican Library in Europe. It is located in the Pius XII Library on the campus of Saint Louis University. The Library was created by Lowrie J. Daly (1914–2000), with funding from the Knights of Columbus. The goal was to make Vatican and other", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3833097", "score": 0.6347850561141968, "text": "University of Cambridge of Cambridge has made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world. Cambridge is formed from a variety of institutions which include 31 constituent Colleges and over 100 academic departments organised into six schools. Cambridge University Press, a department of the university, is the world's oldest publishing house and the second-largest university press in the world. The university also operates eight cultural and scientific museums, including the Fitzwilliam Museum, as well as a botanic garden. Cambridge's libraries hold a total of around 15 million books, eight million of which are in Cambridge University Library, a legal deposit library.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1038140", "score": 0.6343491077423096, "text": "the colours used were derived from a wide range of substances, many of which were imports from distant lands. The manuscript takes its name from the Abbey of Kells, which was its home for centuries. Today, it is on permanent display at Trinity College Library, Dublin. The Library usually displays two of the current four volumes at a time, one showing a major illustration and the other showing typical text pages, and the entire manuscript can be viewed on the Library's Digital Collections Repository. The Book of Kells is one of the finest and most famous, and also one of", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1240627", "score": 0.6341071128845215, "text": "University of Cambridge of Cambridge has made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world. Cambridge is formed from a variety of institutions which include 31 constituent Colleges and over 100 academic departments organised into six schools. Cambridge University Press, a department of the university, is the world's oldest publishing house and the second-largest university press in the world. The university also operates eight cultural and scientific museums, including the Fitzwilliam Museum, as well as a botanic garden. Cambridge's libraries hold a total of around 15 million books, eight million of which are in Cambridge University Library, a legal deposit library.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-179", "score": 0.6324020624160767, "text": "The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry & Physics, Engineering, Law, and Mathematics as well as information centers in the Mendoza College of Business, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall. A theology library was also opened in fall of 2015. Located on the first floor of Stanford Hall, it is the first branch of the library system to be housed in a dorm room. The library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-44568", "score": 0.6006659269332886, "text": "For 2016, U.S. News & World Report ranked BYU as tied for 66th for national universities in the United States. A 2013 Quarterly Journal of Economics study of where the nation's top high school students choose to enroll ranked BYU No. 21 in its peer-reviewed study. The Princeton Review has ranked BYU the best value for college in 2007, and its library is consistently ranked in the nation's top ten — No. 1 in 2004 and No. 4 in 2007. BYU is also ranked No. 19 in the U.S. News and World Report's \"Great Schools, Great Prices\" lineup, and No. 12 in lowest student-incurred debt. Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school. BYU is designated as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.]] Forbes Magazine ranked it as the No. 1 \"Top University to Work For in 2014\" and as the best college in Utah.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-44569", "score": 0.6006659269332886, "text": "For 2016, U.S. News & World Report ranked BYU as tied for 66th for national universities in the United States. A 2013 Quarterly Journal of Economics study of where the nation's top high school students choose to enroll ranked BYU No. 21 in its peer-reviewed study. The Princeton Review has ranked BYU the best value for college in 2007, and its library is consistently ranked in the nation's top ten — No. 1 in 2004 and No. 4 in 2007. BYU is also ranked No. 19 in the U.S. News and World Report's \"Great Schools, Great Prices\" lineup, and No. 12 in lowest student-incurred debt. Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school. BYU is designated as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.]] Forbes Magazine ranked it as the No. 1 \"Top University to Work For in 2014\" and as the best college in Utah.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-44570", "score": 0.6006659269332886, "text": "For 2016, U.S. News & World Report ranked BYU as tied for 66th for national universities in the United States. A 2013 Quarterly Journal of Economics study of where the nation's top high school students choose to enroll ranked BYU No. 21 in its peer-reviewed study. The Princeton Review has ranked BYU the best value for college in 2007, and its library is consistently ranked in the nation's top ten — No. 1 in 2004 and No. 4 in 2007. BYU is also ranked No. 19 in the U.S. News and World Report's \"Great Schools, Great Prices\" lineup, and No. 12 in lowest student-incurred debt. Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school. BYU is designated as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.]] Forbes Magazine ranked it as the No. 1 \"Top University to Work For in 2014\" and as the best college in Utah.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-44571", "score": 0.6006659269332886, "text": "For 2016, U.S. News & World Report ranked BYU as tied for 66th for national universities in the United States. A 2013 Quarterly Journal of Economics study of where the nation's top high school students choose to enroll ranked BYU No. 21 in its peer-reviewed study. The Princeton Review has ranked BYU the best value for college in 2007, and its library is consistently ranked in the nation's top ten — No. 1 in 2004 and No. 4 in 2007. BYU is also ranked No. 19 in the U.S. News and World Report's \"Great Schools, Great Prices\" lineup, and No. 12 in lowest student-incurred debt. Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school. BYU is designated as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.]] Forbes Magazine ranked it as the No. 1 \"Top University to Work For in 2014\" and as the best college in Utah.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-44572", "score": 0.6006659269332886, "text": "For 2016, U.S. News & World Report ranked BYU as tied for 66th for national universities in the United States. A 2013 Quarterly Journal of Economics study of where the nation's top high school students choose to enroll ranked BYU No. 21 in its peer-reviewed study. The Princeton Review has ranked BYU the best value for college in 2007, and its library is consistently ranked in the nation's top ten — No. 1 in 2004 and No. 4 in 2007. BYU is also ranked No. 19 in the U.S. News and World Report's \"Great Schools, Great Prices\" lineup, and No. 12 in lowest student-incurred debt. Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school. BYU is designated as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.]] Forbes Magazine ranked it as the No. 1 \"Top University to Work For in 2014\" and as the best college in Utah.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2325908", "score": 0.6006078124046326, "text": "Legal deposit Bibliography is compiled on the receipt of books received under Delivery of Books Act at the National Library, Kolkata. One copy of each book and periodical published in the Republic of Ireland must be deposited with the National Library of Ireland (NLI), the British Library, and each of the seven university libraries: Trinity College Library and those of the University of Limerick (UL), Dublin City University (DCU), and the four constituent universities of the National University of Ireland (NUI). Four other British libraries can submit a written request for a copy within a year: the Bodleian Library, Cambridge University Library,", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-234", "score": 0.5999136567115784, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-235", "score": 0.5999136567115784, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-236", "score": 0.5999136567115784, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-237", "score": 0.5999136567115784, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-238", "score": 0.5999136567115784, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1452979", "score": 0.5996302366256714, "text": "is one of the top ranked in the country and has produced alumni in many fields of broadcasting. The school is exceptionally respected and well recognized worldwide for various offered programs. The School of Information Studies offers information management and technology courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels at Syracuse University. Within the School of Information Studies, \"U.S. News & World Report\" has ranked the graduate program as the 3rd best Library and Information Studies graduate school in the United States. It also has the top-ranked graduate Information Systems program, the 2nd ranked graduate program in Digital Librarianship, and the", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-128", "score": 0.5988993048667908, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-129", "score": 0.5988993048667908, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-130", "score": 0.5988993048667908, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-131", "score": 0.5988993048667908, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-132", "score": 0.5988993048667908, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2373303", "score": 0.597780168056488, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3363303", "score": 0.597780168056488, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3449983", "score": 0.597744882106781, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-180", "score": 0.6587848663330078, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-84619", "score": 0.6256803870201111, "text": "In Europe, there has been a general move away from religious observance and belief in Christian teachings and a move towards secularism. The Enlightenment is largely responsible for the spread of secularism. Several scholars have argued for a link between the rise of secularism and Protestantism, attributing it to the wide-ranging freedom in the Protestant countries. In North America, South America and Australia Christian religious observance is much higher than in Europe. United States remains particularly religious in comparison to other developed countries. South America, historically Roman Catholic, has experienced a large Evangelical and Pentecostal infusion in the 20th and 21st centuries.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-84620", "score": 0.6256803870201111, "text": "In Europe, there has been a general move away from religious observance and belief in Christian teachings and a move towards secularism. The Enlightenment is largely responsible for the spread of secularism. Several scholars have argued for a link between the rise of secularism and Protestantism, attributing it to the wide-ranging freedom in the Protestant countries. In North America, South America and Australia Christian religious observance is much higher than in Europe. United States remains particularly religious in comparison to other developed countries. South America, historically Roman Catholic, has experienced a large Evangelical and Pentecostal infusion in the 20th and 21st centuries.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-84621", "score": 0.6256803870201111, "text": "In Europe, there has been a general move away from religious observance and belief in Christian teachings and a move towards secularism. The Enlightenment is largely responsible for the spread of secularism. Several scholars have argued for a link between the rise of secularism and Protestantism, attributing it to the wide-ranging freedom in the Protestant countries. In North America, South America and Australia Christian religious observance is much higher than in Europe. United States remains particularly religious in comparison to other developed countries. South America, historically Roman Catholic, has experienced a large Evangelical and Pentecostal infusion in the 20th and 21st centuries.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-84622", "score": 0.6256803870201111, "text": "In Europe, there has been a general move away from religious observance and belief in Christian teachings and a move towards secularism. The Enlightenment is largely responsible for the spread of secularism. Several scholars have argued for a link between the rise of secularism and Protestantism, attributing it to the wide-ranging freedom in the Protestant countries. In North America, South America and Australia Christian religious observance is much higher than in Europe. United States remains particularly religious in comparison to other developed countries. South America, historically Roman Catholic, has experienced a large Evangelical and Pentecostal infusion in the 20th and 21st centuries.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-84623", "score": 0.6256803870201111, "text": "In Europe, there has been a general move away from religious observance and belief in Christian teachings and a move towards secularism. The Enlightenment is largely responsible for the spread of secularism. Several scholars have argued for a link between the rise of secularism and Protestantism, attributing it to the wide-ranging freedom in the Protestant countries. In North America, South America and Australia Christian religious observance is much higher than in Europe. United States remains particularly religious in comparison to other developed countries. South America, historically Roman Catholic, has experienced a large Evangelical and Pentecostal infusion in the 20th and 21st centuries.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1284486", "score": 0.6253203749656677, "text": "Collegium Russicum The Collegium Russicum (; ; \"\") is a Catholic college in Rome dedicated to studies of the culture and spirituality of Russia. It is located near the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, separated from the Pontifical Oriental Institute by the Church of Saint Anthony, and is known informally as the Russicum. It was founded on August 15, 1929, by Pope Pius XI, who was touched by the large flow of immigrants from Bolshevik Russia and the persecution of Christianity in that country. The money for the college building and its reconstruction was taken from an aggregate of charity", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3252343", "score": 0.6245425343513489, "text": "Catholic Church and Nazi Germany Austria—Nazi persecution of the church was intense. Many clergy were targeted for extermination. Through his links to the German Resistance, Pope Pius XII warned the Allies of the planned Nazi invasion of the Low Countries in 1940. From that year, the Nazis gathered priest-dissidents in a dedicated clergy barracks at Dachau, where 95 percent of its 2,720 inmates were Catholic (mostly Poles, and 411 Germans) and 1,034 priests died there. Expropriation of church properties surged from 1941. The Vatican, surrounded by Fascist Italy, was officially neutral during the war, but used diplomacy to aid victims and lobby for peace. Vatican", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2912594", "score": 0.6231049299240112, "text": "History of Europe Protestant Reformation also led to a strong reform movement in the Catholic Church called the Counter-Reformation, which aimed to reduce corruption as well as to improve and strengthen Catholic dogma. Two important groups in the Catholic Church who emerged from this movement were the Jesuits, who helped keep Spain, Portugal, Poland and other European countries within the Catholic fold, and the Oratorians of Saint Philip Neri, who ministered to the faithful in Rome, restoring their confidence in the Church of Jesus Christ that subsisted substantially in the Church of Rome. Still, the Catholic Church was somewhat weakened by the Reformation,", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-23612", "score": 0.6226676106452942, "text": "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-23613", "score": 0.6226676106452942, "text": "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-23614", "score": 0.6226676106452942, "text": "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-23615", "score": 0.6226676106452942, "text": "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-23616", "score": 0.6226676106452942, "text": "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-725853", "score": 0.6202904582023621, "text": "Catholic Church in Scotland 19th century, Irish immigration substantially increased the number of Catholics in the country, especially in Glasgow and its vicinity, and the West of Scotland. Later Italian, Polish, and Lithuanian immigrants reinforced those numbers. The Catholic hierarchy was re-established in 1878, at the beginning of his pontificate, by Pope Leo XIII. , Archbishop Leo Cushley holds the senior Catholic bishopric in Scotland – that of Archbishop of St Andrews and Edinburgh – following the resignation of Cardinal Keith O'Brien. Mass immigration saw the emergence of sectarian tensions. In 1923, the Church of Scotland produced a highly controversial (and since repudiated) report,", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1407878", "score": 0.6200773119926453, "text": "Anti-Catholicism to thousands of arrests over the ensuing years, often on trumped up charges of currency smuggling or \"immorality\". In Hitler's Night of the Long Knives purge, Erich Klausener, the head of Catholic Action, was assassinated. Adalbert Probst, national director of the Catholic Youth Sports Association, Fritz Gerlich, editor of Munich's Catholic weekly and Edgar Jung, one of the authors of the Marburg speech, were among the other Catholic opposition figures killed in the purge. By 1937, the church hierarchy in Germany, which had initially attempted to co-operate with the new government, had become highly disillusioned. In March, Pope Pius XI", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1813015", "score": 0.6200773119926453, "text": "Anti-Catholicism to thousands of arrests over the ensuing years, often on trumped up charges of currency smuggling or \"immorality\". In Hitler's Night of the Long Knives purge, Erich Klausener, the head of Catholic Action, was assassinated. Adalbert Probst, national director of the Catholic Youth Sports Association, Fritz Gerlich, editor of Munich's Catholic weekly and Edgar Jung, one of the authors of the Marburg speech, were among the other Catholic opposition figures killed in the purge. By 1937, the church hierarchy in Germany, which had initially attempted to co-operate with the new government, had become highly disillusioned. In March, Pope Pius XI", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2845930", "score": 0.6200773119926453, "text": "Anti-Catholicism to thousands of arrests over the ensuing years, often on trumped up charges of currency smuggling or \"immorality\". In Hitler's Night of the Long Knives purge, Erich Klausener, the head of Catholic Action, was assassinated. Adalbert Probst, national director of the Catholic Youth Sports Association, Fritz Gerlich, editor of Munich's Catholic weekly and Edgar Jung, one of the authors of the Marburg speech, were among the other Catholic opposition figures killed in the purge. By 1937, the church hierarchy in Germany, which had initially attempted to co-operate with the new government, had become highly disillusioned. In March, Pope Pius XI", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-782514", "score": 0.6191567182540894, "text": "Catholic Church the 17th century by secular intellectuals in the Enlightenment. Concurrently, Spanish and Portuguese explorers and missionaries spread the church's influence through Africa, Asia, and the New World. In 1870, the First Vatican Council declared the dogma of papal infallibility and the Kingdom of Italy annexed the city of Rome, the last portion of the Papal States to be incorporated into the new nation. In the 20th century, anti-clerical governments around the world, including Mexico and Spain, persecuted or executed thousands of clerics and laypersons. In the Second World War, the church condemned Nazism, and protected hundreds of thousands of Jews", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1236063", "score": 0.6191567182540894, "text": "Catholic Church the 17th century by secular intellectuals in the Enlightenment. Concurrently, Spanish and Portuguese explorers and missionaries spread the church's influence through Africa, Asia, and the New World. In 1870, the First Vatican Council declared the dogma of papal infallibility and the Kingdom of Italy annexed the city of Rome, the last portion of the Papal States to be incorporated into the new nation. In the 20th century, anti-clerical governments around the world, including Mexico and Spain, persecuted or executed thousands of clerics and laypersons. In the Second World War, the church condemned Nazism, and protected hundreds of thousands of Jews", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-87938", "score": 0.6191344261169434, "text": "Catholics. Within five years, he had quarrelled with the author and sent him into internal exile. In \"The Genius of Christianity\", Chateaubriand defends the wisdom and beauty of Christianity against the attacks on it by French Enlightenment philosophers and revolutionary politicians. The book had an immense influence on nineteenth-century culture and not just on religious life. In fact, it might be said its greatest impact was on art and literature: it was a major inspiration for the Romantic movement. The book emerged from Chateaubriand's attempt to understand the causes of the French Revolution, which had led to the deaths of", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-181", "score": 0.6693823933601379, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1320921", "score": 0.6281378269195557, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Following his ordination as a priest in the Congregation of Holy Cross, he traveled as a missionary to the United States where he worked in Indiana, what was then considered a very remote area of the nation. Accompanied by six brothers, he landed in New York and proceeded to Indiana where he acquired possession of 524 snow-covered acres of land from the Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana. On November 26, 1842, Sorin began the foundation of the University of Notre Dame on this land. The University of Notre Dame commissioned artist Ernesto Biondi to create the statue in memory of Sorin.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2784202", "score": 0.6281378269195557, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Following his ordination as a priest in the Congregation of Holy Cross, he traveled as a missionary to the United States where he worked in Indiana, what was then considered a very remote area of the nation. Accompanied by six brothers, he landed in New York and proceeded to Indiana where he acquired possession of 524 snow-covered acres of land from the Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana. On November 26, 1842, Sorin began the foundation of the University of Notre Dame on this land. The University of Notre Dame commissioned artist Ernesto Biondi to create the statue in memory of Sorin.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-743270", "score": 0.6280688643455505, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Following his ordination as a priest in the Congregation of Holy Cross, he traveled as a missionary to the United States where he worked in Indiana, what was then considered a very remote area of the nation. Accompanied by six brothers, he landed in New York and proceeded to Indiana where he acquired possession of 524 snow-covered acres of land from the Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana. On November 26, 1842, Sorin began the foundation of the University of Notre Dame on this land. The University of Notre Dame commissioned artist Ernesto Biondi to create the statue in memory of Sorin.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-334084", "score": 0.6233657598495483, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame left Le Havre, France on August 8, 1841, on the ship the \"Iowa\", and arrived in New York on September 13, 1841, where they were met by Samuel Byerley, a merchant of New York, on the request of Bishop de la Hailandiere; the party was also hosted by Bishop John Dubois. On the third day, they set out for Indiana. They passed through Albany and in Buffalo they took a ferry though Lake Erie and reached Toledo, Ohio, and reached Bishop Hailandière in Vincennes on October 8. Bishop De la Hailandiere gave Sorin and his brothers possession of the church", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3865460", "score": 0.6233657598495483, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame left Le Havre, France on August 8, 1841, on the ship the \"Iowa\", and arrived in New York on September 13, 1841, where they were met by Samuel Byerley, a merchant of New York, on the request of Bishop de la Hailandiere; the party was also hosted by Bishop John Dubois. On the third day, they set out for Indiana. They passed through Albany and in Buffalo they took a ferry though Lake Erie and reached Toledo, Ohio, and reached Bishop Hailandière in Vincennes on October 8. Bishop De la Hailandiere gave Sorin and his brothers possession of the church", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1173400", "score": 0.622349739074707, "text": "and theology, are: His principal works have appeared also in English translation. Emmanuel Domenech Emmanuel-Henri-Dieudonné Domenech (4 November 1825 – 7 September 1903) was a French \"abbé\", missionary and author. Domenech was born at Rochetaillée-sur-Saône (near Lyon), France. In the spring of 1846, before completing his seminary studies and when not yet twenty years of age, he left France in response to an urgent appeal for missionaries to help develop the Catholic Church in the wilds of Texas, then rapidly filling up with American and European immigration. He went first to St. Louis, where he spent two years completing his", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2351949", "score": 0.6123860478401184, "text": "and the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, \"Angelicum\" in the 20th century. After an abbreviated novitiate Ceslaus, Hyacinth and their companions received the religious habit of the Order from St. Dominic himself in 1220. Their novitiate completed, St. Dominic sent the young friars back as missionaries to their own country. Establishing a friary at Friesach in Austria, they proceeded to Cracow whence Ceslaus was sent by St. Hyacinth to Prague, the metropolis of Bohemia. Labouring with much fruit throughout the Diocese of Prague, Ceslaus went to Wrocław, where he founded a large priory, and then extended his apostolic labours", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2356667", "score": 0.6123860478401184, "text": "and the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, \"Angelicum\" in the 20th century. After an abbreviated novitiate Ceslaus, Hyacinth and their companions received the religious habit of the Order from St. Dominic himself in 1220. Their novitiate completed, St. Dominic sent the young friars back as missionaries to their own country. Establishing a friary at Friesach in Austria, they proceeded to Cracow whence Ceslaus was sent by St. Hyacinth to Prague, the metropolis of Bohemia. Labouring with much fruit throughout the Diocese of Prague, Ceslaus went to Wrocław, where he founded a large priory, and then extended his apostolic labours", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-185", "score": 0.6009824872016907, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-186", "score": 0.6009824872016907, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-187", "score": 0.6009824872016907, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-188", "score": 0.6009824872016907, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-189", "score": 0.6009824872016907, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1441456", "score": 0.5996150374412537, "text": "Amiens Amiens (; ) is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme department in Hauts-de-France. The city had a population of 136,105 according to the 2006 census. It has one of the biggest university hospitals in France with a capacity of 1,200 beds. Amiens Cathedral, the tallest of the large, classic, Gothic churches of the 13th century and the largest in France of its kind, is a World Heritage Site. The author Jules Verne lived in Amiens from 1871 until his death in 1905, and served", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1639806", "score": 0.5996150374412537, "text": "Amiens Amiens (; ) is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme department in Hauts-de-France. The city had a population of 136,105 according to the 2006 census. It has one of the biggest university hospitals in France with a capacity of 1,200 beds. Amiens Cathedral, the tallest of the large, classic, Gothic churches of the 13th century and the largest in France of its kind, is a World Heritage Site. The author Jules Verne lived in Amiens from 1871 until his death in 1905, and served", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-970995", "score": 0.5995094776153564, "text": "by large waves, he prayed for divine assistance; God raised an island in the ocean to prevent the young boy from drowning. Gaufredus (Geoffroi), a cenobite of the Abbey of Saint Martial, Limoges, wrote an account of Psalmodius’ life, and writes that Psalmodius was a contemporary of St. Gregory the Great. According to this account of Psalmodius' life, St. Brendan convinced Psalmodius to journey with him to Gaul, and around 630 AD, they arrived at Saintonge, where they were received by Saint Leontius, bishop of Saintes. Psalmodius became a student of Leontius. Leontius subsequently advised Psalmodius to take up a", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-4068051", "score": 0.5995094776153564, "text": "by large waves, he prayed for divine assistance; God raised an island in the ocean to prevent the young boy from drowning. Gaufredus (Geoffroi), a cenobite of the Abbey of Saint Martial, Limoges, wrote an account of Psalmodius’ life, and writes that Psalmodius was a contemporary of St. Gregory the Great. According to this account of Psalmodius' life, St. Brendan convinced Psalmodius to journey with him to Gaul, and around 630 AD, they arrived at Saintonge, where they were received by Saint Leontius, bishop of Saintes. Psalmodius became a student of Leontius. Leontius subsequently advised Psalmodius to take up a", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-58249", "score": 0.5976443290710449, "text": "The province of France has produced a large number of preachers. The conferences of Notre-Dame-de-Paris were inaugurated by Père Lacordaire. The Dominicans of the province of France furnished Lacordaire (1835–1836, 1843–1851), Jacques Monsabré (1869–1870, 1872–1890), Joseph Ollivier (1871, 1897), Thomas Etourneau (1898–1902).[citation needed] Since 1903 the pulpit of Notre Dame has been occupied by a succession of Dominicans. Père Henri Didon (d. 1900) was a Dominican. The house of studies of the province of France publishes L'Année Dominicaine (founded 1859), La Revue des Sciences Philosophiques et Theologiques (1907), and La Revue de la Jeunesse (1909). French Dominicans founded and administer the École Biblique et Archéologique française de Jérusalem founded in 1890 by Père Marie-Joseph Lagrange O.P. (1855–1938), one of the leading international centres for Biblical research. It is at the École Biblique that the famed Jerusalem Bible (both editions) was prepared.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-58250", "score": 0.5976443290710449, "text": "The province of France has produced a large number of preachers. The conferences of Notre-Dame-de-Paris were inaugurated by Père Lacordaire. The Dominicans of the province of France furnished Lacordaire (1835–1836, 1843–1851), Jacques Monsabré (1869–1870, 1872–1890), Joseph Ollivier (1871, 1897), Thomas Etourneau (1898–1902).[citation needed] Since 1903 the pulpit of Notre Dame has been occupied by a succession of Dominicans. Père Henri Didon (d. 1900) was a Dominican. The house of studies of the province of France publishes L'Année Dominicaine (founded 1859), La Revue des Sciences Philosophiques et Theologiques (1907), and La Revue de la Jeunesse (1909). French Dominicans founded and administer the École Biblique et Archéologique française de Jérusalem founded in 1890 by Père Marie-Joseph Lagrange O.P. (1855–1938), one of the leading international centres for Biblical research. It is at the École Biblique that the famed Jerusalem Bible (both editions) was prepared.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-58251", "score": 0.5976443290710449, "text": "The province of France has produced a large number of preachers. The conferences of Notre-Dame-de-Paris were inaugurated by Père Lacordaire. The Dominicans of the province of France furnished Lacordaire (1835–1836, 1843–1851), Jacques Monsabré (1869–1870, 1872–1890), Joseph Ollivier (1871, 1897), Thomas Etourneau (1898–1902).[citation needed] Since 1903 the pulpit of Notre Dame has been occupied by a succession of Dominicans. Père Henri Didon (d. 1900) was a Dominican. The house of studies of the province of France publishes L'Année Dominicaine (founded 1859), La Revue des Sciences Philosophiques et Theologiques (1907), and La Revue de la Jeunesse (1909). French Dominicans founded and administer the École Biblique et Archéologique française de Jérusalem founded in 1890 by Père Marie-Joseph Lagrange O.P. (1855–1938), one of the leading international centres for Biblical research. It is at the École Biblique that the famed Jerusalem Bible (both editions) was prepared.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-182", "score": 0.5741515159606934, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-57245", "score": 0.5452417731285095, "text": "Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata may refer to \"family trees\". This specific meaning shows the relationships of the surviving witnesses (the first known example of such a stemma, albeit with the name, dates from 1827). The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram. The method works from the principle that \"community of error implies community of origin.\" That is, if two witnesses have a number of errors in common, it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source, called a hyparchetype. Relations between the lost intermediates are determined by the same process, placing all extant manuscripts in a family tree or stemma codicum descended from a single archetype. The process of constructing the stemma is called recension, or the Latin recensio.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-57246", "score": 0.5452417731285095, "text": "Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata may refer to \"family trees\". This specific meaning shows the relationships of the surviving witnesses (the first known example of such a stemma, albeit with the name, dates from 1827). The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram. The method works from the principle that \"community of error implies community of origin.\" That is, if two witnesses have a number of errors in common, it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source, called a hyparchetype. Relations between the lost intermediates are determined by the same process, placing all extant manuscripts in a family tree or stemma codicum descended from a single archetype. The process of constructing the stemma is called recension, or the Latin recensio.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-57247", "score": 0.5452417731285095, "text": "Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata may refer to \"family trees\". This specific meaning shows the relationships of the surviving witnesses (the first known example of such a stemma, albeit with the name, dates from 1827). The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram. The method works from the principle that \"community of error implies community of origin.\" That is, if two witnesses have a number of errors in common, it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source, called a hyparchetype. Relations between the lost intermediates are determined by the same process, placing all extant manuscripts in a family tree or stemma codicum descended from a single archetype. The process of constructing the stemma is called recension, or the Latin recensio.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-57248", "score": 0.5452417731285095, "text": "Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata may refer to \"family trees\". This specific meaning shows the relationships of the surviving witnesses (the first known example of such a stemma, albeit with the name, dates from 1827). The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram. The method works from the principle that \"community of error implies community of origin.\" That is, if two witnesses have a number of errors in common, it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source, called a hyparchetype. Relations between the lost intermediates are determined by the same process, placing all extant manuscripts in a family tree or stemma codicum descended from a single archetype. The process of constructing the stemma is called recension, or the Latin recensio.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-57249", "score": 0.5452417731285095, "text": "Stemmatics, stemmology or stemmatology is a rigorous approach to textual criticism. Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) greatly contributed to making this method famous, even though he did not invent it. The method takes its name from the word stemma. The Ancient Greek word στέμματα and its loanword in classical Latin stemmata may refer to \"family trees\". This specific meaning shows the relationships of the surviving witnesses (the first known example of such a stemma, albeit with the name, dates from 1827). The family tree is also referred to as a cladogram. The method works from the principle that \"community of error implies community of origin.\" That is, if two witnesses have a number of errors in common, it may be presumed that they were derived from a common intermediate source, called a hyparchetype. Relations between the lost intermediates are determined by the same process, placing all extant manuscripts in a family tree or stemma codicum descended from a single archetype. The process of constructing the stemma is called recension, or the Latin recensio.