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seongil-dn

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seongil-dn_mteb-eli5-with-reddit_perc

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[ { "id": "corpus-119", "score": 0.723197340965271, "text": "A lot of it is because the group tries to make its fans into a \"community\" (Juggalos). Like, fans of a band like, say, the Black Keys, are just people who happen to like the Black Keys. But ICP specifically encourages fans, \"Hey, dress up like us, be like us, be part of something,\" and then the fans encourage each other to do it too. People like that. They like feeling like they're part of a group. It's the same kind of thing with Lady Gaga and her \"Little Monsters,\" just a different type of music." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-94319", "score": 0.6592040657997131, "text": "A Juggalo is someone who identifies with the culture associated with ICP. Often, they refer to themselves as 'Ninjas' or 'Family.' The 'religion' thing is simple. The 'band' came out in a song, saying in no uncertain terms, that they are religious, and all their ideology and all the messages they had been putting forth in their music was to promote Christianity. The magnet thing is from the song 'Miracles' where the entire song discusses 'miracles' such as magnets, and how such things can't be explained. Hence, the lyric 'Magnets, how the fuck do they work?' There you have it, without any opinions added in. Is there anything you'd like explained further? **Edit:**According to a jiggalo on here, it isn't about Christianity, but promoting a belief in a higher power.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-37849", "score": 0.6584815382957458, "text": "They are everywhere because everyone has a skull tatt and everyone has a skull tatt because they are everywhere. Its a viscous circle.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1034282", "score": 0.657522439956665, "text": "Preliminary observation would indicate they are common circus clowns that have sustained severe head trauma (clown car accident?), but closer inspection (average shoe-size, significantly less terrifying to children) leads me to doubt that hypothesis. Have any of you fine scientists done research into the origin, life cycle or reproductive habits of the juggalo? Are they variations of clowns, mimes, or something else entirely?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-389078", "score": 0.6541142463684082, "text": "No hate or anything I just dont get it. Why do people love it so much, I've heard people compare it to Orgins or Mob in quality.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1021365", "score": 0.6509037613868713, "text": "I know each individual has different motivations, I know there is a mental health component, I've heard many are aligned with alt-right ideologies, but what the fuck is going on ? why does this keep happening, and why seemingly only here? \n\nTo be clear, im specifically talking about the mass shootings, not gang violence which is a whole separate issue.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-548587", "score": 0.6496164798736572, "text": "Hey all-\n\nI am interested in filming a documentary series on different subcultures of music. I couldn't think of a better group to start with than the Juggalos. From my guess and quick look at the boards, I believe that the community is severely misunderstood. \n\nAdmittedly, I know very little. I am looking to interview some fans regarding their fandom, connection to the band, and everything else ICP.\n\nLooking forward to the help.\n\nThanks,\n\nJL", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1011632", "score": 0.6489233374595642, "text": "There was a time when I wouldn't take the idea of Juggalo family seriously. I would make fun of people who would call themselves Juggalo. Mind you, it was never the music. I actually kinda like ICP and other Psychopathic groups. I just thought of the Juggalo culture as a joke. Recently I was introduced to an actual Family of Juggalos. They have been nothing but nice to me. They always invite me over to eat and party. When I say that I can't make it because I have little to no gas, they offer me gas money, a place to crash when I get drunk, and more importantly they offer me friendship. They have really blown away my whole illusion of what Juggalos really are. I'm sorry that I ever thought of the Juggalo culture as a joke. Juggalos are probably the nicest and best people I have had the pleasure of being around. Thanks.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-72609", "score": 0.6469055414199829, "text": "It's similar to the reason we shitpost on the Internet. Being part of a mob gives people a partial sense of anonymity, allowing them to drop their inhibitions and behave with less fear of being held accountable.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-892876", "score": 0.6426296234130859, "text": "This is going to sound insane and i don't even listen to these guys but they mention fucking all 52 states in their lyrics. This has probably been brought up before but i find it odd that other people would remember 52 states because i was taught in school there are 52 states......bizarre yes but im actually telling the truth\n\nhere is the song its called fuck the word by insane clown posse\n\n", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1020707", "score": 0.6372199058532715, "text": "I'm just really baffled by the fact that people are legitimately clinging onto this movement. Just curious as to what others think on this topic.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1111984", "score": 0.6338010430335999, "text": "does anyone know why random people would follow me that has like 10k followers", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-34034", "score": 0.6334923505783081, "text": "As stated previously a punk artist collective. However their list of grievances is somewhat longer than anyone here so far has said. Part of the issue is many of their activities take place in masks so it's hard to press charges against any one person, and people drift in and out of the group. So I believe they're making an example of the two caught right now. Here are some of their demonstrations: _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1100198", "score": 0.6331993937492371, "text": "Hi, I live in Sweden and was wondering if there are any Swedish juggalos on this page?", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1936521", "score": 0.6325730085372925, "text": "I just saw someone mention them on a post the other day. Is this music shit or just gang related stuff what are they? Do every borough got they own movements and alliances or BK and the BX just different like that?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-29578", "score": 0.6309151649475098, "text": "Same reason Nickelback keeps making music... people keep buying the shit.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-890286", "score": 0.6284317970275879, "text": "Soooo, if Paddock was a bag-man (weapons runner) for Clowns in America, and ISIS is a product of several entities (to include Clowns in America), then it makes sense why ISIS came up on the net so quickly after the LV shooting to claim it. Clowns must really have wanted to distract from the event. Notice that there is not a peep about this horrific mass shooting anywhere these days?", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-390111", "score": 0.6276867985725403, "text": "There's so many meme rappers that have only like 10 followers and a small handful with 10k-50k followers lil dicky, ugly god and shotgun willy are the only ones I can name that have made a name for them self's why is that?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-808361", "score": 0.627566397190094, "text": "I spent a long time trying to read the wiki article of what on earth happened and I still don’t get it lmao \n\nAlso their website makes no sense\n\nSome dude ended up attacking some other cult member on the mountain or something?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2072568", "score": 0.626995861530304, "text": "They are doing phenomenal, don’t get me wrong, but I, along with some of my friends, don’t really get the hype around them, they sold out wembly in 90 minutes, like, how? So that being said, could someone explain why or how they’ve gotten so big and what the hype around them \n\nJust a small edit to thank everyone who has answered my question so far, I really appreciate it", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-656515", "score": 0.6268691420555115, "text": "Why do people from other states or city’s so interested in the inner workings of gang culture in LA? I see a lot of people not from Cali in a calibanging thread and it makes no sense to me why put your two sense in on a situation you truly know nothing about???", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-120", "score": 0.7908401489257812, "text": "I believe it has something to do with the rate at which heat from your body is transferred to the material. Your body is hotter than both the fabric and the spoon, which are at the same temperature, but the spoon conducts the heat at a faster rate and so you feel it as being colder. Please correct me if I am wrong or missing some details." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-290297", "score": 0.7509876489639282, "text": "To add up to the other comment: - Feeling that something is cold is not a good measurement of its Temperature. We are basically able feel energy loss, not temperature. - It's possible that an object reaches a temperature below the one of its sorrounding thermal bath by means of radiative cooling.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-316805", "score": 0.750892698764801, "text": "Generally speaking we don't really feel the temperature of substances directly. We feel the energy they're taking away from us or giving to us. So cold air feels that way because we're giving up a lot of thermal energy to it. If you're wearing a thick jacket the air inside the jacket gets heated so that you are no longer losing energy to it and you feel comfortable. If you are naked and the air is moving briskly it whisks away the energy so you'll feel cold and especially uncomfortable.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-161502", "score": 0.750856339931488, "text": "The air isn't colder, it only feels cold because it move across your skin - causing enough of a pressure drop to have some moisture evaporate - which takes energy with it making your skin slightly cooler. EDIT: Another factor is movement, if you are sitting still then your body heat may generate a bubble of warm air around you, the fan disturbs this and helps the air around you to return to room temperature.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-235857", "score": 0.7505254149436951, "text": "You don't directly feel temperature but instead feel heat transfer, which is why a plastic playground slide may not feel as hot as the scalding rivets—they are likely the same temperature (or very nearly so), but the metal transfers heat much better so it *feels* hotter. Wind chill can thus look at heat transfer in an objective way and declare that a certain temperature+wind combination will produce the same heat transfer from a reference object as some temperature with no wind. With that said, though, there isn't universal agreement on what reference object should be used and the formula winds up being simplified from there, so there are various formulas that are used to arrive at roughly similar values. It isn't a *perfectly* accurate measurement, then, of how a certain temperature and wind combination will feel, but it is at least objective (i.e. no opinions go into the calculation; it's just a formula) and useful.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-45456", "score": 0.7504189610481262, "text": "Because water is far more effective at transferring heat to you than air is. It's the same reason why if you put your hand in a 200C hot oven, it'll feel hot but won't burn you unless you hold it in there for quite a few seconds, but if you so much as brush one of the metal shelves you'll get an instant burn. Everything in there, the air, and the shelves are all at 200C but air is terrible at transferring heat and metal is very good at it. Another example is why at room temperature, a wooden spoon will feel warmer to you than a metal spoon in the same environment, because the metal pulls the heat *away* from you way more effectively. Your body interprets that as feeling colder, despite them logically being the same temperature to begin with. Air being so bad at transferring heat is why you have to put thermal compound on the bottom of a computer processor cooler, to fill those microscopic air gaps with something that can transfer heat a lot more effectively.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-77338", "score": 0.7503014802932739, "text": "Your body does not actually feel temperature the same way a thermometer does. Rather, what you perceive as temperature is merely the transfer of energy, either into you (hot), or away from you (cold). Wind, as long as the ambient temperature isn't too hot, would actively speed up the energy transfer from your body into the surrounding air, giving you the sensation of cold. Btw, this is also the reason why a metal surface would often feel colder than a wooden surface, even if they are both of the same temperature: metal is such a good conductor of heat, that your body is instantly losing energy into it, giving you the sensation of cold.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-263794", "score": 0.7499746680259705, "text": "Your body doesn't actually tell you much about how hot things are. It's more about the rate of change. That's why metal often feels colder than say.. rubber. It conducts heat far better, therefor it drains the heat faster from your body which makes you feel cold. The same applies in hot weather, your body can't get rid of the heat you are producing as quickly as it can in cold weather, therefor you feel hot.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-77655", "score": 0.7497705221176147, "text": "I have a coffee table made of wood with glass inset on the top. If you've ever touched one you will notice that, even though both parts are the same temperature (room temperature), the glass part feels colder than the wood part. It's the same thing. It has to do with the materials ability to transfer (absorb or give up) heat. Water has a much higher heat capacity than just air. It's also why the level of moisture in the air is used in the calculation of wind chill - for a given temperature and wind speed, the more moisture in the air, the lower the wind chill. Because it can remove heat from your body faster.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-267753", "score": 0.7494531869888306, "text": "No. You are on the right track, but it isn't the temperature of the objects that make them feel hot or cold, but rather the heat flux into/out of you. & #x200B; Pick up two room temperature objects, a block of wood and a block of metal. The metal will feel colder because it will draw more heat out of your hand. & #x200B; Put your hand in a 400 degree oven (don't touch the metal) and it won't harm you, whereas 100 degree water will hurt instantly.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-243114", "score": 0.7489193677902222, "text": "Well I bet someone will give some long winded correction, but I think it is because they have a higher thermal conductivity, so when you touch them thermal energy in your foot is transferred faster than to the floor(carpet or whatever). This difference is what makes it seem colder, even though the temperatures are the same.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-248773", "score": 0.7486263513565063, "text": "Gas is a poor conductor of heat and has a low heat capacity, the latter meaning that the gas loses its temperature more than water while transferring the same amount of energy to you. What we perceive as \"hot\" and \"cold\" has more to do with heat transfer than temperature. Hot water heats you up more rapidly than gas that's the same temperature, so the water feels hotter. A piece of wood at room temperature feels warmer than a piece of metal, because the metal conducts heat away from you faster.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-102788", "score": 0.7476513385772705, "text": "You feel heat transfer, not just heat. Air is a poor heat conductor, so it doesn’t remove the coldness of your hand that well", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-116198", "score": 0.7467894554138184, "text": "They only feel cold to the touch if they're colder than our skin. If they're hotter than our skin, they'll feel hotter than something with lower thermal conductivity at the same temperature. This is because our body can't detect temperature. All we can detect is rate of heat transfer. The faster the heat transfer (in either direction) the more extreme it feels to us.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-300339", "score": 0.7451668381690979, "text": "What you feel as warm or cold when you touch something isn't actually temperature directly, but heat flux. Things that, at a given temperature, are able to conduct more heat to/from your body feel hotter/colder (depending on their temperature relative to your body's) than other things that are the same temperature. That's why 130 degree air feels only unpleasantly hot but 130 degree water is painfully so. Blankets are generally, by design, thermally insulative and not thermally conductive.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-78806", "score": 0.7448018789291382, "text": "I don't think they are colder than the room, it just feels that way. Unless you keep the room at 96.5degrees F, most room temperatures are much colder than normal body temps", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-270909", "score": 0.7445012927055359, "text": "Some materials exhibit different properties at different temperatures. For example, some materials will conduct electricity with less resistance when close to 0k.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-180561", "score": 0.7440415620803833, "text": "You’ve never touched a super cold object. If you touched something that was actually super cold (below like -150C) it would evoke the same reaction", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-254455", "score": 0.7438545823097229, "text": "Metallurgical Engineer here: This is mostly becasue of formation of an oxide layer, which is a bad conductor of heat. An oxide layer (or a formation of martensite phase in case of iron) forms when you quench metal at a very rapid rate from a temperature of 700 C and above, which does not form when you cool from 200-300 C range. The most upvoted answer is incorrect. Since this upper layer is a bad conductor of heat, the heat from the hot metal below doesnt significantly raise the temperature of the surface, when you touch it, it feels cold as the upper layer was in contact with cool water. Edit: clarity :|", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-137640", "score": 0.7434290051460266, "text": "Both surfaces are the same temperature, despite what you're feeling. The concrete feels colder because it's pulling the heat from your feet at a faster rate. By the way, there's no such thing as \"cold\", just a relative lack of heat (energy).", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-246143", "score": 0.7433538436889648, "text": "Ice cools well because of the heat required to change state from liquid to solid. Cold metal doesn't have that. If the copper were cold enough such that it's potential energy equalled that of ice, it would be the same", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-121", "score": 0.6952880024909973, "text": "Kitties talk among themselves, just like humans. They may not make a sound, but they do communicate ... and follow each other around. Seriously: you can/should check out [Alley Cat Allies](_URL_0_) for all sorts of info about hungry kitty visitors." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2420606", "score": 0.6605128645896912, "text": "I found a kitten on the side of the road the other day and have been taking care of her. She was starving when I found her and goes absolutely crazy for food. (I am feeding her the amount recommended by the vet)\n\nSo whenever I set foot in the kitchen she appears and starts crying for food. When I’m eating she will climb up me like a tree to get to my food. This has made me evaluate everything I eat to see if it’s “worth” fighting her. I’ve eaten almost nothing this weekend.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-655204", "score": 0.6605064868927002, "text": "We adopted a cat (our third) in February. She came from a rescue organisation and before that was in a hoarder's house - other than that we don't know much about her background. She is desexed and microchipped.\n\nI wanted to keep her as an indoor only cat but she managed to escape out of windows and doors a couple of times and seemed desperate to get outside at every opportunity. As we live on a quiet street not close to busy roads, and because our other two cats have always been happy to only go outside during the day when we're at home, and always came back in after an hour or two, we started doing that with her too. She would always come back for dinner, except one day when she didn't. That was in early June.\n\nAfter three weeks our neighbours think they saw her in their yard and again at the yard of the house over the road, with two other cats. A week after that my husband thinks he saw her miaowing at our back door, and a week after that in our front yard - both times when he tried to approach her/let her in, she just looked at him and ran away. Two weeks ago a guy living two streets away said he saw her on two separate days - but I am less confident about his ability to recognise her than I am in my husband's. \n\nI have been searching the local area within a 1km radius at least daily, including at 3am/5am/dusk, looking under houses/cars whenever possible, since June. I put flyers in all houses/apartment buildings within that radius but only our close neighbours and the guy from the other street have ever seen her (admittedly, many people in our area do not speak English and so maybe wouldn't have understood the flyer). \n\nAfter the first neighbour sighting we left food, a humane trap and a wildlife camera in our yard and caught 6 or 7 different neighbourhood cats, none of them ours. After the possible sighting by the guy two streets away 2 weeks ago, I started setting and watching the trap in different locations, including on that street and in a few other places - but I can only do that for 1-2 hours at a time and not in the middle of the night as we are in a COVID curfew at the moment. That hasn't worked either.\n\nBecause we've been leaving food and the trap outside our house for six weeks now, seems like the neighbourhood cats have got a routine - it's now got to the stage where the same two cats visit every night to eat whatever food isn't in the trap/steal food from the trap - one of these cats seems to be very dominant and I have seen that cat repeatedly in the local area aggressively chasing after other cats, including chasing away other cats that try to visit our house. It concerns me that the presence of this cat might be deterring ours from coming home. Then again our cat might already have moved on from this area and given up coming home, if she even wants to that is.\n\nShould I keep setting the trap around the local streets or just stop and hope she comes home? Should I stop setting the trap outside our house so at least the neighbourhood cats aren't hanging around so much? Nothing seems to work and it feels a bit pointless right now.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-654224", "score": 0.6604042053222656, "text": "Hey catcare! \n\nI could use some of your collective knowledge.\n\nI have a cat. Her name is Wanderer (the chubs, but apart from that, her behaviour is pristine. \n\nYesterday I acquired a new roomie. He comes with a cat named Vega. \n\nNow, Wanderer hasn't ever really liked other cats. She has a deep-chest growl I've never heard her use against any other species, and is liberal with her hissing. That being said, she's not aggressive and neither is Vega.\n\nI was hoping to be able to separate them for at least a few days before a face-to-face happened, but fate (and cats) have this weird way of making things happen. \n\nFrom what I've seen, Vega is a super friendly, vocal cat who is extremely submissive. From what I understand, he's always lived with other cats and seems genuinely interested in being friends. \n\nWanderer wants little to do with him, but hasn't shown any signs of outward aggression. She hisses when he gets too close suddenly, but they've had a few nose-to-nose moments that have ended with her sauntering off. She is receptive to petting and the like when he's around, and is otherwise in a better space than I'd have expected her to be, considering the sudden appearance of this other cat.\n\nI suppose this is all a long way of asking if there's any way of reducing her stress or helping her come to terms with another cat living in the house.\n\nFeel free to ask any questions! I'm not exactly sure what's relevant about them to help you guys get a better picture of what's going down.\n\n*tl, dr; My cat doesn't particularly care for other cats. Another cat has entered the equation. No major aggression between them, but can I help her relax anyhow and come to terms with the change easier?*", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-654705", "score": 0.6601735949516296, "text": "I have been feeding this beautiful feral cat that always afraid of human contact for a half year now. She was so scared of everyone, she always came and wait outside my door asking for food, but she runs away when i tried to pet her then return to eat the food. Even after months she still wont let me touch her.\n\n\n \n\nThen about a month ago, i noticed that she was pregnant and i was excited because i found that she made a nest inside my garage so i can feed her easier now. And about 2 weeks ago she finally gave birth to 5 beautiful kittens, i only get to see them when i came to call her for food so im not interrupting her babies.\n\n\n \n\n\nI always consider to make her mine and get her fixed but she just wont let me touch her, but everything was fine because this works too. I woke up every morning to feed her before i went to work and after i get home.\n\n \n\n\n\nThen about 5-6 days ago i noticed the mother cat has been missing for days leaving her kittens crying all night. I thought she just went to hunt for food so i keep her kittens warm and feed them with wet food. Then i noticed some smell coming from under my car that i havent been using for weeks. To my horror i saw her... her eyes and mouth are open, shes not breathing at all and when i get her out i saw her skin was melting. I dont know what happen but when i check my cctv i saw this 2 guys walking outside my house while she was sleepinv outside my garage door (her favorite spot) and they threw something from their bag (looks like a boiled water?) And she runs in circle like shes in pain before she runs away towards my garage window. The 2 guys were just laughing while recording with their phone. I couldnt see their faces because the potatoe quality and i couldnt report them either because there is no law against animal in my country.\n\n\n \n\n\nIt was horrible to watch and i decided to take care of her kittens with a help of my elderly dog (she used to play with her every day). The kittens stop crying when she was nearby and i believe that they thought she was their mother. Unfortunately one of them passed away.\n\n\n \n\n\nI was still mourning but im happy because i know she will take care of the kittens... until yesterday morning i found both my dog and the kittens are soaked with water. I immediately clean them up with my towels before i check the cctv again, and of course... its the same 2 guy from that day! The dog and the kittens were sleeping right under the garage window and those guys sneak closely to pour the water from outside the opened window. And of course, they also record it with their phones!\n\n \n\n\nLast night the other 3 were gone while the last kitten was super weak and i know she wont make it. But i still hug her to keep her warm while praying for a miracle. I fell asleep on the garage floor with her on my arms and my dog was next to me. And an hour ago my dog woke me up because its her time to eat and there i saw the last kitten in my lap, already gone... the same way as her mother and siblings, with her eyes and mouth open. I already bury her mother and siblings on my small garden but i just couldnt do the same for this one yet. Im still hoping for a miracle that she will woke up.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-871815", "score": 0.6598646640777588, "text": "That cat's mine. Her name is Luna, she went missing 6 months ago and came back last night. She was obviously well taken care of and fed while she was gone. I'm hoping no one is distraught that she is missing from their home, she just came back to her original owner. :)", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-85464", "score": 0.6598354578018188, "text": "They know, but they dont care, in nature what matters is food, not variety. Cats will even refuse sudden changes in diet. Yet, they know there are other options out there. My cats eat the same thing every day, but if I open a can of tuna, which I only do for them, they go nuts before I csn even put in their plates, they know it is something else and tasty. In short, they know, but they dont care", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-652875", "score": 0.6598288416862488, "text": "The cat showed up at my back patio door tonight. At first I thought it was a stray so I went to give it a small bowl of dry food. Before I even had the bowl down, he was attempting to get in the bowl to eat. I've never seen a cat eat that fast before.\n\nI noticed it had a collar on so I checked for a name/phone number. I couldn't see it in the dark light so I picked him up to take him to my garage. But that is when I felt how skinny he was. There is literally not one ounce of fat on this cat. You can put your fingers in between his ribs. If you pet his back you can feel every single bone of his spine. His back end, looks imploded...his pelvis sticks out sharply. He is skin and bones; he looks like a walking skeleton.\n\nNow here's the part where I'm confused. I called the owner, thinking maybe his cat has been missing for awhile. A guy picked up and said oh yeah, I literally just let him out 2min ago, that's funny that he's at your place. I told him he was starving and thought maybe he should come pick him up. He said he could do that or I could just let him back out and he'll make his way home. He said he stays inside most of the time these days and he always comes around for the tuna.\n\nNow I grew up with cats and my gf and I have 3 young cats. I'm not really sure what to do. I think I want to take him to animal control tomorrow. They said they can do a welfare check and make sure the cat's being taken care of. Worst case I thought animal control could then call the owner and if he's being abused or starved they can take it from there.\n\nI just don't feel comfortable taking him back to his owner if he's not being fed. I've never seen a cat in such a state of malnutrition. I'm hoping the cat has some weird condition or something like that, but from the way he's eating, it just doesn't seem that way.\n\nAny advice would be great.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-654657", "score": 0.6598144769668579, "text": "I was recently reminded of one that still makes me chuckle years later.\n\nSeveral years ago, my roommate and I decided we wanted a cat. Luckily, his mother bred Tonkinese cats and had 2 litters at about 8 weeks old, totaling about 15 kittens. Yeah, yeah, I know, adopt a stray, but we didn't. So here we are in his mom's living room scoping out the litter trying to pick one to take home. Rather, I'M scoping out the litter, Matt (my roommate) is sitting on the other side of the room eating a large slice of pizza while talking to his mom. Of course, because he has pizza, the entire litter, plus the parents are all crowded around Matt. 15 kittens and 4 adult cats all crowded around a single kitchen chair, mewing in chorus, begging for pizza. Except, there was one that wasn't satisfied with begging. \n\nOne of the kittens latches on to Matt's jeans and starts to climb his leg. It gets to his lap, stares at him again and mews. Matt continues to munch on his pizza, trying his best to ignore the little off-white fluffball in his lap. The kitten, undeterred, climbs up his shirt and sits on his shoulder. At this point, Matt is trying his best to hold back a smile and goes to take another bite of pizza. The kitten seizes his opportunity, reaches out, and snatches a piece of pepperoni while the slice is still in Matt's mouth. The kitten proceeds to drop it's greasy prize on the shoulder of Matt's clean shirt, and devour it. BALLSIEST KITTEN EVER. Matt looks to his mom and says \"We'll take this one.\" Due to her coloring, we named her Dryer Lint.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-654707", "score": 0.6597972512245178, "text": "There are a bunch of cats just living in the street near where I work. I get them food sometimes and they are the sweetest, but there's one that is just so cute and active and friendly. I would if I could take them all but I can't support them all, also pretty sure my suit mates will say something. So I want to get one, take it to a vet and keep it.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-843060", "score": 0.659758448600769, "text": "Hi, I have started training the youngest of my three cats, he’s super motivated and loves treats! I wanna start training one of my other cats too, but she’s not very interested in treats (or toys). She will eat them happily, but she’s not interested enough to do anything for it.\nYes, they have access to food whenever they want, but I have to keep it that way because I don’t have the opportunity to start feeding them regularly.\nIs there any way she could be trained?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-136263", "score": 0.6593361496925354, "text": "Because they are pains-in-the-asses...I have 6 in my house. Seriously though, I wonder if that annoying behavior may be a hold-over from days when cats had to hunt to eat. Knocking things over, getting into small spaces, investigating things would serve them well if they had to find small hidden prey to survive. That's my explanation anyway. Darn cats.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-654669", "score": 0.6593332290649414, "text": "A local church group had a dinner at one member's house. The host made a tuna noodle casserole for all of her guests. When she was about to serve the food, the host noticed that her cat had eaten some of it, and left a small hole in the cheese topping. The hole was small enough that the host was able to move the cheese to make it look like nothing happened so she served it at the dinner anyway.\n\nAfter the dinner she found her cat, dead, outside her back door. When she called the vet and explained what happened, the vet decided that the tuna must've been bad, and everyone that ate it should have their stomachs pumped.\n\nThe host contacted all the people who went to the dinner and admitted what happened with the cat. Everyone went to the hospital, got their stomachs pumped, and returned home. On her return home the host saw her neighbor. The neighbor explained \"I'm so sorry about your cat! I hit it with my car earlier, but I didn't want to interrupt you while you were entertaining, so I left it by your back door.\"\n\n\nTl;dr: women fed her guests food that cat got into, cat died, woman has all guests get stomachs pumped, cat had actually been hit by car.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-655171", "score": 0.6591574549674988, "text": "Hello, all. I'm here because I'm having second thoughts about a family that wants to adopt two of my cat's kittens. I was directed to them by a classmate, it's her boyfriend's family. I trust this classmate with cat stuff so I at least am comforted that at least she won't direct me to a bad person.\n\nHer boyfriend's family is apparently a rescue group. They rescue street cats and adopt them in their compound house. They offered to take in two of my cat's kittens.\n\nThe family has 30+ cats. Their cats doesn't use litter boxes because they have a huge backyard where they let the cats do their business and they'd clean it afterwards. They sound like good people and I've seen their work through their Facebook profiles.\n\nI'm just having second thoughts. Maybe I'm just overthinking this but somehow I can't get the idea that they won't receive as much love there out of my head. I keep thinking how me giving them there will be a downgrade of their current living conditions. Here in our home, they all get cuddled and played with equally. They are given the same love. I know the family is capable of this, but I can't take out of my head the idea that they may be neglected sometimes because there's so many cats. That sometimes they might not get cuddled. That sometimes they might not get played with.\n\nHelp me, Reddit. I really love these kittens. If it were up to me, I would have never give them up for adoption. I just want them to go to great, loving homes where they can be given as much or even more than the love I've given them.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-654459", "score": 0.6590503454208374, "text": "Hi I have a neighbor who has an indoor/outdoor declared front cat they've had for 10 years, however after the girls moved out about a few months ago they have kept him outside all the time and barely feed him. He has long hair and it is getting matted. He used to not be friendly towards me but now he begs me for food everyday. I'm wondering what I can possibly do for him. I wanted to take him to a vet and a groomer and see what's up but my mom said I'd get in trouble for that. She says I should just talk to them about taking the cat. I'm not sure how I can go about that, they are Chinese and dont speak English too well, and I don't want antagonize people I live near by. But I really want to make sure this cat is taken care of. What can I do?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-87778", "score": 0.6589927077293396, "text": "Cats are kinda jerks like that. They'll know their name, but just choose not to answer to it.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-15433", "score": 0.6587848663330078, "text": "So for cats, its a natural behavior, wild cats, who are friends, will brush up against each other. They do this to create a group scent, now they are not pack animals but they do live in groups, and thus they like to have a group scent. When you rub your cat you are exchanging scents, an activity which they see as friendly, and trusting.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1359392", "score": 0.6587167382240295, "text": "It may seem like a stupid question, but I plan on adopting a cat (or a kitten preferably, if at all possible) once I get a place to live.\n\nI'll be the only person living there, and I envision getting a little black cat to keep me company. I love animals and I just hope it'll lay with me and whatnot. Will it do that a lot? Or keep to itself?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-652969", "score": 0.6585233211517334, "text": "So my wife and I started fostering a pregnant cat April 20th; we don't have much information on her aside from she doesn't seem to get along with other cats well and she seems young, like between 6 months to a year. The shelter told us that she is probably a week or two away from delivering her kittens. She seems to have mostly gotten over her nervousness, but we are concerned because she is not really eating. We've tried a bunch of different brands and types of food, so far I've had success with hand feeding her some Whiskas high protein by hand then kind of guiding her to the bowl, but otherwise she seems to not be interested in food. She would eat some treats when she first came here, but now even though she runs when I shake the bag she won't have any. We're worried because this can't be good for her kittens. We have a vet appointment booked for Monday (the 25th), but I was wondering if anyone here had any similar experiences? Thanks!", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-286262", "score": 0.6585000157356262, "text": "For cats at the very least, sort of. If you want to show a cat you're happy, keep your mouth closed and lid your eyes a bit (don't stare open eyed at them). A nice slow blink at them is a way of saying \"I like you.\"", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-654599", "score": 0.6584858298301697, "text": "Hey all, I'm considering adopting a second cat. My kitty, Lola, is three years old, and she's very opinionated. I think she'd benefit for having some company around. The major concern I have is with her previous interactions with other cats. I've brought her down to my parent's house who have a 10 year old outdoor kitty named Cinder. I've brought him around and they kind of check each other out from a distance and usually Lola is the first to start low growling. It escalates from there. Will she take to a new permanent friend?\n\nIf I do go for it, how should I go about facilitating introducing them to each other?\n\nThank you!!", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-122", "score": 0.7950531244277954, "text": "There is essentially no infrastructure to deal with snowfall in southern states because it happens so rarely. Roads are not salted or plowed so they are covered in ice, and nobody has snow tires or much experience driving in snow. It is sort of like how everyone up north has trouble with a little heat wave where it gets over 100 F; nobody has A/C and are not acclimated to heat so it is a problem." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-19592", "score": 0.7447353005409241, "text": "Infrastructure. Northern cities build their infrastructure to handle snow. They have salt trucks, snow plows, etc to make travel safe. Southern areas don't because it wouldn't be economical to maintain that equipment for the one to two days a year they may need it.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-174716", "score": 0.7007619142532349, "text": "Ground moisture expands and contracts with temperature changes. This is why southern states generally have less potholes then Minnesota (also know as Canada Jr).", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1776658", "score": 0.7001888155937195, "text": "I live in the capital of South Carolina. Over the past couple of years, there’s been predictions of major thunderstorms, hurricanes and snow storms that were supposed to dump serious amounts of precipitation across the majority of the state. \n\nWhen those storms actually come through, the capital doesn’t get anywhere near the amount of precipitation predicted. But the outlying areas always get the worst of it. Can someone explain this to me? I tried Googling the answer, but I can’t find any information about this", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-34022", "score": 0.6994706392288208, "text": "Yes, their infrastructure really is that unprepared for it. Places like Alabama get snow so infrequently--and when they do it is almost always all melted by the mid afternoon--that it doesn't make financial sense to spend taxpayer money on plows and salt warehouses. But it isn't just the inability to plow/salt roads. People who live in these areas aren't used to driving in snow and as a result they take extraordinary precautions to avoid something you and I (grew up in Wisconsin, college in South Carolina, currently live in New York), wouldn't think twice about. This risk aversion is what causes businesses ans schools to close.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-260801", "score": 0.698672354221344, "text": "My understanding from talking to the modelers is that the South will have (already has) increased yearly variability around a slightly cooler/stable mean. Summers are expected to be hotter and drier. But the South has historically had mild winters that are now getting peppered with a few bursts of downright cold as more energy in the arctic causes the jet stream to periodically dip lower. These cold bursts compensate for the heat when taking averages. This winter happened to be an extreme example of the predicted trend. > It's also an annoying climatological coincidence considering that this part of the United States has a high proportion of people that are very skeptical of climate change. I know! It's sad / hilarious.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-197893", "score": 0.6980213522911072, "text": "This isn't confined to the South. Up in the wild north of New England, a local blog maintains a [French Toast Alert Warning](_URL_0_) to let you know when you need to go out and get milk and bread and eggs. Up here at least there are still lingering memories of the Blizzard of '78, which is the last time grocery stores here actually shut *en masse* for a snowstorm. There doesn't seem to actually be any rhyme or reason to it on a broader scale - it doesn't even make sense on a limited one.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-95896", "score": 0.6883363723754883, "text": "There is much less land in the South, and it's not as far south, on average, if you exclude Antartica. They get lots of snow in Antartica. The biggest snowfalls in the north occur in lattitudes that are water in the south.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-655702", "score": 0.6880704760551453, "text": "This comment, (on my phone, not sure how well the link works) shows that this guy has seen woefully longer commute times due to some snow.\n\nI've seen several other accounts of people saying that one inch of snow shuts down an entire city. I believe I saw a google map's traffic for Atlanta yesterday that had all red on all the highways.\n\nNow, I totally understand that the citizens of these states are not accustomed to driving on snow and I do not expect the citizens to be able to deal with driving in snow. Also, I know that the cities do not possess the necessary infrastructure to get rid of the snow to make driving conditions safe. There is my issue. I know snow in southern states is not very likely, but it has certainly happened enough that I can remember more than a few times prior to the prestent that these 'city shutdown' happens. \n\nMy view is that the governments should invest some money into emergency snow situations. I'm not familiar with numbers, but I'd have to imagine that a few plow trucks and a small enough amount of salt would cost less than the time, business and money lost in these situations. \n\nIf a city, like Atlanta, has to shut down (at least to the point where nobody can get anywhere) it seems worth it to insitute an emergency snow removal plan.\n\nPlease try to change my view", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-39547", "score": 0.6862020492553711, "text": "1) Nobody in Atlanta has any experience driving in snow. 2) Virtually all of Atlanta left work/school at the exact same time. 3) Southern cities don't have legions of plows at the ready in winter. 4) Atlanta is a traffic nightmare on a good day. A million inexperienced drivers hitting the roads at the exact same time was bound to be a disaster. In the northern cities we have years of experience driving on glass and don't evacuate the city for a dusting of snow. Everyone leaves at their normal staggered time so the expressways aren't flooded with cars.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-44452", "score": 0.6838279366493225, "text": "Colder air tends to be drier while warmer air tends to have more moisture. So the colder it gets, the *less likely* it is to snow.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2641795", "score": 0.6816148161888123, "text": "I live in snowy Colorado and really enjoy snow. But my Florida & California friends and family hate it. Why?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1173254", "score": 0.679846465587616, "text": "I heard this in Ohio all the time, now I'm hearing it in Texas. Everyone wants to believe that they have 'special' weather when in reality they're just experiencing normal cold fronts. It's really quite annoying because it really applies to probably two-thirds of the country during springtime. Unless you're in a Mediterranean, oceanic or arid climate you're going to experience temperature swings.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-88513", "score": 0.6794995069503784, "text": "You should understand that, ironically, the places in the United States the get the most snow are also often least likely to get snow days. Snow days are usually declared for the sake of safety. Remember, the United States is a very big place with essentially every imaginable climate type, and these climate types occasionally intermingle. If you live in a State where it RARELY snows, it's not worth equipping your vehicle with winter tires, paying for plows to uncover the roads, or salting the roads to keep them from freezing over. These states end up getting snow days a few times a year because of rogue storms. Further north states known for their colder climates, by comparison, will only get snow days under serious, dangerous blizzard conditions.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2127424", "score": 0.6750665307044983, "text": "Winter is Coming...\n\nAs a southern people, I'm really scared.\n\nThe coldest place I have been to is Vancouver, which is not bad... \n\nSeems I'm gonna having trouble of living here.. lol", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-109364", "score": 0.6723624467849731, "text": "It's really far south. The closer you are to the equator, the easier space launches get. The parts of Texas that are that far south area pretty stormy too.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-132706", "score": 0.6714920401573181, "text": "I live in Maryland, so I'm experiencing the same weird phenomenon you are. This year's freak weather is caused by Èl Nino, a semi-regular temperature change off the coast of Chile. The change in ocean temperature there has a huge global effect. Here's a neat article from TIME on it: _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-272955", "score": 0.6701186299324036, "text": "It's because you're in a different climate. New Mexico, like Texas and other areas, are subjected to monsoonal variation (wind pattern changes). In the winter, more storm systems are able to affect those areas, dousing them in precipitation. These areas experience higher relative humidity values in the winter months because of this and also the fact that you can have a comparable moisture content in the atmosphere, but be closer to saturation in cooler temperatures.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-114943", "score": 0.6697983145713806, "text": "You're just used to it. You know it's going to snow a lot every winter, so the city naturally has a lot of plows and ice/sand trucks, along with the employees to run them. You know it's going to be -10 outside, so you dress appropriate to the weather, and warm your car up. People and municipalities are just prepared. Source: I live in MSP.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-117140", "score": 0.6683926582336426, "text": "It's cheaper and easier for people to deal with the inconvenience that a couple inches of snow causes when you're completely unprepared for it than it is to spend time and money preparing for something that happens very rarely. Also, because snow is so rare, people don't have any idea about how to deal with it. No one has snow tires. The Department of Transportation doesn't treat the roads, and may not even have plows. Nobody knows how to drive in snow.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-268651", "score": 0.6665301322937012, "text": "I'm a meteorologist. The fact it was a mild winter doesn't affect other seasons, but the cause of it being mild will affect the other season. We're still in a [La Nina state](_URL_0_).", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-123", "score": 0.7385995388031006, "text": "It's a quote from Monty Python and the Holy Grail. The \"strange woman lying in pond\" is the Lady of the Lake from the Arthurian legend. _URL_0_" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1555317", "score": 0.6748191118240356, "text": "I'm paraphrasing slightly, but I can't find the origin of this quote\n\n\"Excitement for war is expected in the soldier, worrisome in a general, and criminal in a politician.\"\n\nHas anyone heard this before? I'm looking for the source.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-249600", "score": 0.6690539717674255, "text": "Do you have the source? I'd like to read some of the context if possible. Thanks!", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1279422", "score": 0.6605650782585144, "text": "I basically just need help understanding what is being said about the government. I can't figure out what he is talking about.\n\n\n“...in the first place, I put for a general inclination of all mankind, a perpetual and restless desire of power after power, that ceaseth only in death.”\n\n\n“During the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition called war; and such a war, as if of every man, against every man.”\n\n\n“The government itself, or the administration of its affairs, are better committed to one, than many.”\n\n\n“It belongeth therefore to the one to prescribe the Rules of discerning Good and Evil and therefore in him is the Legislative Power.”\n\n\n“They that are subjects to a Monarch cannot, without his leave, cast off Monarchy and return to the confusion of a disunited Multitude…”", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-213083", "score": 0.6576291918754578, "text": "For what it's worth, the quote about life being \"nasty, brutish, and short\" is from Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan, and had nothing to do with medieval society. He was describing life in the \"state of nature\" before the advent of society and government. Leviathan is available online for free, if you're interested. I would post a link, but I'm on my phone. **EDIT:** I did a presentation on Hobbes for my Western Political Theory class in college. I still have the outline, which I will post if anyone is interested. It's just a 2 1/2 page outline for my presentation on Hobbes' life and political theory.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2807032", "score": 0.6564286947250366, "text": "yesterday try to sell her to neighbor who needs new wife after last one starve. she say 'no. is wrong'. \n\nwhere is this ideas come from?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1276819", "score": 0.6551730036735535, "text": "I was just looking at this quote from Flemeth and I was wondering what others thought of its meaning, both in game and just in general.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-698065", "score": 0.6548836827278137, "text": "I was just beginning the Fallen Empire story and heard this, thought it could be applied to a lot of things I see/hear in life. \n\n\"Nonsense repeated does not become truth.\"", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1588702", "score": 0.6522039771080017, "text": "My Google fu is failing me ... it is a quote along the lines of our system of justice presuming innocence not because it is true but because proceeding from the opposite assumption is tyrannical. Can anyone help?", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-212805", "score": 0.6521201729774475, "text": "The four swords refer to the [four Swords of State](_URL_0_). These are part of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, traditionally used during Coronation. The second part I do not know, and I do not have access to that particular book. Maybe you can post reference number 8, which according to Google Books is mentioned on that sentence. I suspect you are reading that sentence too literally, and in modern English, and in that time it would have meant, \"to sit on a chair and be attended to by two of her ladies.\"", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-233365", "score": 0.6520670056343079, "text": "Do you have a source for this quote?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1395099", "score": 0.6508563756942749, "text": "They say, that in Spain, the women \nHas warriorlike courage and sprit felt. \nThey say that the Spaniardine \nHas a dagger in her garter belt; \nThey say - they talk a lot \nDo not believe a talkative tourist: \nThe childlike mind, easily swayed \nThe Spaniardine has banished \nThey gossip, they laugh; \nBut if you raise your hand \nWell, *then* the daughter of Spain \nHas a dagger in her garter belt. \n\nHans Christian Andersen, 1863\n\nH.C. Andersen was a danish poet and writer, most known for his fairy tales, such as \"The Little Mermaid\", \"The Emperor's New Clothes\" and many others. The translation is mine, and I though you'd like it here.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-796266", "score": 0.6484056115150452, "text": "So if I google this quote, nothing comes up. \n\nI came across this: \n\nThat link discusses where the supremacy of the UK comes from - which appears to be a subject of debate.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-84920", "score": 0.6476759910583496, "text": "Could you post where that quote came from? Thanks", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1034508", "score": 0.6471019983291626, "text": "I am very interested in how it what it means and how it relates to the song. Any interpretations?\n\nCivilization without society\n\nPower and wealth with nobility\n\nStability without stasis\n\nPlaces and spaces\n\nCivilization without society\n\nPower and wealth with nobility\n\nStability without stasis\n\nSpaces and places", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-796264", "score": 0.6467262506484985, "text": "This is driving me crazy... Especially since I've seen it used a lot recently. \nI see this quote posted everywhere and attributed to Shakespeare. But Open Source doesn't show it, and anytime I see the quote no one cites what play/poem/random-court-document it comes from! \nAnd if its not Shakespeare than who said it? \nBut better yet, anyone know anything about the history of this quote and why its ended up a Shakespeare quote?", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-793627", "score": 0.6466966271400452, "text": "Sorry for the very vague question, but this has not left my thoughts in a while and I tried Googling every variation of it I could think of but nothing comes up. I have no other information regarding it like who may have said it or where I have heard it. Heck, I'm not even sure if my brain just made it up.\n\nThe quote goes something like \"We are the (children/sons/daughters?) of the (people?) you could not (silence? bury? kill?).\"", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-209827", "score": 0.6463780999183655, "text": "That's an interesting question, I have no answer but I hope/think I'm allowed to ask OP where they came across this statement? I'd be interested to know if you have the origin OP?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-211642", "score": 0.6449903249740601, "text": "You were quite correct on calling nonsense on the quote. The quote is from \"A treasury of royal scandals\" by Michael Farquhar. He's not a true historian, but instead a writer for the Washington post, and while his books are amusing, they're not particularly historically accurate. They're intended to be humorous, of all things. There's literally no sources included in his books, and as far as I can tell, the quote was entirely made up based on being something she 'might' have said. So while I can't explain why she might have entered, I can say with a good deal of certainty that she never did say that. The only references to that quote trail back to Farquhar. Hopefully someone can answer the base question.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1979650", "score": 0.6447483897209167, "text": "I saw it on something a few months ago, something like \"Humans are the strangest creatures on Earth. They give up their happiness for money, their money for things, and their things for happiness.\" Anyone know the exact quote?", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1498623", "score": 0.6441715359687805, "text": "I'm having a little difficulty grasping what he meant in this quote. \"the government in a revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny\". Any help with understanding would be appreciated.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-124", "score": 0.6849312782287598, "text": "The condition is called aphthous stomatitis, or commonly, canker sores. They are NOT inflamed tastebuds. Rather, they are small ulcers (areas of inflamed, healing tissue) that are characteristically painful and confined to the mucosa (soft tissue) of the mouth (including surface of the tongue) by definition. There is no cure, but many over-the-counter drugs are sold that can mitigate the pain caused by them. This question is by no means explained (moderators, hello?). Rather, the pathogenesis (how it develops) of an aphthous sore is still unknown. I couldn't believe it, but apparently this is an area of relatively active research. [This](_URL_1_) recent review article provides some nice context. [This question](_URL_0_) has been asked many times before. Doing a quick look-over, answers have been repeatedly unscientific and certainly not in any real laymen-speak." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-41508", "score": 0.650441586971283, "text": "Bacteria eats sugar and poops acid into your mouth which burns your teeth. Brush and floss and see a dentist.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1495761", "score": 0.6500146985054016, "text": "My problem started on day 5. I have a consistent salty taste on my tongue with yellow buildup. No matter how much I brush or use antibacterial mouthwash, it's still there. Is this normal? I'm a really bad hypocodriact so I don't want to Google anything. The whole reason I started keto was being I was freaking out thinking I had diabetes, so I don't want to Google anything and think I'm dying of 5 different cancers.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-10902", "score": 0.649673581123352, "text": "Bacteria on your tongue. Go brush your teeth.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-185585", "score": 0.6480714082717896, "text": "This has been asked many many times on ELI5, here's a gilded response from /u/thatcasiegirl > You can thank sodium laureth sulfate (SLS). This chemical is known as a surfactant. It is a wetting agent that lowers the surface tension of a liquid. It does two things, suppresses the sweet tastes buds and also enhances the bitter tastes buds. There are toothpastes that are Sodium laureth sulfate (SLS) free if you would like to enjoy food and drink directly after brushing.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1062035", "score": 0.6479853987693787, "text": "I recently just noticed that there are small bumps on the back of my tongue, I searched Google and there were no answers. Is there something wrong with my body, or is this normal?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2498531", "score": 0.6479078531265259, "text": "I was working the other day in my too hot restaurant. I thought I would try something new to battle the ever constant problem of dehydration. I got some salt and 2 sugar sachets and mixed them into a glass of water and downed it. It seemed to do the trick more than just the usual pints of water. Sometimes now, i just lick a little salt off my hand.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-9680", "score": 0.6472293138504028, "text": "Your taste bud is getting inflamed because it was likely damaged, such as when you bite your tongue, eating something sharp, or something too hot for your mouth.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-683320", "score": 0.6471484899520874, "text": "If your throat hurts, gargle warm salt water. Wound? Clean with saline solution. Muscle aches? Epsom salt bath. Etc...", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2549801", "score": 0.6471268534660339, "text": "So, this seems to happen every couple months or so, and right now its *really* bad. I’m pretty diligent about washing my face and moisturizing it in the morning and at night. I use lip balms as needed and mainly only use natural ones when I do. But currently both corners of my lips are split and cracked and painful. I can’t open my mouth very far before it feels like something is tearing, and if I eat anything acidic it hurts. As far as I can tell I’ve done nothing to agitate them. I just basically woke up one day to this. I might be a little dehydrated but no more than I usually am and since I’ve noticed it I’ve been drinking any more. And nothing seems to help it go away but time. The only thing I can think is maybe it has something to do with becoming vegetarian or not eating enough meat? I’ve gone through phases in the past where meat isn’t appealing, and now I’ve been off it for about two months so maybe I’m missing a nutrient I should be getting from meat?\n\n28F, 180lb, 5’3”, no medical issues besides possibly pcos, take propanolol and wellbutrin for depression and anxiety, spironolactone, omega 3s, folic acid bc I am deficient in it, and a hair skin and nails vitamin.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2652205", "score": 0.6471068859100342, "text": "Hello all, I have a constant recurring problem with canker sores, and its becoming quite painful. For the past few months this has been happening. I take my dental health seriously, regularly brush/rinse twice a day and have OCD with swishing water after food and meals. These sores appear pretty much anywhere in my mouth, tongue, and gums. Even recently, one appeared on my left tonsil. At the moment, there are 3 present and its driving me nuts! Any helpful insight is greatly appreciated.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-62895", "score": 0.6471061110496521, "text": "The vinegar. Acidic substances without much in the way of flavor, such as vinegar, help to reduce or remove food particles from the mouth and tongue. Pickled ginger works well as a palate cleanser due to containing vinegar and because ginger does not leave behind very many food particles.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1665732", "score": 0.6470807194709778, "text": "I got my wisdom teeth out like a week ago. Honestly, the healing has been fine, but the sores are giving me a total hell of a lot more pain than the extraction ever did. It happens anytime I get local anesthesia cuz two of my teeth are kinda crooked in the front. Anyway, I've got three of these sons of bitches and they're killing me, literally the worst canker sores I've ever had. What can I do and take? Ibuprofen isn't doing much and currently following post op care, salt water rinse, irrigation.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-88549", "score": 0.6469906568527222, "text": "It can be a sign of diabetes but it can also be a sign of dehydration. Drink more water for a few days and see if it goes away. Or it could just mean you've eaten too much sugar, even if you're not diabetic.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-165379", "score": 0.6465877890586853, "text": "Canker sores are small sores (which is like a cut or opening) on the inside of your mouth, interestingly we are not quite sure why they appear although they seem to come more when people are stressed, with a certain ingredient in some toothpastes, and seem to run in family's (but are luckily not contagious). They hurt so much because the area becomes inflamed which means puffed up with blood so your body can heal it, sometimes your nerves which are what make you feel pain confuse the puffiness and pressure with more damage to the area.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-182304", "score": 0.6461318731307983, "text": "There is a chemical (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate or SLS) in toothpaste that causes it to foam up in your mouth. It also reduces the ability of your taste buds to detect sweet and increases the bitter taste buds.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1663959", "score": 0.6459172368049622, "text": "I have had a history with tonsil stones (I am 14 years old), and because of this, they have enlarged overtime. Now, I have small white, sort of almost buttery like stones forming around the back of the roof of my mouth and on my tonsils. They are most of the time easily brushed off with cloth, but they come back in the morning. Now, after much brushing away, my mouth has begun to hurt in some spots where I think the skin is just raw. Any advice or info on what they may be or how to help?", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-155470", "score": 0.6455515623092651, "text": "This happened to me and I went to see a nose/throat doctor. Sent me for an MRI. Turns out I have stones in my salivary gland. He offered surgery but it wasn't bothering me so I decided to not do surgery. It's been about 5 years since and I still have it. It swells sometimes when I eat sweets or sour things but goes back down. That could be what you're experiencing? Sounds like what I was feeling. Almost like when you eat a lemon and the spot right under the jawline burns/tingles. All he recommended if it was bothering me was to heat up a damp cloth and hold it over the spot for a few mins and massage it. _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2650972", "score": 0.6446845531463623, "text": "When I was younger I used to always get these really itchy rashes on the inside of my elbow bends after eating certain types of sugars or usually too much of any. I haven't had those in almost 20 years. All of a sudden I started getting them again 2 weeks ago. Only I was told that taking antihistamines like Benadryl could help. I was wondering if anyone that deals with this on a regular, has a better maintenance solution.\n\nThoughts?\n\n", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-150800", "score": 0.6444261074066162, "text": "There are lots of different causes and you will need to check with a doctor to get the specifics for yours and what can prevent them. For some it is the fact that they bite their cheeks and lips when eating or sleeping. Eating slowly and carefully can help prevent it, as can wearing a retainer. For some what they eat is causing it. This could be getting small cuts from eating hard or sharp things. This could also be that you are eating things that are too spicy, acidic, or that you are mildly allergic to. So with these changing what you eat can prevent them. Still others get them from bacterial infections or viral infections. Some of these can be prevented with proper oral hygiene, others have to be treated with antibiotics, and some once you get the virus you have it forever and just have to tough out the outbreaks.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-60486", "score": 0.6443514227867126, "text": "cold sores are cause by a virus and not bacteria. Salt relieves swelling and redness.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-125", "score": 0.7554835081100464, "text": "Swear words come from things we consider taboo or distasteful. In English-speaking society, we have a lot of taboos surrounding sex, even in this day and age. We also put a very high level of importance on hygiene, so words relating to waste and where they come from are also taboo. Certain words automatically make your brain think of a subject in a more intense way than others. A colloquial term vs a scientific one. This is true for pretty much anything, even if it isn't a swearword -- sweat vs perspiration, for example. When it's a topic that's taboo, that word becomes a swear. When it isn't, it moves back into innocuous territory." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-878782", "score": 0.717211902141571, "text": "My BIL uses it to mean \"douchebag\", \"motherfucker\", things like that. He doesn't mean it in a derogatory way, but as a member of the lgbt community myself, it definitely rubs me the wrong way.\n\nI guess my question is, do I have a right to be offended? Is f*gg*t still considered a slur to most or has it dropped off? Am I being too sensitive about a word?", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-204960", "score": 0.716112494468689, "text": "Follow-up question - what is the origin of \"swearing *on*\" a document or other sacred item? I seem to remember in the Hebrew Bible that men would swear oaths on their testicles, but that could be wrong, irrelevant, or both.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-78762", "score": 0.7153173685073853, "text": "Not sure this answers your question, but Steven Pinker has pointed out that many of these obscene phrases started off as more intelligible religious curses. For example - Who (in) the hell are you → Who the fuck are you? I don’t give a damn → I don’t give a shit Holy Mary! → Holy shit! Damn you! → Fuck you! IOW, secular and scatological curses have replaced religious ones, for a host of reasons. I would imagine to \"give someone shit\" is a variant of \"to give someone hell,\" but that's just a guess.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1235537", "score": 0.713922917842865, "text": "I hate using the word \"pussy\" for my genitalia, and I'm wondering if there are other, somewhat reasonable (e.g. not \"altar of venus\" or \"sheath\") words to choose from to use during sex. There are at least a few options for penises, but the only \"sexy\" word for the vagina and vulva seems to be pussy. I don't mind \"clit,\" but that doesn't include any other parts.\n\nEdit: I assumed that food-related or misogynistic terms would be automatically skipped over in people's replies, but I assumed wrong.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-70490", "score": 0.7110093235969543, "text": "Probably not. All languages have curse or swear words; words used to describe acts, ideas, or concepts that are considered taboo by the culture that uses said language. These can vary widely from culture to culture, of course, but the common taboos in western civilization are (as I'm sure you're aware) sex-related. In English, at least, the idea of \"poor\" or \"bad\" language also comes in part from how the language as we know it today developed during the middle ages. In the simplest terms, the common people spoke a different dialect than the Norman French nobility, and the so-called \"vulgar\" (literally \"common\" in Latin) vernacular was seen as dirty, impure, and distasteful to the prim and proper Norman overlords.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-86028", "score": 0.7105769515037537, "text": "Typically these words are crude terms for things we've culturally decided is not appropriate for children. Why did we decide this? I have no idea; people are weird. That being said, parents hate it when your swear in front of children because *they repeat everything*. Like a sugar-crazed parrot. Then they don't understand why they can't say it, because even their little child minds understand that curse words are a pretty stupid cultural construction.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-65739", "score": 0.7080205082893372, "text": "There are two main reasons why swear words are considered bad. 1. Because to express a full range of emotions and meanings, you must have some words that convey feelings of disgust or extreme contempt. So it's not that the word itself, but the meaning attached to the word that makes it bad. 2. Swear words are 'vulgar,' literally meaning that the low class people in society, or the commoners would use those words while the middle and upper class would not say them. Therefor by saying them, you are associating yourself with a low class of people who are deemed socially undesirable by the middle and upper classes. As for how harmful the meaning of a word is, it depends on context and how seriously you take the word. Depending on context, calling someone a bad name can be brutal if they know you meant it.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-462009", "score": 0.7078160643577576, "text": "This came to me when I realized I can't shelter my kids from these so called 'bad words'. I've been swearing using words like - 'shit', 'fuck', 'ass', 'cock', 'bitch', etc since I've been a kid. My parents used these words but told me not to. All adults seemed to use these words but told kids not to. So now I'm 29, with two kids, and they are exposed to these words from me and my wife and my friends and my family and video games and everything else in modern day culture.\n\nSo what's the future of these words? Will they become commonplace in modern language? Just like 'darn', 'heck', 'crap' and such became commonplace and acceptable? And should you worry about your own children saying these things?", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-46651", "score": 0.7074922323226929, "text": "Former radio DJ here -- maybe I can help. It has to do with sometimes-arcane and frequently-nonsensical FCC regulations that dictate that references to genitalia are considered obscene. The slang words like \"pussy\" and \"dick\" *can* be okay if used in certain context. And to the FCC, context unfortunately is key. This is what causes a lot of problems for one subset of broadcaster and zero problems for others that know how to skirt the rules effectively. The rule-of-thumb we used to follow at my station was this -- \"I can call you an 'asshole,' but I can't talk about your asshole.\" Meaning that I can use the word as a pejorative, but I can't use it in the context of your bodily orifice. Suffice it to say that shit is not fair, and frequently means that the guy trying to toe the line can end up being **far** more profane than someone using medical terminology (and yet, somehow, more on the FCC's good side). But them's the breaks.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-125291", "score": 0.7072997093200684, "text": "The word has taken on a derogatory meaning beyond just its literal meaning. It has become a word associated with demeaning or hateful speech, so it is not used in polite society because it may offend someone. It is similar to the word faggot. A faggot, by definition, is a bundle of small sticks. However, you would probably feel uncomfortable using this word in polite conversation due to its colloquial derogatory definition.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-70834", "score": 0.7071678042411804, "text": "In some countries, people aren't really bothered by it at all. In the US, it's a derogatory term towards women. It's just like how faggot is more offensive because it's directed towards gay people, and nigger is more offensive because it's directed towards black people. \"Fuck\" and \"shit\" and \"asshole\" aren't targeted towards any specific group of people. I guess \"bitch\" is, but the meaning of the word (calling someone a dog) is less offensive as \"cunt\" (reducing someone's identity to their genitalia). edit: I guess I should add that this is why some people are more offended by those terms. I personally don't really care much, but this is how many people see it.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-287673", "score": 0.706170916557312, "text": "FWIW, saying taboo words has been found to alleviate pain. _URL_0_ Humans often use the word \"naughty\" as a positive descriptor of sexuality. This suggests that perhaps it's the actual 'forbidden' quality of profanity or taboo sexuality that some people find positive. It's a little speculative, but less speculative than the alternative explanation-- 'projected' sexual feelings towards your own family members that your 'conscious' mind rejects. Lastly, to throw out a question-- perhaps there is some 'quality' to incest-themed pornography that is generally lacking in most porn. For example, maybe you like extremely \"loving and nurturing\" sexuality that theme is played up in the kind of work you enjoy? Or something like that-- some unique quality that appeals to you-- forbiddenness or something else.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-198765", "score": 0.7056688070297241, "text": "Following up: Would there have been a distinction between the obscene language the OP mentioned (e.g. \"fuck\") and actual profane language like \"God damn it\"? Which would have been considered worse?", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-175921", "score": 0.7053073644638062, "text": "Curse and swear words are an oddity in linguistics. Generally, it is accepted that these words first gain their meaning, then become offensive due to their meaning, then become common profanities due to their offensive status. A recent example of this would be \"retarded\". Currently considered quite non-PC, it made its use into the English lexicon as a *polite* way to say someone was mentally disabled. Around a hundred years ago (recent by linguistic standards), \"slow\" was used to define the mentally disabled, and thus became offensive. In an effort to use a new, inoffensive word, medical professionals began to use the word \"retarded\", which literally means \"slowed\". As it became commonly used to describe the mentally disabled, it began to be used as an insult, and then became offensive.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-140265", "score": 0.7052599787712097, "text": "> > Why has cunt become so much more taboo than, say, snatch or pussy? The main reason may simply be that it’s blunt. Linguists note that, unlike those other words for the female genitalia—whose origins are all Latinate, euphemistic, or diminutive—cunt is plain and Anglo-Saxon. There is also the sound of the word. Many of the most taboo words, in addition to generally being Anglo-Saxon in origin, are monosyllables with short vowels, such as shit, piss, fuck, and cock. These are considered more offensive than words of the same meaning, like poopy, pee, screw, and willy. In fact, one of the only other words to share many of these characteristics is twat, which is also often considered highly offensive, though its origins are more uncertain. _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-641790", "score": 0.7041735649108887, "text": "Recently I was wondering why when it comes insults about promiscuity, the ones that exist are all targeted towards females (slut, whore, hoe, etc.) First of all, why is it seen as shameful for women to express their sexuality, and why are so many of these insults targeted towards women when men are more likely to have more sexual partners than women? I hate this double standard.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-180353", "score": 0.7038872838020325, "text": "Curse words are censored in order to make the show more appealing to a wider audience, which in turn makes these shows more appealing for advertising. Some people find curse words to be upsetting or they don’t want their kids hearing them. As for how curse words came about I’m not sure how they originated.