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1930097", "score": 0.5451478362083435, "text": "Scholar A scholar is a person who devotes themselves to scholarly pursuits, particularly to the study of an area in which they have developed expertise. A scholar may also be an academic, a person who works as a teacher or researcher at a university or other higher education institution. An academic usually holds an advanced degree. The term scholar is sometimes used with equivalent meaning to that of \"academic\" and describes in general those who attain mastery in a research discipline. However, it has wider application, with it also being used to describe those whose occupation was researched prior to", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3403006", "score": 0.5451478362083435, "text": "Scholar A scholar is a person who devotes themselves to scholarly pursuits, particularly to the study of an area in which they have developed expertise. A scholar may also be an academic, a person who works as a teacher or researcher at a university or other higher education institution. An academic usually holds an advanced degree. The term scholar is sometimes used with equivalent meaning to that of \"academic\" and describes in general those who attain mastery in a research discipline. However, it has wider application, with it also being used to describe those whose occupation was researched prior to", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-648801", "score": 0.5444962978363037, "text": "Johan Christian Fabricius Johan Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in \"Insecta\", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is considered one of the most important entomologists of the 18th century, having named nearly 10,000 species of animals, and established the basis for the modern insect classification. Johan Christian Fabricius was born on 7 January 1745 at Tønder in the Duchy of Schleswig, where his father was a doctor. He studied at the gymnasium at Altona and entered the", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1347269", "score": 0.5442902445793152, "text": "material principles of mixed bodies. In 1663, the chemist Christopher Glaser described \"chymistry\" as a scientific art, by which one learns to dissolve bodies, and draw from them the different substances on their composition, and how to unite them again, and exalt them to a higher perfection. The 1730 definition of the word \"chemistry\", as used by Georg Ernst Stahl, meant the art of resolving mixed, compound, or aggregate bodies into their principles; and of composing such bodies from those principles. In 1837, Jean-Baptiste Dumas considered the word \"chemistry\" to refer to the science concerned with the laws and effects", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1067063", "score": 0.544204831123352, "text": "Alfred Schütz Alfred Schütz Alfred Schutz (; born Alfred Schütz, ; 13 April 1899 – 20 May 1959) was an Austrian philosopher and social phenomenologist whose work bridged sociological and phenomenological traditions. Schutz is gradually being recognized as one of the twentieth century's leading philosophers of social science. He related Edmund Husserl's work to the social sciences, and influenced Max Weber's legacy of philosophical foundations for sociology and economics through Schutz's major work, \"Phenomenology of the Social World\". Schutz was born in Vienna, Austria, into an upper-middle-class Jewish family as an only child. Following his graduation from high school he was drafted", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3965690", "score": 0.5441983342170715, "text": "Wilhelm Wien Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (; 13 January 1864 – 30 August 1928) was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to deduce Wien's displacement law, which calculates the emission of a blackbody at any temperature from the emission at any one reference temperature. He also formulated an expression for the black-body radiation, which is correct in the photon-gas limit. His arguments were based on the notion of adiabatic invariance, and were instrumental for the formulation of quantum mechanics. Wien received the 1911 Nobel Prize for his work on heat radiation.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1818211", "score": 0.5441152453422546, "text": "Genetics Genetics is a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. Gregor Mendel, a scientist and Augustinian friar, discovered genetics in the late 19th-century. Mendel studied \"trait inheritance\", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete \"units of inheritance\". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene. Trait inheritance and molecular inheritance mechanisms of genes are still primary principles of genetics in the 21st century, but", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-53798", "score": 0.5440733432769775, "text": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-53799", "score": 0.5440733432769775, "text": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-53800", "score": 0.5440733432769775, "text": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-53801", "score": 0.5440733432769775, "text": "The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural sciences and social sciences. (The history of the arts and humanities is termed as the history of scholarship.) Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who emphasize the observation, explanation, and prediction of real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-74875", "score": 0.5440732836723328, "text": "Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite his reservations about its interpretation, Einstein also made contributions to quantum mechanics and, indirectly, quantum field theory, primarily through his theoretical studies of the photon.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-74876", "score": 0.5440732836723328, "text": "Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite his reservations about its interpretation, Einstein also made contributions to quantum mechanics and, indirectly, quantum field theory, primarily through his theoretical studies of the photon.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-74877", "score": 0.5440732836723328, "text": "Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite his reservations about its interpretation, Einstein also made contributions to quantum mechanics and, indirectly, quantum field theory, primarily through his theoretical studies of the photon.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-74878", "score": 0.5440732836723328, "text": "Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite his reservations about its interpretation, Einstein also made contributions to quantum mechanics and, indirectly, quantum field theory, primarily through his theoretical studies of the photon.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-183", "score": 0.6324707269668579, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2387059", "score": 0.5911584496498108, "text": "Hans-Georg Gadamer Hans-Georg Gadamer (; ; February 11, 1900 – March 13, 2002) was a German philosopher of the continental tradition, best known for his 1960 \"magnum opus\" \"Truth and Method\" (\"Wahrheit und Methode\") on hermeneutics. He was a Protestant Christian. Gadamer was born in Marburg, Germany, the son of Johannes Gadamer (1867–1928), a pharmaceutical chemistry professor who later also served as the rector of the University of Marburg. He resisted his father's urging to take up the natural sciences and became more and more interested in the humanities. His mother, Emma Karoline Johanna Geiese (1869–1904) died of diabetes while", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-508635", "score": 0.5902002453804016, "text": "Institute for Advanced Study The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) in Princeton, New Jersey, in the United States, is an independent, postdoctoral research center for theoretical research and intellectual inquiry founded in 1930 by American educator Abraham Flexner, together with philanthropists Louis Bamberger and Caroline Bamberger Fuld. The IAS is perhaps best known as the academic home of Albert Einstein, Hermann Weyl, John von Neumann and Kurt Gödel, after their immigration to the United States. Although it is close to and collaborates with Princeton University, Rutgers University, and other nearby institutions, it is independent and does not charge tuition or", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1395721", "score": 0.5898012518882751, "text": "Institute for Advanced Study The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) in Princeton, New Jersey, in the United States, is an independent, postdoctoral research center for theoretical research and intellectual inquiry founded in 1930 by American educator Abraham Flexner, together with philanthropists Louis Bamberger and Caroline Bamberger Fuld. The IAS is perhaps best known as the academic home of Albert Einstein, Hermann Weyl, John von Neumann and Kurt Gödel, after their immigration to the United States. Although it is close to and collaborates with Princeton University, Rutgers University, and other nearby institutions, it is independent and does not charge tuition or", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2057406", "score": 0.5877603888511658, "text": "Ernst Kolman Ernst Kolman or Arnošt Yaromirovich Kolman (; 6 December 1892 – 22 January 1979) was a Marxist philosopher, notable for his activities as chief ideological watchdog in Soviet science. He was born in Prague to a Jewish family and studied at Charles University. During World War I he fought in the Austro-Hungarian army and was taken prisoner by the Russian forces. After the Russian revolution he joined the Bolshevik party and worked as a party functionary in the Red Army and the Communist International. In 1923 Kolman was assigned to the party apparatus in Moscow, where he quickly", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-4004440", "score": 0.5877603888511658, "text": "Ernst Kolman Ernst Kolman or Arnošt Yaromirovich Kolman (; 6 December 1892 – 22 January 1979) was a Marxist philosopher, notable for his activities as chief ideological watchdog in Soviet science. He was born in Prague to a Jewish family and studied at Charles University. During World War I he fought in the Austro-Hungarian army and was taken prisoner by the Russian forces. After the Russian revolution he joined the Bolshevik party and worked as a party functionary in the Red Army and the Communist International. In 1923 Kolman was assigned to the party apparatus in Moscow, where he quickly", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-673823", "score": 0.5843995809555054, "text": "the idea of divine creation.\" Johann Gottfried Herder Johann Gottfried (after 1802, von) Herder (; ; 25 August 174418 December 1803) was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic. He is associated with the periods of Enlightenment, \"Sturm und Drang\", and Weimar Classicism. Born in Mohrungen (now Morąg, Poland) in Kingdom of Prussia (in former Ducal Prussia), Herder grew up in a poor household, educating himself from his father's Bible and songbook. In 1762, as a youth of 17, he enrolled at the University of Königsberg, about 60 miles (100 km) north of Mohrungen, where he became a student", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1436434", "score": 0.5802012085914612, "text": "by de Hartmann in his teens). Elan Sicroff Elan David Sicroff (born March 20, 1950) is a concert pianist, recording artist, and educator. He is the foremost interpreter of music composed by Thomas de Hartmann (1885–1956) and the spiritualist George Gurdjieff (1866 or 1867–1949). As a teen, Sicroff trained as a classical pianist at the Juilliard Preparatory School under Jeaneane Dowis, specializing in Bartók. \"When I first found Bartók’s music, I was 14,\" he recalled in a 2010 interview. \"My teacher gave me the \"Three Rondos on Folk Tunes\", from Hungary. I was at the Juilliard Preparatory School, and I", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-4086745", "score": 0.5799198746681213, "text": "Galen Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (; September 129 AD – /), often Anglicized as Galen and better known as Galen of Pergamon (), was a Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire. Arguably the most accomplished of all medical researchers of antiquity, Galen influenced the development of various scientific disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and neurology, as well as philosophy and logic. The son of Aelius Nicon, a wealthy architect with scholarly interests, Galen received a comprehensive education that prepared him for a successful career as a physician and philosopher. Born in Pergamon (present-day Bergama, Turkey),", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1446452", "score": 0.5791527628898621, "text": "Carl Stumpf Carl Stumpf (; 21 April 1848 – 25 December 1936) was a German philosopher and psychologist. He studied with Franz Brentano at the University of Würzburg before receiving his doctorate at the University of Göttingen in 1868. He also tutored the modernist literature writer Robert Musil at the University of Berlin, and worked with Hermann Lotze, who is famous for his work in perception, at Göttingen. Stumpf is known for his work on the \"psychology of tones\". He had an important influence on his students Wolfgang Köhler and Kurt Koffka who were instrumental in the founding of \"Gestalt\"", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3226405", "score": 0.5786842703819275, "text": "Wilhelm Wundt Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (; ; 16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. He is widely regarded as the \"father of experimental psychology\". In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. By creating this laboratory he was able to establish psychology", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-938469", "score": 0.5786307454109192, "text": "Johann Gottfried Herder Johann Gottfried (after 1802, von) Herder (; ; 25 August 174418 December 1803) was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic. He is associated with the periods of Enlightenment, \"Sturm und Drang\", and Weimar Classicism. Born in Mohrungen (now Morąg, Poland) in Kingdom of Prussia (in former Ducal Prussia), Herder grew up in a poor household, educating himself from his father's Bible and songbook. In 1762, as a youth of 17, he enrolled at the University of Königsberg, about 60 miles (100 km) north of Mohrungen, where he became a student of Immanuel Kant. At the", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2290441", "score": 0.5784322619438171, "text": "Wilhelm Wundt Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (; ; 16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. He is widely regarded as the \"father of experimental psychology\". In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. By creating this laboratory he was able to establish psychology", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-675534", "score": 0.5781741738319397, "text": "Johann Gottfried Herder Johann Gottfried (after 1802, von) Herder (; ; 25 August 174418 December 1803) was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic. He is associated with the periods of Enlightenment, \"Sturm und Drang\", and Weimar Classicism. Born in Mohrungen (now Morąg, Poland) in Kingdom of Prussia (in former Ducal Prussia), Herder grew up in a poor household, educating himself from his father's Bible and songbook. In 1762, as a youth of 17, he enrolled at the University of Königsberg, about 60 miles (100 km) north of Mohrungen, where he became a student of Immanuel Kant. At the", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-3653564", "score": 0.5780975222587585, "text": "John Haldane (philosopher) John Joseph Haldane (born 19 February 1954) is a Scottish philosopher, commentator and broadcaster. He is a papal adviser to the Vatican. He is credited with coining the term \"Analytical Thomism\" and is himself a Thomist in the analytic tradition. Haldane is associated with The Veritas Forum and is the current chairman of the Royal Institute of Philosophy. Haldane attended Hamilton Park School, John Ogilvie Hall Preparatory School and St Aloysius' College, Glasgow. Later he studied at the Kent Institute of Art & Design in Rochester, Kent, and the Wimbledon School of Art in London for a", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2452101", "score": 0.5769791007041931, "text": "a spiritual teacher in New York City. Settling in Greenwich Village, Adi Da became a student of Albert Rudolph, also known as \"Rudi\", an oriental art dealer and self-styled spiritual guru. Having studied a number of spiritual traditions, including \"The Work\" of G.I. Gurdjieff and Subud, Rudolph was then a follower of Siddha Yoga founder Swami Muktananda, who gave Rudi the name \"Swami Rudrananda\". Rudi taught an eclectic blend of techniques he called \"kundalini yoga\" (having no literal relationship to the Indian tradition by that name.) Adi Da's father told Rudi of his son's onetime aspiration to become a Lutheran", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1508067", "score": 0.5766767263412476, "text": "a spiritual teacher in New York City. Settling in Greenwich Village, Adi Da became a student of Albert Rudolph, also known as \"Rudi\", an oriental art dealer and self-styled spiritual guru. Having studied a number of spiritual traditions, including \"The Work\" of G.I. Gurdjieff and Subud, Rudolph was then a follower of Siddha Yoga founder Swami Muktananda, who gave Rudi the name \"Swami Rudrananda\". Rudi taught an eclectic blend of techniques he called \"kundalini yoga\" (having no literal relationship to the Indian tradition by that name.) Adi Da's father told Rudi of his son's onetime aspiration to become a Lutheran", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2678770", "score": 0.575602114200592, "text": "Ethel Merston Ethel Merston (23 December 1882, London – 19 March 1967, Tiruvannamalai, India) was one of G. I. Gurdjieff’s first students at his Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man, at the Prieuré in Fontainebleau-en-Avon, France. Gurdjieff had recently come to the West to introduce an esoteric teaching called the Fourth Way. She wrote a memoir based on her diaries giving a keen insight into many of the seminal teachers of her times. Ethel Merston first met Gurdjieff in London, through P. D. Ouspensky and Dr. Maurice Nicoll (1884-1953), and went to France where she lived and studied with", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-64", "score": 0.5754003524780273, "text": "The Review of Politics was founded in 1939 by Gurian, modeled after German Catholic journals. It quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the Review was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch. Intellectual leaders included Gurian, Jacques Maritain, Frank O'Malley, Leo Richard Ward, F. A. Hermens, and John U. Nef. It became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a Catholic and scholastic tradition.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-65", "score": 0.5754003524780273, "text": "The Review of Politics was founded in 1939 by Gurian, modeled after German Catholic journals. It quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the Review was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch. Intellectual leaders included Gurian, Jacques Maritain, Frank O'Malley, Leo Richard Ward, F. A. Hermens, and John U. Nef. It became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a Catholic and scholastic tradition.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-66", "score": 0.5754003524780273, "text": "The Review of Politics was founded in 1939 by Gurian, modeled after German Catholic journals. It quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the Review was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and Thomas Stritch. Intellectual leaders included Gurian, Jacques Maritain, Frank O'Malley, Leo Richard Ward, F. A. Hermens, and John U. Nef. It became a major forum for political ideas and modern political concerns, especially from a Catholic and scholastic tradition.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-184", "score": 0.5319626331329346, "text": "The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-167763", "score": 0.5053439736366272, "text": "Seven Champions of Christendom The Seven Champions of Christendom is a moniker referring to St. George, St. Andrew, St. Patrick, St. Denis, St. James Boanerges, St. Anthony the Lesser, and St. David. They are the patron saints of, respectively, England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Spain, Portugal, and Wales. The champions have been depicted in Christian art and folklore as heroic warriors, most notably in a 1596 book by Richard Johnson titled \"Famous Historie of the Seaven Champions of Christendom\". Richard Johnson was entirely responsible for grouping the seven together, for their moniker, and for most of their adventures in his book.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2437472", "score": 0.5053439736366272, "text": "Seven Champions of Christendom The Seven Champions of Christendom is a moniker referring to St. George, St. Andrew, St. Patrick, St. Denis, St. James Boanerges, St. Anthony the Lesser, and St. David. They are the patron saints of, respectively, England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Spain, Portugal, and Wales. The champions have been depicted in Christian art and folklore as heroic warriors, most notably in a 1596 book by Richard Johnson titled \"Famous Historie of the Seaven Champions of Christendom\". Richard Johnson was entirely responsible for grouping the seven together, for their moniker, and for most of their adventures in his book.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2547204", "score": 0.5053439736366272, "text": "Seven Champions of Christendom The Seven Champions of Christendom is a moniker referring to St. George, St. Andrew, St. Patrick, St. Denis, St. James Boanerges, St. Anthony the Lesser, and St. David. They are the patron saints of, respectively, England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Spain, Portugal, and Wales. The champions have been depicted in Christian art and folklore as heroic warriors, most notably in a 1596 book by Richard Johnson titled \"Famous Historie of the Seaven Champions of Christendom\". Richard Johnson was entirely responsible for grouping the seven together, for their moniker, and for most of their adventures in his book.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1753186", "score": 0.5053121447563171, "text": "Balkan music musicians played an important role in the royal court, and were known as sviralnici, glumci and praskavnici. Other rulers known for the musical patronage included Stefan Dušan, Stefan Lazarević, and Đurađ Branković. Medieval musical instruments included horns, trumpets, lutes, psalteries and cymbals. Progressive Balkan folk has seen rise in many western countries, particularly the United States. It has had its greatest success with progressive communities across the country. Younger American generations are discovering the possibilities of this genre and are bringing it to small clubs and festivals across the US. The upbeat, dramatic tone of the music has also attracted", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3012612", "score": 0.5052551031112671, "text": "have survived. The earliest of these is Diodorus Siculus (1st century BC), followed by Quintus Curtius Rufus (mid-to-late 1st century AD), Arrian (1st to 2nd century AD), the biographer Plutarch (1st to 2nd century AD), and finally Justin, whose work dated as late as the 4th century. Of these, Arrian is generally considered the most reliable, given that he used Ptolemy and Aristobulus as his sources, closely followed by Diodorus. Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon (; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (), was a king (\"basileus\") of the", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-672563", "score": 0.505199670791626, "text": "returned to the court. Alexander Danilovich Menshikov Prince Aleksander Danilovich Menshikov (; – ) was a Russian statesman, whose official titles included Generalissimus, Prince of the Russian Empire and Duke of Izhora (Duke of Ingria), Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Cosel. A highly appreciated associate and friend of Tsar Peter the Great, he was the \"de facto\" ruler of Russia for two years. Menshikov was born on in Moscow. It has been disputed by his enemies whether his father was a stablehand or worked on a barge; . As the story goes, he was making a living", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3841685", "score": 0.5051873922348022, "text": "Palmiro Togliatti Palmiro Togliatti ( ; 26 March 1893 – 21 August 1964) was an Italian politician and leader of the Italian Communist Party from 1927 until his death. He was nicknamed by his supporters \"Il Migliore\" (\"The Best\"). In 1930 he became a citizen of the Soviet Union and later he had a city in the country named after him: Tolyatti. Togliatti was a founding member of the Communist Party of Italy (\"Partito Comunista d’Italia\", PCI), and from 1927 until his death, he was the Secretary and the undisputed leader of the Italian Communist Party, except for a period", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2319470", "score": 0.5051121115684509, "text": "great Soviet writer who emerged from the common people, a loyal friend of the Bolsheviks, and the founder of the increasingly canonical \"socialist realism\". Maxim Gorky Alexei Maximovich Peshkov ( or – 18 June 1936), primarily known as Maxim (Maksim) Gorky (), was a Russian and Soviet writer, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist. He was also a five-time nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Around fifteen years before success as a writer, he frequently changed jobs and roamed across the Russian Empire; these experiences would later influence his writing. Gorky's most famous", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3649315", "score": 0.505084753036499, "text": "Ion Ivanovici Ion Ivanovici (alternatively: Jovan Ivanović, Iosif Ivanovici, Josef Ivanovich) (1845 – ) was a Romanian military band leader and composer of Banat Serbian origin, best remembered today for his waltz \"Waves of the Danube\". Ivanovici was born in Timișoara, Austrian Empire. His interest in music began after he learned to play a flute given to him when he was a child. Later, he enrolled in the 6th Army Regiment, where he also learned to play the clarinet. His talent for music soon led him to become among the best musicians in the regiment, and he continued to study", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3521364", "score": 0.5050656795501709, "text": "Erik Satie Éric Alfred Leslie Satie (; 17 May 18661 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist. Satie was a colourful figure in the early 20th-century Parisian avant-garde. His work was a precursor to later artistic movements such as minimalism, Surrealism, repetitive music, and the Theatre of the Absurd. An eccentric, Satie was introduced as a \"gymnopedist\" in 1887, shortly before writing his most famous compositions, the \"Gymnopédies\". Later, he also referred to himself as a \"phonometrician\" (meaning \"someone who measures sounds\"), preferring this designation to that of \"musician\", after having", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-18791", "score": 0.5048948526382446, "text": "Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-18792", "score": 0.5048948526382446, "text": "Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-18793", "score": 0.5048948526382446, "text": "Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-18794", "score": 0.5048948526382446, "text": "Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-18795", "score": 0.5048948526382446, "text": "Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3379342", "score": 0.5048343539237976, "text": "Vostani Serbije Vostani Serbije (\"Arise, Serbia\"; ), also known as Pesna na insurekciju Serbijanov (\"A poem on the insurrection of the Serbs\"), is a Serbian patriotic song, originally a poem written by Dositej Obradović (1739–1811), published in Vienna in 1804, \"dedicated to Serbia and her brave warriors and sons and to their leader Georgije Petrović\" at the beginning of the First Serbian Uprising that transformed into the Serbian Revolution against the Ottoman Empire. Obradović, delighted, he happily and sincerely greeted the Serb uprising with this special, patriotic poem. Obradović extensively used the concept of \"Mother Serbia\" in his works, including", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2556905", "score": 0.5047652125358582, "text": "Ivan Andreyevich Khovansky (Tararui) Prince Ivan Andreyevich Khovansky () was a Russian boyar who led the Streltsy during the Moscow Uprising of 1682, alternatively known as the Khovanshchina. His life was dramatized by Modest Mussorgsky in the eponymous opera. Khovansky's moniker, Tararui, derives from the old Russian word for \"chatterbox\". Khovansky came from a senior Gediminid family, whose ancestors moved from Podolia to Moscow in 1408. He started his employment under Mikhail I as a stolnik. In 1650 he was sent to Tula to counter the raids of Crimean Tatars. In 1651–1654 he was governor in Vyazma, and in 1656", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1368729", "score": 0.5047609210014343, "text": "The Wounds being \"dedicated to the generations born after Tito\". The film follows the fate of two boys, Pinki and Švaba, growing up in Novi Beograd during the Yugoslav Wars period (1991–95). Pinki was born on 4 May 1980, the day Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito died, and was given his unusual name by his father Stojan Mučibabić, an idealistic, impulsive, and patriotic officer of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) who is deeply devoted to communist ideals and Marshal Tito. Father's first choice for his firstborn's name was actually Tito, but the officials at the municipal office thought it provocative and inappropriate", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1631478", "score": 0.5047323703765869, "text": "The Cheese and the Worms The Cheese and the Worms () is a scholarly work by the Italian historian Carlo Ginzburg. The book is a notable example of cultural history, the history of mentalities and microhistory. The book examines the beliefs and world-view of Menocchio (1532–1599), also known as Domenico Scandella, who was an Italian miller from the village of Montereale, twenty-five kilometers north of Pordenone. His philosophical teachings earned him the title of a heresiarch during the Inquisition and he was eventually burned at the stake in 1599, at the age of 67, on orders of Pope Clement VIII.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2890877", "score": 0.5047323703765869, "text": "The Cheese and the Worms The Cheese and the Worms () is a scholarly work by the Italian historian Carlo Ginzburg. The book is a notable example of cultural history, the history of mentalities and microhistory. The book examines the beliefs and world-view of Menocchio (1532–1599), also known as Domenico Scandella, who was an Italian miller from the village of Montereale, twenty-five kilometers north of Pordenone. His philosophical teachings earned him the title of a heresiarch during the Inquisition and he was eventually burned at the stake in 1599, at the age of 67, on orders of Pope Clement VIII.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-185", "score": 0.6836680173873901, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2359063", "score": 0.6488260626792908, "text": "Learning Community, which states, \"We embrace the gift of diversity.\" Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-192", "score": 0.6469417214393616, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-193", "score": 0.6469417214393616, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-194", "score": 0.6469417214393616, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-190", "score": 0.646702229976654, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-191", "score": 0.646702229976654, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3551287", "score": 0.642053484916687, "text": "University of Paris or one of its thirteen successors. List of Nobel Prize winners that were affiliated with the University of Paris or one of its thirteen successors. University of Paris The University of Paris (), metonymically known as the Sorbonne (), was a university in Paris, France, active 1150–1793, and 1806–1970. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated with the cathedral school of Notre Dame de Paris, it was considered the second oldest university in Europe. Officially chartered in 1200 by King Philip II of France and recognised in 1215 by Pope Innocent III, it was later often nicknamed", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-171", "score": 0.6406724452972412, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-172", "score": 0.6406724452972412, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-173", "score": 0.6406724452972412, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-174", "score": 0.6406724452972412, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-175", "score": 0.6406724452972412, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-976519", "score": 0.6389103531837463, "text": "Holy Cross School (New Orleans) Holy Cross School is a high school, middle school, and primary school serving grades pre-k -12 founded in 1849 by the Congregation of Holy Cross in New Orleans, Louisiana. The main founder of Holy Cross is Blessed Father Basil Moreau, who was beatified on September 15, 2007. Holy Cross High was originally named St. Isidore's College. Holy Cross School is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans. In 1849 the Brothers, Priests and Sisters of Holy Cross arrived in New Orleans, after having established the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana,", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-185446", "score": 0.6388340592384338, "text": "derived from the fight song of the University of Notre Dame, which was also founded by priests of the Congregation of Holy Cross. Holy Cross School (New Orleans) Holy Cross School is a high school, middle school, and primary school serving grades pre-k -12 founded in 1849 by the Congregation of Holy Cross in New Orleans, Louisiana. The main founder of Holy Cross is Blessed Father Basil Moreau, who was beatified on September 15, 2007. Holy Cross High was originally named St. Isidore's College. Holy Cross School is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans. In 1849 the", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3357702", "score": 0.6374208927154541, "text": "Sorbonne The Sorbonne () is an edifice of the Latin Quarter, in Paris, France, which was the historical house of the former University of Paris. Today, it houses part or all of several higher education and research institutions such as Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Sorbonne Nouvelle University, Paris Descartes University, École pratique des hautes études, and Sorbonne University. The name is derived from the Collège de Sorbonne, founded in 1257 by the eponymous Robert de Sorbon as one of the first significant colleges of the medieval University of Paris. The library was among the first to arrange items alphabetically according to title.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1857113", "score": 0.6356160044670105, "text": "Lafayette. The school undergoes periodic professional self-study under the direction of the Diocesan School Board's professional staff and the SACS accreditation team. \"Notre Dame\" is French for Our Lady. Mary, the Mother of Christ is the patroness of the school, and her statue stands in the center of the campus. Notre Dame High School (Crowley, Louisiana) Notre Dame High School is a private, Catholic high school in Crowley, Louisiana. It was formed in 1967 by consolidating the three Catholic high schools in Acadia Parish; St. Michael of Crowley, St. Joseph of Rayne, and St. Francis of Iota. It is located", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1067833", "score": 0.6353133916854858, "text": "130 seminarians. One of the notable alumni of the Notre Dame Seminary is the Servant of God Father Joseph Verbis Lafleur. Notre Dame Seminary Notre Dame Seminary is a resident, accredited graduate theological school in New Orleans, Louisiana, founded in 1923 for the education of men to be priests of the Roman Catholic Church. The building is located at 2901 South Carrollton Avenue. Notre Dame offers the graduate degrees of M.Div. and M.A. in theological studies. It operates under the auspices of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. It serves the other six Catholic dioceses of the Province of New Orleans,", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2874024", "score": 0.6353133916854858, "text": "130 seminarians. One of the notable alumni of the Notre Dame Seminary is the Servant of God Father Joseph Verbis Lafleur. Notre Dame Seminary Notre Dame Seminary is a resident, accredited graduate theological school in New Orleans, Louisiana, founded in 1923 for the education of men to be priests of the Roman Catholic Church. The building is located at 2901 South Carrollton Avenue. Notre Dame offers the graduate degrees of M.Div. and M.A. in theological studies. It operates under the auspices of the Archdiocese of New Orleans. It serves the other six Catholic dioceses of the Province of New Orleans,", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.6352568864822388, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-681009", "score": 0.6343690752983093, "text": "Campus of the University of Notre Dame The Campus of the University of Notre Dame is located in Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, spans 1,250 acres, and comprises around 170 buildings. Notre Dame's campus is consistently ranked among the most beautiful campuses in the country. The center of campus is Main Quad, often called God Quad, which hosts the Main Building and the Basilica, and other important buildings and residence halls. The North-West area of campus is mainly dedicated to residential buildings, the Central-East portion of campus is dedicated to academic spaces, while the South-East is dedicated to athletics. A part", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-186", "score": 0.6965103149414062, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-694118", "score": 0.6606537699699402, "text": "University of Notre Dame Medicine. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including the Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. The majority of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 31 residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events, and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 134,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. Notre Dame is known for its football team, which contributed to its rise to prominence on", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1815549", "score": 0.6591922640800476, "text": "the Congregation of Holy Cross and patron of Holy Cross College. Holy Cross College (Indiana) Holy Cross College is a Roman Catholic, co-educational, residential institution of higher education in Notre Dame, Indiana. The college was founded in 1966 and is administered by members of the Congregation of Holy Cross. The college’s baccalaureate program focuses on experiential learning, founded upon a program of Four Pillars: Service Learning, Global Perspectives, Professional Internship, Classroom Experience which culminates in a Capstone Presentation. Each student completes the same multidisciplinary core courses. Electives may be taken which allow each student to gain knowledge and experience preferred", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.6590941548347473, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-896583", "score": 0.6545922160148621, "text": "Since the college became coeducational it has seen enrollment double from nearly 1,000 in 2001 to over 2,000 in 2010. In 2008, NDC began construction on two additional residence halls, North and South halls. The structures opened in 2009 at a cost of $15 million. Notre Dame College offers associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees and is divided into five Academic Divisions: The college also has three special programs and two interdisciplinary programs. NDC currently offers 30 majors in its bachelor's degree programs. It also offers an Associate in Arts degree in Pastoral Ministry. and a master's degree in", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-171", "score": 0.6537023782730103, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-172", "score": 0.6537023782730103, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-173", "score": 0.6537023782730103, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-174", "score": 0.6537023782730103, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-175", "score": 0.6537023782730103, "text": "The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the program in Rome. The university is globally recognized for its Notre Dame School of Architecture, a faculty that teaches (pre-modernist) traditional and classical architecture and urban planning (e.g. following the principles of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It also awards the renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2306864", "score": 0.6531814336776733, "text": "Holy Cross College (Indiana) Holy Cross College is a Roman Catholic, co-educational, residential institution of higher education in Notre Dame, Indiana. The college was founded in 1966 and is administered by members of the Congregation of Holy Cross. The college’s baccalaureate program focuses on experiential learning, founded upon a program of Four Pillars: Service Learning, Global Perspectives, Professional Internship, Classroom Experience which culminates in a Capstone Presentation. Each student completes the same multidisciplinary core courses. Electives may be taken which allow each student to gain knowledge and experience preferred areas of interest. Students have academic advisors for each major and", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3980925", "score": 0.6530827879905701, "text": "Notre Dame, Indiana Notre Dame is a census-designated place north of South Bend in St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It includes the campuses of three colleges: the University of Notre Dame, Saint Mary's College, and Holy Cross College. Notre Dame is split between Clay and Portage Townships. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,973. Holy Cross Village at Notre Dame is a retirement community offering continuing care in Notre Dame, Indiana. It is owned by the Brothers of Holy Cross and managed by the Franciscan Sisters of Chicago Service Corporation. Notre Dame, Indiana, is", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3987165", "score": 0.6502525210380554, "text": "Notre Dame of Dadiangas University The Notre Dame of Dadiangas University (NDDU), known as Notre Dame, is a university in General Santos City, Philippines. It is a Catholic institution run by the Marist Brothers or FMS (Fratres Maristae a Scholis). It offers undergraduate and graduate courses as well as elementary and basic education. Further, it offers a broad spectrum of academic programs through its colleges. It consists of three campuses in General Santos — the main campus along Marist Avenue, the Notre Dame of Dadiangas University-Integrated Basic Education Department or NDDU-IBED Lagao Campus and the Espina Campus. Today, NDDU is", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3744022", "score": 0.6500918865203857, "text": "for its permanent campus. An effort is underway to raise the necessary funding from both foreign and local benefactors to build the university building. NDUB has a library. The library possesses a collection of books for academic and non-academic pursuit of knowledge. NDUB has two computer labs: one for all students and another for computer science students. Apart from the two computer labs, NDUB has a hardware lab for the computer science students. Notre Dame University Bangladesh Notre Dame University Bangladesh or NDUB () is a private university in Bangladesh. Located in Motijheel, Dhaka, the university was founded by the", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-3056997", "score": 0.6492255926132202, "text": "Notre Dame graduates enroll in college programs. The school follows a traditional liberal arts curriculum of language arts, fine arts, mathematics, the sciences, foreign languages, philosophy and theology. Mental, physical and social growth are all a central part of the school's values and are incorporated into the students' education. While a Roman Catholic school, the student body is not exclusively Catholic, with a portion regularly coming from other faiths. The school's mission statement: Founded on Catholic values, Quincy Notre Dame High School educates lifelong learners for lives of service. Notre Dame High School is a member school in the Illinois", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2533892", "score": 0.6482755541801453, "text": "has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains. LaFortune Student Center The LaFortune Student Center serves as the main student center at the University of Notre Dame. Built as Science Hall in 1883 under the direction of Fr. John Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as \"LaFortune\" or \"LaFun,\" it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3357702", "score": 0.646256685256958, "text": "Sorbonne The Sorbonne () is an edifice of the Latin Quarter, in Paris, France, which was the historical house of the former University of Paris. Today, it houses part or all of several higher education and research institutions such as Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Sorbonne Nouvelle University, Paris Descartes University, École pratique des hautes études, and Sorbonne University. The name is derived from the Collège de Sorbonne, founded in 1257 by the eponymous Robert de Sorbon as one of the first significant colleges of the medieval University of Paris. The library was among the first to arrange items alphabetically according to title.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3896985", "score": 0.6458303928375244, "text": "Notre Dame College (New Hampshire) Notre Dame College was a Roman Catholic college located in Manchester, New Hampshire, United States, and affiliated with the Sisters of Holy Cross of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. After more than 50 years of operation, it closed in May 2002, due to \"difficult enrollment and financial issues.\" Notre Dame was founded as a college exclusively for the education of women in 1950 arising from the \"Teacher Training Institute\" which the Sisters of the Holy Cross had established five years prior. It originally occupied two buildings in the well-to-do section of North Manchester. The main building had", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-219", "score": 0.645547091960907, "text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-220", "score": 0.645547091960907, "text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-221", "score": 0.645547091960907, "text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-187", "score": 0.7218820452690125, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-827821", "score": 0.6353659629821777, "text": "Quebec English segment (spelled \"euil\" or \"œil\") is a challenge and so most often pronounced as , and or less often . Used by both Quebec-born and outside English-speakers, acronyms with the letters pronounced in English, not French, rather than the full name for Quebec institutions and some areas on Montreal Island are common, particularly if the English-language names are or were official. For instance, \"SQ\" → Sûreté du Québec (pre-Bill 101: \"QPP\" → \"Quebec Provincial Police\", as it once was); \"NDG\" → Notre-Dame-de-Grâce; \"DDO\" → Dollard-des-Ormeaux; \"TMR\" → Town of Mount Royal, the bilingual town's official English name. The use of", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3153047", "score": 0.6343322396278381, "text": "\"zounds\" (God's wounds). They were considered so offensive that \"Dieu\" was sublimated into the similar-sounding neutral syllable \"bleu\". The verb \"sacrer\" has several meanings, including to crown, to anoint, to name someone [champion, best actor, etc.], and in the past, rarely in France but more common in French Canada, of swear, curse. Therefore, \"sacrebleu\" could be in modern French \"Je jure par Dieu\" and in English \"I curse by God\", or the more used \"I swear to God\". Sacrebleu Sacrebleu is a dated French profanity meant as a cry of surprise or happiness. The expression today is not used in", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2155171", "score": 0.6289907097816467, "text": "(corporation), (court)). Place-names in Norman are few, but there is Buttevant (from the motto of the Barry family: , \"Push to the Fore\"), the village of Brittas (from the Norman , \"boarding, planking\") and the element \"Pallas\" (Irish , from Norman , \"boundary fence\": compare palisade, The Pale). Others exist with English or Irish roots, such as Castletownroche, which combines the English \"Castletown\" and the Norman , meaning rock. Only a handful of Hiberno-Norman-French texts survive, most notably the \"The Song of Dermot and the Earl\" (early 13th century) and the Statutes of Kilkenny (1366). Anglo-Norman language Anglo-Norman, also known", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3292912", "score": 0.6289907097816467, "text": "(corporation), (court)). Place-names in Norman are few, but there is Buttevant (from the motto of the Barry family: , \"Push to the Fore\"), the village of Brittas (from the Norman , \"boarding, planking\") and the element \"Pallas\" (Irish , from Norman , \"boundary fence\": compare palisade, The Pale). Others exist with English or Irish roots, such as Castletownroche, which combines the English \"Castletown\" and the Norman , meaning rock. Only a handful of Hiberno-Norman-French texts survive, most notably the \"The Song of Dermot and the Earl\" (early 13th century) and the Statutes of Kilkenny (1366). Anglo-Norman language Anglo-Norman, also known", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1204360", "score": 0.6282998919487, "text": "Sacrebleu Sacrebleu is a dated French profanity meant as a cry of surprise or happiness. The expression today is not used in the major French-speaking countries France, Belgium, Canada (Québec) or Switzerland, but in the English-speaking world it is well known from Agatha Christie's books about the fictional Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. Most French dictionaries state \"sacrebleu\" to be equivalent to \"sacredieu\". The phrase originated from the words \"sacré dieu\". At varying points in history this was considered to be taking God's name in vain which is forbidden in the Ten Commandments. It was then changed to 'bleu' (blue) which", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-3105938", "score": 0.6282998919487, "text": "Sacrebleu Sacrebleu is a dated French profanity meant as a cry of surprise or happiness. The expression today is not used in the major French-speaking countries France, Belgium, Canada (Québec) or Switzerland, but in the English-speaking world it is well known from Agatha Christie's books about the fictional Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. Most French dictionaries state \"sacrebleu\" to be equivalent to \"sacredieu\". The phrase originated from the words \"sacré dieu\". At varying points in history this was considered to be taking God's name in vain which is forbidden in the Ten Commandments. It was then changed to 'bleu' (blue) which", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-192013", "score": 0.6277346611022949, "text": "either difficult or impossible to analyse thereafter. Agglutination takes various forms. In French, welding becomes complete fusion. Latin \"hanc horam\" `at this hour' is the French adverbial unit \"encore\". Old French \"tous jours\" becomes \"toujours\", and \"dès jà\" (`since now') \"déjà\" (`already'). In English, on the other hand, apart from rare combinations such as \"good-bye\" from \"God be with you\", \"walnut\" from \"Wales nut\", \"window\" from \"wind-eye\" (O.N. \"vindauga\"), the units making up the agglutinated forms retain their identity. Words like \"blackbird\" and \"beefeater\" are a different kettle of fish; they retain their units but their ultimate meaning is not", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1407372", "score": 0.6277346611022949, "text": "either difficult or impossible to analyse thereafter. Agglutination takes various forms. In French, welding becomes complete fusion. Latin \"hanc horam\" `at this hour' is the French adverbial unit \"encore\". Old French \"tous jours\" becomes \"toujours\", and \"dès jà\" (`since now') \"déjà\" (`already'). In English, on the other hand, apart from rare combinations such as \"good-bye\" from \"God be with you\", \"walnut\" from \"Wales nut\", \"window\" from \"wind-eye\" (O.N. \"vindauga\"), the units making up the agglutinated forms retain their identity. Words like \"blackbird\" and \"beefeater\" are a different kettle of fish; they retain their units but their ultimate meaning is not", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2467078", "score": 0.6277346611022949, "text": "either difficult or impossible to analyse thereafter. Agglutination takes various forms. In French, welding becomes complete fusion. Latin \"hanc horam\" `at this hour' is the French adverbial unit \"encore\". Old French \"tous jours\" becomes \"toujours\", and \"dès jà\" (`since now') \"déjà\" (`already'). In English, on the other hand, apart from rare combinations such as \"good-bye\" from \"God be with you\", \"walnut\" from \"Wales nut\", \"window\" from \"wind-eye\" (O.N. \"vindauga\"), the units making up the agglutinated forms retain their identity. Words like \"blackbird\" and \"beefeater\" are a different kettle of fish; they retain their units but their ultimate meaning is not", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2711287", "score": 0.6238107085227966, "text": "sentence which has two completely different meanings if read in Latin or in Italian: Homophonic translations of song lyrics, often combined with music videos, for comic effect—also known as soramimi in Japan and mondegreen in English speaking countries—have gained popularity on the internet. Homophonic translation Homophonic translation renders a text in one language into a near-homophonic text in another language, usually with no attempt to preserve the original meaning of the text. In one homophonic translation, for example, the English \"sat on a wall\" is rendered as French \"\"s'étonne aux Halles\"\" (literally \"is surprised at the Market\"). More generally, homophonic", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-165507", "score": 0.6208086609840393, "text": "\"Joan de l'Ors\" in Occitan, from the Aude province, in the French Pyrenees, Joan de l'Os in Catalan on the Spanish side, and examples in Basque. A bolder claim has been made that \"Jean de l'ours\" episodes are reenacted in these festivals. In some legends, the Pic du Midi d'Ossau is the head of John the Bear. In the Pyrenees, 'Jean' is sometimes regarded as an Anglicized corruption of \"people\" (gens) or \"giants\" (geants), an assumption which works well in French, but not in the various other languages and dialects of the region. An Occitan version \"Jan de l'Ours\", collected", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1906246", "score": 0.6188533902168274, "text": "or \"Nantt\". Gallo pronunciation is identical to French, although northern speakers use a long . In Breton, Nantes is known as \"Naoned\" or \"an Naoned\", the latter of which is less common and reflects the more-frequent use of articles in Breton toponyms than in French ones. Nantes' historical nickname was \"Venice of the West\" (), a reference to the many quays and river channels in the old town before they were filled in during the 1920s and 1930s. The city is commonly known as \"la Cité des Ducs\" \"city of the dukes [of Brittany]\" for its castle and former role", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2803601", "score": 0.6182929277420044, "text": "language, yet know school-related terms in French specifically (e.g. \"Let's go to la bibliothèque\", instead of \"Let's go to the library\"). As many French immersion classes and French schools have a strict \"French-only\" policy, such Franglais is used discreetly between students, or out of class. Canada's official bilingualism has also created new expressions in English, typically from bilingual product packaging. For example, many English Canadians think there is a type of cheese called \"old fort\". Franglais, in the sense of mistaken usage by second-language speakers, occurs across Canada. An example of an anglicism turned Franglais is the unintentional translation of", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-3869976", "score": 0.616792619228363, "text": "Bilingual pun Holy, Blessed be He\") a term used to refer to God in Jewish tradition. A Danish ice cream ad with the caption, \"Take it Is'i\". \"Is\" is the Danish word for ice cream, and Is'i sounds like \"easy\". At the beginning of his short story \"The Dead Lady of Clown Town\", science fiction author Cordwainer Smith wrote: In Chinese, \"An-fang\" can mean \"Peace Square\", while \"Anfang\" is the German word for \"beginning.\" - Elton John. (Eltin can) Elton John - I run each teen me? (Ayran içtin mi?) Did you drink ayran? - A wet each team. (Evet, içtim) Yes,", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2474917", "score": 0.6129941940307617, "text": "Chaitivel \"Chaitivel\", also known as \"Les Quatre Deuils\" or \"Le Malheureux\" in modern French or \"The Four Sorrows\" in English, is a Breton lai by the medieval poet Marie de France. \"Chaitivel\" is the tenth poem in the collection known as the \"Lais of Marie de France\" and is one of very few lais to contain alternate titles. Like the other poems in this collection, \"Chaitivel\" is written in the Anglo-Norman dialect of Old French, in couplets of eight syllables in length. In Nantes, Brittany, lives an exceedingly beautiful lady, who is loved by four knights. Because they are equally", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-188357", "score": 0.612902820110321, "text": "Lagniappe A lagniappe ( , ) is \"a small gift given to a customer by a merchant at the time of a purchase\" (such as a 13th doughnut on purchase of a dozen), or more broadly, \"something given or obtained gratuitously or by way of good measure.\" The word entered English from the Louisiana French adapting a Quechua word brought in to New Orleans by the Spanish Creoles. It derived from the South American Spanish phrase \"la yapa\" or \"ñapa\" (referring to a free extra item, usually a very cheap one). \"La\" is the definite article in Spanish as well", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2748930", "score": 0.6122878193855286, "text": "(cosmos) is of a mixed birth: it is the offspring of a union of Necessity and Intellect. Intellect prevailing over Necessity by persuading (from Peitho, goddess of persuasion) it to direct most of the things that come to be toward what is best, and the result of this subjugation of Necessity to wise persuasion was the initial formation of the universe\" (48a, trans. John M. Cooper). The word \"Ananke\" is featured in Victor Hugo's novel \"Notre-Dame of Paris\", written upon a wall of Notre-Dame by the hand of Dom Claude Frollo. In his \"Toute la Lyre\", Hugo also mentions Ananke", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1232199", "score": 0.6114013195037842, "text": "\"Dio\", etc., and by the Celtic languages in Welsh \"Duw\" and Irish \"Dia\". Latin \"deus\" consistently translates Greek θεός \"theos\" in both the Vetus Latina and Jerome's Vulgate. In the Septuagint, Greek \"theos\" in turn renders Hebrew Elohim (אֱלוֹהִים, אלהים). The word \"de-us\" is the root of deity, and thereby of deism, pandeism, and polydeism, all of which are theories in which any divine figure is \"absent\" from intervening in human affairs. This curious circumstance originates from the use of the word \"deism\" in the 17th and 18th centuries as a contrast to the prevailing \"theism\", belief in an actively", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1953615", "score": 0.6103931069374084, "text": "Exonym and endonym from the native language. For example, London (originally Latin \"Londinium\") is known by the cognate exonyms \"Londres\" in Catalan, Filipino, French, Galician, Portuguese, and Spanish; \"Londino\" (Λονδίνο) in Greek; \"Londen\" in Dutch; \"Londra\" in Italian, Maltese, Romanian, Sardinian and Turkish; \"Londër\" in Albanian; \"Londýn\" in Czech and Slovak; \"Londyn\" in Polish; \"Lundúnir\" in Icelandic; \"Lontoo\" in Finnish. An example of a translated exonym is the French name \"Pays-Bas\" for the Netherlands, \"Nederland\" in Dutch, all of which mean \"Low Countries\". Exonyms can also be divided into native and borrowed, i.e. from a third language. For example, Slovene uses the native", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-693989", "score": 0.6099244952201843, "text": "\"café\", which literally means \"coffee\"), bazaar (from Persian \"bāzār\", which means \"market\"), and kindergarten (from German \"Kindergarten\", which literally means \"children's garden\"). In a bit of heterological irony, the word \"calque\" is a loanword from the French noun, derived from the verb \"calquer\" (to trace, to copy); the word \"loanword\" is a calque of the German word \"Lehnwort\"; and the phrase \"loan translation\" is a calque of the German \"Lehnübersetzung\". Loans of multi-word phrases, such as the English use of the French term \"déjà vu\", are known as adoptions, adaptations, or lexical borrowings. Strictly speaking, the term \"loanword\" conflicts with", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-188", "score": 0.6630955934524536, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-225182", "score": 0.6294905543327332, "text": "John Vianney Jean-Baptiste-Marie Vianney, T.O.S.F. (8 May 1786 – 4 August 1859), commonly known in English as St. John Vianney, was a French parish priest who is venerated in the Catholic Church as a saint and as the patron saint of parish priests. He is often referred to as the \"\"Curé d'Ars\"\" (i.e., Parish Priest of Ars), internationally known for his priestly and pastoral work in his parish in Ars, France, because of the radical spiritual transformation of the community and its surroundings. Catholics attribute this to his saintly life, mortification, persevering ministry in the sacrament of confession, and ardent", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3590569", "score": 0.6294905543327332, "text": "John Vianney Jean-Baptiste-Marie Vianney, T.O.S.F. (8 May 1786 – 4 August 1859), commonly known in English as St. John Vianney, was a French parish priest who is venerated in the Catholic Church as a saint and as the patron saint of parish priests. He is often referred to as the \"\"Curé d'Ars\"\" (i.e., Parish Priest of Ars), internationally known for his priestly and pastoral work in his parish in Ars, France, because of the radical spiritual transformation of the community and its surroundings. Catholics attribute this to his saintly life, mortification, persevering ministry in the sacrament of confession, and ardent", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2026106", "score": 0.6286479830741882, "text": "secular forms of presentation - in his case, poems and music. Much of de Coincy's music is still performed and recorded, most recently by The Harp Consort. Gautier de Coincy Gautier de Coincy (1177–1236) was a French abbot, poet and musical arranger, chiefly known for his devotion to the Virgin Mary. While he served as prior of Vic-sur-Aisne he compiled \"Les Miracles de Nostre-Dame\" (known in English as \"The Miracles of Notre Dame\" or \"The Miracles of Our Lady\") in which he set poems in praise of the Virgin Mary to popular melodies and songs of his day. It is", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-239234", "score": 0.628099262714386, "text": "Notre-Dame de Paris VII of France (reigned 1137-1180) wanted to build monuments to show that Paris was the political, economic, and cultural capital of France. In this context, Maurice de Sully, who had been elevated Bishop in 1160, had the old basilica torn down to its foundations, and began to build a larger and taller cathedral. The cornerstone was laid in 1163 in the presence of Pope Alexander III. The design followed the traditional plan, with the ambulatory and choir, where the altar was located, to the east, and the entrance, facing the setting sun, to the west. By long tradition, the choir,", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1484160", "score": 0.6275765299797058, "text": "Teresa of Ávila possibly due to her mystical visions. The Spanish nuns who established Carmel in France brought this devotion with them, and it became widespread in France. Indeed, one of Teresa's most famous disciples, Saint Thérèse of Lisieux, a French Carmelite, herself named for Teresa, took as her religious name Sister Thérèse of the Child Jesus and the Holy Face. In the 1620s, Spain debated who should be the country's patron saint; the choices were either the current patron, Saint James Matamoros, or a pairing of him and the newly canonised Saint Teresa of Ávila. Teresa's promoters said Spain faced newer challenges,", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-3193640", "score": 0.6266305446624756, "text": "Name of Joan of Arc notorious that what small matter of spelling Providence had thought fit to disburse amongst man in the seventeenth century, was all monopolized by printers: in France, much more so.\" Thomas De Quincey, \"Joan of Arc\" In the bull of her canonization, \"Divina Disponente\" of 16 May 1920, Pope Benedict XV consistently gave her name in Latin as \"Ioanna de Arc\", this being its nominative singular form. Although it has been given elsewhere as \"Ioanna Arcensis\", \"Arcensis\" being in the genitive case and thus denoting \"of Arc\", Roman Catholic saints denominated toponymically in Latin generally are denominated \"de\" followed by the", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3989353", "score": 0.626076340675354, "text": "were also declared saints (Landericus, Dentelin, Aldetrude, and Madelberte) and so was her husband (Madelgaire).\" Waltrude Saint Waltrude (; ; ; ; died April 9, 688 AD) is the patron saint of Mons, Belgium, where she is known in French as Sainte Waudru, and of Herentals, Belgium, where she is known in Dutch as Sint-Waldetrudis or -Waltrudis. Both cities boast a large medieval church that bears her name. Married to the Count of Hainault, she raised four children. After her husband retired to an abbey, she herself became a nun in 656. She founded her own convent (Sainte-Waudru) and the", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-83", "score": 0.6259887218475342, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-84", "score": 0.6259887218475342, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-85", "score": 0.6259887218475342, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-86", "score": 0.6259887218475342, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-87", "score": 0.6259887218475342, "text": "The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: \"CSC\"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is celebrated over 100 times per week on campus, and a large campus ministry program provides for the faith needs of the community. There are multitudes of religious statues and artwork around campus, most prominent of which are the statue of Mary on the Main Building, the Notre Dame Grotto, and the Word of Life mural on Hesburgh Library depicting Christ as a teacher. Additionally, every classroom displays a crucifix. There are many religious clubs (catholic and non-Catholic) at the school, including Council #1477 of the Knights of Columbus (KOC), Baptist Collegiate Ministry (BCM), Jewish Club, Muslim Student Association, Orthodox Christian Fellowship, The Mormon Club, and many more. The Notre Dame KofC are known for being the first collegiate council of KofC, operating a charitable concession stand during every home football game and owning their own building on campus which can be used as a cigar lounge. Fifty-seven chapels are located throughout the campus.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2995412", "score": 0.6242269277572632, "text": "Francis of Assisi Saint Francis of Assisi (, ), born Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, informally named as Francesco (1181/11823 October 1226), was an Italian Catholic friar, deacon and preacher. He founded the men's Order of Friars Minor, the women's Order of Saint Clare, the Third Order of Saint Francis and the Custody of the Holy Land. Francis is one of the most venerated religious figures in history. Pope Gregory IX canonized Francis on 16 July 1228. Along with Saint Catherine of Siena, he was designated Patron saint of Italy. He later became associated with patronage of animals and the", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-3816793", "score": 0.6242269277572632, "text": "Francis of Assisi Saint Francis of Assisi (, ), born Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, informally named as Francesco (1181/11823 October 1226), was an Italian Catholic friar, deacon and preacher. He founded the men's Order of Friars Minor, the women's Order of Saint Clare, the Third Order of Saint Francis and the Custody of the Holy Land. Francis is one of the most venerated religious figures in history. Pope Gregory IX canonized Francis on 16 July 1228. Along with Saint Catherine of Siena, he was designated Patron saint of Italy. He later became associated with patronage of animals and the", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-694103", "score": 0.6239864826202393, "text": "Church of Notre Dame (New York City) available at the church. The sanctuary completed in 1910 was the work of Daus and Otto. Cross & Cross designed the nave, facade, and rectory completed in 1914. A planned dome was never completed. The expansion continued intermittently until completed 50 years later. The chapel was officially dedicated on October 2, 1910, by Archbishop John Farley. Cardinal Farley dedicated the enlarged structure on February 11, 1915, the Feast of Our Lady of Lourdes. Notre Dame became an independent parish in 1919 and grew from a small chapel to the present church in the late 1920s and early 1930s. It was", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2563077", "score": 0.622300922870636, "text": "Tourism in Paris The Notre-Dame de Paris, is the largest cathedrals in Paris. It was started to be built in 1163 by Maurice de Sully, the then appointed bishop of Paris. The construction campaign was divided into 4 parts, and was done by well-known builders of that era: Jean de Chelles, Pierre de Montreuil, Pierre de Chelles, Jean Ravy, Jean le Bouteiller. It took over 100 years for the Notre-Dame to be built completely. It was built in honour of Virgin Mary, making it a bishop’s church, a canon church and a baptistery. It is one of the main symbols of Paris. It", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-721043", "score": 0.6218027472496033, "text": "Waltrude Saint Waltrude (; ; ; ; died April 9, 688 AD) is the patron saint of Mons, Belgium, where she is known in French as Sainte Waudru, and of Herentals, Belgium, where she is known in Dutch as Sint-Waldetrudis or -Waltrudis. Both cities boast a large medieval church that bears her name. Married to the Count of Hainault, she raised four children. After her husband retired to an abbey, she herself became a nun in 656. She founded her own convent (Sainte-Waudru) and the city of Mons grew around it. Her biography celebrates her for \"the pious intention under", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-782651", "score": 0.6218027472496033, "text": "Waltrude Saint Waltrude (; ; ; ; died April 9, 688 AD) is the patron saint of Mons, Belgium, where she is known in French as Sainte Waudru, and of Herentals, Belgium, where she is known in Dutch as Sint-Waldetrudis or -Waltrudis. Both cities boast a large medieval church that bears her name. Married to the Count of Hainault, she raised four children. After her husband retired to an abbey, she herself became a nun in 656. She founded her own convent (Sainte-Waudru) and the city of Mons grew around it. Her biography celebrates her for \"the pious intention under", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1088742", "score": 0.621751070022583, "text": "22, the day of her death, the day ordinarily chosen as a saint's feast day. In the United States, her memorial (third-class feast in the extraordinary form) is celebrated on November 13, the day of her beatification, in order to avoid conflicting with the greater ferias of Advent. St. Frances Xavier Cabrini is the patron saint of immigrants, and of the religious institute, the Servants of the Lord and the Virgin of Matará, (Servidoras). Due to the overwhelming increase of pilgrims to her room at Chicago’s Columbus Hospital, the then-Archbishop of Chicago, Cardinal Samuel Stritch, consecrated a National Shrine built", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3569265", "score": 0.621751070022583, "text": "22, the day of her death, the day ordinarily chosen as a saint's feast day. In the United States, her memorial (third-class feast in the extraordinary form) is celebrated on November 13, the day of her beatification, in order to avoid conflicting with the greater ferias of Advent. St. Frances Xavier Cabrini is the patron saint of immigrants, and of the religious institute, the Servants of the Lord and the Virgin of Matará, (Servidoras). Due to the overwhelming increase of pilgrims to her room at Chicago’s Columbus Hospital, the then-Archbishop of Chicago, Cardinal Samuel Stritch, consecrated a National Shrine built", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-189", "score": 0.6343311667442322, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-49001", "score": 0.6024695038795471, "text": "Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the 136-acre (0.55 km2) former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus in West Haven, Connecticut, the buildings of which are now used as laboratory and research space. Yale also owns seven forests in Connecticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the largest of which is the 7,840-acre (31.7 km2) Yale-Myers Forest in Connecticut's Quiet Corner—and nature preserves including Horse Island.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-49002", "score": 0.6024695038795471, "text": "Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the 136-acre (0.55 km2) former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus in West Haven, Connecticut, the buildings of which are now used as laboratory and research space. Yale also owns seven forests in Connecticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the largest of which is the 7,840-acre (31.7 km2) Yale-Myers Forest in Connecticut's Quiet Corner—and nature preserves including Horse Island.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-49003", "score": 0.6024695038795471, "text": "Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the 136-acre (0.55 km2) former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus in West Haven, Connecticut, the buildings of which are now used as laboratory and research space. Yale also owns seven forests in Connecticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the largest of which is the 7,840-acre (31.7 km2) Yale-Myers Forest in Connecticut's Quiet Corner—and nature preserves including Horse Island.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-49004", "score": 0.6024695038795471, "text": "Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the 136-acre (0.55 km2) former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus in West Haven, Connecticut, the buildings of which are now used as laboratory and research space. Yale also owns seven forests in Connecticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the largest of which is the 7,840-acre (31.7 km2) Yale-Myers Forest in Connecticut's Quiet Corner—and nature preserves including Horse Island.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-49005", "score": 0.6024695038795471, "text": "Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the 136-acre (0.55 km2) former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus in West Haven, Connecticut, the buildings of which are now used as laboratory and research space. Yale also owns seven forests in Connecticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the largest of which is the 7,840-acre (31.7 km2) Yale-Myers Forest in Connecticut's Quiet Corner—and nature preserves including Horse Island.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-905967", "score": 0.6024347543716431, "text": "Main Building (University of Notre Dame) the summer of 1882 and the dome itself was finished in September. The statue of Mary atop the dome weighs 4,400 pounds and stands 18 feet 7 inches tall. It was a gift from the sisters, students, and alumnae of adjacent Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame's sister school. It replicates the pose of the statue of Mary on the Column of the Immaculate Conception in Piazza di Spagna in Rome, erected under Pius IX. It was designed by Chicago artist Giovanni Meli. The statue arrived on campus in July 1880 to replace the one that was destroyed in the fire.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-896583", "score": 0.602302610874176, "text": "Since the college became coeducational it has seen enrollment double from nearly 1,000 in 2001 to over 2,000 in 2010. In 2008, NDC began construction on two additional residence halls, North and South halls. The structures opened in 2009 at a cost of $15 million. Notre Dame College offers associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees and is divided into five Academic Divisions: The college also has three special programs and two interdisciplinary programs. NDC currently offers 30 majors in its bachelor's degree programs. It also offers an Associate in Arts degree in Pastoral Ministry. and a master's degree in", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-128", "score": 0.6010138392448425, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-129", "score": 0.6010138392448425, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-130", "score": 0.6010138392448425, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-131", "score": 0.6010138392448425, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-132", "score": 0.6010138392448425, "text": "In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1402168", "score": 0.6009352207183838, "text": "athletic facilities, so the school hosted dances for teenagers, inviting bands such as The Supremes that attracted patrons from Metro Detroit. Notre Dame High School (Harper Woods, Michigan) Notre Dame High School was a Catholic, all–male, non–residential college preparatory school in the Detroit suburb of Harper Woods, Michigan. It was closed in 2005, with 295 students, after more than 50 years due to budget concerns, according to the Archdiocese of Detroit. The school had about 300 students at the time of closure, down from almost 1000 during its peak enrollment levels. It was founded in 1954 and operated by the", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-803046", "score": 0.6003724932670593, "text": "Notre Dame Stadium arms, which are similar in appearance to the raised arms of a referee signifying a touchdown. The expansion of the stadium in the late 1990s partially obscured the view of the mural from the playing field. \"The Word of Life\" mural was a gift of Mr. and Mrs. Howard V. Phalin of Winnetka, Illinois. In January 2014, the University announced a $400 million enhancement of the stadium, the Campus Crossroads project. This expansion features 3, 8-story high buildings, on the west, south, and east sides of the stadium. The expansion added more than 750,000 square feet of teaching, research, and", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-3890543", "score": 0.5997720956802368, "text": "Washington National Cathedral Police The Protestant Episcopal Cathedral Foundation Police, commonly known as the Washington National Cathedral Police, is a small police force responsible for protecting the land of the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral Foundation, which mainly consists of the Washington National Cathedral in Washington, DC, in the United States. The 57-acre grounds of the Cathedral include three schools, a parish church, places of religious study, the bishop's house and administration, plus assorted other buildings, gardens and playing fields. The police force numbers around 20 officers, who are licensed as special police officers by the Metropolitan Police Department of the District", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3898331", "score": 0.5997470617294312, "text": "National Park Service \"System\" as a whole is considered to be a national treasure of the United States, and some of the more famous national parks and monuments are sometimes referred to metaphorically as \"crown jewels\". The system encompasses approximately 84.4 million acres (338,000 km²), of which more than 4.3 million acres (17,000 km²) remain in private ownership. The largest unit is Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, Alaska. At 13,200,000 acres (53,000 km²), it is over 16 percent of the entire system. The smallest unit in the system is Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial, Pennsylvania, at 0.02 acre (80 m²). In addition to", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-337627", "score": 0.5996198654174805, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-910860", "score": 0.5996198654174805, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1560191", "score": 0.5996198654174805, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3631436", "score": 0.5996198654174805, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-190", "score": 0.6246178150177002, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-65565", "score": 0.5921993851661682, "text": "During the 19th century, Paris was the home and subject for some of France's greatest writers, including Charles Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé, Mérimée, Alfred de Musset, Marcel Proust, Émile Zola, Alexandre Dumas, Gustave Flaubert, Guy de Maupassant and Honoré de Balzac. Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame inspired the renovation of its setting, the Notre-Dame de Paris. Another of Victor Hugo's works, Les Misérables, written while he was in exile outside France during the Second Empire, described the social change and political turmoil in Paris in the early 1830s. One of the most popular of all French writers, Jules Verne, worked at the Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange, while he did research for his stories at the National Library.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-65566", "score": 0.5921993851661682, "text": "During the 19th century, Paris was the home and subject for some of France's greatest writers, including Charles Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé, Mérimée, Alfred de Musset, Marcel Proust, Émile Zola, Alexandre Dumas, Gustave Flaubert, Guy de Maupassant and Honoré de Balzac. Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame inspired the renovation of its setting, the Notre-Dame de Paris. Another of Victor Hugo's works, Les Misérables, written while he was in exile outside France during the Second Empire, described the social change and political turmoil in Paris in the early 1830s. One of the most popular of all French writers, Jules Verne, worked at the Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange, while he did research for his stories at the National Library.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-65567", "score": 0.5921993851661682, "text": "During the 19th century, Paris was the home and subject for some of France's greatest writers, including Charles Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé, Mérimée, Alfred de Musset, Marcel Proust, Émile Zola, Alexandre Dumas, Gustave Flaubert, Guy de Maupassant and Honoré de Balzac. Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame inspired the renovation of its setting, the Notre-Dame de Paris. Another of Victor Hugo's works, Les Misérables, written while he was in exile outside France during the Second Empire, described the social change and political turmoil in Paris in the early 1830s. One of the most popular of all French writers, Jules Verne, worked at the Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange, while he did research for his stories at the National Library.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-65568", "score": 0.5921993851661682, "text": "During the 19th century, Paris was the home and subject for some of France's greatest writers, including Charles Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé, Mérimée, Alfred de Musset, Marcel Proust, Émile Zola, Alexandre Dumas, Gustave Flaubert, Guy de Maupassant and Honoré de Balzac. Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame inspired the renovation of its setting, the Notre-Dame de Paris. Another of Victor Hugo's works, Les Misérables, written while he was in exile outside France during the Second Empire, described the social change and political turmoil in Paris in the early 1830s. One of the most popular of all French writers, Jules Verne, worked at the Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange, while he did research for his stories at the National Library.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-65569", "score": 0.5921993851661682, "text": "During the 19th century, Paris was the home and subject for some of France's greatest writers, including Charles Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé, Mérimée, Alfred de Musset, Marcel Proust, Émile Zola, Alexandre Dumas, Gustave Flaubert, Guy de Maupassant and Honoré de Balzac. Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame inspired the renovation of its setting, the Notre-Dame de Paris. Another of Victor Hugo's works, Les Misérables, written while he was in exile outside France during the Second Empire, described the social change and political turmoil in Paris in the early 1830s. One of the most popular of all French writers, Jules Verne, worked at the Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange, while he did research for his stories at the National Library.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-851247", "score": 0.5918833613395691, "text": "and a 73-yard punt return for a touchdown in a 26-6 win at Purdue. Bill Mohn William Kirk Mohn (April 22, 1899 – 1952) was an American football player for the University of Notre Dame. He was born in South Bend, Indiana. In Knute Rockne's first year as the head football coach at Notre Dame in 1918, Mohn was the quarterback for a very thin squad that had been decimated due to the military enrollment for World War I. The team went 3-1-2 in a shortened season that was declared \"unofficial\" by the university. Among Mohn's career highlights were scoring", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1228550", "score": 0.5918164849281311, "text": "the 20th century was the success of Coney Island, which spurred the establishment of dozens of Electric Parks, Luna Parks, and White City amusement parks (the latter actually inspired by White City in the 1893 World's Columbian Exhibition in Chicago), with many metropolitan areas having two (or more) parks with these names. Most Electric Parks were owned by electric companies and trolley companies, which often had one or more lines that transported workers and shoppers between the downtown areas of the various cities and residential and industrial areas. (After 1900, interurban electric rail lines began carrying commuters from one city", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-754283", "score": 0.5917166471481323, "text": "Paris architecture of the Belle Époque Paris architecture of the Belle Époque The architecture of Paris created during the \"Belle Époque\", between 1871 and the beginning of the First World War in 1914, was notable for its variety of different styles, from neo-Byzantine and neo-Gothic to classicism, Art Nouveau and Art Deco. It was also known for its lavish decoration and its imaginative use of both new and traditional materials, including iron, plate glass, colored tile and reinforced concrete. Notable buildings and structures of the period include the Eiffel Tower, the Grand Palais, the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, the Gare de Lyon, the Bon Marché department store,", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-396648", "score": 0.5915693044662476, "text": "University of Notre Dame (1934-1939) fueled both material and academic expansion. During their tenures at Notre Dame, they brought numerous refugee and intellectuals to campus; such as W. B. Yeats, Frank H. Spearman, Jeremiah D. M. Ford, Irvin Abell, and Josephine Brownson for the Laetare Medal, instituted in 1883. O'Hara also concentrated on expanding the graduate school. New construction included Notre Dame Stadium, the law school building, Rockne Memorial, numerous residential halls, Cushing Hall of Engineering, a new heating plant, and more. This rapid expansion, which cost the University more than $2,800,000, was made possible in large part through football revenues. O'Hara strongly believed", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-14859", "score": 0.5912712216377258, "text": "In the 1820s, Boston's population grew rapidly, and the city's ethnic composition changed dramatically with the first wave of European immigrants. Irish immigrants dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Irish Potato Famine; by 1850, about 35,000 Irish lived in Boston. In the latter half of the 19th century, the city saw increasing numbers of Irish, Germans, Lebanese, Syrians, French Canadians, and Russian and Polish Jews settled in the city. By the end of the 19th century, Boston's core neighborhoods had become enclaves of ethnically distinct immigrants—Italians inhabited the North End, Irish dominated South Boston and Charlestown, and Russian Jews lived in the West End. Irish and Italian immigrants brought with them Roman Catholicism. Currently, Catholics make up Boston's largest religious community, and since the early 20th century, the Irish have played a major role in Boston politics—prominent figures include the Kennedys, Tip O'Neill, and John F. Fitzgerald.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-14860", "score": 0.5912712216377258, "text": "In the 1820s, Boston's population grew rapidly, and the city's ethnic composition changed dramatically with the first wave of European immigrants. Irish immigrants dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Irish Potato Famine; by 1850, about 35,000 Irish lived in Boston. In the latter half of the 19th century, the city saw increasing numbers of Irish, Germans, Lebanese, Syrians, French Canadians, and Russian and Polish Jews settled in the city. By the end of the 19th century, Boston's core neighborhoods had become enclaves of ethnically distinct immigrants—Italians inhabited the North End, Irish dominated South Boston and Charlestown, and Russian Jews lived in the West End. Irish and Italian immigrants brought with them Roman Catholicism. Currently, Catholics make up Boston's largest religious community, and since the early 20th century, the Irish have played a major role in Boston politics—prominent figures include the Kennedys, Tip O'Neill, and John F. Fitzgerald.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-14861", "score": 0.5912712216377258, "text": "In the 1820s, Boston's population grew rapidly, and the city's ethnic composition changed dramatically with the first wave of European immigrants. Irish immigrants dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Irish Potato Famine; by 1850, about 35,000 Irish lived in Boston. In the latter half of the 19th century, the city saw increasing numbers of Irish, Germans, Lebanese, Syrians, French Canadians, and Russian and Polish Jews settled in the city. By the end of the 19th century, Boston's core neighborhoods had become enclaves of ethnically distinct immigrants—Italians inhabited the North End, Irish dominated South Boston and Charlestown, and Russian Jews lived in the West End. Irish and Italian immigrants brought with them Roman Catholicism. Currently, Catholics make up Boston's largest religious community, and since the early 20th century, the Irish have played a major role in Boston politics—prominent figures include the Kennedys, Tip O'Neill, and John F. Fitzgerald.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-14862", "score": 0.5912712216377258, "text": "In the 1820s, Boston's population grew rapidly, and the city's ethnic composition changed dramatically with the first wave of European immigrants. Irish immigrants dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Irish Potato Famine; by 1850, about 35,000 Irish lived in Boston. In the latter half of the 19th century, the city saw increasing numbers of Irish, Germans, Lebanese, Syrians, French Canadians, and Russian and Polish Jews settled in the city. By the end of the 19th century, Boston's core neighborhoods had become enclaves of ethnically distinct immigrants—Italians inhabited the North End, Irish dominated South Boston and Charlestown, and Russian Jews lived in the West End. Irish and Italian immigrants brought with them Roman Catholicism. Currently, Catholics make up Boston's largest religious community, and since the early 20th century, the Irish have played a major role in Boston politics—prominent figures include the Kennedys, Tip O'Neill, and John F. Fitzgerald.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-14863", "score": 0.5912712216377258, "text": "In the 1820s, Boston's population grew rapidly, and the city's ethnic composition changed dramatically with the first wave of European immigrants. Irish immigrants dominated the first wave of newcomers during this period, especially following the Irish Potato Famine; by 1850, about 35,000 Irish lived in Boston. In the latter half of the 19th century, the city saw increasing numbers of Irish, Germans, Lebanese, Syrians, French Canadians, and Russian and Polish Jews settled in the city. By the end of the 19th century, Boston's core neighborhoods had become enclaves of ethnically distinct immigrants—Italians inhabited the North End, Irish dominated South Boston and Charlestown, and Russian Jews lived in the West End. Irish and Italian immigrants brought with them Roman Catholicism. Currently, Catholics make up Boston's largest religious community, and since the early 20th century, the Irish have played a major role in Boston politics—prominent figures include the Kennedys, Tip O'Neill, and John F. Fitzgerald.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2167407", "score": 0.5909147262573242, "text": "Vergara who later played for the Green Bay Packers and his career ended with a neck injury. Later he became the Mayor of New Rochelle, New York. Four Horsemen (American football) The Four Horsemen of Notre Dame comprised a group of American football players at the University of Notre Dame under coach Knute Rockne. They were the backfield of Notre Dame's 1924 football team. The players that made up this group were Harry Stuhldreher, Don Miller, Jim Crowley, and Elmer Layden. In 1924, a nickname coined by sportswriter Grantland Rice and the actions of a student publicity aide transformed the", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1511715", "score": 0.5905818343162537, "text": "Cork Hill District French's, also moved to the area. The family of industrialists were also patrons of the arts and literature in the city. Alice French, whose pen name was Octave Thanet, was known as the first Iowa author with a national reputation. The Irish started moving to Davenport after the Great Famine in Ireland of the 1840s and 1850s. Because large numbers of Irish immigrants settled around St. Margaret's Church, the area became known as Cork Hill. Many of the Irish who located here were laborers who worked for the railroads or in the mills along the Mississippi River. Most of the", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-337627", "score": 0.590149998664856, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-910860", "score": 0.590149998664856, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1560191", "score": 0.590149998664856, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3631436", "score": 0.590149998664856, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-191", "score": 0.6991256475448608, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2207795", "score": 0.6525475978851318, "text": "University of Notre Dame By 1925 enrollment had increased to 2,500 students, of which 1,471 lived on campus. One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3406296", "score": 0.6514336466789246, "text": "favored Army 35-13 at West Point thanks to a barrage of Dorais-to-Rockne long downfield passes. The game played an important role in displaying the potency of the forward pass and \"open offense\" and convinced many coaches to add pass plays to their play books. The game is dramatized in the movies \"Knute Rockne, All American\" and \"The Long Gray Line\". Rockne's coaching tree includes: Knute Rockne Knute Kenneth Rockne ( ; March 4, 1888 – March 31, 1931) was a Norwegian-American football player and coach at the University of Notre Dame. Rockne is regarded as one of the greatest coaches", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1597737", "score": 0.6424131393432617, "text": "Notre Dame Box The Notre Dame Box is a variation of the single-wing formation used in American football, with great success by Notre Dame in college football and the Green Bay Packers of the 1920s and 1930s in the NFL. Green Bay's coach, Curly Lambeau, learned the Notre Dame Box while playing for Knute Rockne in the late 1910s. Rockne learned it from Jesse Harper, who learned it from coach Amos Alonzo Stagg. It contained two tight ends, and 4 backs. The formation often featured an \"unbalanced line\" where the center (that is, the player who snapped the ball) was", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-239", "score": 0.6385329365730286, "text": "George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916–20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and \"win one for the Gipper.\" The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52–21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35–27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-240", "score": 0.6385329365730286, "text": "George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916–20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and \"win one for the Gipper.\" The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52–21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35–27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-241", "score": 0.6385329365730286, "text": "George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916–20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and \"win one for the Gipper.\" The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52–21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35–27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-242", "score": 0.6385329365730286, "text": "George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916–20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and \"win one for the Gipper.\" The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52–21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35–27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-243", "score": 0.6385329365730286, "text": "George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916–20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and \"win one for the Gipper.\" The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52–21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35–27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3638948", "score": 0.6371200680732727, "text": "1921 Iowa Hawkeyes football team the Hawkeyes and the Catholics. Notre Dame had a twenty-game winning streak, having gone 9–0 in 1919 and 1920. The Catholics had already beaten Kalamazoo and DePauw in 1921 by a combined score of 113–10. Notre Dame coach Knute Rockne, widely regarded as the greatest football coach of all time, made a famous and unprecedented decision before the game. The navy uniforms of his team were too similar in color to the black uniforms of the Hawkeyes, so Rockne decided to use green uniforms instead. Fifty-six years later, Notre Dame coach Dan Devine decided to use green uniforms for the", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2169117", "score": 0.6350547075271606, "text": "Fordham Rams football Army, Fordham is still best known for their famous \"Seven Blocks of Granite.\" It was a name given to the team's 1929/1930 and 1936/1937 impenetrable offensive lines. The 1936 team was coached by \"Sleepy\" Jim Crowley, one of the famed \"Four Horsemen\" that brought Notre Dame glory during the early 1920s. Aside from Notre Dame-inspired gold helmets, Crowley also brought an all-Notre Dame staff with him to Rose Hill. This included line coach Frank Leahy, who later returned to South Bend and became arguably, the greatest college head coach ever. Vince Lombardi, who later became arguably the greatest NFL head", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3513780", "score": 0.6346148252487183, "text": "Fordham Rams football Army, Fordham is still best known for their famous \"Seven Blocks of Granite.\" It was a name given to the team's 1929/1930 and 1936/1937 impenetrable offensive lines. The 1936 team was coached by \"Sleepy\" Jim Crowley, one of the famed \"Four Horsemen\" that brought Notre Dame glory during the early 1920s. Aside from Notre Dame-inspired gold helmets, Crowley also brought an all-Notre Dame staff with him to Rose Hill. This included line coach Frank Leahy, who later returned to South Bend and became arguably, the greatest college head coach ever. Vince Lombardi, who later became arguably the greatest NFL head", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-234", "score": 0.6340293288230896, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-235", "score": 0.6340293288230896, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-236", "score": 0.6340293288230896, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-237", "score": 0.6340293288230896, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-238", "score": 0.6340293288230896, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3516509", "score": 0.6331586837768555, "text": "Four Horsemen (American football) The Four Horsemen of Notre Dame comprised a group of American football players at the University of Notre Dame under coach Knute Rockne. They were the backfield of Notre Dame's 1924 football team. The players that made up this group were Harry Stuhldreher, Don Miller, Jim Crowley, and Elmer Layden. In 1924, a nickname coined by sportswriter Grantland Rice and the actions of a student publicity aide transformed the Notre Dame backfield of Stuhldreher, Crowley, Miller, and Layden into one of the most noted groups of collegiate athletes in football history, the Four Horsemen of Notre", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1096594", "score": 0.6315433979034424, "text": "Aubrey Devine and was again selected as the first-team quarterback on several All-Big Ten and All-Western football teams. Devine was the team captain and starting quarterback of the undefeated 1921 Iowa football team. In the second game of the season, Iowa faced Notre Dame, coached by Knute Rockne. It was Iowa's first meeting with Notre Dame. Notre Dame's captain was Eddie Anderson, who later served as head football coach at Iowa for eight seasons between 1939 and 1949. The Irish had not lost a game since 1918, a span of 20 straight wins. Devine kicked the game-winning field goal as Iowa pulled", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3481957", "score": 0.630302369594574, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1591244", "score": 0.6300362944602966, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-192", "score": 0.6696111559867859, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3595307", "score": 0.6330281496047974, "text": "San Francisco Dons The San Francisco Dons is the nickname of the athletic teams at the University of San Francisco (USF). The Dons compete in NCAA Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) as members of the West Coast Conference (WCC), of which USF is a charter member. Athletics at USF dates back to its founding in 1855, when founder Anthony Maraschi, S.J. organized ball games as recreation for the first students. However, intercollegiate competition only dates back to 1907, when then-Saint Ignatius College began playing organized baseball, basketball, and rugby against other local colleges and high schools.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1624498", "score": 0.6325646638870239, "text": "College athletics College athletics encompasses non-professional, collegiate and university-level competitive sports and games. The first World University Games were held in 1923. There were originally called the \"Union Nationale des Étudiants Français\". In 1957, following several previous renames, they became known in English as the World University Games. College athletics is a major enterprise in the United States, with more than 400,000 student athletes competing annually. The largest programs participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), while other programs compete in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) and the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). Amongst many other", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2268590", "score": 0.6325646638870239, "text": "College athletics College athletics encompasses non-professional, collegiate and university-level competitive sports and games. The first World University Games were held in 1923. There were originally called the \"Union Nationale des Étudiants Français\". In 1957, following several previous renames, they became known in English as the World University Games. College athletics is a major enterprise in the United States, with more than 400,000 student athletes competing annually. The largest programs participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), while other programs compete in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) and the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). Amongst many other", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-3513350", "score": 0.6321074366569519, "text": "been ranked by \"The New York Times\" and \"Forbes\" as one of the more diverse colleges in the United States. St. Francis College has 19 athletic teams that compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Terriers. SFC's teams participate in the Northeast Conference, with the exception of the men's and women's water polo teams which compete in the CWPA and the MAAC, respectively. In 1858 Brother John McMahon, O.S.F. and Brother Vincent Hayes, O.S.F. from the Roundstone Monastery in Ireland came to the United States to begin work on establishing an academy dedicated to educating", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1802644", "score": 0.629637598991394, "text": "his/her graduating class upon freshman orientation. Saint Francis University also runs a campus at Ambialet France in the Midi-Pyrénées. All classes are in English. Athletically, Saint Francis competes in the NCAA's Northeast Conference. Their nickname is the Red Flash. The University has a total of 22 varsity sports teams, with nine men's teams and 13 women's programs all competing in NCAA Division I. Men's sports include basketball, cross country, football, golf, soccer, tennis, and track & field competing in the Northeast Conference and volleyball, which competes in the Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (EIVA); while women's sports include basketball, bowling, cross", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-3246088", "score": 0.629637598991394, "text": "his/her graduating class upon freshman orientation. Saint Francis University also runs a campus at Ambialet France in the Midi-Pyrénées. All classes are in English. Athletically, Saint Francis competes in the NCAA's Northeast Conference. Their nickname is the Red Flash. The University has a total of 22 varsity sports teams, with nine men's teams and 13 women's programs all competing in NCAA Division I. Men's sports include basketball, cross country, football, golf, soccer, tennis, and track & field competing in the Northeast Conference and volleyball, which competes in the Eastern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (EIVA); while women's sports include basketball, bowling, cross", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2258529", "score": 0.628577709197998, "text": "(MCCC). Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, soccer, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cheerleading, cross country, dance, golf, soccer, softball, tennis, track & field and volleyball. University of Saint Francis (Indiana) The University of Saint Francis (USF) is a liberal arts university located in Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States. Affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church, the university promotes Catholic and Franciscan values. The school's 2017–18 enrollment was 2,364 undergraduate and graduate students, the majority of whom come from states in the American Midwest, primarily Indiana, Michigan, Illinois and Ohio. The University of", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-888672", "score": 0.6275384426116943, "text": "league. The most notable current example of such an arrangement involves the University of Notre Dame and the Atlantic Coast Conference. In 2013, Notre Dame joined the ACC as a full but non-football member, wishing to retain its status as an FBS independent in football. Notre Dame and the ACC agreed that in football, the Fighting Irish would play five games each season against other ACC schools, and also would play each ACC school at least once every three years. Scheduling alliance A scheduling alliance is agreement among independent college athletic teams to guarantee a set number of games to", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-576085", "score": 0.6272785067558289, "text": "American Athletic Conference The American Athletic Conference (also known as The American and AAC) is an American collegiate athletic conference, featuring 12 member universities and six associate member universities that compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) Division I, with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). Member universities represent a range of private and public universities of various enrollment sizes located primarily in urban metropolitan areas in the Northeastern, Midwestern, and Southern regions of the United States. The American's legal predecessor, the original Big East Conference, was considered one of the six collegiate power conferences", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3057997", "score": 0.6270084381103516, "text": "Boylan Catholic High School Association (IHSA); the association which governs most sports and competitive activities in the state. Boys teams are stylized as the Titans, while women's teams are stylized as the Lady Titans. The school sponsors interscholastic teams for both young men and women in basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, soccer, swimming & diving, soccer, tennis, volleyball and track & field. Men may compete in baseball, football, and wrestling, while young women may compete in Soccer, swimming, basketball,track, cross country, golf, bowling, tennis, volleyball, cheerleading and softball. While not sponsored by the IHSA, the school also sponsors a dance team for young women.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-950715", "score": 0.6264277100563049, "text": "as a \"selective liberal arts college.\" The college is also a member of the Association of Independent Kentucky Colleges and Universities. The student government of Thomas More College serves as the official representative of the student body. It is governed by its constitution and consists of an executive board, delegates at-large, and associates. The president of the Student Government Association receives a full-voting membership on the Thomas More University Board of Trustees. The Thomas More University sports teams are called the Saints. They compete in the NCAA's Division III in the American Collegiate Athletic Association. The following sports are offered:", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2974011", "score": 0.6263991594314575, "text": "American Athletic Conference The American Athletic Conference (also known as The American and AAC) is an American collegiate athletic conference, featuring 12 member universities and six associate member universities that compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) Division I, with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). Member universities represent a range of private and public universities of various enrollment sizes located primarily in urban metropolitan areas in the Northeastern, Midwestern, and Southern regions of the United States. The American's legal predecessor, the original Big East Conference, was considered one of the six collegiate power conferences", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3641251", "score": 0.6260225176811218, "text": "spending years in the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). The Fighting Tigers are primarily a member of the North Eastern Athletic Conference (NEAC) for all sports, with the exception of equestrian which competes in the Intercollegiate Horse Show Association (IHSA) and track & field which competes in the New York State College Track Conference (NYSCTC). Men's sports include: basketball, cross country, equestrian, golf, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, and track & field; while women's sports include: basketball, cross country, equestrian, golf, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, track & field, and volleyball. State University of New York at Cobleskill State", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-185", "score": 0.6251834630966187, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-186", "score": 0.6251834630966187, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-187", "score": 0.6251834630966187, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-188", "score": 0.6251834630966187, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-189", "score": 0.6251834630966187, "text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-721142", "score": 0.6230019330978394, "text": "Army Black Knights The Army Black Knights are the athletic teams that represent the United States Military Academy. In sports contexts, the teams are commonly referred to as simply Army. They participate in NCAA Division I-A as a non-football member of the Patriot League, a Division I Football Bowl Subdivision independent school and a member of Atlantic Hockey, the Collegiate Sprint Football League (men), the Eastern Intercollegiate Gymnastics League (men), the Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association, the Great America Rifle Conference, the National Collegiate Boxing Association, the National Collegiate Paintball Association and the National Intercollegiate Women's Fencing Association. Army is also", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-706057", "score": 0.6217002868652344, "text": "College athletics in the United States College athletics in the United States or college sports in the United States refers primarily to sports and athletic competition organized and funded by institutions of tertiary education (universities, or colleges in American English). In the United States, college athletics is a two-tiered system. The first tier includes the sports that are sanctioned by one of the collegiate sport governing bodies. The major sanctioning organizations include the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) and the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). Individual sports not governed by umbrella organizations", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-193", "score": 0.7350007891654968, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-982321", "score": 0.6966831684112549, "text": "as 1964 Heisman Trophy winner John Huarte, 1970 Heisman runner-up Joe Theismann, Steve Beuerlein, Jimmy Clausen and Jarious Jackson. In 2011, both Michigan and Notre Dame wore throwback uniforms in their game against each other. For the Shamrock Series games Notre Dame and their outfitters have announced that the school will wear specially-designed helmets, jerseys, and pants. Notre Dame Stadium is the home football stadium for the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team. Located on the southeast part of the university's campus in Notre Dame, Indiana and with a seating capacity of 77,622, Notre Dame Stadium is one", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-4041540", "score": 0.6966831684112549, "text": "as 1964 Heisman Trophy winner John Huarte, 1970 Heisman runner-up Joe Theismann, Steve Beuerlein, Jimmy Clausen and Jarious Jackson. In 2011, both Michigan and Notre Dame wore throwback uniforms in their game against each other. For the Shamrock Series games Notre Dame and their outfitters have announced that the school will wear specially-designed helmets, jerseys, and pants. Notre Dame Stadium is the home football stadium for the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team. Located on the southeast part of the university's campus in Notre Dame, Indiana and with a seating capacity of 77,622, Notre Dame Stadium is one", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-39", "score": 0.6935074925422668, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-40", "score": 0.6935074925422668, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-41", "score": 0.6935074925422668, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-42", "score": 0.6935074925422668, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-43", "score": 0.6935074925422668, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-549582", "score": 0.69282066822052, "text": "to Great Lakes, Notre Dame was awarded its first national title by the Associated Press. 1943 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 1943 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1943 college football season. The Irish, coached by Frank Leahy, ended the season with 9 wins and 1 loss, winning the national championship. The 1943 team became the fourth Irish team to win the national title and the first for Frank Leahy. Led by Notre Dame's first Heisman Trophy winner, Angelo Bertelli, Notre Dame beat seven teams ranked in the top 13", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.692771315574646, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.692771315574646, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.692771315574646, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.692771315574646, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.692771315574646, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1028352", "score": 0.6924373507499695, "text": "1943 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 1943 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1943 college football season. The Irish, coached by Frank Leahy, ended the season with 9 wins and 1 loss, winning the national championship. The 1943 team became the fourth Irish team to win the national title and the first for Frank Leahy. Led by Notre Dame's first Heisman Trophy winner, Angelo Bertelli, Notre Dame beat seven teams ranked in the top 13 and played seven of its ten games on the road. Despite a season ending loss", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-128994", "score": 0.6882641911506653, "text": "Notre Dame Fighting Irish to not proceed occurring at the \"11th hour.