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-104908", "score": 0.7025426626205444, "text": "Profanity comes from the assumption that something upheld is being debased. Curse words can come from a few places, but using words with deep seated cultural connotations force you to see it as vulgar when used in certain situations. This is because it crosses a boundary, it's taboo, it shows disrespect and people find disrespect insulting. Hitler wouldn't have the same effect because we are not \"bringing it down\" when using it as an exclamation.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-49780", "score": 0.7018901109695435, "text": "Vsauce actually did a great video on the subject of swear words and why they're taboo just a couple of days ago. You can watch it **[here](_URL_0_)**.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-6992", "score": 0.7015655636787415, "text": "Sex is taboo. Penises and vaginas are actual sex organs. Just like butts, which aren't censored either, nipples/boobs are only sexual objects according to circumstance and culture.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-126", "score": 0.7722609639167786, "text": "Most of his money would come from Youtube views and advertising. Having as many views as Pewdipie gets would certainly net you a lot of money from Youtube." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-88080", "score": 0.6577072739601135, "text": "According to _URL_1_, the highest-paid channel is Pewdiepie at $7 million per year. Jenna Marbles is at $4.3 million per year, Annoying Orange at $3.4 million, and EpicMealTime at $1.3 million. The reason they get paid that much is ad revenue. How can television networks afford to pay millions of dollars per episode of Big Bang Theory? Because advertisers pay millions of dollars to air ads during those shows. How can YouTube afford to pay a video game commentator $7 million/year? Because advertisers are probably paying $20 million/year to put their ads on his videos. Source: _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-83902", "score": 0.6566915512084961, "text": "Felix Kjellberg (PewDiePie) gets famous playing videogames and talking about stuff on youtube. I don't know why kids even like this junk. I guess I'm old. He's \"signed\" with Makers Studio. I also don't know what they do. \"produce\" I guess. Disney bought Makers Studio at some point. Anyway, they all get paid through ads. He gets on YouTube Red which you have to pay for. He cleans up his act a little. Then he does this bit where he shows that people will do anything for money. He sets up a job on Fivver, which is like Mechanical Turk where people online pay people to do stuff. He fucks up though, and the \"anything\" he gets people to do is walk around with a sign saying \"DEATH TO ALL JEWS\". People get offended. The media gets involved. Disney, ala Makers Studio, drop him.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1140883", "score": 0.6550767421722412, "text": "So, let's say you're only capable of producing one youtube video every three months that gets roughly between 50K-100K views. Isn't that like three cents a view? So, that's three thousand dollars spread out over three months? And let's say you have a patreon that produces $150 a month. If you add all of that up you're only making 13 grand a year. Your take home after taxes is $11,500. Even if you split the rent 5 ways in LA, you're still paying $400 a month. So you have to deduct $4,800 in rent which brings you down to $6,700. And even if you're eating pure shit, you still have to pay $150 a month in food which leaves you with around $5,000 left in discretionary income for the year assuming you don't pay insurance on anything. Now, the real question is do you sock that $5,000 away for retirement or a hospital visit or do you splurge on something you want to do like host parties?\n\nBecause there are very few ways a failed comedian can make money right now other than online distribution of something. Your LA friends can only work fast food jobs at this point, which is an extremely tough job market to get into right now considering the competition. So, unless you're friends with someone who works at amazon and likes to cum on your face, how the fuck can you make money through favors IF you're a male? \n\nCan you file for unemployment if, hypothetically, your last employer was from 15 years ago? How the fuck do you survive?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2200044", "score": 0.6464040279388428, "text": "Just 25,000 energetic shitposters making a gross payrole of $2,000 each per month would cost $50,000,000 a month. But they cannot buy love, so their shitposts would be less than shit.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-24707", "score": 0.64543616771698, "text": "Advertisements, and possibly sponsors during the show. If you look at wheel of fortune, Pat and Vanna combined make about 20 million a year. So there is a lot of money to go around if you are successful.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-101889", "score": 0.6454091668128967, "text": "He pays himself a handsome salary. [$600,000 this year](_URL_0_) and $500,000 plus a $220,500 bonus last year. When you're making that kind of money, you give a lot of it to investors to spend on your behalf. They'll usually put it into property, or stocks and shares, or other investments which will bring in more money than if it were sat in a bank account doing nothing. And don't forget, he made money before Facebook by setting up a software company whilst still in high school.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1990952", "score": 0.6432218551635742, "text": "Bit of background information: I founded an internet business, and most of my revenue comes from apps. I posted my AMA here because I couldn't think of a way to prove I make over a million dollars a year.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2139964", "score": 0.6416675448417664, "text": "For the next 4 months i will make about 4k a month (30.000 dkk)\n\nI am looking for the best way to turn that into more money, and one of the ways often mentioned is passive income.\n\n I don't have any experince, and everything when i google is just the same answers over and over again. By reading responens here, it seems like you need money to get started. So what would you recommend with a budget of 4k for 4 months?", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2008639", "score": 0.6394970417022705, "text": "This Guy has 43 Million hits - what would be his pay out from Google?\n\n", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-43761", "score": 0.6362364292144775, "text": "find out how to make 20M a year", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-113510", "score": 0.6354882717132568, "text": "He does get paid but he gets paid in stocks. So instead of getting paid at the end of the year he gets X # of shares of facebook stock He can turn around and sell that stock for a profit. Also because of tax reasons he only has to pay 15% tax on it not the normal rate most of us pay what with all the taxes is around 35-40%", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-114342", "score": 0.6350440979003906, "text": "Google is making about $60 billion a year. It costs them about $25 billion a year to make that money. They're spending another $12 billion a year on sales, marketing, and administrative stuff. That leaves $23 billion a year on research and development and stuff like hiring street view drivers. ([Source](_URL_0_))", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-580747", "score": 0.6335564851760864, "text": "That's making $1k+ per month from Amazon Affiliate and maybe a couple hundred from AdSense.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-61841", "score": 0.6335236430168152, "text": "Hi, my name is BadgerBash, and I am a tax evader, here's how I did it. I own Pepsi, and american company, and I make a lot of money off of it. Actually, I made 10 billion dollars last year. Because the government wants to tax my money at 10%, I would loose 1 Billion dollars in profit. So I decide to set up a fake company in another country, where the tax rate is only 1%. So my fake company, Samsung, is located in the Bahamas, and I bill Pepsi 9 billion dollars. All of my money is now moved to the Bahamas. Now Pepsi only made 1 Billion dollars, and only owes the us government 100 Million. Samsung is worth 9 Billion, and owes the bahamas 90 Million. If I would have been legit about my business, I would owe the government 1 Billion Dollars. Instead, now I owe the government 200 Million dollars. Now, imagine if thousands of people did this too.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-153939", "score": 0.6318106055259705, "text": "> They cant make that much money can they? They really do. They brought in over 4 billion in 2011 (revenue, so that wasn't all profit of course). Edit - It is ridiculous this is one of my highest upvoted comments.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-52062", "score": 0.6310971975326538, "text": "Landing the Amazon HQ would mean up to $5 billion in construction spending to build the HQ, and then potentially 50k jobs paying about $100k on average. That means a lot of new money pumped into the local economy, creating a lot of construction jobs for a time and permanently providing lots programmer, marketing, etc. jobs. And those workers buy homes, eat out at restaurants, take transit, pay taxes, etc. pumping lots of money into the economy and creating even more jobs.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2591483", "score": 0.6301572918891907, "text": "$500k for me to start considering.\n\nThis is not financial advice. I'm a bathing ape in love with crayon bath bombs.\n\nEdit: all you posting $100k idk if you're being serious. $500k is the new average, people\n\nEdit: sorry this should be fluff instead of hedge fund tears. I'm a dumb bathing ape.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1139682", "score": 0.6298664212226868, "text": "I get that they're \"entertainers\" but the sheer mass of cash they have flowing in is really unsettling especially since the biggest names are usually horrible people like Pewdiepie, Logan Paul, etc. \n\nPewdiepie's low effort videoes make him over a million a month, I haven't watched his videos in years but I remember all he did was play video games and scream at the camera. There are Minecraft channels that have made millions off of parody videos that were made using the majority of other people's work. Meanwhile, millions of people are working their asses off just to feed their families in the United States. This is seriously fucked up.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2200025", "score": 0.6276265978813171, "text": "Everyone knows that big YouTubers make millions of dollars, but what about the platform that makes it possible? How much money does YouTube make? Well, it’s actually not what you would expect. Google loses billions of dollars every single year running YouTube and its only getting worse. This video describes why YouTube is so unprofitable and reasons why Google continues to run the platform despite hefty losses. \n\n", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1136098", "score": 0.625923752784729, "text": "We know he lives like a roach, but how much of that is an act? My friend thinks he doesn't clear $50k a year, I think he's probably making a couple hundred thousand. What do you think?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-127", "score": 0.65520840883255, "text": "Straight in, stick to the top, two o clock (yes always) until about the second bend in your fingers, if you've hit your knuckles that's way too far. It all generally feels the same to you but it has sort of an interesting texture. So I know perhaps you've always been told to do the \"Come here\" motion but it's actually okay to be a little bit rougher than that, nearly all the nerves are located outside and in the clitoris. So use your dominant hand for entry and place the other hand palm down thumb towards you, gently but firmly across the lower pelvis. Use your two fingers with dominant hand to move entire fore arm in a controlled vibration sort of motion. Check with female on pressure and intensity. Use clitoral stimulation at your discretion. Hope that makes sense!" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1218984", "score": 0.6222469210624695, "text": "I do pretty well shaving my lady bit area for the most part, but I always struggle with the little crevice right below the mons pubis, right about the labia. How do you ladies get a good shave of this area? Any tips appreciated :)", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-53844", "score": 0.6221417784690857, "text": "It's referred to as \"Elevator Butt\". Most cats do this because it's sensitive and feels good and it's a friendly gesture to keep doing it. On the flip side female cats also do this when in \"heat\" with or without stimulation and the position is called \"lordosis\" where the tail is normally off to the side which is different from \"Elevator Butt\". It means she wants to have the sex. So, it's a cat G spot.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-913499", "score": 0.6217648983001709, "text": "I'm a 24 yo female. I've been sexually active for about a decade, and never had any guilt or self-consciousness about my sexuality. I wasn't raised religiously or made to feel guilty about sex, but I didn't masturbate to orgasm until I was 19, because it simply never occurred to me to touch myself 'down there.' My clitoris isn't very sensitive to touch, and my orgasms are the equivalent of a 2 second hiccup.\n\nThe only thing that gives me any type of pleasurable sensation is a vibrator, and as I've gotten older and bought more toys, my orgasms from vibrators are getting weaker and weaker. I know that earth-shaking orgasms are a myth and for many women they're pretty mild, but I'd say that my average orgasm gives me less satisfaction and relief than a sneeze. Even if I try to tease myself for a while or am really aroused, it doesn't really change the intensity of my orgasm or the level of sensation.\n\nI don't have any problem with penetrative sex, although it also feels like pretty much nothing to me. I can find my gspot relatively easily with my fingers or a dildo, but it still doesn't give me any significant sensation of pleasure.\n\nFull disclosure - I started taking Wellbutrin about 2 months ago but I've had these sensitivity problems for years before I started medication. I actually regained some of my libido after I got on meds because I'm not as depressed. I have not noticed any difference in my clitoral sensitivity at all since starting Wellbutrin.\n\nThere's nothing unusual about my anatomy down there. Again, I don't feel guilty about sex and I have a pretty good handle on what turns me on.\n\nOddly, I do have the ability to feel discomfort down there. If I'm not well-lubed or if a partner uses to much pressure, I find it somewhat painful. I just can't feel 'good' sensations.\n\nDoes anyone know why I might have such low clitoral sensitivity and underwhelming orgasms?\n\nIs there anything I can do to fix this problem? I've tried to make peace with this because it very well just might be a defect in my anatomy, but I do find it pretty frustrating, especially when it comes to partnered sex. Thanks!\n\nEDT: My younger sister was raised exactly the same way as me, also has depression, and also became sexually active in her mid-teens, but she doesn't have this problem at all.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-739945", "score": 0.6216228604316711, "text": "If my gf were to give me handjob, where is the sperm supposed to go, should I go wipe it in the bathroom, i dont understand how to react to ejaculation.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2652272", "score": 0.6214467287063599, "text": "I am a teenage girl, and I am too embarrassed to ask my mom about this. I hope this is the right place to post-- I'm not sure but you all seem really nice and supportive so I thought one of you might be able to help me.\n\nI have been doing some research to get more familiar with my body, and there is a structure (near my vaginal opening) that I can't seem to find in many pictures, and I want to be sure that it is normal and see if anyone can tell me what it is. I think I found it in a labelled picture online (NSFW obviously, it is the circled region. I don't think it is my hymen, cause I think it has broken, but I don't really know what it is. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Sorry for my ignorance haha\n\nThanks in advance!", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1106964", "score": 0.6210777759552002, "text": "I'm a female and I've been told that most women need some kind of clitoral stimulation to get off. My boyfriend's previous two girlfriends did not and I do, so when we first started having sex, I had to show him where the clit was and what to do with it and when. \n\nThe person that told me this said that the two girls probably faked their orgasms (they didn't really like him that much and treated him poorly), but I'm wondering if this is outdated information or if it's relatively true?", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-895707", "score": 0.6196560859680176, "text": "Unlike most women, my wife can orgasm during sex but never gets off from fingers or mouths. I think this is the reverse of everything I've ever read. Usually women can get off from direct clit stimulation alone but have trouble when their partner takes control and especially during penetration. \n\nLately I've found that I increasingly want to solve this riddle because I know she CAN orgasm, and other forms of stimulation just open up possibilities for me to pleasure her. \n\nIn my attempts trying to be open minded to individual techniques, I have asked her to show me what she likes. Because of her situation, she's told me that she gave up on pleasuring herself with her fingers when she was a teen. She has owned and used a vibrator or 2 but mainly relied on men. Basically she has long given up on trying to make this happen and doesn't have a clue. \n\n\nI've asked her about this a few times but she shrugs it off. Once she told me it didn't do much for her. Another time she told me it was a control issue, as in she feels less in control over her orgasm when stimulated that way. I asked for her to explain that a bit more but she didn't know how. Another time she said fingers are pleasurable at first, but once I have mentioned that my goal isn't leading up to sex, but rather continuing until she orgasms, she loses interest and then it is just uncomfortable and overstimulating.\n\nFrom my point of view, she can orgasm, so that's not off the table. She's also enjoying being touched (fingers or mouth) pretty significantly. If I were to compare to other women for a rough analogy... it probably gets her 50-60% off the way there.... doesn't seem like she's at the threshold of orgasm, but is significantly heading in that direction. I think she has just conditioned herself that it will never happen so she doesn't allow herself to get in a mindset to just let it happen. \n\nHow do I pull her out of this cycle? Feel like the first time I can get her there will at least prove that it's possible for later play. That first time though... I don't know how to get her to just be relaxed and work up to it.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-658161", "score": 0.6195650100708008, "text": "I apologize if this has been covered. I tried to search it out and didn't find what I was curious about. So I know the common sites and methods. There seems to be mixed signals on which site is best. I have heard people praise the glute and condemn the stomach for example, but I haven't heard why.\n\nMy questions are, why is one spot potentially better than the other? Is it fat is fat so go with personal preference? Is it Bro science? Or are there studies showing sub q in spot A is better than spot B because...? \n\nThanks", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-43955", "score": 0.6187335252761841, "text": "\"Coregasms\" haven't been sufficiently studied to get the answer to that. A popular speculation is the pressure of lower abdominal muscles on the clitoris during exercise. There's greater uncertainty for the few men who claim to achieve this as well.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2433132", "score": 0.6187120676040649, "text": "I [27 F] have squirted in the past with three ex bf/ ex FWB’s, from fingering or during sex. However, I don’t really know how it happened and I can’t make myself squirt (I can’t reach my g spot well enough). I really like having sex with my current fwb and he gives me orgasms but I want to squirt again. It was so fun! Does anyone have any tips or think it’s even possible to teach him? Should I just find a fwb who already knows how to do it? I know you’re supposed to stimulate the g spot and I tried to teach my ex, but for some reason it just didn’t work.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1062662", "score": 0.6176184415817261, "text": "Right!\nI'm 16 and a first time user of a menstrual cup, it was a gift from my mum who suffered from the death-flow periods I now get, so can't have any medication for it due to migraines making doctors unwilling to pescribe. \n\nSo I did some research and went to figure out where my Cervix was... only to find I couldn't find it... I got my whole index finger \"up there\" and felt nothing, just empty space expanding onwards and at a 45 degree angle to the left for eternity. \n\nRegardless I pushed on and inserted my cup, using a punch-down fold I wriggled it up there and it opened nicely, doing everything it said it should first time. \n\nFast forwards 45 minutes and I've filled my backup pad and got more blood on my period undies.\n\nDoes anyone have any tips or pointers to help me out?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-608767", "score": 0.61676025390625, "text": "For (m) where do you prefer to have your cum?\n\n\nFor (f) where do you prefer cum to be?", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1217967", "score": 0.6163144111633301, "text": "So I have been considering getting a piercing on my cock, but I don't know how it would be received or where to get it. I was thinking one of those under the skin beads somewhere that would stimulate the G-spot (I'm a straight male if that wasn't clear.) Does anyone have recommendations on size, or tales of their own experience to offer?\n\nThanks very much.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2561944", "score": 0.6161816120147705, "text": "I’ve looked everywhere and google is returning some interesting results. There’s a post on r/tipofmypenis about it, but it’s from a month ago and has no responses.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-344087", "score": 0.6158308386802673, "text": "Okay ladies, I love to go down in my girlfriend and I have no problem getting her where she needs to be, but I want to keep things fresh. Any advice?", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1023236", "score": 0.6153566837310791, "text": "Hello! This is a little NSFW but I had to ask. \nMy GF is trans and 9mths HRT (as of today, actually!) and I'm a woman also, we have some questions about sex. We knew that HRT would have an effect. \n\nYesterday morning, for the first time in months we got a little bit physical. It's sufficient to say that size and stamina isn't what it used to be but we work with what we've got. After a few moments things soon deflated but I was happy we made a small step towards her becoming more comfortable with sex and intimacy again. \n\nWe lay there talking for a little while and she was explaining to me how she's been a little more curious about trying sex again but is concerned about her ability to orgasm. She said that it was beginning to feel like the sensation you have just before you orgasm (\"the point when a guy knows to hold off to last a little longer\") but couldn't seem to get past it and then eventually lost interest. Personally, from experience, it sounded like when I'm focusing too hard on orgasming and it causes me to loose it.\n\nShe said she'd like to maybe take some time, experiment, relearn her body and sensations again. Has anyone any advice or suggestions that we can try together? It doesn't have to be anything totally wild or explicit but just some advice perhaps from your own experiences.\n\nMy theory is that initially, in the early days of HRT she was it was a cross-fade of \"man\"gasms into \"lady\"gasms as the blockers and E took effect. That's why orgasming was easy but more intense, now she \"lady\"gasms only which take a little more work. I hope that made sense 😂\n\nThank you for taking time to read this. I'm here for discussions in the comments 🙂\n\nTL;DR: GF is getting back into sex but can't orgasm, looking for advice.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1235037", "score": 0.6148531436920166, "text": "I watched the documentary The Perfect Vagina. I was shocked. I never thought that this would be a thing. Surgery to make one's vagina look more \"right.\" I can't wrap my head around this.\n\nSo, I guess i have a multi-part question. Do the ladies actually worry about their bits? If so, where did they get the idea of the perfect vagina?\nFor the guys, have you ever actually thought a vagina was shaped imperfectly? What characteristic made it so?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-963917", "score": 0.614805281162262, "text": "Is it the head? Is it the tail? Or is it somewhere on the body?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1236563", "score": 0.6146713495254517, "text": "I was asking myself if I ever encountered a \"bad women's anatomy\"-moment and well... Yes. I have.\n\nWe were talking about the design of video game characters and that if you look at female characters there is this pretty huge distance between the hip bones that causes a gap between the legs in the crotch area.\nIt's very visible in League of Legends Shyvana splash art.\n\nI said it looked quite odd to me and that it usually isn't in that proportion. My boyfriend then just told me something like \"Well the bigger the gap between the legs the looser the vagina. It is so obvious. I don't understand why you don't know about it. That's why yours is so tight.\"\nI have vaginismus and human like proportions.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-725038", "score": 0.6144893169403076, "text": "Avoid lists.\n\nFor me, it's underneath the toes, right at the base of them. I love running my fingers or tongue across them.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-128", "score": 0.7917717695236206, "text": "Because there isn't nothing there. Every spectrum is full of random noise from stars, radioactive decay, all sorts of things like that. It's just terrestrial broadcasts are so much stronger that it overwhelms the random noise. This is why when you start reaching the edge of the coverage area for the station you're listening to, it starts getting more and more static-ey and doesn't just go from \"fine\" to \"nothing.\"" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-95760", "score": 0.7497835159301758, "text": "I believe your radio judges it based on signal strength. When you hear static on your radio channel, it means the signal is getting distorted or interupted. This can be caused by a number of things like tunnels, weather conditions, stronger signals briefly intersecting... Your radio basically looks for the strongest signals. Scan just runs through the entire bandwith to see which signals pass the minimum requirements to be seen as a strong signal.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-308096", "score": 0.7497738003730774, "text": "When the stereo is on a non-station frequency, what you hear as the \"white noise\" or \"static\" is actually just the receiver not receiving signal. So when you scan for a radio station, the radio is changing the frequency at which it accepts signal, and when it does in fact receive signal strong enough, it knows that it is on a radio station. The thing to keep in mind is that white noise isn't a signal coming in, but rather lack of.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-120235", "score": 0.7494222521781921, "text": "All I can tell you a about static is that it's background radiation. I think in the '60s or '70s, these guys with a microwave scanner kept getting background noise and couldn't figure out what it was. They were looking for microwave radiation to make the Big Bang Theory a *theory* and not just an idea. At the same time, some other scientists were also trying to find background radiation. Eventually they got in touch and as t turns out, static (radio for sure) is theorized to be leftover radiation from the Big Bang. I know it doesn't answer you're question, but there's some context. Check Scishow Space and Bill Bryson's A Brief History of Nearly Everything for more information and better details.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-171522", "score": 0.7485195398330688, "text": "There's a background mishmash of random radio noise across all frequencies at all times. This comes from nearby electronics and powerlines, the magnetic fields of the sun and planets, and sources in deep space. Typically their signals are relatively weak and get drowned out by a strong signal from a radio transmitter, but when there's no strong signal you get that random fuzz instead. A few frequencies are deliberately left open because the background noise is unusually powerful at that range.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-174554", "score": 0.7460646629333496, "text": "TV static (Also known as snow, or Ant war depending on your native language!) is the result of electromagnetic background noise. Basically when there is no other stronger input signal the TV displays whatever EM garbage it picks up on the antenna. The reason the static is black and white is because of quirk of how TV's process signals. Color was added to TV's after the fact, so to maintain compatibility with legacy signals the color information is stored in a special carrier signal. That signal isn't present in the background static so the TV doesn't interpret the signal it receives as color. So it displays in it's default mode which is Black and White. The source of the static however is far more interesting. Most TV static is actually the TV interpreting the cosmic background radiation, the after shock of the Big Bang. So the next time someone says there's no proof of the Big Bang, you can respond with \"Yes, Actually we can see it, just turn on your TV!\"", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-96745", "score": 0.7418040037155151, "text": "Frequencies are essentially the intensity that radio waves vibrate. Radio stations broadcast over different frequencies so that they can all be broadcasting at the same time. Radio receivers are designed to focus on a single frequency of radio waves and turn it into sounds. When you hear static on frequencies that don't have a station, that is actually the sound of background radiation from outer space! Your radio just cycles through frequencies until it finds one that has a strong signal.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-274529", "score": 0.7413687705993652, "text": "It may be interference due to electromagnetic induction. A current through a wire produces an electromagnetic field. Changing electromagnetic fields can affect the current in a wire. This is noticeable if you have computer speakers and run power or signal cables across and alongside them. You'll hear regular distortion and noise even if your computer is putting out no audio signal. I'm hazy on the specific mechanics, but it's an interesting concept and the principle is how railguns and power transformers work. I'm not sure if static electricity could produce enough of an effect to result in audible interference, but I'd reckon there's a good chance it could be.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-50652", "score": 0.740939736366272, "text": "It depends on whose signal is stronger. If you put a radio right next to your broadcasting antenna, it'd probably pick up only your broadcast because it'd be a lot stronger. If you put a radio far away from your antenna, such that your broadcast was comparatively weak, then they'd pick up the \"main\" radio station at that frequency. If the two were somewhat balanced - i.e. someone was positioned such that the signal from your broadcast and the signal from the main radio station are about equally strong, then they'd definitely get a lot of interference. It wouldn't be static, they'd actually hear both radio signals mixed together. They'd be able to pick out bits of both sometimes, and other times they'd indeed collide to produce noise.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-79279", "score": 0.7375892400741577, "text": "Y'mean like analog tv static? It's caused by literally everything that emits electromagnetic radiation, from the vacuum cleaner motor in the next room to the echo of the big bang. It's not any \"blockier\" than regular TV, it's just that because the pattern is so random the pixels stick out more. It's black and white because analog TV's look for a certain signal pattern to indicate color, and that pattern (almost) never occurs in the random noise.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-131360", "score": 0.734690248966217, "text": "First, keep in mind that as a general rule, static is a result of poor reception. This can be caused by distance, or simple interference. The answer to this, barring such modern contrivances as cable radio and the like, is to attach the receiver to a bigger antenna. So what's this got to do with you touching or coming close to the antenna? Turns out that the human body makes a pretty good one in most cases, being a better conductor than, say, air or your living room wall. As a result, more of the signal is picked up and channeled into your receiver via the antenna, clearing up the reception.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-859107", "score": 0.7328553795814514, "text": "An example would be a tornado warning over the radio. Most of the time when I hear them, they are so muffled and have so much static, that it's hard to make out what they are saying. Yet, when the station switches back to whatever music it was playing, the sound quality goes back to normal. It seems like it would be important to have decent sound quality when relaying information about the storm.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2014087", "score": 0.7315337657928467, "text": "For example, I have an FM radio transmitter in my car. Sometimes it'll get static-y and if I just touch it then the static clears up. Is there a reason for this?", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-265395", "score": 0.7306533455848694, "text": "It would still be static. It would be more uniform though because on earth there is a lot of stuff transmitting. Every star is transmitting radio waves. Mostly static is the thermal noise floor of the receiver though, and you can get that even if you disconnect the antenna.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-104351", "score": 0.7296193242073059, "text": "The way TVs used to work (and mostly still do). Since there is no signal at all on those channels the TV antena picks up random noise from the air and amplifies it so you get random noise (though this helps with weak channels where the amplification would let you see the channel even if drowned by noise). A TV signal has a recognizable pattern so if such a pattern is not present (or too weak to be recognized) the set just shows no image to avoid showing the random noise, though it also prevents you from watching weak/far channels. [Analog TV signals only]. On a digital signal, it's an all or nothing affair, as what the TV receives can't be directly translated into an image, so the TV just can't construct an image out of random noise. So, where does this random noise come from? Lots of places. Nearby machinery can produce some of it, heat sources, some even comes from outer space.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-318051", "score": 0.7205524444580078, "text": "Most of it is [noise](_URL_0_) generated in the TV's tuner. TV's have automatic gain control circuits to be able to bring in weak stations or strong stations. In the absence of a signal, gain is at maximum, and so is amplifier noise. If an antenna is connected, terrestrial sources, the Sun, or Cosmic Background Radiation will add a small amount, but it won't change the display noticeably.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-245", "score": 0.7198230624198914, "text": "Although I can't understand what you're saying in the explanation, I think I know what your'e talking about. Old TVs emit a very high frequency noise that is constantly on, even with the volume muted. you might be hearing this from the other room.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-298785", "score": 0.7189545035362244, "text": "No. Technically any electromagnetic wave traveling through our atmosphere is different than in empty space but it's basically irrelevant for our concern. Mountains or concrete walls or metal sheets can cause problems to a much greater degree like dropping cell service. I think what you meant though is wind not just pure atmosphere. I don't think windy days would cause you to not get a radio station you normally would. Effects would probably be immeasurable without special equipment in a controlled environment. Air temp and humidity would play a far greater effect.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-141335", "score": 0.7185459136962891, "text": "We don't know for sure. A common theory is that the brain is trying to make sense of the lack of signal (probably due to damaged hair cells) by cranking up the sensitivity, resulting in basically static noise. Imagine turning up the volume on the radio because you can't hear anything. But since there's no signal you just get louder white noise. Regardless what it is though, there is no actual sound. Tinnitus ultimately happens in the brain, not the ears. Misinterpreting signals, or neural circuits thrown out of balance", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-173583", "score": 0.7183833718299866, "text": "The electronics basically tune through every frequency, and listen a micro-second to see if there's a signal. When it comes through the antenna, the signal is a frequency of voltage, and \"no signal\" is basically a flat voltage; if you could hook it up to an oscilloscope, you'd basically see the difference between the spikes (of voltage) and the flat line (no signal). So basically it's just that the electronics can check each frequency very fast.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-186070", "score": 0.7168058753013611, "text": "Radios use special waves to send their messages. Dense stuff like bridges usually have metal in them, and metal is really good at blocking those special waves. If those waves can't get through, your car's antenna can't pick them up. It's like putting a pillow over your ears- you might be able to still hear a little bit, but it's really muffled because the sound is being absorbed by the pillow. Slightly > 5 explanation: bridges/buildings often have rebar, which is concrete that is strengthened with metal bars. The metal bars often create a mesh which acts like a Faraday cage, which generally blocks incoming radio transmission. This is why you often get poor cell service in big buildings. Someone please correct me if I'm wrong here.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-129", "score": 0.8167940974235535, "text": "You can put metal in microwaves, which is a lot come with racks, you just can't put metal with sharp edges/points such as forks and aluminum foil. As for the interior, most microwaves have their interior painted to prevent these issues." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-98124", "score": 0.7744799852371216, "text": "The microwave doesn't explode, but bad-ish things can happen. The microwave oven's mechanics is built to put a certain amount of energy into it. This is based on the assumption that the oven will contain a certain amount of damp stuff - like foods containing water. Heating up those foods is the 'load' on the microwaves internals. When you put metal in a microwave, the energy produced also creates electric currents flowing in the spoon. This is a different, and greater load, than the expected damp food. Because the load is different, more electricity is drawn by the circuits, and they can overheat. Interestingly, a fork is more dangerous than a spoon. The currents in metal in a microwave concentrate at sharp points, like the points of a fork. This can create sparks, and plasma - it can make the air conduct like a metal - and when large parts of the air are conductive, a microwave can really overheat.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-115953", "score": 0.7738569378852844, "text": "Basically, microwaves work by generating low-frequency radio waves that excite the molecules in food. This excitation generates heat, and the conductive properties of the food or liquid carries that heat to the center of the item. Metal will reflect these radio/microwaves. This is why a microwave is basically a big, secure, metal box--so you don't cook everything in the room around you. If you put a thick piece of metal in the microwave (say, like a pot pie pan) then the microwaves are simply reflected back and forth between the pan and the walls of the microwave. However, a thin sheet of metal like a strip of aluminum foil can't withstand the energy provided by the microwaves and will rapidly heat up and ignite. The electromagnetic field in the microwave will cause a current to run through the foil, and if the foil is crinkled into sharp edges, the current will discharge as bright sparks.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-79152", "score": 0.7734655141830444, "text": "You can somewhat. There are microwaves with metal racks that are safe to use. Pretty much and thicker, smooth, rounded metal that isn't touched the side or bottom directly will be microwave safe because the electrons can freely move around without creating an arc. ELI5: You can as long as it's thick, smooth, rounded. Fork = not rounded = bad time Cylidrical rod = smooth, rounded, thick = good time Tin foil ball = hell on Earth, just dont do it. GRAPE: = Youtube it, it's awesome.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-96270", "score": 0.772737979888916, "text": "Metal reflects microwaves. The boundaries of the oven contain the microwaves, allowing them to bounce around inside until they hit food. Metal can be inside the microwave as well, just you have to be careful with it, as it can build up an electric potential and eventually arc, creating sparks. You can often find metal grills for the microwave or microwaveable products that use metal-lined lids, but these are designed to mitigate the chance of sparks by using wide gaps and flat surfaces.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-962", "score": 0.7717863917350769, "text": "Not really an expert on this, but basically the way microwaves work is they send a lot of microwaves (duh) across the heating chamber. This makes the particles of items inside move a lot faster and therefore raise the temperature of the item. This works fine for foods etc, but for metals accelerating the particles means creating electricity. All that electricity cannot be contained inside the metal (since it is a conductor, which means it only passes the current along). This causes the electricity to escape in form of sparks. I don't think I need to explain to you why sparks flying freely inside an electronic device can be dangerous ;) Hope I made it clear enough?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-560282", "score": 0.7716699242591858, "text": "I know there are microwaveable plates and such but I want to understand why and how something is not okay to out in the microwave.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-318389", "score": 0.770236611366272, "text": "Fun fact, it's not a good idea to run a microwave with nothing inside. The energy feedback between the empty chamber can bounce back to the magnetron, and overload it. Basically, the food inside is absorbing energy, which heats it up. Metal is also a bad idea, because that energy can interact in different ways, from ruining the microwave, to electrical arcing, and ionizing air. Microwaves are fun.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-98814", "score": 0.7688663601875305, "text": "It isn't because it's reflective, but rather because it's metal. Metal things conduct electricity. One effect of the microwave is to make electricity flow in anything conductive inside of it. That electricity creates sparks and plasma (a lot like lightning, but on a smaller scale), making things heat up, catch fire, or explode.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-313599", "score": 0.7648186683654785, "text": "The energy of a microwave is designed to particularly be absorbed by water and result in heating. As it turns out, however, metals will also absorb these same wavelengths. This turns out in the metal absorbing a ton of energy and, among other things, heating up significantly. It can also cause electric currents in the metal and all sorts of sparking. Though the microwave has a metal case, the interior walls do not absorb microwaves.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-164959", "score": 0.7612388134002686, "text": "A microwave shoots out microwaves(photons) to heat your food. It doesn't really heat the food, but the water absorbs any photons which happen to hit it and gain X energy, which then disperses to the rest of the food. Metals have something called the photoelectric effect, which basically means when you shoot photons with enough energy at it (like microwaves!), the metal absorbs the photon and has enough energy for a few electrons to start moving around. Moving electrons? That sounds like a current to me. (I believe this is also how solar power works, since light is just microwaves with more energy) So the metal absorbs the photons, which lets some electrons get loose, which creates a current, which makes sparks and other dangerous stuff. *Qualifications: I took two semesters of physics. Please correct anything I have messed up.*", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-26448", "score": 0.7596683502197266, "text": "There's a bit of a misconception regarding metal in microwaves. Flat metal actually isn't bad in a microwave, because it does essentially the same thing as the walls of the microwave (reflect microwaves evenly). With those pizza trays, the metal reflects microwave directly up against the bottom of the pizza, allowing more direct radiation against the food. You don't \"need\" it, but without it the radiation will bounce off of the metal lining on the bottom of the microwave instead of directly under the pizza, causing it to be less evenly cooked or not cooked at all. Other metal items, like forks or cups, are dangerous because the cause the radiation to spread out unevenly, which can cause too much radiation against the item and cause the sparks and hazards you might have seen on YouTube.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-120349", "score": 0.7590699791908264, "text": "It has air vents. Microwave energy is prevented from leaving the microwave due to a metal mesh that surrounds it. [This mesh is not airtight, and doesn't need to be](_URL_0_) to function properly.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-32333", "score": 0.7588745355606079, "text": "A microwave works by zapping food with microwaves. The microwaves interact with water molecules in the food, causing them to gain kinetic energy/heat. The do this because electromagnetic radiation is an oscillating electric and magnetic field. Water molecules are polar, which means that one side is more positively charged than the other. So the water molecule wants to align itself with the magnetic field, but the field is constantly changing to the water molecule is constantly flipping to try and align itself. Metal is bad because metals have lots of \"loose\" electrons that are easy to remove. When the microwaves hit metal, they strip these electrons away and you get sparks/arcing.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-45141", "score": 0.7569885849952698, "text": "Microwaves can induce electric current in metallic (or any conductive) objects. They are, quite literally, antennas. And while normally antennas receive signals of low power, these are high power signals meant for transferring energy. The effect of these currents depends alot on the object's makeup. \"Pure\" metal in a smooth shape tends to disperse the current pretty easily. If, however, the metal is mixed with other things, or has sharp edges, or air gaps, this makes it much harder for all the electric forces to equalize and you can get sparking which becomes a fire hazard. The classic example here is that usually forks cause sparking, but spoons do not.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-562134", "score": 0.7558011412620544, "text": "I know you’re not supposed to put stainless steel utensils in the microwave, but what would happen if you tried to use a microwave in a stainless steel house? Would there be any effect at all?\n\nedit: Thank you guys! Just one of those high what-if’s, but I appreciate y’all entertaining it :)", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-46", "score": 0.7530755400657654, "text": "The way microwaves work is through jiggling charged/polar particles in your food (the water primarily). This jiggling increases their temperature and that heats up the rest of your food. That's why you can't heat oil as easily as you can water. However, metals like iron are *great* conductors of electrons. What makes them good conductors is a little complicated but basically, the reason is that they have a soup of electrons moving from atom to atom with almost 0 energy needed to move an electron from one atom to another. Thus when the microwave jiggles these electrons, rather than giving energy to the atom, it gives it to the electron which zips around in the soup. The amount of energy given to the soup can get high enough to bypass the natural insulation of the air and cause electrons to jump from the metal and rip through the air. This is called a spark and is basically what happens during a lightning strike.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-308711", "score": 0.7522264719009399, "text": "Kind of a follow up question, but why do a lot of microwaveable soups that come in bowls have metal on the inside? And why doesn't it spark and cause damage?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-3132", "score": 0.7521893978118896, "text": "Electrical engineer, the answer is simple. The metal box is a conductive plane, preventing potential differences from accumulating. They discharge naturally and rapidlly The frequency of the microwaves are set up to create a standing wave in the microwave. This standing wave is caused because the electrically conductive box is the right size to do so. If a metal object is in the microwave and shaped so that there exists a potential due to standing waves that cannot be discharges over the metal, it will likely amplify until it arcs. So, what causes this potential and thus arc? 1. Two bits of metal which are close but not in contact. Take two strips of aluminium foil, bend in zig zags and place close, but not touching in a microwave, they should go off nicely. 2. Sharp points in close proximity with a long conductive distance between them. Fork tines are good for this. A screwed up bit of foil also works. And if you want to watch something cool, try a CD, that goes off like a firework due to #1.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-37315", "score": 0.7505123019218445, "text": "Metallic substances have electrons that can move around freely in between the molecules. The microwaves cause the electrons to get excited and can end up creating electric potential differences that cause electrical arcing. The electrical arcing can fuck with a lot of things, as I'm sure you can imagine.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-82112", "score": 0.7498874664306641, "text": "The metal rack in the microwave was designed by the manufacturer to not absorb the frequencies used inside. The rounded corners and overlapping welds help is avoid acting as an antenna. A randomly shaped conductor is much more likely to absorb a broad range of frequencies. If it absorbs the one the microwave uses, high currents can be generated, and bad things will happen.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-132", "score": 0.7838375568389893, "text": "A bath is a time when dogs get much attention and get touched and scrubbed all over. A dog can become emotionally overwhelmed from this extreme attention. Also, the situation of getting soaked to the skin is unusual for the dog, perhaps stressful, because their undercoat is an important protection to them. To get this undercoat wet \"against their will\" so to speak, while being restrained, can make them stress. These things can combine to overexcite the dog. To discharge this overexcitement, the dog may go apeshit - running, shaking water off, frenzied actions. In short, blowing off steam." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-93063", "score": 0.717117190361023, "text": "From what I understand, they are just trying to warm themselves back up after being wet. I believe it gets their blood flowing and helps them warm up. 😀 I know my puppy always seems warmer afterwards.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-147092", "score": 0.7154093384742737, "text": "This is more anecdotal than anything. You have playful dogs. My dog *despises* me during and immediately after his bath. He runs and hides in his crate for a half hour every time.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2420670", "score": 0.7062236070632935, "text": "Little Lucky is a Chihuahua mix, and he has had staph issues the past year. My wife and I have been bathing him weekley with shampoo that is supposed to help. He used to hate getting a bath and would always run under the bed. Now he begs every morning for a bath. If I don't let him in and shut him out of the bathroom, he WAILS. If I leave the door cracked. He makes his way in, shoves the shower curtain open, and jumps in.\n\nIs this just a form of separation anxiety?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-135544", "score": 0.7042742371559143, "text": "My pug did the same thing. She hated baths but when we were finished she'd go crazy and attack the towel like a maniac and we'd wrestle for five or ten minutes. It was a fun routine we had.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-795362", "score": 0.7042709589004517, "text": "Perhaps I'm stereotyping. But I seem to see a lot of social media posts about dogs hating baths, but also see a lot of posts about dogs enjoying swimming. Why the difference?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-813765", "score": 0.6943297386169434, "text": "When I first got my pup she LOVED the shower, she would go in voluntarily and be super easy to bathe. A little back story, I live in a 3 story town house and I live on the third floor... it takes the water a REALLY long time to heat up. A couple weeks ago she was playing in the water while the shower heated up and it got hot faster than normal and the poor thing got hit with scalding water. Now every time I take her in there she is absolutely miserable. She’s still well behaved and goes through with the bath but it’s much more challenging to get her to stay under the water / I can tell she is not happy to be there even though the water temp is appropriate. How can I get my girl to love the bath/shower again? She was so stinking cute in there, I’m so sad this happened.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2422074", "score": 0.6863850951194763, "text": "I don't know where else to really turn to I called an emergency vet and I called a friend who works in the veterinary field and they both have no idea what going on. My dog out of nowhere has become obsessed with our bath tub. It doesn't make sense because he isn't a fan of baths so he usually stays away from the tub. He keeps jumping in and out of the tub whining and whimpering and he keeps clawing at the walls trying to get as high as he can. I've taken anything down high up he might have seen and I've even lifted him up high to see if he can get to what hes trying to get but nothing is working and he just keeps going un-phased. If we close the bathroom door he panics and scratchs at the door whimpering trying to get in. Please someone help or tell where to turn to. I took a short video to better show what hes doing.\n", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-76898", "score": 0.6858261823654175, "text": "It simulates the licking action their mother used to clean them as babies. When an animal licks you back they are bathing you in return for your \"bath\" to them.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-640449", "score": 0.6825895309448242, "text": "This happened about 30 minutes ago. \n\nGot home, greeted the dog, let her out to do her business and went to run a perfect bubble bath. \n\nWith the bath ran and the dog back inside and sorted, I lay back in warm bubbly heaven thinking all was right with the world. \n\nI was wrong. \n\n\nI sneezed.\n\nWhat's the big deal about a sneeze? Well let me tell you about my dog. \n\nShes a sweetheart but she's also a few sandwiches short of a picnic. \n\nSince I've had her whenever I sneeze she sprints to my aid. Jumps on me and licks my face, I think she likes to make sure I'm okay. Usually it's rather sweet.\n\n Today not so much. \n\nThe second I finish that sneeze I remembered I forgot to shut the bathroom door and nothing could stop the THUD THUD THUD THUD of a near fully grown 30kg german Shepherd sprinting up the stairs. \n\nI put my arms out and shout, \n\"POND NO!!\" \nBut she was already in mid flight into the bath to 'save' me.\n\nNow I like to run my baths very full and usually have my phone on the floor nearby with music on. (Last time I'm doing that. )\n\nThere's water everywhere. There is definitely NOT enough room for two in this bath. I was pretty sure my phone had just suffered a watery death.\n\nPond finally jumps out. Adds insult to injury by shaking yet more water everywhere and saunters off downstairs thinking she's done a great job. \n\nIm sat there in a bath full of dog hair looking like a drowned rat. \nNow I need a shower.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-434932", "score": 0.6815515756607056, "text": "I have a few customers (and actually myself) who have dogs that stink hours after the bath. I lather and rinse twice, and I know I get down to the skin well. I understand what they're saying since my dog stinks the minute he goes outside. Is there any product to help with this, or is this just normal?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2422407", "score": 0.6814270615577698, "text": "My 2 year old dog is very afraid of all types of water (except his drinking bowl of course). Any time we try to bring him to the groomers he will start panicking and barking aggressively. We also try to bathe him at home but it’s impossible because he will run to the other side of the house and huddle in a corner. \n\nDoes anyone have any recommendations for us?? I feel really bad for him, but he really needs a bath!", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-162087", "score": 0.6813822984695435, "text": "Going to the grooming shop is a very stimulating experience for a dog. They get social stimulation from being around other dogs and people that they have come to see as good friends. For many singleton pets this is the only time they will be around lots of other dogs and even if they are allowed no direct contact they still feel a great sense of camaraderie. Plus there's all the physical stimulation from the handling and massage-like feelings they get from their bath. Brushing causes increases blood flow to the skin which feels very good. Once they know the routine and how to behave they feel very confident and happy at being told how good they are over and over during the process. Then when they get home they are fussed over much more than usual, which in turn causes them to do things that garner even more attention like prancing or acting silly. All in all a visit to a quality grooming shop is a very good time for a dog. Source: Am Certified Master Groomer", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2014048", "score": 0.6797661781311035, "text": "A very large portion of animals feel refreshed and energized after being clean. Humans feel more relaxed and comforted.\n\nIs this due to chemicals in our brain, or something else?", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-65011", "score": 0.6790695786476135, "text": "This stems from puppyhood. When the dog was very young there was a thunderstorm and it was confused and scared. It's owners cuddled it and gave it treats to make it feel better, but they actually reinforced the puppy's belief that the weather was a terrible thing. As the dog grows up, it's fear is constantly reinforced by love, hugs, pets, and food. So as an adult dog if freaks out because it knows that is the right thing to do.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-46785", "score": 0.6766811609268188, "text": "It's submissive/excitement. Your dog is either nervous of you, or so excited they make themselves nervous. It's not unheard of, although I'd hesitate to say it's common.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1884906", "score": 0.6764630079269409, "text": "Guys, so last time I asked how to make my dog walk nicer (less pulling, lunging etc), you gave some great advice and the results are fantastic! Thank you! \nThis time, I need to ask: how do you get your dog to enjoy the showers? \nUnfortunately, when Hunter was a 2 week-old pup, the vet advised me not to wash him until he is much much older. Sadly, I listened to him, and now my dog is 1 year old and absolutely despises showers. I'm talking like \"OH DAMN I'M RUNNING OUT OF THE BATHTUB\" kind of behaviour. I've tried everything I can think of: showering with him to show him how fun it is! Lots of treats. Playing games. He's not having any of it. \nIs there a trick I'm missing? Am I doing something wrong? Please help me make shower-time a much happier experience for both of us!", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-164434", "score": 0.6761783957481384, "text": "I think the feel of \"excitement\" or \"stress\" is what causes it. It's known to happen to dogs, that is, some dogs immediately pee when greeting other people because of excitement or something like that.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2422002", "score": 0.6745644807815552, "text": "I’ve had my dog, loki, for 5 years now. A year ago he was diagnosed with kidney failure but he’s been doing better after he lost a TON of weight and went on a diet. Suddenly he starting barking after circling for a while. After going outside, he jumped in a circle and ran back inside. He won’t sit down now and keeps licking himself (mostly his arms?). He’s usually very passive and sleepy so this is completely unusual. He also threw up twice but that’s rather normal for him because he also has reflux but it’s been 3 times in a row.\n He’s super freaked out and we don’t know what’s wrong. He even looks overheated almost? But His twin sister is fine right now, but clearly worried about him. Does anyone know what could be wrong? He won’t even eat his favorite treat to calm down.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-168014", "score": 0.6740666031837463, "text": "Because dogs, like us, have bacteria and other stiff all over their body. It's the same reason places like our armpits can stink after a little while without cleaning. Dogs have a lot more hair and it's all over their body. So the hair traps all the bacteria. Well when a dog gets wet the water will start to evaporate and this process increases the volatile organic compounds in the air and therefore we smell the \"wet dog\" smell.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2490244", "score": 0.6735439896583557, "text": "Ever since my dog has mated, something has changed. He has started breathing heavily and licks his manhood all the time.\nHe doesn't want to stay in the house at all. He goes to the big window and randomly cries and shouts to go out. When we take him to the terrace, he is okay but then starts whimping the moment we enter the house again.\nHe also has developed this serious separation anxiety. The other day we went out for like half an hour and he destroyed half of the house.\n\nHas this or something similar ever happened to your dog?\nWhat can I do to make him feel better?\nAny home remedies that will help?\nAny advice that may help my poor baby feel okay again?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-133", "score": 0.7460771799087524, "text": "Warsaw was under Nazi rule. People didn't like that, especially the Jews living in the ghetto. People were purposely starved, killed in the streets. The Polish Underground State was formed - a resistance paramilitary which was made of several groups that wanted to liberate Poland (and save Jews). Some folks with radios learned that the Red Army was coming. And the Reds hate the Nazis. And the Polish Resistance thought \"Hey! If we fight the Nazis from within - and the Reds help out - we'll totally fuck the Nazi shit up!\" The Resistance started fighting - but the Red Army never came to help them. Those dudes camped outside the city. The Poles fought the Nazis for two months, much of the city was in ashes, and Churchill was all like \"HEY STALIN, COME HELP OUR POLISH ALLIES!\" and Stalin was kinda like, \"I don't want to risk my dudes quite yet..\" That's the Warsaw Uprising." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-230906", "score": 0.7005348205566406, "text": "In addition to /u/Imxset21's response, I'd like to add that the sheer brutality the Nazi's used to deter further resistance. For example, when Reinhard Heydrich was assassinated, every male over the age of 16 in the town of [Lidice](_URL_3_) were put to death and the rest of the inhabitants were sent to the Chelmo extermination camp. While in Poland, to deter resistance, the Nazi's would publicly execute 50-100 Poles for every German that was killed in various cities. When the Warsaw uprising took place, the Nazi's ended up killing ~150,000-200,000 individuals and sent another 60,000 to death camps. In response to the uprising: > \"The city must completely disappear from the surface of the earth and serve only as a transport station for the Wehrmacht. No stone can remain standing. Every building must be razed to its foundation.\" – SS chief Heinrich Himmler", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-488550", "score": 0.6727395057678223, "text": "I have seen quite a few pictures of German soldiers and officials surrendering to the Home Army during the Warsaw Uprising. I have seen a few references that up to 5000-6000 Germans surrendered to the Polish during the Uprising. How were they interned? Where were they interned? What happened to them when the Home Army surrendered to the Germans?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-224237", "score": 0.6643490195274353, "text": "Solidarnosc (Solidarity) was a Polish labor union led by Lech Walesa which protested against communism. It played a major role in the resistance against communism in Poland and it was known internationally. I would guess that is where it comes from. Edit: About Polish kingship. Polish kings were elected by their Nobles and they were not very powerful, which is why the Polish state was weak and eventually taken over by Austria, Russia and Prussia.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2773656", "score": 0.6642032861709595, "text": "Independende Day March in Warsaw****\n\nI can only find numbers from last year's.\nAnd, btw, if you know of some nice photo (like aerial view) where you can clearly see the thousands of people with torchs at night, please send me a link.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-228948", "score": 0.6602100729942322, "text": "Well. There was a failed revolution called the \"Spartacist Uprising\" in 1919. It was a serious threat to the new regime in Weimar and might well have succeeded if the government had no called in the right wing Freikorps (who attempted to seize power in 1920) to crush the uprising. However, I think that the coup was mostly confined to Berlin and was not given the chance to spread to other major industrial cities. The leaders of the coup, Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebnecht were both killed. Further, in the May 1924 Reichstag elections the Communist Party got 12.6% of the vote and 62 seats.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-972955", "score": 0.6473022103309631, "text": "So I want to make a Warsaw uprising mod, So a small focus tree and eventually a new general. I never did a mod before. How to start? Any tips?", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-751867", "score": 0.6449043154716492, "text": "*Please let me know if you have suggestions in the comments.*\n\n* 1953: East German Uprising\n* 1956: Hungarian Revolution\n* 1956: Mass protests in Poland\n* 1962: Novocherkassk Strike/Massacre\n* 1963: Moscow Protests by African Students\n* 1964: Moroccan Embassy in Moscow Sit-In\n* 1968: Prague Spring\n* 1968: Student protests in Poland against anti-semitism and for democratic socialism\n* 1968: Red Square Anti-War Protests\n* 1972: Lithuanian Protests/Kaunas' Spring\n* 1987: Phosphorite War in Estonia\n* 1988: Massive Strikes across Poland\n* 1994: El Maléconazo in Cuba\n* 2011: Wukan Land Defense in China", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-231525", "score": 0.6341570615768433, "text": "A combination of both. The Polish Sejm in the 18th Century was an extremly inefficient system as any member could veto any bill with just 1 vote. Essentially all it took was the Russians paying off a single member to create a destructive deadlock that allowed for the partitions. The Poles also did try to fight off the Russians in 1792 but failed due to the shear scale of the Russian Army that outmatched them in almost every single way. They tried again in the Kościuszko rising in 1794 which was put down. Then the most successful rising in 1807 created the Duchy of Warsaw which was basically a Napoleonic puppet state.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-487964", "score": 0.6279571652412415, "text": "On 17th September 1939 the Soviet Army invaded Poland. Just 20 days later Poland surrenders and was annexed by Russia and Germany. The soviet campaign of ethnic cleansing the followed was one of the worst atrocities of WW2 and burned into the Polish lineage, a memory of what they suffered at the hands of the Soviets and the Nazis.\n\n\nOn 6th May 2032 the Russian Federation invaded Poland. The anger of the Polish people cannot be understated; the betrayal and attempt to perform what they had once done almost 100 years ago incited fire and fury into the populace. Within the hour of Russia's invasion of Poland, the people took up their guns and weapons, and headed out to meet the Russian forces alongside the army. People flocked to army offices and town centres to enlist to help defend the motherland, while many simply accompanied the army into the front lines, armed with their own personal weapons. The news of the invasion and its vast scale and odds did not incite fear into the Polish, instead only anger and fury that their home was once again being trampled by Russian tanks, that their lives and freedom where once again being threatened.\n\nThe Polish will not surrender their land to Russia without a fight, every mile of land will cost the Russian army dearly, every home, every building in Poland will be the frontlines of the conflict. The people of Poland will not let history repeat itself, and if Russia is intent on taking it, they will have to fight every man, woman and child in Poland to get it. \n\nAs the Polish active forces respond to the invasion and head to the Eastern Front, the ragtag force of armed militia joins them along the way, men and women, armed with rifles, shotguns, pistols; everything that they own. Together they walk to fight the bear, and to show them that this time Poland will not surrender to their cruelty.\n\nAll stand for the glory of the Polish march.\n\n", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-922474", "score": 0.6253262758255005, "text": "The story basically goes like this;\n\nMy grandad was a soldier stationed in Krakow before the War. He was rushed to Warsaw to help defend the city, and participated in the following Siege. Afterward, he stayed hidden as a member of the Armia Krajowa (Home Army) before escaping the occupied country to neutral Sweden with some of his platoon mates. They join the Government in Exile and end up participating in the Battle of Monte Cassino. His group was tasked with clearing the defenses in a certain sector, which they did quite well. During the clearing of a pillbox, he got the drop on a German soldier. Apparently, the German was clutching a picture of either his mother or wife and crying, surrounded by his dead comrades. Now, even though my grandad had experienced some atrocities, especially at Warsaw, he has a big heart, and something about the situation made him feel sorry for the man. He was able to write in German (he learned that when he was in the Home Army), so he quickly wrote down directions to the nearest army outpost and instructions to surrender himself to the Allied forces. After he gave the soldier the note, he left the pillbox and told his fellow soldiers it had been cleared of hostiles. (technically, he wasn’t lying) Fast forward to ten-odd years afterward, and my grandad is working as a carpenter in Szczecin. The soldier survived the war, and returned to his home town (Stettin, renamed Szczecin), where he became a volunteer firefighter. While my grandad was working, the electric lights in the shop burnt out, starting a fire. My grandad didn’t notice, and was trapped when the roof collapsed onto him. When the firemen arrived, one of whom was the soldier, they began searching for anyone trapped. They were about to call it off, when the soldier decided to sift through one last time. He found my grandad, unconscious, in the rubble. He was taken to the hospital and recovered, and ended up becoming good friends with the man. My grandad ended up immigrating to the US and settled in Florida, where he married and had my mom, who had me.\n\nTl;dr\nA Polish soldier with compassion spares a German soldier who would end up pulling him out of a deadly fire.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-229409", "score": 0.6222235560417175, "text": "Just 20 years earlier, the 'corpse of Poland' was supposed to be the road to global revolution. The defeat of the Soviet army at Warsaw in 1920 was a major setback to international socialism. Also the territories Poland took in that war, while historically a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, were populated largely by what we would call today Belarusians and Ukrainians. These groups were seen as part of a greater russian ethnicity, who were vulnerable to German atrocities due to the failure of the Polish government to protect them. This supposed intervention was the official reason cited by the soviets, though I would add that the sentiment of Poland as a historical enemy of international socialism helped as well. Edit: after rereading your question, I would like to note that the molotov-ribbentrop pact was secret, and no 'justification of it was necessary. Apologies, I initially read your question as asking about the justification for invasion, not the pact itself.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2608638", "score": 0.6218752861022949, "text": "The rightful government of Poland, the Polish People’s Republic, has fought a long and drawn out war against supporters of the treasonous pre-1939 Government, known as the Government-in-exile. Despite most recognition for the government-in-exile being repealed around the end of the Second World War, Władysław Raczkiewicz’s and August Zaleski’s Government has acted as a figurehead for rebel movements within Poland, not helped that most still live in exile in London.\n\nThe Polish Government has therefore requested that the British government arrest these exiles and hand them over to Poland to be tried for treason and collusion against the true Polish government. A list is also supplied with names and known addresses of several of these criminals, though not every name is accompanied with an address. Refusal by the British government will be taken as a diplomatic insult and support for the illegitimate government-in-exile.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-230210", "score": 0.621812105178833, "text": "Well, Polish high command started partial hidden mobilisation yet in March 1939 (shortly after German occupation of Czechoslovakia). 4 infantry divisions and 1 cavalry brigade were mobilised yet in March. During August (13-18) yet another 9 divisions were mobilised. On August 23rd started hidden mobilisation of main Polish forces (all according to [mobilisation plan W](_URL_0_)). Thye've planned to announce open mobilisation on August 29th, but were persuaded by France and Britain to delay it till August 31st. Still by September 1st 60% of Polish troops were mobilised. So yeah, invasion was highly expected and anticipated.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-206767", "score": 0.6207327246665955, "text": "Followup question: How much did the British public know about the ongoing uprising? Were they fully aware of it or was it mostly kept out of the public's eye?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-212405", "score": 0.620324969291687, "text": "A good place to start is \"No Greater Ally: The untold story of Poland's forces in World War II\" by Kenneth Koskodan. It was a featured selection by the History Book Club and a paperback edition was published in 2011. I read the hard cover edition a few years ago, but do not remember how much of the book is devoted to the First Polish Armored Division specifically. However, it has a comprehensive bibliography and can point you in the right direction to learn more in-depth information about that unit. The book also explains how so many Polish soldiers ended up in Great Britain after the fall of Poland in 1939. It also has lots of personal narratives of the rank and file Polish soldiers that fought in WW II.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-489427", "score": 0.6189506649971008, "text": "I remember reading somewhere that while the russian civil war was still raging on, the bolsheviks attacked Poland mainly because it was in the way of bringing \"the revolution\" to Germany. Iirc, there was a quote stating something similar to: \"we shall bring the revolution over the corpse of Poland\".", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1189213", "score": 0.6185856461524963, "text": "Anonymous took down several Polish Government sites because of ACTA. One of the victims was - Polish parliament website.\n\nNow people from Poland started to organize manifestations in big Polish cities like Warsaw, Poznan, Cracow, Wroclaw, Gdansk. \n\nOther countries - join us for EU internet freedom!!!", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-206297", "score": 0.6180342435836792, "text": "Surprised no one mentioned the Wilmington Insurrection of 1898 in North Carolina. It's the only recognized [coup d'etat in US history](_URL_0_). After conservatives lost the local election, Whites in Wilmington took up arms and ousted the newly elected government. The government they put into place quickly set up new Jim Crow laws and disenfranchised more African-American voters. The coup had a powerful impact on the South East in general.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-218285", "score": 0.6145618557929993, "text": "The only examples that I can think of are in Serbia and in Occupied Belgium and France. In Serbia, bands of civilians and soldiers, called 'komitadjis', fought against the failed Austro-Hungarian invasion in 1914, and against the Central Powers occupation from Sept. 1915 onwards. Fighting bands like these had already formed in previous years, during the Balkan Wars, and some even earlier in the Bosnia Crisis. In Belgium and Occupied France, there were underground resistance groups that spied on the Germans and passed information to the British and French. They also helped to get Allied POWs back to friendly territory, either across the lines or via neutral Netherlands.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-214009", "score": 0.6144726872444153, "text": "The two wars can't be compared. Stalin didn't take over the USSR until the later 1920s, the attack on Poland was under Lenin, and in the context of a wider war and civil war. The Poland campaign was partly revenge for a western-sponsored Polish attack, and partly an attempt to export the revolution westwards. In Memoirs of a Revolutionary left-bolshevik Victor Serge reports Lenin saying \"We will be ripping up the Versailles Treaty with our bayonets\". The loss in Poland was seen as part of the birth pangs of the USSR and the Red Army, which was also winning in other theatres.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-134", "score": 0.6698027849197388, "text": "Because they have increased stroke volume. Their hearts are strengthened so that they are able to move more blood with each pump, so their hearts don't need to pump as many times." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-257399", "score": 0.6361467242240906, "text": "Photoplethysmography is a pretty common technology for these monitors. The SNR is quite low, in part because the meter moves around a lot, so they are more reliable when you're idle, and less so when you're exercising.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1009591", "score": 0.6361413598060608, "text": "When I started doing cardio a couple years back, I hit it with a vengeance. I was a figgin' sweat factory. I had beads of sweat rolling off of my face. It was great. Now I don't sweat at all. I barely get hot. It doesn't matter how quickly I'm breathing or rapid my pulse is. I tried chugging down a bottle of water mid-exercise yesterday, but no-go. Any tips, guys?\n\nEDIT: A couple people have told me to increase my intensity, but I'm frequently (ie usually) pushing my pulse into the 160-180BPM range.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-82818", "score": 0.6360951662063599, "text": "Because professional players have strict agreements in their contracts. One is to not break the the law, criminal prosecutions on a player undoubtably affect the team as a whole, through not being able to participate in the game, to public image (I.e. Merchandise sales). Professional players being tested for drugs is just a part of that. Many contract go even further like not being able to own a motorcycle because it's more dangerous. It's a lot of money at the top level, they don't want to invest that much in someone that is at risk of being sent to jail, or hurting themselves off field. If you accept millions of dollars to do anything, morality clauses and other such binding obligations are a part of that.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-75367", "score": 0.6360346674919128, "text": "Good question:) , but imagine if you were a bodybuilder. If you worked out, 24/7 like a maniac, would you be healthy? No. You would probably overwork yourself tremendously. Think about it like that! Since there aren't any breaks in being obese, their cardiovascular systems are constantly being overworked. Sorry if I did not explain this right, I am no expert! But this is just my take on it, thanks for taking your time to read my answer!!", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-191481", "score": 0.6359774470329285, "text": "* There are some studies that show that long term exercise slowly builds up the muscle of the heart. * Stronger heart muscles means more blood gets circulated per pump. * This means your heart doesn't have to pump *as hard* each time, resulting in lower blood pressure. * Also studies indicate that long term exercise causes the inside of your arteries to become smoother causing less friction when blood is pumped, again lowering blood pressure. & #x200B; The big thing here is very short term increase in blood pressure (during exercise) can lead to lower blood pressure the rest of the time which can likely lead you to live a longer and happier life.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-276758", "score": 0.6358657479286194, "text": "If you're asking why maxHR decreases with age, it's because: 1. The natural, resting rhythm of the heart (intrinsic pace) slows due to deficiencies in the heart's conduction system, and 1. You become less responsive to catecholamines. (hormones/neurontransmitters that signal your heart to beat faster. Source: _URL_2_", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2642206", "score": 0.6355963349342346, "text": "I notice sometimes I have shallow breathing from pectus. I feel like this causes my heart rate to be higher because I'm not getting enough oxygen maybe? But if I just chill out and force myself to take bigger controlled breathes and push my shoulders back I notice my pulse will drop. \n\n​\n\nWhen its higher it can be 80-90bpm, but if I do the bigger breathes, it will lower down to a more normal 65-75 range. \n\n​\n\nI feel like unless I mentally focus on taking \"normal\" in and out breathes, I have the shallow inhales, unless I am doing sometime active like sports or exercise that makes me breath deeper. Breathing deeper also makes me feel better too, but didn't know if I'm just overthinking this? Or any other pectus people know what I mean?", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-307225", "score": 0.6354899406433105, "text": "As I recall it has to do with the vagus nerve. This is a very strange nerve, and is responsible for people feeling faint at the sight of blood and things like that. Fainting in a stressful situation is called vasovagal syncope. It tends to be set off in stressful situations and the like. One test for a problem with that nerve is the tilt table. You lay on a table, and it is slowly tilted until you are vertical. In a certain segment of the population, this will actually cause their heart to stop because of how the vagus nerve is reacting to the tilt.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-255642", "score": 0.6352875828742981, "text": "When you exercise, lactic acid builds up in your muscles as a result of oxygen deprevation. If you exercise too much, the body has to flush away an excessive amount of lactic acid, which is done via extra oxygen. Since blood carries oxygen around the body, the heart rate increases passively to deal with the abnormal build up.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-502190", "score": 0.6347665786743164, "text": "I'm a runner who runs 11km (almost 7 miles I think) every day. I run at a 10k in 45 min pace, and at an incline of 4 on the treadmill. I have been doing this for the past few months (started off with 3k at a much slower speed). However, today I suddenly woke up with super sore and aching muscles and I was in poor form during my run. I could not finish the final 200m and collapsed briefly. It felt like my heart was in overdrive and my lungs just could not suck in air, no matter how hard I tried. \n\nWhat is the reason for this? This happens approximately once a month, but usually I finish my run before I collapse. I have recovered now but my chest still feels really tight. My runs are not too hard and I rarely feel exhaustion during runs, until the last 2km stretch. I'm quite puzzled and feel like a failure. Also, I'm not obese. 5'2 115 lb and I'm 16 years old.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-21878", "score": 0.634739339351654, "text": "I haven't seen an actual correct answer here so far. The cause of death is usually a lack of blood to the brain, because cold blood slows down the heart rate. That's because the chemical reactions in the heart that enable it to beat happen more slowly when the heart is cold.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-162276", "score": 0.6346935033798218, "text": "Probably just the caliber of people attempting it, rather than any major disadvantage on the treadmill. Pacing on a treadmill is easier, there's no wind resistance (although that means temperature can be an issue) and pro athletes should have no (real) difficulty keeping engaged for 2 hours. On the flip side, perhaps the running surface is not as optimal as tarmac? Supporting the idea that competitor ability is the predominant factor, the treadmill half marathon record is 1:03, versus 58 minutes on the road. The holder of the treadmill half marathon record ([a US olympic marathon trialist](_URL_0_)) is 'only' a 2:16 (road) marathon runner, versus the 2:02 world record. So, a guy who's 11% slower than world record at the marathon on the road is only 8% slower than the road half marathon record when running on a treadmill. Of course these aren't directly comparable abilities, but it should highlight that the time difference could be entirely explained just by running ability.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-159735", "score": 0.6344966292381287, "text": "An irregular heart beat is called arrhythmia. This happens when your heart does not beat at a steady rhythm. Heart rate is the number of beats per minute. You can have an irregular heartbeat at normal, high, or low heart rates. Therefore, no, using any substance that raises your heart rate is not necessarily going to cause arrhythmia.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-131910", "score": 0.634446382522583, "text": "It is. Having a heartbeat causes predictable fluctuations in blood pressure. When you check for a pulse, you're checking for fluctuations in blood pressure big enough that you can feel it with your fingers. Perhaps you meant to ask about some nuance of blood pressure?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1997271", "score": 0.63429856300354, "text": "I have had pretty obvious PE since I was born, but it's never caused me any real psychological problems, I don't feel insecure about it or anything. However, when it comes to doing sport or just exercise in general I have serious trouble with stamina, I always end up out of breath before anyone else. I have my PE more to the left hand side so closer to my heart (I don't know if it affects anything, just a thought) and when I get really exhausted you can see my chest physically pounding up and down with my heartbeat (don't know if this is normal or not). I feel like I am naturally pretty good at sport (athletics especially, although I do enjoy other basketball and stuff) but I feel like my PE might be having an affect on my ability for it. Then again, I might just be very unfit which is why I can't keep up, I really don't know. Can anyone shed any light on the situation/has anyone had similar experiences to me? Imgur]( [Imgur]( [Imgur", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-148621", "score": 0.6341732144355774, "text": "peoples blood pressure is lower when they first wake up. this makes them more sensitive to the cold.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2233718", "score": 0.6341727375984192, "text": "From time to time I read about people who got fit and lowered their blood pressure into normal levels. However my issue is that I don't want my bp to go lower since I'm already in borderline levels a lot of the time. I'm often around the 80/60 range.\n\nI've been doing C25K (starting week 6 tomorrow) and some exercises on a mat at home on my off days, so possibly not even enough exercise to make a difference, but it's something I'm slightly concerned about.\n\nSo I'm just wondering if any other sufferers of low bp around here can give some insight on this issue?\n\nFor what it's worth I mentioned the issue to my family doc and I'm having bloodwork and an EKG in the next couple weeks, so I'm not coming to you instead of getting actual medical advice.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1883385", "score": 0.6341537237167358, "text": "16M\n112lbs\n5'6\"\nBlack\n\nI noticed while comparing with classmates I have a higher BPM than them even thought I am much more physically active and fit (I play competitive soccer), everyone got around 70-75 and I got 86. Later when I went home to ask my dad he brought out the blood pressure machine and I got 122/80. On some websites it said I was at risk for high blood pressure in the future and it does run in the family. Both paternal grandparents and my dad are on medication for their high blood pressure. Am I at risk and if so is there anything I could to to prevent this?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-235891", "score": 0.6341455578804016, "text": "I read some popular science article about this a long time ago. Even if the general/average quality of athletes doesn't improve, over time the record performance will asymptotically approach some theoretical maximum performance. So, in this scenario, records will continue to be broken, just by smaller and smaller margins. EDIT: Just googled, and this article discusses my point: _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-187469", "score": 0.6341364979743958, "text": "Yea, since more mass has to be supplied. Otherwise you'd need a faster circulation system, thinner bloodstreams, and that'd also mean a higher average pulse, which would cause heart issues aside the other likely ones that already exist when you are overweight.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-137", "score": 0.7334198355674744, "text": "so essentially making money from letting requires a large amount of time and/or starting capital?" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1359658", "score": 0.6954759955406189, "text": "Hello!\n\nJust thought I'd ask a simply question!\nI'm a fairly new landlord, and I've decided against going with a property management company to help boost my overall profit. With tax season coming into play, how do you write off the amount of time it takes talking/dealing with tenants, time that isn't necessarily spent performing maintenance and manual labor? \n\nOr did you find that spending money on a property management company helped when writing off expenses for your property?\n\nSorry if my question isn't clear enough! let me know if/where I can clarify!\n\nThanks!", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-118928", "score": 0.6950487494468689, "text": "Depends on house price vs rental potential as to how easily you can make money. We started by simply not selling our old house when we bought a new one. We maintained two mortgages instead and rented one property. We then slowly built up enough funds for further properties until we had five total. We have since scaled back to three but our own home is now entirely debt free. I would say that house rental is not as profitable as renting a flat/apartment. Our original house rental yielded virtually no profit. Flats on the other hand are fantastic. Also easier to maintain. Biggest profit though is in appreciation of property price - so choose your location carefully.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2408180", "score": 0.6950353384017944, "text": "I’m renting a place with power included in my rent. The place is a bit more than I was hoping to pay, so I’m wondering if there’s any way I can make money while taking advantage of the unlimited power.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1137691", "score": 0.6947742104530334, "text": "I see it all the time on property websites: 3 bedroom houses going for 500 p/m rent. Why not rent out each room for 300 p/m and make a couple of hundred more a month?\n\nIs there a reason that people do this?", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-91446", "score": 0.6924476027488708, "text": "Opportunity cost. When a landlord leases an apartment to a tenant, it means that they lose the opportunity to lease it to someone else. If the market is bad enough, then a landlord will probably reduce their rent. However, if the market is good, then a landlord knows that he can wait maybe a month and lease it to someone else for full price, and probably make more money than if he gave it to you now for a hundred bucks off a month. Plus, as long as there's no one in the apartment, the landlord has more options as far as what to do with it. Maybe he wants to paint it, add new carpet, bring his mistress back to it, or any other number of things he couldn't do if you were living there.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1136735", "score": 0.6906710267066956, "text": "As a landlord, I'm shocked at some of the responses I get to my ads. Tell me about yourself. I've invested hundreds of thousands in my property and I want to find good tenants. I want to know if you're able to pay the rent and that you are responsible. The decision rests with ME to rent to YOU, not so much the other way around. Many people aren't getting that. They need to. Make me want to rent to you.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-147403", "score": 0.6882826685905457, "text": "They aren't. Your rent is being increased to keep up with inflation, and rental prices in your market. Any new tenet will be paying a comparable amount to you.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1232194", "score": 0.6882799863815308, "text": "When I was a renter earlier in life I always hated landlords. I felt like they got my money for doing nothing.\n\nNow that I'm a landlord my perpsective has changed, obviously. But I still feel mildly guilty some days when I collect rent checks for properties that I haven't visited in months. (Ironically, it's the good tenants who make me feel guilty, because they are the ones who pay on time and cause no problems, hence why I rarely go to their units. The problem tenants remind me that landlords work hard for their money in many cases.)\n\nFor what it's worth I tend to be pretty liberal ideologically. I wish there were less wealth inequality, and I generally am in favor of generous social programs, even if some people take advantage of them. At the end of the day I'd rather have some of my tax money spent to pay for food and housing for people who are irresponsible than leave them homeless and starving in a rich society.\n\nI also feel that I've been unusually successful economically without really doing anything in particular to deserve it. I'm not even middle-aged and own several houses in cash (not to mention hundreds of thousands in financial assets) but I have no special talents, and I don't think I work harder than the average person. So I feel guilty in that sense collecting money from my tenants, many of whom work much longer hours than me, at jobs that are more stressful, yet still live paycheck-to-paycheck.\n\nSo I guess that is the source of my ethical dilemma: The tension between my liberal, social-levelling tendencies on the one hand, and the sense that I am taking financial advantage of people by being a landlord on the other.\n\nAgain, I don't mean to imply I think I'm a total leech as a landlord; it's definitely a lot of work sometimes, and I also think that part of the reason I \"deserve\" to be a landlord is that I'm financially responsible and can maintain houses for my tenants, many of whom could never afford emergency repairs if they were paying themselves. Still, overall I think being a landlord earns me more money than I deserve based on how much work it is.\n\nAnyone else ever have these thoughts? They're not stopping me from being a landlord, but I'm curious how others think about this stuff.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1360350", "score": 0.6874154210090637, "text": "How do they generate profit? It's not like prisoners are paying rent or anything.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-184512", "score": 0.6871991753578186, "text": "Basically you own a proportion of the house, often one half, and a housing association or developer owns the rest. Since you are buying only one half of the house you buy it for one half of the value and pay rent on the other half (again one half of the rent you would pay otherwise). Usually you have the option to buy the remainder of the house if your finances improve.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-145011", "score": 0.6865912079811096, "text": "That's a really broad question. The gist of it is you use your money to buy something you hope will increase in value. For example, I have a rental house. I invested in it, or bought it with a down payment. I have tenants in it. The hope is that I will make more money in their rent payments than I will have to pay in taxes, mortgage, and upkeep of the house. You can also invest in real estate where you buy a property in the hopes that you can turn around and sell it for more money than you put into it. You can also invest in the stock market. That is where you buy shares of a company. Those shares are small pieces of a company. So if a company has 100 shares (companies release a lot more shares, but 100 keeps it simple) and you buy 2 shares, you now own 2% of that company. If that company does well and increases in value, the value of your shares go up as well. There are lots of other ways to invest, but those of some of the basics.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1135536", "score": 0.6864925622940063, "text": "I'm doing something wrong because I think this should be more profitable; these are assumptions but they should scale to real properties:\n\nPrice: $500,000 \n6% rate, 25-year mortgage, 20% down payment of $100,000\n\nMonthly: \nrent (tenants cover utilities): $5,500 (beats 1% rule) \nmortgage (based on above): $2,538 \nvacancy (1 month of 12): $500 \nproperty tax (1% of price annually): $417 \nexpenses (6% maintenance + 6% cap ex): $720 \ninsurance: $400 \nutilities (covered by rent): $0 \nproperty management (1 month): $500 \n\nmeans a measly cash flow of $425/month, a cash-on-cash return of 4.0% (4.25% excluding closing costs and some padding for unexpected renovations)\n\nEdit: Took out utilities to make it simpler, earlier I had rent at $6,000 and one utility at $500, now I just made the rent $5,500 and the utilities $0.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-76689", "score": 0.6857894659042358, "text": "Most people who are extremely wealthy don't make their money from a salary... they make it through appreciation in asset value (stock, real estate, etc), and selling those assets for more than they paid, or making money from them such as rent on real estate, dividends from stock, interest on bonds, etc.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-751967", "score": 0.6857556700706482, "text": "I've heard it said that landlords are basically \"rent seeking\" because they don't really *do* anything but own property and use the income from that property to pay people to manage it.\n\nThat in essence they're living off the margins of the property.\n\nIs this a view you hold and do you think it's unethical or a valid complaint of private land ownership / capitalism?\n\nIf so:\n\n* How does owning property and renting it compare with owning say a tool or machine you rent out?\n\n* Doesn't the assumption of risk provide value to society? ~~Not having to own or maintain the property is why people rent.~~ Renters can move locally or leave the region entirely without having to find a buyer and they have to pay very minimal maintenance costs while they rent.\n\n* How would your preferred method of government solve the issue?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1358635", "score": 0.6848980784416199, "text": "I'm looking to open an additional cafe. I'm finding rents to be too high, to the point I can't figure out how much revenue some landlords are expecting tenants to be able to pull in to cover rent.\n\nHow willing would you \\(as a landlord\\) be to accept rent as a % of revenue? I'm thinking to start proposing partnerships where landlord receives of the higher of 10\\-12% of revenue or a lower predetermined fixed minimum. \\(instead of traditional fixed monthly payments\\)", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-190729", "score": 0.6848370432853699, "text": "Many ways. The traditional method is lending money to people or companies (to buy a house, build a factory, or whatever). And earning money on interests. These days thats only part of their business, as they also trade stocks and other financial products.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-384057", "score": 0.6841877698898315, "text": "Example: I pay $900 in rent. I get an increase of 1% in salary the next year. My landlord cannot increase my rent beyond $909 the next year. Landlords can hike rent when the tenant moves out if needed (like if a tenant stays for a long time).", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1359950", "score": 0.6832937598228455, "text": "So I live in a city, and am about to rent a condo/apartment. When I look on craigslist/zillow, a lot of these realtors are advertising the places.\n\nI understand if you use a realtor to sell the home, they charge a percentage for advertising the home and for helping with closing/contracts etc. \n\nBut where does the money come into play on a rental? I have only ever seen application fees/background checks, lease agreeements, and security deposits being charged by the property managers/landlords. Are these realtors getting a portion of my monthly rent?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1138334", "score": 0.6823108792304993, "text": "I'm doing some research for a company called PadPiper, which helps landlords find vetted tenants. One of the goals is to understand what landlords go through throughout the renting process. What part of the processes take the most time? What do you wish could be easier? Any comments you give about you processes are super helpful!", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-48438", "score": 0.6815774440765381, "text": "The payment methods you've identified require the user (e.g., Archstone) to pay fees, which cut into the collected rent. Usually, large apartment management companies accept ACH bank transfers from residents for the rent but this may require you to set up an automatic debit with your leasing office. Your bank may also allow you to use a \"bill pay\" account feature to automatically issue checks from your account to certain payees every month (the bank mails the checks). At my bank, this feature is free.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-138", "score": 0.777479350566864, "text": "Just because it's \"widescreen\" doesn't mean that it's the same exact aspect ratio as your TV. A movie with black bars on the top and bottom was filmed in an aspect ration that's even wider than your widescreen TV. Look [here](_URL_1_). Most widescreen TV's are 16:9 (the third from the bottom on that page), and many movies are filmed in 2.39:1 (the one on the very bottom). Clearly, you cannot shrink the bottom one to fit on a 16:9 screen without having bars at the top and bottom with no picture. Well, you can if you can tolerate a distorted, squished picture. Another option is to use [Pan and Scan](_URL_0_), which gets rid of the black bars at the expense of cutting off the sides of the picture." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1902751", "score": 0.7357362508773804, "text": "I get these black spots when playing widescreen:\n\n\n\n\nI have to play at 16:9, 800x600 and low-medium quality to not get this.\n\nedit: It worked. Latest Nvidia driver to the rescue.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1584541", "score": 0.7354769110679626, "text": "I accidentally did something and now I can't watch a show in full screen without a black bar only under, not above and below, the video. What did I do and how do I fix it?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-689798", "score": 0.7349025011062622, "text": "This seems to happen on older or less-popular DVDs even though the image is 16:9 or similar aspect ratio, and while I can use certain programs with certain settings to zoom it properly when converting from iso (uncompressed) to compressed format, I'd rather simply have them rip without the rectangle box if possible.\n\nIs this possible? I use DVDShrink on Windows 7 to rip uncompressed, which seems like a great archive tool but it doesn't seem to be able to fix/zoom the rectangle problem (which I'm assuming is from the original video being formatted for 4:3 screens).", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-126836", "score": 0.7303854823112488, "text": "1080p is the resolution. The black bars are all about aspect ratio. The screen size ratio of a cinema screen is different from your tv/monitor. To avoid warping the image, they need to add the black bars in order to achieve that same ration on your screen.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-177372", "score": 0.7298875451087952, "text": "Most widespread format of monitors/screens at present is 16:9, if I'm correct, so most videos are made to look best on them as in this way that will appeal more people with less effort. But people who watch such videos on screens with other dimensions, e.g. 16:10, 4:3, etc. would see black bars due to their screens having bigger hight then video.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-830490", "score": 0.7289541363716125, "text": "A few times, when I pirate a movie or tv show, the bottom of it looks stretched? No matter what application I play it through it has that stretched but? Does anyone know what I’m talking about and know how to fix it?\n\n\n", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-689647", "score": 0.7266639471054077, "text": "So I'm new to video editing when it comes to making DVDs. Basically, I recorded a keynote speaker presentation for a conference in 960x540 (didn't realize this until after the fact). In Premiere I was able to put my sequence together just fine matching the raw footage, and it looks nice and crisp digitally on youtube. However, when it comes to burning this onto a DVD, things just aren't going my way.\n\nI've exported from Premiere using the MPEG-2 DVD settings using maximum quality render and 2-VBR pass. The transcoded footage looks good still, so I drop the video and audio files into Encore on a new timeline, make sure my aspect ratio is 16:9, check the build, and then burn it to a disc.\n\nAnd that's where I'm lost. Once it's burnt, I pop it into the office DVD drive, hooked to a widescreen LCD TV, and the result is always stretched out, with black bars on the top and bottom of the footage and doesn't fill the whole screen. I even burned a disc in 4:3 to try on my home CRT, and a good piece of the left side of the video is cut off, and there are still black bars on the top and bottom. \n\nI apologize for the long post, but I've looked through several tutorials, followed their instructions, and still no luck. Hoping /r/videoediting can save my sanity.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-139380", "score": 0.7263794541358948, "text": "I think that happens because the theater screen is wider than most tv/computer screens, hence having horizontal stripes above and below in order to fit the whole film on every screen, but I might just be wrong as well EDIT: I don't think anybody mentioned so: for TV broadcasting, films are usually rendered under certain settings which make them playable without cropping or shrinking in almost every TV depending on region (have a quick read on, for instance, PAL rendering, which explains the usage of various aspect ratios (as already mentioned the 4:3 or 16:9) as well as safe-margins, footage cropping and other details!", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2048496", "score": 0.7242212891578674, "text": "I've tried so many different things \n-unchecking minimize aspect ratio\n-NTSC DV widescreen setting\n-1280 width, 720 height\n\nPlease help! Thanks guys!", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2048919", "score": 0.7239890098571777, "text": "Is there a way to stop Radarr from constantly downloading movies that play with bars on all 4 sides of the movie? I'd love to be able to watch them in actual fullscreen.\n\nEdit: using Plex, but some movies work fine and have no borders, others have all 4 borders. I'm aware non-21:9 movies will have borders, but they should never be on more than 2 sides.\n\n2nd edit: I've fixed it in the past by downloading different copies until one works. I'm fairly confident that it's not my player, but I could be wrong.\n\n3rd edit: I'm pretty sure we figured it out. It does seem to be that the video file was encoded WITH the black bars as part of the video file. This screenshot should confirm it: All thanks go to /u/coltonrb with the answer here: ", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2517262", "score": 0.72315514087677, "text": "Hello,\n\nSorry for the noob question. I haven't watched a DVD in over 10 years, but I am about to purchase a series that was never released on Blu-ray or HD streaming, only DVD. I have a choice between the PAL version and the NTSC version.\n\nNow, I know the main difference is the resolution. NTSC is 720x480 and PAL is 720x576. There's also a difference in frame rate, but that doesn't matter for me. I am also not constrained by regional locking or anything like that.\n\nOn first thought, PAL has a slightly higher resolution, so it's probably a bit better, right? But it also has a different aspect ratio. It's more \"full screen\" and NTSC is more \"widescreen\".\n\nI'm guessing for movies this doesn't matter since they are at most 16:9 in which case both NTSC and PAL will be letterboxed to about 720x400. But what I'm buying is a TV show from the 80s and it's framed in 4:3 (1.33:1) or \"full screen\". No widescreen version. So then, for that aspect ratio you would have to pillarbox 720x480, but 720x576 would fit. In reality, I'm sure both fill the full resolution, so no black bars or pillars anywhere. In which case, one must be cropped, i.e. one must show a little more than the other. So... which is it? PAL?\n\nIs it fair to say that for \"full-screen\" content with no black bars or pillarboxes built into the picture, PAL will give you more actual picture (not more detail but more actual frame) than NTSC? \n\nSorry for the long post, I am obviously confused. If there is a better subreddit for this question, please let me know.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2048019", "score": 0.7214550971984863, "text": "I have been a Plex user and lover for many years, never had too many issues until now. I have started a library for 3D movie and multiple videos play as having two sets of black bars which makes it unwatchable on my TV. Is there a way to stop Plex from automatically adding on black bars? If not, what is the easiest way to remove the first set of black bars from the original without taking away from quality. Thank You!\n\nHere is info on the file I was trying to play\n\n* Video Resolution 4K\n* Duration 1:31:48\n* Bitrate 15693 kbps\n* Width 3840\n* Height 1080\n* Aspect Ratio 2.35\n* Container MKV\n* Video Frame Rate 24p\n* Video Profile high\n\nEDIT:Here is an example of a 1080p movie\n\nI have searched around numerous forums looking for an answer to this, so any help would be greatly appreciated.\n\nHere it is on Plex: \n\nHere it is on VLC: \n\nEdit: Here is a 1080p 3D Movie that displays just fine in Plex for comparison\n\n3D displayed properly: ", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-4694", "score": 0.7202657461166382, "text": "In the DVD menus the DVD players have to move back to the starting point to re-read the video, and so there is a gap where it is moving the disk. sorry about my last comment i didn't quite understand what you were asking.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1901160", "score": 0.7197083234786987, "text": "there are black bars around the my TV making what i am viewing much smaller. how do i make these bars go away?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-84937", "score": 0.7183529138565063, "text": "If you are referring to Watching a Movie on your TV is all about aspect ratio. \"Aspect ratio\" is the ratio of the width of a rectangle to its height. The ratio of your TV depends on its Size. The Black Boxes are often added so that instead of stretching or cropping the picture and distorting it, they add the bars. Movies are shot in various Aspect Ratios that are much larger than that of TV shows (mainly becasue of where they are designed to be seen, Living room vs Movie Theater).", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2049037", "score": 0.7175921201705933, "text": "So when I play a game in full screen I get these black bars on each side they don't cut into the game, they just squeeze it into a smaller resolution. The games are completely playable but I would like to have full use of my screen. I had the same problem on windows.\n\nI am using Lubuntu 18.04 if that helps.\n\nThanks in advance for any help.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2748786", "score": 0.7169985771179199, "text": "I click on the play dvd logo and the video will cut to black and the audio will cut out as well. TV screen just says \"detecting...\" endlessly unless I turn tv off or switch to different source and switch back. Help me!", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2050121", "score": 0.7162883281707764, "text": "Why are we still not able to change the resolution and get rid of those black bars no matter what screen you use? Is it impossible to fix? Only few movies use the whole screen and its so annoying that I bought a 700 euro screen and I can still only use half of my screen to watch most movies.\n\nWhy how they not fixed or came up with a solution yet? Im pretty ignorant about things like this so maybe there is a easy explanation to this.\n\nEdit: Its a 1440p pc monitor not TV screen.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-251726", "score": 0.71616131067276, "text": "The problem with your question is that the entire picture doesn't remain. When you watch a wide format film that's been formatted for 4:3, stuff is being cut off on the sides. They also do some adjustment and shifting so important elements are on screen, I stead of just cutting out the middle for the 4:3. If you take an old 4:3 film and set the output of the player to wide screen, it looks stretched because it is stretched. The video playing only has the 4:3 information available, so it stretches that to fill the screen. If you watch the same movie in a wide format version on the wide TV , everything would look normal, and you would see more of the image on the scene that wasn't there in the 4:3 version of the movie.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2049423", "score": 0.7161014080047607, "text": "For example, I have John Carpenter's \"Someone's Watching Me\" 1978 on BluRay and it offers you the choice of widescreen or full screen. \n\nThe full screen version contains more of the image at the top and the bottom, but the widescreen version contains a little more of the image at the left and the right. \n\nI can't decide which way to watch it and the indecision is driving me insane...", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-139", "score": 0.7260584831237793, "text": "When you make an outbound call, the calling system gives the phone system the caller ID information. The reason this can be (legitimately) different from the actual call is for example a business that has both direct lines to each extension and a main line. An employee calling out would show up with the main line as their caller ID so that if the person calls back they get the main number (this way you’re not giving out the direct number unless you needed to). The spammers take advantage of this system to spoof a number in the caller ID. The phone company could counter this by comparing the caller ID info with a number you legitimately own, but they get a lot of money for all these spam calls and they’re not incentivized enough to change how they do things." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-349079", "score": 0.6889055371284485, "text": "**Sorry if this is the wrong sub. I got a call yesterday from my own voicemail. I just recently updated my phone and was thinking maybe this was some new feature. I answered it and it was an obvious scam from a robo-voice saying she was from Microsoft and needed to change my IP address. I hung up immediately, but now they won't stop calling. How do I stop it? I can't just block and report my own number. Are there any good spam blocking apps that would even work for this? It should be noted that I actually researched this question earlier and saw where people were having the same issue. After a while, they were locked out of all of their accounts (email, computers, etc...) and calls were being made internationally from their numbers.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-348089", "score": 0.6885328888893127, "text": "I get spam calls a lot, and wouldn't mind them being too confused (or shocked!) to call back. Anyone who should know my number would probably know it was me, anyhow. I don't want to have my actual name in the message. I was thinking maybe some sort of corporate-style recording, but I'm sure there are other great ideas out there.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-509846", "score": 0.6859000325202942, "text": "I get a lot of scam calls, and sometimes I try to waste their time if possible. I just received a call from New Jersey, USA phone number, and the guy on the other line (Indian or Middle Eastern accent) warned that there is malware on my computer. Eventually he told me he wanted me to press CTRL + R. At this point, I told him to stop calling me, not going to fall for it, wasting his time blah blah blah and he hung up. \n\nHad I fallen for it, what would this guy most likely be trying to do? \nHe knew my name, what can I do to keep others like him from having the same info? \nHow can I continue to fuck with him? I think it was a personal phone number, are there people out there I can give his number to that would harass him? If anyone wants the phone number, PM me and I will gladly give it out. \n\nEdit: my phone auto corrected new Jersey to jew jersey...", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-349000", "score": 0.6847468018531799, "text": "My phone number is 647-988, and I keep getting spam calls with the same numbers. 647-998-6720, 5409, etc. I only get spam calls from numbers like that, usually about 3-4 a day. \n\nAm I alone?", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1452889", "score": 0.6839109063148499, "text": "Can I pursue someone who used this program to call me (this program provides fake numbers to any country in the world). I have no idea how to start pursuing him. Could I identify the internet that he used to communicate? Or place? Or device IME .. anything?\n\nI can get help from telecommunications companies, Internet and information police if you have any idea", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-347014", "score": 0.6834601759910583, "text": "I get a lot of spam callers on my phone. Caller ID says they're from the US, various places like Lake Placid, Miami, usually cities. They always have the same automated message, just different numbers every time. \"Hello! You have been qualified for a payday loan of our gold level! This means you are eligible for up to 13 hundred 50 dollars!\" Generally it'll say after \"press 5 to be removed from our list\" and the second I get it it goes \"goodbye.\" And hangs up.\n\nChanging my number would mean I have to give my number to hundreds of people again, and I want to use as a last option.\n\nI know there probably isn't another option aside from a number change, but hey, I can dream right?\n\n(I am in the US, by the way)", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-509596", "score": 0.6811238527297974, "text": "Hey friends - I've been receiving harassing phone calls for the past week. The voice on the other end sounds out of breath and is asking very weird, uncomfortable, & sexual questions about a recent breakup of mine. \n\nI need YOUR help.\n\nAll of the calls were blocked. After the 3rd call last Tuesday, I downloaded TrapCall - which revealed the number to me last night when I was called again. \n\nI have some questions: \n\nThere are services that allow you to make a call and produce a fake number on the receivers caller ID (PrankDial, etc.) - is there anyway for them to produce a fake number AND block their number? \n\nAssuming TrapCall revealed the correct number of the phone it came from, what should my next steps be to ID the caller?\n\nI have an address, a name, and an additional phone number. \n\nMy goal is to out the coward that continues to call me and possibly take legal action. I want closure.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-91779", "score": 0.6807855367660522, "text": "SWATTERs typically spoof the location/number that they are calling from. This makes it a little more difficult for law enforcement to determine who placed the call.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-348968", "score": 0.6806791424751282, "text": "I get so many spam calls every day (5 yesterday and 7 today). I've tried every robocall blocking app (I have android) and none of them have worked and the calls still go through. I have my phone number registered with the Do Not Call registry, but obviously that doesn't help.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-348681", "score": 0.6802486181259155, "text": "I'm rusty on PBX stuff, but I think its fairly easy to spoof numbers for robocall campaigns.. \n\n\nTrouble is someone just used my number for that and my phone is blowing up now. \n\n\nTurned it off. Might not turn it back on.. been wanting to go off the grid anyways.. \n\n\nMy question is, is there anything that can be done to prevent your number from being used in this manner, or are we just at the mercy of pos humans & thier tech scam reprocussions?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-348483", "score": 0.6777864098548889, "text": "So I've had this phone number for 3 years (prepaid) that I recieve spam messages with the previous owner's name saying her car warranty is out of date, packages need to be picked up, etc. \n\n\nRecently as of last week they started appearing with MY name. I've never signed up for any service using my phone number (other than putting it on forms at doctor's offices quite recently). How did they find this out?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1944985", "score": 0.6774089932441711, "text": "So I've been receiving an influx of obvious scam text messages the past few weeks, and was wondering how did my number get to these \"people\", where could I have possibly used it that would have leaked it, and what I can do to not receive these messages if I want to change my number in the future? \n\nA bit of (maybe) useful information: To my knowledge I've only used my phone number when finishing online orders or purchases, which I assumed were secure since my order was done through amazon, or well know brand websites like nike, or new era, etc, websites.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-347435", "score": 0.6771621108055115, "text": "I kept getting a call from a number that has been showing up a lot lately as a missed call. Normally I'd just block it, but I was curious because I started getting other calls in nearby area codes, I assume the same people, and wanted to know what happens when you call one of those numbers back. \n\nSo I called, and almost immediately I get \"hello\" and says my first name (note: I don't have a common name).\n\nI hung up, called back and got the same thing. Different voice. \"Hello? Spaghatta111 are you there?\" Hung up, called again. \"Spaghatta111, how are you?\" Called again. \"Hello spaghatta.\" A tad creepy\n\nFinally I asked what they wanted, they were some united health blah blah blah, prices just went down and they want to send me some free promotion whatever, and to confirm my address\n\nThey stated an address, which was my previous address. \n\nI said, that's not my address but I need you not to call again.\n\n\"Oh I don't know where this call came from ma'am.\"\n\nBut I just called and *you* said my name.\n\n\"Okay ma'am have a great day.\"\n\nCan someone actually do anything with just my name and previous address, and phone number?", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-185539", "score": 0.6769614815711975, "text": "Phone numbers are not unique to people, they are easily changed if desired and can't be used to clearly identify who placed a call (only who is currently registered to a number, assuming fake information wasn't used). Managing a system to identify and block spam/scam/etc would take more time and resources than the current system and wouldn't add enough benefit to increase profit margins, so there's no incentive for this to be done. Spoofing is a method that exploits how phone technology works that tricks companies into misidentifying callers.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-347593", "score": 0.6759413480758667, "text": "Anyone else getting a lot of scam calls lately? I have scam blocking on already, but they're still coming through. \n\nThey either come through as \"scam likely\" or share the first 6 digits of my cell number, which is a definite fake...", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1452966", "score": 0.6750169992446899, "text": "I recently got a call from someone that prompted me to a robot about what the title said. Curious because I never signed up for one, I played along and got to an operator. I told him that I did not own one. I can't remember what he said next but I think it included, \"you have one now.\" He hung up and I decided to call back and talked to someone else that had no clue what was going on and informed them that their phone number is being spoofed for these type of scams.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-88989", "score": 0.674505889415741, "text": "Someone could be call forewarding OR using a caller ID mask that just so happened to be your number", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-63354", "score": 0.6740449666976929, "text": "They 'spoofed' the number that shows up on your caller ID, so the status of the number didn't actually change in the minute between the call and your attempt to call them back. They just made it appear that the call was from a number that happened to be disconnected. Often, you'll call back and it will be some poor guy in DeMoines, Iowa, who just happens to own the number a scammer spoofed. _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2809060", "score": 0.6737388372421265, "text": "Many spam calls have the purpose of making you subscribe offers or that kind of things. If they discover you are a minor they won't be interested anymore in calling you.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1744612", "score": 0.67088383436203, "text": "I'm being harassed by someone who keeps using different numbers since August. They give a name but it's obviously fake every time. How can I get this to stop? Harasser blur ", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-140", "score": 0.6129051446914673, "text": "This is just one example. More grazing animals means less vegetation for other animals to use as a home or shelter from prey. They also took vegetation away from the river banks causing more erosion. (The roots held the soil in place) The reintroduction of wolves stopped that and kept the grazing animal population in check, allowing the vegetation to grow back." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2629375", "score": 0.5819191932678223, "text": "Hi there,\n\nI am planning to visit Yellowstone NP next week October 11-17 but the weather forecasts shows that it is raining/snowing on Oct 11 & 14. Will the park be closed due to weather conditions?\n\nShould I postpone the trip a week to October 18-24 since the weather forecast appears to be a little warmer.\n\nHow accurate are these weather forecasts?\n\nThank you very much for your input and advice!", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-583083", "score": 0.5818848013877869, "text": "So apparently the glaciers have been melting at a rapid pace which will cause the sea levels to rise causing erosion and flooding in coastal areas. Then hurricane season is on its way, include the Santa Ana winds bringing fires to the West Coast and on top of that an influx of a new wave of imported insects which will destroy crops. Yellowstone is just a matter of time till it blows triggering a cataclysmic event which will tear the continent into pieces. It's not going to be an easy ride. How do you prep for that?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-154084", "score": 0.5815610289573669, "text": "We don't really know. The theory I've heard is a combination of people taming them and the wolves taming themselves. People would have been throwing out their trash/food scraps and making a mess like people do. The wolves would have been hanging around on the perimeter and eating leftovers. The wolves that were more tame would have been less scared and able to get closer and find extra food that the more wild/aggressive wolves couldn't or wouldn't have been allowed to get to. Over time and with the easier access to food, the more tame wolves would pass on their genes. While more aggressive wolves were killed by people or driven away. At some point people realized there was an advantage to having the wolves around. The more tame wolves would defend their food supply and drive away other predators, thus inadvertently protecting the people. And at some point people got directly involved in choosing which wolves to mate.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1423446", "score": 0.581423282623291, "text": "I'm used to wolves going for my dropped lures. However, I have been noticing since the last update a change in the behavior.\n\nAt my fishing hut, I have about 5000 fish lying on the ground in various states of cooked/decay. I have noticed that if I am too close to this pile of rotting beast flesh, the wolf will ignore my lures and keep growling and closing in on me, with the intent of attacking me.\n\nHas anyone else noted this change in behavior?", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-120675", "score": 0.5812716484069824, "text": "No. It's not happening any time soon. No reason to worry about something that won't happen for a long time. Yellowstone displays no signs of a future eruption and it will be thousands of years between starting to display signs and actually doing it. The most recent supereruption was six hundred and thirty thousand years ago.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-581927", "score": 0.5811253786087036, "text": "There's currently two major events (off the top of my head) that will fuck us up badly.\n\n1) The eruption of Yellowstone\n\n2) The shifting of the magnetic poles. IIRC we're overdue on that and it will likely lead to a completely power shutdown.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-309320", "score": 0.580868661403656, "text": "Believe it or not, the BBC docufilm Supervolcano is not far off if the biggest eruption from Yellowstone actually occurs. It was done in conjunction with the USGS, Yellowstone National Park, and the University of Utah to make it as accurate of a film as they could.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-551331", "score": 0.579886794090271, "text": "Does storing meat outside your home base attract wolves? I'm currently living in Milton, and I swear ive killed 6 wolves in 2 days", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2360256", "score": 0.5792062282562256, "text": "With massive animal die offs happening each month. Large mammals and bird species with large ranges.\n\nAre there any good scientific studies and projections of the impacts on the biosphere?\n\nAnd as the top predator in the food chain, when will it start to affect our food supply?", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1945764", "score": 0.5785859227180481, "text": "Over the summer. I completed the Half Dome Hike in Yosemite. It's the most popular thing to do in Yosemite.\n\nIs there anything like that at Yellowstone? I'll be there this summer.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-291926", "score": 0.5782984495162964, "text": "Depends on a range of factors. How much of the magma chamber erupts? Much of it is crystallised, and the molten portion is likely contained within several discrete regions. How evolved is the magma? This leads on to control the nature of eruption. Yellowstone has a history of not only laurge ultraplinian supereruptions, but also much smaller scoriaceous and even lava dome building activity. What's the weather like? Local and regional weather can have a very strong controlling effect on how volcanic products disperse.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2429605", "score": 0.5774364471435547, "text": "Let’s just say things got out of hand at owanjila lake and there are animals corpses everywhere and one fisherman who got eaten by a wolf.\n\nBeen trying to get a 3 star beaver to spawn.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1916812", "score": 0.5768187642097473, "text": "Multiple times I've been hunting gray wolves in the burnt forest (yukon map), and when I shoot one, the rest come to attack. So after that I just kind of take shots when I can, but not matter where they are, sometimes they don't even hit anything, they just go through the flesh, and they still always seem to die.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-108635", "score": 0.5762280225753784, "text": "When animals go extinct, it can severely alter ecosystems. When ecosystems get altered, that can have negative side-effects for the people living there. Seeing as you cannot predict beforehand if a certain species going extinct will have a negative effect, and if the negative effect occurs how best to get rid of it, it is better to prevent it happening in the first place. For example, wolves went extinct in many parts of the USA. When they went extinct, deer populations were no longer controlled by a top predator and started breeding out of control. This not only was negative for the deer, but also negative for farmers living in the area (they were losing crops to the deer) and negative for the fauna (trees getting stripped by starving deers) which in turn has its own effects etc etc.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-930300", "score": 0.5761788487434387, "text": "Planning on driving through Yellowstone in two days but kind of worried about the weather/road conditions/hills. Anyone done the drive through not ideal conditions wish to share their experiences?", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1580338", "score": 0.5758644938468933, "text": "A Kansas based group is sueing Wisconsin to kill their wolves. Why is a private club based in Kansas allowed to sue the Wisconsin DNR to force a hunt that wont be taking place in Kansas?", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2627913", "score": 0.5758620500564575, "text": "I'm looking at spending the first week of May in Yellowstone, after running the Spartan Race in Montana May 1 (I am aware of how long a drive it is from Bigfork to Yellowstone, but it looks like first week of May is probably still a bit early for Glacier). This will be my first early season trip to Yellowstone, can I get some recommendations for road biking, hikes, and fly fishing? Difficulty is not a concern. So far for road rides, I'm looking at the ride between West Yellowstone and Madison Junction, and \"The Block,\" out of West Yellowstone, past Henry's Lake, up and around Hebgen Lake, and back down to West Yellowstone. Any tips would be appreciated.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-260244", "score": 0.5752986073493958, "text": "I think one of the biggest impacts would be the alteration of water flow. I don't think you could successfully build a wall down the middle of the Rio Grande river, which is the border, so the wall would have to be on the north side of that river, denying access to that water to all the animals north of the river. This would probably drive all the larger animals farther north in search of water and would flat out kill lots of them. For permanent waterways that flow across the border, you're going to have to either divert them or create some sort of grate system. If you divert them, again, you're denying water resources to something. In arid regions like this, there are a lot of ephemeral waterways that are dry 99% of the time, and full flood the other 1%. Altering these waterways would change the distribution of soil, sand and organic matter that is carried by these waterways.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2285541", "score": 0.5748491883277893, "text": "Can someone explain to me what is happening to my wolves? I built 2 pens made out of 4x2 stone walls. Ive captured and sucessfully tamed a normal wolf in 1 pen. In the other pen Ive been attempting to get a 2 star. I had a 2 star that was at 50% tamed and then I portalled away and back and it was gone. I then captured a 1 star wolf and fed it. After seeing it eat I walked away to mine some silver, walked back a few minutes later and the wolf is gone. \n\nIm assuming they are despawning? How do I stop this?\n\nI should add that this is before the 2/17 update, Ive been without internet for a few days since the ice storm.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2628912", "score": 0.5741679668426514, "text": "Hi Reddit\nMy boyfriend and I are going to be going on a seven day trip road trip from September 8-15. We will be starting in Seattle but don't know if we should go to Glacier NP or Yellowstone NP...neither of us have been to either so we are torn as to which one to make our destination. Does one have a more scenic drive than the other? We will most likely be camping the whole time so that is another thing to consider. Any ideas or suggestions would be much help! Thanks!!", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-141", "score": 0.8100175261497498, "text": "\"President\" is a term that is often based on the law of the place where the company is created. For example in the United States, most states require that a corporation have a person with the title President. That title carries with it some legal obligations that tie the individual to the actions of the company. Most jurisdictions don't define or require anyone to hold the title \"Chief Executive Officer\". Depending on the size of the entity, the President and the CEO may be the same person. Large entities may be comprised of several smaller companies, each with a legally required \"President\", who may report to the CEO at the top of the organizational structure. Some companies may separate the two titles for internal organizational reasons, for historical reasons, or because someone thinks it's clever. It is rare for a company to have a CEO who reports to a President. CEO has become the de facto title for \"the highest level of the executive ladder\", but that's arbitrary and fashion could change." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-139743", "score": 0.7663432359695435, "text": "The CEO is the head **employee** of a company, but they are still an employee. They are hired and fired by the Board of Directors who represent the ownership of the company(shareholders). In some cases(Facebook) the CEO is also a major shareholder that controls the Board of Directors, but this is usually not the case.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-76281", "score": 0.7560004591941833, "text": "Commonly the Chief Officers (CEO, CFO, COO, CTO) report to the shareholders. This is done within a group called the Board of Directors. The top person in these meetings is called the Chairman of the Board they are often the largest shareholder of the company. The title President just means the highest position within a company or department. If a company has no shareholders than this is often the highest title many companies will have.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-134526", "score": 0.750076174736023, "text": "CEO's are in charge of management of the company. They choose which direction the company should go and make the big operational and financial decisions. The CFO (Chief Financial Officer) and COO (Chief Operating Officer) report directly to the CEO and act as advisers. The CEO reports to the Board of Directors, and depending on the company the CEO either has a lot of leeway or just follows the Board's orders.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-178284", "score": 0.746112048625946, "text": "For the same reason the head coach of a football team is more famous than the offensive coordinator or trainer. The CEO is at the top of the organizational chart and the person seen calling the shots in public. More often than not they are also the public face of the organizations leadership.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-122370", "score": 0.7420644164085388, "text": "What a CEO does day to day can depend a great deal on the company but the general analogy is that they are the captain of the ship. While they might not be pulling ropes or even steering they are the ones plotting the course of the vessel and choosing its direction. A good CEO steers a company or product where it needs to go, using the employees at the main resource to do so.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-71644", "score": 0.7278885841369629, "text": "The Board of Directors. The CEO runs the company, but it is the Board of Directors that hold large stakes in the company (and decide its ultimate course of action). If they are unhappy with the CEO they can move to fire them.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-94855", "score": 0.7195563912391663, "text": "The ownership of the company(Shareholders) elect a group of people to the Board of Directors to oversee the company. The Board of Directors is led by the Chairman. This group then hires the Executives of the company(CEO, CFO, CIO, President etc) who oversee the day to day operation of the company, and report back to the Board quarterly. The CEO is the head employee of the entire company. The President is typically number two in command.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-26218", "score": 0.7195502519607544, "text": "Ok, in the strict legal sense the only two of these terms that exist (this of course depends on where exactly you live) is the CEO and whoever owns the company. COO, CFO and the like all have roles, but these roles essentially come down to whatever the business wants them to be. The CEO is the highest ranking person responsible for the management of the company, and so the person in charge of the business. With large businesses, the management and the ownership are often separate. The owner is whoever collects the profit of the business (be it the owner, partners or shareholders). The CEO is generally speaking salaried and so is not paid through profit, although they often have at least part-ownership in the business", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-174665", "score": 0.7154580950737, "text": "It completely depends on the company. Chairman typically refers to someone who represents the interests of the board/investors but doesn't oversee the day to day operation or manage the company. The CEO is the head of the company and only answers to the board. Their chief role is to make decisions about long and short term strategy across the company. This is why they're paid so highly, they have the highest impact. CFO overseas the flow of money. Thing of it as accountant in chief. The actual role depends heavily on the business. COO depends on the company and the person who fills the role. There are other executives too, but it depends on the business and the industry. Every company is run differently, the titles don't mean a whole lot. You need to look at what individuals in the business actually do.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-186706", "score": 0.7047528028488159, "text": "The CEO works for the Board of Directors. The Board is appointed by shareholders. The shareholders own the company. If the CEO is not the majority shareholder of the company, the board can tell them what to do. If the CEO is a majority shareholder in a company and steps down, it's probably because they realize their value comes from share prices, and if those are going down, they may want a new CEO to come in to raise them (making the old CEO more wealthy)", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-156233", "score": 0.7024558186531067, "text": "Much like the job of any CEO. You're not going to get bogged down doing jobs yourself. You're in charge of overall direction, planning, and decisions like hiring high level personnel, and delegating to various departments. Most of your days will be spent in meetings, staying informed of projects, budget, etc. and listening to proposals for future projects. The only real difference is a CEO wants to maximize returns for shareholders, while for a Mayor, shareholders are residents, and \"returns\" tend to be quality of life and other similar measurements.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-145379", "score": 0.6881320476531982, "text": "A CEO's career path could be getting an MBA then moving up within a company or even starting a company themselves. To be President the expectation is to work within the system for a lot longer, working local politics then moving up to state and then federal. It could take 20 years alone to do that considering term limits. And then there's the age minimums with office. You can be a CEO in your 20s but have to be at least 35 to be President. There aren't many age limits for some political posts, there have been young mayors before. But these age minimums mean a later starting point in the career as well combined with length of terms means older Presidents.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-74963", "score": 0.6860599517822266, "text": "Every company is differently and there are no fixed rules. However, it's quite likely that there's one president. Working for him will be several VPs, and each of the VPs has responsibility for a specific area (such as sales and marketing), whereas he takes overall responsibility for everything.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-95057", "score": 0.6837223172187805, "text": "The shareholders are the owners of the company. The CEO of the company is the manager of the company, he doesn't own it (OK in most cases he may also be a shareholder, but usually not a majority shareholder). So how do the shareholders tell the CEO what to do? The way it works is through the company's Board of Directors. The shareholders elect the directors on the Board. The Board has the power to fire the CEO or hire a new one. So if the shareholders don't like the way the company is being run, they tell the board of directors to fire the CEO. If the board doesn't do it, they elect a new board.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-184343", "score": 0.6779786348342896, "text": "Great minds think alike. I've sailed far and returned ta port with this booty. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: The difference between Chairman, President, and CEO. ](_URL_3_) ^(_5 comments_) 1. [ELI5 The differences between the C.E.O., C.O.O, the President and the owner of a company. ](_URL_6_) ^(_10 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Difference between CEO, Presiden, CFO, CTO, etc (their responsibilities, more than definition of titles) ](_URL_0_) ^(_7 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What are the roles & responsibilities of different executives (CEO, CFO, COO, President, VPs, etc.) in a company? ](_URL_5_) ^(_1 comment_) 1. [ELI5: What's the difference between a CEO and a president of a company? ](_URL_4_) ^(_7 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What's the difference between CEO and president/chairman of a company? ](_URL_1_) ^(_6 comments_) 1. [ELI5: What's the difference between a company's CEO, MD, Chairman and President? ](_URL_2_) ^(_8 comments_)", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-112595", "score": 0.6743801236152649, "text": "CEOs are selected from the board of directors. If the CEO died the board would select a new CEO, but in the meantime someone (possibly the CFO in many companies) might be put in as an interim-CEO.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-85649", "score": 0.674308717250824, "text": "- The Board of Directors is elected by the shareholders. They are in charge of key strategic decisions for the company - The Chairman of the Board is \"in charge\" of the board of directors. He will often lead BoD meetings and have more direct interaction with the company day to day - The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is hired by the board of directors and actually runs the day to day operations of the company for the board - Other \"C-level\" jobs (CFO, COO, CIO, CMO, etc) are hired by and report to the CEO. They run individual divisions of the company (finance, operations, IT, marketing, etc). - SEO is search engine optimization - its not part of a corporate hierarchy", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-97953", "score": 0.6734794974327087, "text": "1) CEOs spend a lot of time working, so they need to be compensated. They are held responsible for the company, so 24/7 they are on the hook and often answer calls in the middle of the night, skip weddings and kid's soccer games, and don't have meaningful time off. 2) There are only so many experienced CEOs. There are millions you could hire to fry chicken at KFC, but only a handful of individuals who have experience running multinational corporations that employee tens of thousands of people. A small pool means more negotiating power for those in it.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-164165", "score": 0.6692856550216675, "text": "A CEO needs to know business and how to make it more efficient. They dont really need to know the details of the industry as much as long as they have good people below them that they can use as experts on the matter.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-143260", "score": 0.6669870615005493, "text": "I assume you mean in corporations? Executives are the top bosses. In large corporations their main day-to-day work is to glue things together. You finalize big agreements, oversee various business areas to ensure they are working well, a lot of strategy work (where's the future of the company), deal with final decisions on business investments etc, do a lot of pep-talks in-house, do a lot of external presentations to build PR, deal with shareholders, governments and other external stakeholders.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-142", "score": 0.7142104506492615, "text": "The phenomenon of being more easily amused falls under Emotional Lability which means emotional changeability or instability. You're probably more likely to cry too. In extreme cases, this is a medical condition, see _URL_0_ but in regular life, it's just that the parts of your brain which keep you on an even keel aren't working quite so well." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-116060", "score": 0.6783407330513, "text": "A part of your brain's hypothalamus is a cluster of cells known as the circadian pacemaker. This little regulator controls your body's wakefulness and drowsiness - your circadian rhythm. When you oversleep or sleep irregularly, you confuse the little guy, resulting in a phenomenon called sleep hangover or sleep drunkenness. Edit: Actually I think the more specific answer to your question is that your body requires REM sleep (dreaming), and when you miss out on that dreaming you carry a deficit that won't go away until you make up for it. This is called REM rebound: missing out on sleep tonight means you will actually dream more than usual tomorrow. Since your brain will be spending more time dreaming, it'll spend less time on the just-as-necessary deep sleep phase. Hence, you're more drowsy in the morning and throughout the day, until you get back on rhythm.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-242082", "score": 0.6783401966094971, "text": "No one completely knows, but the leading theories are: * Your body, out of glucose, has just switched over to using fats and proteins for energy * Endorphins kick in, giving you a high that makes you less hampered by the discomfort of exhaustion * It's purely psychological", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-729043", "score": 0.677975058555603, "text": "I couldn’t fall asleep for the life of my last night, and I was EXHAUSTED! I started getting nauseous at the end of it. I notice this happens every time I’m really tired. What’s the reasoning behind it ??", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-54388", "score": 0.6779070496559143, "text": "When you're laughing hard, you're scrunching up your face a lot from using your smile muscles extra hard. This puts physical pressure on the tear ducts located right by the inner corner of your eye, which causes them to squeeze out some tears", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-130931", "score": 0.6775406002998352, "text": "This is just a guess from working with voice for a little while. But when you're laughing that's more air that's escaping your throat than normal and tilting your head back would open up your throat to let it out.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-41005", "score": 0.6775210499763489, "text": "A lot of people use laughter as a defense mechanism when they're uncomfortable or in pain (physically or mentally)", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-801612", "score": 0.6774666905403137, "text": "My friends know me as a tired man, I always yawn and moan about tiredness, me being tired defines me as a person... at least it used to, because I am not fucking tired anymore, it literally happened overnight, I woke up and just the next day I was suddenly not tired anymore, I swear to god!!!! I am not yawning, no tireness moans, it's all gone, I feel empty as a human. I need to set up cameras next time CERN sneaks into my room and removes my tiredness section.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-35376", "score": 0.6774314641952515, "text": "It's only funny in small doses. If someone falls over then gets back up unharmed, then it shows a moment of vulnerability that can be interpreted as funny. If someone falls over, cracks their skull, then starts going into a seizure on the other hand, then it's not as funny.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2642606", "score": 0.6771715879440308, "text": "Today, I'm so exhausted, I can't even walk DOWN two flights of stairs. What are your most ridiculously absurd moments pain/exhaustion when you can't do anything but just laugh?", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-113890", "score": 0.6770433187484741, "text": "An Eli5 was like this before, Essentially you have less control over your emotions the more sleep deprived you are.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-48090", "score": 0.6763154864311218, "text": "I've never noticed that when laughing very hard. Are you sure that this happens to a lot of people?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-166005", "score": 0.6759836673736572, "text": "It's probably like being drunk. Our rational \"filter\" side is turned off, we get disinhibited. We can't concentrate or think very clearly. Mildly amusing things become hilarious, mildly difficult things become sources of profound frustration which we get angry at (and angry at ourselves).", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1899261", "score": 0.675821840763092, "text": "I'll get so tired that it almost doesn't feel real. Like I need to lay down or I'll just pass out.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-141131", "score": 0.6756873726844788, "text": "It all has to do with your REM (deep, restful sleep) sleep cycles. If you wake up in the middle of a Rem cycle, you will be tired and groggy. If you wake up between cycles you feel rested. Disclaimer: I wrote this whilst on the toilet, so I don't have any sources but I think this is generally correct", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-18401", "score": 0.6749700903892517, "text": "Mood and sleep are linked. When you are overly tired, you lose some abilities to regulate your emotions, so you feel more emotional extremes than usual. At the same time, sleep deprivation causes the same kind of impairment as alcohol intoxication. So you subjective understanding of what you are experiencing isn't necessarily as accurate as if you were not sleep deprived (or drunk).", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2481931", "score": 0.6748045086860657, "text": "I was watching some of The Onions YouTube videos a couple hours ago and laughing at everything, even things that weren't funny, and i couldn't stop and i just felt so good for that moment. But since about an hour ago i felt really shit and sad for no reason and just now that I've been lying in bed i remembered stuff like this has happened b4.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-116639", "score": 0.6742770075798035, "text": "I remember an explanation of this before. Really it's hard to determine exactly the cause. But if I remember right it had to do with the fact the thought of you doing those things make you happy. At night you think about them knowing you won't actually have to do them right that second. When it comes to the time to actually doing whatever it was you planned on doing it you realize it's not that fun and takes some work. But really it could be a bazillion different things and humans are weird. Maybe you're a night person?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-189319", "score": 0.6739507913589478, "text": "Because your sleep schedule is fucked, bro. You're forcing yourself to stay awake, and the body eventually tries to accommodate that, but the fact remains that you need sleep. It's possible to desperately need sleep and \"feel wide awake\" at the same time.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-838219", "score": 0.6737608313560486, "text": "Also in other news, alternating between ugly crying and laughing uncontrollably is...weird. I should be asleep but I just need to tell SOMEBODY!", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-126071", "score": 0.6735478639602661, "text": "It's a surprise to you. Picture yourself reacting to someone grabbing you by the neck while you are at home, relaxing, and thinking you're safe, versus being hyper-alert in a bad alley. You will probably jump in surprise/horror much more when you were not expecting it to happen. If you've spent an hour in the library studying for some dreary test and then you hop on the internet and find something funny, to your brain that is a surprise humor attack in the middle of serious learning, and it reacts much more \"violently\". If you have spent the last hour browsing reddit, your mindset is that \"I'm reading funny stuff now\", and you won't be surprised as easily, making it harder to lose control and lol (laugh out loud, literally)!", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-143", "score": 0.7525942325592041, "text": "Plaque isn't just one bactera it is what is known as a biofilm. Layers and layers of diferent bactera and their extracellular matrixs. Pretty much any bactera can eventually form biofilms. Everyone has bactera on and in their bodies called their natural flora. Your natural flora bactera grow into the plaque on your teeth." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-240230", "score": 0.7141848206520081, "text": "The other link does a good job explaining it. I'd like to add two things: 1. You can survive a certain amount of bacteria in your bloodstream as long as your immune system is intact (You have white blood cells there, too). 2. You get transient bacteremia (temporary bacteria in your blood) when you brush your teeth. I just thought that was neat.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-95783", "score": 0.7138583660125732, "text": "The short answer is that they do, and it can get so bad that it actually threatens the life of the animal (because they won't eat or it gets infected/starts spreading). _URL_0_ The long answer is that we eat a considerably different sort of diet than most animals do, and we don't break down sugars or starches as well as the animals whose diet consists mainly of those things. We need to get in and physically remove plaque build up more often. Even carnivorous creatures sometimes need a good teeth cleaning/dentist visit in order to stay healthy, and there are veterinarians in zoos and preserves all over the world who specialize in animal oral health.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-171106", "score": 0.7118573784828186, "text": "The plaque, or bacteria, make acid when they eat sugars left over from not brushing and it eats away your flesh and tooth enamel.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2500290", "score": 0.7087578773498535, "text": "Can the build up of plaque, or if there is a precursor to plaque, be reversed by changing to a healthy diet? I've always had the idea that as you eat unhealthily plaque builds up and over years \"solidifies\". Is this how it works? Are young people immune to arterial problems in this sense, only later in life reaping what they sow?", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-71708", "score": 0.7069492936134338, "text": "Bacteria are able to reproduce very quickly when you give them food and put them in a humid environment. Just like how milk goes bad if you leave it out. It becomes difficult to deal with because the bacteria will just form bio mats all over, creating those white areas on your tongue once there are enough of them. brushing your teeth keeps them from reachig that critical point.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-192926", "score": 0.7054345607757568, "text": "Plaque is a thin layer of bacteria eating the sugars in your mouth. It is linked to diet generally. More sugar = more plaque. I think mouthwash just kills the bacteria. I don't think it washes away plaque. Maybe it does idk. If you brush/floss often enough and don't eat too much sugar, you'll be fine. If not, that plaque hardens and turns into tartar, which is the leading cause of tooth decay and other dental issues. Doubt humans are the only ones who get it, but who knows. I'm sure someone can clarify any details I missed because obviously I kept it pretty simple, and I have a shallow understanding of it. Edit: animals definitely get plaque, may be composed of different bacteria though.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-80205", "score": 0.7052707076072693, "text": "Basically bacteria loves the sugar that's found in the foods we eat. Pieces of food and debris get stuck in our teeth when we eat, making our mouths an all you can eat buffet for bacteria. This results in bad breath and if left untreated, the bacteria can start to eat away at the teeth themselves causing tooth decay.