\" The school has a comprehensive and nationally competitive Division I athletic program, but it is most famous for its football program. Notre Dame fielded its first football team in 1887. With eleven football championships acknowledged by the NCAA, over 800 all-time wins, seven Heisman Trophy winners, famous head coaches, a 73.6% winning percentage and the most consensus All-Americans of any school, Notre Dame football is one of the most storied programs both on the gridiron and college athletics in general. Recently, Notre Dame has struggled, going through several head coaches and setting", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-831154", "score": 0.6882641911506653, "text": "Notre Dame Fighting Irish to not proceed occurring at the \"11th hour.\" The school has a comprehensive and nationally competitive Division I athletic program, but it is most famous for its football program. Notre Dame fielded its first football team in 1887. With eleven football championships acknowledged by the NCAA, over 800 all-time wins, seven Heisman Trophy winners, famous head coaches, a 73.6% winning percentage and the most consensus All-Americans of any school, Notre Dame football is one of the most storied programs both on the gridiron and college athletics in general. Recently, Notre Dame has struggled, going through several head coaches and setting", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3267967", "score": 0.686714768409729, "text": "1924 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 1924 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1924 college football season. Coached by Knute Rockne and featuring the \"Four Horsemen\" backfield of Harry Stuhldreher, Don Miller, Jim Crowley, and Elmer Layden, Notre Dame won all ten games, including a victory over Stanford in the Rose Bowl. The team was recognized as the consensus national champion, receiving retroactive national championship honors from the Berryman QPRS system, Billingsley Report, Boand System, Dickinson System, College Football Researchers Association, Helms Athletic Foundation, Houlgate System, National Championship Foundation, Poling", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3745863", "score": 0.6859230995178223, "text": "Terry Brennan 1933 and the worst in the history of the school. The lone bright spot was Paul Hornung, who won the Heisman Trophy. Many fans called for Brennan's ouster, but the young coach was retained. One thing that worked against Brennan was a movement by school administrators to put more emphasis on academics and less on athletics, leading to the popular notion that Notre Dame had deemphasized football. Consequently, Brennan had to make do with players of lesser talent than in previous years, with a limit of 20 football scholarships per class, while continuing to play tough schedules. While academics had", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1591244", "score": 0.6855869889259338, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-3481957", "score": 0.6854599118232727, "text": "History of the University of Notre Dame By 1921, with the addition of the College of Commerce, Notre Dame had grown from a small college to a university with five colleges and a professional law school. The university continued to expand and add new residence halls and buildings with each subsequent president. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-194", "score": 0.712072491645813, "text": "Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and is considered one of the most famed and successful college football teams in history. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight song." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2577859", "score": 0.6709406971931458, "text": "Notre Dame–USC football rivalry USC championships. Moreover, both schools are acclaimed for their All-Americans (101 for Notre Dame and 80 for USC), College Football Hall of Famers (52 from Notre Dame and 35 from USC), and Pro Football Hall of Famers (13 from Notre Dame and 12 from USC). The rivals account for the highest numbers of players taken in the NFL Draft of any school; USC has had 502 players taken and Notre Dame has had 495. No rivalry in college football accounts for as many combined honours. The teams play for the Jeweled Shillelagh, a trophy that goes home with the winning", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1356281", "score": 0.6708670854568481, "text": "Notre Dame–USC football rivalry USC championships. Moreover, both schools are acclaimed for their All-Americans (101 for Notre Dame and 80 for USC), College Football Hall of Famers (52 from Notre Dame and 35 from USC), and Pro Football Hall of Famers (13 from Notre Dame and 12 from USC). The rivals account for the highest numbers of players taken in the NFL Draft of any school; USC has had 502 players taken and Notre Dame has had 495. No rivalry in college football accounts for as many combined honours. The teams play for the Jeweled Shillelagh, a trophy that goes home with the winning", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1806742", "score": 0.6702525019645691, "text": "27 grandchildren, and sixteen great-grandchildren. Brennan is a member of the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame and was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1981. Terry Brennan Terence Patrick Brennan (born June 11, 1928) is a former American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Notre Dame from 1954 to 1958, compiling a record of 32–18. A native of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and a standout multi-sport athlete at Marquette University High School, Brennan played halfback at Notre Dame from 1945 to 1948, graduating in 1949. After graduating from Notre Dame,", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-514605", "score": 0.6696291565895081, "text": "27 grandchildren, and sixteen great-grandchildren. Brennan is a member of the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame and was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1981. Terry Brennan Terence Patrick Brennan (born June 11, 1928) is a former American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Notre Dame from 1954 to 1958, compiling a record of 32–18. A native of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and a standout multi-sport athlete at Marquette University High School, Brennan played halfback at Notre Dame from 1945 to 1948, graduating in 1949. After graduating from Notre Dame,", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-446866", "score": 0.6685250401496887, "text": "University of Notre Dame the national stage in the early 20th century; the team an Independent with no conference affiliation, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame, and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Other ND sport teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 17 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as one of the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight songs. Started as a small all-male institution in 1842 and chartered in 1844, Notre Dame reached international fame at the beginning of", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.666221022605896, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.666221022605896, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.666221022605896, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.666221022605896, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.666221022605896, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2207795", "score": 0.6628838181495667, "text": "University of Notre Dame By 1925 enrollment had increased to 2,500 students, of which 1,471 lived on campus. One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp and the \"Four Horsemen\". Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage (.881) in NCAA Division", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1104648", "score": 0.6548708081245422, "text": "January 28, 2013. Sections of the architecture are reminiscent of a football in shape. The facility is and contains approximately of exhibit and event space, interactive displays and a 45-yard indoor football field. Atlanta Hall Management operates the College Football Hall of Fame. As of 2018, there are 997 players and 217 coaches enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame, representing 308 schools. The National Football Foundation outlines specific criteria that may be used for evaluating a possible candidate for induction into the Hall of Fame. The eligibility criteria have changed over time, and have occasionally led to criticism.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1538708", "score": 0.6548708081245422, "text": "January 28, 2013. Sections of the architecture are reminiscent of a football in shape. The facility is and contains approximately of exhibit and event space, interactive displays and a 45-yard indoor football field. Atlanta Hall Management operates the College Football Hall of Fame. As of 2018, there are 997 players and 217 coaches enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame, representing 308 schools. The National Football Foundation outlines specific criteria that may be used for evaluating a possible candidate for induction into the Hall of Fame. The eligibility criteria have changed over time, and have occasionally led to criticism.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1879955", "score": 0.6548708081245422, "text": "January 28, 2013. Sections of the architecture are reminiscent of a football in shape. The facility is and contains approximately of exhibit and event space, interactive displays and a 45-yard indoor football field. Atlanta Hall Management operates the College Football Hall of Fame. As of 2018, there are 997 players and 217 coaches enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame, representing 308 schools. The National Football Foundation outlines specific criteria that may be used for evaluating a possible candidate for induction into the Hall of Fame. The eligibility criteria have changed over time, and have occasionally led to criticism.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2491512", "score": 0.6548708081245422, "text": "January 28, 2013. Sections of the architecture are reminiscent of a football in shape. The facility is and contains approximately of exhibit and event space, interactive displays and a 45-yard indoor football field. Atlanta Hall Management operates the College Football Hall of Fame. As of 2018, there are 997 players and 217 coaches enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame, representing 308 schools. The National Football Foundation outlines specific criteria that may be used for evaluating a possible candidate for induction into the Hall of Fame. The eligibility criteria have changed over time, and have occasionally led to criticism.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-476464", "score": 0.6548100709915161, "text": "January 28, 2013. Sections of the architecture are reminiscent of a football in shape. The facility is and contains approximately of exhibit and event space, interactive displays and a 45-yard indoor football field. Atlanta Hall Management operates the College Football Hall of Fame. As of 2018, there are 997 players and 217 coaches enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame, representing 308 schools. The National Football Foundation outlines specific criteria that may be used for evaluating a possible candidate for induction into the Hall of Fame. The eligibility criteria have changed over time, and have occasionally led to criticism.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3074410", "score": 0.6548100709915161, "text": "January 28, 2013. Sections of the architecture are reminiscent of a football in shape. The facility is and contains approximately of exhibit and event space, interactive displays and a 45-yard indoor football field. Atlanta Hall Management operates the College Football Hall of Fame. As of 2018, there are 997 players and 217 coaches enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame, representing 308 schools. The National Football Foundation outlines specific criteria that may be used for evaluating a possible candidate for induction into the Hall of Fame. The eligibility criteria have changed over time, and have occasionally led to criticism.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-73", "score": 0.6540936827659607, "text": "In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which \"Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative.\" It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where \"Everyone Plays Intramural Sports.\" The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-74", "score": 0.6540936827659607, "text": "In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which \"Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative.\" It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where \"Everyone Plays Intramural Sports.\" The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-75", "score": 0.6540936827659607, "text": "In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which \"Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative.\" It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where \"Everyone Plays Intramural Sports.\" The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.6853116154670715, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2258529", "score": 0.6504101753234863, "text": "(MCCC). Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, soccer, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cheerleading, cross country, dance, golf, soccer, softball, tennis, track & field and volleyball. University of Saint Francis (Indiana) The University of Saint Francis (USF) is a liberal arts university located in Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States. Affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church, the university promotes Catholic and Franciscan values. The school's 2017–18 enrollment was 2,364 undergraduate and graduate students, the majority of whom come from states in the American Midwest, primarily Indiana, Michigan, Illinois and Ohio. The University of", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-353148", "score": 0.648757815361023, "text": "University of Notre Dame the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1460; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent (2014) capital campaign raised $2.014 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education and was the largest of any University", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2359063", "score": 0.6487547755241394, "text": "Learning Community, which states, \"We embrace the gift of diversity.\" Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2442093", "score": 0.6486425399780273, "text": "7% of all colleges and universities in The United States. Franciscan University of Steubenville Franciscan University of Steubenville is a private Catholic university in Steubenville, Ohio. The university had 2,716 students as of fall 2015, including 2,454 students on campus, in 40 undergraduate and 8 graduate degree programs. The student body is 97 percent Catholic and the university has the greatest number of students majoring in theology, catechetics, and philosophy of any Catholic university in the United States. The school was established as the College of Steubenville in 1946 by the Franciscan Friars of the Third Order Regular at the", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1242084", "score": 0.6464828848838806, "text": "University of Notre Dame a dorm room. The library system holds over three million volumes, was the single largest university library in the world upon its completion, and remains one of the 100 largest libraries in the country. Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2018 admitting 3,610 from a pool of 20,371 (17.7% acceptance rate in 2018). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. Of the most recent class, the Class of 2020, 48% were in the top 1%", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1277634", "score": 0.6463972926139832, "text": "Notre Dame. Dwyer is a graduate of Notre Dame, a composer, band leader, and former high school band teacher who was named best trombonist twice when he participated in the festival earlier in his career. Notre Dame Collegiate Jazz Festival The Notre Dame Collegiate Jazz Festival is the oldest jazz festival in the U.S. It takes place every spring at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. The university invites college bands and professional jazz musicians from throughout the country to participate in the weekend event. In 2016, a female panel of judges was chosen for the first", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2719620", "score": 0.6463972926139832, "text": "Notre Dame. Dwyer is a graduate of Notre Dame, a composer, band leader, and former high school band teacher who was named best trombonist twice when he participated in the festival earlier in his career. Notre Dame Collegiate Jazz Festival The Notre Dame Collegiate Jazz Festival is the oldest jazz festival in the U.S. It takes place every spring at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. The university invites college bands and professional jazz musicians from throughout the country to participate in the weekend event. In 2016, a female panel of judges was chosen for the first", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-219", "score": 0.6459767818450928, "text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-220", "score": 0.6459767818450928, "text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-221", "score": 0.6459767818450928, "text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-222", "score": 0.6459767818450928, "text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-223", "score": 0.6459767818450928, "text": "Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83 to 1985-86, and again from 1987-88 to 1994-95, and then in the Big East Conference through 2012–13. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer, swimming & diving, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field and volleyball. The football team competes as an Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) Independent since its inception in 1887. Both fencing teams compete in the Midwest Fencing Conference, and the men's ice hockey team competes in Hockey East.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1152860", "score": 0.6424626708030701, "text": "University of Delaware The University of Delaware (colloquially UD, UDel, or U of D) is a public research university located in Newark, Delaware. University of Delaware is the largest university in Delaware. UD currently offers more than 135 undergraduate degrees. At the graduate level, it offers 67 doctoral, 142 master’s degree programs, 14 dual degrees, 15 interdisciplinary programs, 12 on-line programs, and 28 certificate programs across its seven colleges and more than 82 research centers and institutes. UD is one of the top 100 institutions for federal obligations in science and engineering and interdisciplinary initiatives in energy science and policy,", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2023781", "score": 0.6424626708030701, "text": "University of Delaware The University of Delaware (colloquially UD, UDel, or U of D) is a public research university located in Newark, Delaware. University of Delaware is the largest university in Delaware. UD currently offers more than 135 undergraduate degrees. At the graduate level, it offers 67 doctoral, 142 master’s degree programs, 14 dual degrees, 15 interdisciplinary programs, 12 on-line programs, and 28 certificate programs across its seven colleges and more than 82 research centers and institutes. UD is one of the top 100 institutions for federal obligations in science and engineering and interdisciplinary initiatives in energy science and policy,", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2758422", "score": 0.6424626708030701, "text": "University of Delaware The University of Delaware (colloquially UD, UDel, or U of D) is a public research university located in Newark, Delaware. University of Delaware is the largest university in Delaware. UD currently offers more than 135 undergraduate degrees. At the graduate level, it offers 67 doctoral, 142 master’s degree programs, 14 dual degrees, 15 interdisciplinary programs, 12 on-line programs, and 28 certificate programs across its seven colleges and more than 82 research centers and institutes. UD is one of the top 100 institutions for federal obligations in science and engineering and interdisciplinary initiatives in energy science and policy,", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3964232", "score": 0.6424626708030701, "text": "University of Delaware The University of Delaware (colloquially UD, UDel, or U of D) is a public research university located in Newark, Delaware. University of Delaware is the largest university in Delaware. UD currently offers more than 135 undergraduate degrees. At the graduate level, it offers 67 doctoral, 142 master’s degree programs, 14 dual degrees, 15 interdisciplinary programs, 12 on-line programs, and 28 certificate programs across its seven colleges and more than 82 research centers and institutes. UD is one of the top 100 institutions for federal obligations in science and engineering and interdisciplinary initiatives in energy science and policy,", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3980925", "score": 0.6419910788536072, "text": "Notre Dame, Indiana Notre Dame is a census-designated place north of South Bend in St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It includes the campuses of three colleges: the University of Notre Dame, Saint Mary's College, and Holy Cross College. Notre Dame is split between Clay and Portage Townships. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,973. Holy Cross Village at Notre Dame is a retirement community offering continuing care in Notre Dame, Indiana. It is owned by the Brothers of Holy Cross and managed by the Franciscan Sisters of Chicago Service Corporation. Notre Dame, Indiana, is", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1653359", "score": 0.6413323879241943, "text": "nations, the United States now provides the least economic opportunity and mobility for its citizens. The rankings were also created to combat the rising costs of tuition, much of which is attributed to the efforts of some colleges to increase their own fame and wealth in ways that increase their rank in media periodicals that put an emphasis on such measures. According to the SMI, the top five colleges are Montana Tech, Rowan University, Florida A&M, Cal Poly Pomona, and Cal State Northridge. The magazine U.S. News & World Report's college and university rankings have been compiled since 1983. The", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1256073", "score": 0.6409964561462402, "text": "Villanova University Villanova University is a private research university in Radnor Township, Pennsylvania. Named after Saint Thomas of Villanova, the school is the oldest Catholic university in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Founded in 1842 by the Order of Saint Augustine, the university traces its roots to old Saint Augustine's Church, Philadelphia, which the Augustinian friars founded in 1796, and to its parish school, Saint Augustine's Academy, which was established in 1811. \"U.S. News & World Report\" ranks Villanova as tied for the 46th best National University in the U.S. for 2018. The university is a member of the Augustinian Secondary", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-17894", "score": 0.6388614773750305, "text": "The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, and the special education program second, by U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings. USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.7271333336830139, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2373303", "score": 0.6894713044166565, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3363303", "score": 0.6894713044166565, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3449983", "score": 0.6894381642341614, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-73", "score": 0.6892381310462952, "text": "In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which \"Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative.\" It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where \"Everyone Plays Intramural Sports.\" The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-74", "score": 0.6892381310462952, "text": "In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which \"Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative.\" It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where \"Everyone Plays Intramural Sports.\" The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-75", "score": 0.6892381310462952, "text": "In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which \"Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative.\" It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where \"Everyone Plays Intramural Sports.\" The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-76", "score": 0.6892381310462952, "text": "In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which \"Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative.\" It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where \"Everyone Plays Intramural Sports.\" The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-77", "score": 0.6892381310462952, "text": "In 2014 the Notre Dame student body consisted of 12,179 students, with 8,448 undergraduates, 2,138 graduate and professional and 1,593 professional (Law, M.Div., Business, M.Ed.) students. Around 21–24% of students are children of alumni, and although 37% of students come from the Midwestern United States, the student body represents all 50 states and 100 countries. As of March 2007[update] The Princeton Review ranked the school as the fifth highest 'dream school' for parents to send their children. As of March 2015[update] The Princeton Review ranked Notre Dame as the ninth highest. The school has been previously criticized for its lack of diversity, and The Princeton Review ranks the university highly among schools at which \"Alternative Lifestyles [are] Not an Alternative.\" It has also been commended by some diversity oriented publications; Hispanic Magazine in 2004 ranked the university ninth on its list of the top–25 colleges for Latinos, and The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized the university in 2006 for raising enrollment of African-American students. With 6,000 participants, the university's intramural sports program was named in 2004 by Sports Illustrated as the best program in the country, while in 2007 The Princeton Review named it as the top school where \"Everyone Plays Intramural Sports.\" The annual Bookstore Basketball tournament is the largest outdoor five-on-five tournament in the world with over 700 teams participating each year, while the Notre Dame Men's Boxing Club hosts the annual Bengal Bouts tournament that raises money for the Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-446866", "score": 0.6862550377845764, "text": "University of Notre Dame the national stage in the early 20th century; the team an Independent with no conference affiliation, has accumulated eleven consensus national championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, 62 members in the College Football Hall of Fame, and 13 members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Other ND sport teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 17 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as one of the most famous and recognizable collegiate fight songs. Started as a small all-male institution in 1842 and chartered in 1844, Notre Dame reached international fame at the beginning of", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3980925", "score": 0.6833266019821167, "text": "Notre Dame, Indiana Notre Dame is a census-designated place north of South Bend in St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It includes the campuses of three colleges: the University of Notre Dame, Saint Mary's College, and Holy Cross College. Notre Dame is split between Clay and Portage Townships. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,973. Holy Cross Village at Notre Dame is a retirement community offering continuing care in Notre Dame, Indiana. It is owned by the Brothers of Holy Cross and managed by the Franciscan Sisters of Chicago Service Corporation. Notre Dame, Indiana, is", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1146461", "score": 0.6779034733772278, "text": "University of Notre Dame investment. For the 2007 fiscal year, the endowment had grown to approximately $6.5 billion, putting the university in the top-15 largest endowments in the country. In October 2018, the University listed its endowment at National Association of College and University Business Officers published Notre Dame's endowment at $13.1 billion. As of fall 2014, Notre Dame had 12,292 students and employed 1,126 full-time faculty members and another 190 part-time members to give a student/faculty ratio of 8:1. All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the \"First", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-234", "score": 0.6735212802886963, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-235", "score": 0.6735212802886963, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-236", "score": 0.6735212802886963, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-237", "score": 0.6735212802886963, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-238", "score": 0.6735212802886963, "text": "The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claims 11), along with another nine teams being named national champion by at least one source. Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. With the long history, Notre Dame has accumulated many rivals, and its annual game against USC for the Jeweled Shillelagh has been named by some as one of the most important in college football and is often called the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football in the country.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-78", "score": 0.6712970733642578, "text": "About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 14 female dorms. The university maintains a visiting policy (known as parietal hours) for those students who live in dormitories, specifying times when members of the opposite sex are allowed to visit other students' dorm rooms; however, all residence halls have 24-hour social spaces for students regardless of gender. Many residence halls have at least one nun and/or priest as a resident. There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years. Some intramural sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural American football. At the end of the intramural season, the championship game is played on the field in Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-79", "score": 0.6712970733642578, "text": "About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 14 female dorms. The university maintains a visiting policy (known as parietal hours) for those students who live in dormitories, specifying times when members of the opposite sex are allowed to visit other students' dorm rooms; however, all residence halls have 24-hour social spaces for students regardless of gender. Many residence halls have at least one nun and/or priest as a resident. There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years. Some intramural sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural American football. At the end of the intramural season, the championship game is played on the field in Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-80", "score": 0.6712970733642578, "text": "About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 14 female dorms. The university maintains a visiting policy (known as parietal hours) for those students who live in dormitories, specifying times when members of the opposite sex are allowed to visit other students' dorm rooms; however, all residence halls have 24-hour social spaces for students regardless of gender. Many residence halls have at least one nun and/or priest as a resident. There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years. Some intramural sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural American football. At the end of the intramural season, the championship game is played on the field in Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-81", "score": 0.6712970733642578, "text": "About 80% of undergraduates and 20% of graduate students live on campus. The majority of the graduate students on campus live in one of four graduate housing complexes on campus, while all on-campus undergraduates live in one of the 29 residence halls. Because of the religious affiliation of the university, all residence halls are single-sex, with 15 male dorms and 14 female dorms. The university maintains a visiting policy (known as parietal hours) for those students who live in dormitories, specifying times when members of the opposite sex are allowed to visit other students' dorm rooms; however, all residence halls have 24-hour social spaces for students regardless of gender. Many residence halls have at least one nun and/or priest as a resident. There are no traditional social fraternities or sororities at the university, but a majority of students live in the same residence hall for all four years. Some intramural sports are based on residence hall teams, where the university offers the only non-military academy program of full-contact intramural American football. At the end of the intramural season, the championship game is played on the field in Notre Dame Stadium.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.7241381406784058, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2299049", "score": 0.6742456555366516, "text": "by laurel. It was custom designed by P.E. Guerin, the oldest decorative hardware firm in the United States, which produces the medal for each year's laureate. Henry Hope Reed Award Initiated in 2005, the global Henry Hope Reed Award or short Reed Award is given in conjunction with the Driehaus Architecture Prize at the University of Notre Dame, to an individual working outside the practice of architecture who has supported the cultivation of the traditional city, its architecture and art through writing, planning or promotion. The 2018 Reed Award is given to the German chair of the Society for Rebuilding", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2721746", "score": 0.6742456555366516, "text": "by laurel. It was custom designed by P.E. Guerin, the oldest decorative hardware firm in the United States, which produces the medal for each year's laureate. Henry Hope Reed Award Initiated in 2005, the global Henry Hope Reed Award or short Reed Award is given in conjunction with the Driehaus Architecture Prize at the University of Notre Dame, to an individual working outside the practice of architecture who has supported the cultivation of the traditional city, its architecture and art through writing, planning or promotion. The 2018 Reed Award is given to the German chair of the Society for Rebuilding", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1037758", "score": 0.6483615040779114, "text": "Notre Dame School of Architecture Notre Dame, founded in 1842 by Edward Sorin, is an independent, national Catholic university located in Notre Dame, Indiana. Architecture as a discipline was taught at the University as early as 1869, but it was not until 1898 that the faculty was organized into its own School apart from the other Colleges. When the new Hesburgh Library was opened in 1963, the old Lemmonier Library (now Bond Hall) was give to the Department of Architecture. The head of the department, Frank Montana, designed plans to renovate the interiors to fit the new needs of the Architecture school. The original limestone", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-44", "score": 0.6456272006034851, "text": "In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among \"national universities\" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-45", "score": 0.6456272006034851, "text": "In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among \"national universities\" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-46", "score": 0.6456272006034851, "text": "In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among \"national universities\" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-47", "score": 0.6456272006034851, "text": "In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among \"national universities\" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-48", "score": 0.6456272006034851, "text": "In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among \"national universities\" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th among colleges in the United States in 2015, 8th among Research Universities, and 1st in the Midwest. U.S. News & World Report also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. BusinessWeek ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while ARCHITECT Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to payscale.com, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making it the 24th highest among colleges and universities in the United States. The median starting salary of $55,300 ranked 58th in the same peer group.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1508074", "score": 0.6400663256645203, "text": "Fenwick High School (Oak Park, Illinois) over the standards of the new school. Instead, Fenwick has commenced several expansion campaigns at their present location in Oak Park based around their original Neo-gothic designed school created by the New York architect Wilfred E. Anthony, who also redesigned the Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Indiana for the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. The latest expansions include: a new field house with a 1,100-seat gymnasium and a 450-seat natatorium; several new classrooms and updated athletic lockers; a new school entrance and gateway inspired from the \"Arch\" of Northwestern University; and additional science laboratories and art studios,", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1066911", "score": 0.6353739500045776, "text": "Europe. The number of awarded projects: The American Architecture Awards™ is a trademark of The Chicago Athenaeum. American Architecture Awards The American Architecture Awards is a national and international awards program for new architecture, landscape architecture, interiors, and urban planning in the United States. The program was launched by the Chicago Athenaeum Museum of Architecture and Design in 1994 to honor and celebrate the most outstanding architecture designed and built or unbuilt throughout the nation or abroad in foreign countries. The Awards Program is open to all American architecture offices and international firms with projects inside the United States from", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-17903", "score": 0.6334220170974731, "text": "According to the journal DesignIntelligence, which annually publishes \"America's Best Architecture and Design Schools,\" the School of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Kansas was named the best in the Midwest and ranked 11th among all undergraduate architecture programs in the U.S in 2012.