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-76996", "score": 0.7042216658592224, "text": "people in intensive care dont brush their teeth often, So they can get bad bacteria in their gums that can trickle into their lungs and then start reproducing there, causing phnemonia. thats what I got outta that anyway", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-310285", "score": 0.7035890817642212, "text": "Plaque is a biofilm of bacteria and extracellular matrix. Biofilms are characteristically harder to kill, as it confers a survival advantage on the bacteria within it. You need a physical force to remove the adhesion of the plaque to your teeth, like brushing or scraping. Before you go to bed, instead of brushing first, use a mouthwash and see how much plaque that gets off. Keep in mind mouthwash is 20%-25% ethanol, as well as a lot of other \"physical killers\" (it just rips up bacterial cell walls). While it may remove some of the plaque, it will never remove enough to make your teeth feel clean. It can *prevent* the build up of plaque, but only once you've physically removed the biofilm.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-293810", "score": 0.7016956210136414, "text": "Our immune system stops them from invading deeper into the body by providing physical barriers, secreting antibodies (IgA) into the gut and sensing and fighting ones that get too invasive. For instance while it was previously thought that bacteria being in the blood was a rare and deadly event, it is actually quite common. Studies have shown that bacteria can circulate briefly in the blood after a bowel movement (~10% of the time) or after brushing or flossing your teeth. Your body fights all these invaders off.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-41508", "score": 0.7012121677398682, "text": "Bacteria eats sugar and poops acid into your mouth which burns your teeth. Brush and floss and see a dentist.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-169549", "score": 0.6984792947769165, "text": "During the day, our mouths are constantly producing saliva which, to some extent, neutralises plaque. However, whilst we are asleep, we stop producing so much saliva which gives bacteria an ideal opportunity to feed on the plaque, giving us bad breath in the morning. That is also the reason we need to brush before we go to bed and when we get up even though we haven't eaten during the night.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-291844", "score": 0.6982011795043945, "text": "Dental plaque is a biofilm of bacteria, not a buildup of food particles, and as such the color depends on the type of bacteria not the type of food. From what I understand, dental issues are generally a result of the high amount of carbohydrates (i.e. sugars) that we consume. Therefore I would assume that plaque is caused by a certain set of bacteria, regardless of what kinds of food you had been eating, and the biofilm produced by said bacteria, just happens to be white. Now my major is chemistry so take this with a grain of salt as I am drawing from a very limited knowledge base with regards to biology.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-70835", "score": 0.6971747875213623, "text": "Bacteria normally exist all over your skin, as well as all through your digestive tract, without causing problems. An problematic infection happens when one or more of these bacteria make it into a wound on you skin, and start to multiply inside. They can also get into your blood stream, causing septicemia.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-150800", "score": 0.6963375210762024, "text": "There are lots of different causes and you will need to check with a doctor to get the specifics for yours and what can prevent them. For some it is the fact that they bite their cheeks and lips when eating or sleeping. Eating slowly and carefully can help prevent it, as can wearing a retainer. For some what they eat is causing it. This could be getting small cuts from eating hard or sharp things. This could also be that you are eating things that are too spicy, acidic, or that you are mildly allergic to. So with these changing what you eat can prevent them. Still others get them from bacterial infections or viral infections. Some of these can be prevented with proper oral hygiene, others have to be treated with antibiotics, and some once you get the virus you have it forever and just have to tough out the outbreaks.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-262327", "score": 0.6954996585845947, "text": "To sum up the last few decades of research, what was found was a certain group of *Streptococci* called *Streptococcus viridians* could be cultured from the valves and myocardium of patients with endocarditis, which is an infection of the interior surface and valves of the heart. Interestingly enough, these were identical to some of the *Streptococci* that live in the mouth and cause gingival disease. Further evidence suggests that patients who have gingivitis have higher than baseline risk for endocarditis. So the thinking is that *S. viridians* introduced into systemic circulation by increased permeability of inflamed tissue in the gums during gingivitis allows for higher than baseline probability for the bacteria to seed into the system. Coupled with people who may have valvular disease or artificial valves (which provides an excellent place for the *S. viridians* to colonize and form \"vegetations\"), the new guidelines are pointing towards oral health as a way to maintain cardiac health.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-56313", "score": 0.695369303226471, "text": "Sugar itself isn't the problem, the bacteria in your mouth feed off the sugar, and release acid as a byproduct, which, over time, breaks down the enamel of your teeth. The plaque in your mouth is colonies of these bacteria, and should be removed by brushing and flossing.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1664543", "score": 0.6939210891723633, "text": "i’m speaking on behalf of someone else but\n\nthis person tends to get an excessive amount of plaque buildup especially on their top and bottom incisors. She has built in retainers, has great oral health (flosses regularly, brushes twice daily), has a few fills, a crown (that’s broken), in her late forties, goes to get her teeth cleaned every few months, eats normally (doesn’t really eat sugary foods like candy or chocolate), does not smoke, occasionally has a drink, has had this problem for a while and seeking advice.\n\nSo if you know why this is happening or how to prevent it please let me know! thankyou", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-25594", "score": 0.6936166882514954, "text": "The bacteria in your mouth are like junkyard dogs. They are there because they are good at breaking down things that are coming into your body, but they are also aggressive and not well-trained. They'll stop someone from stealing stuff from you, but they might also bite your friend they've never met before. Also, there are other bacteria in your body that are even worse. The stuff that lives in your intestines is like a pack of wolves. As long as they're contained in your guts, they are great at breaking down almost anything that comes through. If they ever get out, though, they'll try to eat everything they come across.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-34591", "score": 0.6934837698936462, "text": "There is, it is called mutualism. Our intestines are lined with millions of bacteria, they help us break down our food and make it easier to digest. Oral flora can, for some people, prevent cavities or plaque buildup. There are many other bacterium and parasites that can benefit us. If you're at the store, take a look at the \"probiotics\" section. _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-144", "score": 0.6867972612380981, "text": "Companies that have to choose between Airbus or Boeing still consist of people (who can be manipulated through commercials), and they can sadly often do so with bias even though they're supposed to run the numbers and make an informed decision." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-65212", "score": 0.6524068117141724, "text": "Those ads are not for industries but for products, and like all ads they're meant to increase marketshare over competing products. The difference is just that in these cases, the competition is at the raw material level e.g. cotton vs. synthetic fabrics. Cotton producers are trying to convince end users to prefer cotton clothes, so that clothes manufacturers will have to buy more cotton to satisfy consumer demand. The producers don't care which clothes maker they sell to, so the ads are for the generic product rather than a specific brand.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-134075", "score": 0.6523504853248596, "text": "Because there's no point other than \"because we can\". Its *expensive* to develop something like that. Without a driving influence, for example Bill Gates says \"I'll give $1,000,000,000 to the company that beats that record\", there is just no incentive.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-144577", "score": 0.6523492932319641, "text": "Because people will pay it. That's why anything costs what it does. People have been convinced diamonds are valuable, so they choose to pay thousands of dollars. What's the company going to do? Not get the most for their product that they can?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-23452", "score": 0.6523188948631287, "text": "It's usually just a promotion. Give away a small bit of product for free in hopes of gaining future business. Many companies invest millions on marketing already, so they just portion off some of the money already invested in billboard ads or commercials and use it to ship a limited amount of free samples to potential customers.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-162366", "score": 0.6522431969642639, "text": "Why do we HAVE to do this? Companies should be prevented from doing illegal acts. Though, I wouldn't be surprised if there is a line item in the User Agreement.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-145746", "score": 0.6521843075752258, "text": "Majority of their viewers don't watch past midnight so they would be losing money broadcasting to a small audience so instead they have informercials pay them (the cable network) to advertise their junk. I know it seems like a bad marketing strategy but the infomercial's target audience seem to be the drunk, the elderly, and the stupid.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2358053", "score": 0.652071475982666, "text": "Generally, I find excessive advertising to be a turn-off because it seems like it places a higher importance on marketing than on reducing costs and improving service. Although, one could argue that dominating sales will eventually lead to lower costs. Thoughts?", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1667737", "score": 0.651918888092041, "text": "Feel free to swing by and say hello, they are preparing to film a commercial.\n\nMaybe buy something along the way...^No? ^^^Ok", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-41443", "score": 0.6517079472541809, "text": "There are a lot of regulations about supersonic travel over populated areas -- namely, it's not allowed except in some very specific (and mostly military) locations -- so you'll never see a supersonic flight from LA to DC. Even though Concorde was more or less profitable over it's total history (and this is debatable, depending on how you feel about subsidies and accounting), it wasn't so profitable that airlines are itching to develop/buy another one. It's a lot of money to sink into something for a minimal to modest return -- especially when fewer people have extra money to spend on plane tickets than they did in the 80s and 90s.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-52184", "score": 0.6516786217689514, "text": "Reporters can. Commercials and entertainment shows can't without licensing it.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-48488", "score": 0.6514936089515686, "text": "It helps sell the brand. It's a image. If you change it up people aren't going to know what it is. And people who drive those cars want people to know what they driving.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-4555", "score": 0.6514706015586853, "text": "My father is a safety officer with the civil air patrol. He holds monthly safety meetings where they discuss the recent accidents and crashes(there are more than you might think) and how they could have been avoided. There was recently a crash that killed a man and his wife at our local airport, and just yesterday a plane nose dived into a neighborhood near here. Companies that employ pilots have their own safety programs and meetings. Private pilots learn about these things at their own discretion.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2356633", "score": 0.6511553525924683, "text": "The thing that some don't realize is that RT is a buisiness and they need to make money to survive and continue to make great content. I have no issue Witt their use of product placement because they need to make money on order to survive as a company. Now if it starts to interfere with their content then I'll change my mind, but for now it's not something I really care about", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-127968", "score": 0.6510335206985474, "text": "1. Not everybody fast forwards through the ads. 2. Some shows have advertising embedded into them, as advertisers pay for product placement. 3. It costs extra money for that one commercial right at the end of the show or right before the show, because people who fast forward might catch that one.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-44396", "score": 0.6508172750473022, "text": "Why shouldn't they? As long as an advertisement doesn't make a claim that's false or misleading, why shouldn't companies be able to say whatever they like? That's freedom-of-speech 101, right there.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-67505", "score": 0.6507090926170349, "text": "Maybe the reason why these paid apps exists is because people are sick and tired of ads interrupting the content that want to watch to show them the same ad for a truck that was shown 5 minutes ago.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-857156", "score": 0.6506884694099426, "text": "I don’t understand why people spend money on ads... isn’t it just a complete waste of money?\n\nEdit: pls no hate comments I’m not saying there is something wrong with you if you buy awards, I’m just wondering why people spend money on the ads 😁", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1585380", "score": 0.6506510376930237, "text": "For instance, Charter always shows ads talking about how great Charter/Charter Spectrum is, DirecTV always shows ads about DirecTV, etc. if you’re already paying for the service, why do they feel that it’s necessary to advertise to you further?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-103961", "score": 0.6505836844444275, "text": "Basically from what I understand there's a few simple reasons. One, it's too make sure there is no risk of those people making money off of their IP. Two, that runs the risk of bad press.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-111820", "score": 0.6505646705627441, "text": "Because they can. They are going to charge what people are willing to pay. If people weren't willing to pay that price they would either lower the price, or quit producing the product.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-145", "score": 0.7509332299232483, "text": "This is actually one of the major issues with American football. The padding protects from the blunt hit and spreads out the impact so you aren't taking a lot of force to a particular place on your body, but your body is still being shoved really hard as a whole. This means the force is spread out and absorbed a bit so your skeleton isn't taking such a direct impact, but since a body at rest tends to stay at rest, when you get hit, your organs like to stay where they are as your skeleton is forced to move and they bang around inside their cage." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-129477", "score": 0.6907394528388977, "text": "> Are their bodies more resistant? Yes and no. They are more physically fit, and more flexible which helps mitigate *some damage* but ultimately they are still human. > Would they also be less susceptible to serious injury during an off field accident like a bike/car crash? They might take a little less injury than a non-athlete due to their fitness and flexibility but there is an upper limit. The real thing that is happening is (at least in sports like American Football) that these athlete is really good at *ignoring pain*. When you are continually getting hurt with minor injuries and pushing your body to its limits you get used to that feeling. That doesn't mean that breaking your leg isn't going to hurt a ton, but you are much more able to \"grit your teeth\" through the pain. Playing hurt is just a fact of life.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-140428", "score": 0.685624897480011, "text": "There's another thing to take into account here is that there's on average only 11 minutes of play in a football game. Where as in hockey, there's a full 60+ minutes because the clock stops every whistle. Brain Urlacher (famous football linebacker) was at a Chicago Blackhawks game in the booth with the commentators when he said he and no one else on his team would be able to play through a hockey season. He said the hits they take are way harder, especially with the boards. And then they go out and play 3-4 times a week. Also the hockey players who fight through injuries is like no other sport. Last year a Boston Bruins player played in his last game with broken ribs, separated shoulder, and a punctured lung. That happens all the time in the league, especially in the playoffs, which make hockey players more badass in my opinion", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-6798", "score": 0.6852889657020569, "text": "In the Reddit post about it, somebody claiming to be an ER/trauma doctor said it was a condition called [flail chest](_URL_0_). Rather than being the heart beating, the broken ribs move in & out as a response to air pressure from breathing.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-775487", "score": 0.6840397119522095, "text": "Basically, it turns out that when you're pressing down on someone's chest to pump their hearts, you're breaking the cartilage between the sternum and ribs, you're stretching, tearing, or snapping the ligaments between the sternum and ribs, and you will likely fracture at least one rib. The lungs and in particular heart become \"bruised\", and you may also damage the lungs and other tissue around the chest by driving bits of ribs or at least sharp edges of fractured ribs into them.\n\nGranted, whatever put you into a condition where you required CPR was probably severe in the first place, but how was the recovery from the CPR itself?", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-187906", "score": 0.682604968547821, "text": "I mean, hitting an organ not really protected by the rib cage is pretty painful, but since the liver is an important organ, the body probably focuses more on it when any damage is done to it.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-21962", "score": 0.678350567817688, "text": "Ok, so in the chest cavity between the ribs and lungs there is space, which normally has lower than the atmospheric pressure. This allows the lungs to expand and fill with air when we open our airways and use our breathing muscles. If there is communication between this space and the outside (from a stab wound etc) the pressure equalizes and the lungs collaps on themselves, so even if we contract our breathing muscles the lungs won't fill with air as there will be no difference in pressure. This is called pneumothorax and there are a few types of it, but i gave you the ELI5 gist.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-73878", "score": 0.6733531355857849, "text": "American football players take blows to the head with more force than most other sports except combat sports (boxing, MMA). The principle reason is because football players tackle differently than Rugby players due to wearing helmets and pads. Rugby players tackle by wrapping the opposing player up and dragging them to the ground. Football players tackle by spearing into the opposing player using their head/shoulders. The advantage of tackling like this is it increases the chances that the tackler dislodges the ball from the opponent, allowing for an incompletion or fumble. The obvious disadvantage is hitting things with your head is generally not healthy for you and spearing people in their knees or bones can seriously injure them.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-131569", "score": 0.6732999086380005, "text": "Broken bones in rugby aren't as common as you would think, and the reason is because of the way that rugby players often collide. Rugby has fairly strict rules on what kind of tackles are legal and what kind aren't. For example, you can't 'spear tackle' someone, meaning you cannot pick someone up and drive them into the ground. A lot of rugby tackles are torso on torso, meaning that the areas which come under the most stress from force are also areas with a lot of muscle that tenses and prepares for the hit, minimising damage. In addition, those tackles that aren't forceful hits are often tackles made with the intention to bring a player to a stop from running (tackle around the ankles, for example). When this happens, again, the area that suffers the most force is the upper body when it hits the ground. Broken bones in rugby are generally a result of illegal tackles or someone falling on the ground in an unfortunate manner.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2235895", "score": 0.6717759966850281, "text": "I really started getting into football about 6 years ago. Over the last few years (since the head-hunting policies) it seems like ACL tears are exponentially increasing each year. Is that just my perception, or do the numbers support it? \n\n\nConcussion lawsuits are bad, and the NFL's answer was to hit below the head. Seems to be a heavy correlation with players having to hit lower and knees getting banged up. \n\nAlthough, I can think of 3 players whose ACL tears were, relatively, non-contact. The two defensive players who injured themselves celebrating (meaningless) sacks, and Palmer's appeared to be not much more than a twist. \n\n\nWhat's the deal with ACL tears?", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-80441", "score": 0.6697875261306763, "text": "They don't tend to wander so the torso is just bandaged to stay mostly straight and the two ends will naturally heal together. Most of the time a rib is broken but the break is just a crack which remains set already.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-25913", "score": 0.6671716570854187, "text": "Because American Football players wear helmets and protective armor, they regularly crash into each other way more violently than rugby players would, leading to the apparently paradoxical effect that football players' \"protection\" actually make the sport more dangerous. In a similar case, the introduction of soft, cushy gloves in boxing has lead to significantly more deaths in boxing matches, since boxers were now able to hit their opponent's head with great force without breaking their own hands.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-26620", "score": 0.6603468060493469, "text": "the tackling is a lot different in the two sports, if you tried the tackling in American Football without the pads and helmets youd do some serious injury to yourself, whereas in rugby there is set techniques and strict rules surrounding how you tackle so, if done right, you wont need pads. But still football players are getting really injured and concussed because there is a definite lack technique, in my opinion.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-739606", "score": 0.6601133346557617, "text": "My cousin played offensive lineman in the NFL for 8 years (first or second string for the majority) and he says he doesn't remember the conclusions of most games from \"getting his bell wrung\". So those happens A LOT. These seem like concussion type symptoms, but he never had to leave the game because he passed out or couldn't walk straight. So i wonder how significant is one of those compared to a full blown, lose consciousness for a moment, can't walk straight concussion. Scary stuff", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2235606", "score": 0.6599064469337463, "text": "I was rolling about a week ago, was mounted by a larger (and much more skilled opponent). He was going for an arm bar, I bucked my hips up and tried to roll out. I almost escaped, but his knee landed on my left rib cage about 8 inches under my armpit, this torqued my body back a bit. I had to tap out as it was very painful. I tried sparing again that night, but as soon as I was on my back I couldn't even do a situp. I went to the doctor who sent me for xrays, but I haven't heard anything back yet. \n\nMy physio therapist thinks it's a sprained rib injury. The pain now is dull, but flares up whenever I do anything that moves the ribs around (sneezing, coughing, situp movement, ect). \n\nIt is highly disconcerting to have movement around my rib cage. I can't tell if it is torn cartiledge, tendons, ligaments, ect. I definitely have mildly bruised ribs, but I am more concerned about the sprain/slipping movements. \n\nHas anyone experienced an injury like this? I've cracked my ribs before (much more painful), but there was never and feeling of my insides moving around. \n\nThanks for reading!", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1614652", "score": 0.6596861481666565, "text": "Hey boxers\n\nI've been really drawn to boxing for some reason and believe I have *some* of the natural physical attributes that make a decent boxer, however unfortunately I have a problem with my 2 lowest true ribs. A surgery on my chest didn't go well and now these ribs aren't connected to my sternum. Aside from other problems I'm pretty sure this rules me out for boxing, which is a massive shame. I'm going to look into possible solutions but in the mean time; can anyone recommend any sports that might give similar enjoyment?\nIt's a shame as boxing has just felt right for me for some reason, and I don't know what could replace it.\n\nThanks", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1415789", "score": 0.6594864726066589, "text": "Do you think there is really such thing as an injury-prone football player? I see many lists and comments about avoiding so-and-so because of their injury history in the pros and college, but is that at all a predictor of future injury?\n\nIt is one thing to be based on some objective evidence, i.e. QBs that run, player age/workload, but I have a hard time buying that there is anything substantially different about the way that Danny Amendola or DeMarco Murray play their positions than others.\n\nI mean, how exactly did Matthew Stafford and Frank Gore magically cure their injury prone-ness?\n\n\nIs Darren McFadden a steal?", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2233838", "score": 0.658332884311676, "text": "I was rolling with a really heavy guy the other day could have easily been 250lbs or more, I'm 180. At one point he was on top of me with probably near full weight on my chest. Is it possible this pressure injured my rib? When I move in certain ways and at the end of a breath my lower right rib hurts. What do you guys think the problem is and how long will it be to recover?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2234040", "score": 0.6572927236557007, "text": "male 6’1 around 200 pounds, regular physical activity, 3-4 out of 10 pain\nfirst post cause i can’t find it searching online & WebMD basically said i’m gonna die. through out the day this weird pressure forms almost like it’s between where a rib attaches to my sternum on my right hand side, is there any where something can pop there? i’ve taken the healthcare classes at my highschool as i want to be an athletic trainer & up until recently played varsity football. can someone please help? it’s not necessarily constantly painful, but if i hold my arm up and out to my side and move it back as if i’m stretching my pecs it pops and feels like a release of pressure. it hurts to do this but it stops hurting after it pops, and the pressure is very uncomfortable and painful at times. i’m more confused and i don’t know what could’ve caused it other than rather aggressive working out for football and hitting other players at practice?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-266745", "score": 0.6572667956352234, "text": "How is the lung punctured? From the outside GSW? Or from the inside (broken ribs) from blunt force trauma? Usually what happens is the lung collapses. It relies on positive pressure to keep it inflated. This is called [pneumothorax](_URL_0_). When there is blood around the area (usually due to trauma) it's referred to as a hemothorax. Sometimes there can be a partially collapsed lung and then the air escapes into the surrounding tissue. When pressed this air will feel like small bubble wrap being popped this is referred to as [crepitus](_URL_1_). If the air leak in the surrounding tissues is not remedied it can become life-threatening by putting pressure on the major vessels and the heart. It can even lead to the trachea deviating to one side.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-848728", "score": 0.6568989157676697, "text": "You don't have iron lungs. Don't pretend you do because you don't. Take it from me, I had perfect lungs and ribs, and could take massive hits without coughing a bit. But you aren't made of iron and you *can* push the limits. One day I'm superman, the next day I'm a broken man with torn ligaments in my ribs. I'd much rather take hits that don't chief a whole bowl and keep my old ribs than go through the daily pain i have now. Sitting in the wrong position can cause severe pain, let alone what huge hits can do to me. Nobody likes a rib jabbing your internals, and this shit is not reversible. I tore the it 3 years ago, and it causes just as much pain as it did a few days after the incident. If there's one thing you take from this, its don't be an idiot when you're smoking a big fat bowl/blunt/joint/whatever. If there are any others with similar stories I would love hear them and how their ribs are now.\n\nTLDR: Don't be a dumbass when smoking a fat bowl. Doesn't matter what rig you use, a fat hit is a fat hit.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-146", "score": 0.6149659156799316, "text": "I think my dentist was counting money while my hygienist was scraping my teeth." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-305107", "score": 0.5841906070709229, "text": "The chemicals used by the dentist for numbing are local anesthestics which fall into two chemical categories bases on their structure: esters and amides. I think dentist primarily use lidocaine now, though procaine (aka novocaine) was used more in the past. Local anesthetics work by crossing into nerve cells near where they are injected and blocking the sodium channels. Blocking the sodium channels prevents the nerve from \"firing\" or sending a signal along itself and then to the next nerve cell all the way up to the brain to relay information. In this case the nerve cell doesn't fire and the brain never gets the signal that there is pain in the area that the local anesthesia was injected.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-286149", "score": 0.5841891765594482, "text": "They don't rot easily, in fact cleaning teeth only exists since the 20th century. There's a nice story of the US-Allies introducing toothpaste to the people of Upper Austria after they fought back the german troops: They handed it to kids who thought it would be some kind of sweets and ate all of it.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-97973", "score": 0.58418869972229, "text": "Stick it in, get a cut or a scratch. Cut or scratch gets infected.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1665522", "score": 0.5841720700263977, "text": "So I just got my braces 3 days ago and when I try using my teach to chew (soft) food they hurt so much. My teeth feel loose in my mouth too. So far everything that I can't drink like soup or doesn't just dissolve in my mouth has had to been broken up by my tongue. Is this normal, and will it go away soon? Thank you", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2558650", "score": 0.5841640830039978, "text": "Hi!\n\nI had a dental cleaning a few weeks ago and afterwards my gum line was low for 1 of the 2 bottom teeth. It seemed like the gum was cut at first. I assumed it would heal, but it doesn't seem to be.\n\nI was going to contact the office tomorrow. Is this reversible? Will I have to pay for some procedure when it happened after my cleaning? Any advice prior to the call would be helpful. \n\nThanks!", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-122928", "score": 0.5841585397720337, "text": "My dentist said they do not differ in anyway, when taking into account normal brushing habit. You can have the fanciest toothbrush with ultrasonic, self-cleaning, polishing, timer, and tooth map abilities, but yet forget to brush regularly. She said save yourself some money and buy the cheapest generic brand you can find, a 2min timer, and a calendar to mark of the days you brush properly.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2810616", "score": 0.5841392874717712, "text": "I'm pretty sure this is fraud, but I honestly don't know enough about it to be sure. My family started going to a new dentist and I thought it was strange that they kept saying we had a \"credit\" on our account when we hadn't paid them anything out of pocket yet. Last week when I was there I asked about it and the receptionist explained this to me. We were new patients so they only charged us $35. for our cleanings, our insurance paid them much more than that, though. They took what the insurance overpaid and applied it to our account. That sounds like it was really nice of them to do, but aren't they supposed to only bill the insurance what they actually charged us? I'm all for people being nice to me, but I don't want to get in trouble and I really don't want to have to pay higher insurance because offices are charging the insurance more than they say they charge me. Is this standard practice or are they being shifty?", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1664576", "score": 0.5841227173805237, "text": "My jaw seems to always have slight tension pushing it upwards but not enough that my teeth touch.\n\nIs this normal? are you meant to just let your jaw hang and have your lips closed? or are you meant to lightly touch your teeth, I'm super confused cause websites seem to be contradicting each other whenever I search about this", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2559336", "score": 0.5841209888458252, "text": "Does this subreddit counts teeth as bones? I'm just wondering if I should walk myself out.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1666309", "score": 0.584111213684082, "text": "So next week I am getting my wisdom teeth taken out. I am 23 and I opted out for being put out because it was cheaper. I was just told however by a friend since my wisdom teeth are very impacted they will be cutting into the gum to extract it and possibly be breaking it before taking it out. I am asking if anyone has had this experience or knows if it is not a terrible idea to get impacted teeth taken out while awake. I don't have an insane pain tolerance and I feel like the sounds may be intense haha.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1665486", "score": 0.5840933322906494, "text": "Hello. I had a root canal done in November and the dentist told me that I wouldn’t be able to chew on that side (bottom molar) for a few weeks. It’s now January and I find I’m still unable to chew on that side. I didn’t get a crown afterwards so I’m wondering if that’s the problem? I just don’t know why I can’t bite down and eat on that side.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2000645", "score": 0.5840796828269958, "text": "i am currently going to second year of dental school and i have to pick up the tools and equipment for my studies in the college like contra , micro-motor and so on . but is just wanted to know what to pick up ? should i go for W&H or should i go for seriona ?? or what ?\nwhat brands do u guys like and why ?\n\nsorry for my bad English", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2559409", "score": 0.5840725302696228, "text": "Has anyone been to Somerville Family Dental? I'm looking to get crowns and implant fixed or replaced. My current one started to get lose after a year. I just moved here and I'm really looking for dentists who can make good and long lasting crowns.\n\n\nA bit unsure if I should come here or a more specialized dental offices. Let me know your experience or if you have other dental office suggestions. Would love to know your first hand experience.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2557717", "score": 0.5840157270431519, "text": "I have so many questions/thoughts for this post- sorry In advance! Has anyone had teeth pulled after starting Invisalign? I still have my baby canines, my permanent ones are impacted in the roof of my mouth. I’m 28 and I just figured they will come out when they are ready, and I wasn’t ready for the commitment of braces. My dentist and oral surgeon basically said if you don’t do it now you’ll have to get teeth pulled, have bone grafts and implants done. So I finally committed. \n\nAnyways. My orthodontist assumed I had gotten the oral surgery when I came in for my first tray 2 weeks ago and attachments (I have 13) and had already ordered all of my trays. I’m having my teeth pulled in two weeks (i was going to wait until next year but that would push my treatment out even longer) and the permanents will be exposed and have brackets and chains attached. YAY :( I’m worried about how I will be able to wear my trays post surgery, and if I can’t for a few days that I will have to start all over. \n\nI’m getting my second tray on Monday and will ask the orthodontist but wanted to see if anyone had experience with this and how it went. My orthodontist is very confident my treatment will be successful with Invisalign and that I didn’t need to do this with braces but I’ve been going back and forth questioning whether Invisalign was the best decision or not. My treatment is supposedly going to be for 27 agonizing months. I think I’m just worried this won’t work and really I’m freaking out about surgery too.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1664755", "score": 0.5839951634407043, "text": "My teeth were getting really bad, to the point that eating hard things and cold things gave me a really uncomfortable feeling in my molars. I wasn't sure what was going on, so I went to the dentist.\n\nShe said that nothing was wrong with them, and while I could start brushing with Sensodyne or some other sensitive-teeth toothpaste, I also had a fair bit of gunk between my teeth, and I should start regularly flossing and see how that helped.\n\nLo and behold, the sensitivity went away, and my breath got better too.\n\nWhat have you started doing that has made a big difference in your life?", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2016380", "score": 0.5839327573776245, "text": "Howdy. I've had my Invisalign for 9 days, a 34 tray/2 week plan with buttons and one binder on the right side. [edit to add: 2 week plan for now because of extreme overcrowding and the need to play Tetris with my arch before the teeth can actually move.] My upper front two teeth have torsion bars inside the trays, which pushes the top of the tray away from my teeth and apparently shrinks it, because it's a couple mms down from the gumline. \n\nThis has had the dismaying effect of turning my top tray into a spit cannon when I talk, especially for fricatives. I work in an area where I say 'pharmacy' and 'faculty' a lot, so this is a problem. \n\nThe ortho seems to think this is simply due to an overproduction of saliva from new trays but honestly, after Day 2, my saliva production went back to what I consider normal. Other than constantly sucking my teeth to clear the tray of any and all saliva before I say every word, or becoming a professional mute, I'm at a loss how to deal. \n\nI went into this prepared for hissing, lisping, pain, aches, an enhanced oral hygiene plan, potential mouth ulcers, and a new level of cranky because I have to schedule mealtimes instead of just grazing all day long, but this is a new and annoying thing, and I feel like I'm being That Client but I want to flail and scream, \"THIS WASN'T IN THE LITERATURE!\" \n\nHas anyone else had this happen? Does it get better? (Would prefer truthful answers, but amusing lies are also acceptable. This sucks.)", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-161341", "score": 0.583919882774353, "text": "When you brush your teeth at night, your teeth are clean and smooth. When you sleep, your mouth isn't moving the saliva around your teeth like it does when you're asleep. Plaque accumulates naturally from your saliva. Because your mouth is mainly stagnant when sleeping, the plaque is just staying on the surface of the tooth and can feel slimy when you wake up.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2557652", "score": 0.5839155912399292, "text": "I have a cracked tooth that I need to get pulled, anyone have recommendations? \n\nI do not have dental so I'm looking for good prices", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1663599", "score": 0.5838766098022461, "text": "So most of us here have had our wisdom teeth out, right? Well, to get the teeth out, the oral surgeon often has to cut part of your jaw *bone*. Does this count as bone breakage, or are we safe?", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-138419", "score": 0.5838730931282043, "text": "Saliva has enzymes that break up the wax in the polish better than water can. Water doesn't mix as well with wax.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-147", "score": 0.7738334536552429, "text": "It's because servers where traditionally named according to the services they provide. So a world wide web server had www., a file transfer protocol server had ftp., et caetera. We stopped having to type it because nowadays, the www._URL_0_ and _URL_0_ URLs both refer to the same server (URL is like a set of coordinates on a map that is given to your web browser to go and find the web site). Some sites don't, and so typing either form might yield different results. Most browsers also add the www. in automatically, to stop any problems that might occur." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-98691", "score": 0.7348254323005676, "text": "The www. stands for World Wide Web. It is found in front of domain names because back when the internet started, there were other protocol systems that could be used to transfer documents, like gopher, so the www subdomain was there to clarify that you wanted the World Wide Web html-based service. Nowadays it isn't needed anymore because that is the default.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-151275", "score": 0.7257339358329773, "text": "Actually, they don't. Look at all those Google subsections; they replace \"www\" with, say, \"images\". Some don't even have that. Others, such as ftp sites (websites that act as fileservers using the FTP sharing protocol) have \"FTP\". Point is, there aren't any really strict rules to the name prefixes as the URL is translated to the IP to be used (URLs are only aliases for convenience, basically). For example, let's take \"_URL_1_\": Your browser's default name server will parse that address into the IP as a whole, or if it can't, it's sent to the name server that takes care of all .com URLs and asks if it knows Google's name server (or whoever takes care of the URL). If it does, your request is sent there and asks if it knows what the prefix is supposed to mean. The prefix is dictated by whoever owns the URL, and no requirements (to my knowledge) exist. \"www\" is just a default prefix.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-39367", "score": 0.7166439890861511, "text": "> Many domain names used for the World Wide Web begin with www because of the long-standing practice of naming Internet hosts (servers) according to the services they provide. A server could also support things such as email (*_URL_13_*), file transfer protocol (*_URL_11_*), newsgroups (*_URL_12_*), etc. [Wikipedia](_URL_10_)", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-61061", "score": 0.7165560126304626, "text": "This is entirely a matter of how the owner of the web site decided to do things. They can mean something, or nothing at all. My current employer has approximately three dozen different things that can come before the _URL_2_ part of the URL, of which www is but one option. There is a www2, but the rest go to other things entirely. Another site that makes good use of this is . . . Reddit! You can replace www. with the name of any subreddit, e.g. _URL_3_ will bring you here.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-88207", "score": 0.7141492366790771, "text": "There are many different reasons for being redirected to a different location. Sometimes it's security, sometimes simply being able to track your entrance and exit of the site, space, the general setup of your domain structure. There's probably more but I'm no expert. Basically, www. Is easy to remember and not even all that necessary in most browsers now days. When you connect to their site it redirects you to a more detailed, internal location. For example, they might have 50 different machines or servers running the information you accessed. When you went to www, it kicked you to a more specific ww38 that has that info because the first 37 were too busy with other requests. It's not any different than _URL_0_ or _URL_1_. that's just how they happen to set it up.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-134564", "score": 0.7136495113372803, "text": "Not exactly ELI5 but: The www is a relic from when there were different computers/servers controlling different aspects of web services. Let's say you have a domain, _URL_8_. In the past, you might have the following servers (hosts) that were physically different machines: Web Server - www._URL_8_ Mail Server - mail._URL_8_ File Server - ftp._URL_8_ Those names translated to different IP addresses and directed traffic to the correct machine. Nowadays, much of the time, these are the same machine. They can automatically identify what service you want (web page, mail, etc) so it's not exactly necessary to have those host names anymore.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-37892", "score": 0.7097113132476807, "text": "We have come full-circle. 1991: \"ELI5: What is the World Wide Web and why should I be using it rather than a BBS/Usenet/etc.?\" 2013: \"ELI5: What is Usenet?\"", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1063307", "score": 0.7024477124214172, "text": "Scenario: high cpu load, I hit ctrl-t and type \"www.foo.bar\"\n\nOlder versions from maybe 6-7 months ago: a tab eventually opens with www.foo.bar typed in.\n\nLast few versions: a tab sometimes appears, most likely with o.bar typed in. Otherwise I'll have completely messed something up because of the single key shortcuts.\n\nAt first I thought it was an OS issue, but it happens on both Windows and Linux.\n\n:(", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-9761", "score": 0.6995101571083069, "text": "Not every domain has it. For example, Gmail is hosted on _URL_6_ and Google Maps is hosted on _URL_5_ \"www\" is the default *for websites*, so if you don't specify a subdomain, it will usually send you to the same place as www. But websites aren't the whole Internet- mail servers, game servers, network printers, torrents, file shares, and more are all part of the Internet without being part of the world wide web.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-90028", "score": 0.6949847340583801, "text": "The WWW is what is known as a \"sub-domain\". It can actually be anything you want, such as: _URL_0_ or _URL_1_. Usually, the subdomain would point to a specific server. Back in the old days, there tended to be a single server for each function. Thus, the webserver was known as \"www\". The mail server was known as \"mail\". So on and so forth.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2437760", "score": 0.6949259638786316, "text": "For example, I can just type \n&gt;reddit \n\ninto the address bar, then hit CTRL+Enter for the browser to automatically turn it into \n&gt;www.reddit.com \n\nAFAIK, it works on any browser.\n\nEdit: /u/CitizenTed mentioned that there are other shortcuts as well:\n\nShift+Enter adds .net\n\nCTRL+Shift+Enter adds .org", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-79374", "score": 0.6940730214118958, "text": "www. Is just a sub domain to your main domain. So while Google has _URL_2_, they can also have www._URL_2_, _URL_0_ or _URL_1_. The problem is in the earlier days, people would stick www in front of their domain to represent their public World Wide Web presence. It because standard practice even though it was technically unnecessary. These days, most websites skip the www and go for the cleaner, shorter, non-www website url and just redirect www requests to their non-www website. Some websites do the redirect wrong or simply forget. And that is how you end up with websites that work with only www or non-www. Hope that explains it enough. Still working on my coffee here :-)", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-163888", "score": 0.6912479400634766, "text": "The internet predates websites. Back in the day, there were several types of non-web internet sites you could go to, and they often used different prefices: * ftp - upload and download files * telnet - miscellaneous text based interface * gopher - text based hyperlinked site So if it was 1993, and you were at State U for school, you might have a _URL_1_, _URL_0_, and _URL_2_, and when that new fangled web thing came around, _URL_3_.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-175201", "score": 0.6911608576774597, "text": "So, every device that accesses the internet, be it a server, a computer, a cellphone, etc, has a numerical address. If you knew the numerical address of a website, you could reach that website through the numerical address. The trouble is that numerical addresses aren't very convenient. So in 1983 a service called DNS (Domain Name System) was created. Basically, DNS is a great big database of numerical addresses with corresponding web addresses. So when you type in _URL_0_ it takes you to Reddit, and you don't need to know Reddit's numerical address. Companies that sell a domain name aren't selling you part of the internet. They are registering your domain in DNS. There's a non-profit organization called ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) that takes care of DNS, and they allow third party companies to register websites in DNS. The companies pay ICANN a fee to be able to provide this service, and they charge their customers to pass on the fee. Does that help?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-56942", "score": 0.6898816823959351, "text": "Basically because the US created the internet and the US government controlled all the non-country specific Top Level Domans (TLDs) in the early days (.com, .net, .org, etc). Some of them are still controlled by the US only like .mil and .gov. Countries had more control over their specific TLDs like .ca and .uk, so were more easily able to give them to businesses in their country. However the US had more strict rules for getting .us in the beginning while .com and .org had fewer restrictions. So the US got used to not using .us even though it is available (and more open) today.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2361089", "score": 0.6893351674079895, "text": "On chrome for about the last decade it has been possible to *begin typing* a domain, say, 'anywhere.com' and input 'tab' to then search internally on that site, provided you've visited and searched there before.\n\n***Without using the search bar or other search functions in FF.*** *Searing directly from the address bar. The domain turns to a blue box prior to where text can be inputted.*\n\nThis feature is extremely useful to me for a variety of reasons at work and at home, and because of it I have rarely returned to FF for any other reason than a backup browser on linux. I've recently begun converting to FOSS across the board, and noticed that on my work machine this feature is now included in FF. Outstanding! Got home, installed the same version of FF from the same repository on the same linux distro, and poof.\n\nNo tab to search.\n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\nTurns out it seems to have a mind of it's own whether it's there or not on any machine I install on. What on earth is going on here? \n\n\nSOLVED: manually add the search engine first using the 3dot panel provided in the address bar.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-104542", "score": 0.6879163980484009, "text": "Reddit *could* have used **_URL_1_ without the **/r/**, but if they did so, there could be a name clash. Imagine if I created a subreddit called \"submit\", then the address would be [_URL_0_](_URL_0_) - but this is obviously bad because such page is already reserved for a reddit feature. Hence, Reddit chose to make a box. A box where you can put all subreddits in without fearing that their names can interfere with other important links. Such box is a folder called \"r\". Why the letter \"r\"? Well, there is no need for it to be \"r\". It could have been \"s\" or any other name. \"r\" is logical because, obviously, it is a small R (hence, **sub**reddit). The same is true for users. We use /u/. It's a nice box containing all users.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2361971", "score": 0.6843155026435852, "text": "As per title. Normally, I would set DNS Entry to \"www\", Type to \"CNAME\", and destination/target to where my web app resides. However, if I omit the \"www\" when typing my site url into the url bar I can't navigate to my site. Does anyone know what DNS entry I need to add so I can navigate to my site without the www prefix? E.g. mysite.com instead of www.mysite.com", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-128706", "score": 0.6807196140289307, "text": "The \"how\" is simple: HTML is just text, which you can write in any text editor. It didn't require special tools then, and still doesn't. The following is valid HTML which I'm writing off the top of my head in the Reddit editing box: < HTML > < HEAD > < TITLE > Web Page < /TITLE > < /HEAD > < BODY > < H1 > Heading < /H1 > < P > The rest of the text goes < I > here < /I > . < /P > < /BODY > < /HTML > The \"who\" was Tim Berners-Lee, which is why he gets the credit for inventing the World Wide Web: before the HTTP protocol and HTML, you loaded pages across the Internet using simpler file transfer protocols such as FTP and Gopher. HTML's big advantage was the introduction of the hyperlink, so you could move between pages easily.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-159342", "score": 0.6802153587341309, "text": "Because when you type it into the URL field, it first tries to figure out if it is a URL, and direct you there. Only if that fails does it then turn to searching for what you entered. The google bar on the right assumes you are searching, and doesn't have to check", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-148", "score": 0.8089979290962219, "text": "The real numbers are all the numbers you grew up working with - 1,2,3,4, 4.5, 1/3, 1.2345, -27, 3.1415... and so on. When you limit yourself to the real numbers, the square root of -1 is undefined - there's just no possible number it can be. To get around this, mathematicians defined **i** as the square root of -1. Giving you `i * i = -1`. Imaginary numbers are any real number multiplied by **i** : i, 2i, 3i, 4i, 4.5i, i/3, 1.2345\\*i, -27i, 3.1415...\\*i and so on. Then you also have the *complex numbers* which are made up of *both* real & imaginary parts - things like `(2.5 + 3i)`. Really, anything of the form `(a + bi)` where a & b are real numbers." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-190879", "score": 0.7685331106185913, "text": "an imaginary number is SQRT(negative something), we use the square root of -1 as i to be the main unit. They exist because in some real world math problems (like circuit design and a few higher order engineering problems) then exist as you go through the math, you end up with something where you need to take the root of a negative number. And normally you can't do that cause it doesn't exist. The thing is, its okay mathematically to use a place holder so long as it all cancels out in the end. It can't exist in the real world, but it can exist in the steps in between that we need to use to understand the real world (math), and in fact we can't finish the math without them.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-261840", "score": 0.7676928043365479, "text": "There are *lots* of imaginary numbers. There is only one imaginary *unit* i, because we only need one - we can express all other imaginary numbers in terms of i. For instance, (one of the) square roots of -2 can be written √2 i (the other one is -√2 i), and in this sense, we *do* have a separate name and symbol for each imaginary number.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-132699", "score": 0.7658054232597351, "text": "In electrical engineering, we use imaginary numbers (usually either denoted as \"i\" or \"j\") to represent the phase of an AC signal. The real portion of the number describes the amplitude. This notation makes it simpler to do some of the math.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-256370", "score": 0.7657058238983154, "text": "> Also, I know about quaternions and octonions, they aren't commutative regarding multiplication and therefore are not proper extensions of complex numbers, as far as our notion of a number goes. Why is that where you draw the line for a number? There is no ' < ' operation over the complex numbers which I think is an important notion in the natural and real numbers.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-105319", "score": 0.7641682028770447, "text": "Consider the equation x^2 = -1. A positive number squared is always positive, and a negative number squared is also positive. So there's no solution, right? You get imaginary numbers by saying \"yeah, but pretend there *is* a solution, and call it i\". It turns out that the system you get by joining i to the rest of the numbers is perfectly consistent, and useful in a lot of places.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-94985", "score": 0.7637202143669128, "text": "[_URL_0_: A Visual, Intuitive Guide to Imaginary Numbers](_URL_1_)", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-179213", "score": 0.7632597088813782, "text": "Short answer is that imaginary numbers are named poorly and do actually exist. Basically imaginary numbers do exist they are just located above the standard number line. in reality the number line is more like a number field that occupies a 2d grid. When you multiply a value by i you are actually just rotating that number by 90 degrees on this grid. multiplying by i^2 will move you 180 degrees which gives the same result as multiplying by -1. Dividing by 0 on the other hand has no such logical consistency on mathematics. If you take a number and divide it by 0 it will look like the answer is approaching infinity and -infinity at the same time depending on which direction you are looking at. So is it -infinity or infinity? neither its undefined.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-59565", "score": 0.7631949782371521, "text": "One feature of the real numbers is they are ordered. For any real number we can say that it is less then or greater then another real number, and if two real numbers are equal they are the same number. So we can put them all in a line according to that ordering. The complex numbers aren't ordered. There are ways to measure the magnitude of complex numbers but you can have two complex numbers that aren't equal that have the same magnitude. So there is no way to put all the complex numbers in a single line that makes any sense.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-309307", "score": 0.7618705630302429, "text": "e^i*pi is indeed a real number. If you separate the exponential into its cos and sine terms we get cos(pi) + isin(pi). Sine of an integer multiple of pi is 0 so there is no contribution from the imaginary part and we are left with the cosine of pi which is -1. Edit: Maths typo. Cosine of pi is definitely not 1 it is -1", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-13420", "score": 0.7615364193916321, "text": "I can't really answer your question but here is the most intuitive explanation I've seen on imaginary numbers. _URL_2_ Analogy goes something like this: If negative means \"opposite\" then imaginary numbers mean \"rotation\". For example if you rotate a number for 180 degrees you get the opposite of that number. Which is negative of that number.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-149210", "score": 0.7613006234169006, "text": "Imaginary numbers exist. The name is unfortunate, when they were proposed, someone used the term imaginary to make fun of it, and the name stuck. They could have just as easily been called something less whimsical, like \"auxiliary\" or \"orthogonal\" numbers. But the are as real as negative numbers or fractions are.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-720183", "score": 0.7577431201934814, "text": "Probably the math doesn't hold up, but I've never quite grasped the concept of complex numbers and always assumed it was kind of a bucket of 2 distinct values, one that can \"mingle\" with real numbers and one that cannot (or well that is \"0\" by default for non C numbers).\n\nIs that view total non-sense or is there a parallel to make?", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-245078", "score": 0.75722736120224, "text": "\"Greater than\" and \"less than\" are unambiguous phrases for real numbers because the set of real numbers has a standard [total order](_URL_0_). The complex numbers on the other hand, do not have any such standard. So in order to answer this question, you'd have to define exactly what \"greater than\" means for complex numbers (or at least purely imaginary numbers in this case).", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-10124", "score": 0.7563706636428833, "text": "A Visual, Intuitive Guide to Imaginary Numbers: _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-92570", "score": 0.7559807896614075, "text": "Imaginary numbers can be thought of somewhat more intuitively as a rotation. Positive numbers go left on a number line, negative numbers go right. Imaginary numbers make that number line point in some other direction. It represents a fundamentally different kind of thing to do to a number. We're all familiar with adding numbers together, or scaling them or even doing the opposites. Imaginary numbers aren't like doing either of those things. And the imaginary unit \"i\" is a 90 degree rotation. So if you start at zero, pointing towards 1, you can rotate once to get to 1 but pointing up now instead of left. Then you can rotate by i again so you're pointing at -1, flipping 180 degrees around zero. This is why i * i = -1. When you rotate by i twice, you point the opposite direction.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-156489", "score": 0.7557849287986755, "text": "That's like saying 1 is the only real number. All others are derived from it, i.e 5 = 5 *1. > Why is 1/0 not considered an imaginary value? Because an imaginary number has a specific definition. In some extended complex planes 1/0 is defined, for example the Riemann Sphere, where it is equal to infinity. But in the reals, we choose not to give it a definition, because it causes some... problems. It's not a catchall. > why is |x|=-1 not considered an imaginary value Again, because imaginary has a specific definition. Now, the great thing about math is that we dictate the rules. So you can say, what if we have a value that was equal to the the solution of |x| = -1? Evidently, given the lack of study, the results are nonsensical and not terrible useful or interesting.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-6188", "score": 0.7557724714279175, "text": "The thing you need to know about math is that it's an invention. It isn't some transcendental property of the universe it is just a man made set of rules. So mathematicians create a rule to call lowercase i the square root of negative one and that's that. Then if a number has a real part and an imaginary part, like 4-3i, then it is complex. Now as for uses, they are used in different ways by different people. Electrical engineers use them as a mathematical shortcut since you can prove that e^ix = cos(x) + isin(x) and adding sin's and cos's is hard. Physicists use them to describe how sub atomic particles move. This is also a mathematical shortcut, and when you multiply the complex numbers in such a way that the imaginary parts cancel out, it gives you an entirely real value which represents something tangible.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-252543", "score": 0.7502270340919495, "text": "Imaginary numbers represent one of the key distinctions between classical and quantum mechanics. Quantum particles are not points, but are waves in space and time (amongst other things). One property of a wave is that it has a **phase**, that is when you consider [two waves relative to eachother](_URL_1_) they have some offset. Imaginary numbers are a very [mathematically concise](_URL_0_) way of describing this physical property. Tl;DR: Imaginary numbers describe the phase of a quantum object.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-105498", "score": 0.7493958473205566, "text": "First of all, complex numbers are properly defined, as I explained [here](/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1vehpv/eli5_imaginary_numbers_again_please/cergp4l). The basic idea is that we didn't just invent a number called \"i\" and said \"this is the square root of -1\", instead we expanded the set of real numbers in a way that is mathematically consistent (just like the real numbers are an expansion of the rational numbers, which are an expansion of the integers, which are an expansion of the natural numbers). The complex plane is a way to represent complex numbers geometrically on a two-dimensional plane of real numbers. There is a problem with representing complex numbers geometrically on a single dimension (a line) because unlike the real numbers, there is no proper way to define a total order on the set of complex number.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-740822", "score": 0.7484090924263, "text": "I did not excel in math whatsoever in high school. I'm currently trying to fix that after being out of high school for 5 years and not having gone to college.\n\n\n\nThere's a worksheet I'm going over that is having me identify in which sets certain numbers are classified. The answer key is saying that the square root of 80/2 is both imaginary and real (complex?). Using a calculator, both the square roots of 80 and 2 come out to decimals. I have no idea why that number would be in those two sets (or in the complex set if that's what it's called). Can someone provide an explanation please?\n\n\n\nEdit: I should add that it is also possible that the worksheet may be referring to \"I\" as irrational instead of imaginary.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-149", "score": 0.7544984221458435, "text": "Odds basically tell you that if the exact same situation were to occur an infinite number of times, what portion of those times would lead to that specific result. e.g. If you have the Ace of Hearts, King of Hearts, Queen of Hearts and Jack of Hearts in your hand and 48 shuffled cards in front of you, there is a 1 in 48 chance you will end up with a 10 of hearts for a Royal Flush. There is no way of guessing which card will come up next, but if you shuffled that deck drew a card (made note of which card it was, replaced it and repeat) millions of times, you would get the Royal Flush 1/48 of the time. A pro would make that bet if it pays better than 48 times their money. They will only win 1/48 of the time, but if they get the chance to make that bet many many times in their lives, the rare win will make up for the cost of the losses." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1414780", "score": 0.716170608997345, "text": "I realize in the long run the answer is likely that they are random, but in the short run (last few years) do some of the numeric results of lotteries appear to occur more often than others?", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-260292", "score": 0.7153884768486023, "text": "You formulated the questions correctly, but you are falsely equating the two. The odds of getting 11 black turns in a row ARE LOWER than just the 50:50 chance of this individual turn. The problem is, you aren't betting on the first thing happening, you are betting on the second. The key is that what happens on this spin is INDEPENDENT from what happened previously. To pose a question back to you: How is it possible for previous spins to affect the current spin (breaking independence)? EDIT: Fixed a grammar \"oops.\"", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-739744", "score": 0.7152379155158997, "text": "If you have 13 chances each with a 60% probability of winning... what’s the probability that at least 5 of them will win?\n\nEdit: changed to at least", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-173112", "score": 0.7150617837905884, "text": "The probability that something will NOT happen is 1-(chance that thing will happen). So the chance that you will not win in one try is 76999999/77000000, or 0.999999987 The probability of n repeated trials all coming up the same way (like not winning the lottery several times in a row) is the probability^n. So, 52 drawings a year times 60 years is 3120 trials. So now, the chance of not winning is (76999999/77000000)^3120, or 0.9999594813. So there's a 99.9959% chance of not winning, despite playing weekly for 60 years.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-822907", "score": 0.715058445930481, "text": "I hope this is the right subreddit to ask.\n\nI was thinking about this and couldn't figure out how to do this. I don't even know if the chance of 50-50 should be larger than the chance of 49-51.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-261898", "score": 0.714564323425293, "text": "The other answer assumes a uniformly distributed number and is correct under that assumption. It is worth pointing out, however, that due to superstition, a human selected number can exhibit bias. In particular, if someone tells you to guess a number between 1 and 10, in my (annecdotal) experience 7 is chosen more than a third of the time, with 3 being the other common choice, and 1 and 10 being extremely rare. This is due to superstition holding that certain numbers are lucky, which makes people more inclined to pick them. (You will see a similar result if you look at lottery entries - entries including 7 and 13 are considerably more common than entries containing two different numbers, for example 25 and 41, and for many lottery structures this means prize payouts are lower when 7 and 13 are both selected). But /u/midtek has the correct answer for where there is no bias on which number is chosen. TL:DR - Assess whether there might be bias in how the 'random' number is selected.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1416216", "score": 0.7142353653907776, "text": "Hi, Ive got a quick question. While playing roulette (EU, so no 00) in my local casino I noticed that when I make a bet (say red or even or whatever) and green(0) hits, my bet gets carried over to the next round (I dont lose the bet, it stays on the table for one more round). Now my question, since I am not good at all with maths and probability/gambling odds, is : Does that make the roulette odds fair? By betting on red, Ive got a 18/37 to double my money, 18/37 to lose my bet and 1/37 to break even which means that ive got more than a 50% chance to not lose money - does this mean the roulette is fair or is there more to it? Maybe this \"system\" is common at most roulette tables but I wouldnt know as I am not very experienced with this sort of stuff. This might actually be a stupid question but I am really curious as to how this works out.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-127633", "score": 0.7142274379730225, "text": "You are correct. Every set of 6 numbers has exactly the same chance of winning, and it doesn't matter if they're close to each other, next to each other, or far away from each other. The lottery machine is just as likely to select 1,2,3,4,5,6 as it is to select 2,17,23,32,48,49. However, if you choose numbers that make up a pattern on the ticket, you're more likely to share your prize with more people, and if the numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6 ever do come out on the draw then my guess is that there will be hundreds of winners.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-34500", "score": 0.7138978838920593, "text": "Hmm, the odds are 1,000,000 to 1 so the chance of the event happening is 1/1,000,001. The chances of this event not happening is 1,000,000/1,000,001 The chances of all of the 1,000,000 events not happening is (1,000,000/1000,001)^1,000,000 The chances of at least 1 event happening (all possibility's except non of them happening) is 1-(1,000,000/1,000,001)^1,000,000 = 0.63", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-95238", "score": 0.7138885855674744, "text": "If you know what cards have been played you can work out, at least roughly, what the odds are on a given card being dealt next. Simple example: If I watch a game from a fresh deck a few rounds and notice that all the kings, 3 of the queens and two each of the 10s and jacks are dealt I know the odds of getting a really high card are low if I ask for a hit.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-144850", "score": 0.713817834854126, "text": "Yes. On a 12 sided die, each. Number has the same 1/12th chance of coming up. 8 has a 1/12th chance. But on two six sided dice, there are several ways to get an 8. 6 on one and a 2 on the other. Or 5 on one and 3 on the other. Or two fours. So they are more likely than rolling a 2 (which has only one way) or a 12 (which also has only one way) You can draw a grid with 1-6 across the top (die one) and 1-6 down the side (die two) and add up the numbers. Then you can count how many of each sum there are and get the exact odds! A 12 sided die, for comparison, is just a straight line counting from 1-12.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-53972", "score": 0.7132834196090698, "text": "If the probabilities are uniform (all number have the same chance of being chosen), the probability that any specific number is chosen tends to 0 as the number of numbers to choose from tends to infinity. So if the amount of numbers to choose from is infinitely big, the chance of picking a particular number is infinitely small (yet not equal to zero). You can however have non-uniform distributions where you can determine the probability to get a specific number, while still having the possibility to get any number. For example: |Picked number|Probability| |------------:|----------:| | 1| 50 %| | 2| 25 %| | 3| 12.5 %| | …| …| | n| 1/(2^(n))|", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-152320", "score": 0.7126194834709167, "text": "Take how much you are betting, multiply it by the fraction, that is how much you win (plus you get back however much you bet.) You bet 100 on ManUtd to beat West Ham at 7/5 odds. So you give them 100, if you win, you win 100*(7/5)=140, so if Man Utd wins the bookie will give you 100+140=240. Works the same way for heavy favorites like Arsenal vs Aston Villa. You bet 100 on Arsenal at 3/16 odds. If they win, you win 100*(3/16) 18.75, so if Arsenal wins the bookie will give you 100 + 18.75 = 118.75.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1415149", "score": 0.7125971913337708, "text": "...where one outcome can influence the next, etc.\nThe problem: You take the spades out of a new deck of cards. They are ordered sequentially with the ace first and the king last. Seventeen times, you randomly choose two cards and swap them. What is the probability that the ten of spades now occurs before the ace?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1820728", "score": 0.7123103141784668, "text": "I understand no RNG is truly random, but in several diff games me and my friends roll astronomicaly higher ammounts of ones and twentys.\nWe also see lotsa instances of double results \nDose anyone else have this happen?", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-986327", "score": 0.7120647430419922, "text": "Yesterday my friend, Tom and I went to the Car Competition. There was a race involved two Car named Black and White. \n\nTom decided to allow me to bet with him, offering me even odds for both cars. Being good friends with him, I could not reject him.\n\nBut I saw that the bookmaker odds for this race is 3 to 1 for Black and 0.5 to 1 for White. \n\nI have $10 in my pocket. \n\n(1) Bet $4 for Black with the bookmaker and $6 for White with Tom\n\n(2) Bet $5 for Black with Tom and $5 for White with the bookmaker\n\n(3) Bet $6 for Black with Tom and $4 for White with the bookmaker\n\n(4) Bet $7 for Black with the bookmaker and $3 for White with Tom\n\n(5) Choose any of the 4 strategies above. It does not matter.\n\nWhich strategy will allow me to minimize my possibility of any loss?\n\n________________________________________________________\n\nMy solution - Plenty of Loopholes.\n\nOption 1. Bet $4 for Black with the bookmaker and $6 for White with Tom\n\nBookmaker Odds\n3:1 Black (Means bet $1 and win, can get $3 back)\n\n\nTom Odds\n\n2:1 White (Means bet $1 and win, can get $2 back)\n\nIf black wins, I will get back $12 from my Bookmaker $4 bet.\nIf white wins, I will get back $12 from my Liu Qian $6 bet.\n\n[b] But there is a problem. I don't know if this is a two car race or many car race? Does it matter? \n\nSecondly, I don't know the chances of each car winning. Maybe the cars are rigged so black will win everytime. Does it matter?\n\nThirdly, what are the definition of odds? [/b]", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-822084", "score": 0.7119961380958557, "text": "Hello guys, I was trying to explain some friends the odds of either of two dice rolling a particular number and told'em that it would be 11/36, simply cause 1- (5/6*5/6) is 11/36. They insisted that it should be 1/3, since it would be 2*1/6, which I know it's wrong, but I couldn't point out in a simple way why it's wrong. I know it's a quite simple problem for the forum standards, but I just couldn't explain them why it's wrong to simply sum the probabilities. Could you guys give me a light?\n\n- sorry for the poor English", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-740863", "score": 0.7114865183830261, "text": "We are discussing some math during breakfast on our trip, and we cant figure out how the math works!\nThe probability og getting a 6 when throwing a dice is 1/6. What is the probability of getting a 6, with 6 throws? \n\nAnd is there any difference in throwing all 6 at once, instead of 1 six times?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-49178", "score": 0.7113974690437317, "text": "When drawing a card the odds that it will be any one particular card are 1 in 52. The odds that it will be **somewhere else** are 51 in 52 - that somewhere else could be still in the deck, mucked or in someone else's hand. Where that card is doesn't change the statistical odds. Excepting of course that the odds reduce based on the number of cards you can actually see (so if you can see your two cards and 2 already on the river the odds are reduced to 1 in 48) But you still don't know where the other cards are going to be - they could be anywhere and the odds of them being in any particular place are still the same. You can of course guess based on what you **think** the other players have been dealt. But it would only be a guess. How good of a guess it will be it what separates good poker players from the rest of us.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1415421", "score": 0.7110437154769897, "text": "so I play a phone game called brawl stars, they are releasing a new legendary rarity brawler named Leon. You can find your exact odds for every rarity for every box you open. \n\nMy odds are .1776, per box, to get a legendary drop. I have 492 boxes saved up. My original thought was to just multiply them, .1776x492= 87.37. So I thought I had an 87% chance to get the new character. \n\nToday I watched a video where a YouTuber said that the formula to figure it out would actually be \n\n1-((1-x)^y)\n\nWhat would the variable x and y represent? This formula gave me 58% chance and my friends have different odds and amount of boxes so I’m just trying to better understand. Sorry if this is confusing, thanks.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-150", "score": 0.644673228263855, "text": "_URL_0_ It's called an accelerometer. This guy breaks it dowwn." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-154494", "score": 0.6124206781387329, "text": "It is an old magicians trick. You push slightly in one direction to knock someone off balance, slightly in the other to keep then in balance. Here is a good demonstration: _URL_0_ Also note, Power Balance, one of the companies that back these bracelets, has admitted they don't actually do anything.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-82801", "score": 0.6124055981636047, "text": "They use the electrical shield in the headphone cable as an antenna. No part of the device itself is long enough to use as a reliable antenna at broadcast radio frequencies.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2000326", "score": 0.6123910546302795, "text": "Hello! I recently had a little accident that ended up with my headphone jack being bent at a 45 degree angle. Who have you gone to for headphone repairs (Specifically Beyerdynamic 770 if it matters). I live in Long Island, New York if it's a local store.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-312308", "score": 0.612389087677002, "text": "Two things. **First:** The type of touch screen you are referring too are [Capacitive Touch](_URL_1_) and they work by detecting the change in capacitance a conductive body(The physics kind, not the biology kind) in close proximity causes. **Second:** The magnets. Magnets will only harm traditional [CRT screens](_URL_3_) which use a magnetic field to fire electrons at precise points. An external magnet changes the screen's field causing electrons to not hit where they should have, disrupting the image. That said, LCD screens are immune to this type of interference. However, because the rest of the device is in such close proximity to the screen, unrelated parts could be damaged by a magnet. More info: _URL_4_ _URL_2_ _URL_0_ Edit: Additional sources, and more information.