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-17904", "score": 0.6334220170974731, "text": "According to the journal DesignIntelligence, which annually publishes \"America's Best Architecture and Design Schools,\" the School of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Kansas was named the best in the Midwest and ranked 11th among all undergraduate architecture programs in the U.S in 2012.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-17905", "score": 0.6334220170974731, "text": "According to the journal DesignIntelligence, which annually publishes \"America's Best Architecture and Design Schools,\" the School of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Kansas was named the best in the Midwest and ranked 11th among all undergraduate architecture programs in the U.S in 2012.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-17906", "score": 0.6334220170974731, "text": "According to the journal DesignIntelligence, which annually publishes \"America's Best Architecture and Design Schools,\" the School of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Kansas was named the best in the Midwest and ranked 11th among all undergraduate architecture programs in the U.S in 2012.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-67171", "score": 0.6293473839759827, "text": "As of the first decade of the 21st century, contemporary neoclassical architecture is usually classed under the umbrella term of New Classical Architecture. Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style. For sincere traditional-style architecture that sticks to regional architecture, materials and craftsmanship, the term Traditional Architecture (or vernacular) is mostly used. The Driehaus Architecture Prize is awarded to major contributors in the field of 21st century traditional or classical architecture, and comes with a prize money twice as high as that of the modernist Pritzker Prize.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-67172", "score": 0.6293473839759827, "text": "As of the first decade of the 21st century, contemporary neoclassical architecture is usually classed under the umbrella term of New Classical Architecture. Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style. For sincere traditional-style architecture that sticks to regional architecture, materials and craftsmanship, the term Traditional Architecture (or vernacular) is mostly used. The Driehaus Architecture Prize is awarded to major contributors in the field of 21st century traditional or classical architecture, and comes with a prize money twice as high as that of the modernist Pritzker Prize.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-67173", "score": 0.6293473839759827, "text": "As of the first decade of the 21st century, contemporary neoclassical architecture is usually classed under the umbrella term of New Classical Architecture. Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style. For sincere traditional-style architecture that sticks to regional architecture, materials and craftsmanship, the term Traditional Architecture (or vernacular) is mostly used. The Driehaus Architecture Prize is awarded to major contributors in the field of 21st century traditional or classical architecture, and comes with a prize money twice as high as that of the modernist Pritzker Prize.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-67174", "score": 0.6293473839759827, "text": "As of the first decade of the 21st century, contemporary neoclassical architecture is usually classed under the umbrella term of New Classical Architecture. Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style. For sincere traditional-style architecture that sticks to regional architecture, materials and craftsmanship, the term Traditional Architecture (or vernacular) is mostly used. The Driehaus Architecture Prize is awarded to major contributors in the field of 21st century traditional or classical architecture, and comes with a prize money twice as high as that of the modernist Pritzker Prize.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2414843", "score": 0.6264253258705139, "text": "Midwest. \"U.S. News & World Report\" also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. \"BusinessWeek\" ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while \"Architect\" Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to PayScale, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2655857", "score": 0.6264253258705139, "text": "Midwest. \"U.S. News & World Report\" also lists Notre Dame Law School as 22nd overall. \"BusinessWeek\" ranks Mendoza College of Business undergraduate school as 1st overall. It ranks the MBA program as 20th overall. The Philosophical Gourmet Report ranks Notre Dame's graduate philosophy program as 15th nationally, while \"Architect\" Magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program as 12th nationally. Additionally, the study abroad program ranks sixth in highest participation percentage in the nation, with 57.6% of students choosing to study abroad in 17 countries. According to PayScale, undergraduate alumni of University of Notre Dame have a mid-career median salary $110,000, making", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.7320493459701538, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-24", "score": 0.6880061030387878, "text": "The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-25", "score": 0.6880061030387878, "text": "The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-26", "score": 0.6880061030387878, "text": "The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-27", "score": 0.6880061030387878, "text": "The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-28", "score": 0.6880061030387878, "text": "The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-39", "score": 0.6877082586288452, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-40", "score": 0.6877082586288452, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-41", "score": 0.6877082586288452, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-42", "score": 0.6877082586288452, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-43", "score": 0.6877082586288452, "text": "Notre Dame is known for its competitive admissions, with the incoming class enrolling in fall 2015 admitting 3,577 from a pool of 18,156 (19.7%). The academic profile of the enrolled class continues to rate among the top 10 to 15 in the nation for national research universities. The university practices a non-restrictive early action policy that allows admitted students to consider admission to Notre Dame as well as any other colleges to which they were accepted. 1,400 of the 3,577 (39.1%) were admitted under the early action plan. Admitted students came from 1,311 high schools and the average student traveled more than 750 miles to Notre Dame, making it arguably the most representative university in the United States. While all entering students begin in the College of the First Year of Studies, 25% have indicated they plan to study in the liberal arts or social sciences, 24% in engineering, 24% in business, 24% in science, and 3% in architecture.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3449983", "score": 0.6839562654495239, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2373303", "score": 0.6839016079902649, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3363303", "score": 0.6839016079902649, "text": "Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers 22 undergraduate degrees, 12 graduate degrees and four credentials. In", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1152860", "score": 0.678942859172821, "text": "University of Delaware The University of Delaware (colloquially UD, UDel, or U of D) is a public research university located in Newark, Delaware. University of Delaware is the largest university in Delaware. UD currently offers more than 135 undergraduate degrees. At the graduate level, it offers 67 doctoral, 142 master’s degree programs, 14 dual degrees, 15 interdisciplinary programs, 12 on-line programs, and 28 certificate programs across its seven colleges and more than 82 research centers and institutes. UD is one of the top 100 institutions for federal obligations in science and engineering and interdisciplinary initiatives in energy science and policy,", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2023781", "score": 0.678942859172821, "text": "University of Delaware The University of Delaware (colloquially UD, UDel, or U of D) is a public research university located in Newark, Delaware. University of Delaware is the largest university in Delaware. UD currently offers more than 135 undergraduate degrees. At the graduate level, it offers 67 doctoral, 142 master’s degree programs, 14 dual degrees, 15 interdisciplinary programs, 12 on-line programs, and 28 certificate programs across its seven colleges and more than 82 research centers and institutes. UD is one of the top 100 institutions for federal obligations in science and engineering and interdisciplinary initiatives in energy science and policy,", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2758422", "score": 0.678942859172821, "text": "University of Delaware The University of Delaware (colloquially UD, UDel, or U of D) is a public research university located in Newark, Delaware. University of Delaware is the largest university in Delaware. UD currently offers more than 135 undergraduate degrees. At the graduate level, it offers 67 doctoral, 142 master’s degree programs, 14 dual degrees, 15 interdisciplinary programs, 12 on-line programs, and 28 certificate programs across its seven colleges and more than 82 research centers and institutes. UD is one of the top 100 institutions for federal obligations in science and engineering and interdisciplinary initiatives in energy science and policy,", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3964232", "score": 0.678942859172821, "text": "University of Delaware The University of Delaware (colloquially UD, UDel, or U of D) is a public research university located in Newark, Delaware. University of Delaware is the largest university in Delaware. UD currently offers more than 135 undergraduate degrees. At the graduate level, it offers 67 doctoral, 142 master’s degree programs, 14 dual degrees, 15 interdisciplinary programs, 12 on-line programs, and 28 certificate programs across its seven colleges and more than 82 research centers and institutes. UD is one of the top 100 institutions for federal obligations in science and engineering and interdisciplinary initiatives in energy science and policy,", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2497240", "score": 0.6732860803604126, "text": "Notre Dame College Notre Dame College, also known as Notre Dame College of Ohio or simply NDC, is a Catholic liberal arts college in South Euclid, Ohio, United States. Established in 1922 as a women's college, it has been coeducational since January 2001. Notre Dame College offers 30 majors and individually designed majors and confers undergraduate and graduate degrees through five academic divisions. The college had a total enrollment of 2,100 students in fall 2016. The main academic and residential campus is located east of Cleveland in South Euclid. Fielding athletic teams known as the Notre Dame Falcons, the college", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3120186", "score": 0.6732860803604126, "text": "Notre Dame College Notre Dame College, also known as Notre Dame College of Ohio or simply NDC, is a Catholic liberal arts college in South Euclid, Ohio, United States. Established in 1922 as a women's college, it has been coeducational since January 2001. Notre Dame College offers 30 majors and individually designed majors and confers undergraduate and graduate degrees through five academic divisions. The college had a total enrollment of 2,100 students in fall 2016. The main academic and residential campus is located east of Cleveland in South Euclid. Fielding athletic teams known as the Notre Dame Falcons, the college", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2983964", "score": 0.6612090468406677, "text": "School offered more than 230 graduate programs to over 7,000 enrolled students and conferred 2,271 degrees. Seventy years after conferring the first two Ph.D. degrees, the Graduate School awarded 420 doctoral degrees, nearly half going to women. As of August 2017, the University of Georgia Graduate School offered 327 graduate degree programs: 115 doctoral, 140 master’s, 15 education specialist, 46 interdisciplinary and 11 online degree programs. The Doctor of Philosophy is offered in 86 disciplines, the Master of Arts in 35 disciplines, and the Master of Science in 50 disciplines. Professional doctoral degrees are offered in education, music, and public", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.6178608536720276, "text": "Besides its prominence in sports, Notre Dame is also a large, four-year, highly residential research University, and is consistently ranked among the top twenty universities in the United States and as a major global university. The undergraduate component of the university is organized into four colleges (Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, Business) and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize. Notre Dame's graduate program has more than 50 master's, doctoral and professional degree programs offered by the five schools, with the addition of the Notre Dame Law School and a MD-PhD program offered in combination with IU medical School. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events and intramural sports teams. The university counts approximately 120,000 alumni, considered among the strongest alumni networks among U.S. colleges." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2191007", "score": 0.5861730575561523, "text": "Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially \"the Met\", is the largest art museum in the United States. With 7.06 million visitors to its three locations in 2016, it was the third most visited art museum in the world, and the fifth most visited museum of any kind. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among seventeen curatorial departments. The main building, on the eastern edge of Central Park along Museum Mile in Manhattan 's Upper East Side is by area one of the world's largest art galleries. A much smaller", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-850324", "score": 0.5861124396324158, "text": "Goya Museum The Goya Museum (in French: Musée Goya) is an art museum located in Castres, France. It is named after the Spanish painter Francisco Goya and has the largest collection of Spanish paintings in France, with works by Goya, Zurbarán, Velázquez, Murillo, Ribera... The museum was originally established in 1840 and has 28,000 visitors annually. The museum is located in the old Bishop's Palace, which was built in 1675 and is based on the design of Jules Hardouin Mansart, who was an architect of the Palace of Versailles. The gardens were designed by André Le Nôtre, who also worked", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3031278", "score": 0.5861124396324158, "text": "Goya Museum The Goya Museum (in French: Musée Goya) is an art museum located in Castres, France. It is named after the Spanish painter Francisco Goya and has the largest collection of Spanish paintings in France, with works by Goya, Zurbarán, Velázquez, Murillo, Ribera... The museum was originally established in 1840 and has 28,000 visitors annually. The museum is located in the old Bishop's Palace, which was built in 1675 and is based on the design of Jules Hardouin Mansart, who was an architect of the Palace of Versailles. The gardens were designed by André Le Nôtre, who also worked", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2228163", "score": 0.5860309600830078, "text": "Manuel Neri Texas; Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco; Frederik Meijers Gardens and Sculpture Park, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Fresno Art Museum; Grounds for Sculpture, Hamilton, New Jersey; Grove Isle Sculpture Garden, Coconut Grove, FL; Harvard University Art Museums; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C.; Honolulu Museum of Art; Indianapolis Museum of Art; Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, Kansas City, MO; Laumeier Sculpture Park, Sunset Hills, Mo.; Manetti Shrem Museum, University of California, Davis; Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Tennessee; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Minneapolis Institute of Art; Nasher Museum at Duke University, Durham, NC; Nasher Sculpture Center, Dallas, Texas;", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-892350", "score": 0.5858238339424133, "text": "Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts The Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts at Stanford University, formerly the Stanford University Museum of Art, and commonly known as the Cantor Arts Center, is a complimentary art museum on the campus of Stanford University in Stanford, California. The museum, which opened in 1894, consists of over 130,000 square feet of space, including sculpture gardens. The Cantor Center houses one of the largest collections of Auguste Rodin sculptures outside Paris, France with 199 works by Rodin, most in bronze but also other media; many sculptures are on", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-3366934", "score": 0.5857821702957153, "text": "Manuel Neri Texas; Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco; Frederik Meijers Gardens and Sculpture Park, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Fresno Art Museum; Grounds for Sculpture, Hamilton, New Jersey; Grove Isle Sculpture Garden, Coconut Grove, FL; Harvard University Art Museums; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C.; Honolulu Museum of Art; Indianapolis Museum of Art; Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, Kansas City, MO; Laumeier Sculpture Park, Sunset Hills, Mo.; Manetti Shrem Museum, University of California, Davis; Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Tennessee; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Minneapolis Institute of Art; Nasher Museum at Duke University, Durham, NC; Nasher Sculpture Center, Dallas, Texas;", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3149865", "score": 0.5845720171928406, "text": "'museum-without-walls' through a series of underwater wreck trails. An art museum, also known as an art gallery, is a space for the exhibition of art, usually in the form of art objects from the visual arts, primarily paintings, illustrations, and sculptures. Collections of drawings and old master prints are often not displayed on the walls, but kept in a print room. There may be collections of applied art, including ceramics, metalwork, furniture, artist's books, and other types of objects. Video art is often screened. The first publicly owned museum in Europe was the Amerbach-Cabinet in Basel, originally a private collection", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-524154", "score": 0.5839162468910217, "text": "Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA plays a major role in developing and collecting modernist art, and is often identified as one of the largest and most influential museums of modern art in the world. MoMA's collection offers an overview of modern and contemporary art, including works of architecture and design, drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, prints, illustrated books and artist's books, film, and electronic media. The MoMA Library includes approximately 300,000 books and exhibition catalogs, over", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3235777", "score": 0.5830388069152832, "text": "Hunt Museum The Hunt Museum () is a museum in the city of Limerick, Ireland. The Hunt Museum holds a personal collection donated by the Hunt family, it was originally situated in the University of Limerick, before being moved to its present location in the Georgian Custom House in 1997. The Custom House is situated on Rutland Street on the banks of the River Shannon at its confluence with the Abbey River. Among the museum's collection are works by notable artists and designers such as Pablo Picasso, Jack B. Yeats, and Sybil Connolly as well as distinctive historical items such", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2055378", "score": 0.5830170512199402, "text": "Musée Bonnat Robert, Ingres, Jacques-Louis David, Géricault, Delacroix, Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, Perugino, Pisanello, Luca Signorelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Leonardo da Vinci, Giovanni Bellini, Sandro Botticelli, Raphael, Michelangelo, Giulio Romano, Titian, Parmigianino, Correggio, Primaticcio, Paolo Veronese, Federico Barocci, Annibale Carracci, Guercino, Pietro da Cortona, Francesco Guardi, Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Francisco de Goya, and others. There are also collections of decorative arts and antiques. Musée Bonnat The Musée Bonnat-Helleu is an art museum in Bayonne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The museum was created in 1901 when Bayonne-born painter Léon Bonnat gave his extensive personal collections of art – notably an exceptional drawing collection – as well as", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2074019", "score": 0.5830170512199402, "text": "Musée Bonnat Robert, Ingres, Jacques-Louis David, Géricault, Delacroix, Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, Perugino, Pisanello, Luca Signorelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Leonardo da Vinci, Giovanni Bellini, Sandro Botticelli, Raphael, Michelangelo, Giulio Romano, Titian, Parmigianino, Correggio, Primaticcio, Paolo Veronese, Federico Barocci, Annibale Carracci, Guercino, Pietro da Cortona, Francesco Guardi, Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Francisco de Goya, and others. There are also collections of decorative arts and antiques. Musée Bonnat The Musée Bonnat-Helleu is an art museum in Bayonne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The museum was created in 1901 when Bayonne-born painter Léon Bonnat gave his extensive personal collections of art – notably an exceptional drawing collection – as well as", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-528553", "score": 0.5824984908103943, "text": "Musée Réattu Musée Réattu Musée Réattu (Reattu Museum) is an art museum in Arles, housing paintings, including works by Arles-born painter Jacques Réattu, drawings by Picasso, as well as sculptures and a large collection of photographs. It regularly holds exhibitions of contemporary art. The museum is housed in the former Grand Priory of the Order of Malta (\"Grand Prieuré de l'Ordre de Malte\"), built in the late 15th century. Initially built as the seat of a commandry, it started housing Grand Priors in 1562, and became a Grand Priory in 1615, having jurisdiction over forty-eight commandries. In September 1792, a decree by", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3723264", "score": 0.5821912288665771, "text": "Manuel Neri National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC; Nevada Museum of Art, Reno; Oakland Museum of California; Palm Springs Art Museum, California; Phillips Collection, Washington, DC; Phoenix Art Museum; Portland Art Museum, Oregon; Racine Art Museum; San Antonio Museum of Art; San Diego Museum of Art; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; San Jose Museum of Art, California; Seattle Art Museum; Tampa Museum of Art; Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive; University of New Mexico Fine Arts Center, Albuquerque; University Museums, Iowa State University, Ames; Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; Yale University Art Gallery, and New Haven, Connecticut. Manuel", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2359063", "score": 0.5821098685264587, "text": "Learning Community, which states, \"We embrace the gift of diversity.\" Notre Dame de Namur University Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU) — formerly the College of Notre Dame — is a private coeducational Catholic university located in Belmont, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the third oldest college in California and the first college in the state authorized to grant the baccalaureate degree to women. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business and Management, and the School of Education and Leadership. Notre Dame de Namur University offers", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-10", "score": 0.582073450088501, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-11", "score": 0.582073450088501, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-12", "score": 0.582073450088501, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-13", "score": 0.582073450088501, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-14", "score": 0.582073450088501, "text": "The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. Retired priests and brothers reside in Fatima House (a former retreat center), Holy Cross House, as well as Columba Hall near the Grotto. The university through the Moreau Seminary has ties to theologian Frederick Buechner. While not Catholic, Buechner has praised writers from Notre Dame and Moreau Seminary created a Buechner Prize for Preaching.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-34", "score": 0.5819500684738159, "text": "The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as \"Touchdown Jesus\" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-200", "score": 0.7639777064323425, "text": "In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel. He soon erected additional buildings, including Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-743270", "score": 0.7123319506645203, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Following his ordination as a priest in the Congregation of Holy Cross, he traveled as a missionary to the United States where he worked in Indiana, what was then considered a very remote area of the nation. Accompanied by six brothers, he landed in New York and proceeded to Indiana where he acquired possession of 524 snow-covered acres of land from the Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana. On November 26, 1842, Sorin began the foundation of the University of Notre Dame on this land. The University of Notre Dame commissioned artist Ernesto Biondi to create the statue in memory of Sorin.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1320921", "score": 0.7122847437858582, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Following his ordination as a priest in the Congregation of Holy Cross, he traveled as a missionary to the United States where he worked in Indiana, what was then considered a very remote area of the nation. Accompanied by six brothers, he landed in New York and proceeded to Indiana where he acquired possession of 524 snow-covered acres of land from the Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana. On November 26, 1842, Sorin began the foundation of the University of Notre Dame on this land. The University of Notre Dame commissioned artist Ernesto Biondi to create the statue in memory of Sorin.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2784202", "score": 0.7122847437858582, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Following his ordination as a priest in the Congregation of Holy Cross, he traveled as a missionary to the United States where he worked in Indiana, what was then considered a very remote area of the nation. Accompanied by six brothers, he landed in New York and proceeded to Indiana where he acquired possession of 524 snow-covered acres of land from the Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana. On November 26, 1842, Sorin began the foundation of the University of Notre Dame on this land. The University of Notre Dame commissioned artist Ernesto Biondi to create the statue in memory of Sorin.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1208945", "score": 0.684071958065033, "text": "Edward Sorin Sorin entered into a long period of mental and physical suffering. Eventually, he died a peaceful and painless death of Bright's Disease at the University of Notre Dame on the eve of All Saints' Day, October 31, 1893. Sorin also founded St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas. Bishop Claude Marie Dubuis of the Diocese of Galveston learned of Mrs. Mary Doyle's intention to leave her large South Austin farm to the Catholic Church. The purpose was to establish an \"education institution\" and he invited Father Sorin to Texas in 1872. Answering the bishop's invitation, Father Sorin traveled to Austin and", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3091787", "score": 0.684071958065033, "text": "Edward Sorin Sorin entered into a long period of mental and physical suffering. Eventually, he died a peaceful and painless death of Bright's Disease at the University of Notre Dame on the eve of All Saints' Day, October 31, 1893. Sorin also founded St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas. Bishop Claude Marie Dubuis of the Diocese of Galveston learned of Mrs. Mary Doyle's intention to leave her large South Austin farm to the Catholic Church. The purpose was to establish an \"education institution\" and he invited Father Sorin to Texas in 1872. Answering the bishop's invitation, Father Sorin traveled to Austin and", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2881504", "score": 0.6805434823036194, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Edward F. Sorin is an outdoor sculpture by Italian sculptor Ernesto Biondi (January 30, 1855 – 1917). It is located on the campus of the University of Notre Dame near South Bend, Indiana. The eight foot tall statue depicting the founder of Notre Dame is placed on the main quadrangle of the University near the Main Building. The statue, made of bronze, was unveiled on its campus on May 3, 1906. “Edward F. Sorin” is a life-sized statue composed of bronze, a favorite material of artist Ernesto Biondi. It measures 8 ft. x 2 ft. 6", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-923230", "score": 0.6579552292823792, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1685338", "score": 0.6579552292823792, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2016128", "score": 0.6579552292823792, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1317058", "score": 0.657825767993927, "text": "continue their formation so these events play an important role in building brotherhood among the Holy Cross seminarians. Old College, University of Notre Dame Old College, built in 1843 by the founder of the University of Notre Dame, Rev. Edward Sorin, C.S.C., and the rest of the Holy Cross brothers, is the oldest standing building on campus. Together with other historic structures of the university, it is on the National Register of Historic Places. When university founder Rev. Edward Sorin arrived to the site of the present campus in 1842, the only building present was the Log Chapel. Rev. Sorin", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3294300", "score": 0.6574681401252747, "text": "St. Edward's University St. Edward's University is a private, Roman Catholic university in the Holy Cross tradition with approximately 5,000 students. Located in Austin, Texas, with a network of partner universities around the world, St. Edward's offers undergraduate and graduate programs. St. Edward's University was founded by the Reverend Edward Sorin, CSC, Superior General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who also founded the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Father Sorin established the institution on farmland south of Austin in 1877 and named it St. Edward's Academy in honor of his patron saint, Edward the Confessor and", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-3420523", "score": 0.6574681401252747, "text": "St. Edward's University St. Edward's University is a private, Roman Catholic university in the Holy Cross tradition with approximately 5,000 students. Located in Austin, Texas, with a network of partner universities around the world, St. Edward's offers undergraduate and graduate programs. St. Edward's University was founded by the Reverend Edward Sorin, CSC, Superior General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who also founded the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Father Sorin established the institution on farmland south of Austin in 1877 and named it St. Edward's Academy in honor of his patron saint, Edward the Confessor and", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3496277", "score": 0.6574681401252747, "text": "St. Edward's University St. Edward's University is a private, Roman Catholic university in the Holy Cross tradition with approximately 5,000 students. Located in Austin, Texas, with a network of partner universities around the world, St. Edward's offers undergraduate and graduate programs. St. Edward's University was founded by the Reverend Edward Sorin, CSC, Superior General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who also founded the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Father Sorin established the institution on farmland south of Austin in 1877 and named it St. Edward's Academy in honor of his patron saint, Edward the Confessor and", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-337627", "score": 0.6532623171806335, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-910860", "score": 0.6532623171806335, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1560191", "score": 0.6532623171806335, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3631436", "score": 0.6532623171806335, "text": "South Bend, Indiana the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana, the University of Notre Dame was founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865. It has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area and continues to have a great effect on South Bend's culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are also located in nearby Notre Dame, IN. Indiana University South Bend is the third-largest campus in the Indiana University system. Its total enrollment during the 2014-15 school year was 7,859 students. Other universities", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1800194", "score": 0.6505834460258484, "text": "assist young struggling women and men in need of furthering their education, offering Associate of Science or Associate of Occupational Science degrees. Seton Hall College (now known as Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey) was formally founded on September 1, 1856, by Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley, of the then-Diocese of Newark. Bishop Bayley was a cousin of President Theodore Roosevelt and a nephew of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, for whom he named the institution. The Seton Hill Schools (now part of Seton Hill University), named for St. Elizabeth, were founded by the Sisters of Charity in 1885. The university", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2410588", "score": 0.6505834460258484, "text": "assist young struggling women and men in need of furthering their education, offering Associate of Science or Associate of Occupational Science degrees. Seton Hall College (now known as Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey) was formally founded on September 1, 1856, by Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley, of the then-Diocese of Newark. Bishop Bayley was a cousin of President Theodore Roosevelt and a nephew of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, for whom he named the institution. The Seton Hill Schools (now part of Seton Hill University), named for St. Elizabeth, were founded by the Sisters of Charity in 1885. The university", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2978324", "score": 0.6478512287139893, "text": "Northeast Catholic College was founded as Magdalen College by Catholic laymen in 1973. From 1974 to 1991 the college operated at its original campus in Bedford, New Hampshire; in 1991, it moved to its current site in Warner. Catholic laymen Francis Boucher, John Meehan and Peter Sampo founded Magdalen College in 1973, responding to the Second Vatican Council's call for the education of lay Catholic leaders, and with the encouragement of the Bishop of Manchester, Ernest John Primeau. The college was chartered by the State of New Hampshire August 22, 1973, and enrolled its first students in September 1974. The first class consisted", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-201", "score": 0.6850449442863464, "text": "In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel. He soon erected additional buildings, including Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3294300", "score": 0.6155239939689636, "text": "St. Edward's University St. Edward's University is a private, Roman Catholic university in the Holy Cross tradition with approximately 5,000 students. Located in Austin, Texas, with a network of partner universities around the world, St. Edward's offers undergraduate and graduate programs. St. Edward's University was founded by the Reverend Edward Sorin, CSC, Superior General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who also founded the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Father Sorin established the institution on farmland south of Austin in 1877 and named it St. Edward's Academy in honor of his patron saint, Edward the Confessor and", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3420523", "score": 0.6155239939689636, "text": "St. Edward's University St. Edward's University is a private, Roman Catholic university in the Holy Cross tradition with approximately 5,000 students. Located in Austin, Texas, with a network of partner universities around the world, St. Edward's offers undergraduate and graduate programs. St. Edward's University was founded by the Reverend Edward Sorin, CSC, Superior General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who also founded the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Father Sorin established the institution on farmland south of Austin in 1877 and named it St. Edward's Academy in honor of his patron saint, Edward the Confessor and", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-3496277", "score": 0.6155239939689636, "text": "St. Edward's University St. Edward's University is a private, Roman Catholic university in the Holy Cross tradition with approximately 5,000 students. Located in Austin, Texas, with a network of partner universities around the world, St. Edward's offers undergraduate and graduate programs. St. Edward's University was founded by the Reverend Edward Sorin, CSC, Superior General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who also founded the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Father Sorin established the institution on farmland south of Austin in 1877 and named it St. Edward's Academy in honor of his patron saint, Edward the Confessor and", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1956055", "score": 0.6141431331634521, "text": "Edward Sorin of religious orders. In addition, while France had not recovered from the effects of the Revolution, it contributed to many men and means to support American Missions. Sorin, recently ordained, was selected by his superiors to establish the Congregation of Holy Cross, organized at Le Mans, in what was then considered a remote district of the United States. Accompanied by six Catholic brothers, he arrived in New York in the autumn of 1841, and immediately set out for Indiana, the center of his apostolate for upwards of half a century. After a short stay at St. Peter's in the Diocese", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3233351", "score": 0.6133331656455994, "text": "Lucien Maxwell Lucien Bonaparte Maxwell (September 14, 1818 - July 25, 1875) was a mountain man, rancher, scout, and farmer who at one point owned more than . Along with Thomas Catron and Ted Turner, Maxwell was one of the largest private landowners in United States history. Maxwell was born in Kaskaskia, Illinois Territory, about three months before Illinois became a state. He was the son of Hugh Maxwell, an Irish immigrant, and Odile Menard, daughter of Pierre Menard, a French Canadian fur trader who was serving on the Illinois Territorial Council and who became the first Lieutenant Governor of", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2284693", "score": 0.6115021705627441, "text": "William Penn William Penn (14 October 1644 – 30 July 1718) was the son of Sir William Penn, and was an English nobleman, writer, early Quaker, and founder of the English North American colony the Province of Pennsylvania. He was an early advocate of democracy and religious freedom, notable for his good relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Native Americans. Under his direction, the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed. In 1681, King Charles II handed over a large piece of his American land holdings to Penn to pay the debts the king owed to Penn's father. This", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-923230", "score": 0.6074005961418152, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1685338", "score": 0.6074005961418152, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2016128", "score": 0.6074005961418152, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1508177", "score": 0.6044586300849915, "text": "Joseph Volotsky Joseph Volotsky — also known as Joseph of Volotsk or Joseph of Volokolamsk (); secular name Ivan Sanin () (1439 or 1440 – September 9, 1515) — was a prominent Russian theologian and early proponent of tsarist autocracy, who led the party defending monastic landownership. The Russian Orthodox Church considers him a saint (along with his most notable opponent, Nil Sorsky); his memory is celebrated on 9 September and 18 October (dates in the Julian Calendar). Joseph Volotsky came from a family of a wealthy landowner (a \"votchinnik\") whose property consisted of the Yazvishche village in the Principaity", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-594121", "score": 0.6019948720932007, "text": "St. Patrick's, Carlow College a lecture was given by former college president Bishop Ryan. In 1995 full-time degree students became entitled to the Irish Governments \"free fees\" scheme and local authority grants. Distinguished among the thousands of its past students was one of the first ever Catholic bishops to be appointed in the United States, John England; the man who single-handedly brought Catholicism to Australia, John Therry; Ireland's first cardinal, Paul Cullen; the artist Frank O'Meara; the Young Irelander and land-reform theorist, James Fintan Lalor and the Fenian John O'Leary, friend of W. B. Yeats. Daniel O'Connell, also known as 'The Liberator' or 'The", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-626269", "score": 0.6014378070831299, "text": "St. Peter Catholic Church (Manhattan) killed. In October 1836, the cornerstone for a larger St. Peter's Church was laid, and by 1840 the current structure was built. In addition to Roman Catholic services, From 1899 to 1916 St. Peter's also hosted services in the lower churchfor Byzantine-rite Syrian and Lebanese Catholics, who during that period did not have their own church. St. Peter's Church is the very first place Fr. Edward Frederick Sorin, founder of the University of Notre Dame, celebrated Mass upon his arrival in America in 1842. On September 10, 2001, Father Mychal Judge OFM, chaplain for the New York City Fire Department,", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3212936", "score": 0.5980812907218933, "text": "Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin Prince Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin (December 22, 1770 – May 6, 1840) was an emigre Russian aristocrat and Catholic priest known as The Apostle of the Alleghenies. Since 2005, he has been under consideration for possible canonization by the Catholic Church. His current title is Servant of God. Prince Dimitri Dmitrievich Gallitzin was born into a world of inherited privilege December 22, 1770 at The Hague. His father, Prince Dimitri Alexeievich, the Russian ambassador to the Netherlands, was an intimate friend of Voltaire and a follower of Diderot. His mother was the Prussian Countess Adelheid Amalie von Schmettau,", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-201809", "score": 0.5970779061317444, "text": "Francis Daniel Pastorius with his father Melchior Adam (1624–1702), a wealthy lawyer and burgomaster in Windsheim. In 1683, a group of Mennonites, Pietists, and Quakers in Frankfurt, including Abraham op den Graeff a cousin of William Penn, approached Pastorius about acting as their agent to purchase land in Pennsylvania for a settlement. Pastorius took passage to Philadelphia. In Philadelphia, he negotiated the purchase of 15,000 acres (61 km²) from William Penn, the proprietor of the colony, and laid out the settlement of Germantown, where he himself would live until his death. As one of Germantown's leading citizens, Pastorius served in many public offices.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2991438", "score": 0.5970779061317444, "text": "Francis Daniel Pastorius with his father Melchior Adam (1624–1702), a wealthy lawyer and burgomaster in Windsheim. In 1683, a group of Mennonites, Pietists, and Quakers in Frankfurt, including Abraham op den Graeff a cousin of William Penn, approached Pastorius about acting as their agent to purchase land in Pennsylvania for a settlement. Pastorius took passage to Philadelphia. In Philadelphia, he negotiated the purchase of 15,000 acres (61 km²) from William Penn, the proprietor of the colony, and laid out the settlement of Germantown, where he himself would live until his death. As one of Germantown's leading citizens, Pastorius served in many public offices.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2766624", "score": 0.5951700806617737, "text": "Wizard Clip of the manifestations changed, and a sum of money that had previously gone missing was deposited on the threshold of the house. Later, Father Cahill supposedly returned with Reverend Prince Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin, who had heard of the tale of the 'Clip' at his home on Conewago Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania and performed a mass at the house, after which the haunting ceased. In 1802, Livingston deeded 35 acres of his land along the Opequon Creek to the Catholic Church as \"A field to sustain a priest\", allegedly \"for favors granted\". This parcel has since been known as 'The Priest's", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-328093", "score": 0.5934433937072754, "text": "St. Edward, Nebraska St. Edward is a city in Boone County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 705 at the 2010 census. St. Edward was founded in 1871. An early variant name was \"Waterville\". A post office called called Waterville was established in 1874, and the name was changed to Saint Edward in 1877. The present name honors Edward Sorin, C.S.C., a Roman Catholic priest. St. Edward is located at (41.571350, -97.861282). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 705", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-507477", "score": 0.5934433937072754, "text": "St. Edward, Nebraska St. Edward is a city in Boone County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 705 at the 2010 census. St. Edward was founded in 1871. An early variant name was \"Waterville\". A post office called called Waterville was established in 1874, and the name was changed to Saint Edward in 1877. The present name honors Edward Sorin, C.S.C., a Roman Catholic priest. St. Edward is located at (41.571350, -97.861282). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 705", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-714052", "score": 0.5930047035217285, "text": "land to God by donating it to the abbey. The charters of three grants the duke made to Farfa credit the monks with suggesting them, a sign of Probatus' gift for diplomacy. In 773, before April, Desiderius was pressuring Rome with his army when Pope Hadrian I sent a delegation led by Probatus and twenty of his senior monks to deal with the king. The purpose of this expedition was to procure the return of some cities which had been captured from the Duchy of Rome (which lay outside Desiderius' kingdom); it was the purpose of another papal delegation later", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-576612", "score": 0.5929447412490845, "text": "St. Edward's High School St. Edward's High School was a private Roman Catholic institution of higher learning located in south Austin, Texas. The high school was known for offering a high quality college prep education and for its picturesque campus situated on a hill overlooking the city of Austin. The campus's most prominent landmark is the recognizable neo-gothic Main Building. In 1872, Father Edward Sorin, C.S.C., arrived in Austin, Texas to investigate the possibility of building a secondary educational institution in the capital city of Texas. In 1872, Father Sorin bought one hundred and twenty-three acres from Mrs. Mary Doyle,", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-202", "score": 0.6552985310554504, "text": "In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel. He soon erected additional buildings, including Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-923230", "score": 0.6224385499954224, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1685338", "score": 0.6224385499954224, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2016128", "score": 0.6224385499954224, "text": "Main Building (St. Edward's University) Main Building is the central administration building of St. Edward's University in Austin, Texas, and formerly also of St. Edward's High School (now defunct). First completed in 1888 and rebuilt after a fire in 1903, Main Building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973, along with adjacent Holy Cross Hall. St. Edward's University was founded in 1877 by Edward Sorin, a Roman Catholic priest who also founded the University of Notre Dame. The school was established on farmland atop a promontory to the south of Austin. As the institution grew", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-776541", "score": 0.6170307993888855, "text": "2006, posting winning records each season, and being selected to the NCAA Tournament 6 out of 7 years. The following residence halls serve the university: St. Edward's University St. Edward's University is a private, Roman Catholic university in the Holy Cross tradition with approximately 5,000 students. Located in Austin, Texas, with a network of partner universities around the world, St. Edward's offers undergraduate and graduate programs. St. Edward's University was founded by the Reverend Edward Sorin, CSC, Superior General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who also founded the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Father Sorin established", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-379976", "score": 0.6167746782302856, "text": "2006, posting winning records each season, and being selected to the NCAA Tournament 6 out of 7 years. The following residence halls serve the university: St. Edward's University St. Edward's University is a private, Roman Catholic university in the Holy Cross tradition with approximately 5,000 students. Located in Austin, Texas, with a network of partner universities around the world, St. Edward's offers undergraduate and graduate programs. St. Edward's University was founded by the Reverend Edward Sorin, CSC, Superior General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who also founded the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Father Sorin established", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1665044", "score": 0.6167746782302856, "text": "2006, posting winning records each season, and being selected to the NCAA Tournament 6 out of 7 years. The following residence halls serve the university: St. Edward's University St. Edward's University is a private, Roman Catholic university in the Holy Cross tradition with approximately 5,000 students. Located in Austin, Texas, with a network of partner universities around the world, St. Edward's offers undergraduate and graduate programs. St. Edward's University was founded by the Reverend Edward Sorin, CSC, Superior General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, who also founded the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Father Sorin established", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1793834", "score": 0.6163058876991272, "text": "Canterbury Cathedral Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. It forms part of a World Heritage Site. It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, currently Justin Welby, leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion. Its formal title is the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury. Founded in 597, the cathedral was completely rebuilt between 1070 and 1077. The east end was greatly enlarged at the beginning of the 12th century, and largely rebuilt in the Gothic style following a", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1693536", "score": 0.6160872578620911, "text": "Justin Welby Justin Portal Welby (born 6 January 1956) is the 105th Archbishop of Canterbury and the most senior bishop in the Church of England. Welby was the vicar of Southam, Warwickshire, and most recently was the Bishop of Durham, serving for just over a year. As Archbishop of Canterbury, he is the Primate of All England and the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion. Welby was educated at the University of Cambridge where he studied history and law. Later in life, he received an ordination at St John's College, Durham. After several parochial appointments he became the Dean", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3686091", "score": 0.6142289638519287, "text": "Westminster Cathedral Westminster Cathedral, or the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ, in London is the mother church of the Catholic Church in England and Wales. The site on which the cathedral stands in the City of Westminster was purchased by the Diocese of Westminster in 1885. Westminster Cathedral is the largest Catholic church building in England and Wales and the seat of the Archbishop of Westminster. John Betjeman called it \"a masterpiece in striped brick and stone in an intricate pattern of bonding, the domes being all-brick in order to prove that the good", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1733039", "score": 0.6136736869812012, "text": "or so congregations, 15 clergy and seminarians, and approximately 200 members. Missionary Diocese of the East The Missionary Diocese of the East is an ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the United Episcopal Church of North America (or UECNA). The Missionary Diocese of the East (or MDE) encompasses most of the eastern United States but does not include the Diocese of the Great Lakes which is itself a diocese of the United Episcopal Church. The diocese is headquartered at St. David's Anglican Church in Charlottesville, Virginia and lead by The Most Reverend Peter D. Robinson. Archbishop Robinson also serves as the leader of", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-467281", "score": 0.613308846950531, "text": "or so congregations, 15 clergy and seminarians, and approximately 200 members. Missionary Diocese of the East The Missionary Diocese of the East is an ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the United Episcopal Church of North America (or UECNA). The Missionary Diocese of the East (or MDE) encompasses most of the eastern United States but does not include the Diocese of the Great Lakes which is itself a diocese of the United Episcopal Church. The diocese is headquartered at St. David's Anglican Church in Charlottesville, Virginia and lead by The Most Reverend Peter D. Robinson. Archbishop Robinson also serves as the leader of", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2426746", "score": 0.613308846950531, "text": "or so congregations, 15 clergy and seminarians, and approximately 200 members. Missionary Diocese of the East The Missionary Diocese of the East is an ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the United Episcopal Church of North America (or UECNA). The Missionary Diocese of the East (or MDE) encompasses most of the eastern United States but does not include the Diocese of the Great Lakes which is itself a diocese of the United Episcopal Church. The diocese is headquartered at St. David's Anglican Church in Charlottesville, Virginia and lead by The Most Reverend Peter D. Robinson. Archbishop Robinson also serves as the leader of", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-828908", "score": 0.6107474565505981, "text": "due to decline in circulation. Ave Maria Press now focuses solely on the publishing of Catholic books. Ave Maria Press Ave Maria Press is a Roman Catholic publishing company which was founded in 1865 by Father Edward Sorin, a Holy Cross priest who had founded the University of Notre Dame. Sorin founded the company in order to publish the \"Ave Maria\" magazine, a magazine focused on Catholic families, honoring The Virgin Mary, and showcasing Catholic writings. Sorin then placed Sister Angela Gilespie, a nurse veteran of the American Civil War, in charge. By 1900, \"Ave Maria\" was the largest English-language", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-138", "score": 0.6062944531440735, "text": "Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-139", "score": 0.6062944531440735, "text": "Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-140", "score": 0.6062944531440735, "text": "Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-141", "score": 0.6062944531440735, "text": "Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-142", "score": 0.6062944531440735, "text": "Because of its Catholic identity, a number of religious buildings stand on campus. The Old College building has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Congregation of Holy Cross. The current Basilica of the Sacred Heart is located on the spot of Fr. Sorin's original church, which became too small for the growing college. It is built in French Revival style and it is decorated by stained glass windows imported directly from France. The interior was painted by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter invited by Fr. Sorin to be artist in residence. The Basilica also features a bell tower with a carillon. Inside the church there are also sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was built in 1896, is a replica of the original in Lourdes, France. It is very popular among students and alumni as a place of prayer and meditation, and it is considered one of the most beloved spots on campus.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-16616", "score": 0.6061955094337463, "text": "Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England \"Royal Peculiar\"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-16617", "score": 0.6061955094337463, "text": "Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England \"Royal Peculiar\"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-203", "score": 0.7119343280792236, "text": "In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began the school using Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel. He soon erected additional buildings, including Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-230788", "score": 0.6748856902122498, "text": "Cross in part because of the indigenous community's need for pastoral care and evangelization. Frs. Hernández and Antonio speak Nahuatl, the language of the people, and Fr. Antonio comes from this indigenous group. In 2011 the Holy Cross community in Mexico became a part of the newly formed U.S. Province of Priests and Brothers. Congregation of Holy Cross The Congregation of Holy Cross or Congregatio a Sancta Cruce (C.S.C.) is a Catholic congregation of priests and brothers founded in 1837 by Blessed Basil Moreau, in Le Mans, France. Father Moreau also founded the Marianites of Holy Cross, now divided into", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-743270", "score": 0.6715274453163147, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Following his ordination as a priest in the Congregation of Holy Cross, he traveled as a missionary to the United States where he worked in Indiana, what was then considered a very remote area of the nation. Accompanied by six brothers, he landed in New York and proceeded to Indiana where he acquired possession of 524 snow-covered acres of land from the Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana. On November 26, 1842, Sorin began the foundation of the University of Notre Dame on this land. The University of Notre Dame commissioned artist Ernesto Biondi to create the statue in memory of Sorin.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1320921", "score": 0.671381950378418, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Following his ordination as a priest in the Congregation of Holy Cross, he traveled as a missionary to the United States where he worked in Indiana, what was then considered a very remote area of the nation. Accompanied by six brothers, he landed in New York and proceeded to Indiana where he acquired possession of 524 snow-covered acres of land from the Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana. On November 26, 1842, Sorin began the foundation of the University of Notre Dame on this land. The University of Notre Dame commissioned artist Ernesto Biondi to create the statue in memory of Sorin.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2784202", "score": 0.671381950378418, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Following his ordination as a priest in the Congregation of Holy Cross, he traveled as a missionary to the United States where he worked in Indiana, what was then considered a very remote area of the nation. Accompanied by six brothers, he landed in New York and proceeded to Indiana where he acquired possession of 524 snow-covered acres of land from the Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana. On November 26, 1842, Sorin began the foundation of the University of Notre Dame on this land. The University of Notre Dame commissioned artist Ernesto Biondi to create the statue in memory of Sorin.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-185446", "score": 0.6692671179771423, "text": "derived from the fight song of the University of Notre Dame, which was also founded by priests of the Congregation of Holy Cross. Holy Cross School (New Orleans) Holy Cross School is a high school, middle school, and primary school serving grades pre-k -12 founded in 1849 by the Congregation of Holy Cross in New Orleans, Louisiana. The main founder of Holy Cross is Blessed Father Basil Moreau, who was beatified on September 15, 2007. Holy Cross High was originally named St. Isidore's College. Holy Cross School is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans. In 1849 the", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2024911", "score": 0.669260561466217, "text": "Clontarf Aboriginal College the property were subdivided and became the residential suburb of Waterford. The name \"Clontarf\" comes from Clontarf (Irish: \"Cluain Tarbh\", meaning \"meadow of the bull\"), a wealthy suburb in the north-east of Dublin, Ireland, reflecting the origins of the founder of the Christian Brothers, Edmund Ignatius Rice, as well as many of the early Christian brothers. Clontarf, Ireland, was the site of the Battle of Clontarf in 1014 which saw the defeat of the Vikings by Brian Boru, a High King of Ireland from 1002 to 1014. In 1897, the Christian Brothers assumed control of the Sisters of Mercy orphanage", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2159520", "score": 0.6681117415428162, "text": "Jacques Marquette Father Jacques Marquette S.J. (June 1, 1637 – May 18, 1675), sometimes known as Père Marquette or James Marquette, was a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan's first European settlement, Sault Ste. Marie, and later founded St. Ignace, Michigan. In 1673 Father Marquette and Louis Jolliet were the first Europeans to explore and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River Valley. Jacques Marquette was born in Laon, France, on June 1, 1637, and joined the Society of Jesus at age 17. After he worked and taught in France for several years, the Jesuits assigned him to New", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1815549", "score": 0.6638845801353455, "text": "the Congregation of Holy Cross and patron of Holy Cross College. Holy Cross College (Indiana) Holy Cross College is a Roman Catholic, co-educational, residential institution of higher education in Notre Dame, Indiana. The college was founded in 1966 and is administered by members of the Congregation of Holy Cross. The college’s baccalaureate program focuses on experiential learning, founded upon a program of Four Pillars: Service Learning, Global Perspectives, Professional Internship, Classroom Experience which culminates in a Capstone Presentation. Each student completes the same multidisciplinary core courses. Electives may be taken which allow each student to gain knowledge and experience preferred", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-3349296", "score": 0.6637992858886719, "text": "George Cartier George Robinson Cartier (May 26, 1869 in Ludington, Michigan – October 21, 1944 in Tacoma, Washington) was an American football player and lumber baron in the Pacific northwest. Cartier was the quarterback for the very first game in the history of the Notre Dame football program — a 0-8 loss to Michigan on November 23, 1887. George was the younger brother of philanthropist Warren A. Cartier, for whom the university's Cartier Field was named. After graduating from Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana, Cartier relocated to South Bend, Washington, where he became co-founder and manager of the South", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-3365047", "score": 0.6633833646774292, "text": "University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame or ND) is a private, non-profit Catholic research university in Notre Dame, Indiana. The main campus covers in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), the Notre Dame Stadium, and the Basilica. The school was founded on November 26, 1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was also its first president. Notre Dame is consistently recognized as one of the top universities in the United States,", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3466279", "score": 0.659729540348053, "text": "History of Irish Americans in Boston academies, and one college (Boston College). The first New England native to be ordained to the Catholic priesthood was John Thayer, a Boston-born Congregationalist minister who converted to Catholicism in 1783. Thayer started the first Catholic congregation in Boston in 1790, ministering to French and Irish immigrants; eventually he moved to Limerick, Ireland, where he lived the rest of his life. The first church built in Boston for Catholics was the Holy Cross Church on Franklin Street, designed by Charles Bulfinch and built in 1803; it was demolished in 1862 and replaced by the Holy Cross Cathedral. The Roman Catholic", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2562943", "score": 0.6592662334442139, "text": "Third Order of Saint Francis members dispersed across several assignments at schools, prisons and hospitals. The Morris School for Boys, established in 1922 near Searcy, Arkansas, continues to be the brothers' primary ministry. The order's motherhouse remains in Aachen and the order maintains houses in Brazil, Holland and the United States. The Franciscan Brothers of the Holy Cross (FFSC) were founded by Brother James Wirth in 1862 in Hausen, Germany, to care for orphans, the poor, the sick, and the suffering. In 1891, three Brothers settled in Bad Kreuznach, where they eventually took over a local hospital, now known as St. Marienwörth. The Brothers were", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3387149", "score": 0.6592662334442139, "text": "Third Order of Saint Francis members dispersed across several assignments at schools, prisons and hospitals. The Morris School for Boys, established in 1922 near Searcy, Arkansas, continues to be the brothers' primary ministry. The order's motherhouse remains in Aachen and the order maintains houses in Brazil, Holland and the United States. The Franciscan Brothers of the Holy Cross (FFSC) were founded by Brother James Wirth in 1862 in Hausen, Germany, to care for orphans, the poor, the sick, and the suffering. In 1891, three Brothers settled in Bad Kreuznach, where they eventually took over a local hospital, now known as St. Marienwörth. The Brothers were", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1705179", "score": 0.6589686274528503, "text": "Healy family liquidated the plantation and other assets, while Hugh returned to New York with his younger siblings. There he arranged for them to be baptized as Catholics in the Church of St. Francis Xavier on June 13, 1851. Hugh Healy died at age 21 as a result of an infection contracted after a boating accident in the Hudson River. James Augustine Healy (1830–1900) graduated valedictorian of the Holy Cross's first graduating class in 1849. In 1962, Holy Cross christened its newest dormitory as Healy Hall in his honor, for his achievements in developing the Catholic diocese in Maine. He was consecrated", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-4027738", "score": 0.6587370038032532, "text": "Stonehill College Stonehill College is a private, non-profit, coeducational, Roman Catholic, liberal arts college located in Easton, Massachusetts, United States, founded in 1948. Stonehill is located south of Boston on a campus, the original estate of Frederick Lothrop Ames, Jr.. The campus map highlights 29 buildings that complement the original Georgian-style Ames mansion. Stonehill College was founded in 1948 by the Congregation of Holy Cross, whose members established the University of Notre Dame (1842). Other Holy Cross Colleges include Our Lady of Holy Cross College (Louisiana), King's College (Pennsylvania), the University of Portland, Saint Mary's College (Indiana), St. Edward's University,", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-467267", "score": 0.6585475206375122, "text": "James Augustine Healy in Flushing, New York, and Burlington, New Jersey. Later they each attended the newly opened College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts. James graduated as valedictorian of the college's first graduating class in 1849. Younger brothers Sherwood began at Holy Cross in 1844, and Michael in 1849 in its grammar school. Following graduation, James wished to enter the priesthood. He could not study at the Jesuit novitiate in Maryland, as it was a slave state. With the help of John Bernard Fitzpatrick, James entered a Sulpician seminary in Montreal. In 1852, he transferred to study at Saint Sulpice Seminary", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-998893", "score": 0.6585475206375122, "text": "James Augustine Healy in Flushing, New York, and Burlington, New Jersey. Later they each attended the newly opened College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts. James graduated as valedictorian of the college's first graduating class in 1849. Younger brothers Sherwood began at Holy Cross in 1844, and Michael in 1849 in its grammar school. Following graduation, James wished to enter the priesthood. He could not study at the Jesuit novitiate in Maryland, as it was a slave state. With the help of John Bernard Fitzpatrick, James entered a Sulpician seminary in Montreal. In 1852, he transferred to study at Saint Sulpice Seminary", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3705751", "score": 0.6582813858985901, "text": "James Augustine Healy in Flushing, New York, and Burlington, New Jersey. Later they each attended the newly opened College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts. James graduated as valedictorian of the college's first graduating class in 1849. Younger brothers Sherwood began at Holy Cross in 1844, and Michael in 1849 in its grammar school. Following graduation, James wished to enter the priesthood. He could not study at the Jesuit novitiate in Maryland, as it was a slave state. With the help of John Bernard Fitzpatrick, James entered a Sulpician seminary in Montreal. In 1852, he transferred to study at Saint Sulpice Seminary", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-3842389", "score": 0.6567359566688538, "text": "1887 Notre Dame football team The 1887 Notre Dame football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1887 college football season. The first game in Notre Dame football occurred in November 1887. Michigan had been playing football since 1879. Two players on Michigan's 1887 team, George Winthrop DeHaven, Jr. and William Warren Harless, had previously attended Notre Dame. In October 1887, DeHaven wrote to Brother Paul, who ran Notre Dame's intramural athletics program, telling him about the new game of football. Michigan had planned a game in Chicago on Thanksgiving Day, and the three men, DeHaven, Harless and", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2486002", "score": 0.6567330956459045, "text": "Brothers of Christian Instruction Leo XIII on March 13, 1891. From the motherhouse at Ploërmel, the brothers founded sites in England, Africa, Asia, North America, and Oceania. In 1886 the first brothers arrived in Montreal and were shortly afterwards introduced into the United States. To escape the effects of a curtailing certain kinds of religious schooling, the motherhouse was transferred to Taunton, England. In 1903, following through on the strict secularism of the 1901 law, the French government dissolved the brotherhood's French presence and confiscated its properties. At the same time, they established a presence in Bulgaria, Turkey, and Egypt. The Brothers of Christian", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-205", "score": 0.6668820977210999, "text": "The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them. The original Main Building built by Sorin just after he arrived was replaced by a larger \"Main Building\" in 1865, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Beginning in 1873, a library collection was started by Father Lemonnier. By 1879 it had grown to ten thousand volumes that were housed in the Main Building." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2106126", "score": 0.633527934551239, "text": "Wheeling Jesuit University Wheeling, lobbied the Society of Jesus to establish a university in the growing city. Over a century later, Whelan's original vision came to fruition. After a donor, Sara Tracy, left her estate to the diocese, it purchased land for a Jesuit college from Mt. De Chantal Visitation Academy. Wheeling College was founded through a partnership of the Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston with the Maryland Society of Jesus. Ground was broken on November 24, 1953, and the college was officially incorporated on September 25, 1954. It opened to students on September 26, 1955. The establishment of the college required $2.75 million in", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3824546", "score": 0.6332505345344543, "text": "History of Rutgers University at New Brunswick, selecting it over Hackensack, New Jersey. The Anglican population in New Brunswick supported the institution, thus receiving a royal charter for New Brunswick would be easier. It admitted its first students in 1771—a single sophomore and a handful of first-year students taught by a lone instructor (Frederick Frelinghuysen) —and granted its first degree in 1774, to Matthew Leydt. After opening, the college chose to not accept Native American students into the college despite other universities allowing Native American students to attend their schools. Despite the religious nature of the college, it first held classes at a tavern", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-600659", "score": 0.633242130279541, "text": "junior high schools, Collège Hector-Berlioz, Collège Saint-Exupéry, and Collège Françoise-Giroud; as well as a contracted private junior high school, Notre-Dame de la Providence. Public senior high schools/sixth-form colleges: Private senior high schools/sixth-form colleges: In 1970 the \"University of Paris VIII\" was established in Vincennes as France's first major experiment in open admissions education, as a result of the academic reforms which followed the student risings of 1968. Intended to lessen the French university system's traditional emphasis on formal and elitist schooling, the school (generally known simply as \"Vincennes\") admitted students without the usual entrance requirement of the \"baccalaureat\" degree and", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2380939", "score": 0.633242130279541, "text": "junior high schools, Collège Hector-Berlioz, Collège Saint-Exupéry, and Collège Françoise-Giroud; as well as a contracted private junior high school, Notre-Dame de la Providence. Public senior high schools/sixth-form colleges: Private senior high schools/sixth-form colleges: In 1970 the \"University of Paris VIII\" was established in Vincennes as France's first major experiment in open admissions education, as a result of the academic reforms which followed the student risings of 1968. Intended to lessen the French university system's traditional emphasis on formal and elitist schooling, the school (generally known simply as \"Vincennes\") admitted students without the usual entrance requirement of the \"baccalaureat\" degree and", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3781615", "score": 0.633242130279541, "text": "junior high schools, Collège Hector-Berlioz, Collège Saint-Exupéry, and Collège Françoise-Giroud; as well as a contracted private junior high school, Notre-Dame de la Providence. Public senior high schools/sixth-form colleges: Private senior high schools/sixth-form colleges: In 1970 the \"University of Paris VIII\" was established in Vincennes as France's first major experiment in open admissions education, as a result of the academic reforms which followed the student risings of 1968. Intended to lessen the French university system's traditional emphasis on formal and elitist schooling, the school (generally known simply as \"Vincennes\") admitted students without the usual entrance requirement of the \"baccalaureat\" degree and", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1230389", "score": 0.6331740021705627, "text": "(HBCU) because it was founded after the cut off date of 1964. Popular undergraduate degree programs at the university include Accounting, Addiction Counseling, Business Administration, Biology, Chemistry, Early Childhood Education, Environmental Science, Psychology, Religious Studies, Sociology, Criminal Justice and Liberal Arts. Its two graduate degrees are in Urban Ministries and Community Psychology. The university also has special programs in Long-Term Care and Medical Coding. Tuition in 2012–13 was $14,180, although 59% of the student body receives financial aid in the average amount of $2,600. Martin University Martin University in Indianapolis, Indiana, was founded by Boniface Hardin and Jane Edward Schilling", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2371977", "score": 0.6331610083580017, "text": "Higher education in Mauritius Aberystwyth University, established in 1872, was the first university in Wales. It was amongst the first in Britain to award degrees to women and opened the UK’s first women’s hall of residence in 1885. It was the first university in Wales to offer courses in a range of disciplines including computing, law, media and film, geography and in earth sciences. The world’s first Department of International Politics was established by Aberystwyth University. Starting as the College of Agriculture, the University of Mauritius, established in 1965, dominates the Tertiary Education Sector locally. Originally, it had three Schools, namely Agriculture, Administration and", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1226003", "score": 0.6331349611282349, "text": "History of the Knights of Columbus of 1899. As early as 1886, Supreme Knight James T. Mullen had proposed a patriotic degree with its own symbolic dress. About 1,400 members attended the first exemplification of the Fourth Degree at the Lenox Lyceum in New York on February 22, 1900. The event was infused with Catholic and patriotic symbols, imagery that \"celebrated American Catholic heritage.