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-12700", "score": 0.6123731136322021, "text": "This has to do with how the display works. Typically the lights in the display flash 50 or 60 times a second. Different parts of the display update at different times. So when your head is still it looks like a solid image, but when vibrations go through your head when you are chewing something crunchy or making a low pitched note with your voice, your eyes will vibrate as well and so different parts of the image will be seen by your eyes in slightly different positions. Depending on the frequency of the vibration, the letters/numbers will bounce around at different speeds. This can be compared to the [Rolling Shutter](_URL_0_) effect, where if the camera is vibrating or moving fast, it can result in wobbly or distorted footage due to different parts of the image being recorded at different times.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-348576", "score": 0.6123644709587097, "text": "Does anyone know how I can find me phone when:\n\nI’m pretty sure it’s dead (had my friend call it and it went to voicemail)\n\nEven if it wasn’t dead, the ringer is off, Bluetooth is off, and I don’t use the same email for any of my other devices.\n\nIt’s an Apple phone btw, if you need more info then I’ll try as best I can\n\n\nEdit: just found in shoved in between the couch cushions 😅😅\n\nI got a notification from my phone the other day and it felt like it was in the couch! I thought I was going crazy, but now I know why hahah", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-123934", "score": 0.6123580932617188, "text": "It basically DOESN'T matter, which is why some stuff did it one way and some stuff did it the other. It only becomes an issue when devices that picked one talk to devices that picked the other.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-242969", "score": 0.6123331785202026, "text": "It doesn't, refraction occurs at both faces (that's what causes the light to bend, but higher frequency light bends more, hence the separation of colors). It's just more noticeable the first time it happens.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-120266", "score": 0.6123293042182922, "text": "They have a microcontroller. Usually this is a timer plugged into the wall with the lights plugged into it. Either that or Elves....", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-321638", "score": 0.6123224496841431, "text": "Those anti theft scanners use electromagnetic fields to detect those magnetic sensors that are attached to the clothing (and removed by the clerk upon checkout). As you walk past, these electromagnetic fields will induce some alternating current in your earbuds, and that's where the buzz comes from.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-186640", "score": 0.6122851967811584, "text": "Simplest explanation is because of the way old monitors/TVs display their image at a slow frame rate and how the camera is recording at a different frame rate. During playback they’re out of sync so you start to see partial scans on the display. Kinda like how a fast spinning wheel can look like it’s spinning backwards.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-98762", "score": 0.6122508645057678, "text": "This will only happen on video or if the LED is flickering. If the LED is continuously on then you will just see it blur since your eyes capture continuously. The video or the flickering LED will \"sample\" the image and allow you to get aliasing effects where if the LED spun 10 degrees or 370 degrees between flashes they'll look the same to your eyes since the light flashes at the same point either way. If the speed of rotation is increasing or decreasing then the point at which you sample it moves slowly one way or the other. If it is spinning clockwise and getting 361 degrees around between samples then you'll see it rotating clockwise slowly, but if it only gets 359 then you'll see it rotating counter clockwise slowly because it appears the same as if it was moving 1 degree counter clockwise between samples", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-22567", "score": 0.6122331619262695, "text": "When something spins, it has inertia just like an automobile and just like an automobile, it is very easy to move it in certain directions in respect to the direction of the movement and difficult in other directions. The trick is that with a top, the inertia isn't all in one direction, it is in all directions along a plane. Shifting that plane up, down, or to the side takes very little energy, but turning the orientation of it requires disrupting the inertia, so you will experience a force if you try to do so. As long as the force which tends to topple the top is less than the force resisting it, the top will stay up.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-80949", "score": 0.6122321486473083, "text": "Newer ones might be electronic. The original style would have a recording on a sound cylinder or disk, which would be wound by pulling the string. Generally, much like a record player. A number of the older ones basically are tiny little record players.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-545908", "score": 0.612209141254425, "text": "After a day that my phone fell from about half a meter to a flat wooden floor, it has had about 3 problems. First, there is a big black blob on the corner of the screen, when i pressure that corner slightly the blob moves. Second, on the left to the middle of the screen there are vertical black lines that look like a barcode, but they are very spaces apart so i can easily look between them, it just bothers me a lot. Third and final, on the bottom there are horizontal thick segments that have a diferent hue. that's it. I hope someone is able to help + id like to know if its possible to fix one of the problems without going to a phone repair shop. (they're too expensive and i dont trust them.)", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-109246", "score": 0.6121927499771118, "text": "I might be completely wrong, but I always understood that the pair that is twisted are a positive and negative of a transmission, by twisting them you ensure that the electromagnetic interference is the same in both cables, so you can use the signal received on the negative as a background to subtract from the positive... Then again I never actually researched this, and I can be completely wrong.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-493233", "score": 0.612159013748169, "text": "i don't like that it goes the opposite way as it's not intuitive to me? is there a way to change this?\n\ncouldn't get the phrasing right / find anything on google\n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\nwould be cool if possible! thanks\n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\n\\*should've mentioned i'm using mac, not iphone or ipad\n\n\\+ it's not doable through File&gt;Preferences within garageband app", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-5826", "score": 0.6121584177017212, "text": "Go get your eyes checked. You seem to be seeing refraction happening within your eyes. It could be from some minor deformity in the eye like the ones that cause near sightedness and far sightedness, to pressure in the optical nerve. So basically **please go to a doctor as soon as possible.** Source: had something similar once due to a medicine increasing optical nerve pressure and I have a 3DS and there's no halo around the notification lights.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-887248", "score": 0.6121520400047302, "text": "Short version. Got an aftermarket cable for my LCD-2, left and right sides weren't labeled. Stuck the cables in, I got it wrong. Left and right are backwards. No big deal, just pop 'em out and reverse, right? Nope. The one will not budge. At all.\n\n\n\nYou can see the damage to the plastic on it from using a goddamn coin to smash the button down as hard as possible while trying to separate it. No go. I cannot get this thing out. \n\nYes, I suppose I could just leave it backwards and forever be pissed off that my music is reversed, but what if this cable goes bad? I can't get it out to replace it.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-270138", "score": 0.61214679479599, "text": "It is an arbitrary choice. We choose to have the x-axis be the horizontal one. We choose to have right and up indicate a positive sign. We choose to have the 0 angle based along the x-axis. These choices lead to a polar coordinate system (x,y)=(r cos(theta), r sin(theta)) that has an increasing angle result in a counterclockwise rotation. If you change any of these choices, you get a different result.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-151", "score": 0.7449204921722412, "text": "Like, in your house? Or the whole thing? In your house, just unplug the cable between the router and the modem. The Internet as a whole is so resilient (it was intended to survive nuclear strikes) that it would be extraordinarily difficult. Global thermonuclear war might do it." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2064975", "score": 0.7074819803237915, "text": "Long story short, I have powerline adapters that have a power saving mode and go to sleep when not in use. Because of this, the connection will sometimes drop and only unplugging and replugging fixes it. The only solution I've found is pinging to it from another computer. However, I'd rather use my Raspberry Pi so I don't need to have my PC always on. Is there a command that essentially replicates what is shown in this video? I'd really appreciate the help.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1186765", "score": 0.7071411609649658, "text": "I remember there used to be some exploits involving fucking around with your router, but those seem to have been fixed. Are there still any ways of doing this?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2581893", "score": 0.7067331671714783, "text": "My router is bugging out to heck and back, not allowing any device to connect anymore and showing \"authentication error\" on devices attempting to connect, and the only way I can find to fix it is to factory reset it. But if I do that, how do I reconnect? How do I change my settings back to what they were? \n\nIf needed, I don't have access to a computer, but have phones and game systems.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1566624", "score": 0.7064294815063477, "text": "(Linked from another r/ cos idk where to ask)\nFirst of all idek if I’m asking the right place so sorry if I screwed this up, and also I know it sounds dumb but was only curious to how it would go.\n\nI was wondering if there was a way to shut down my pc or put it to sleep from the click of like a wireless button, externally, like a remote for a tv(but literally the size of a button or as small as I can get the device).\n\nSo from the pc I can create some hotkeys to put the machine to sleep or hibernate etc, then maybe have a little receiver that’ll get the signal for the button being pressed and the press would trigger the hotkey. I know it could probably be done with an android but I’m wondering if there’s anything smaller that would do the trick. \nSo that’s the plan but idk how I’d even go about doing it, if it’s even possible.\n\nP.s. don’t judge I’m in uni holidays and bored enough to do a fun little diy project that’ll make me even more lazier.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1160031", "score": 0.7063335180282593, "text": "The only internet I have in my house is by using my hotspot on my phone. I have my computer plugged into a wireless router for steam play and file sharing.\n\nI'm trying to setup a hubitat, which has been claimed that it can be setup offline. It too forever to discover the hub, even though both are plugged into the same router, I even tried search by Mac and ip.\n\nMy computer shows Ethernet is connected to my router, but when I go to the ip for my router (saved to favorites, been there many times) the page never loads, just keeps spinning. I also cannot connect to any website. I tried searching YouTube to help figure out my problems, but the page doesn't load. The only way I can use one or the other is if I disable my Ethernet drivers, then I can alternate between internet and my local router WiFi.\n\nLikewise, if I try going to my hubitat ip to set it up, I get nothing.\n\nI honestly just want to setup this home smart house shit, and it's so frustrating!", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2375699", "score": 0.7060464024543762, "text": "Hi guys , I face a problem that I can't resolve . I have a desktop with Ethernet lan connection to Internet and when enter the sleep mode, Internet connection stop working. If I have a download remaining or a torrent then it disconnects right after the download is finished. When I turn on again my PC the connection recover normally. I need to have the ability to wake up computer via remote connection and with network disabled its impossible. I tried many solutions like unckeck the setting \"allow network shut to save power\", but still no solution. Thanks in advance and sorry for my shitty English.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1862048", "score": 0.7057943344116211, "text": "Don't have a ethernet outlet near me, it's one of these or god forbid WiFi (which I'm using now...)", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2376834", "score": 0.7049309611320496, "text": "this was posited in another thread about a rogue AP being plugged in.\n\nwhat is the quickest and most efficient way you know of to deal with this issue. we know about port security and such, thats not the point, the point is you already have this problem what do you do about it?", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2299576", "score": 0.7037712931632996, "text": "I work for a small business that is trying to roll out a new line of (lets just say) multimedia units equipped with an access point. We've hired a dev team to develop an app to work with our products (currently Samsung SM-T110 with jellybean) that we want to run in a kiosk emulation (built in to our developed app) that is loaded on one of these tablets to be packaged with one of our units. The tablet controls our system through wifi connection, but with the nature of kiosk emulation, we won't be providing a way for the user to assure the tablet connects only to our system. As-is, connection is maintained pretty well, but if our system turns off and the tablet is still on with an open network available, it will connect and render the thing a nice paperweight for any consumers that don't know the escape protocol.\nNo one seems to be able to figure out how we might be able to prevent this, so I thought I might see if my fellow redditors could help me with this pickle as they have so many times before.\n\n\nIf you're curious about our business and want to know more about what our systems do, feel free to check out Our website just in case you might need a better understanding of what we're trying to do.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2583752", "score": 0.7035635113716125, "text": "So hopefully I can give enough detail to get an answer because this has me stumped. I'm usually good with computers but this one has me perplexed.\n\nSo whenever I plug in a USB powered device (such as a thumb drive, cell phone or portable hard drive that doesn't plug into the wall) and then try to access the internet the system becomes non-responsive. This happens even *after* I unplug the device and access the internet. It has even happened after I unplug a device, restart the computer, and then access the internet.\n\nTo clear up what I mean by \"locked up,\" I mean that windows and other programs no longer take commands. If a video is playing (for example) it will continue to play but no *new* files may be opened and no new commands will be accepted. The mouse still moves and seemingly clicks, because trying to click on a program makes it grey out into \"non-responsive\" like windows typically does. Ctrl-alt-del does nothing, even if i have windows task manager open before I try to access the internet it stops registering new information and does not take new commands. The only thing that can be done is to force the power off manually.\n\nBut here is what worries me most about it:\n\nAfter a forced power down, when I try to turn on the computer it will 100% of the time without fail tell me there is a \"CPU overheat error\" and it will not start windows. This happens weather I have been running my computer for days or minutes, so the CPU shouldn't always be the same temperature. This *always* goes away two or three hours later, but it is very worrying (as I'm sure you can imagine). \n\nI have replaced the CPU heat-sync, it has given no improvement. I have upgraded the power converter from 450w to 750w in case it was a problem of overtaxing the power, nothing.\n\nIt is getting to be a bit on the old side, but if there's anything I can do to prevent buying a new computer it would be *extremely* appreciated. \n\nSome specs:\n\n* Asus P5Q SE2 motherboard (built in LAN, which is how I get online)\n* 2Gbx2 DDR2 RAM\n* 2.5 GHz Intel Core 2 Quad core \n* Gigabyte HD 5450 (1 gb DDR3) ATI graphics card\n* 1 SATA 3.0gb/s SSD (where Windows is)\n* 4 SATA 3.0gb/s HDD (three are \"green\" that take up less power)\n* 2 USB External drives that are wall powered\n* USB wireless keyboard/mouse using two different receivers\n\nI have tried unplugging many drives, but so long as what I'm plugging in is \"self powered\" it doesn't seem to matter how many other drives are plugged in the computer still locks up. It's otherwise stable so I really don't want to just trash it and start a new one.\n\nPlease help!", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2376239", "score": 0.7027700543403625, "text": "I had my internet connection disabled by having no Default Gateway and I was using the internet through a VMware. Everything was fine until today that I noticed that I'm suddenly connected to the internet without changing any settings. I'm connected to a LAN network btw.\nAny ideas what might cause the problem?\nThanks in advance!", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1199714", "score": 0.7010515332221985, "text": "Title says it all. Internet took a shit on us, its paid, unplugging it and plugging it back in makes it work slightly better for about an hour. Just wanna play apex legends man. \n\nAny thoughts or advice?\n\nEdit: Contacting the internet place is on my to do list, I am asking for things I could possibly do in the meantime. I cant think of anything besides unplugging and replugging it.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-73349", "score": 0.7009583115577698, "text": "Just because the screen is blank and LEDs and stuff go out doesn't mean that the operating system is completely halted and the CPU is off. Not to mention, low level operations like unmounting filesystems is pretty much the last thing to be done before power off. Like shutting off the lights and locking the door before you leave the house. So lets suppose you have a \"leaving the house checklist\"... the last two lines on the checklist are \"turn off lights\" and \"lock door\"... obviously you can't update the checklist _after_, because its inside the house. But the instructions are so simple and so immediate, you're not going to forget to do it, so you update the checklist _before_ you turn off the lights and lock the door. Also, there's really no way to \"fail\" at unmounting a file system.... at this point. (in other cases, yeah, you have open file handles and stuff, but during shutdown, all other running processes and file handles have been shut down _already_.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1736257", "score": 0.7001404762268066, "text": "I would like to force IPV6 to be used to test a few things, preferably disabling IPv4 temporarily. Can i do this from the OS or have to be done via router?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2376210", "score": 0.7000468969345093, "text": "My parents recently started turning off the wifi every night to prevent me from going on my screens. And my mom has insomnia and wakes up every so often. I’m pretty sure she goes on her phone to check if there’s wifi, too, but i dont want to find out. So my way around this would be to sneak to the router at night, unplug the ethernet cable that goes from the wall into the router and divert it to my laptop. Will that grant me access to the internet without giving anyone else access? Thanks!", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1140757", "score": 0.7000178098678589, "text": "Cautionary tale here. \n\nTLDR: unplug everything, and I mean everything in a storm.\n\nSo I have always wanted a badass rig. So 2 years ago, I went all out in my budget. 4790k, 500gb ssd, and 980ti in sli. Today, it's an expensive paperweight. \n\nLast night in Illinois we had a short, but severe lighning storm. Being cautions, I. Bought a highly rated surge protector to help keep it safe in storms. \n\nWe lost power last night and when I awoke this morning, my internet was out. I checked the modem to find the power light was out on the while strip. Ok, I changed out strips, still nothing. I tried it in another outlet, still nothing. I called comcast, they said the line may have been damaged in the storm and was anything else out. I had a bit of a cold sweat as I knew my pc was plugged into the same line. I tried the steps above, and it boots, but won't post. I tried taking out the gpus, changing out the ram, and still nothing. Apparently it surged through the Ethernet and killed it. I hope it's just the mother board, but I'm not that optimistic. So next time, if I ever get this rebuilt, I'm unplugging it all!", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2583899", "score": 0.6993201375007629, "text": "Tried re-installing, resetting, no firewall. pc connected via wifi to modem.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2581744", "score": 0.6992028951644897, "text": "My laptop has been having repeated issues as of late with disconnecting from the net. In fact, it happened just now as I am typing this less than 200 words into typing this. This makes playing games online with friends a chore as it is often quitting out n the middle of things, generating frustration on both ends. The only way I have found to solve temporarily this is to troubleshoot my wifi, which resets the wifi adapter and tells me this happened because \"the default gateway is not available\". It then breaks again soon after\n\nIn my attempts to fix this, I've updated all of my net drivers and disabled my ethernet port(the source of the problem for some people, but not mine apparently). I am unable to fiddle with my network or router settings, as this is on a campus wifi AKA not in control of it. I've asked other people and they don't have this issue. \n\nThis is on a windows 10 HP laptop. Any help or input would be appreciated", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1160631", "score": 0.698987603187561, "text": "So, simple request with hopefully a simple solution. I need to spend the next few weeks in a shared house, with other kids. WiFi sucks here for me, but I know the others can play online perfectly, while I can barely go on YouTube at 240p.\n\nI fear they must've put some kind of priority system, DMZ, QOS, or something that I'm unaware of. We're all on WiFi, no ethernet, nor router access (I think). Of course, as they're kids, they deny everything. \n\nWhat can I do? I don't want to shut them down, I just want to be able to open websites without timeouts all the time.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1526531", "score": 0.6984450221061707, "text": "We are doing some failover tests and having some unexpected behavior when we unplug/plug a network cable. Just want to see exactly what VMware is doing.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-152", "score": 0.6760526299476624, "text": "Assange made a website that exposed private and sensitive information about important people and events, in particular the government, and they got angry." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1911999", "score": 0.6422168612480164, "text": "Let me get this straight. Trump, a billionaire surrounded by 1000s of beautiful women his whole life without ever having one claim of sexual misconduct, is now being accused by 12 different women that he groped them. The \"media\" is reporting this non-stop even though there is zero proof.\n\nThis all comes out at the time Wikileaks has released 100s of emails, who's authenticity is easily verifiable, showing disgusting levels of corruption and lying by Hillary. Lets list off some of the things just exposed by these emails shall we?\n\n1 Clinton wants open borders for the entire western hemisphere. NO BORDERS!\n\n2 Clinton admitted sometimes her public and private positions differ.\n\n3 Clinton’s spokesman mocked Catholics and evangelicals as “severely backwards.”\n\n4 Clinton campaign used Benghazi as a distraction from the email scandal.\n\n5 And the huge one... Clinton helped arm ISIS. Yes you read that correctly. Clinton was personally responsible for arms deals that put weapons into the hands of ISIS.\n\nDo you see now why the media is fabricating these scandals at this critical juncture? Do not believe the media or the polls. Remember the polls in England said that Brexit would lose by huge margins all the way to the very day of the vote, but it didn't lose. The English people took their country back. WE CAN TOO! Vote Trump for God's sake, and stop this 2 party charade that is run by the global corporations. Make America Great Again.\n\n(You may copy paste this to your social medias if you like)", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1912469", "score": 0.6421796679496765, "text": "Reminder of Last Prophet's words from May 13, 2007: \n\n#CIA Disinformation burying Information about End Times Information about Google \n\n**Disinformation about End Times Information, from May 12, 2007** \nOn this article in Digg.com \"Google statement announcing polices on remembering information on searches\": \n\"*.. to anonymize our server logs after 18 –24 months. We’re the only leading search company to have taken this step publicly.* \n*We believe it’s an important part of our commitment to respect user privacy while balancing a number of important factors.*\" \n\n\n... the third comment from Last Prophet MattMarriott: \nAll these handles telling you that \"Google is Government controlled\" are in fact CIA psy-ops. \n\n\nThe same who buried Matt Marriott's comment above, on Google vs. the Illuminati Total Control of Information, in the last leg of Illuminati End Times, 1998-2007: \n\n\n***Notes*** \n(1) Short after the first comment (you will have to click the \"show comment\" link at the right from the \"MattMarriott\" to show it, it is buried), the CIA psy-ops buried it with -16 diggs.\n\n(2) This shows how important it is for the CIA psy-ops to bury the truth about Google, so they can continue to sell without being disturbed their disinformation, i.e. \"Google is controlled by the government\".\n\n(3) Since Digg.com is NOT controlled by the government, this also shows how easy it is for the Web of Disinformation to destroy free speech in such a site, using software platforms to count votes, also when the program that counts them is not rigged... \n\n\n(4) That again is part of the terror and disinformation agenda \"everything is controlled by the government\".\nAlmost everything in Illuminatiland... but NOT everything.\n\n(5) An illustration from the very same day, May 11: the illuminati were forced to include, in this satanic ceremony, with Barbara Bush, GW Bush and his \"mother\", the Queen of England, the horrible line admitting that they don't even control everything in the family of Elizabeth II, beginning with the young man it would be more important to control now. \n\n\n(6) True, the illuminati control the sheep, but that is now solely because of the sheep's total brainwash, not because of illuminati enlightenment. \n\n\n\nAll in *Blog* \n", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1875791", "score": 0.6421436667442322, "text": "Never FORGET! \n\nThis cuck was exposed during the wikileaks release as a self admitted hack!!!! (Podesta Email 12681) thank you Breitbart.\n\n“Because I have become a hack I will send u the whole section that pertains to u.” \n\n\n\nNow working at the New York Slimes and sits in on the Sean \"Spicey\" Spicer's press briefings asking hack questions.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2246540", "score": 0.6419933438301086, "text": "For a small period i got pretty wrapped up into Know More News and Lift the Veil, two great conspiracy sources which unfortunately IMO refrain from mentioning the greater truth.\n\nOn the surface, their information is pretty important stuff, detailing known connections between high ranking officials and Israel. It attempts to paint a picture of a secret Jewish Cabal that runs the world with such impunity it mocks the entire system with a spectacle of lies.\n\nOur politicians are nothing but victims of blackmail and bribery, caught in a foreign criminal network's clutches. \n\nThere is one great flaw with this idea. Now, before i cast blame or before im called a shill, Ive been blocked from most Reddit spheres for being very vocal about the Israeli 9/11 connections.\n\nThe most glaring example evident to me was the 9/11 dancing Israeli photographs.\n\nTheir official story was they were there to document the event. \n\nOur politicians were just blackmailed pawns.\n\nBut hold up.\n\nWho is to say the same isnt true for Israel? Bibi spent a long time in the United States prior to running the nest. In all that time, who is to say he isn't a plant as well? Are we really expected to believe he would be so brazen as to brag about it, and that happens to be caught on tape? How convenient.\n\nSame with the dancing Israelis. That reads of blackmail operations. Word has it some were connected via the new York art schools, we know their connections to the pedophile underground are rampant. We are to believe the most sophisticated network in the world put people out in eyesight flicking lighters, laughing, and taking 60+ photographs? All with them smiling and happy go lucky care free? That sounds pretty dumb to me. Sounds like some kids got sucked into the blackmail network.\n\nReality is, if one takes a good look at what Israel actually is, by and large its a money laundering operation for corrupt politicians and a back up plan for pedophiles around the country. Ultra religious people do not run the roost. It is evident that pedophiles do. I'm not saying there isnt crossovers, but pedophilia is the problem, not Jews. \n\nBut i will never apologize for thinking that some once were, just as I would never fault other countries for blaming America, etc. Truthfully, as a body of people, both Americans and Israelis are failing the kids alike. You can name a laundry list of other countries around the world, too. \n\nBut if we are to point fingers, we should do so at everyone involved top to bottom, as it is truly a Mithra if ever there once was. Epstein was done years ago. His arrest is more clown theater. But if we keep thinking the enemy is thousands of miles away, we will keep believing there is nothing that can be done.\n\nJust my opinion\n\n\nNo no. Its all too convenient. A good study of the North Fox Island pedophile network (later branching onto the pedophile information exchange,, in itself a high ranking blackmailing operation revolving around a S2R chain).", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1911641", "score": 0.6419926285743713, "text": "I happened to stumble upon a website that has a bevy of in-depth information on Government links to pedophilia and child ritual abuse. There's even some suggestion that Podesta is linked to JonBenet's murder, there's evidence of the Clintons, Broward County Police....FBI and other detailed involvements. \n\n\nThere's some indepth analysis and many documents and letters contained here. \n\nI'm not professing to know a lot - but if anyone is researching this area - either here or on 8Chan - I'd highly recommend you check this out. I think that with Wikileaks, emails and these documents, there is a strong chance we can collate them all into a bigger picture. \n\nWebsite: \n wordpress.com/2018/04/\n\nOther document with much research material:\n\n document/d/1IM4laYYv88MKQlMH_ ZiADjON2p098IQ88MM3_lWNt0Y/edit\n\nWarning: There are images that may be disturbing to some people, so please be mindful of this when scanning through the site. \n\nGod Bless Q, God bless POTUS and God protect the children. \n\nI've not direct linked the sites, please copy and paste to your own browser - remove any spaces I've intentionally left. Thanks \n\nEven ‘Seven news Australia’ journo’s are getting excited. Apparently a number if mainstream journo’s around the world are also.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1911744", "score": 0.641926646232605, "text": "Details from their G20 meeting were as contradictory as I'd expected. The results are a suggested Joint Cyber Squad (basically D.O.A. for obvious reasons), a ceasefire in Syria (which the military wasn't consulted on, may be D.O.A.), Lavrov claiming Trump accepted Putin's \"we didn't do it,\" (disputed by the Trump WH), a whole mess of confusion and uncertainty. \n\nWe know Putin is pissed that their embassy compounds have not been returned. All previous sanctions stand. There was the floated idea of Russia kicking out US diplomats and seizing compounds over there.\n\nI have to assume this meeting didn't please Putin. Could this be why the Trump Jr. story has now surfaced? Based on a long-forgotten/repressed/undisclosed meeting from last June? It's possible that this is a piece of the leverage Putin has on Trump's people. It's possible that the \"damaging Clinton/DNC information\" promised to Goldstone and Trump Jr. doesn't really exist-- or it does exist, ready to be deployed via WL or elsewhere when the time is right-- '18 elections perhaps? \n\nI just wonder where this story has been this whole time, and why it has surfaced now, just days after their confusing meeting and conflicting results. I think back to a Russian official announcing just after the election that there were multiple contacts between their people and the Trump campaign, which the incoming admin vehemently denied (falsely). I think back to having TASS be the sole media privy to the Lavrov/Kislyak meeting at the WH. I think about Flynn's sanctions-talking calls with Kislyak and the leverage they gave Russian intel over Flynn, and therefore the Trump admin, in the early days of the presidency. \n\nThese could all be examples of outright trolling. There's probably many more I'm forgetting. I'm really feeling that Putin's regime could be the source of various leaks-- not simply ones that damaged Clinton during the campaign, but ones that have begun to damage Trump now that he's in power. They've been playing all sides at various times, whenever it's convenient.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1555205", "score": 0.6416347622871399, "text": "upper-decking-- commonly performed at parties, hotels, and evictions-- is taking a dump in the storage tank reservoir attached above an USA standard toilet bowl. such a menace often plagues inhabitants for weeks while decomposing half submerged and fully undetected in the VIP box seat where nobody thinks to look-- and even once they do, they still have to scoop it. to pardon Snowden and Manning, instruct the UK to release Assange and leak compromising CIA materiel before leaving the White House would be without question the greatest, most devastating upper-deck the world has ever known-- and I've known some real killers. Trump has **nothing** to lose and everything to gain, but he doesn't have the balls for it.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-107491", "score": 0.6416332125663757, "text": "Yes it is to get additional media coverage, the leaks are not just about giving information to the public they are also trying to push a political message at the same time, in order to do this they spin the media.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-323464", "score": 0.641626238822937, "text": "[Here](_URL_0_) is a video explaining the mass of data. Take home is that the entire internet weights about as much as a strawberry...", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2591780", "score": 0.6415663957595825, "text": "Now we know which news sources are lying/paid off and which ones aren't. A list should be compiled so that we know to never trust those particular financial news sources again. It's still shocking at how many I used to read that I now know for a fact are full of it.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1912406", "score": 0.6415305137634277, "text": "As fun as it isn't to take the piss out of a nation of kneelers with royal soymilk all over their faces, what are the facts surrounding this case? I no longer trust and news media source because they're all a bunch of frothing cucks/have jobs and no time to do real journalism. \n\n\n\nIf count dankula is completely innocent on free speech grounds, wouldn't 4chan/8chan/anonymous/one of these memetic titans have flexed their Internet muscle?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-216710", "score": 0.6414423584938049, "text": "In history\\-related gossip, it seems as though everybody's favourite imperialist historian has gotten into [a bit of hot water](_URL_0_), eh? TLDR: Stanford's \\(specifically the Hoover Institute's\\) Niall Ferguson has been caught getting his research assistant to help sabotage a student committee by digging up dirt on a left\\-leaning student. All in the service of free speech, of course.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1499105", "score": 0.6411461234092712, "text": "*It seems kinda ironic that the people who blast Julian Assange for 'treason' or 'terrorism' conveniently forget that America initiated unlawful and misdirected force against Afghanistan and Iraq for the 9/11 bombings. Not to mention the fact that the CIA has been using some 'less than conventional' methods for information extraction and our very own law enforcement has been terrorizing protestors since the civil rights era.\n\n*But of course holding government accountable for their actions is far far worse than any of the above actions\n\n**edit**I am not saying that Bush himself is a terrorist, but out of the two (Julian Assange and George W. Bush) is it safe to say that Bush is the one who has done more wrong doing. Sorry for any misunderstanding, in reality I do not think either can be classified as a terrorists and the word terrorist has become what the word Communist became back in the 1950s\n\n**edit2** It is clear i misspoke. Allow me to reframe the question *without* the word terrorist in it as it is, as \nconspicuousmarsupial pointed out, vague and loaded. Does anyone find it ironic that the people in government who attempt to blacklist Julian Assange as a threat to the international community seem to have done more damage themselves and are also the ones who stand to lose the most from government transparency? (last part taken from another post)", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1911313", "score": 0.6410323977470398, "text": "(July 25, 2018) \"The 'Guerilla' Wikipedia Editors Who Combat Conspiracy Theories\" \n\nWhat news like this portends worries me. Of course these battles of censorship have been fought for many years. It feels as though the increase lately has been substantial.\n\n&gt;As a member of the skeptical movement, Gerbic is committed to promoting critical thinking, scientific inquiry, and empirical evidence—particularly when it comes to fringe ideas. In 2010, she started a Wikipedia project to “improve skeptical content” on the crowdsourced encyclopedia, by writing new articles about topics like people who claim to have supernatural abilities and improving existing ones about groups like those who believe the Earth is flat.\n\n&gt;Today, the Guerrilla Skepticism on Wikipedia project has more than 120 volunteer editors from around the world, each of whom Gerbic has recruited and trained herself. They’re collectively responsible for some of the site’s most heavily trafficked articles on topics like scientology, UFOs, and vaccines.\n\n\nFrom article (1/2018) \"A 'Heretic's' Complaint - Just Who Put 'Skeptics' in Charge of 'Science' Anyway?\"\n\n&gt;In recent decades we have seen the emergence of a very militant and vociferous group of people, many of them in positions of influence in the media and academia, who call themselves \"skeptics.\" Claiming that science is under assault by hordes of ignorant, superstitious peasants who are so credulous that they actually take seriously things like the existences of a supreme being and a spiritual realm, or UFOs, cryptids, and government conspiracies, the \"skeptics,\" really debunkers, regularly denounce such silly superstitions...\n\n&gt;When someone reports a UFO, a cryptid, or a paranormal experience the debunkers often claim that there must be some \"logical\" explanation. They are being dishonest - they mean a conventional explanation, one that does not challenge the status quo and its reigning paradigm. The conventional explanation may or may not be logical. And they are fond of saying that \"extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.\" In reality, any claim of any kind requires evidence to prove or disprove it. And who decides what constitutes an extraordinary claim? who gets to decide what evidence is extraordinary? Obviously, the debunkers feel that they are the ones who have this authority, and any claim counter to the reigning paradigm is \"extraordinary.\" Judging by the debunkers' reaction to UFO reports, no amount of evidence is sufficient to class as \"extraordinary,\" for the existence of UFOs has been proven beyond all doubt by astronaut and pilot reports, photos and videos...\n\n...\n\n&gt;I cannot address the motives of these debunkers; for all I know they may be absolutely sincere true believer in status quo explanations for everything. But it is almost uncanny how academia, government agencies, and the mainstream media seem to want us all to believe in statin drugs, chemotherapy, and vaccines (all very profitably for the pharmaceutical industry). We are repeatedly told that man-caused global warming is a dire threat, that JFK was killed by a lone gunman, that UFOs do not exist, and that neo-Darwinism explains evolution. And the \"skeptics\" reliably preach this party line. If scientism is a kind of religion, the debunkers resemble the Inquisition.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2246061", "score": 0.6409704685211182, "text": "The other day I posted this thread discussing Google's knowledge of the Podesta leak IP addressed. In that thread it was suggested that Google may be hiding this information because it indicated a much bigger problem for them if there was indeed a Russian hack.\n\nIn December it was revealed by Yahoo that up to one billion accounts were possibly hacked and the data in those account compromised. I was as amazed as everyone else to discover that Yahoo has 1 billion active users, but also relieved that they had identified the problem and had begun taken steps to contain it and correct for it. They have noticeably stepped up the security for their user accounts and I was happy to see the levels of verification my spam account now required for me to access.\n\nHere are statistics regarding Google's user base; (note - these *can be found here*\n\n* Total users: 1 billion\n* Avg. Monthly unique users of Gmail smartphone app - 90.7 million (as of 2014)\n* % of American users accessing Gmail during work hours - 24.3% (as of 2013)\n* Number of time Gmail App has been downloaded - 1 billion \n* % of users accessing Gmail from smartphone - 75% (as of 2015)\n* Average age of Gmail User - 31\n* As of 2014 60% of mid sized companies use Gmail as their host, and 92% of small sized companies host with gmail; *data is found here*\n\nThe potential financial consequences of a pan-Google security breach is massive. If Russia (or any other foreign entity) has the ability to monitor Google's email system, this means that a foreign power is capable of monitoring the financial transactions of 60% of the mid-sized businesses in the US including Twitter, Dropbox, Box, Airbnb, Square, Uber, and Etsy. Not only could the foreign power monitor the financial activity of these companies, but also other private corporate and social communications. \n\nThe ability of a foreign power to spy on corporate and personal communication gives an opposing nation the ability to manipulate financial markets, business deals, gain personal leverage, and conduct countless acts of espionage to the detriment of the American people. Furthermore for those companies not utilizing Gmail directly (such as large fortune 50 companies) secondary access can be gained through private accounts and communication. \n\n**If** the DNC and Podesta were hacked by Russia or any other foreign power it is a disastrous state of affairs which Google may be keeping secret.\n\nIf Google is aware of Russian hacking, why are they not communicating that knowledge to their user base?\n\nIf Google was not hacked, why are they not coming forward to confirm this? \n\n*******\n*edit; spelling n stuff*", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-41267", "score": 0.6409354209899902, "text": "Incidentally, PBS just released a pretty good explanation of the whole thing: _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1499572", "score": 0.6408331394195557, "text": "A long time ago, I used to think that with the internet, different cultures would be exposed to each other that previously weren't. Bad ideas would be exposed, and humanity would be better overall. I was wrong.\n\nI didn't count on human psychology. Humans naturally form 'tribal' groups even online. They protect their beliefs from harm - exposing them opposing beliefs can strengthen, instead of weaken their beliefs\n\nThis applies to everyone, but there are many rapidly growing movements on the right that are very disturbing.\n\n* You have Q followers who are becoming mainstream. There are politicians who openly admit they are followers of this disturbing cult. If you want to see some of the damage this cult causes go to the subreddit called QAnonSurvivors. It's horrifying.\n* There are people who (from the moment Trump said it) believe that election fraud happened. Trump didn't offer evidence at the time yet they believed it because they trust their authority figure. When *republican* judges knock down the shoddy cases, it's because those judges are also corrupt, or it's just fake news. I've heard figures between 50% and 70% of republicans believe fraud happened. Just to point out some of the absurd beliefs here - some of them believe the **CIA** was guarding servers connected to voting machines in Frankfurt, Germany that contained evidence of US election fraud, and this facility was raided, on German soil by American Special Forces, 5 of which **died** in combat (killed by the CIA!) to obtain these servers. This news came from Michael Flynn, who Trump just pardoned.\n\nThe common theme is just that these people aren't logical and have bad and inconsistent standards of evidence and will trust information if it comes from 'their' side.\n\nI'm not really looking for anything specific here, I'm just venting.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1875493", "score": 0.6408098936080933, "text": "\n\nHe also wouldn't want to explain why Julian Assange wasn't interviewed, why his tale of how Guccifer 2.0 may have transferred the DNC emails to Wikileaks is nonsensical, why his report is not definitive in stating that the GRU had hacked these emails, or in describing how Wikileaks received the emails, and why his description of the activities of the Internet Research Agency is a propagandistic sham. And his failure to clarify that Mifsud was closely affiliated with the UK Deep State is only part of a larger pattern of covering up the seditious multi-national Deep State vendetta targeting the Trump campaign and presidency.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-152153", "score": 0.6407901644706726, "text": "The main thing the Snowden leaks did was take something that was assumed in a fuzzy way \"the NSA likely does something like X\" and crystalized it into \"the NSA does this, this, and this, and these are the laws that let them do it.\" This means that people now know what rules dictate what they do and how they do it, providing more accountability. It also served to make people pay closer attention to the bills being put forward by Congress, and erase the misconception some people had that the US wasn't a surveillance state.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-6913", "score": 0.6405933499336243, "text": "What I have understood from [Citizenfour](_URL_0_) documentary, the information he released wasn't nearly everything he had access to. He simply decided to inform public just about the mass surveillance. Imo the argument that he can't do more damage now is false. Another thing is that he hasn't been charged yet thanks to asylum in Russia.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-153", "score": 0.7303964495658875, "text": "By default, after you die, everything will go to your legal next of kin. That person (or persons) is defined in this order, and if you don't have a living member of each group, it passes to the next one down: Spouse Children Parents Siblings I believe that next comes grandkids, then grandparents, but don't quote me on that. So if you don't have a spouse, but you have 3 kids and 2 parents living, your property would be split between your kids by default. And they'd inherit debts and things as well. A will exists to change these defaults. Say you have a spouse, but you still want to make sure that certain things go to your kids, your will would enumerate \"Hey, my kids get this, this and this, and my spouse gets whatever I didn't list.\"" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1580779", "score": 0.6938117146492004, "text": "I'm not rich but want to leave each of my 3 Grandchildren something. \n\nMy father left money in trust for my kids and it was a joke. The bank took out their fees and ate up any interest that could be made. I think they ended up receiving less than what was given to them.\n\nI would love to be able to trust my Granddaughter's dad, my son, with their funds but at 30 he's just starting to grow up and I'm afraid it might be tempting for him to borrow if he gets in a bind. \n\nAre there another options available where they the inheritance can be set aside until they are of age and not beeatenup with fees?\n\nThanks and any help will be greatly appreciated.\n\nEdit.\n\nThank you all so much for the information, input and time. I've got several directions to look into now. I feel much better knowing there are other options.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2634023", "score": 0.6934690475463867, "text": "Wanna put a bit of money in an account for a family member, manage it for them, and give them interest every month. How will this work for tax purposes?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1580764", "score": 0.6933938264846802, "text": "Hey all,\nMy wife and I have two wonderful daughters under the age of five, and are planning to get a will and any other necessary documentation and planning for the unlikely event that we both suddenly die.\n\nWe live close to our parents and they are active in our lives and the lives of their grandchildren. The thing is, my wife's parents were physically and emotionally abusive to her and her siblings, and walk the edge of financial abuse in their relationships with older friends and relatives. We're happy to keep a family relationship with my in-laws (this isn't a \"go no contact\" situation), but would never trust them with our kids.\n\nI know children are not an asset that you can just bequeath, but is there a way to provide similar instructions upon our death? On paper, my in-laws are well-off and upstanding members of the community. \n\nWe will be meeting a lawyer at some point in drafting a will, so we plan to ask then, but my understanding is this might be family law rather than inheritance law, so would we need to see a specialist?\n\nThe \"non-legal\" approach we have considered is having my wife write up a letter documenting the abusive episodes in her past and giving it (notarized? sealed?) to trusted parties to use if this unlikely case occurs. Downsides are this feels like libel/slander/defamation/whatever, seems icky and underhanded, and might not work in court anyway?\n\nThank you for any help you can give me. This has been a minor cause of stress for us ever since our kids were born", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1581710", "score": 0.6932786107063293, "text": "Edited to add that this applies in England, UK.\n\nA few years ago my father passed away. My parents had what I believe are called 'back to back' wills (whichever one of them survies the other gets everything) but when it came to their house it turns out, according to the bank that the mortgage was with (paid off many many years ago), my mother was never named on the deeds. She assumed that the ownership of the house would pass to her but the bank is saying \"no\" and that she'll have to enter into probate (if that's the right term) and pay money to get the deeds transferred into her name. At the time the advice we were given (my and my brother are next of kin to her) was that to leave it alone and just deal with it at the point my mother passes. So that's what we did.\n\nAs she's getting on herself she's keen to get her affairs a bit more in order but we are unsure of what, if any, steps we should take while she is still alive to make the process more straightforward (and cheaper!) in the event of her death (put simply her will passes everything to my brother and I, 50/50)\n\nAlso, she says that the bank are saying that even my father's name isn't on the deeds (or registered with the Land Registry) which seems a bit bizarre as surely the solictor at the time they bought the house (took on the mortgage) would've had to do that as part of due dilligence?\n\nAny advice would be greatly appreciated.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1730438", "score": 0.6926396489143372, "text": "Not married or even engaged, just really curious how this works when two people have large amounts of pre-marital moneys in say retirement accounts, assuming these are never comingled during the marriage. I know gains/interest on this money is split in a divorce but how does it work?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1302452", "score": 0.692097008228302, "text": "Our entire marriage my non-working spouse has had control of the finances, including moving our savings to a different account (funded by my paycheck). When they did this, they transferred $ to an account opened under their name only. I found myself needing money for legal expenses and want access to my money in \"our\" savings. Currently have no contact (court ordered) with spouse, am I legally entitled access to this account without them needing to be involved?", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1581578", "score": 0.691484272480011, "text": "This has been answered-ish in the past year or so on here, but the only thing that wasn't clear was the possibility of being taxed?\n\nMy father passed away this past May and he didn't have a ton of assets (also, my parents have been divorced for about 22 years). While looking through his documents and whatnot, we found he had an account with $40k or so in there - my two sisters and I are splitting this. It's under my younger sister's name (she had no idea about it!)\n\nThis will divide to a little over $16k each. I believe my sister is going to get cashier's checks to split it up.\n\nWhen I go to cash this check will I need to claim this in some form as income or as a gift or is this just as simple as cashing grandma's $20 birthday check? I bank with the devil, Wells Fargo. (Switching to a CU soon)", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1303467", "score": 0.6909298896789551, "text": "If I set up family sharing, what of mine will family members have access to? How does it work?", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1581449", "score": 0.6907851099967957, "text": "Hi,\n\nMy wife and I have savings accounts for our two children and annually receive gifts in the form of checks made out to both children from our family that are intended to be contributed to their accounts for education, general savings, and other needs specific to our children. \n\nI am wondering if someone can advise on using these accounts to pay for things like monthly daycare expenses, preschool tuition, tutoring, physical therapy (one of our children has special needs) etc. Is there anything we need to do to ensure there isn't a problem with us using these accounts to pay for these types of things? I know that's the intent of the gifts, but don't want to risk any sort of issues with doing this before we use the accounts in this manner.\n\nThanks!", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1581616", "score": 0.6907508969306946, "text": "My SOs Mom passed away. She was mentally ill and basically wrote a new will depending on who she was mad at during any certain time. They have multiple will copies, each are official and notorized. Beyond that, there is no formal trust or anything like that established. SOs Mom was married to her step dad. He is from Germany and is considering moving back home. Our question is how can my SO protect her inheritance? Of course her step dad should keep everything until he passes, but what then? He has no kids and says he will leave everything to my SO and her brother, but how do you get this in writing? We have a meeting set up with a lawyer, but wanted to get some advise so we aren't going in clueless. \n\nWe live in Colorado if that effects the law.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1580267", "score": 0.6904520392417908, "text": "There are a few things I'd like to know about, that I haven't been able to find much on with my limited google-fu.\nFirst, how would inheritance be tax handled if most of someone's worth was in property, e.g. if someone had £20 worth of property, but only £1 of liquid assets. \nSecondly, If I was to leave said property to a child, who then got married and then divorced, the child's ex-spouse would probably get half of what I've left to my child. Is there any way to avoid this?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1580929", "score": 0.6904375553131104, "text": "I’m 24F. My father passed away two weeks ago. I am his only child, and he was not married. I have been trying to navigate all of the (very overwhelming) legal hoops that I have had to jump through since his death. It’s been a lot.\n\n A neighbor of my grandpa is a newly graduated Estate attorney, and she has been so kindly giving me advice through this process. I asked her the question that I have posted below, and she was unsure of the answer, so I thought maybe I could ask a more experienced estate attorney who might have come across a case like this before. Here goes:\n\nI went to my dad’s bank last week to notify them of his death, and they informed me that I am listed as a joint account owner on his bank account, which I did not know before. \n\nThrough quite a bit of research, I was able to find out that he has ~$7000 in medical and credit card bills. He also has ~$7000 in the checking account. My question is this: Because I am listed as a joint account holder, does the money in this bank account now count as “mine”, so it can bypass being considered part of the estate, or am I legally required to pay my dad’s debt with this money? I am not planning on going through a probate process, or any kind of formal legal process like that, as his estate is worth less than $100,000. I am in Utah. Thank you.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1581984", "score": 0.690348207950592, "text": "I'll try and keep it short and sweet (throwaway btw). In Victoria\n\nFiance's wife passed away 7 years ago.\n\nShe knew she was dying so her and F set up the house they were going to build as a Family Trust. So technically, according to F he doesn't even own it, his kids do.\n\nI came in 5 years ago and have moved into the role of primary carer for his children. I run the household, look after the children and have my own job. I look after the kids more than F does and I consider them my own. We have a great relationship.\n\nI do not own any property and make **far** less money than he does. \n\nI am very, very worried about what would happen to me if F passes away. He has told me flat out that the way he and his late wife set it up that I have no claim to the house and that all his assets go to his children. At the moment they are all minors so the decisions of what happens will be made by F's wife's father. \n\nBasically as I understand it if he drops off the perch now the father (children's grandfather) could kick me out of the house, take over looking after the children and I am left with no house, no money and no kids. I would have to rely on the goodwill of the children's grandparents to see the kids or live in the house I've been living in for four years now, that I helped build. \n\nThere is no mortgage on the house and I would have no intentions of selling it. If the worst happens I'd like to be able to continue living there and looking after the children. The house would ultimately be left to the kids anyway, but what would happen when they come of age and decide they want to live there (very unlikely but another thing I worry about)\n\nDoes this sound right or am I being taken for a ride?", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2038978", "score": 0.6901000142097473, "text": "Settlement conference time. Wife left 3 years ago after almost 30 years of marriage. She moved in with her mother in the next town over. I've stayed in the family home here in California. Kids are grown: one's out of the house, other's going to local college and lives at home. \n\nBasic math on the family's net worth has multiple retirement accounts (mix of my own 401(k) and individual IRAs) and substantial equity in the family home. If all home value/debt goes to one spouse, the remaining bulk of the retirement accounts can go to the other spouse for a 50/50 split. Pretty typical split: house to one, money to the other. But in this case the house will go to me, cash to spouse. She's never saved a dime in her life, so the draw of having huge amounts in cash is more attractive to her than having the house. I'm the one that amassed all the retirement savings/earnings and I'll probably do it again, just on a smaller scale since I don't have 30 years to accumulate this time around. I've always highly valued being a home owner, so the family home is very important to me. Also a relatively low mortgage means I can survive a better quality of life if I keep the residence as it is. Mortgage owner bank has a process to remove one spouse after a divorce decree, so a refinance isn't necessary.\n\nAm I nuts for opting for the house instead of retirement assets? I'll get to keep one 401(k) from an old employer, but it's not sufficient to fund retirement just yet. I'm 10 years away from official retirement so I figure I can start dumping money into my current 401(k). In the event that I have to, or want to, liquidate the home there's $250K exclusion from federal tax on capital gains, so that's a favorable benefit that the retirement accounts don't enjoy.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1579939", "score": 0.6894978284835815, "text": "My wife and I took a personal loan from my parents when we bought a bank repo house. As a condition, they asked to be placed on the title at the time of purchase but said that they would remove themselves when we have satisfied their loan to us. We have since paid them back but didn't deem urgent the removal of their names until now as they are considering divorce. I definitely don't want to complicate their issues and I foresee it getting ugly so I really need to get their names off of the title ASAP. The only thing I can think of is to do a quit-claim deed but, I'm not sure what wording to use so that I don't have to pay undue taxes? They aren't actually giving us a gift as we did pay them back with interest. Any advice would be greatly appreciated!\nThank you!\n\nJust in case: My wife and I do have a mortgage but my parents on not on the loan as borrowers so none of this will have an affect on my mortgage.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1579675", "score": 0.6894693970680237, "text": "My MIL passed away on thanksgiving and did not have a will, we are located in PA. My wife is her only daughter and it was just those two for the majority of her life so she doesn't really have another person in the family to ask about many details in terms of her mother's finances. Her mother did not have much debt that we know of, but she owned a house(I believe owes around $10 grand still) and has a few different life insurance policies that we found. I was wondering how my wife should go about figuring out those life insurance policies as she said some of them don't have working numbers or seem to not even exist anymore(I can get specifics if needed) and I was also wondering if there is any risk of the government wanting to take the house? We would like to keep the house. Also, one of the life insurance companies' customer service members mentioned something about the policy expiring on Dec 31st and no funds could be obtained after that.\n\nTo summarize I have a few main questions: \n1. Should we get a lawyer and what is the typical cost for tasks like this? \n2. Is there a specific time frame that we need to figure out the life insurance in? \n3. Are there any debts we may need to pay/how would we find them? \n4. Is there anything my wife needs to do to make sure the house goes to her? There isn't anybody in her family that will argue with her over the possession of the house. Any other tips are greatly appreciated, we are pretty lost", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1581079", "score": 0.6891624927520752, "text": "So, 5 years ago my father died of cancer, naturally he left everything to my step mother of 25 years. She had no children, split his life insurance with me and gave me some of his belongings he wanted me to have.\n\nNow, she has passed too. She lived in KY and I live in WA. She had no children (other than me). Her parents are deceased, but she has 3 brothers (all who live in other states) and 1 sister.\n\nI do not know who is executor of her will and I don't know how to find out. I'm not sure what or if anything has been left to me, but I would like to think that I'm entitled to the house and at least some of the bank account? My father left her a lot of money when he passed, and she has barely spent a dime of it. I understand her brothers and sister are more \"next of kin\" than I am, but most of her belongings were previously my fathers so......\n\nAlso, I dont see any of her brothers flying into KY from out of state since there will be no funeral or services. Just a cremation and thats it.\n\nI will be flying to KY to try and take care of what I can as far as cleaning her house and grabbing some sentimental items that were my fathers that I couldnt bring back home with me when he passed, little stuff like photo albums and whatnot.\n\nAny advice for me?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1582148", "score": 0.6891542077064514, "text": "My wife’s father has just passed away and did not have a will. She is the only child of his. He had an ex wife who’s name is on the title but was not awarded any part of the house during their divorce settlement.\n\nWould my wife inherit his full estate or have to share it with her fathers ex wife?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1139722", "score": 0.6891128420829773, "text": "Pretty simple really. All accounts, possessions etc. will go to sister (out of state.) One unincorporated lot in Utah. No debts.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1581841", "score": 0.6888840198516846, "text": "I will ask this in more detail with an attorney at some point, but I'm just gathering a few facts now so I can start wrapping my head around all this. It's a bit of a freak-out for me - apologies if I'm asking inappropriately!\n\nI'm dying - *dying* - to move out, then at some point filing for divorce (after 17 years). In addition to some other big issues (the kid, cost, debts), if I do move does this hurt my odds of getting a share of the property value later? \n\nOne of our problems is, even though we both contribute and pay taxes jointly and have done so for 17 years, she is completely certain that the house is 100% \"hers\" (it was originally from her father, though it's been refinanced several times while we've been married), and constantly reminds me of it and often accuses me (or my parents) of trying to \"take\" \"her\" house. She pays the mortgage (about 1/3 the house value) from her checkbook - so my \"name isn't on the house\" (as if there are staff examining checks for who the signer was). She also makes about 2x my income, and treats me like a freeloading roommate whom she must support (I \"only\" make about 75K); she will buy herself nice things like a new car or a new bed (I sleep on a futon in a back cabin - she got herself a super nice frame and mattress, and I had to sneak to buy myself a sheet of freaking plywood to put under the pad)...\n\nOK, I'll resist the temptation to unload further. So - any thoughts on the property question?\n\nTHANK YOU\n\nTL;DR. Married in California 17 years, filing taxes jointly - do I lose rights to the property value if I move out now? If this is the wrong question, what question SHOULD I be asking?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-155", "score": 0.789508044719696, "text": "A calorie is a physical measure of energy - specifically, the amount of energy needed to heat one metric mililitre of water by one degree Celsius. Energy in food intake is also measured in this way, though the terms kilocalorie and calorie are often used interchangably, which can cause confusion. But yes, no matter where it comes from, one calorie always represents the exact same amount of energy. However, a difference you *can* make is that some foods will allow the energy that is within them to be absorbed more efficiently or more quickly, which can lead to varying results. (Edit courtesy of Neo6874: One calorie heats one millilitre by one degree Celsius. One kilocalorie heats one litre by one degree Celsius.)" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-152723", "score": 0.7479296922683716, "text": "Soft drinks that contain zero cals are usually sweetened with aspartame. 200x stronger than sugar so really you only need a very small amount. Also soft drinks are basically carbonated flavoured water....which on its own is 0 cals. Food is dense, so it has more aspects which bring about more calories. Nearly impossible to do so as food in nearly every form has calories", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-166651", "score": 0.7479044198989868, "text": "Calories are energy. When you digest food, you are breaking down the bonds between each particle, releasing energy that is taken by the body to do work. From a mathematical standpoint, 1 Calorie = 1 Kilo calorie (scientific energy) = 1000 calories (notice the lowercase) = 4184 joules. The [number of Calories in a portion of food] (_URL_1_) can be determined by the energy of its chemical bonds (which must be broken / burned) through their literal burning in [bomb calorimeter] (_URL_0_), a container in which an item is burned and the released heat is carefully measured and calculated into Calories. Edit: 1 calorie = 4.18 joules, 1000 calories = 4184 joules", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-293642", "score": 0.7476028203964233, "text": "The number of Calories in a food or drink specifically refers to the amount of energy obtainable by metabolizing the item, *not* the sum total of the energy contained in it. The stuff within the food that we can't digest, whilst nevertheless containing energy, won't contribute to the food's Calorie count.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1479991", "score": 0.7472655773162842, "text": "So I've been working on diet changes recently and a change I made several months ago was to drink way more water and stop drinking calories, but that leads me to my question. \nShould I be drinking only water or is there a notable benefit to drinking a glass of milk, orange juice, etc? Also, since google never seems to give me a good answer for this, does zero calorie soda actually negatively effect you? I usually have a diet soda every day or two because of it's 0 calorie nature, but I'm wondering if I should work on kicking that habit as well. \n\nTL;DR: Is drinking calories with actual nutritional value a bad thing?", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-38300", "score": 0.7463627457618713, "text": "Calories is a unit of energy. Carbohydrates release energy as you eat food. This energy if not used straight away is stored as fat and other molecules. Think of carbohydrates as an income and calories as money. If you receive too much income than you can spend you store the rest of the income in the bank (fat) for a rainy day.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-166720", "score": 0.7450792789459229, "text": "A calorie is a unit of energy, the amount of heat it takes to raise 1 kg of water 1 degree celcius. Each food calorie is technically a kilocalorie, containing 1,000 calories. The number of calories in basic nutrients (fat, carbohydrate, etc) has was long ago established by literally burning them and measuring the rise in water temperature, so when new processed foods are produced, those nutrient levels are measures and the food's calorie content is counted.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-42139", "score": 0.7446901202201843, "text": "A calorie is a specific amount of chemical energy - enough power to do a small job. When you eat or drink something with no calories, that means that your body is not getting any fuel from that food. Those foods won't help power your body or get saved for later as fat because they don't contain anything the body can use that way, even though you might get things like water or vitamins that the body needs.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-93590", "score": 0.7442111968994141, "text": "We aren't measuring how much energy is in the food, we're measuring how much energy your body can get out of the food. Your body can't extract energy from water, so it has 0 calories.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1434748", "score": 0.7439925074577332, "text": "I hope this will make sense to everyone \n\nBasically, I'm a total newbie to CICO. Hadn't heard of it until super recently when I started browsing this sub (before committing to my own weightloss journey as well). \n\nMy question is, does CICO mean that a calorie = a calorie? For example, for me, for dinner I've been having a grilled sandwich (2 pieces of 60 calorie whole wheat bread and 1 slice of swiss cheese) almost every day. Is this okay? Does it matter that it's bread and cheese? As in, will the fact that it's bread and cheese stop my weightloss?\n\nSimilarly, today I had eaten almost nothing since I slept in, so I had a small muffin (which was 400 calories, holy shit) but that muffin kept me completely full (as much as a 400 calorie meal would) since my appetite has decreased so much since starting to lose weight. Is this okay?", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-124927", "score": 0.7426947951316833, "text": "Calorie is a term of energy measurment. Some things simply provide no energy for your body, such as certain minerals, dietary fiber, and other compounds that our body cannot convert to energy", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-62647", "score": 0.7421686053276062, "text": "Calories are measured with a calorimeter. It is basically a machine with a chamber where the subject of study is locked in, and it is surrounded by water. The subject is then literally lit on fire, and the water temperature change is measured. Calories are just an amount of energy released during digestion. Note that any food packaging listing calories is actually listing kilocalories. I have chocolate from Peru and it lists the values in kcal. I guess (in at least North America) they figured telling people a slice of bread is 100,000 calories would scare them.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-170222", "score": 0.7418264150619507, "text": "Calories are a way of measuring the metabolic energy which can be derived from the consumed food substance. Water, while necessary for life as a solvent, does not confer any metabolic energy and so has no calories. To make an analogy consider engine oil vs gasoline. If you have no lubrication for your engine it won't work, but the engine only uses gasoline for powering movement.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-124632", "score": 0.7415341734886169, "text": "Calories are a measure of the chemical energy your body can derive from something. In a carbohydrate, fat, protein or alcohol molecule, your body can break the chemical bonds for energy, but it cannot do that to a water molecule.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-80144", "score": 0.7410240173339844, "text": "Calories is the term we use to define the energies we introduce in our body with food, that means the energies that we get from the food nutrients. There are different types of nutrients those that give energy to our system like carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, and those that don't give energies but help our body to work properly like water, mineral salts and vitamines. For those that give energies to our body like carbohydrates for istance, once you introduce them to your body, they end up in your adipose tissue, if you assimilate too much they will end up stacking up and therefore you'll gain weight and get obese eventually, if you don't assimilate enough on the other hand, your body will use as a form of energy those that are already stacked in your adipose tissue, and therefore you will lose wight.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-13045", "score": 0.7406444549560547, "text": "As opposed to...what? Do you have any particularly reasoning why this shouldn't or isn't the case? Protein, fats, and carbs are the sources of food energy that our body can utilize. If something can be digested for energy, then it can have a measured caloric value. Edit: To answer your clarification. You don't metabolize vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes for energy. They have other purposes.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2763377", "score": 0.7402639389038086, "text": "I ask because even if a diet soda says it has zero calories I believe they can get away with saying that as long as it has less than 5 calories per serving. If I consume any calories, regardless of their source, that means I'm not fasting and am just restricting caloric intake, right?", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-82584", "score": 0.7400819063186646, "text": "Well, its all just chemistry. Calories, for example, are a measure of energy, and the food in question is freeze dried, crushes, and burned to determine how many calories are in it. Fats are often are measured by centrifuging the food sample, which makes the fats go to the top of the water, and then the amount of it is measured. Sugars are often measured by using light and how much the liquid containing the sugar is refracted, the more sugar, the more the light bends. Other specific things like vitamins are measured by adding a specific substance that reacts with the vitamin in question, and the content can be determined by the products of the reaction.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-105826", "score": 0.7392613291740417, "text": "When we're talking about calories, this is just energy. So from an energy perspective, 200 calories of cake and 200 calories of banana are the same. Humans can't run on energy alone. The rest of our bodily processes need other nutrients to work properly. If this is the context, then that 200 calorie sip of a smoothie (srsly, they're tons of calories) could be better than a diet soda.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-109844", "score": 0.7382080554962158, "text": "A calorie is a unit of energy. The traditional calorie is equal to about 4.2 joules, but the calorie you see listed on food packaging is actually a kilocalorie, or 1000 calories, so it's equal to about 4200 joules. Either way, though, it's a measure of the energy that something has (or, in the case of food, the amount of energy that can reasonably be extracted from it by your body).", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-276646", "score": 0.7381047010421753, "text": "Calories are just a unit of energy, nothing more. One calorie is the amount of energy needed to heat one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. Using calories to measure food energy is just a convention, there's no reason why you couldn't do it in joules or watt-hours. The energy content of food is estimated using the [Atwater system](_URL_0_). They estimate how much of each energy source (protein, carbohydrates, etc) are in a piece of food and use estimated average values (4 Kcal/g for protein, 4 Kcal/g for carbohydrate, and 9 Kcal/g for fat) to get an approximation of the energy content of the food.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-156", "score": 0.6439678072929382, "text": "I used to work for costumer service and we do this to make it an unpleasant experience for the costumer so that they never call again. It's the same concept as those In-mail rebates that tend to be annoying to complete. That's why I ended up quitting. I didn't like the whole idea of treating the customers bad." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1616085", "score": 0.6117649674415588, "text": "My GM and HR are making it hard to transfer right now but the commute is starting to take a toll. I live about 35 minutes away from work, which they know yet still schedule me full time of course, but live about 15 away from some that are closer. I work at a double tree and would like to transfer to a Curio but because we are so short staff and I’m a good employee I’m thinking they might deny it because they need me for business needs. They have been firing employees recently because of being caught on camera doing things they aren’t suppose to like being on computer looking things up on internet. I’m a little frustrated because I feel like if I ask to transfer they might try to fire me somehow? The GM and HR are very close and make abrupt decisions I feel are unprofessional and I’m tired of it. Anyone can help me? I’ve been written up before but maybe about two months ago for giving a cash deposit back to a scammer couple! Ugh! Please let me know what I can do. Thanks", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-322667", "score": 0.6117466688156128, "text": "It's a deliberate pause that serves two purposes. The first is that it makes it take years for someone to try all possible passwords (called a brute force attack). The second is that if the computer always responded as quickly as possible a sophisticated attacker could measure the slight difference (nanoseconds) it takes the computer to reject a password to infer how many characters in the password are correct (called a timing attack); by making all rejections take the same amount of time this information leak is plugged.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1426490", "score": 0.6117411255836487, "text": "So i was watching this video:\n\n \nAnd the computer automated voice, i really want to know what program this guy uses. Thanks", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-7234", "score": 0.6117343902587891, "text": "Three possible reasons: **1. File integrity verification:** Your computer performs an operation on the data you downloaded and compares the result to a checksum. If answer and checksum do not match, the data is corrupt. This is how your computer tells if your file's data is a completely correct copy. **2. Uncompressing:** Some optimised downloaders or protocols (usually modern ones) have built-in compression. Compression reduces file size and helps with download duration. However, to extract the raw file from a compressed one, it needs to be decompressed first. The 1% is decompressing: you may notice the 1% takes longer for bigger files. **3. Virus scan:** Modern browsers also have in-built virus scanning. The process is similar to file integrity verification, but your computer actively looks and matches for malicious code checksums.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2403300", "score": 0.6117280125617981, "text": "We lease a number of printers from a local company. We also outsourced our website design to another local company to create.\n\nA problem happened were the printers started acting pretty odd (and before anyone says it, yes latest drivers are installed). Like refusing to print some days. Taking super-long to print a couple of pages. Printing random characters on pages. I've tried everything I could think of (i.e Google-fu). Reached out to the company we lease the machines from for any advice/tips they might have. Crickets. Radio-silent.\n\nOnto the website company. Noticed our HTTPS was broken. Mentioned I believe I know the problem might just need to add a few \"s\" onto the end of the images. Heck even send me the login, and I'll do it myself (not my exact words of course). Crickets. Radio-silent.\n\nWhat am I supposed to do when its been days pushing weeks and due dates are approaching? YELLING at them to do something wont help. It has crossed my mind, maybe to look into terminating the companies relationships if I need to be asking other people to send emails on my behalf in order to get responses. But I feel like that is a bit extreme.\n\nUnrelated to printers and website, but I just find it odd that sometimes sending emails to others that I haven't met face to face yet. Responses are very... uhh not what I expect. But after meeting them face to face, that email I thought I was getting chewed out for was just how they talk in emails. I hope that makes sense if you catch my drift. Like people are more friendlier I guess once you understand there character. Just something I found different, since I guess most of IT is really communicating to people you'll probably never meet face to face. Like reddit :P\n\nWell thanks for listening to my little rant.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-139934", "score": 0.611711323261261, "text": "Part of it is monetary and the cell phone providers wanting to make more money, but it's also a matter of bandwidth. Cell towers have a limited amount of airwaves that they can send data over, which are limited by their ability to discretely send a concept via a wave and still have it understood by the receiver: _URL_0_ Landline connections have much higher signal to noise ratios, and can pump far more bandwidth. In that situation, the only limit is the technology of the switches sending the data to your house.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-18538", "score": 0.6116729378700256, "text": "It's intended to prevent their email address from being picked up by bots looking for email addresses to spam. If a poorly written program is looking for \"[email protected]\" it won't recognize \"X [at] Y [dot] com\" and they'll get less spam.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-141946", "score": 0.611655592918396, "text": "This is a security measure. If it rejects you in .1 second, you can guess 10 passwords a second. If it rejects you in 3 seconds, it takes you 30 times as long to brute force the password. In many cases, the delay will increase after multiple failed guesses as well.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-164504", "score": 0.6116359829902649, "text": "Warranty exchanges are tracked. When you trade in on a warranty in most cases, they ask (at minimum) for the credit card or receipt that you bought it under. If you don't have the former, the latter is snagged via barcode scanner and you fill out a form to exchange it. Sure, you can falsify stuff, but over time patterns do accumulate. Too many exchanges and you're flagged as an abuser. Also, if you \"lose\" a device, warranty doesn't usually apply, insurance does... and that costs extra. You usually have to bring the broken item back. **TL;DR**: They collect information to detect and flag people that abuse the system.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-349143", "score": 0.6116254925727844, "text": "This user used to be quite a famous actress in the US at one point, and is used to having life handed to her on a plate. She now owns a company.\n\n&lt; User leaves a voicemail on the support number &gt;\n\n$user's Voicemail: \"Hi, some of my incoming emails are being blocked and not coming into my inbox, your email settings are too harsh! It's ridiculous and something needs to be done!\".\n\n&lt; I log into the hosted exchange platform, and change the spam score threshold from 18 to 15, and leave her a voicemail &gt;\n\n$My voicemail reply: \"Hi $user, It's Joe from IT Company, I can see the single email you were expecting get caught in spam, the wording of the email was consistent with spam which is why it was blocked. Anyway, I have changed your spam settings to be slightly more lenient. Please call me back to discuss further...\". \n\n&lt; User then calls me &gt;\n\n$user: \"Hi it's $user from $company. No I don't want you to change my spam filter settings, please make sure you change it back\"\n\n$me: \"No problem, I've only tweaked it slightly, but I will change it back. I did see some other emails in your spam that look like spam about some domains expiring, but I'm sure it's just a company trying to get you to renew the domain's with them.\".\n\n$user: \"My domains have expired?! You guys should have been taking care of that, I bought the domains because they are very good domain names and you have lost them for good now. \"\n\n$me: \"No, if they have expired, you usually have three months to renew them.\"\n\n$user: \"But they shouldn't have expired. This is outrageous, you should have been dealing with it. I can't afford to lose those domains, I've asked several times for them to be directed to our main website but it hasn't been done. Can you take care of this? You will take care of it won't you?\".\n\n$me: \"I'll have to check with $coworker to see what had been done before.\"\n\nThe call ends, I call my coworker who cringes as soon as I mentioned the user's name. We checked the domains, they haven't expired. I find out that we never registered them, we don't maintain them, and on the one occasion that she asked us to point them to their main website, we told her we can't do it and she will need to speak to her web developer. \n\nI've worked with a few famous people before and currently and none have ever been as difficult as she is!", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1849711", "score": 0.611617386341095, "text": "I've been tasked to enter data of a hand-written inventory of various types of electronic test equipment into excel and I honestly cannot be bothered to. It would take a few hours of really boring data entry and I'd rather pay someone willing with spare time. I apologize beforehand, I know this is not the right place to ask this and for the record, excel is an awesome program.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1449906", "score": 0.6116095781326294, "text": "The part of the transfer that is \"Transferring data for Nintendo eShop\" is taking an extremely long time but something else odd is happening: my system time is going at a minute per second. I can safely assume this is odd... so yeah...", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1835866", "score": 0.611607551574707, "text": "I use a site called corrlinks.com in order to communicate with my imprisoned father via email. To log in, I'm allowed a seemingly unlimited number of login attempts. Then, only when I get the password correct, it presents me with a captcha. Is this just incompetence or is there something I'm missing?", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1060501", "score": 0.6116061806678772, "text": "When I press \"e\" for example it often does write the letter twice? Idk why, does anyone have the same Issues and maybe solutions? :)", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2342323", "score": 0.611603856086731, "text": "the only thing i can think of is if me and some coworkers work together and they log in after me and the computer still thinks its me somewhat. idk. really disappointed by the voting system tho.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1538628", "score": 0.6115964651107788, "text": "First I though that it shows the person I last called but I found that it’s fully random. Even if I go back to the contacts screen after a call and then exit the app, it happens again next time I open the app. This has been going since I got my iPhone (11), last year.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-348803", "score": 0.6115684509277344, "text": "I have to sit around here the whole day. I'm supposed to get internet installed - that means that I'm dealing with a *telecommunications company*. And somehow, in an age with GPS, cellphones, etc, they can give me zero advance notice about this? Like, I can't even go down the street to do laundry in case they show up in that ten-minute window and don't think to call my cell phone?\n\nSomebody please explain this to me.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1453414", "score": 0.6115643978118896, "text": "Got one today in my spam mail on my hotmail account. Telling me that they were investigating me and had my passphrase. They showed me my passphrase and make it look like they sent the email from my own email account. Saying that they haven't been compensated yet. I assume I'm supposed to respond and ask a bunch of questions and get suckered into giving them money to end the \"investigation\".\n\n\nWell the password is over 15 years old and I haven't used it anywhere in at least 12 years. So I assume I still have some old account out there still with that password that I haven't used in forever. For the life of me I can't think of any accounts... maybe an old Yahoo Account I use to have for playing the yahoo games on.\n\n\nThese phishing scams are getting unnerving. For people that never change their password, this is the reason you should change your passwords from time to time. Don't fall for this kind of garbage.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2058941", "score": 0.6115468740463257, "text": "I've been asking my audience to just email voice clips directly. Is there a better way to do this?", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-674945", "score": 0.6115354299545288, "text": "I submitted my info for the Muppet exchange, only to realize that my phone had auto corrected without my noticing. So now instead of talking about a bear puppet I seem to be randomly inserting Henry Winkler into the conversation. \n\nI have tried to edit my info, but it won't let me. Any having similar issues, any advice?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-157", "score": 0.7536951303482056, "text": "The water in the lake came from somewhere. Most lakes are fed by rivers and streams, or were originally parts of a river network as is the case with [oxbow lakes.](_URL_0_) A lake that was completely isolated from any other sources of water would eventually see evolutionary divergence if it had unique stressors, but there aren't many, if any, lakes like that, at least aboveground. Also a lot of lake and river fisheries are stocked by humans. Like, you'll find largemouth bass in a lot of fisheries around the world, it's especially popular in Japan, but largemouth bass are only native to North America. They were artificially introduced to fisheries elsewhere." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-139916", "score": 0.7154910564422607, "text": "Flooding washes them there, they stick to plants or animals, they come in whatever water source feeds the pond, etc. But don't overlook the simplest answer: people put them there. people love fishing and people love looking at fish and it costs just a few dollars to make an attempt to stock a pond so if there is a pond anywhere someone at some point has tried throwing some fish or some eggs in it and seeing if they take.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2326011", "score": 0.7147989273071289, "text": "Hey, I'm working on a school project involving freshwater fish, and well, the title says what I'm looking for. It seems kind of obvious that larger lakes should, all else being equal, have a higher chance of containing fish than smaller lakes, but since we're required to write a scientific report I'd like to be able to reference some studies that clearly show this, or something like an index of data so I can show it myself. Is there anything like that?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-310818", "score": 0.714229941368103, "text": "A phenomenal number of mountain lakes were actually artificially stocked - dedicated fisherman have carried little buckets of trout just everywhere, on long hikes even, and released them in all sorts of remote lakes. For lakes that do naturally have fish, almost always the fish are genetically similar to other strains of fish in adjacent rivers in the same watershed - that is, the genetic divergence pattern matches the branching patterns of the rivers that the lake drains into. This suggests fish colonize lakes from downstream. As you'd expect. But in some cases they've clearly managed to get upstream through some rapids or even up waterfalls. There's a few cases where birds are thought to have dropped eggs or entire fish (eg an osprey catches a fish, is flying back to its nest, loses hold of it; a dipper picks up some fish eggs, flies up a rapid, drops some eggs; etc).", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-184437", "score": 0.7112053632736206, "text": "First, understanding that 10% of the water contains 90% of the fish. And knowing how to find that 10%. Second, knowing that fish behavior is dependent upon season, time of day, weather today, weather tomorrow, and weather yesterday. Fish are sensitive to lunar schedules and barometric pressure. And fish in one lake will behave differently based on conditions than fish in another. And they’ll behave differently based on geography, too. Smallmouths in rocky deep water are much different from largemouths in a swamp. Of course, you might have both in the same body of water, and might not have time to go after both. And forage matters, too, as does an assessment of mood. Spinnerbaits work one day, Jig & pig the next. Some days the imitation needs to be perfect, and others it’s a matter of pissing the fish off to get a reaction. To be sure, there’s a lot of guesswork. But some people guess right a lot more frequently than others, and they get paid to do it.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-189743", "score": 0.7100122570991516, "text": "Different plants like different conditions. They’re not all the same. Some trees only grow on ridge tops while others only grow in bottomlands or riparian zones close to water. Obviously pond plants prefer being in water. You can’t plant a water lily in your yard.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-158925", "score": 0.7094966173171997, "text": "It has to do with the plant life and filtration of the body of water. Lakes can often suffer from large algae blooms from nutrient pollution. This would give the lake a darker, murkier look to it. Lakes are often freshwater, allowing for weeds and such to grow. The sea on the other hand is most likely salt water and won’t suffer from nutrient pollution or over vegetation.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-278534", "score": 0.7091955542564392, "text": "A couple of ways: 1. They were there before the lake was separated from other streams, rivers or lakes. This is the most likely answer. The fish swam to a lake but once they got there it was cut off from other lakes or streams/rivers. They could survive in the lake, separate from their other ancestors. 2. Humans put them there. Usually we will stock an empty lake with trout or some other sport fish. We may also unknowingly spread fish from one lake to another by releasing them to a new habitat. 3. They could be put there by being transferred either by animals (e.g. bears or birds) or weather events like tornadoes. Tornados have been known to suck up fish etc and drop them km away. I can't remember if they are living in this case, of course for it to be of any significance the fish must survive the transfer event.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-288872", "score": 0.7090795636177063, "text": "Depends on who you ask. Most of the time a lake is a natural freshwater body with an inlet and an outlet, a pond is usually a man-made water body that doesn't necessarily have inlets/outlets, and a lagoon is usually a body of ocean/sea water that lies behind a barrier such as a reef. Those are the general definitions, but there are exceptions depending on who you talk to, what the history of the water body in question is, and personal preference.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-145678", "score": 0.7083879709243774, "text": "Most lakes are *not* closed environments. Salmon, for example, swim upstream and find their way into lakes, even if those lakes spill into the ocean and get their water from rain or snowmelt. Also, birds can carry eggs or seeds and plop them into other bodies of water.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-285308", "score": 0.7071033120155334, "text": "I'm sure someone else can provide a more in depth answer, but most fish can't survive being frozen. Water is pretty unique because it is less dense as a solid than a liquid which is why ice floats. When a lake freezes, there is almost always water underneath where the fish and either organisms are living. However they do have to deal with low oxygen conditions and very cold temps.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-187392", "score": 0.7057822942733765, "text": "I've found fish in surprising numbers of isolated ponds, drainage ditches, and sewers. Fish eggs can stick to the feet of waterfowl, who then fly to other bodies of water and deposit the eggs, like seeds in bird droppings.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-238924", "score": 0.7044813632965088, "text": "Happens all the time. It's true that they don't _tend_ to happen unless something changes in the environment, but that change doesn't have to be due to humans. For example, when North and South America joined up there were extinctions on both continents as new predators and prey moved north and south, eating and competing with each other. On a small scale, in temporary ponds populations of small crustaceans and protists will bloom, eat all the food, make eggs or spores, then starve off.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-23128", "score": 0.7041471004486084, "text": "Fish have a unique chemistry. It has been determined that often their blood is similar to antifreeze. This makes them able to function at colder temperatures than a lake trout or some similar surface water species.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-287508", "score": 0.7028940320014954, "text": "Not exactly common, but a point made along the subject of connecting lakes: There's a small lake(250acres ) in my state (ct) that the dep first stocked with northern pike about 7 years ago. When they put the pike in, they were fingerlings, meaning 3-5\" long. There is a dam relatively close to where they were stocked, which leads to a roughly 2 mile shallow stream that empties into another small lake(75acres). Last year, a 13lb pike was caught at that 75 acre pond(I saw the picture, it's legit). That means that pike must have jumped the dam, made it's way down the 2 mile shallow stream, and went into the pond. Keep in mind that it was probably still a fingerling at the time, because if it wasnt, it probably wouldnt have been able to go down the stream. Then it proceeded to avoid being caught by any predators for a couple years until it was large enough to not be eaten by anything, then grow up to be 13lbs. Isn't nature fascinating?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-245440", "score": 0.7023178339004517, "text": "A few possible reasons. 1. The body of water may have been connected to another at some point. 2. Weather sometimes picks up fish, frogs, and the like and deposits them in other places. The fish who gets sucked up in a waterspout and manages to land in another body of water is very lucky, but it does happen. 3. They may have been introduced by another organism. Humans are the obvious go-to there, but fish have been known to drop their catches while they are still alive. 4. With a few species of fish, they might have just walked or crawled there. Snakehead fish are an example that was recently newsworthy.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-288776", "score": 0.7020246982574463, "text": "i remember seeing a similar question - but it was how big puddles of water on mountain tops have fishes. The answer to that was - birds carry them there, some eggs stick to their legs and it fell on these puddles when they fly by and created a small system.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-184848", "score": 0.7018189430236816, "text": "Dams have to destroy large areas to create a reservoir. Fish species are impacted. Lots of damage happens to the local ecology. Plus building a dam can't be done just anywhere, and in order to build up water you have to not be using it or divert other water sources into your new reservoir, causing further damage.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-79458", "score": 0.7012989521026611, "text": "Those types of animals evolved from common ancestors, and fit their niches. However, not all animals (snakes, fish, etc) are like that. Its a matter of the common ancestor being (relatively) recent enough.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-154468", "score": 0.7006545662879944, "text": "Often, they are put there by people, because people like to fish. Potentially, they could also be introduced by something like flooding creating the aquatic equivalent of a 'land bridge', or as eggs attached to other material.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-254221", "score": 0.6995087265968323, "text": "Because there are many, many more \"niches\" than just 'things that eat grass' and 'things that live in the ocean'. In fact, the total number of niches *increases* with species diversity - meaning that there are a fantastic number of niches, and essentially an infinite number of potential niches.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-158", "score": 0.6849483847618103, "text": "people either start a tab or they pay up front. it's part of a bartender's job to make sure they get paid for their goods/services. i'm sure some bars and bartenders will allow regulars to get away without paying upfront in certain scenarios, but that really depends on the business and employees." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1395585", "score": 0.6497164368629456, "text": "At first I put it down to the bar I'd be in, but it's true for virtually everywhere. When you order the same drinks in Europe it's carbonated and has a head (e.g. \n\nIs it supposed to be flat here (due to different consumer tastes)?", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1314595", "score": 0.6496272087097168, "text": "Recently, a trendy, themed bar that I work at took a reservation for a party bus of 25+ bachelorette party goers. I volunteered to take the table, as my last of the shift. Prior to the merry group arriving, the doorman took me aside and clued me in to the fact that the wife-to-be herself was a widow who had been left massive amounts of money by husband number 1. He told me that whenever she goes out, she foots the bill for the entire outing, and tips generously. Despite my instinctual aversion for a large group of squealing, penis be-decked, Victoria's Secret \"LoveSpell\" drenched women, I began to get excited. Those dolla signs were flashing in my eyes, I'm sure. \n\nCue the women arriving. Where I had expected glitter, body splash and penis hats, I got wrinkles, smokers' coughs, and navel grazing breasts purposely exposed between swaths of shiny polyester. The women weren't just old, necessarily, but never has the phrase \"Rode hard and put away wet\", been more apt. \n\nI dove in headfirst, starting with the bride, getting drink orders. They're all hovering around a 7 on your standard, 1-10, how-drunk-are-you scale. Women are tapping me from all angles, asking for drinks out of turn, but I continue, systematically. I take an order for a jack and coke from what appears to be the youngest of the group, and turn around immediately as she finishes answering. Instantly I receive what can only be described as a smack on my shoulder blade. \n\nThe young lady who would soon be drinking a jack and coke was all but steaming from her ears. \"I wasn't done ordering. I wanted a chicken kiev, you fucking bitch.\" Instantly, the gaggle of trash dogs that surrounded her at the table echoed her statement, decrying my rudeness. After coming of age in the service industry, it wasn't hard to gracefully announce that I had no obligation to serve the table if they couldn't behave. \n\nFuming, and nearly in tears, I replayed interaction to the GM. There was only one other server on at that time, and after hearing what happened, she refused to take over. It's at this point that I truly feel deserving of commendation, because I put in the entire order, including the chicken kiev, and continued to wait on the table. Not a single woman apologized to me. The bride apologized to the doorman, having been acquaintances before today. The doorman then relays the message to me, once again assuring me that the bride-to-be feels terrible, and that I'll be compensated fairly. \n\nThe rest of the interaction, despite my slack-jawed awe at just how inappropriately people will act in public, went without incident. I'm in the kitchen texting my boyfriend about the incident when I hear \"Get help! She's choking! She's choking for real!\" Busting out the swinging door to the dining room, I see a patron from another table administering a very weak Heimlich maneuver to none other than little miss chicken kiev. She spins around, definitely not choking, but barfing. Her face is slick with tears and snot, and probably some butter from the chicken Kiev. All the yelling has drawn the attention of my GM, who claps me on the shoulder and says, \"I think you won that one, smallmeow.\"\n\nI made $20 from them, and none of it was from the supposedly affluent bride, but seriously, who cares after that.\n\ntl;dr Rudest guest I've ever served is faced with karma instantly when she publicly throws up the food that she demanded", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-114953", "score": 0.6493434906005859, "text": "Liquor has the highest profit margin, if the price of your favorite alcoholic beverage is not listed you're more likely to order more drinks and thus give the restaurant more of your money.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1314349", "score": 0.6481192111968994, "text": "On the one hand, it is an issue because of inability to fill orders. \n\nOn the other hand, is it not a sign that alot of people want this product?\n\nKind of like the \"artificial\" line created at a night club.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2141089", "score": 0.6479791402816772, "text": "I don't know if it has happened to anyone else but I have had two different bar regulars track me down on social media asking if I need money. I'm very surprised by their kindness. Im also having people ask where they can donate to help restuarant workers.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1594447", "score": 0.6472645998001099, "text": "I just remembered this story and thought you all would relate to it...\n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\nMe: Hello what can I get you? \nGuest: Hi, can I get a glass of Bacardi Razz with ice? \nMe: Coming right up. \n.... \nMe: Here you go, that will be €3,50 please. \nGuest: Excuse me? \nMe: €3,50 please. \nGuest: But at \\*name of other bar\\* they give it to me for free. \nMe: That's very nice of them, but I can't do that here. \nGuest: But I don't wanna pay that. \nMe: Than you won't get your drink. \nGuest: This is bullshit... How about €1? \nMe: No, it's still €3,50 \n\n\nThis goes on for a couple of minutes until she gives up and pays the full amount. Then downs the glass in one go and leaves with her friend. Looking like she had been insulted like never before.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1856606", "score": 0.6465393304824829, "text": "I witness this within my peer group weekly. A few friends will suggest going to a trendy bar, we make arrangements and head out. In a few hours i leave with a three figure bar tab and realize that not a single person in my entire group interacted with anyone outside the group aside from bartenders and wait staff. We are a group of mostly couples, so i do not expect my friends to pursue other people at a bar, but in some cases my friends will actively discourage interaction with other patrons. Why not just organize a house party?\n\nWhat do you think Reddit?\n\nEdit: Not to say that I am not as guilty as my peers. I never turn down a night on the town and often suggest them, but many times I can't shake the feeling that I just paid a premium for something I could have done in my back yard or in my gameroom.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1182708", "score": 0.6462602615356445, "text": "I work as an offsale attendant (a small privately owned liquor store) and our debit machine has a tip option that people often mistake for the price entering section. Do to the pathetic nature of people they often re-add the price but one digit short thinking they're getting a deal and I won't catch it when in reality I'm getting a good tip.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2141142", "score": 0.6457122564315796, "text": "Please do not stand in the service well. This is the place at the bar where servers pick up drinks. You're clogging up the area. \n\nAlso, the bartender does not have any control over the app pinging you before the food is ready. Please don't chew me out over it. I don't get any money from UberEATs.\n\nJust a few observations from a restaurant who started UberEATs in the past month.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2195101", "score": 0.6453378200531006, "text": "OK, I know the definition. But does the person sit there all night with a paper and wait til a patron offers goods? Do you have to pay? Is it a dude or chick? And how many would they go through before they are full? And the walk of shame...?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1593495", "score": 0.6452375650405884, "text": "If you show up to a place where you plan to drink, bring something.\n\nWhen I bring an 18 for myself and you ask for some because you didn't bring anything, it's problematic. It seems the same fuckers pull this shit almost every time. Then they make a big deal if you don't pay for your half when they actually buy something.\n\nI feel like a prick but I spent 7 bucks I shouldn't have. \n\nend rant or something.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-641972", "score": 0.6446799039840698, "text": "\n\nMost of us get this driver’s frustration and sarcasm. Some customers are groupies and order every day. You know what I am talking about.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1181539", "score": 0.6443540453910828, "text": "So this happened last week on a super busy Saturday evening shift. I had a two top (mom and little girl) come and sit at one of my booths. They ordered two small pizzas and a beer for the mom. Perfectly normal, generally nice pair. After their meals were done she told me that her friend would be joining them shortly but she could go ahead and order her food now.\n\n At this point they had been there about an hour and I was definitely ready to get them out and turn the booth cause it was the only one in my section that night. Her friend shows up right before her food is coming out and orders a beer for herself. The food comes up and theyre eating and drinking, talking away. Now I was super busy and running around but I noticed her beer getting low so I ask her if she wants another one and she says yes, I put the order in and go tend to my other tables. After about 5 minutes I notice her beer sitting in expo at the bar (typically other servers run any food or drinks that come up in expo but we were super busy so nobody had a chance to.)\n\n So I run the beer to the table and she says \"I dont want it anymore its been sitting over there for TEN MINUTES\" which is untrue but also she could see how busy everyone, including the bartender was and sometimes it just takes a minute, chill its still cold. I take the beer back and bring them their checks, she slips her card in and hands it to me. Now at this point the table has been occupied by this party for about 2.5 hrs and Im over them. I bring them back their cards, they hang out for about 20 more minutes and leave. After a couple minutes I go to bus their table and notice that there is $25 (her bill was $20.45) in the book and she never signed her CC receipt. It dawns on me that she forgot she paid with card and paid the full bill with tip in cash as well. At this point she was gone so I told my manager what happend and she said if the lady doesnt come back (which she never did) I get to keep it. I would have felt bad but she was kind of a bitch and they took up my best table for like 3 hours. It was pretty rad.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1181386", "score": 0.6439321637153625, "text": "Last night at last call a regular who had gotten a little drunk told me he was ready for his tab. When I presented his tab to him, he was shocked at the total ($78 and some change) and drunkenly told me that if it was a joke he was okay and to give him the real one, but if I expected him to actually pay it then he would never come to my bar again. I asked him what specifically was the issue with the tab and he said \"it just doesn't add up to me.\" Every time I attempted to get him to tell me specifics - too many shots? Shots he didn't order? These shots added up shouldn't be this price? He just repeated that it didn't add up and was I being serious. He wasn't necessarily getting aggressive, but this came out of left field. He's never had a problem with how much his tab is; he drinks expensive cognac and always buys shots for other people. During this whole exchange my manager silently listened and watched and at no point offered to speak to the regular. \nNow I'm not very close with this regular, but he is best friends with our Friday night DJ and I don't want to become some kind of a target amongst their group of friends where they don't tip when I'm working or something. \nShould I confront this man? Should I just wait to see if he even remembers this happening? If he forgets his vow to never come back to my bar I'm probably going to see him again tonight. \n\n\nEdit: at the end of it all he did in fact pay but didn't tip, which at that point is fine just wanted him out of there", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-112351", "score": 0.6437641382217407, "text": "Hundreds (around 1000) college-aged people getting tremendously drunk and wanting to \"one-up\" previous years. Kids get rowdy, police show up, kids get rowdier. There is no excuse or reason other than stupidity.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2068381", "score": 0.6435913443565369, "text": "Busy night, I had just finished pouring some bomb shots for a group and there was half of a redbull can left over. Move on down the line to the next group and next girl orders a few beers for her and her friends and asks me to put them on her open credit card tab. Move on down the line to take the next order and see the girl grabbing the redbull. We made eye contact and she asked for the can. “No sorry I can’t just give out extra red bulls” mainly because I’ll be using it soon. She rolls her eyes and says “but it’s just sitting there”. Still a no. turn my back to ring in the next order and watch her friend swipe the can of redbull and give it her and they took off into the crowd. \n\nJokes on her, I added the $5 we charge for a full can to her tab. She never did complain at the end of the night. Don’t steal with an open tab.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-330688", "score": 0.6433544754981995, "text": "Yesterday, during a normal dinner rush at my bar, I got a call on the work phone. The lady on the other end asks me if she can make a booking for 6 pm that night.\nI look at my watch, it is 5:45 pm. I clarify that she is asking to book a table for 15 minutes from now and she agrees. I tell her no. \n\nWhy do people do this? That’s not how bookings work!", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2140967", "score": 0.6429686546325684, "text": "The economy isn't so good lately, and I've heard from people in the service industry that more people are walking out on their tabs than usual. I get it. People want to get drunk but they don't have money, so they steal.\n\nA bartender recently told me about how a young couple racked up a bill of over $100, and then just left. Boss deducted the bar tab from her pay. I mentioned that it is probably illegal to do so, but she insisted it is normal in that line of work.\n\nI found it highly illogical. First off, the owner of the bar has a lot more money than his staff. He can eat that loss without really feeling it. Second, that bar tab had a profit margin on it. The food and drinks stolen probably only cost the bar $40.\n\nI looked it up when I got home. Totally illegal. The Alberta government website specifically mentions 'walkouts in a bar' as illegal to deduct pay for. I can understand that a young person in the service industry might not know the law. But the owner of the bar damn sure knows it. So he basically steals from his staff.\n\nI asked a couple other waitresses and bartenders about this, and some of them had similar stories. What the hell? These people often make minimum wage plus tips, and business owners are stealing from them.\n\nIf you work in the service industry, know your rights.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-66113", "score": 0.6429629921913147, "text": "Another good reason (not the only by any means) notice all those things tend to be salty and dry. Restaurants tend to make a lot of their margins on drinks, keep people drinking, keep the tab high. Why do you think free bar snacks are always things like chips, salted nuts etc?", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2443036", "score": 0.6423300504684448, "text": "If you pay $2.50 for one drink but two drinks come out, is that actually considered stealing since you only paid for one and are consuming two?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-159", "score": 0.7660499215126038, "text": "Human nature to belong and conform to social groups, empathy, and natural fear of exclusion. It's kind of instinctual, that's why the weak minded are susceptible to group mentality. Case in point: Reddit." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1035426", "score": 0.7272497415542603, "text": "Humans like to be able to put a face to the ideas they like. We like feeling like we fit into a social structure. There are never going to be communities of people where there isn't a hierarchy, even just a subtle one.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-65752", "score": 0.7266620993614197, "text": "Pack mentality. They see their human as their leader, and physical contact from the leader is like praise.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-239273", "score": 0.7252359986305237, "text": "Psychology has some answers that I think might satisfy you. The [Group Serving Bias](_URL_1_) explains our tendency to take on an \"us vs them\" attitude. For an explanation of why these attitudes sometimes become extreme I suggest reading about [Group Polarization](_URL_0_).", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-43132", "score": 0.7232488393783569, "text": "Mob mentality really. Having been to a few sporting celebrations that turned ugly quickly, you have a large group of elated and usually intoxicated people who are having an anxiety release/ celebration. When this happens, people are highly suggestible to act according to those around them. Usually what happens is one or two people nearby escalate the problem by doing something reckless. (My experience was a beer bottle being thrown at a cop on horseback trying to maintain order). Once this happens, all hell brakes loose. People are not thinking, but rather acting irrationally on impulse because everyone around them is as well.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-42033", "score": 0.7218993306159973, "text": "People are tribal, by instinct that comes from our DNA. We naturally want to identify who us \"us\" and who is \"not us\". Any group of more than about 200 people will tend to break into smaller groups. This instinct is so strong that we look for reasons to form these different groups, even if the reasons are silly. Fans of different sports teams, even if the sport is made up and the fans don't really play the game and winning has no real consequences. Fans of different kinds of cars or trucks, even if they are extremely similar and it doesn't affect anyone which kind you choose.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-46677", "score": 0.7213670015335083, "text": "Yes, it can definitely be beneficial. Homogenous groups have a far greater risk of engaging in groupthink. Groupthink can be deadly to projects because people are too uncertain to voice reasonable objections or worries and has been linked to monetary losses (mostly on account of the failed projects or the group not recognising opportunities). Diversifying a group lowers the risk of groupthink. It also brings new perspectives, that can help when figuring out how to market a product. Say you are trying to market something to urban youth. Who do you think has the best perspective on what kind of marketing campaign, a group of seven people with identical ivy league educations and higher middle class upbringings or a group with diverse people, among who might also be one or two people from the environment you want to market to?", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-88510", "score": 0.7205034494400024, "text": "We are social creatures by nature, so we have a natural impulse to find commonality with other people. Then, as we associate with a group, we adopt the qualities and beliefs of the group as part of our identity. Therefore, people defend and adhere to the ideals of the group because an attack on the group is perceived as an attack on the individual's identity itself. Even a carefully worded challenge to the idea itself will be perceived as an attack on the person, rather than an idea.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2254586", "score": 0.7196753025054932, "text": "It's easier to talk and connect with a person than a group. In groups people activate their tribal instincts and tend to behave less rationally, thinking less. That's why I enjoy taking some distance from the group with one person, and establishing a logical, rational dialogue. I find this even true in a volunteering project where we teach children - I prefer teaching one-on-one, which can put a lot of pressure on them.\n\nDoes it happen to you?", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-237625", "score": 0.7184265851974487, "text": "In this context, it has a lot to do with safety in numbers. The people involved know they have a high chance of getting away with theft when there are large numbers of people involved in the same act. Group think also comes into play in this situation, if everybody around is doing something then regular social norms can be replaced by a new set of norms. Look up the 'elevator experiment' and 'the lines experiment'. Heinous atrocities have been committed by people in groups with that have no real opposition e.g war time gang rape, Hitler's genocidal regime and Australia's police corruption in the early 1980's. These contrasting scenarios have a major common factor, acceptance of an atypical norm within groups met with little to no immediate resistance within their immediate social circles. Participants of these acts have varying reasons for participating and most would experience cognitive dissonance toward their behaviors, but they are simply doing what everybody else is doing. -psychology minor", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-158984", "score": 0.7180720567703247, "text": "This gets down to a very basic human instinct called *tribalism.* We *tend to be* inherently fond of whatever group we are part of -- our village, our nationality, fans of our favorite team, even owners of a certain kind of car. Over time this instinct has enabled humans to stick together in groups that are much more effective (at survival and reproduction) than if we each went our own way.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-124936", "score": 0.7152106165885925, "text": "Because as a species we are inherently tribal. We think in terms of \"our group\" and \"not our group\". It was really helpful for our survival, but now is biting us in the ass.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-242116", "score": 0.7148515582084656, "text": "> Why do kids **group up** Herd mentality: _URL_0_ > to mock and make fun of other people Why people bully is an incredibly complex question. Outside of the convenience of herd mentality, much of the reasoning is personal. _URL_1_ > typically their teachers and their peers? I disagree with the assumption this part of the question makes, but let's pretend it's true that kids mostly pick on peers or teachers. These are one of the largest populations that kids will interact with on a daily basis. It's just statistically likely that ANY person a kid interacts with falls into this category. It follows that this group would be statistically most likely to be the target or aggression such as picking on someone.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-8206", "score": 0.7131444811820984, "text": "I'd say for two main reasons. Humans love to break into tribes. With a clear divide between Us and Them. Typically that creates some sort of feeling of superiority or resentment. And also, treating someone like crap actually makes you feel good. It makes you feel powerful and important. It's why we like sarcasm and a good comeback. And those little micro-rewards in your brain create long term behavior patterns.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-53548", "score": 0.7126117944717407, "text": "As has been said, when you join a large crowd you can lose your sense of self, your identity. You essentially become part of the machine rather than retaining individuality. People see crowds riot and destroy and do stupid things and judge them on an individual basis, however, many of these people would find the behaviour just as abhorrent as you had they not been apart of the group. Source (Psych Major) I realise this is ELI5 but here are some sources: _URL_2_ _URL_3_ _URL_4_ With all that being said, there are arguments against the role deindividualisation plays in group dynamics and behaviour: _URL_0_ If you're interested, use [google scholar](_URL_1_) and search \"Deindividualisation in crowds\" and other things along those lines", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-121115", "score": 0.7119370698928833, "text": "People like to think they're special. If they're unique, that suggests they're better in some sense than other people. The more people there are in your group, the less special it becomes, and the less unique you are... or at least that's how people think of it. Thus the desire to gatekeep.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-139195", "score": 0.7118715643882751, "text": "Let's use my username as an example. You create a mindset, no matter how wacky, weird, nutty, immoral etc. You take that mindset and some serious natural leadership and you brainwash this technique into your followers. Many times it's religious, for instance Scientology. Many times is pure hate disguised as religion, like yours truly with the Westboro baptist church, or ISIS terrorism. The main thing isn't the mindset... people are sheep and will blindly follow as they're told... look at America being fully controlled by the media. The main thing is having a leader/leaders who have the natural ability to control.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-105345", "score": 0.7117868065834045, "text": "It comes from how we learn and remember things. It is like a shortcut for our brain to group things based on a real or perceived pattern. For example, a child gets bit by a dog. The child then thinks all dogs will bite them. The child now has a stereotype that all dogs bite. When we were not the dominate species, it would be very beneficial to be able to react fast to a situation without having to sit and rationalize if you should start running.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2385216", "score": 0.7103757262229919, "text": "Reading through the reputation thread, a thought came to me from my management class last semester - groupthink.\n\n\nGroupthink occurs when a homogenous highly cohesive group is so concerned with maintaining unanimity that they fail to evaluate all their alternatives and options. Groupthink members see themselves as part of an in-group working against an outgroup opposed to their goals. You can tell if a group suffers from groupthink if it:\n\n\n* overestimates its invulnerability or high moral stance,\n* collectively rationalizes the decisions it makes,\n* demonizes or stereotypes outgroups and their leaders,\n* has a culture of uniformity where individuals censor themselves and others so that the facade of group unity is maintained, and\n* contains members who take it upon themselves to protect the group leader by keeping information, theirs or other group members', from the leader. \n\nFrom here, lots more information in the link.\n\nSo, I can see how it could be argued we have a groupthink problem. I think that it happens to every group at some point. What is your opinion? If you think we may have an issue, how do we challenge it and change it?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-301744", "score": 0.7074989080429077, "text": "Because your brain predicts how to respond in the right/best way socially. It's a part of adaptation and defense mechanism, how to and not to behave around certain situation or and individuals. Part of survival instinct.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-131083", "score": 0.7057191729545593, "text": "Because people want to show off and maintain or increase their social status (or 'importance' of the group). People like to feel important and they more so like to feel better than others, especially their peers. So they try to show off by buying trinkets and new tools. This is partially evolutionary. The need to be part of a group and be regarded as important and wealthy (in the sense of stability and health) is/was important for procreation and attracting of partners. It's also partially a cultural thing introduced to us at a young age by advertising. All with the primary purpose of making us buy more. This plays into that evolutionary mechanic, which is why it works so well.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-160", "score": 0.7625323534011841, "text": "It's not that colour-blind people can't see red or green. They can see them both fine; they just can't tell them apart." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-644690", "score": 0.7242723703384399, "text": "Why not orange and blue? Why not just blue? Why not red and green?", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-274049", "score": 0.7241454124450684, "text": "Your eye cannot measure the frequency of light; [it only measures the amount of red, green and blue it receives.](_URL_0_) A color wheel is contructed by modifying the amount of red, green, and blue emitted: you start with 100% red, 0 green, 0 blue; you add some green until you reach 100% (and you see yellow); you then reduce the red progressively until you reach 0% (and get solid green); then you add some blue, until you reach 100% (and you see cyan); then you remove the green progressively (until you reach solid blue); then you add some red progressively until you get magenta; then you remove the blue progressively, and you're back to red. This happens to more or less mimic increasing frequencies, at least in part.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-152964", "score": 0.723932147026062, "text": "Even those of us with perfect color vision only see a particular narrow band of the electromagnetic spectrum. Meanwhile, there are other animals, like insects and birds, who can see a slightly different band, meaning they can perceive colors that we can't. Can you imagine what those colors are? I can't.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-49044", "score": 0.7239212393760681, "text": "A screen is made up of pixels, and each pixel has three parts-red, green, and blue. By varying how bright each color within a pixel is, any shade of any color can be made (they usually work in 256 steps of brightness per color, 256^3 is about 16.7 Million colors). When you get water on the screen, the curve of the drop effectively works like a magnifying glass, and makes the tiny pixels you normally can't see very large. This magnifies the red/green/blue enough that you see them separately, and a rainbow effect happens.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-301621", "score": 0.723793089389801, "text": "No, 'colors' are not wavelengths and shouldn't be confused with it. A color is a human perceptual thing, and includes mixtures of light in different wavelengths. For instance white, brown and magenta are colors that don't exist in any form as a single wavelength. But most reds, greens or blues aren't monochromatic either. If you look at a [CIE diagram](_URL_2_) which does represent the colors we can see (although your monitor can't display them all, so they're getting a bit lumped together). In that diagram, the monochromatic colors (single wavelengths) are the outer curved edge, while the inner part of the diagram represents mixtures of those. There are many ways of representing colors, which essentially amount to different coordinate systems in the color space that the diagram shows. Some standardized ones are [CIE XYZ](_URL_3_), [CIE Lab](_URL_1_) and [sRGB](_URL_0_).", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-300322", "score": 0.7236465215682983, "text": "Most digital camera sensors are actually monochrome! They have a special filter called [Bayer filter](_URL_0_) on top of them, so that each photosite (sensor \"pixel\") receives either red, green, or blue filtered light. The missing color information is then interpolated by a \"demosaicing\" algorithm during image processing. Now, if the Bayer filter is only concerned with visible light and doesn't really filter out near infrared, and there's no separate IR filter (dedicated cameras usually do, not sure about phone cameras), then it doesn't really matter whether an individual photosite is \"red\", \"green\", or \"blue\" - they will all register the infrared light approximately equally, resulting in white color in the final image.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-264388", "score": 0.7236000299453735, "text": "Because red-green colorblindness is sometimes about being unable to distinguish reddish-brown from greenish-brown, not red and green per se.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-163214", "score": 0.7235130071640015, "text": "Lets say we have a 100 x 100 image that is entirely red, except one pixel is blue. How could transmit that information to you, so that you can draw it? One way is I could go through each pixel saying \"that one's red, the next one is red, the one after that is red\" and so one, for every pixel, and when I get to the blue one I say \"that one's blue\", and keep going with the other ones being red. That would take forever. If I wrote it down, I'd write a long time. Or, I could say \"hey, they're all red but the 3rd pixel in the 10th row is blue\". That's a much shorter way to describe the picture, and if you know what I'm saying, I don't have to write down every single color for every single pixel. So I can save space by doing that. That's it.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-156791", "score": 0.7235023379325867, "text": "The way the system works (it's called chroma key, by the way) is it replaces everything of the specified color with the given background. If you wear a blue coat and use a blue screen, it will look like the invisibility cloak in Harry Potter. They usually use green or blue instead of something like orange or yellow because green and blue are not going to match skin tones at all, but you could use any color you want as long as nothing you want to keep in the shot is a similar color.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1036599", "score": 0.7233473658561707, "text": "Monitor and TV companies always talk about the millions of colors. But now there's \"Wide Color Gamut,\" which means what, exactly? Why is there so much green in the chat on Wiki? Why is the white point not centered?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-279344", "score": 0.72323077917099, "text": "I think a lot of these answers are not what you're looking for. While devices can \"translate\" colors outside our spectrum and allow us to see a representation of them, we are still only seeing colors in our normal range. It's not possible to truly see outside our normal spectrum due to the limitations of our eyes. No device can allow this.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-166901", "score": 0.7231298089027405, "text": "Light is [additive color](_URL_2_) and paint is [subtractive](_URL_0_). When you paint something green, you're not exactly \"putting green\" on the object but instead putting a substance that reflects only green and absorbs the other colors. Thus, our eyes see the object as green. If you mix all the colors of paint together you get black because you've created a substance that subtracts (absorbs) all the colors and to us, an absence of light is seen as black. With light, you're combining colors and not removing them. That's why when you mix all additive colors it's perceived by our eyes as [white](_URL_1_). So if you think about it, white light is the most colorful color.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-77196", "score": 0.7229870557785034, "text": "Inks subtract color, screens add. Basic ink colors are cyan, yellow and magenta. So cyan is white minus red, but on a screen it's constructed as blue plus green. It works like this because white light goes through ink, so the color comes from what is subtracted. On a CRT or LED screen, a pixel is a tiny lamp of red, green or blue color, so the color comes from what is added to black (screen off). Also, pixels are monochromatic on LCD screens even though they absorb light.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-106404", "score": 0.7229187488555908, "text": "White is a combination of all the colors of the visible spectrum. In screens, all colors are mixed using red, green and blue subpixels. So to get white, you have to turn on all three at the same intensity. Thus you get three times as much light as you would for a solid blue color.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-287223", "score": 0.7228969931602478, "text": "Color is created by your brain by using three sets of cells called \"cones\" on your retina, which have response peaks that correspond to red, green, and blue. Also it's worth mentioning that the primary colors are different if you're dealing with light (red/green/blue, all colors mix to form white), or pigments (red/blue/yellow, all colors mix to form black).", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-140964", "score": 0.7226395606994629, "text": "You don't have to! Any single color screen could function as a \"green screen\". But green is a popular color to use because it is very uncommon in the human body so you lower the risk of having random pieces of your people disappearing.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2092318", "score": 0.7223241329193115, "text": "Any level of answer would be appreciated:\n\nWhy aren't screens some other color?\n\n_Can_ they be some other color?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-185457", "score": 0.7220798134803772, "text": "They don't. Each LED junction can only produce one wavelength, in fact, LEDs are famous for their narrow bandwidth. When we want a multicolour LED, what we do is embed a red, green, blue (and optionally white) LED junction on the same device very close to each other. By mixing the amount of these 3 colours, we can convince our brain that it's actually a single colour.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-276634", "score": 0.7216829061508179, "text": "You can flash red light briefly (~10ms) followed by green light (~10ms) and you'll perceive a single yellow flash. It's called \"cortical yellow\". It's still an open question whether or not this happens at the level of the eye or of the brain, but some neat tricks (for example, you can do it binocularly - red light to one eye green to the other) provide strong evidence that it's the brain. It's also still an open question whether we have access to information like this at some unconscious level. On the other hand, mixed red/green light and yellow light should be indistinguishable to humans if the yellow were the right wavelength. IMPORTANT TO NOTE that this is not \"pure yellow\", though - green cones are more sensitive than red cones so the single wavelength you'd use would be slightly green-yellow if your mix was equal luminance green and red.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-269096", "score": 0.7216541171073914, "text": "Colorblind here. I can perfectly see colours when they are \"alone\". The problem is when two of them that my brain perceives of similar \" intensity\" then i can't distinguish them anymore. Negative usually changes a lot the \"difference\" between colours, so i'd guess i should be able to see them. If you want, for science, we can run an experiment. Take a Dalton Table pic and reverse it, then i will say if i can see it.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-161", "score": 0.6579278111457825, "text": "Gonna get a little technical: The movie has a digital equivalence of around 8192x2968 (assuming a 4K equivalence for regular 4-perf 35mm). I don't know of any theater that has a projector above 4K, many are even at 2K (2048x1080, almost the same as regular 1920x1080, as most movies are 2K). So, seeing it in a theater with 4K projection is the next best thing (at basically 50% the \"resolution\"). Movies like Interstellar, The Dark Knight, Star Wars Ep VII (only one scene though), etc. are even bigger because they are 70mm IMAX, which is around 11800x8192. I saw both Interstellar and Star Wars Ep VII in this format and it what great, Interstellar took the cake though in terms of how amazing it was visually/immersively." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-134039", "score": 0.6249887943267822, "text": "Shooting on film has a distinct look. Even after it's digitized, it still retains its filmlike quality. These days, film to digital transfer is done at very high resolutions, such as 4k (4 times the quality of traditional 1080p HD), so the details and nuances of film still exist in the digital world. There are also tons of effects that were done in the analog days, before digital was a thing. People has to get real creative in the days before AfterEffects.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2050104", "score": 0.6249561309814453, "text": "The wife and I are going to see the Hobbit tomorrow. I want to see it in Imax 3D but she doesn't want to see the 48fps version because she is worried about eyestrain. I've read that the higher frame rate it suppose to lessen the eyestrain in 3D. Anyone who wears glasses that has seen the movie in Imax 3D have any issues?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-5931", "score": 0.6248748898506165, "text": "\"70mm\" means that the film on which the image was collected and later projected is itself is 70mm wide. Think of older cameras that used 35mm film as a standard, but up this to 70mm and apply it to cinema. The reason 70mm film gets people excited is that the film allows for greater image resolution. Larger format films spread the image over a wider area, which allows for more detail to be collected by the pigments (or silver, for black and white) in the film. This gives a better final image. This is why lots of portrait studios used to use large format cameras since they generally give better images for the same film stock, and smaller size and subsequent \"movability\" was not necessary. If memory serves, 70mm can give films a really wide aspect ratio without loss of image quality. This allows you to do really epic film-making in a style along the lines of Lawrence of Arabia, Ben-Hur and the like.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-116472", "score": 0.6248220205307007, "text": "I don't know if it's how they did it in this, but for similar shots in The Matrix (\"Bullet time\" they called it) what they did was set up a bunch of still cameras around the actor to take shots in rapid succession, faster than a video camera would shoot. When these single frames are strung together, it creates the illusion that a single camera is moving around a scene happening in slow motion.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-278414", "score": 0.6248101592063904, "text": "Not that I know of. White light is not a single wavelength, like red or green, but a mixture of wavelengths. Therefore, if something is illuminated by white light of sufficient power, you will see colours. You can use a small amount of light, which will force your eyes to use [the rods rather than the cones](_URL_0_), and you'll effectively be seeing with no colour; but this isn't perceived in the same way as b/w film. Or you can use a single-wavelength light source, which will result in you seeing, say, red-and-black. Neither is, I'm afraid, what you intend.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-188398", "score": 0.6247420310974121, "text": "I think you're just comparing different grade of filmstock. Look at 2001 for example, it came out in 1968 and it looks fantastic.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-128308", "score": 0.6247288584709167, "text": "You could read [this article about the soap opera effect](_URL_0_) but I'm going to eli5 this, too. Newer HD tvs have a pretty remarkable ability to transform shows that are shot in fewer frames per second (that's most shows) into more frames per second by predicting/inserting extra frames. A few important things to know: A) You can turn this effect off. See above link and lots of videos on YouTube. B) Some cinematographers & directors firmly believe that stuff shot in more frames per second is actually ideal/prettier. Avatar is a great example. It's rich and dense, but our brains are super not used to that effect. Yet. Might we someday have the bulk of our tv and cinema shot in more frames per second? Possibly. C) You're not crazy; lots of people hate the predictive technology. And now that you've seen it, you'll spot it everywhere in public tvs that have that setting turned on.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1768655", "score": 0.6245773434638977, "text": "I'm a huge fan of The Warriors and I'm enamored with film as both entertainment and as a physical media and how its slowly disappearing from filmmaking and cinemas. I bought 20 cell frames from ebay and decided to scan them and make high resolution wallpapers or use them in photoshop to make a poster. After I had scanned them it gave them a real \"grindhouse\" 42nd street theater aesthetic to them and it probably looked very similar to seeing it in the cinemas at the time of its release.\n\nThe actual cells themselves are quite small and are about the size of a small silver coin but are packed with information.\n\n", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-147710", "score": 0.6245720386505127, "text": "70mm analog film has higher resolution than HD, even if comparison between analog and digital is difficult. Current films are usually shot at 4K or higher, the market for 4K movies is not large enough for wide scale distribution yet.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-63071", "score": 0.6244693994522095, "text": "For the most part they aren't anymore. I forget the movie, but a recent one (possibly even an upcoming one) was/is supposed to be available on film only due to director preference and a bunch of theater chains are giving loud wtf's on that. They all just spent a bunch of money upgrading to digital projectors so nobody needs to physically ship film reels anymore...", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2050316", "score": 0.6244547367095947, "text": "Seems like a blurry flat image as seen on the big screen could be replicated on a flat home television pretty easily, what am I missing?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-320006", "score": 0.6244291067123413, "text": "It does. If you take a thick film you have so many different wavelengths that can fit in it that they all blend together. Basically your eye cant really tell the difference. There are some other factors too, but basically there just isnt enough resolution.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2740907", "score": 0.6243352890014648, "text": "HitFilm has so many awesome Effects, however as a new user I'm finding the wealth of choice overwhelming.\n\nI spent a LOT of time playing with many different Effects trying to see if there was one that would create a mask based on an image layer.\n\nWith the help of other people from this community, I found what I was looking for: *Set Matte.*\n\nThe problem is I had no idea that Effect existed or that it was perfect for my needs. \n\nWhen I did an Effects search using HitFilm for the word \"mask\", the only two results were *Depth Mask* and *Split Screen Masking.*\n\n--------------\n\nPerhaps the Effects search could be made more powerful if each Effect had related terms, rather than just searching based on name... so \"Set Matte\" would appear in the results when I search for the keyword of \"mask\".\n\nIt would similarly be fantastic if doing an Effects search for \"green screen\" showed the *Color Difference Key* in the results.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-20830", "score": 0.6240788102149963, "text": "I can't really ELI5 it, but _URL_0_ and _URL_1_ can send you in the right direction. edit: quote from Wiki - The system works by placing thin metallised film across the front of the stage at angle of 45 degrees towards the audience; recessed below the screen is a bright image supplied by an LED screen or powerful projector. When viewed from the audience's perspective, the reflected images appear to be on the stage.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1142961", "score": 0.623965859413147, "text": "Idk. If they put it out on 4k UHD, Id maybe be a little happy, but just theatrical is a bit disappointing. I think I speak for everyone here when I say we would have much rather gotten a white album remix", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-156881", "score": 0.6238705515861511, "text": "The \"hologram\" was actually just a modern version of an old stage illusion called [Pepper's Ghost](_URL_0_). An angled transparent reflector (in this case a thin sheet of mylar) was used to make a projection coming from one angle look like it was sharing the same stage visible from another angle. & nbsp; The visuals were computer generated images done by special effects company Digital Domain, who typically work on big Hollywood blockbusters. They're the special effects house that de-aged Jeff Bridges for Tron: Legacy, and making a new stage performance for Tupac would involve roughly the same techniques. & nbsp; I don't know how much of the audio was previously recorded tracks and how much was done with a sound-alike voice actor, but it's probably safe to say there was at least a little of both.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-855524", "score": 0.623849093914032, "text": "I apologize for the self post; I figured that /r/Cinemagraphs would be the right place to ask this question.\n\nI'm running Windows 7 Pro 64-bit; is there a way to set my desktop background to a cinemagraph? I've done some Googling (and Reddit searching), but I haven't really come up with anything.\n\nThank you in advance.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2291064", "score": 0.6237689256668091, "text": "September and October 1911 issues of Moving Picture World advertise a guide for theatres running the US import of the Italian \"L'Inferno\".\n\n&gt;The Moving Picture World, anxious to see the great artistic production of Dante's Inferno (Milano Films) properly presented, has printed the above-named book for the purpose of aiding the exhibitor who wishes to show the attraction in his house. The book is based upon the presentation of the reels at Baltimore and Providence under the direction of W. Stephen Bush. Lecture, music and effects all have an important share in the successful presentation, and the author with considerable care and patience has gone over every single scene and given it a proper placing. The lecture, which may be easily learned, runs in exact conformity with the action on the screen, and for this reason is welcome to every audience. Wherever possible the words of the poet have been followed in the lecture. In the matter of [sound?] effects, experience has shown that the effects indicated in the book are, without exception, appropriate and striking. Effects worked by a competent man, carefully following the instructions laid down in the book, add very much to the force and realism of the picture...\n\n&gt;The book contains a set of press notices, full instructions to lecturer, piano player and operator, a very complete lecture and much other matter, such as special keys, a biography of Dante, some of which may with advantage be reprinted for general d\nistribution among the audience.\n\nI would be thrilled to experience this rather forgotten precursor to Cabira and Birth Of A Nation with the full context as intended. I know the DVD set has some included goodies but I don't have it (or $500+ to burn), and I don't believe it to be nearly as comprehensive as this. Seeing as the publisher's flagship magazine has been meticulously archived for the public, I can't help but hope.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-4356", "score": 0.6236611604690552, "text": "It depends on the media used to record the show - traditional film can be rescanned at higher resolution, magnetic media maybe, maybe not. It also depends on how much money the studios think they will make by re-releasing.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1901782", "score": 0.6234636902809143, "text": "I get annoyed at the way the screen shakes a bit when trying to keep level with cinematic mode.\n\nIs there a way to make the screen static, so moving my head doesn't move the display? I just want the movie right in front of my eyeballs the whole time.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-162", "score": 0.6900529861450195, "text": "I think you have to manually adjust it every time the month changes, but not sure, sure someone will correct me." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-74313", "score": 0.6554022431373596, "text": "2100 is a once-a-century exception when we skip a leap year (actually three times every four centuries - we put the leap year back in for 2000 because it's divisible by 400). Ignoring that exception, the watch just needs to keep track of when the last leap year was and include one every four years. Modifying it to keep track of whether it's also a century year and having it skip that day would be a lot of work when it only makes a difference once a century.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1906155", "score": 0.6553273797035217, "text": "Hi everyone,\n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\nI have been using YNAB for about a year now, and for the last few months I finally broke out of the paycheck-to-paycheck cycle thanks to the good habits the program allowed me to build. However, the program still displays that I do not have a &gt;30 days age of money. I've been racking my brain trying to figure out how YNAB calculates this, but can't for the life of me figure it out. Does anyone care to enlighten me?\n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\nThanks!", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-113308", "score": 0.6545699834823608, "text": "[Watch durations will vary between vessels due to a number of reasons and restrictions. The traditional three-watch system is from the days of sail, where the ships company was divided into three and the day divided into six watches of four-hours duration, such that an individual would keep two four-hour watches each day separated by an eight-hour time for sleep or recreation. Examples of other systems include 4 by 6-hour and 7's and 5's when a warship has half its ships company on watch at a time.](_URL_0_) It is not a strictly linear relationship. You can develop your own pattern. Now I always stop and nap whenever I want to on road trips. It works for me. Transitioning while trying to keep a rigid schedule can interfere unless you can switch sleep on and off.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-39448", "score": 0.6542607545852661, "text": "There isn't a good reason. February was initially just a filler month for the Romans. Before February, there were just some days tacked on to the end of the year. Then they reformed the calendar and made extra months (February being one of them), but they still didn't quite get to 365 days. Caesar reformed the calender again and in doing so he made February a month and put it in its current position, but it only needed it to take up 28 days to get to the total of 365. We inherited that and haven't changed it. Other than the fact that it would cost quite a bit to change everything now, there's no good reason we couldn't make two of the 31 day months 30 days along with February. We'd still have to do something with the leap year, though!", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-161646", "score": 0.654240608215332, "text": "Based on the dates on the bill, you're billed for two months at a time. So the x-axis contains abbreviations for months, taken every other month (since billing cycles are two months), and in reverse order (most recent first, and then getting older as you move to the right). So the letters stand for: * June * April * February * December * October * August * June", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-129936", "score": 0.6541760563850403, "text": "It doesn't matter where you start a month, because that number has no relation to the day of the week. We could declare arbitrarily that tomorrow was the 49th of September, but it'd still be Tuesday unless we deliberately declared otherwise.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-141821", "score": 0.6538543701171875, "text": "Not OP but I'm unsatisfied with the answers so far. They're all based on knowledge of a day being 24 hours. How did they determine there are 24 hours in a day and not 4 or 6 or 8?", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-138519", "score": 0.6537256836891174, "text": "I think the better question is why haven't we switched this up yet? 13 months of 28 days is 364. A full lunar cycle is somewhere around 29.5 days, iirc. I don't want to run all the numbers, but at a glance it seems like the lunar phases would move around about as much on that plan as they do now, so that's hardly an issue. Plus, every month could start and end on the same day. Throw in that missing day 365 (or the pair of 365/366) at the end of the year, don't even make them days of the week, just start the week again on January 1. I guess it would be a pain in the ass to switch everyone and everything over. That's all I got, though.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-366986", "score": 0.6537008881568909, "text": "I took a state mandated test back in March and did super bad because I didnt manage my time well. I got a 25 in English when I usually get at least a 28 on practice tests, a 16 in reading when I usually get like a 24-25 and 21 in science when I usually get a 25-26. Only accurate score was my math score which I got a 24 on. All the other sections I had ran out of time because I spent way too long on some of the questions. For the past practice tests Ive taken since then, Ive been getting a 29-31 on English, 26-27 on Math, 24-25 in reading and 26-27 in Science but I'm worried that I might do worse when I take the actual ACT so I figured that I should get a watch to help me manage my time.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-214542", "score": 0.6535415649414062, "text": "I had a similar question. For some reason I had it in my mind that the length of the month had to do with the rotation of the moon around the Earth. It takes 27.3 days for the moon to circle the Earth. I always wondered why the months were not 28 days long. 28 days x 13 months = 364 days. They could have added a day on the end. Was it because 13 was considered an unlucky number?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-103319", "score": 0.6528452038764954, "text": "The earth takes 365.25 days to orbit the sun (360 degrees). When the Gregorian calender was established, there were ten months in one year, all of them longer than 31 days. When Julius Caesar and Augustus developed large egos, they etched their names into the calendar, making the year 12 months long (and to add to their ego trips, notice how July and August are the only two successive months of 31 days!) Days were \"stolen\" from the other months to accommodate the two new months added to the 365 day year.