\" The two knights leading the ceremony, for example, were the Expositor of the Constitution and the Defender of the Faith. The ritual soon spread to other cities. The new Fourth Degree members returned to their councils, forming assemblies composed of members from", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1498935", "score": 0.6331279277801514, "text": "discharged through bankruptcy. The main types of student loans in the United States are the following: United States Government-backed student loans were first offered in 1958 under the National Defense Education Act (NDEA), and were only available to select categories of students, such as those studying toward engineering, science, or education degrees. The student loan program, along with other parts of the Act, which subsidized college professor training, was established in response to the Soviet Union's launch of the Sputnik satellite, and a widespread perception that the United States was falling behind in science and technology, in the middle of", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1156751", "score": 0.6330967545509338, "text": "in 1849 by Father Jean Gailhac. These two traditions of education have come together in Los Angeles as Loyola Marymount University. The present university is the direct heir to the pioneer Catholic college and first institution of higher learning in Southern California, St. Vincent's College, founded and run by the Vincentians until 1911. In 1865, the Vincentian Fathers were commissioned by Bishop Thaddeus Amat y Brusi to found St. Vincent's College for boys in Los Angeles. Father John Asmuth, C.M., served as the first President Rector. Classes were held for two years in the Lugo Adobe on the east side", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2374101", "score": 0.6330967545509338, "text": "in 1849 by Father Jean Gailhac. These two traditions of education have come together in Los Angeles as Loyola Marymount University. The present university is the direct heir to the pioneer Catholic college and first institution of higher learning in Southern California, St. Vincent's College, founded and run by the Vincentians until 1911. In 1865, the Vincentian Fathers were commissioned by Bishop Thaddeus Amat y Brusi to found St. Vincent's College for boys in Los Angeles. Father John Asmuth, C.M., served as the first President Rector. Classes were held for two years in the Lugo Adobe on the east side", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1366876", "score": 0.6330881118774414, "text": "James Augustine Healy in Paris, working toward a doctorate and a career as a seminary professor. After a change of heart, he decided to become a pastor. On June 10, 1854, he was ordained at the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris as a priest to serve in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the first African American to be ordained a Roman Catholic priest; at the time he identified as and was accepted as white Irish Catholic. During the 19th century, numerous Americans studied for the priesthood in Paris. When Healy returned to the United States, he became an assistant pastor in Boston. He served", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-3728082", "score": 0.6330354809761047, "text": "History of Catholic education in the United States the Church's special role in United States and also a conviction that scientific and humanistic research, informed by the Faith, would only strengthen the Church. They sought to develop an institution like a national university that would promote the Faith in a context of religious freedom, spiritual pluralism, and intellectual rigor. When the University first opened for classes in the fall of 1888, the curriculum consisted of lectures in mental and moral philosophy, English literature, the Sacred Scriptures, and the various branches of theology. At the end of the second term, lectures on canon law were added and the first", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-3148382", "score": 0.633026659488678, "text": "Army–Notre Dame football rivalry The Army–Notre Dame football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Army Black Knights football team of the United States Military Academy and Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team of the University of Notre Dame. The rivalry dates back to 1913, when both teams were among the top college football programs in the United States. The first Army–Notre Dame game in 1913 is generally regarded as the game that established the national reputation of the Fighting Irish. In that game, Notre Dame revolutionized the forward pass in a stunning 35–13 victory. For years it", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-225157", "score": 0.6329589486122131, "text": "History of the University of Arkansas The History of the University of Arkansas began with its establishment in Fayetteville, Arkansas, in 1871 under the Morrill Act, as the Arkansas Industrial College. Over the period of its nearly 140-year history, the school has grown from two small buildings on a hilltop to a university with diverse colleges and prominent graduate programs. Its presidents have included Civil War general Daniel Harvey Hill, John C. Futrall, and J. William Fulbright. Prior to the establishment of the University of Arkansas, higher education existed sporadically throughout the state of Arkansas in the form of small", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-3421430", "score": 0.6329575181007385, "text": "Undergraduate degree according to the Shanghai ranking, and is 1st according to the QS ranking. UC has four campuses in Santiago and one campus in Villarrica. The campuses in Santiago are: These four campuses have a total of 223,326.06 m constructed in a 614,569.92 m area. The Villarrica campus has 1,664 m constructed in a 2,362.5 m area. UC was founded on June 21, 1888 by the Santiago Archbishop, to offer training in traditional professions (law) and in technological and practical fields such as business, accounting, chemistry, and electricity. Its first chancellor was Monsignor Joaquín Larraín Gandarillas, and at the very beginning,", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1284899", "score": 0.632955014705658, "text": "Duquesne University School of Pharmacy The School of Pharmacy is one of the ten degree-granting divisions that comprise Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The school's first pharmacy class matriculated in September 1925 under the leadership of the founding dean, Dr. Hugh C. Muldoon, and graduated in 1928. In May 2000, the School of Pharmacy graduated its first entry-level Doctor of Pharmacy class. The School of Pharmacy is housed in Duquesne University's Mellon Hall of Science, with new administrative, faculty, and student services offices located in the adjacent Bayer Learning Center. The full-time on-campus Pharm.D. program is arranged in two phases:", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2858037", "score": 0.632942795753479, "text": "Stevens Institute of Technology of engineering science (following the French and German scientific and polytechnic schools), rather than the shop schools that were common at that time. \"Mechanical Engineer\" (M.E.) was the original degree offered, in addition to a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering, chemistry, or physics. Stevens granted several Ph.D.s between 1870 and 1900, making it one of the earliest Ph.D. granting institutions in the United States. The broad-based interdisciplinary philosophy was put into practice by the founders from the first graduating class. Despite the title of the degree and concentration in mechanical engineering, the curriculum included courses in all engineering disciplines of the", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-218927", "score": 0.6329195499420166, "text": "The university now offers graduate and doctoral degrees, and serves more than 20,000 students enrolled annually in online and on-campus classes at campuses in three states. Founded as Wilmington College, the institution officially became Wilmington University on September 10, 2007, after the approval of the Board of Trustees and the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The name was changed to reflect the emphasis on undergraduate and postgraduate degree programs. Wilmington University offers nearly 100 degree and certificate programs across its seven academic colleges and 14 campus locations throughout Delaware, New Jersey, and Maryland, as well as dozens of academic", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2869927", "score": 0.6329195499420166, "text": "The university now offers graduate and doctoral degrees, and serves more than 20,000 students enrolled annually in online and on-campus classes at campuses in three states. Founded as Wilmington College, the institution officially became Wilmington University on September 10, 2007, after the approval of the Board of Trustees and the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The name was changed to reflect the emphasis on undergraduate and postgraduate degree programs. Wilmington University offers nearly 100 degree and certificate programs across its seven academic colleges and 14 campus locations throughout Delaware, New Jersey, and Maryland, as well as dozens of academic", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-206", "score": 0.6708828806877136, "text": "The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them. The original Main Building built by Sorin just after he arrived was replaced by a larger \"Main Building\" in 1865, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Beginning in 1873, a library collection was started by Father Lemonnier. By 1879 it had grown to ten thousand volumes that were housed in the Main Building." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2805163", "score": 0.6372478008270264, "text": "opened for tenants in 1928, though the Union Terminal complex wasn't dedicated until 1930. It remained the tallest building in the world outside of New York City until the completion of the main building of Moscow State University in Moscow in 1953; it was the tallest building in North America outside of New York until the Prudential Center in Boston, Massachusetts, was completed in 1964. Radio station WHK placed antennas on the building to increase the range of its 1420 kHz signal. In the 1980s, developers sought approval to make their proposed BP Building taller than the Terminal Tower, but", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2962243", "score": 0.6372478008270264, "text": "opened for tenants in 1928, though the Union Terminal complex wasn't dedicated until 1930. It remained the tallest building in the world outside of New York City until the completion of the main building of Moscow State University in Moscow in 1953; it was the tallest building in North America outside of New York until the Prudential Center in Boston, Massachusetts, was completed in 1964. Radio station WHK placed antennas on the building to increase the range of its 1420 kHz signal. In the 1980s, developers sought approval to make their proposed BP Building taller than the Terminal Tower, but", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2049666", "score": 0.6360348463058472, "text": "Dulin House was designed in 1915 by prominent architect John Russell Pope in the Neoclassical Revival style. The house had limited space, however, and the lack of security and climate control prevented the museum's accreditation by the American Association of Museums. In 1984, the Board of Trustees voted to build a new facility at the site of 1982 World's Fair in downtown Knoxville. The name was changed to \"Knoxville Museum of Art\" in 1987. The new facility, designed by noted architect Edward Larrabee Barnes, opened on March 25, 1990. The Edward Larrabee Barnes-designed modern building is named in honor of", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1062245", "score": 0.635918915271759, "text": "Herzen, dismissed his architecture as \"reactionary manifestation of the tyrant's rule\". The Soviet authorities, labelling Thon's churches \"ugly chests of drawers\", systematically destroyed as many of them as possible, including all his churches in St Petersburg and vicinity and the work of his life, the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The fall of the Soviet rule in 1991 brought about a renewed interest in the work of the Neo-Russian-Byzantine master. Konstantin Thon Konstantin Andreyevich Thon, also spelled Ton (; October 26, 1794 – January 25, 1881) was an official architect of Imperial Russia during the reign of Nicholas I. His", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1172737", "score": 0.6358683109283447, "text": "the United States. The UN Secretariat Building was renovated, starting in May 2010, and reopened via phased reoccupancy with the first occupants moving in July 2012. On October 29, 2012, the basement of the UN complex was flooded due to Hurricane Sandy, leading to a three-day closure and the relocation of several offices. The building style has inspired some notable copies, including the Headquarters of South Lanarkshire Council in Hamilton, Scotland, known locally as the \"County Buildings\". Notes Further reading United Nations Secretariat Building The United Nations Secretariat Building is a tall skyscraper and the centerpiece of the headquarters of", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1410481", "score": 0.6358683109283447, "text": "the United States. The UN Secretariat Building was renovated, starting in May 2010, and reopened via phased reoccupancy with the first occupants moving in July 2012. On October 29, 2012, the basement of the UN complex was flooded due to Hurricane Sandy, leading to a three-day closure and the relocation of several offices. The building style has inspired some notable copies, including the Headquarters of South Lanarkshire Council in Hamilton, Scotland, known locally as the \"County Buildings\". Notes Further reading United Nations Secretariat Building The United Nations Secretariat Building is a tall skyscraper and the centerpiece of the headquarters of", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1494453", "score": 0.6358683109283447, "text": "the United States. The UN Secretariat Building was renovated, starting in May 2010, and reopened via phased reoccupancy with the first occupants moving in July 2012. On October 29, 2012, the basement of the UN complex was flooded due to Hurricane Sandy, leading to a three-day closure and the relocation of several offices. The building style has inspired some notable copies, including the Headquarters of South Lanarkshire Council in Hamilton, Scotland, known locally as the \"County Buildings\". Notes Further reading United Nations Secretariat Building The United Nations Secretariat Building is a tall skyscraper and the centerpiece of the headquarters of", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1355241", "score": 0.6349269151687622, "text": "Oakland City Center in the archives of the Oakland Tribune, residents were evicted from several residential hotels for purported code enforcement reasons under an aggressive plan called \"Operation Padlock.\" Several pawnshops and Oakland's Moulin Rouge Theatre were leveled. According to Dr. Richard A. Walker, professor of geography at the University of California, Berkeley, the much-beloved delicatessen, Ratto's, which had been in business since around the turn of the century, was threatened by demolition before citizen protest saved it. The first office building, at 14th and Broadway, opened on December 18, 1973. The first skyscraper, the Clorox Building, opened next door in 1976. However,", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1920306", "score": 0.6342133283615112, "text": "city at the time. Although the commerce-focused building featured 14 miles of floor space and could accommodate one-third of the city's population, the Great Depression in the United States stifled initial participation. The building was purchased by South Texas Junior College in the 1960s, which became the University of College in 1974. The building remains as a largest facility of the University of Houston–Downtown and was given an official designation as \"One Main Building,\" or simply the \"Main Building,\" by the university. Merchants and Manufacturers Building The One Main Building, formerly the Merchants and Manufacturers Building (commonly referred to as", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1413831", "score": 0.6340613961219788, "text": "Old Main (University of Wyoming) Order. Construction was completed on September 1, 1887; just in time for classes to begin on September 6, 1887. When opened, Old Main was called the University Building because it housed the entire university: classrooms, labs, administration, maintenance, an auditorium and a library were included, plus a two-story, 500-seat auditorium on the second level that quickly became the entertainment center for Laramie. The central spire was removed in 1916 due to structural concerns, completely changing the character of the structure, and resulting in a somewhat awkward central section (now hidden by two large spruce trees). After the campus expanded the", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-4027348", "score": 0.6335881352424622, "text": "modern style. It opened August 4, 1938 with a double bill of \"Having a Wonderful Time\" and \"Sky Giant\". It closed for demolition on June 15, 1960, in order to make way for the Penn South housing development, and was gutted by fire June 29. RKO Pictures later constructed a new theater called Chelsea West Cinemas in Penn South just west of the old opera house, now used by the School of Visual Arts as the SVA Theater. Notes Sources Grand Opera House (Manhattan) Pike's Opera House, later renamed the Grand Opera House, was a theater in New York City", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-395598", "score": 0.6332376003265381, "text": "Architecture of Albany, New York large \"podium\" containing the academic and administrative buildings. Four dormitory complexes, each centered by a high-rise housing tower surrounded by a low-rise grouping of support buildings, are located at each corner of the podium. The architecture called for much use of concrete and glass, and the style has slender, round-topped columns and pillars reminiscent of those at Lincoln Center in New York City. Downtown Albany has seen a revival in recent decades, often considered to have begun with Norstar Bank's renovation of the former Union Station as its corporate headquarters in 1986. The \"Times Union\" Center (TU Center), originally known", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2088466", "score": 0.6332376003265381, "text": "Architecture of Albany, New York large \"podium\" containing the academic and administrative buildings. Four dormitory complexes, each centered by a high-rise housing tower surrounded by a low-rise grouping of support buildings, are located at each corner of the podium. The architecture called for much use of concrete and glass, and the style has slender, round-topped columns and pillars reminiscent of those at Lincoln Center in New York City. Downtown Albany has seen a revival in recent decades, often considered to have begun with Norstar Bank's renovation of the former Union Station as its corporate headquarters in 1986. The \"Times Union\" Center (TU Center), originally known", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-172857", "score": 0.6330258846282959, "text": "Reynolds Building The Reynolds Building is a Art Deco skyscraper at 51 E. 4th Street in Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, North Carolina with of space. It was completed in 1929 and has 21 floors. In April 2016, its first six floors opened as the Kimpton Cardinal Hotel, with apartments located on the 11 floors above. The site of the Reynolds Building at Fourth and main streets was previously home to Winston's first city hall, built in 1892 and used as the first Winston-Salem city hall after the 1913 merger. When the city needed a larger city hall, the old one was", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-657045", "score": 0.6330258846282959, "text": "Reynolds Building The Reynolds Building is a Art Deco skyscraper at 51 E. 4th Street in Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, North Carolina with of space. It was completed in 1929 and has 21 floors. In April 2016, its first six floors opened as the Kimpton Cardinal Hotel, with apartments located on the 11 floors above. The site of the Reynolds Building at Fourth and main streets was previously home to Winston's first city hall, built in 1892 and used as the first Winston-Salem city hall after the 1913 merger. When the city needed a larger city hall, the old one was", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1762271", "score": 0.6327604651451111, "text": "Key Building The Key Building (formerly known as the \"Second National Bank Building\") is a high-rise office building located at 159 South Main Street in the city of Akron, Ohio. Construction of the building began in 1910 and was completed in 1911. The building stands at a height of 150 feet, making it one of the tallest buildings in the city. The elaborate brickwork and delicate ornamentation of its facade and rigid-frame structural system are prime examples of characteristics that define neoclassical architecture. KeyBank moved out of the building in 2011 and opened a new branch and regional headquarters a", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1924578", "score": 0.6327604651451111, "text": "Key Building The Key Building (formerly known as the \"Second National Bank Building\") is a high-rise office building located at 159 South Main Street in the city of Akron, Ohio. Construction of the building began in 1910 and was completed in 1911. The building stands at a height of 150 feet, making it one of the tallest buildings in the city. The elaborate brickwork and delicate ornamentation of its facade and rigid-frame structural system are prime examples of characteristics that define neoclassical architecture. KeyBank moved out of the building in 2011 and opened a new branch and regional headquarters a", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-262612", "score": 0.6319587230682373, "text": "Troy Public Library The Troy Public library is the main public library building in the city of Troy, New York, and is located across the street from Russell Sage College in downtown Troy. Currently, the library has one other location, the Lansingburgh branch, which had been temporarily closed in 2009 due to budget concerns. The Sycaway branch was also temporarily closed in January 2009 but has been closed permanently since 2011. The first library began in 1799. The current building was completed in 1897 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, both in its own right and", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2881504", "score": 0.6317459940910339, "text": "Edward F. Sorin (statue) Edward F. Sorin is an outdoor sculpture by Italian sculptor Ernesto Biondi (January 30, 1855 – 1917). It is located on the campus of the University of Notre Dame near South Bend, Indiana. The eight foot tall statue depicting the founder of Notre Dame is placed on the main quadrangle of the University near the Main Building. The statue, made of bronze, was unveiled on its campus on May 3, 1906. “Edward F. Sorin” is a life-sized statue composed of bronze, a favorite material of artist Ernesto Biondi. It measures 8 ft. x 2 ft. 6", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-643932", "score": 0.631729245185852, "text": "2 World Trade Center 2 World Trade Center (also known as 200 Greenwich Street) is a skyscraper under construction (though halted) as part of the World Trade Center complex in Manhattan, New York City. It will replace the original 2 World Trade Center, which was completed in 1972, and subsequently destroyed during the September 11 attacks in 2001. The foundation work was completed in 2013. When completed in 1973, 2 World Trade Center (the South Tower) became the second tallest building in the world—outmatched only by its twin, 1 World Trade Center. The South Tower's rooftop observation deck was high", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-207", "score": 0.6453713178634644, "text": "The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them. The original Main Building built by Sorin just after he arrived was replaced by a larger \"Main Building\" in 1865, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Beginning in 1873, a library collection was started by Father Lemonnier. By 1879 it had grown to ten thousand volumes that were housed in the Main Building." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1050250", "score": 0.6128157377243042, "text": "Vespasiano da Bisticci were, as typical of the era, books of theology and liturgical chant. He had performed important services for the diffusion of classical authors when Nicholas V, the true founder of the Vatican Library, became pope. He devoted fourteen years to collecting the library of Federico da Montefeltro, the Duke of Urbino, organizing it in a more modern manner; it contained the catalogues of the Vatican, of San Marco, Florence, of the Visconti Library at Pavia, and Oxford. Vespasiano had a limited knowledge of Latin, and he is one of the few writers of the time who acknowledged it. Untrained as", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-3382472", "score": 0.6125988364219666, "text": "Sumerian and Babylonian materials, including literary texts; history; omens; astronomical calculations; mathematical tables; grammatical and linguistic tables; dictionaries; and commercial records and laws. All of these tablets were cataloged and arranged in logical order by subject or type, each having an identification tag. The Great Library of Alexandria, created by Ptolemy I after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, was created to house the entirety of Greek literature. It was notable for its famous librarians: Demetrius, Zenodotus, Eratosthenes, Apollonius, Aristophanes, Aristarchus, and Callimachus. These scholars contributed significantly to the collection and cataloging of the wide variety of", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1236396", "score": 0.6125504374504089, "text": "(I3) program, [NASA], and NSF itself . Successful research proposals came from six U.S. universities The universities included Carnegie Mellon University, University of California-Berkeley, University of Michigan, University of Illinois, University of California-Santa Barbara, and Stanford University. Stanford research, by Sergey_Brin and Larry_Page led to the founding of Google. Early attempts at creating a model for digital libraries included the DELOS \"Digital Library Reference Model\" and the 5S Framework. The term \"digital libraries\" was first popularized by the NSF/DARPA/NASA Digital Libraries Initiative in 1994. With the availability of the computer networks the information resources are expected to stay distributed and", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1674466", "score": 0.6123904585838318, "text": "without. In 1831, the novel \"Notre-Dame de Paris\" by Victor Hugo, published in English as \"The Hunchback of Notre-Dame\" had an enormous success, and brought the cathedral new attention. In 1844 King Louis Philippe ordered that the church be restored. The commission for the restoration was won by two architects, Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Lassus and Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, who was then just 31 years old. They supervised a large team of sculptors, glass makers and other craftsmen who remade, working from drawings or engravings, the original decoration, or, if they did not have a model, adding new elements they felt were in the", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-3827947", "score": 0.6123219132423401, "text": "History of libraries in 1757 by the Royal Library, assembled by various British monarchs. The first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars opened on 15 January 1759, and in 1757, King George II granted it the right to a copy of every book published in the country, thereby ensuring that the Museum's library would expand indefinitely. Anthony Panizzi became the Principal Librarian at the British Library in 1856, where he oversaw its modernization. During his tenure, the Library's holdings increased from 235,000 to 540,000 volumes, making it the largest library in the world at the time. Its famous circular Reading Room was", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2362283", "score": 0.612109899520874, "text": "Father Hesburgh and Father Joyce Fathers Theodore Hesburgh and Edmund Joyce is an outdoor statue on the University of Notre Dame campus. Located on the South side of the Hesburgh Library facing the reflecting pool, the sculpture was designed and built by artist Lou Cella, a member of the Rotblatt-Amrany Fine Art Studio, and is currently owned by the University of Notre Dame. The larger than life bronze statue of Fathers Theodore Hesburgh and Edmund Joyce welcomes each and every visitor entering the south side of the Hesburgh Library. Father Joyce (left) stands 7-feet-4-inches in height, and Father Hesburgh (right)", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-539299", "score": 0.6120920777320862, "text": "(I3) program, [NASA], and NSF itself . Successful research proposals came from six U.S. universities The universities included Carnegie Mellon University, University of California-Berkeley, University of Michigan, University of Illinois, University of California-Santa Barbara, and Stanford University. Stanford research, by Sergey_Brin and Larry_Page led to the founding of Google. Early attempts at creating a model for digital libraries included the DELOS \"Digital Library Reference Model\" and the 5S Framework. The term \"digital libraries\" was first popularized by the NSF/DARPA/NASA Digital Libraries Initiative in 1994. With the availability of the computer networks the information resources are expected to stay distributed and", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2588910", "score": 0.6120385527610779, "text": "Renaissance The most important humanists living in Matthias' court were Antonio Bonfini and the famous Hungarian poet Janus Pannonius. András Hess set up a printing press in Buda in 1472. Matthias Corvinus's library, the \"Bibliotheca Corviniana\", was Europe's greatest collections of secular books: historical chronicles, philosophic and scientific works in the 15th century. His library was second only in size to the Vatican Library. (However, the Vatican Library mainly contained Bibles and religious materials.) In 1489, Bartolomeo della Fonte of Florence wrote that Lorenzo de' Medici founded his own Greek-Latin library encouraged by the example of the Hungarian king. Corvinus's library", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2964785", "score": 0.6118665337562561, "text": "National Library of Malta The National Library of Malta (), often known as the Bibliotheca (), is a reference library in Republic Square, Valletta, Malta. It was founded by Grand Master Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc in 1776 out of the collections of the knight Louis Guérin de Tencin. It has been a legal deposit library since 1925, and it has the largest collection of Melitensia along with that of the University of Malta. The library also contains the archives of the Order of St. John, the Università of Mdina and the Università of Valletta. The library is housed in a late", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-4028932", "score": 0.6117653250694275, "text": "History of libraries in 1757 by the Royal Library, assembled by various British monarchs. The first exhibition galleries and reading room for scholars opened on 15 January 1759, and in 1757, King George II granted it the right to a copy of every book published in the country, thereby ensuring that the Museum's library would expand indefinitely. Anthony Panizzi became the Principal Librarian at the British Library in 1856, where he oversaw its modernization. During his tenure, the Library's holdings increased from 235,000 to 540,000 volumes, making it the largest library in the world at the time. Its famous circular Reading Room was", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1532804", "score": 0.6114440560340881, "text": "History of Christianity in Ireland island. These monasteries served as sanctuary to many of the continents great scholars and theologians. It was here that the lamp of Latin learning was preserved for the ages. During this age, the great illuminated manuscripts of Ireland were produced. Arguably the finest such work is \"The Book of Kells\" which may still be viewed at Trinity College, Dublin. The first significant renewal of learning in the West came with the Carolingian Renaissance of the Early Middle Ages. Charlemagne, advised by Peter of Pisa and Alcuin of York, attracted the scholars of England and Ireland, and by decree in AD", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-344404", "score": 0.6113790273666382, "text": "to the development of library collections. It was also in part thanks to Naude that some libraries began to lend books outside of the precincts of the library. John Dury is considered to be the first English library theorist. He wrote two letters to Samuel Hartlib concerning the duties of a professional librarian, which were published in 1650 as \"The Reformed Librarie-Keeper\". He held that librarians should not only care for the books, but should also be well educated and accomplished to raise the standards of librarianship. Furthermore, he advocated that librarians deserve a living wage in order to use", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2066835", "score": 0.6109274625778198, "text": "than real. It is estimated that at one time, this library contained between 30 and 70 percent of all works in existence. The re-founded modern library has a non-universal collections policy. As a phrase, the \"universal library\" can be traced back to the naturalist Conrad Gessner's \"Bibliotheca universalis\" of 1545. In the 17th century, the ideal of universality continued to be attractive. The French librarian Gabriel Naudé wrote: And therefore I shall ever think it extremely necessary, to collect for this purpose all sorts of books, (under such precautions, yet, as I shall establish) seeing a Library which is erected", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2475782", "score": 0.6107780933380127, "text": "to the development of library collections. It was also in part thanks to Naude that some libraries began to lend books outside of the precincts of the library. John Dury is considered to be the first English library theorist. He wrote two letters to Samuel Hartlib concerning the duties of a professional librarian, which were published in 1650 as \"The Reformed Librarie-Keeper\". He held that librarians should not only care for the books, but should also be well educated and accomplished to raise the standards of librarianship. Furthermore, he advocated that librarians deserve a living wage in order to use", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2144053", "score": 0.6107641458511353, "text": "University College Dublin University of Ireland was opened in 1854 and John Henry Newman was appointed as its first rector. Newman had been an integral figure in the Oxford Movement in the 19th Century. The Catholic University opened its doors on the feast of St Malachy, 3 November 1854. On that day the names of seventeen students were entered on the register and Newman gave the students an address \"What are we here for\" and prophesied that in later years they would look back with pride on the day. The university opened with three houses: 86 St Stephen's Green, which was known as", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2311629", "score": 0.6107641458511353, "text": "University College Dublin University of Ireland was opened in 1854 and John Henry Newman was appointed as its first rector. Newman had been an integral figure in the Oxford Movement in the 19th Century. The Catholic University opened its doors on the feast of St Malachy, 3 November 1854. On that day the names of seventeen students were entered on the register and Newman gave the students an address \"What are we here for\" and prophesied that in later years they would look back with pride on the day. The university opened with three houses: 86 St Stephen's Green, which was known as", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-3189818", "score": 0.6107641458511353, "text": "University College Dublin University of Ireland was opened in 1854 and John Henry Newman was appointed as its first rector. Newman had been an integral figure in the Oxford Movement in the 19th Century. The Catholic University opened its doors on the feast of St Malachy, 3 November 1854. On that day the names of seventeen students were entered on the register and Newman gave the students an address \"What are we here for\" and prophesied that in later years they would look back with pride on the day. The university opened with three houses: 86 St Stephen's Green, which was known as", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-148", "score": 0.6107151508331299, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-149", "score": 0.6107151508331299, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-150", "score": 0.6107151508331299, "text": "Since the construction of its oldest buildings, the university's physical plant has grown substantially. Over the years 29 residence halls have been built to accommodate students and each has been constructed with its own chapel. Many academic building were added together with a system of libraries, the most prominent of which is the Theodore Hesburgh Library, built in 1963 and today containing almost 4 million books. Since 2004, several buildings have been added, including the DeBartolo Performing Arts Center, the Guglielmino Complex, and the Jordan Hall of Science. Additionally, a new residence for men, Duncan Hall, was begun on March 8, 2007, and began accepting residents for the Fall 2008 semester. Ryan Hall was completed and began housing undergraduate women in the fall of 2009. A new engineering building, Stinson-Remick Hall, a new combination Center for Social Concerns/Institute for Church Life building, Geddes Hall, and a law school addition have recently been completed as well. Additionally the new hockey arena opened in the fall of 2011. The Stayer Center for Executive Education, which houses the Mendoza College of Business Executive Education Department opened in March 2013 just South of the Mendoza College of Business building. Because of its long athletic tradition, the university features also many building dedicated to sport. The most famous is Notre Dame Stadium, home of the Fighting Irish football team; it has been renovated several times and today it can hold more than 80 thousand people. Prominent venues include also the Edmund P. Joyce Center, with indoor basketball and volleyball courts, and the Compton Family Ice Arena, a two-rink facility dedicated to hockey. Also, there are many outdoor fields, as the Frank Eck Stadium for baseball.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]