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-213001", "score": 0.6527113318443298, "text": "The Roman calendar functioned this way in the early days of the city, before the republic. They had ten months, the vestige of which you can see in the names of our last four months: September (septem = seven), October (octo = eight), November (novem = nine), and December (decem = ten). And then after the ten months finished they just had 58 days that weren't associated with anything, before the year started anew. It wasn't till their king Numa Pompiliius [decided to reform their calendar](_URL_0_) that they added two extra months in.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-50845", "score": 0.6525506973266602, "text": "It all comes down to a very simple fact. In older days the people used some sort of the lunar calendar. The lunar calendar is 28 days long for each cycle (month). This cycle can be divided into 4 pieces. If you do the math: 28/4=7 So that's why the week is 7 days long. As the month became longer we just stuck with the old lunar based system.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-124782", "score": 0.6524136066436768, "text": "Quartz watches are sensitive to temperatures. At normal indoor temps, they can easily stay within 30s of drift per month. The one in your car, especially in winter, is subjected to more extreme temperatures and will likely drift considerably more.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-177858", "score": 0.651922881603241, "text": "Months started out being 29 days long to follow the cycles of the moon but this led to there being only 350(ish) days in a year which caused the seasons to drift. Julius Caesar changed this to make the months longer so that we'd have 365 days in a year and since he couldn't evenly split 365 up 12 ways, they had to take turns this was called the julian calendar. (He also added an extra day every 4 years to compensate for the fact that year is actually 365.25 days long.) However, this wasn't perfect and by the 16th century we'd drifted by 10 days so Pope Gregor the whateverth changed the date and made it so every century year that was not divisible by 4 would not be a leap year (The year 2000 was a leap year, but 2100 won't be). This is called the gregorian calendar and we use it to this day.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2160459", "score": 0.6518945693969727, "text": "I know there are some third party calendar apps that let you see 3 months but only current and future months, not previous. Why is this? I can’t imagine it would take up much storage or processing power.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-282967", "score": 0.6511897444725037, "text": "This is because calendar months are not 4 weeks long (otherwise we'd have 13 months/year). Calendar months are on average 30.5 days long. 30.5 x 9 = 274.5 days / 7 = 39.2 weeks. Or look at it the other way around: 40 weeks out of 52 is a bit more than 75% of the year, or 9 months out of 12.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2294423", "score": 0.6510218977928162, "text": "Hi nerds,\n\nI recently got into Casio and just bought a couple of cheap watches to start with. So I understand that most Casios have a claimed accuracy of +/-30 seconds per month. I set mine to the same time 16 days ago and at this rate my **A158 will gain about 19 seconds per month** while my **B640 is on track to lose less than 4 seconds per month**.\n\nJust out of interest, has anyone else tested the accuracy of their watches and what were the results?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-38131", "score": 0.6509772539138794, "text": "A year is 365.25 days long which is how long it takes to orbit the sun. 365 is not divisible by many things, just 73 and 5. Therefore if you must have equal months and for them to fit neatly into a year you either need 73 months of 5 days or 5 months of 73 days. Months are roughly based on moon cycles which are about 30 days long. (29.5 days, I think, based on the Chinese calendar).", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-214747", "score": 0.6508908271789551, "text": "I am not sure how to say this in a way that doesn't sound like I'm stating the obvious, but: because there are 365 days in a year. A year is a very visible astronomical period, not just because of the seasons, but in the lengthening and shortening of days. If you're trying to keep time, counting the days between winter or summer solstices is an extremely obvious way to go about it.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-164", "score": 0.724188506603241, "text": "Your eye sensors tire after a short while viewing a static image. In this example they're giving you a fixed point to focus on so that the image stays positioned in the same place on your retina. Notice how her lips are green in the negative. Staring at that wears our your green sensor there. Then, when you switch to look at white (which contains red, green and blue) your eye's red sensors work but the green, temporarily, do not. So you see red lips." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-246934", "score": 0.6879621744155884, "text": "You would see an overlapping image of your intact eye and a floating bloody eye. Similar to looking at your nose or just in front of it, the brain is capable of handling two visual inputs that don't align up perfectly.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-237834", "score": 0.6879563331604004, "text": "Our process of vision has an effect similar to the refresh rates on televisions, lcds, florescent lamps, and so on. If you could take high-speed photographs of these items, you could see they are not constantly on, but instead flicker very quickly. What you're seeing is a combination of the speed at which your brain is processing the image, combined with the refresh rate on the screen you're viewing. Instead of the image being relatively static in your vision, the crunching process vibrates your head, and thus, your eyes. As your eyes move quickly, the rapid on/off effect of the displays is more noticeable.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-130788", "score": 0.6879263520240784, "text": "your eyes do not see color. Your brain sees color. Since closing your eyes does not turn off your brain, you should not expect to stop seeing color (you might, but you should not expect it).", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-32989", "score": 0.6878656148910522, "text": "We always see with our brain. Our eyes are just a whole bunch of cells going \"it's bright and green\", \"it's dark and red\", \"it's brown\". Your brain assembles all these statements into \"I'm looking at a tree in Autumn\". When you sleep and dream, your brain is rewiring and moving data around. You \"experience\" a dream but it's just random input from things in your life.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-53312", "score": 0.687770664691925, "text": "Your brain builds the image of reality that you see by taking information picked up by your senses, and information from your memories, and turning it into a consistent interpretation of reality that is designed to make sense to us. Normally when the brain receives internally-generated information about the world which doesn't fit with what our senses say is really going on, the brain discards the former and only uses the latter. But when the brain is deprived of sensory input, it has nothing to compare internal information against. So if a random firing in the brain says that \"there are snakes in this room\", and there's nothing to suggest that information is wrong (e.g. no visual information about the room), the reality your brain assumes that information is coming from an external source (i.e. is true) and the reality it builds for you is one in which there are snakes in the room.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-54706", "score": 0.6877672672271729, "text": "You see because light stimulates the cells in your retina, as you likely know. However, light isn't the only thing that can cause signals to fire from your eyes to your brain. Among them, pressure can also cause stimulation, making signals travel to your brain. Your brain, on the other hand, doesn't know the difference. All it knows is \"the eyes sent me some info, I better use it to paint a picture,\" as it normally does.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-109856", "score": 0.687766432762146, "text": "Micro-movements of the eye. There's a good article [here](_URL_0_), but for ELI5, the explanation is that the body, in an attempt to maintain its focus on a point, is actually twitching the eye muscles in very small motions to maintain the eye's focus on a particular point. This twitching makes the eye sense the picture as being in motion even though it's not. Notice the picture in your example (and other similar ones) has a repetitive pattern and sharply contrasting boundaries and colors within it, all intended to heighten the illusory movement. The eye-muscle twitches back and forth can be likened to muscle micro-motion used to maintain balance while standing still.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-22538", "score": 0.6875463128089905, "text": "Your brain builds a 3-D model of a scene from visual cues. Some of those cues are based on where the lenses of your eyes focus to make a clear image, some are based on the divergence of angle of your eyes, some of them are based on how hazy or blurry parts of the image are, and some of them are based on occlusion — of objects passing in front of other objects. Split depth gifs insert two whitespaces into the picture, and parts of the picture are occluded by the whitespace, and parts of the picture occlude some of the rest of the whitespace. These cues provide just enough information to your brain to tick it over from \"I am seeing a two-dimensional image\" to \"I am seeing a three-dimensional image at moderately close distance\", and your brain builds a 3D model of the scene, which you experience. The key is that you hardly ever see exactly what your eye sees — mainly, you experience a mental model of what your eye sees and your brain filters and reconstructs.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-301890", "score": 0.68746417760849, "text": "Your eye is not like a camera in the sense that it is taking a series of snapshots; input is continuous. In a sense, however, we do this all the time with computer monitors - your monitors refresh at a faster rate than we can see the flicker. As a result, you can alternate between, say, a red and green screen very rapidly, and the perception would be of a yellow screen -- the red and green screens will be \"invisible\" because the photoreceptors won't be able to temporally resolve the two colors / stimulations.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-833609", "score": 0.6873227953910828, "text": "How do we know that you and me see the same colours. Really yhere would be no way to figure this out that I can think of. Personally, I think this depends on where the colour is created. If colours are directly experienced by the eye then I think we would all see the same colours. But if colour is a construct of our brain then I think there is a very good possibility that we experience colours differently. What do you think and does anybody know us colours are created in your eyes or brain?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-148533", "score": 0.6870089173316956, "text": "This is based off of (at least in psychology) the opponent process theory. Your eyes, are able to process the three main colors of light, red, green, and blue, separately. As you stare at a light that may be a bit red or yellow, the receptors that take in these colors eventually become \"tired\" causing you to sense less of that color, thus seeing more blue. This same concept helps to explain colorblindness as some will only confuse one or two colors rather than all colors because only one part of the eye doesn't work right.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-302826", "score": 0.6870022416114807, "text": "Firstly, we interpret colours independently of the wavelength they happen to fall on (though unlikely, what is green to you may theoretically appear purple to me). Short wavelengths of supposedly blue light also slightly activate the red cone in our eyes. Source: _URL_0_ _URL_1_", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-182702", "score": 0.6868108510971069, "text": "The things you see aren't \"there\" either. Images are ideas, and ideas are a mental constructs. Vision doesn't \"process\" images into some form you can think about. Rather ideas are recognized in the sensory signals. Only ideas are \"really there\" in your mind.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-191155", "score": 0.6867342591285706, "text": "It used up all light sensor cells in your retina. They take a while to regenerate back, so you have a blindspot that your brain fills these patterns", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-281525", "score": 0.6863539218902588, "text": "Your brain sees the picture with lines on top. The lines form a frontal barrier to the picture. When the line is moved to the back ( imagine layers) your brain translates the object in the picture moving toward you.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-54526", "score": 0.686277449131012, "text": "for one, they are not at \"opposite\" ends of the light spectrum, they only represent the extremes of the *visible* spectrum which is only a very tiny slice of the light (EM) spectrum. for two, the thing you call color is really the result of combining the result of the response from three different types of cone receptors inside of your eye (and some additional processing of the brain based on context). If you consider each of these receptors as a corner to triangle, then the colors you \"see\" are really spread out around the triangle, and that gives rise to the notion of a [**Color Wheel**](_URL_0_) which goes round and round, and in the color wheel, red is right next to purple, not opposite to it.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-149021", "score": 0.6862102150917053, "text": "Your retina cells are not able to turn off as quickly as the object moves, since they are chemically operated. You don't notice it in normal lighting, but when the background is very dark it becomes apparent.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-112334", "score": 0.6860613226890564, "text": "when you look straight ahead your eyes are actually moving back and forth just a little bit. This picture and several others like it take advantage of that twitching. We see movement when one point of light that hits the back of our eyes and a similar shape and color of light hits a spot just next to that. Normally our brain cancels out this perceived movement from eye twitching, but because of the shape of the images, the apparent movement is larger than our brain is compensating for.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-16468", "score": 0.6859983205795288, "text": "Residual images in the individual cones of your eyes.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-301123", "score": 0.6859176158905029, "text": "Here is my previous answer to similar questions: > Although it is true that the image on your retina is inverted (up-down and left-right), it is only inverted [relative] to an outside observer. That is, if I am looking at your eyeball, the bottom part is getting light from the upper part of the world (relative to my being upright). > But your brain is not an observer. It does not have an extra set of eyes looking at your retinas and comparing that to the world. There is only one image (what's on your retina) that the brain has access to and there is nothing for it to be inverted relative to. There is no \"flipping\" that the brain has to do.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-165", "score": 0.8348594903945923, "text": "Most on screen passwords are hidden in-case you have any shoulder surfers(people watching you type over your shoulder). WiFi passwords give you the option to either hide or show, in my opinion as WiFi passwords are normally longer than other account passwords they can be hard to make sure your typing correctly without seeing it" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2439349", "score": 0.7532625198364258, "text": "Is there a way to NOT have the HH3000 display the WiFi password when clicking on the “I”?", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1837279", "score": 0.7343019247055054, "text": "Every time I log on, it requires me to put in my password for my Wifi... is there a way to have it just remember the password so I don't have to do this every time? It's sort of annoying. \n\nI have the latest ubuntu installed, 12.10 I believe? I didn't always have to do this on older versions of ubuntu. Any advice is appreciated!", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1837471", "score": 0.7288176417350769, "text": "As in the title, is there such an option or do I need to input all of the passwords manually?\n\nRegards", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-80909", "score": 0.7285661697387695, "text": "There is no technical reason that prevents this. It's just not a popularly requested feature, because the more passwords you have on an account, the more likely an intruder can guess one of them.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1836645", "score": 0.7235960960388184, "text": "So I want when I start up my pc that I don't have to write my full password. How do I do this? A pincode is also okay", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1837096", "score": 0.7181493639945984, "text": "Hello everyone!\n\nI was thinking: when I login in public locations, everyone can see exactly how long my password is, just by looking over my shoulder. This is, I believe, a critical security flaw: brute force attacks are made almost infinitely easier if the target phrase has a known length.\n(Yes, I know you don't need to know the password to log in if you have unlimited access to the machine, which no one has but me. I'm just concerned with someone giving it a few tries while I'm not looking.)\n\n\nI am a regular Linux user. On Bash shells, if you have to input a password, you get no feedback, i.e., no dots, no asterisks, no nothing. If you get it wrong, you have another chance, and that's all.\n\n\nSo, does anyone know how to achieve this functionality in Win8, namely by hiding the dots that appear as we type the password?\n\nThanks a lot!", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2014491", "score": 0.7155855298042297, "text": "WiFi authentication is asked on every start-up. Any reason why this happens? How to circumvent this?", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-962358", "score": 0.7144696116447449, "text": "10.8.3\n\nYeah, I'm a moron and can't remember what I set it as. The module asking for a password doesn't have an option of displaying a hint either, which I'm sure if I saw, I would remember the password.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1835986", "score": 0.7139630317687988, "text": "Basically I'm trying to see the security of wi-fi networks before connecting to them. Wouldn't want to be syncing stuff on a WEP encrypted network, stuff like that. But I can't for the life of me find the encryption of the network I'm about to connect to anywhere. I can see it for the one I'm already connected to but that's pretty useless. Help?", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-742834", "score": 0.7099766135215759, "text": "Has it happened before? How do they avoid someone getting their password somehow? Am I dumb?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1835213", "score": 0.7086756825447083, "text": "Now my Ipad won't save wireless network passwords. Is there something I am missing?\n\nThanks", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1836622", "score": 0.7073273062705994, "text": "My computer is currently connected to a wireless network I share with my landlord. The wireless key is stored in the computer. I currently need the key and my landlord is away so I can't get a hold of him to ask him what the password is. Is there anyway to view the password from the stored info in my computer?", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1834870", "score": 0.7071956396102905, "text": "I've tried on different systems (Windows and macOS) but the \"Show Password\" option for saved passwords on chrome://settings/passwords no longer works. Anyone else experiencing the same issue?", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1836493", "score": 0.7054234147071838, "text": "I posted this question a couple days back on r/HowToHack but unfortunately most answers missed the point of the question entirely, so I'll try to be more specific this time.\n\nAs most machines don't have BIOS protection (especially Laptops) breaking into the machine most of the time is as easy as booting up your own OS from a usb stick. When you booted up, let's say your Kali stick, you have full read access to the harddrive.\n\nThis brought a thought to my mind that, when you booted up your own OS you should be abled to read various password-files such as the ones for, lets say wifi, which might lead to a privilege escalation within the network. (or free wifi, depending on what kind of person you are)\n\nDoes anybody know where on the disk Windows stores it's wifi passwords and whether/how they are encrypted.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1835252", "score": 0.7046365737915039, "text": "I'd like to login automatically into my user account, because I enter a password on boot due to full disk hardware encryption. However if I don't login with a password I can't use a keyring and am therefore saving passwords in plaintext.\n\nWhat do you suggest? Is entering the password twice the only way?\n\n**EDIT:**\n\nThe problem is solved more or less. Here's what I did:\n\n1. Removed the keyring manager\n2. Setup auto login\n3. Made sure the wifi config files in `/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections` are only readable by root: `-rw------- 1 root root mywifinetwork`\n\nThe problem with this solution is that not all apps that need access to passwords might have root priviledges. This is not the case for me, therefore I'll take it.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2062936", "score": 0.7040914297103882, "text": "I'm not a fan of the screen with the time, day, whatever just before I have to enter my password to my computer. Is there a way where when I wake up my computer from sleep mode (or turn on my computer) that it just goes right to where I need to enter my password?\n\nI've tried to google it and search other help threads, but most are basically explaining how to load directly to your desktop when you don't have a password, but I don't want to remove my password for such a small inconvenience", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2685942", "score": 0.7008457183837891, "text": "recently bought a tablet with Windows 10 and when I try to connect to the wifi it asked for a username and password, the password is normal but I have never in my life been asked for a username? Thanks in advance", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2293386", "score": 0.6996836066246033, "text": "I was able to get the handshake key using monitor mode. I took a wireless hacking class, but I'm stuck here. It seems useless to brute force a key. Are there better ways?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-16160", "score": 0.6996226906776428, "text": "[Key stretching](_URL_0_). The password you enter isn't used directly, instead it goes through another process which took relatively fast compared to user interaction, but slow enough to slowdown brute force attack.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-931209", "score": 0.699580729007721, "text": "1. Google stores your WiFi passwords in the cloud.\n\nI went to my boyfriend's place with my new Nexus 7, and I was amazed that it connected to his router immediately. I thought he might have switched security off by mistake, but no - somehow it synced my saved WiFi passwords from my phone...a bit eerie, but very time-saving.\n\n2. In the Chrome browser, if you click a link next to another link while the text is zoomed out, you often get a super-closeup of both links in a little popover window so you can tap the right one. I'm not sure what logic is governing it, because it doesn't always come up though...", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-166", "score": 0.7219400405883789, "text": "60 is easy to divide cleanly in multiple ways, and a number based on 60, such as the number of degrees in a circle, can be divided yet more ways. 60 can be divided by 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,15,20,30 and itself. This provides many easy-to-reckon, useful fractions. In the days before pocket calculators, slide rules, Napier's Bones, etc. this made life simpler." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-205055", "score": 0.6850953102111816, "text": "Just like a lot of time-measuring concepts (60 seconds / 60 minutes / 24 hours) it is thought that the 7-day week comes from the Near East around the time of the ancient Babylonians. While 60 and 24 are great number values for time (divisible evenly by lots of denominators) I'm not sure why weeks are 7 days. But we can thank the Babylonians for that.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-272344", "score": 0.6849912405014038, "text": "There's Roman numerals, although that's very similar to base ten. There's also [mixed radix](_URL_1_) numeral systems. For example, there's 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour, 60 seconds in a minute, and 1000 milliseconds in a second. So if you say something takes 3 hours, 12 minutes, 26 seconds and 412 milliseconds, you're not using any one particular base.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-139515", "score": 0.6849498152732849, "text": "The distances don't matter, what matters it the *angle*. A circle has 360 degrees, so minutes need to be 6 degrees (360/60) apart from each other. On the farther side of the ellipse the numbers are farther away from the center, so the same angle creates a larger distance between the numbers.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-143792", "score": 0.684848964214325, "text": "The [official US time](_URL_1_) is maintained by the [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)](_URL_0_) using ultra-accurate atomic clocks. The official SI definition of a second is the time that elapses during 9,192,631,770 cycles of the radiation produced by the transition between two levels of the cesium 133 atom. Atomic clocks are incredibly precise instruments that can measure those tiny fluctuations into atoms, and because those atoms are operating based on the fundamental laws of nature they are constant and unchanging. NIST also provides calibration services. If you need to know **exactly** how long a foot is, they're the guys to ask.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2166319", "score": 0.6844722628593445, "text": "Currently I use Seven Time. But I am looking for an alternative since it sometimes shows the wrong time.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-13706", "score": 0.6841984987258911, "text": "I'm assuming that you have a device that generates a number that changes every 60 seconds. The algorithm that generates the number is based on the current time, plus some extra encryption. Your bank has the encryption keys to be able to feed in the current time and get the same number. Plus, they usually allow the previous and next numbers in the sequence to work, too, and will adjust their timing on the bank's side to account for any clock drift on your device's side.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-216056", "score": 0.6840497851371765, "text": "Because we count the hours that *are*, not the hours that are *not*. The original 12-hour clock of the Babylonians (and the Romans and the Greeks) counted the number of hours during the day, and the number of hours during the night. They divided the day into 12 periods, and called each one an hour. There was the first hour, the second hour, the third hour, ... the eleventh hour, and the twelfth hour. There was no zeroth hour. And, this usage carried forward after the invention of mechanical clocks: each number on your watch represents the *end* of an hour, not the *start* of one. One o'clock (\"of the clock\") is the end of the first hour after noon or after midnight; two o'clock is the end of the second hour after noon/midnight; three o'clock is the end of the third hour; ... twelve o'clock is the end of the twelfth hour. Then, we say it's fifteen minutes past one o'clock = 1:15.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-187749", "score": 0.6832179427146912, "text": "The standard was that a day or more exact a solar day is the length of time which elapses between the Sun reaching its highest point in the sky two consecutive times. The smaller units was then defined as a fraction of a day. It was good enough initially. & #x200B; When clock got better we have determined that is is not good enough in the 1940s with new quartz crystal oscillator clocks and in 1950s it a fraction of the year 1900. & #x200B; In 1967 is changed to a \"the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom\" when atomic clocks was invented. That is still in used with the addition of \"at a temperature of 0 K\" & #x200B; So before the 1940s time was just a fraction of a day and it was good enough.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-263858", "score": 0.6831763386726379, "text": "Base-10 is not the only system used by civilizations. ~~[Egyptians](_URL_1_) used base-12~~, [the Babylonians](_URL_1_) used base-60 and the [Mayans](_URL_0_) had base-20. We still see these in our 24 hour day or 360 degrees in a circle.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-32269", "score": 0.6831004619598389, "text": "The Ancient Sumerian adopted a base 60 counting system for some unknown reason. The Babylonians copied them and used it for their astrological calculations. The Greeks copied the Babylonians. The modern world copied the Greeks. Historians suspect that the Sumerian adopted a base 60 system, because some people had base 5 counting system (one hand), base 10(two hands), base 12 (two hands two feet) and base 20 (10 fingers 10 toes). 60 is the smallest number that can divided by all of those systems.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-686435", "score": 0.6827751398086548, "text": "Okay I know certain time scales are concrete, like 365.25 is the amount of days it takes for earth to travel around the sun. And 1 day is how long it takes for earth to make 1 full revolution.\n\nBut why is there 12 months in a year? 7 days in a week? 24 hours in a day? 60 minutes in an hour? 60 seconds in a minute?\n\nWould a system with 10 months in a year (with 35 and 36 day months) not work out better? And then have 10 day weeks (with 3 day weekends / 1 and 2 day split off days).\n\nWhy not have 10 or 100 hours in a day and 10 or 100 minutes in an hour?\n\nSince we've switched to the metric system for measuring most things, why haven't / shouldn't we switch for time as well? Would it not be an easier way telling time? And more aesthetically pleasing...", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1047281", "score": 0.6827622652053833, "text": "Not just school days, weekends and holidays too. Mine is in exactly 60.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-118081", "score": 0.6824786067008972, "text": "Think of 12 as 0, so 12:15 would be 0:15 for being the 15th minute of the day before the first hour", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-246208", "score": 0.6818189024925232, "text": "Base 10 is not a human universal. This answer question: [Why is the clock not in base 10](_URL_0_) gives a full list of examples of non base 10 systems used for measuring time. Egyptians used base 12 because they counted the spaces between the knuckles with their thumbs. The french word for eighty \"quatre-vingts\" literally translates to \"four-twenties\" implying that after the fall of rome there must have been some non-base ten counting system floating around what is now modern day France. Base 10 seems so universal because the European nations that colonized the world used base 10.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-163845", "score": 0.6817577481269836, "text": "Neither. You just simply notice the time when you look at the clock. Any other times you look at the clock its just a time to you but since that number has some signifigance to you it seems to stick out", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-40171", "score": 0.6815391182899475, "text": "The modern words \"minute\" and \"second\" are actually only parts of the original terms, which were \"pars minuta prima\" (Latin for \"first small part\") and \"pars minuta secunda\" (\"second small part\"), respectively. The logic behind this was to split an hour into 60 \"first small parts\" and those, in turn, into 60 \"second small parts\". The pars minuta tertia and pars minuta quarta, sometimes even further increments, were originally devised as well, but eventually dropped because they weren't usually needed.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2799114", "score": 0.680996298789978, "text": "If it's 10:37 where you are it's not 10:37 in most other places. Each time zone is a different time scale in the same way that Kelvin is a different temperature scale from Celsius.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-94641", "score": 0.6807217001914978, "text": "Because it's shorter that way and it looks better. You can always see exact date by hovering over. edit: thanks for gold! you shouldn't have, stranger. edit2: for anyone interested how timezones for users are calculated and how many problems are with that, you should watch [this video](_URL_0_) mentioned by me and other redditors.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-139799", "score": 0.6799864768981934, "text": "Having 24 hours in a day comes from ancient Egypt. They had a 10 hour day (which was based on shadows), 1 hour of twilight in the morning and 1 hour of twilight in the evening, and 12 hours of night (based on star groups). However, the length of these hours varied throughout the year. The 60 minutes in an hour and 60 minutes in a day come from the ancient Babylonians. The Babylonians liked the number 60. Source: _URL_0_ Tl;dr Egypt gave us 24 hour days, Babylon gave us 60 minutes and seconds.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-167891", "score": 0.6798295974731445, "text": "It exists because the world is round. If 'noon' is roughly defined as \"when the sun is directly overhead\" than you have to change what time it is as you move around the world. We've roughly broken it up into 24 segments, each one where noon is roughly \"when the sun is at it's highest\" (please note that there are places with half hour timezones, and china is all one time zone despite being as wide as 4 time zones in other parts of the world). But you can't just keep pushing the clock forward forever, otherwise dates get all kinds of messed up. Greenwich, England was fairly arbitrarily chosen as the location of 'zero' time -- go west, you bump the clock backwards, go east, you bump it forwards. On the other side of the planet, -12 and +12 meet, and that's the international date line.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-168", "score": 0.745570182800293, "text": "When the water hits your taste buds, they are stimulated a little. The problem is they have been overloaded with sugar and acid, thus they are temporarily unable to *report* sugar and acid at that moment. Therefore they report the only thing left: alkaline (bitter) taste. Add that to the fact that most water has dissolved minerals in it that make it ever-so-slightly alkaline." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2764464", "score": 0.7070060968399048, "text": "Pretty straight forward;\nAnyone have experience or recommendations on dosages of pineapple juice to make my juice taste better?\n\nI've read that cutting red meat helps, but that's not something I'm willing to do.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-172435", "score": 0.7063353657722473, "text": "I would imagine you have chlorine byproducts that have dried on your lips and possibly in your mouth depending on if you swallowed any water as you swam. Then when you drink, those redissolve into whatever you're drinking. Should've showered thoroughly and maybe brushed your teeth first! Edited to add: Smell is a powerful component of taste. It could be you either got chlorinated water up your nose, or that your nose is so accustomed to the smell that your brain is processing as if the chlorine was still present, making the water taste bad.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-714474", "score": 0.7060767412185669, "text": "I usually follow this recipe from Mark Wiens. It used to be fine but the more times that I make it the more I notice a strange bitter taste to the salad.\n\nI pound the garlic and chillies in a stone mortar and pestle. I add the sugar, the fish sauce, and squeeze fresh lime juice into the mixture. I peel the papaya and hack at it with a knife. Yet it always tastes slightly off with the bitter taste that I can’t seem to get rid off, no matter how much sugar, fish sauce, or lime juice I put in.\n\nAm I doing something wrong?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1062162", "score": 0.7035180926322937, "text": "Hello, I have recently started to make my own kefir, both milk and newly water. I love the taste and I think overall it is doing a hell of a lot of good to me. But both types leave my tongue slightly irritated. I have the same when eating pineapple, so I am not overly worried, but I wanted to ask if anyone knows where that might come from and if it might mean that something's off.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-186415", "score": 0.7026472687721252, "text": "The way we taste bitterness differs from the way we taste other flavors. Bitter chemicals need to spread across multiple tastebud cells in order for a signal to be sent to the brain. It takes time for the chemical to spread out, so the taste is delayed. Meanwhile, the intense sweet and sour tastes in, for example, orange juice, are activating your brain much more strongly, so you might not even notice the bitterness right away. But the signal of \"I taste bitter\" lasts much longer than other signals (both because it's delayed, and because it's soaked into multiple taste cells), so it lingers long after you have swallowed.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-82457", "score": 0.7024614810943604, "text": "Tea contains tannins which need to aerate with oxygen in order to refrain from tasting bitter. This oxidation process is allowed to continue if you leave the lid off. If you cover the lid, then it goes to anarobic, or non-oxygen cycles. Levels of carbon dioxide increase and infuse into the tea, which creates the bitter taste. Carbon dioxide is naturally bitter when it effuses into the tongue via hot water since the pores open up.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2764380", "score": 0.6967397332191467, "text": "Disclaimer: I love Starbs and I’m not hating on them. I got the pineapple black tea infusion and it literally tasted like unsweetened pineapple water (if that makes sense). It said it has 4 pumps of liquid cane sugar, but I tasted no sugar in mine at all. So I was just curious if maybe my order got messed up? Or is it supposed to taste like that?Thanks!", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-60877", "score": 0.6960142850875854, "text": "The answer is a lot easier than you think. Apples, while brimming with water, are also chocked full of sugars. Tasting that sweetness before a drink of plain water is comparatively bland. Our bodies are built to prioritize simple sugars and fats, so it's only natural our senses hold bias towards them.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-38524", "score": 0.6956728100776672, "text": "The taste you detect with your tongue is relative. Imagine you drink something with a lot of sugar in it and then eat some fruit. The fruit will not taste as sweet as if you had drunk water or tea before eating it. The taste of water depends on what you saliva tastes like. Saliva contains, among others things different kinds of salt. If you do not drink water for an extended period of time, your saliva will have a stronger taste because there is more salt etc. in it. When you then drink water, you will water down your saliva and this might give you the sensation of tasting sweetness.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-47240", "score": 0.6940571665763855, "text": "Basically, your brain adapts to ignore the overload of sweetness from the juice after a while so it begins to notice the other flavors. To illustrate: Sour Taste Buds: Hey brain, we're noticing a litt- Sweet Taste Buds: IT'S REALLY SWEET!! Bitter Taste Buds: I'm getting a little bi- Sweet Taste Buds: OMG IT'S SUPER SWEET BRAIN, YOU GOTTA KNOW THIS. Brain: Ok, sweet taste buds. I get it. I'm muting your messages now. Now, who else has input? Sour Taste Buds: It's sour. Sweet Taste Buds: ^muffle ^muffle Bitter Taste Buds: It's bitter. You can get the same response if you eat someone sweet first like chocolate or candy, then drink juice or eat fruits.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1077410", "score": 0.6929355263710022, "text": "Since always water had this bitter flavor, people always say that water is flavorless but it's just wrong. Cold water is less bittery but still", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-322906", "score": 0.6910951137542725, "text": "Boiling water releases most of the gas (CO2, etc) dissolved in it. I feel comfortable saying that would affect the taste.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2761547", "score": 0.6910083889961243, "text": "I’m super sensitive to taste, and lately (past several months or so) the water at my house has started tasting really nasty to me. We’ve always used a brita filter, so there’s no changes on that front. I like my drinks really cold, but no matter how cold I get the water, it’s still nasty. I can barely make myself drink it. Ideas for how to make this bearable? I’m trying to lose weight, so I can’t keep drinking my calories with sweet tea, and I can’t stand unsweetened tea/coffee/etc.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-125159", "score": 0.6900173425674438, "text": "Your taste perceptions over time change. As children, things taste the most vivid because your taste buds are young. That means that bitter tastes are Ultra Bitter to children and this may be one reason that kids are said to hate vegetables. As you age, your taste buds lose sensation, so it takes more and more flavor to get that same taste perception you remember as a kid. so adults turn to hot sauces and bitter things.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-77467", "score": 0.6892496943473816, "text": "Going off A-Level Chemistry here but as liquids heat up, the solubility of gases in the water decreases. Therefore, say a gas was present in the water which was influencing the taste, once the water heated up, that gas could potentially fall out of solution and cause a change in taste. Another reason is carbonate ions, which could be present in the water, exist at different concentrations at different temperatures, and it's known that they influence taste. However, all this could be bullshit and I could just be making myself look like a fool. Hey, I tried", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-16316", "score": 0.6889375448226929, "text": "Kind of a compound answer. I'm assuming you mean you just brushed your teeth and now are about to chug a glass of OJ. Toothpaste is an emulsion and contains surfactants. The surfactants allow the toothpaste to become foamy when some water/spit is mixed in. Those surfactants effect one particular taste sensor, sweetness. It sort of molecularly blocks these receptors temporarily. So you've lost the sweet taste category of OJ. The second compounding reason is that the phospholipids (fats) in your mouth, on your tongue and cheeks and gums are broken down by those surfactants, allowing them to become more liquid and spit out when you're rinsing your toothpaste out. Phospholipids help block the bitter sensors in your traste buds. Without them, you'll taste more bitterness. So, you've lost your sweet sensors (temporarily) and you've amplified your bitter sensors (temporarily), making OJ just pretty gross.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-187163", "score": 0.6885838508605957, "text": "Although the other answers are correct, I don't think they speak to the phenomenon you're asking about exactly. What you seem to be describing - that sometimes when you leave water sitting in a glass for a long time it forms bubbles on the inside of the glass and sometimes it doesn't - it has to do with the barometric pressure! Water has gasses like carbon dioxide and oxygen dissolved in it. When you pour water there's a certain amount in solution. When the air pressure falls those gasses come out of solution and appear as bubbles on the glass! As to the change in taste, tap water is usually chlorinated and chlorine evaporates out of water pretty quickly, so that's responsible for some of the change in taste. Also if you leave it out it tends to absorb CO2 from the air which gives it a bitter-ish taste. There's probably other chemical changes that I'm not aware of.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-170076", "score": 0.6876105666160583, "text": "My guess would be the minty aftertaste. Same reason it tastes funny after chewing gum. I’m probably wrong but I figured I’d throw in my 2 cents", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-84011", "score": 0.6870001554489136, "text": "When water is splashed around, extra oxygen gets dissolved in it which makes it taste \"sweeter\". When water sits still for a while the dissolved oxygen floats to the surface and gets out, giving the water a flat taste.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-48348", "score": 0.6868621110916138, "text": "There are a few reasons, but in my opinion one of the main reasons has to do with evolution. Many things found in nature that are alkaline (having a pH higher than 7) are poisonous to humans so naturally we have evolved to find these tastes repulsive. Since soap is highly alkaline, it tastes bitter.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-169", "score": 0.7041066288948059, "text": "Like you're five? Because the grownups who make the drug (Sanofi) showed the grownups who regulate the drug (the Food and Drug Administration) that the drug is safe enough to take without needing the advice from a doctor. The drug itself does the same thing only now you don't need a prescription from the doctor. People get easier access the the medicine, the drug company gets to sell a lot more drugs, and pharmacies make more money because they're selling more OTC items. For more see _URL_0_" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-98815", "score": 0.6688595414161682, "text": "In the pharmaceutical industry, it has to do with patents. When a big research and development company puts millions or billions of dollars into producing a new medication they get the right to distribute it exclusively for a period of years in order to recoup the cost. After several years (7 I believe?), generic companies can reproduce the brand name drug at a lower cost because they did not need to pay for the years of research, development, testing, FDA approval etc. A generic medicine has the same active ingredients as the original but the inactive ingredients are probably different.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2418919", "score": 0.6687381863594055, "text": "I'm in Slovenia and here it is legal but only with prescription. I've read online that often times when people ordered their package got confiscated.\nI'm worried my package will get confiscated by customs too and the money spent will be all for nothing.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-181572", "score": 0.6682471036911011, "text": "Chemical precursors are procured, and then a series of reactions is carried out until you get the end product you want. [Here is a great NileRed video where he chemically converts Aspirin into Tylenol.](_URL_0_)", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1945855", "score": 0.6681782603263855, "text": "So my parents are running out of prescription drugs as they are one of those people who are stuck outside of Canada when the shutdown happened. They are locked down in a country that is containing this virus very well so decided to stay put instead of tempting fate by flying. They are old and in the very vulnerable age group.\n\nI called the family doctor for them and from what I learned on the phone is that they cannot fill the prescription for the drug they need \"Synthroid\" if they are not in Canada. The reason why I am doing this is because they cannot get the drug in the country they are in because China and India have stopped shipping the drug since January. So was hoping they can find some from Canada.\n\nMy question is, how do I go about getting this drug for them in Canada? I don't mind paying more for it.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2230632", "score": 0.6679071187973022, "text": "Hello ents! Im staying in Toronto this week and was wondering if it is possible to buy weed in any of the local dispensaries without a doctors prescription? \n\nGreetings from a fellow swede", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-142094", "score": 0.667574405670166, "text": "Because they can ask their doctors for this particular med. Many illnesses have a spectrum of drugs that can potentially treat it. And in many cases, whether drug A or drug B will work for you is just a complete gamble. A patient asking for a particular drug by name can help influence which drug a doctor will prescribe them. Obviously not to the point where you are getting a med you don't need (well, if everything works correctly). But if the doctor has diagnosed you with illness Y, and drug A and B have equal chances of working for you, drug B being named by name, can be that little nudge that is needed for drug B to be given.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1105820", "score": 0.6674057245254517, "text": "Alright, I don't blame people who have no access to dope for doctor shopping *but* many people still doctor shop and call in fake scripts when the do have access to good heroin. Insurance won't cover multiple pain scripts unless the same doctor wrote them so the cost of pills could get almost as much as heroin itself. However when you buy dope you risk short prison time or rehab as opposed to 5 year+ mandatory minimum sentences with almost ANY charge related to prescription fraud. In my state they might give you 10 years for calling in 20 vicodin. If there's so much more risk and it's only slightly cheaper then why do people risk federal charges? Hell you'd probably get less time for robbing a pharmacy than dicking around with doctors/scripts.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-128557", "score": 0.6671961545944214, "text": "Making something that does something interesting to the body without any side effects is really difficult due to how complicated the body is. And even if you could make a \"harmless\" drug, any risk of addiction or dependence would be an obstacle to legality.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1107795", "score": 0.6669981479644775, "text": "So my friend was saying in like Indonesia and places similar you can get things like ketamine, xans , opiates ect.... from the chemist without prescriptions , I didn’t totally believe it since I couldn’t find any information about that on google so I came here to see if anyone could shed some light , thanks", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-118704", "score": 0.6669672727584839, "text": "Patents. It would be illegal for the generics to be sold until the patents on the name brand drugs expire.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-436447", "score": 0.6667500734329224, "text": "If you live in Michigan, you can now get Naloxone for free with any insurance, even Medicaid without a prescription. Most Walgreens and Meijers are participating in this. I'm not sure if you can just go buy it if you don't have insurance. You might be able to, but I know for a fact you can get it for free with insurance due to a couple friends doing so in the last week. \nA few months ago our governor made it to where there is basically a state wide prescription for all MI residents that wish to get Naloxone. You can google and read the whole story if you wish. Just wanted to share. Have a great day friends. :)", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-70414", "score": 0.6665114164352417, "text": "The name brand version is typically that did all the research, development, testing, and patenting. The extra costs of that drug are associated with the cost of development of said product. Once a patent expires, the generics come out that typically use the same active ingredient. The inactive ingredients though can vary. These inactive ingredients can affect people differently. Because of that, some people can only use the name brand of a specific drug and some people can only use the generic of specific drugs. For most of us, it doesn’t really matter.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-80790", "score": 0.6664145588874817, "text": "They have to verify the prescription, check to make sure there's no conflicting meds, etc. Plus yours isn't the only thing they're doing so they have other stuff to get done.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2200348", "score": 0.6663904190063477, "text": "This is based off of assumptions on how the system works. The actual system is probably different, but I believe some points would still hold true.\n\nThe VA's spending on drugs is limited which means we have to use the generic drugs first before going to non-formulary (expensive) drugs. Obtaining non-formulary can be a difficult process for everyone. We have to have exhausted every formulary drug. In many cases, the provider knows that the best treatment would be a non-formulary drug before attempting all other avenues, still we have to try everything else first. Furthermore, if the generic is kind of working but has some quite inconvenient side-effects, we might still be stuck with that prescription. If you make it past all of the personal drug trials, then the the provider and pharmacy have to work through what I presume is a lengthy bureaucratic and difficult process to get the drug approved...as if they weren't over-worked already.\n\nThese drugs are expensive because one firm owns all of the drug; no other firm can produce and sell the drug. It's a literal monopoly for a certain amount of time which makes sense considering the research investment the drug company made. The patents/exclusivity help provide incentives to manufacture new drugs. However, the drug companies can exist because of service members who eventually become veterans. We compensate them for their medications upfront through our service. They can make profits because of what we did!\n\nSo, I believe the VA should be exempt from all of the drug patents and exclusivity, allowing it to use generic versions. The setup should be that no one make profits from the generic; it would exist only for the common good of the public. Perhaps a non-profit could manufacture them.\n\nIt's just an idea I had when I was sitting out in the backyard. I'm currently going through this issue where an outside provider (Choice Act) is insisting that I need a non-formulary drug and the VA pharmacy isn't allowing it...which I think is pretty messed up considering it's a clearly service-connected condition. \n\nThis post would not be complete ~~with~~ without the satirical use of \"Support our troops.\"", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-159683", "score": 0.6661717891693115, "text": "Over the counter products aren't required to be anything but non-harmful in order to be sold on shelves in the US, unlike medicines, which are required to be efficacious. It's illegal to misbrand make false claims as well, I.e. to sell pills that don't contain the ingredient the box claims, or to claim it does things that it doesn't do. USP, the United States Pharmacopeia, is a voluntary certification where the product is examined by a third party and found to contain the amount of drug that it advertises. If they meet the standards, they can put \"USP\" on their packaging and consumers know they can trust it. That's not to say that your pills don't contain what they advertise - they might contain it, and don't think it's worth their money to have it certified. So really, it's up to you to decide what you want as a consumer.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-15948", "score": 0.6660239100456238, "text": "We are a pharma loving people. There is a newer prescription pill epidemic and I think it partially reflects that. People tend to think that because someone gets a prescription for these pills that they are safe and sanctioned. And in ways it is better than heroin in that it is regulated. However, many people are going from the pill habit onward. I guess one could say that it is a gateway in that case. We also have really bad laws regarding less addictive substances. There are many ways to get them. Some people could be legitimately taking them but one of the hallmarks of addiction is gaining tolerance. Fraud and all kinds of strange deals are expected when someone is on these. It's surprising that the visitees were high functioning but IME they will either let the addiction go or let it take hold eventually.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-51619", "score": 0.6659569144248962, "text": "The vast majority of most pills is simply sugars and binding agents. Only a small amount (usually like 10%) of the pill is the actual medicine. Normally, it's spread around pretty evenly so as soon as it hits your stomach and starts to dissolve, the medicine is available. But by ensuring there's a layer or two of just sugar coating the bit with the medicine, your body has to break that down first before any medicine starts to trickle out.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-14164", "score": 0.6657147407531738, "text": "Are you talking about the prescription or the chemical? The chemical expires because natural processes break it down, and you need to use fresh supplies. The prescription has a fixed time period because conditions change and the right medication today might not be the right choice in the future. So, patients have to go back every year so that the doctor can discuss new research and change medication as required.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2487508", "score": 0.6656917333602905, "text": "I see there are many legitimate sites where you can schedule a call with a doctor and they will prescribe you whatever medicine the deem appropriate. The internet has sure come a long as compared to the old days with the Viagra spam and Canadian pharmacies.\n\nI have an idea for a condition that many people would like to get prescription meds for, but they may not want to go to their local doctor to get it, or its just easier to do online. Does anyone have any experience at all with this? Where could I find the laws/regulations regarding this. How would paying the doctor work? I have zero experience with healthcare, medicine, doctors, insurance, etc. Would I be in just way over my head?", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2812460", "score": 0.6653888821601868, "text": "A family member that I live with was recently told to stop taking a med shortly after filling a 90 day prescription for it. I have a prescription for the same medication and dosage that she was taking. It's a long-term med, not something like an antibiotic where you take a certain number of pills and stop.\n\nBecause I have to pay out of pocket for this medication, 90 days of it represents a few hundred dollars that I would have to pay to get this medication on my own. Since I do have a valid prescription, is it legal for me to take these pills?\n\nIn MD.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-170", "score": 0.6290252804756165, "text": "**NOT ELI5** The car's driveshaft also powers a *speedometer cable*, which spins a magnet around at the same speed inside the *speed cup*. This magnet rotates continually in an equal direction. This spinning creates a fluctuating magnetic field. The laws of electromagnetism dictate that a current must therefore flow inside this cup. This current causes the speed cup to also rotate. It attempts to catch up with the speed of the magnet. a *hairspring* stops this, so it only rotates a little. This small motion moves the dial on the speedometer a little. The stronger the current, the faster the cup rotates, the further the speedometer's dial moves. & nbsp; **ELI5** The driveshaft powers a speedometer cable, which leads to a magnet rotating inside a cup. A current is generated, and the cup tries to rotate also. A spring limits this, moving the dial. More current = more speed = dial moves further." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-183427", "score": 0.5975643396377563, "text": "The sensor beams an infrared light onto/out of the windshield. Raindrops will affect how this beam of light is bounced back into the sensor, so with that information it can determine approximately how much rain there is. & #x200B; [_URL_1_](_URL_0_)", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-110282", "score": 0.5975143909454346, "text": "Simple setups would just keep a counter and switch at predetermined intervals. More complex ones might use sensors in the road to try and determine how many vehicles and/or pedestrians have been waiting and how long and use some predefined algorithm to try and get as many people as possible moving at a given time.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-179179", "score": 0.59748774766922, "text": "They don't. They just move very, very slowly because they're very far away. Imagine driving on a road and looking at a mountain at the horizon. The mountain doesn't look like it's moving because it's far away, but it's obviously moving in relation to you, and after a while it will be obvious.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-192515", "score": 0.5974792838096619, "text": "Each GPS satellite just broadcasts where they are, and what time their clock says. That signal can be picked up by any number of devices that have line of sight to the satellite. The devices can then determine their position by trigonometry. Radio waves travel at a constant speed, so if you pick up a signal, and you know when the signal was transmitted, and what time it is now, you can determine the distance to the transmitter. With multiple signals from known locations, you can determine your own position.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-170471", "score": 0.5974630117416382, "text": "They use parallax measurements. As the Earth moves around the Sun, it causes our angle to distant objects to change. My tracking that change in angle, we can use trigonometry to figure out how far away the thing that we're looking at is. Try it yourself, look at a nearby object and walk around the room a bit while keeping your eyes on it. You see how you have to move your head to keep track of it. Now go outside, and look at a distant object. Walk around a little bit, and you'll see that you have to change the way your looking a lot less to keep it in sight. If you know exactly how the angle changed, and exactly how you moved, you could calculate exactly how far away the object is.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2293885", "score": 0.5974100232124329, "text": "Per title: my new SUV has two different horsepowers, one with 87 and one with 91+. How does the vehicle know what you put in it and what changes are made to the operation of the engine to extract the extra 10% horsepower premium?", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-738826", "score": 0.5973867774009705, "text": "When the conditions get bad and you can’t stop fast enough or don’t feel safe, you obviously slow down.. but at what point do you let other drivers know you are driving slow ? \n\nUsually on the highways the speed limit is 100 km/h. I want to be safe but I also want to let other drivers notify that I am not going the speed limit. \n\nOther than the obvious - staying in the slow lane.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-55656", "score": 0.597320556640625, "text": "It does, that's why you match tire size to rim. The numbers on the tire rating will change, ie if you have a 14\" stock wheel, your tire size is 195/75/R14 195 is your width in millimeters, 75 is the percentage of the width as side wall height (so 75% of 195mm) When you change to say a 17\" wheel, your tire size will alter to ~205/40/R17 This is to reduce the overall diameter of the rotating mass so it doesn't throw off your speedo gearing ratio, and the math's are correct. _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-80100", "score": 0.5972868800163269, "text": "Like you're five: Essentially, you can't know an objects position **and** speed at the same time. The Uncertainty Principle is more noticeable for small objects such as electrons rather than baseballs, but it's true for all objects. In order to know the position of the object with more accuracy, you must sacrifice the accuracy of the speed and vice versa.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-521505", "score": 0.5972328186035156, "text": "Ive been thinking of buying this 1986 300zx with a slighty damaged interior that i was planning to fix up anyway. I notice some 300zx's have a really cool digital dash with some cool green LEDs and such, the one im looking at currently has the standard clock speedometer. I see some digital dash clusters available on ebay, i was wondering if i could actually just swap them out, even if so by a professional mechanic?\n\nEDIT: Thanks for the helpful tips and answers, got it sorted out now :)", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-250566", "score": 0.5972250699996948, "text": "Short answer: It depends on who is measuring, and with what intent. I used to be an airline pilot, and wind speeds (for us) are measured at ground level (2m height) over an average of 2 minutes every 8 minutes. If the spread of these measurements was significant, a \"gust factor\" was added. i.e. 270/18g30 means that the wind is from the west at 18 knots in general, occasionally gusting to 30 knots. Naturally, the surrounding environment has a major effect on these measurements, and they are therefor taken in the least obstructed places possible within reason. When considering frontal movements, you have to view it in 3d - the speed of the front is not necessarily the same on the ground as at altitude - also, the winds in connection with the passage of fronts are very seldom the same direction as the fronts themselves.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-239442", "score": 0.5972210764884949, "text": "The tracks themselves have embedded information called servo codes that act like a map. The heads are moved by a voice coil motor and can read these codes and see how far they are from where they need to be and then adjust accordingly. Check [this](_URL_0_) out.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-52139", "score": 0.5972118377685547, "text": "In a car the speeds of the engine and the wheels are directly connected by the gearbox. The engine needs to be within a relatively narrow band of speeds to run efficiently and generate the best power, so you use a gearbox to allow the wheels to turn at a wide range of speeds while the engine stays within its preferred range. In a boat the propeller can move at a single speed and be providing forward thrust whatever speed the boat is moving at, because it can \"slip\" through the water. You don't need to turn the propeller really slowly to get the boat moving and then speed it up as the boat speeds up, so you don't need a gearbox allowing the engine to turn the propeller at a wide range of speeds.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2061740", "score": 0.5971765518188477, "text": "Data Sufficiency: \nJeff drove two laps around a track, Was his average speed less than 60 mph for the two laps?\n1. Average speed for first lap was 20 mph\n2. Average speed for second lap was 120 mph\n\nIt is said the answer is not C and not E, \n\nI am assuming A, because: \nIf we pick numbers for the distance of the lap, eg. 60 for first lap at 20 mph, t=3, then I checked the average speed if it was 60, then it would yield 120 (two laps) = 60 x t, t=2, 2-3 =-1, we can’t think of any rate that would allow the driver to go the reverse in time for the second lap, so I assumed it is sufficient to say that R is less than 60, so that the total time is not negative?! And the same method I applied to second statement?! \nBut comments say the answer B, and I can’t figure it out why... \n(I googled it but it isn’t even on gmat club, it is from the youtube tutorial, they left this question as a homework).... \nI’d appreciate your thoughts!", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1535034", "score": 0.5971677899360657, "text": "Speeding tickets are usually for speeding in a vehicle, but perhaps some countries have not specified that it must be using a vehicle.\n\nI do not know his top speed and how it relates to lower type of speed limits.\n\nPerhaps this is more of a r/showerthought", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-286057", "score": 0.597160279750824, "text": "An x km/h wind does not move at x km/h at every height. It's a gradient starting at 0 km/h at the ground, accelerating to x km/h at the measurement height, and possibly reaching much higher velocities at heights above local ground obstacles such as trees and buildings. As a result, the open windows of the vehicle will have some turbulence surrounding them and there will be some wind noise if x is high enough.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-281318", "score": 0.5971494913101196, "text": "It's all relative. When you talk about a vehicle traveling the speed of a bullet, (let's say 1500 feet per second, or a bit over 1000 mph,) you're talking about it moving that speed relative to the surface of the earth. You can't measure speed without it being in relation to something else. When you fire the gun inside this vehicle, the gun is already travelling at 1500 f/s. The bullet then is travelling away from the gun at an additional 1500 f/s, or, twice as fast as the vehicle you're inside. So relative to the ground, the bullet is travelling at 3000 f/s. It may look slower to you inside the vehicle, because to you already going 1500 f/s, it's only travelling a relative speed of 1500 f/s. Say you were on a train and the wall was missing, someone on the platform as the train zips by would see the bullet going 3000 f/s, and you going 1500 f/s. I'm not sure I phrased this very well, I hope it's understandable.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-188067", "score": 0.5971084237098694, "text": "The pitch relates to the RPM (revolutions per minute) of the engine. Current F1 cars rev to about 12500 rpm. A modern muscle car can rev to 6000-7000 rpm. In the formula 1 V12 era, engines would rev to about 18000 rpm. Here’s an example _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-114110", "score": 0.5971029996871948, "text": "Some newer car do have this feature. The auto industry is always going to be a bit behind the tech industry in terms of computer control features. On top of that the average car on the road is going to be significantly older than your average tech device.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2458613", "score": 0.5968326330184937, "text": "Strictly within city use. Highway/track performance and 0-100 is typically irrelevant here (unless it's stupidly slow like 0-40 in 20 seconds or something).\n\nAsking about both cars and bikes, i.e. both the best car and the best bike.\n\nFor cars both driving and backseat experience matter, so there's no one-size fits all answer. But if we segregate the two I think it's possible to identify separate cars for driving and being driving.\n\nMy opinion:\n\nCar:\n\nDriving:\n\nWithin the city typical speeds range between 40-60kph and major arterial roads up to 80kph if there isn't a lot of traffic. Needs to be not-irritating when in stop-and-go traffic. Automatic transmission optimised for smooth shifting is an absolute godsend. Torque converters/CVTs are typically better than DCTs, but with the right tuning the DCT is also a good. \n\nThe Jeep Compass seems like a good choice. Avoid big cars unless your route is never densely populated (and therefore probably not very broken roads too).\n\nChauffeur-driven:\n\nRolls Royce Phantom VIII eyes closed.\n\nBikes:\n\nI don't actually know how to ride a bike, so I can't answer this. But I imagine a medium-engine cruiser or standard bike would do well.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-172", "score": 0.651192843914032, "text": "\"Ennui\" (pronounced \"on-we\") is a pretty close fit. Also, it's French and they're very good at feeling empty and dissatisfied inside. ennui: 1. a feeling of utter weariness and discontent resulting from satiety or lack of interest; boredom:" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1289978", "score": 0.6186257004737854, "text": "the world doesn't feel like a place with actual people in it like in part 4 due to them not making many freinds and people who they will comeback to later like aya tsuji from part 4\n\nthe villan's background story's feel just slapped on\n\ngiorno feels really empty as a main character due to the other characters like bucciarati or mista getting more attention and character", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2433443", "score": 0.6186159253120422, "text": "There are times where I have no commitments or responsibilities and all the time in the world to relax. I'm really into gaming so I'll think I'll go play games, but what should I play? What console? Do I want a platformer or a FPS? Eh better not play games then. I guess I'll go practice music. But what do I practice? Do I do exercises or practice a piece of music? What instrument should I play? Jeeze all this time debating. Better go browse the Internet to at least do something while I think of what to do. Oh hey my weekend is gone. Guess I'll try again next week. \n\nOr I'll sit down and start doing something but I feel like I should be doing something else. So I feel guilty and stop doing what I was doing but I don't know what it is that I think I *should* be doing so I wait on the couch until I can figure it out. But that makes me feel guilty too so I pace around the house until someone asks for my help with something. \n\nEven boredom causes anxiety for me. It's so frustrating!", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2130069", "score": 0.6186014413833618, "text": "hi! i’m trying to come out of a major depressive period of my life and wanted to start by getting back into my favorite series of all time, danganronpa.\n\nit’s been a while though, so I’ve been wondering, how do you stay invested in the series? i know people tend to dip in and out of fandoms once they’ve finished a series but i want this to last", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1297605", "score": 0.6185980439186096, "text": "Hello, r/writing. I'm doing an exercise in video game storytelling, and long story short, I'm trying to come up with as many blatantly, comically depressing themes as possible. So far I've got:\n\nSuicide\n\nInfidelity\n\nMiscarriage\n\nChild molestation\n\nAnimal abuse\n\nSorry if this isn't the place for this, lemme know and I'll take it down right away.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1586764", "score": 0.618572473526001, "text": "My slowly beating and cold heartbeat racing through my ears. Paranoia was setting in as slowly but surely as the sun sets over the horizon at the end of our retiring days. Feet, tattered from running these poorly paved paths for hours, escaping from the beast within. I quietly thought in my mind among the cool, cold, lonely darkness \"what... what have I done?...\" I sat there for a long time expecting an answer, but there was none. That vague, misty silence just made myself feel even more alone than I already was, sitting on this stump in the middle of nowhere. A ghosted and cobwebbed old tea set, if you will, sat alone on this table perched atop a mountain, and I eyed it with a glassy and shadowed expression on my face, warped image reflected back to me from the glass. \n\nMy ears, lit up with the cry of the eagle, echoing bliss churning notes under and over the high reaching mountains. Poison was now slowly creeping up through my veins, reaching claws around my soon to burst heart, racing in fast, like a viper over hot desert sands. I looked around frantically, in search for a path down from this cliff among the oceans. Still looking at that tea set, desperation slowly clouded over my calm and dead blue gaze as I saw the dust collected from many moons. A tear, one single lonely tear, slowly dropped out of my left eye and splattered to the ground, making small ripples in the puddles below my feet, almost indistinguishable from the falling rain.\n\nI slowly extend my arm into the cool mist surrounding me, the sun rising over the horizon, marking the pass of another day wasted, never going to get back. I thought in my head, still sitting on this stump, \"what is the point...?\" and even though I knew I wouldn't get an answer, I anticipated a reply so dearly. My mind was made up, and there was no turning back, I already reached the halfway point and further on, the journey back would take too long. I got up, and overlooked the cliffs, drinking in my last few precious minutes on this world. Peering over the imperviously tall hills, seeing a broken and distorted expression looming back from the watery depths below, I closed my eyes, and jumped. Crashing into the waves, they slowly tore my body and bones apart against these sharp and crystalline rocks in the ocean. I was finally at peace, finally I did what I was meant to do, to leave this world and cast away my burdens and fears, and fling myself effortlessly into the crisp cold air.\n\nWrote this in my grade 7 math class, that stuff's easy.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-410765", "score": 0.6185639500617981, "text": "I've become increasingly obsessive with the BBC show \"Sherlock\". Obviously that means my browser history has a lot of Benedict Cumberbatch, Martin Freeman, Sherlock cast related stuff as of late. So I finally come across a fin fiction called \"Alone On The Water\". I'm very late apparently because it was written in 2011 :( but anywho.. And oh my gosh. I haven't been this emotionally distressed after reading something since Harry Potter years ago! I'm crying my eyes out! It was so beautifully written piece of fan fiction and I don't usually read them ever. Someone save me and talk to me about this depressingly beautiful work! Hopefully I don't get down voted to oblivion so can discuss this with others.\n\nTL;dr read the fan fiction, crying and would like to know if I'm not alone in this!", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1993154", "score": 0.6185621619224548, "text": "Be warned, this is a rambling post typed on my phone. Now that that's out of the way...\n It's been a long time since I've read fiction willingly, and even that was for school. A little background, I was homeschooled, and was able to skirt a lot of traditional \"required\" reading. I enjoyed The Chronicles of Narnia and such books but haven't found any fiction books that even look interesting to me. I've listened to a lot of self development audio books and watch a ton of YouTube videos on science and technology. I enjoy learning but fail to feel the benefits of fiction reading. Even though I know there are benefits.\n\nMaybe it's just fiction in general that I don't care for? I almost never watch TV. Outside of the occasional movie with my wife, any show I watch is somewhat educational. There aren't any series that I care to watch. I really don't know. But I feel kinda alone in not having a desire to consume any fictional material. I'm a very analytical person in some ways and I like to get straight to the point without the fluff. Just give me the synopsis.\n\n Is it just a personality thing? Am I uneducated, uncultured and unable to appreciate good writing? Have I just not found my genre? I don't know.\n\nIf you read this far, I hope I didn't waste too much of your time. I am curious to see who else was in a similar situation and if they found something they could really get into.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1152500", "score": 0.6185190081596375, "text": "I'm talking franchises like Fate, where no one really agrees where to start and what really matters to lore in the long run or not. Some franchises like that. I was also thinking of series like Kingdom Hearts, as well. Something in that vein.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1640452", "score": 0.6185038089752197, "text": "I realized the other day that I'm not interested in games as much as I used to be. Games, like mostly everything I do now, have become more of a way for me to pass the time than me actually being interested or invested in them. I haven't finished a game from beginning to end since 2016. In fact, I haven't bought a game recently unless they were on sale. I justify buying them by saying I'm saving money instead of whether or not I'm genuinely interested. I didn't think this was a problem until I saw a post somewhere earlier today saying you should only buy games you're genuinely interested in playing and know you'll spend hours in as you wouldn't buy them otherwise. Problem is I'm just not excited for anything that's out or coming out. It also doesn't help that I use a Mac now, so my library would be limited anyway.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2468590", "score": 0.6185007095336914, "text": "I am sure I’m not the first to ask, and there are probably other threads on this, but let me try to be more specific. \nI have been working on a book for a while, and after getting some constructive feedback on what I have so far I feel totally overwhelmed. The idea of revising it again is such a daunting task, especially since I have been working on this piece for so long. Has anyone had experience with this? Or just any advice to get motivated again? \nI’m 20 years old and this is the first time I have ever questioned my dream of being an author.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2752571", "score": 0.6184940934181213, "text": "Does anyone else feel lonely and empty despite having a fulfilling enjoyable life ? \n\nI have a fulfilling life with good friends around me I lift run and eat well Do the things I enjoy often yet I feel this deep sense of loneliness and emptiness whenever My head hits the pillow or even when I am out .\n\nIt’s like a lingering feeling that’s always there in the background and I don’t know what can fill this void for me.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2452695", "score": 0.6184912919998169, "text": "My country is in a lockdown for 2 more weeks. I do not expect normalcy to return even after that, but wish I could go back in time and buy myself \"The Way Of Kings\". I miss Brandon Sanderson so much. Sigh!\n\nAre there any books you wish you were reading at this moment?\n\nReposting after removing the part about my mental health", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1240371", "score": 0.61845862865448, "text": "It just dawned on me and I wonder how many out there are like me... Whenever I start a novel I almost must have its wiki opened in a different tab, specifically at the MC's power growth page, so I'll be able to check how close I am to breakthrough chapters.\n\nCouple of reasons can be attributed to this need, but they're not the subject of the thread, just my curiosity as to how many of you are the same. If however you want to bring up to discussion the source of this need, go ahead. Presently, I'm to lazy to overthink the smallest of my issues.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1148982", "score": 0.6184331178665161, "text": "I absolutely love feral. I love the aesthetic and the quests are always super fun, but I sometimes feel self conscious about playing since it's 13+. I'm only 17, so I'm aware that it's not a big deal, but I still feel awkward whenever games are mentioned in a convo and this one is the only one I play. \nIs it weird that I feel this way?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2686611", "score": 0.6183900237083435, "text": "It seems like no one wants to talk about it outside of dedicated Mass Effect forums. I think its because most gaming sites gave it a 90+ review and don't want to bring any attention to the fact that the consumer (the people they supposedly are serving) are not happy at all with the ending.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1769699", "score": 0.6183472871780396, "text": "I want to play iconic games like Banjo-Kazooie but I am geting bored.\n\nThe only reason I am playing these games are because of spoilers.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1847652", "score": 0.6183109283447266, "text": "Man, I can't even begin to describe my feelings these days. I love Rocket League, and Monster Hunter, and Persona, and a few games that I've genuinely had a good time with. But anymore, I feel like I could be doing so much more with my life. I try to talk to my friends about it—I tell them that if we stopped gaming, and we let our dopamine crazed minds get used to the difficulty that comes with other activities (my example being learning to play music) I tell them that if we did quit, we would be much more productive and willing to do things that are hard/boring (when on a plateau). I tell them, and they all agree, but no one actually wants to quit. No one wants to put the foot down. They tell me, well gaming is no different than doing anything else. They tell me that what you choose to do with your free time doesn't really matter. But I can't help but feel that we are being fucking lied to. I can't help but feel that we are all depressed and no one is willing to stand up, and that alone is what is keeping us playing video games. I've tried to quit Rocket League several times because of this, but then in the back of my head I think, what if I could get really good? What would happen? It's like my mind is telling me that I am missing out on Rocket League if I pursue life... and my gut is telling me I am missing out on life by pursuing a game. It's fucking twisted. \n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\nI don't know how to describe my feelings. I don't know where to even start, so here I am, on this subreddit. One could say I'm simply looking for someone to confirm my feelings. Could you guys tell me your experiences?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2567555", "score": 0.6183032393455505, "text": "I am writing this after a long day of classes. The semester is just about wrapped up except finals. I've done well and am on track to receive straights A's for the second semester in a row in a fairly demanding major. I even landed an internship position for this upcoming summer. But man, I feel so fucking empty. In January, my girlfriend of 2 years left me. She hasn't talked to me since except to tell me that she's happier without me. Clearly it's over and I'm not dealing with it well. I've been reading self-help books and began seeing a counselor because I didn't know how to deal with it. I have such strong feelings of regret and guilt. These feelings consume 95% of my thoughts during the day. I understand that this isn't helping anything, but it's the truth. The proper and logical viewpoint to take would be \"Okay, I fucked up. Humans make mistakes, and I'm no exception. This is an opportunity to recognize and address *my* faults as a person and boyfriend.\" However, the regret, loneliness, and sadness continue to cripple me. I get out and do things, but like I said the thoughts are always there. By the time I get home, or even on the drive home, I feel like a shell of a person. Like now. I feel empty. I feel hopeless about any future relationship. I feel like a shitty human being. All I want is a hug and to cry on someone.\n\nAs I continue to see my counselor, it's becoming clear that before my relationship with my ex I was depressed. Since I was a teen, I remember having a strong sense that I needed a girlfriend in order to be happy. In high school I had a traumatic experience in which my parents forbid me from seeing my then-girlfriend of 2 years. They accused me of beating her (I didn't). They called me a woman-beater, took the doorknob off of my bedroom, took the TV out as well, and my dad smashed the guitar that my grandma got me as a birthday present. All of that happened overnight. I remember feeling so alone and sad with no one to really go to. My parents were the ones calling me inadequate, and this exacerbated things since they isolated me. I coped with this through pornography and masturbation. Those feelings festered while I impulsively and desperately went from girl to girl seeking approval and acceptance, until I ended up dating my most recent ex. \n\nI won't go into the details of the relationship, but like any it had it's problems. Neither of us were perfect, I get that. Still, the regret persists. I don't have much support. I have a twin who knows I'm in counseling, but he doesn't truly know the degree to which this is affecting me. My counselor is the only one I can genuinely open up to, and waiting for that 50 minutes once a week I tend to grow anxious and impatient. I'm growing apathetic towards life in general and I feel hopeless. The pornography and masturbation thing has never really went away, and I've recognized it as an escape as I turn to it almost daily. I should stop, but it's one of the only pleasures I ever get out of life anymore. Wow, that's depressing to admit. Anyway, I haven't told my counselor about this yet, but I feel like my brain chemistry is probably so screwed up by now because of this (I'm familiar with /r/nofap). Between that and my experience with my girlfriend in high school, I also feel like I'm screwed up psychologically. I feel so broken. I'll note that I'm in the process of switching counselors since the one at my university who I currently am seeing is only meant to be temporary. I hope to talk about these things more in-depth with the new one.\n\nMy current counselor has suggested medication on multiple occasions. I'm apprehensive about this, but these feelings feel so permanent and endless. I still feel devastated about losing my ex after four months, and I find it difficult to take pride in my accomplishments or have hope for the future. I don't have a plan or intend to commit suicide, but lately I've been wanting to be dead.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-369112", "score": 0.6182880401611328, "text": "The ending to the story seemed abrupt and I felt like I was missing a step. Am I in the same page as everyone?", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2222123", "score": 0.6182843446731567, "text": "I found the last page incredibly beautiful and haunting. Ennis really nailed it with his second run. I know he never intended to go past his first arc but I think he's on a path to do something truly great with this series. I've also been reading the web series and Psychopath, which is well done for what it is but nothing compared to when Ennis has a hold of it. I'm kind of bummed all I have left to read is Family Values. I like Lapham but the appeal of an exploitative take on this concept only goes so far. Not that Psychopath wasn't well-written and, frankly, pretty imaginative, but I feel like I'm sitting through an Eli Roth movie instead of something with real substance. Anyway, I'd love to discuss the series if anyone's up for it. And if you could post how to use spoiler-tags, it would be greatly appreciated as I always fuck them up.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-173", "score": 0.7423647046089172, "text": "Your conscious brain loves it, but your subconscious brain realizes that alcohol is inherently bad for the body, and causes you to shudder. It's a subconscious survival mechanism that you're overriding with your conscious brain." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-133947", "score": 0.6988309621810913, "text": "I drink alcohol quite often and I have never understood this sentiment. I have friends who swear that, for example, tequila makes them angry, brandy makes them blackout, whiskey makes them friendly, scotch makes them a jerk and bourbon makes them giddy. (Perhaps the most humorous thing about this is the fact that brandy, whiskey, scocth and bourbon are actually remarkably similar and some are even the same, but are called something else because of the region that they're made in) I believe it's all placebo...and that's coming from someone who is actually very susceptible to placebo.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1593178", "score": 0.6977120637893677, "text": "Are there any well-known explanations for why those foo-foo girly drinks make with vodka and cheap tequila at parties will force me to contemplate suicide after only a few drinks, meanwhile I can polish off an entire bottle of Bulleit and wake up feeling like daisies?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1062444", "score": 0.6958821415901184, "text": "Note, this particular incident happened five years ago and I haven't been able to drink more than a shot since. I want to get back into it and be able to enjoy finer whiskeys, bourbons, and scotch, so how can I fix this problem?\n\nEdit: Wow! I had no idea there was a medical term for this. I'm going to look it up now and see what I can do about it. Thanks so much, everyone!", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-161752", "score": 0.6931726336479187, "text": "It's dilution, pure and simple. Because most whiskey has high alcoholic content, there is likely to be some \"burn\" in the taste or smell. By adding some water, you dilute that, which allows some of the more subtle flavor to emerge (because the more aggressive flavors are lessened). In theory, you could dilute an entire bottle to the same effect. However, as taste is a purely personal experience, it would be highly impolite.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-887618", "score": 0.6931688189506531, "text": "I bought shots of Jim Beam vanilla whiskey just to try and see if I could get a little buzz and I couldn't even swallow it. I gagged and it came out my nose. Most disgusting \"drink\" I've ever tasted. How do people drink this stuff?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1270614", "score": 0.6913898587226868, "text": "I can't quite put into writing the reason why alcohol is actually a fundamental component of scotch, and not just a result of the production process.\n\nIs alcohol just some sort of \"noise\" to the taste for you?", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2037806", "score": 0.6909515857696533, "text": "When I drink with friends, I almost always end up puking. I have fun for a while but there’s always someone who ends up pushing drinking on me a bit much. \n\nWhen I drink alone, it’s just me and my delicious whisky. Idk what I love more, the sway of my mind or the taste of it. \n\nDrinking with friends is fun but I always end up drinking way too much. \n\nAlone I’ll stay in the sweet spot for hours.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1010567", "score": 0.6894951462745667, "text": "Hello! A while back, I was having a nice night to myself, after spending the day with my mom in the hospital (she was hit by a drunk driver.) I remember seeing someone very, horribly ill in the waiting room and thought to myself, \"I'm going to catch that....I bet you...I'm going to catch it.\" \n\nAnyways, while at home a few hours later, I was having a whiskey sour, and three of them in...I randomly get horribly, horribly, sick (stomach flu) for days I was bedridden.\n\nNow, it seems like my body is blaming the whiskey? I cant bring myself to pour a glass without gagging. \nI know it wasnt the whiskey that got me sick, so how do I rebuild my taste for it? Any suggestions?", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2037949", "score": 0.686656653881073, "text": "god. i hate whiskey its always been too gross for me but i assume this is what the changes are that come with leaving whiskey out for a while cause it never burned like this\n\ndisgusting\n\ni have a brand new bottle but i wanna finish off what i had :(\n\nim going skating tomorrow (er today) at 10am and then to a club wish me luck bbs\n\nanyways recommend songs and netflix movies down below !! :))", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2036159", "score": 0.6849368810653687, "text": "I'm a very big fan of whiskey, and I'm a regular in my local distillery, but I've recently started medication which makes me increasingly anxious whenever I drink. Are there any non alcoholic or low alcohol alternatives available that still taste like whiskey, or at least taste good in an old fashioned? Based in Ireland if that helps!", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-72735", "score": 0.6800763607025146, "text": "They could also just be experiencing a placebo effect. It's a well known myth that whisky makes you angry, tequila makes you crazy, wine makes you sad etc. so when people drink these, they create a self-fulfilling prophecy and act in those ways just because that's how they think they should act.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2433941", "score": 0.6799678206443787, "text": "So I thought, with two small kids and an inability to go out, why not bring the bar to my own home? I’ve stocked up a great collection and I’ve been enjoying the long list of options it provides me with, but making my rounds means I often don’t drink the same bottle more than twice a month. \n\nI recently started reminiscing back to when I first fell in love with whisky and bought one bottle at a time, cherishing it and getting to know that bottle inside and out with a dram of it every day until it was gone. By the time that bottle was finished I felt an attachment to it, because we went on a journey together and I was sad to bid farewell to it. \n\nI know this is totally a first world problem, but I worry that while my collection of about 35 bottles allows me to have a different dram every day which is cool, I may not be forming the same connection with each bottle that I used to. \n\nHow do you all cope with obsession of collecting, while still throughly and deeply enjoying every bottle at the same time?", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2762698", "score": 0.6799108386039734, "text": "I remember hearing that whiskey mixed with milk is delicious, but I’ve never tried it myself. Would you guys recommend it?", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-39511", "score": 0.6778393387794495, "text": "I would imagine it happens with spirits and not beer because of the alcohol content. Beer is averagely 4/5% whereas whiskey is around 40%.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-900674", "score": 0.6766583323478699, "text": "I have drank that shit before it tastes like crap. They gloat and go on and on about it and it drives me nuts! When does it stop? Why do they make such a big deal out of something that tastes like shit? Whiskey all the way!", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1414793", "score": 0.6742305159568787, "text": "I’ve always enjoyed whiskey of all sorts and spirits in general. Yet apart from peat/smoke, I can almost never discern any of the other flavors or aromas people describe in reviews. Same thing with wine. To me, something tastes good or it doesn’t. I feel like all of the analysis of the flavoring just doesn’t do anything for me except give me the sense I’m missing something. \n\nLike there are reviews of a whiskey that says it has a certain flavor, I try it and don’t perceive anything like that. It just tastes of whiskey. Like I perceive a spectrum of peat, sweet/rich vs mild/delicate, and smooth vs harsh, but I don’t really pick up anything else that I can describe. I don’t really see what people are talking about when they say something has heat in the finish or an oily mouthfeel or has an oaky or leathery flavor. I’ve never eaten oak or leather so maybe that’s it? Like I’ve tasted dozens of, maybe over 100, whiskeys and I would never be able to say- whiskey X has a better mouthfeel/finish than whiskey Y.\n\nWhenever I read a review I feel like either I’m somehow doing something wrong, or else everyone is taking the piss writing pretentious drivel about stuff they can’t really taste either. Like reviewers say they perceive 5-ish flavors and I don’t even perceive a single one of them when I’m looking for it.\n\nWhat am I doing wrong? Am I even doing something wrong? Does trying to determine the flavors make drinking better?", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2704249", "score": 0.6721943616867065, "text": "Yea after 2 beers or so I got this aftertaste of liquor in my throat as if I've drank vodka (only can handle vodka so idk if others do this) and I mean that taste of liquor after I've almost had too much. It's the taste for me that says one more and you will be sick though I don't feel that way. I always drink the same beer and I'm confused. \nLast night was the first time and again tonight it's just weird and I couldn't find any on Google either. Any ideas, its just bothersome as I cant stand liquor anymore so I hate the taste it leaves.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1923771", "score": 0.6716975569725037, "text": "What am I doing wrong, or is this common?\n\nI've read that with bourbons you put some in your mouth, then breathe in over it. Do you do this with Scotch as well?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-191414", "score": 0.6709556579589844, "text": "I would imagine its not whiskey that changes texture but delicate skin in your mouth and tongue react to being bathed in strong alcohol.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2037310", "score": 0.6708521246910095, "text": "I'm not in denial. I definitely have a problem. But it's a problem I don't want to solve because drinking provides me with so much pleasure. I know there are definitely other ways to get that feeling but I feel unmotivated to seek them out. Sidenote: I'm slightly below the legal drinking age in my country.\n\nHas anyone else experienced this? Any magical words of wisdom to make it go away? (I'll settle for non-magical ones too)\n\nEDIT: Wow, holy goodness gracious. I've never felt this much empathy all at one time before. No I'm not crying, I just have dirt in my eye. Thank you everyone.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-174", "score": 0.7394344806671143, "text": "Your bladder only sends the \"time to pee\" message to your brain when it reaches a certain level of fullness. So the amount you pee out doesn't just represent the glass of water you just drank, but all of the water you have drank since the last time you peed plus the water your body needed to dissolve the waste products it excretes in urine (urea, creatine and some other compounds)." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-12978", "score": 0.7022401094436646, "text": "Could be a bit like 'breaking the seal' when you're out on the beers. When you haven't peed for a while, the walls of the urethra a stuck together, along a lot of it's length. It's also relatively dry. It takes a relatively full bladder to force the urine down the urethra to open it up. Once you've peed. The walls of the urethra are now wet. It now takes far less urine to un-stick the walls as they are now relatively lubricated. So If you've peed once, your bladder barely needs to fill again before you get the urge to pee.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-284529", "score": 0.7019146084785461, "text": "It's a guaranteed 100%, and you don't even need to do any fancy statistics. Pour yourself a glass of ice water. What happens? Water starts condensing on the sides of the glass. Some of those water molecules are from your body, that you drank previously. You are actually breathing out water molecules which condense on the glass. Take a sip from the glass and some of that condensation will enter your mouth again, meaning you drank the same molecule twice. Additionally, as you drink from the glass you will leave some saliva behind, that is more water from your body. Take another drink and you're ingesting that saliva, drinking the same water again. There are probably many other ways that you could drink the same water molecule twice, but this is the one of the easiest and most certain ways.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1498473", "score": 0.7016569375991821, "text": "I have had this problem for some months now. I have this feeling of needing to pee or else i will pee my pants. I always have to hold back if you understand what i am saying. When i go to the bathrom it May not be more than a tiny little stream, and then i would be back to feeling like i need to pee the second i leave the toilette. Sometimes i manage to ignore it, but most of the time i need to hold back. I dont know if this is normal, but as of how i understand my friends, they dont have it like this at all. Also i dont think it is from drinking too much coffe, due to the fact that i have not drank coffe the last couple days. Any help is apriciated\nEdit:\nI am abaout 173cm high\nWeight araound 60kg", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-152201", "score": 0.7015904188156128, "text": "Concentrated urine irritates the bladder, intensifying the need to pee. Often times dehydration(less water in bladder) leads to concentrated urine. Stay hydrated, thats the secret of life or something. I'm sure theres other reasons too,", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-151837", "score": 0.7013463973999023, "text": "Alcohol is a diuretic (which basically means \"something that makes you pee\"). It does this by affecting a hormone called [vasopressin](_URL_0_) (simple wikipedia link). Regular function is something like this: concentrated blood (too little water) -- > pituary gland makes more vasopressin -- > kidney -- > reabsorbs water, makes blood more dilute and you make less urine. Alcohol lessens the production of vasopressin which leads to your body getting rid of more water by urinating. And when you keep drinking more alcohol the body thinks it's ok to keep the urine production up.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1496820", "score": 0.7002223134040833, "text": "So, over the summer, I started drinking a lot of water. It kinda crept up on me, but now it's to the point where I need to go and pee about every 45 minutes or so. At first I was worried I may be diabetic, but I got tested and it looks like I'm alright. I've managed to slightly cut down on fluid intake to the point where isn't ridiculous, and I'm getting better on that front. \n\nHowever, there's still a nasty holdover from before - I can't stay asleep longer than a REM cycle because I need to wake up and pee. This happens even if I don't drink anything for 2 hours or so before I go to sleep. It got to the point where I can guess what's gonna be on the clock if I know when I last passed out to within about a couple minutes. This has been happening since july or so, and I'm at my wits' end - it's to the point where the space above my eyes is dark enough it looks like I'm wearing makeup. I guess at this point it's just a habit my body has built into itself? I have no idea. Any recommendations would be helpful, I just want to sleep through the night again.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-308687", "score": 0.7000208497047424, "text": "Your bladder doesn't have a way to reclaim liquid. When you're dehydrated your kidneys work to reclaim liquid, but once your urine is in your bladder you'll end up peeing it out. In a survival situation you can create a still with plastic sheeting to get pure liquid water from your otherwise very concentrated (read: not good for drinking) urine. Or hope you crash landed in a temperate environment with fresh water.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-21129", "score": 0.6997348070144653, "text": "If I sit around I tend to not drink as much water as normal, and when I'm dehydrated I have these exact symptoms. Maybe it's that.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-303692", "score": 0.6996582746505737, "text": "If you become thirsty, your body begins creating Antidieuretic hormone (ADH), which is made in your hypothalamus. ADH is what regulates water retention in the kidneys. High levels of ADH cause the kidneys to conserve water, creating more concentrated uring. This reabsorption of water occurs in the kidneys. After the urine is formed in the kidneys, it travels down the ureter and into the bladder where it is stored before being expelled. The ureter is a one-way street. Once urine is in the bladder, there is only one way out, and that's the standard method of expelling urine.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-778298", "score": 0.6995740532875061, "text": "I'm a fairly big guy, weighing 185 pounds at 5' 9\". I started exercising again (doing ICF and HIIT on a cut) and drink about a bit more than a gallon of water per day. Drinking that much keeps me hydrated and happy but I'm having to go to pee so frequently that it's getting annoying. Since I just started working out consistently and drinking so much water, maybe my body isn't used to having to consume so much water. Over time will I have to pee less?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-147679", "score": 0.6994959115982056, "text": "Urination isn't the process of expelling excess fluids, exactly. It is the process that the body uses to get rid of waste (called nitrogenous waste) that builds up in blood as a result of normal cellular functions. The kidneys filter out this waste and use whatever amount of water the body can spare as a mechanism to remove the waste from our system. If you are very hydrated your urine will be lighter in color because there is more water per unit waste. If you are dehydrated, there will be less water per unit waste. So your body couldn't survive if it just stored that fluid instead of using it to get rid of waste. Technically, your body is making very good use of that water by expelling it. Source: I teach college level physiology.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2179035", "score": 0.6993298530578613, "text": "NOT AN URGENT MEDICAL ISSUE, JUST A QUESTION -I've been drinking an average of three regular sized glasses of water a day, pretty inactive (i.e at desk all day.) Been noticing that my urine is almost always completely clear this last week and a half, which is unusual for me - and considering the fact that I should probably be drinking something closer to the 8 range :P Do I need to be drinking more if I'm seemingly well hydrated already?\n21F.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-136981", "score": 0.6992731094360352, "text": "Alcohol, in lower doses, widens the blood vessels much like what would happen when you exercise. This allows more blood to your cells and therefore, more oxygen and nutrients as well as more lactic acid on other bye products from the cells. This is also the reason you have to urinate more frequently when you drink.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-93325", "score": 0.6992605328559875, "text": "The plumbing in your toilet looks something like [this](_URL_0_). Your urine does raise the water level. But when the water level goes up, the extra water spills down the pipe on the other end.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-110818", "score": 0.6991592645645142, "text": "Your liver requires a lot more fluid to filter out the alcohol in your blood. Or something to that extend.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-107383", "score": 0.6990672945976257, "text": "> Can anyone explain why tea seems to fill my bladder more than other (cold) drinks? Tea contains caffeine which is a diuretic, a substance which increases the volume of urination. It tells your body to shed more water than it normally would which of course results in more urine. Another notable drink that increases the need to pee is coffee.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-88866", "score": 0.6985998153686523, "text": "Because pee isn't a direct translation of what you drink. When you drink something, you're digestive system basically absorbs all of the water and it goes into the blood stream. Your blood is then filtered by your kidneys of impurities and excess water and that's what pee is. Anything that's not water is passed through and comes out in your poop :)", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-145143", "score": 0.6983097791671753, "text": "The stream of urine stimulates the same nerve endings that cause orgasms. You are experiencing tiny pee-gasms. It happens much more often to men than women.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-73321", "score": 0.6980975866317749, "text": "When you ejaculate, semen travels through the urethra, in the same path urine takes. A bit of this semen will remain in the pathway afterwards. Having some fluid there reminds you of the sensation of peeing, and makes it feel like you're holding some in or need to go. You don't actually have any more urine there or anything, and ejaculation isn't affecting your bladder somehow. The bits of semen leftover will be flushed out when you pee. A lot of things can effect this, like how much semen you produce, the force of the ejaculation, general differences in anatomy, how much attention you pay to small feelings. So it happens more noticeably for some guys than others.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-37689", "score": 0.6979597210884094, "text": "It's because our bladder is constantly being refilled. We just learned to not leak all the time. Your poop doesn't come in a steady stream and chances are that while you are sitting there that there is also some urine to get rid of by the way.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-175", "score": 0.7664512991905212, "text": "Proteins! There are *many, many* proteins in your body that have a specific job of keeping your DNA tangled/condensed the perfect amount. There are topoisomerases, a family of proteins, that specifically twist/untwist your DNA to introduce/remove \"supercoils\" (like what would happn when you twist an elastic band) to condense it or expand it. There are some proteins like histones to which the DNA will almost always be attached. The histones kind of serve as a backbone for the DNA; a place for the DNA to organize itself. Of course, this is just the very basic level of proteins. There are many more proteins and ways to organize DNA. It's always proteins!" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-51211", "score": 0.723027229309082, "text": "Entropy. There are basically infinite configurations for a cable to be \"tangled\", and only a few where it is neatly coiled. As the cable moves around randomly in your pocket, the odds are hugely in favor of it going from an organized state to a disorganized one. It's theoretically possible for you to put a cable in your pocket tangled, and find it neatly coiled later, but it's so unlikely that it will practically never happen.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-302154", "score": 0.7189176082611084, "text": "Because a general molecule of DNA is stable itself and doesn't tend to bond with other DNA molecule: the 3' end ends with a -OH group, while the 5' end ends with a phosphate group. The DNA ligase then removes the OH^- and binds the two segments together. To do this it requires energy, given by ATP.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-287965", "score": 0.7181686758995056, "text": "Yes! The amounts of hydrogen bonds between C-G bonds do make it more difficult to separate. Origins of replication (where we start copying the strands) are found in A-T rich regions where the strands can be more easily separated.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-69321", "score": 0.7181127071380615, "text": "It does untangle over time. However,the rate of tangling is higher. It's entropy at its best.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-160954", "score": 0.716922402381897, "text": "Thank [Knot Theory](_URL_0_). Basically, there's only one configuration in which wires aren't tangled, and pretty damn close to infinity ways that they can be. Put into a probabilistic sense, once wires are allowed to slip past one another, the probability that they'll form a knot versus returning to straight is incredibly lopsided. And that's why swear words exist.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-128945", "score": 0.7163283228874207, "text": "Entropy, there's only one way for them to be untangled but billions of ways for them to be all tangled up. Any change of state, say they get jostled or moved about will statistically lead them to be tangled as opposed to untangled.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-266633", "score": 0.7162943482398987, "text": "Actually, it's that there are very few ways where you can be untangled. If you have two strings that start parallel and are in a confined space, you can only really call them untangled if they remain in that initial state or a state very similar to it (a low chance, as this is only a few states of many), or end up being located far enough from each other that they can't tangle with each other whatever they do (also a low chance in a confined space, depending on how small the space is). For any other configuration - twists, loops, knots, whatever you want - there are many more possible choices. For example, you can add many more combinations to the initial parallel strings just by twisting them together, dependent on where the twists are, how many twists there are, and so on. Add more strings, and the amount of combinations where *all* of them stay untangled gets very low indeed!", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-47500", "score": 0.7139620780944824, "text": "This is actually a question that has been heavily researched without an obvious answer. from a scientific viewpoint it can be vaguely explained as such: there's trillions of different ways cords can tangle, but only one very very specific way to untangle them. the cords may have energy inside of them resulting from scrunching them (kind of like a spring). this energy could get released over time and since there's so many ways for something to tangle but only one way to untangle, it gets tangled when that energy is released", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-26708", "score": 0.7128990292549133, "text": "Entropy man. It takes more energy to keep something \"clean\" or \"arranged\" than it does to let it go to chaos and become a mess. Put a bunch of strings in a box and shake it. Things will get tangled up quickly, and take more time/energy from you to untie/unknot the item(s). User /u/crnaruka answered this best in this thread: _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-257045", "score": 0.7107338309288025, "text": "Looks like a single stranded binding element to stabilize the unwinding DNA.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-111303", "score": 0.7083622217178345, "text": "That is its own type of Research! [Knot theory!](_URL_0_) The basic gist is that there are just one way of your headphones staying neat when moved, but billions of ways it can twist and turn to tangle itself. As the theory says, the longer the loose string is, the bigger the chance of it knotting. This is why it happens less if you fold it neatly together in various ways. Personally i use those metal strings encased with plastic who you get with packaging. They do a good job keeping thin wires like headphones neat.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-171304", "score": 0.7069311141967773, "text": "Imagine you had a really long ball of yarn and 2 time little loops. You can only look at the yarn that is perfectly in the middle of these 2 loops and you need to inspect all of the yarn. You will pull the yarn through but notice that each time you cannot inspect the end pieces of yarn so you cut them off. The protein/enzyme that duplicates DNA works like this, it needs to hold the DNA at 2 points basically and near the ends of the DNA it will only be able to hold it at 1 point and as such will only be able to copy so much DNA.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-644603", "score": 0.7063983678817749, "text": "Videos I see show them usually unwinding/relaxing DNA, but I thought they could do both.\n\nAny help clarifying this would be greatly appreciated, this stuff is so confusing. Thanks", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-295555", "score": 0.7058075070381165, "text": "It comes back together. When DNA is being transcribed it typically does not involve the entire genome at one time, so pieces of the DNA will open up for the gene that need to be expressed at that time while other locations stay stuck together. When the gene is done being transcribed, the strands can link back together.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-273309", "score": 0.7057616114616394, "text": "That seems to be a physics question and the answer is probably that there are much more possibilities for tangling the cords up (or staying tangled up) than there are for untangling them when they are randomly moved around. It's basically the second law of thermodynamics.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-40795", "score": 0.7046946287155151, "text": "There was an ignoble prize a few years ago for answering a similar question. It was for proving that string like objects will inevitably tangle. The short version is this. With some movement of the strings there are very few ways the string can sit that isn't tangled, while there an almost infinite number of ways for the string to sit that is tangled. The difference in the number of ways the string can lie tangled vs untangled is so large that it ends up having a 100% chance of tangling. For the jewelry box, opening and closing the lid/drawer, or disturbing the box while putting in or taking out jewelry would cause enough movement of other jewelry in the box to cause them to tangle over time.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-265094", "score": 0.7043653130531311, "text": "DNA is composed of two long chains of nucleotides tightly wound around each other. In order for your cell to use the DNA to create mRNA the strands must be unzipped and one strand gets copied into an mRNA format. The mRNA then goes on to create the gene product. So a single strand of DNA is one of those two tightly wound pieces. [If you scroll down to the first image on this page, you'll see an illustration of DNA.](_URL_0_)", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-257919", "score": 0.7024489641189575, "text": "I've been thinking about this a lot, and I'm pretty sure it comes down to symmetry. if DNA was parallel I think you'd need 2 chiral isoforms of every base, i.e. lA, lC, lG, lT and dA, dC, dG and dT. I think then you'd also need two sets of polymerases to work with each strand. By being anti-parallel you have all kinds of problems (lagging strand synthesis) that you pointed out, but you get by with half the complexity.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-181171", "score": 0.6989597082138062, "text": "It's a very complex process, but the ELI5 version: special molecules attach to the chromosomes and break them apart, and the individual pieces of the two chromosomes are close enough together that they can stick to eachother instead of re-sticking to themselves. Here's a little animation with clay (!) showing what it looks like. _URL_1_ As for *why* the enzymes stick to the DNA and the DNA sticks to eachother, it's all physics at that point. The different atoms in the DNA and enzyme molecules all exert attractive and repulsive forces on eachother based on positive/negative charges, and these favor the formation of certain structures over others. This level of analysis is wayyy over my head, but here's a paper if you're curious: _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-161972", "score": 0.6977900266647339, "text": "[Knot theory](_URL_0_) There are just one way for your earphones to stay neatly, but MILLIARDS of ways it can twist and tangle.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-176", "score": 0.8111469149589539, "text": "Because there are hot and cooler spots due to the way the microwaves reflect around inside the oven. Rotating the food attempts to distribute the heat in the food more evenly." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-293462", "score": 0.7613145709037781, "text": "Your mircowave oven is a resonance cavity. When powered, the microwaves form standing waves - the peaks and troughs don't move. So you'll have areas that'll be heated and other areas won't be heated at all. The spinning tray makes sure that your food enter those areas in a more even way and the food will be heated more evenly. In fact, there is a neat home experiment that involves taking the tray out. You can [measure the speed of light at home using a microwave oven and chocolate](_URL_0_).", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-94149", "score": 0.7596731781959534, "text": "Someone mentioned this in a post not too long ago. Basically this guy was cooking food and noticed a cockroach running around in the microwave. Freaking disgusting but anyway. The microwave doesn't heat food evenly. That's part of the reason for the rotating platter. The roach senses this and runs to areas of little to no radiation.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-318898", "score": 0.7550561428070068, "text": "You're on the right track. Microwaves, as you'd expect, heat with waves. Depending on where you are in the waveform, you may get lots of heating or hardly any, so the food doesn't always heat evenly. Rotating platters improve this a fair bit, but it's still not perfect. This gets worse if anything's frozen. Liquid water absorbs microwaves better than ice, so as soon as a pocket of food thaws, it will abruptly start getting hotter while other areas may stay frozen. In the end, the most effective work-around is to either let food rest or stir it around to avoid this pattern of hot and cold spots.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-156443", "score": 0.7432915568351746, "text": "That's because of how electromagnetic radiation works. The frequency at which a microwave operates is such that the length of the electromagnetic waves is a few centimeters. Inside the microwave oven are many such waves, and some of them overlap. Where they do, they can either amplify eachother (if they're the same) or they can cancel each other out (if they're opposite) at any given spot. Where they cancel out, your food is cold. This is why most microwaves have a rotating platter.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-304768", "score": 0.7421162128448486, "text": "One reason is that inside the microwave oven the microwaves themselves are not distributed uniformly - they travel along paths, which can be see here: _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-319820", "score": 0.7306451797485352, "text": "It's a wavefront that is made to bounce around in a metal box. It will have nodes and peaks in its standing waves. To counter that, microwave ovens have a metal fan at the end of the waveguide to split and jumble the directions the wave goes. You still get hot spots, so a turntable helps spread those around the food. It probably could be made more even-cooking, with more moving parts, but that cuts into profits.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-315441", "score": 0.7304410934448242, "text": "The electromagnetic field produced in the microwave has a limited amount of energy based on the amp draw from your outlet's voltage. The food is heated with the thermal energy of flipping polarized molecules around at the resonance frequency of a water molecule. Every polarized molecule the field rotates cancels out a portion of that field's energy. Energy is conserved, so a rise in thermal energy means a drop in the electromagnetic energy. If there are more items in the microwave oven, there will be more polarized molecules that need to be moved in order to get the same temperature.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-316674", "score": 0.7284571528434753, "text": "Microwaves set up a series of standing waves inside the microwave. This means that there are areas of high intensity and low intensity. This is why so many microwaves have rotating platters; so that the food is rotated through several of these zones. An easy way to visualize this is with an experiment my high school teacher performed. Take a sheet of wax paper and cover it evenly with chocolate chips. Place the sheet in the microwave (remove the rotating platter if there is one) and turn the microwave on until some of the chips melt. When you pull the sheet out you will notice that there are areas of melted chips and areas of unmelted chips. By measuring the distance between these areas, you can even calculate the wavelength of the radiation used in the microwave. Eat the chocolate chips. It's possible that the fly was hiding in a low intensity zone. It's also possible that the glass blocked the microwaves somehow, but I don't know any thing about that.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-42456", "score": 0.727811336517334, "text": "Microwaves bounce around inside the oven until they hit food. If you only have one item in, they'll bounce more but eventually hit the food and heat it. If you have two items in, half will be absorbed by each item. Optimal placement is usually to spread out the food and have it rotate (which many microwave ovens already do) as the oven may have hot spots which receive more microwaves than other spots. Rotating adjusts the food for cooking more evenly.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-54605", "score": 0.7258263826370239, "text": "The metal inside is rounded, which helps prevent the charge from finding a way to arc out. Metal in microwaves builds up electric charges that shoot out at the edges. Things like aluminum foil has a lot of edges and corners. Truth be told, if you ding or clip any of those metal racks they will spark and cause a bad day", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-319457", "score": 0.7254403829574585, "text": "It does. You can do the following experiment: Take out the rotating plate/put in a oven form that is too large to rotate. Put egg-whites in the form so that you have a uniform layer along the bottom. Turn the microwave on for a few moments, and stop it, and take a look. Repeat until you see something. Spoiler: The wavelength is centimetre sized, and what will happen to the egg-whites is that at the points where the field oscillates the most (anti-node) the whites will cook, while at the nodes it will be uncooked. You will see this as the transparent raw egg-whites will turn white at the anti-nodes. The rotation is there to make the anti-nodes cover most of the plate instead of just the specific lines you saw in your experiment. (I managed to perform this experiment, ~2 cm was the result of spacing between nodes, if I remember correctly. It was a very old microwave, modern ones may act on different wavelengths). edit: a word", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-305208", "score": 0.7226579189300537, "text": "The mechanism is called Dielectric Heating. It uses a switching electromagnetic field to induce rotational energy (and then kinetic due to them colliding) in dipolar molecules. Water molecules are affected by the magnetic field in the microwave oven because they are dipolar molecules (more positive at one end and more negative at the other). Many other molecules are dipolar (like, I think many hydrocarbons) and they also gain rotational energy from the magnetic field. Here's the Wikipedia page on Dielectric Heating: _URL_1_", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-142860", "score": 0.7204552292823792, "text": "Microwaves work by exciting the atoms of polar molecules and the friction makes heat. They key part of this is that the molecules on the outside of the object absorb the Microwaves first and then radiate the heat to the next most outer layer. So the liquid is getting much less energy out of each microwave because each molecule along the way takes the heat first. This is why for food, you want to stir it up every once in awhile, and why many Microwaves rotate your food , so all sides get equal access.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-148228", "score": 0.7192606925964355, "text": "How microwaves work is they create electric fields in alternating directions. Normally, when you're microwaving foods, they have dipolar molecules in them, water being the main one, which try to keep themselves aligned to the electric field. As a result of it constantly changing, they wind up spinning back and forth, bumping into each other, and creating heat through friction. When metal is exposed to the microwave's electric field, though, you get an electric current since metal is a conductor. You get sparks from the electricity jumping, and also the metal can heat up quickly and cause a fire.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-113647", "score": 0.7191871404647827, "text": "Because the microwaves bounce around at the resonant frequency of the inside of the oven and form standing waves. The wavelength used in most microwave ovens is 5cm from peak to peak, so the oven is full of regions of high energy, and 2.5cm away, regions of low energy, and 2.5cm away, another region of high energy. You can see this yourself: put a bunch of cheese on a tray, and put it on a rack, if your microwave has one, or turn the turntable off, or just pull it out and set the tray in and watch what happens. The cheese will have parts that are melted, and parts that aren't, and the distance between the center of a melted part and the center of another melted part should be about 5cm. The turntable negates this effect somewhat, but it's impossible to be absolutely perfect especially with the varying density of the food. The best way to prevent this from happening is to mix the food halfway through cooking.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-41587", "score": 0.719052791595459, "text": "The steam produced as the water in the glass heats up keeps the food from getting too dry as the microwave heats up the water in the food to cook it. I find that a damp paper towel over the plate or tray works just as well, plus it's easy cleanup as well as less to wash after.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-34475", "score": 0.7185887694358826, "text": "Because microwaves don't heat from the inside. _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-58749", "score": 0.717533528804779, "text": "The waves bounce around inside the machine and this makes a pattern. Places where the waves overlap get more heat, places where they don't get less. You can visualize the pattern by placing certain foods inside _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-149705", "score": 0.7161157131195068, "text": "With a standard oven you're bombarding the food with heat from all directions. But with a microwave you are heaitng it by causing certain molecules to rotate and produce thermal energy. The microwaves can penetrate well over an inch into a lot of foods, so the effect is taking place throughout the food at the same time., rather than having to start on the outside and work its way in like conventional ovens. This doesnt work with all foods though, as it has to have a lot of water content and can't be too dense for the microwaves to penetrate, which is why you occasionally get weird cold spots if you don't rotate the food.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-169320", "score": 0.7159914374351501, "text": "The microwave radiation excites rotational modes in polar molecules. That means that they make polar molecules like water rotate. So the water molecules gain rotational kinetic energy, and the temperature of your food increases.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-177", "score": 0.8251857161521912, "text": "Child support is partially based on income. It is also partially based on the number of children and their age, the cost of basic living expenses and school in that general area, and whether or not any special needs are present. Which sometimes leads to a very high ratio, but that is also something that can happen when both parents live with their children; not all jobs pay a wage that covers a child's reasonable expenses. That doesn't mean those expenses don't occur though." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-63836", "score": 0.756056547164917, "text": "Is this about child support? In which case, child support is not strictly about the amount a child needs (which is always going to be a debatable thing). The courts also aim to give the children a continuous standard of care. Meaning that if the child is already used to going to a private school, for example, when the parents divorce, the courts aim to set child support at such a level where both parents can continue to keep sending the child to private school. They also try and eliminate huge disparities between the level of care the child would have at one parent and what they would receive at the other, which can also be done through a higher than normal child support contribution. Of course, the kind of people who are paying 58k a month in child support, are also earning money in such huge quantities that this is just a drop in the bucket for them.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-38218", "score": 0.7529609203338623, "text": "The person who does not have custody of the child has to pay child support to the person that does. Usually the amount is based on how much they make.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-110666", "score": 0.746638298034668, "text": "The idea is that the child is entitled to the same amount of support as it would have received if the absent parent had stayed with the family to raise the child together with the other parent. Clearly, the more money the parent makes, the more they would have spent on their child if they had remained as one family unit. So the law determines that you're not allowed to be \"cheap\" when it comes to raising your child just because you're not together with their other parent.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-154576", "score": 0.7465903162956238, "text": "Because the child support payments aren't about what's \"fair\" to the parents. The courts side *with the child*, so the child *always* gets the most out of it as reasonably possible. If a woman raped a man and had his child, he would still potentially be required to pay child support, if his earnings were higher than the woman's and he could afford to make such payments, for the sake of the child.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1982988", "score": 0.7456027269363403, "text": "A study by the US department of agriculture found that it costs around $240,000, or about $14K a year in order to raise a child. Logically then a person should only be FORCED to pay for half of that. If a person decides to pay more thats great but, a parent should only be required to pay for half of the childs minimum needs. This number should be revised every say 10 years with the census and the cap adjusted accordingly. Forcing someone to pay $10K a month is excessive especially because there is no guarantee that the money is 100% being spent on the child. Nobody should be forced to provide money for to support their former partner.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1984197", "score": 0.7383236885070801, "text": "I was thinking the other day about how Bill Gates and Jackie Chan won't leave their fortune to their kids when I realized that it's perfectly legal to do that. \n\nI mean, I might be a multi billionaire, but I can have my kids go to public school, never buy them anything fancy and just not spend that much on them, and it's all ok. As long as they are provided with their basic needs and rights, nobody would ever make me spend half my income on them. As long as I'm not divorced, that is.\n\nThen why the hell does divorced people have to pay half their income on child support?\n\nShouldn't the government have some sort standard value (somewhat like there is a value for minimum wage), enough for covering a child's BASIC needs and use that value when settling child support cases? \n\nWhy does it have to tied to the person's income? Since the income can change a lot after a divorce, and this has been abused so many times by people just living of of their exes.\n\nThis seems so unfair.\n\nEDIT: Thanks for the responses, guys. Great stuff here. Apparently, this subject is way more complex than the way I described it here.\n\nSorry if I over simplified my point (which I know I did), but that was just a thought that occurred to me and wasn't really well developed before voicing it to you (also, english is not even my first language).\n\nAnd just for the record, I don't have any kids or pay child support. I know very little about this subject, and thanks to you guys, I am a little less ignorant about it now.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-159306", "score": 0.7310556769371033, "text": "Generally it's decided based on the income difference of the two parents. If the parents were still together, let's say they had an annual income of $100,000, but separated, those incomes are $30,000 and $70,000. You now have a situation where it is more difficult for one parent which can cause all sorts of strain that negatively affects the child.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-160317", "score": 0.7273107171058655, "text": "In most states, the courts recognize that if one partner works and the other partner is a stay-at-home parent/spouse, then the income of the working partner is considered to be the total \"family\" income. The logic is that in a marriage, the non-working spouse is contributing her/his time to the family, while the other one contributes his/her time working, but both are equally involved in contributing, so the total family income must be divided evenly. For example, if mom stays home to take care of kids, that's considered a job, although without income. The dad would not be able to work at all, if the mom didn't stay home with the kids. So dad's income is considered as the income of the whole family, half of which belongs to the other adult, in this case the wife.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-148718", "score": 0.7254513502120972, "text": "In some places, it is more important to the State that a child have support than the adults involved be only liable for expenses if the child is theirs. So, if a woman gives birth, the legal husband might be responsible for child support even if the kid isn't his. This is totally not fair, but the State isn't concerned with fair....it is concerned with the baby having diapers and a roof over its head.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1983044", "score": 0.7172338962554932, "text": "The question maybe self explanatory to others but to me it seems quite odd. Seems like lower income households have more children then they can provide for. The cost of providing for a child as many know is a lot of money, that some people don't have. But with that in mind still continue to have children. The correlation seems odd to me, anyone else agree or disagree?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-94997", "score": 0.7153934240341187, "text": "There is a minimum poverty level of income you can earn and pay no taxes, so the taxes taken off paychecks are given back as a refund when tax returns are submitted. Also, child support is not included in that income, so a woman can be getting thousands of dollars a month in child support and be on richy-rich easy street while still being eligible for all wefare programs and pay absolutely no taxes. **Source:** My ex-wife was making thousands a month off me in child support and also got welfare food stamps, cash assistance, free housing, medical assistance, free child care, etc. She also worked just enough to be under the official poverty level and paid no income tax. She had it down to a science. She even got fired a few times for refusing to work more because it would have screwed up her welfare benefits and tax-exempt poverty status.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-74562", "score": 0.7137142419815063, "text": "It very much depends on location. Often there is a cap, and the support takes that maximum amount and divides it among the children. The cap is normally a % of income and certainly in some places 50%. > (b) When the total of the obligor’s basic support obligations exceeds fifty percent of his or her monthly net income, the court may consider a proportional reduction of these obligations. Since, however, the goal of the guidelines is to treat each child equitably, in no event should either a first or later family receive preference. Nor shall the court divide the guideline amount for all of the obligor’s children among the households in which those children live. _URL_0_ If you live in pennsylvania.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-160469", "score": 0.710421621799469, "text": "Alimony is decided during the divorce settlement. It may not be as clear now, but back when 'men worked and women stayed at home', it was considerably harder for women to rejoin the workforce if they left it for years to raise children. Their skills (if they had any) would have atrophied, and plus if they still had young children to raise, they may not be able to work full time anyway. Now, we still see that in society, just maybe not to the degree previously. If two, career-oriented people decide to get married and start a family, it is not uncommon for one to choose flex hours or other types of arrangements at their work which may make it easier for them to raise children, but may halt their procession up the corporate ladder. So, alimony is supposed to represent the opportunity cost one spouse gave up when they decided to focus more on their family.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1716067", "score": 0.7089558839797974, "text": "Sorry. I should have mentioned the support is for the child who is their child. Texas. The program is TANF. I know the father has a good job. I don't think they would qualify if they were reporting both incomes.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-104027", "score": 0.7073537111282349, "text": "Are you asking why does she get half of the couples' net worth instead of the average net worth of the average household of her city/country? My \"I'm not 100% but here's my educated guess\" answer is that you could argue the \"stay at home\" spouse stayed at home to raise the child(ren), keep the home in good order, provided support/love/a welcoming home environment, etc. to the working spouse. If these were not provided, the working spouse would not have been able to work as often or efficiently and therefore would have been unable to bring in the net worth in question. Also it doesn't seem fair that a spouse living below the \"average\" would be obligated to pay an amount that is half of the \"average\". The money comes from the other spouse or the marital assets, not from...thin air.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-104812", "score": 0.7047870755195618, "text": "It would be unfair to the large majority if it was income based. My sister makes more money than but has 3 children so has far less money to spend on things than I do, should she pay more than me even though I have more spear cash each week. What about stay at home mums and dads that are not married but there partners are high income, who pays what amount. You could say then why not base it all on those facts, but then we need to fill in 100 forms just to pay a parking ticket. Do I need to declare my savings interest as income am I going to jail if I don't and under pay, is jail based on my income. It far more simpler to pay a fixed fine for both the offender and the municipal.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-146633", "score": 0.7042291164398193, "text": "raised two children for 16 years as a single father with no child support. Two income households arent a necessity. Most people just refuse to live within their means expecting some sort of kardashian lifestyle to be their default", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1717212", "score": 0.7040221691131592, "text": "Has anyone seen published studies about the wage gap when support is included in the calculations? If alimony and or child support is added to the women's wage, and, of course, subtract same amount from men's wage, the wage gap, I suspect, would be an issue for men. Child support is tax-free income.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-94224", "score": 0.7008919715881348, "text": "Even taxes across the board creates a heavier burden on lower income houses than on higher income ones because a larger percentage of your income goes to mandatory basic needs when you make less(food, shelter, transportation). There is a minimum on just how little you can live on, and living expenses don't scale linearly with income so higher income households have a larger discretionary budget, higher taxes cut into the discretionary budget which they don't like, but they are not at risk of not being able to meet basic food and housing needs due to the higher taxes as opposed to a lower income household", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-45841", "score": 0.6983780860900879, "text": "It goes both ways. It's just far more common to have a household where the husband is the primary breadwinner and the wife only works part time or stays at home. Thus many of the assets in the family are accumulated with the husbands salary, but they are legally owned by both the husband and wife. There are instances where the wife has to pay alimony to a husband and hand over assets earned with her income.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-178", "score": 0.7570013403892517, "text": "Nothing is a perfect mirror. The material still ends up absorbing some of the light. Eventually it would all get absorbed." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-168461", "score": 0.7186641693115234, "text": "Light itself is invisible anyway, and would stop moving. However, you would still be able to see. We don't see light, we see what light reflects off, so you would be able to see what light has reflected off, as the wave is still travelling through space, just infinitely slowly (from your perspective).", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-956839", "score": 0.7184165120124817, "text": "When talking about solid light, I mean light that can be held or created into solid objects. Far fetched question, but just curious if this is even a possibility. Thanks!", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-289953", "score": 0.7180576920509338, "text": "No mirror is perfectly reflective, a small amount of light is lost with each reflection. Eventually the image decays.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-58953", "score": 0.7161832451820374, "text": "Because sometimes the mirror gets bent concavely or convexely. This even slight bend causes you reflection to distort a little. It's the same way that funhouse mirrors work. Also lighting in the room of whatever mirror you are looking into would affect how you look", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-282323", "score": 0.7161044478416443, "text": "No. In fact, there's nothing that doesn't reflect light in one way or another. The only 'nothing' that doesn't is a black hole. That's literally the universal equivalent to nothing. Every liquid, solid, gas, plasma, BEC, *anything* will reflect light at some wavelength. Density defines the probability, but absolutely everything will.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-88007", "score": 0.7156164050102234, "text": "Mirrors have very, *very* smooth surfaces. This is great for 'bouncing' light (specifically: photons) back at yourself. When light hits a smooth surface like a mirror (or a lake), the photons get reflected at [roughly] *the same angle* as they left, allowing them to come back to your eyes. So you essentially see \"the same thing\" coming back at you. Unlike a plain glass window, though, mirrors have a shiny metal layer which is even *better* at reflecting the image.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-64921", "score": 0.7144968509674072, "text": "nah its just glass where it is brighter on the outside then on the inside. Glass does reflect some light, so when the difference in intensity is great you see far more reflected light than light passing through (on the bright side). It is also how 1 way mirrors work, its just glass with one bright room and one dark room.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-13189", "score": 0.7137491106987, "text": "The sad truth is that you've been lied to! One-way mirrors are not, in fact, one way mirrors. They're just partially silvered glass; this makes the glass reflect more light than normal glass. Then, you have one side of the glass be in a bright room, and one in a dark room. When you're in the light room, most of the light you see when you look at the glass came from the room you're in, so it looks like a reflection. When you're in the dark room, most of the light you see comes from the light room, so you can see in just fine. You can see something like this when you're in a well-lit house at night; try looking out the window into a dark place. You mostly see reflections of the inside of the house. One-way mirrors are like that, but more so.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-145584", "score": 0.7132366895675659, "text": "_URL_0_ See this image? If the mirror is placed at the point where the light bounces off the wall, you will be able to see the reflection of the object. It doesn't matter if the mirror only extends a foot in either direction as long as it's in that spot.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-73117", "score": 0.7128177285194397, "text": "You get the infinite mirror effect. If you can get them lined up perfectly and somehow look in the middle without blocking they will just go on forever until it is to small to see. Fun fact mirrors are green, its impossible to tell most times but when you look in a mirror what you see has an ever so slight tint of green to it. When you put two together you can see that as the effect goes on the images get greener and greener.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-272991", "score": 0.7125152945518494, "text": "As long as it doesn't get absorbed by something, then yes, light will continue to travel indefinitely. However, due to the expansion of the universe that light wave will get stretched out along with the space it travels through, becoming lower in frequency and energy. This is why the Cosmic Microwave Background, which began its existence as ~~gamma rays~~ visible light emitted very shortly after the Big Bang, has been reduced down to microwaves after traveling through space for ~13.8 billion years. Edit: Wrong spectrum.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-164998", "score": 0.7119161486625671, "text": "Your thought is correct. The gravitational effect on light bouncing between two human-sized mirrors is *incredibly* small, so the laser beam will dissapate a long time before you can visibly see it.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-180738", "score": 0.7116816639900208, "text": "All things reflect back light. Even rocks, like the moon. Mirrors are so smooth the light comes back in the exact same way it went to the mirror. It's light coming from things to our eyes that let's us see them.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-300063", "score": 0.7109501957893372, "text": "It depends on what the mirror is made out of, many materials can act as mirrors and some materials only act as mirrors for certain wavelengths. Typical mirrors like you would find in your bathroom are ever so slightly green. _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-303904", "score": 0.7109489440917969, "text": "Your eyes will pick up light that bounces off the mirrors, so you see reflections. For light waves that travel back and forth between the two mirrors (like a game of pong), each time the light hits the mirror, some of the energy of the light is imparted to the mirror. Eventually, the light's energy would dampen out due to these losses.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-152149", "score": 0.7106440663337708, "text": "Light bounces and reflects all over the place. It scatters. So light is bouncing off walls, floors, cielings, objects, and the scattered light is illuminating in other directions beyond what the light source can point at directly.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-6857", "score": 0.7100508809089661, "text": "They are only partially reflective. If you look at a standard window, you can see through but you can also see a bit of reflection in them, especially if trying to peer into a dark room from a sunny outdoor location. One-way mirrors are closer to reflective windows than true mirrors, and they require the observation room to be dark and the observed room to be well-lit. This makes it so very little light shines out from the observation room into the better lit observed room while also keeping reflections from inside the room minimal. Meanwhile, the observed room has much more light both reflected back into the room itself and shining into the observation room. If you were to turn up the lighting in the observation room and/or dim the lights in the observed room so they are at about the same brightness, it would become more like a standard window. And if you completely reversed the lighting, the mirror effect would flip.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-156610", "score": 0.7100388407707214, "text": "Not quite. A mirror reflects light, it doesn't show an image. The distance that you perceive when looking behind you in a mirror is the distance that light takes to travel from the wall behind you to the mirror and then to your eyes. Hence your eyes focus on objects behind you as if they were the same distance in front of you. It's exactly the same as if you were looking through a regular window into a \"mirrored\" room.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-281743", "score": 0.7093478441238403, "text": "Technically, yes. But even a slight imperfection in the mirror could eliminate most of the stored light in a miniscule amount of time. If you evacuate the mirrored cavity, the photons are traveling at c, so a single photon will probably be bouncing around millions of times a second for anything reasonably small sized. Even a small amount of loss becomes quickly magnified. When you consider that e=MC^2 dictates that a single atom contains a HUGE amount of energy compared to a photon, it seems more feasible to use a different storage medium. You would need an unusual conversion mechanism to translate that photonic energy into efficient work, and IF you manage to attain useful concentrations of photons, you would have to cope with light pressure trying to tear your mirrors apart. Bottom line: while you might be able to use mirrors to trap photons, reality gets in the way of long term storage and the usefulness of that energy. Nuclear fission and fusion provides way more energy.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-833421", "score": 0.7086286544799805, "text": "The idea is, the beam of light and the mirror are going in the exact opposite direction and are traveling towards each other. When they crash into each other, the beam hits the reflecting part of the mirror.\n\nWhat would happen?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-179", "score": 0.7201888561248779, "text": "As Pandromeda mentioned, Han Solo fired first. Also, he added in a bunch of CG aliens that didn't fit, put back in a deleted scene with Jabba the Hutt that wasn't necessary, added cheesy special effects to the Death Star explosion, added in a fucking song and dance number to Return of the Jedi, replaced the original ending of Jedi and added in Hayden Christiansen. He basically tinkered with it unnecessarily and added in a bunch of crappy looking CG aliens and effects. edit: cheese=cheesy" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1763200", "score": 0.6838952898979187, "text": "I just don't get this decision. Sure, the OT had three different directors, but other than Lucas each director didn't write their own movie. Disney even had a pool of EU writers to choose from so they didn't have to rely on JJ and Rian to come up with their own stories. Letting them do whatever they wanted just led to a jumbled mess where nothing could be properly set up or followed through because there was no coherent vision. When I learned that Kasdan was only signed up to write the first movie I had a bad feeling about it. This is not something you need hindsight to figure out.\n\nI would have gotten Timothy Zahn to write the story and then had Kasdan turn that into a screenplay. Then you hire JJ and Rian to direct the movies since they can make objectively good looking movies, but just don't let them touch the script. \n\nTo top it off, they finally realized they should bring in a professional writer when they had to dig themselves out of the hole Rian and TLJ left them in. Even then, instead of going to legends and finding a good writer or even choosing someone from the new canon like Claudia Grey, they went with the guy who wrote Batman vs Superman and Justice League.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1398089", "score": 0.6838212013244629, "text": "Right out the gate I dont know much beyond the main movies. But from what ive seen I'm not sure the Empire is all that bad. The originals and sequels are based on the belief that the galaxy would be better off without the Empire. I know that Darth Sidious is a bad egg but didn't he bring peace to the Galaxy? Was life really that bad compared to before the Clone Wars?\n\nEdit: I feel like an idiot for forgetting Alderaan and its been forever since I've seen Rouge One. \nThanks for the replies!", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-443019", "score": 0.6834999918937683, "text": "I love The Rise of Skywalker, and everyone has opinions, and it's 100% okay to not like the film, but when it comes to others *HATING* on people when they simply want to enjoy it that's when I have a problem, same situation with The Last Jedi and The Force Awakens and all the other Star Wars films. \n\nAnd as I was born in 2003, the prequels had almost finished and so my generations trilogy was technically the sequels, and so I want to say this, that I prefer the sequel trilogy to any of the others, whether you agree with me or not is your decision/opinion.\n\nI love *EVERY* Star WARS movie apart from the holiday special because *NO* and that's all I want, for people to be excepted because they have a different opinion, and if we continue to argue over one film or one film series for the rest of our entire lives, we're going to regret it when those people eventually take their lives for not being accepted as a human being because of their own opinion on a film.\n\nThat's all I have to say, and also, this is coming from a 17 year old, and if a 17 year old can be civil within a conversation, then I think a 30 - 40 year old man could as well.\n\n\nMy favourite Star Wars character is.... \n\n\nRey Skywalker\n\n\nI relate to Rey because my while life I've been a nobody, I feel powerful watching rey because she inspired me to do the right thing and to inspire others by being selfless, like a Jedi should. \n\nAlso Ben Solo is amazing as always, one hell of a guy, unlike that other man: Kylo Ren, ugh who is he anyway?.... 😂", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1762708", "score": 0.6832728385925293, "text": "Rather than a reboot, Disney is going to wait until nostalgia changes everyone's views of the PT to positive, and then allow George Lucas to make a spinoff/reboot/remake version of the sequel trilogy. Calling it now.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2200616", "score": 0.6832672357559204, "text": "While I concede that the writing was anything but natural and was somewhat poorly acted it’s not really trying to be natural or realistic. George Lucas specifically wrote these scenes to be poetic and Shakespearean rather then natural like say Han and Leia, so yeah the writing feels very odd and unrealistic but I think it at least mildly succeeds at what he set out the writing to be. Obviously “I don’t like sand” is pure cheese but when you look at a lot of the Dialog in a Shakespearean poetic way it’s executed a lot better then a lot of people give it credit for.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-442702", "score": 0.6832265853881836, "text": "It's so weird. They were basically betting on being able to make a third anthology movie. They shouldvebstarted making it before the scene was implemented. And now we have something that only makes sense in light of Rebels. I shouldn't have to watch a star wars tv show to make sense of a movie\n\nEdit: I didnt mean the scene is bad, but literally nothing after it. He should be in another movie", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-444298", "score": 0.6831905841827393, "text": "Every year since Maleficent they've come out with a new remake of a classic animated film and I hate it. I love the old films, I love the characters how I know them, when they reproduce a film, to me, it changes everything I know about that story and those characters and I don't like it. It also seems pretty lazy to me. I know a lot of work goes into the production but I would much prefer that they make new and interesting stories rather than just remaking the old ones because they know it will do well at the box office.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1763854", "score": 0.6831467747688293, "text": "I'll start by saying I enjoyed both TLJ and TFA, but I get why other didn't (I think AOTC is unwatchably bad, so to each their own).\n\nWhat I don't get, after watching TFA again this past week, is why on one was pissed about the treatment of Han. He is pretty much turned into a joke. His entire arc in OT is one of manning up to his potential and to responsibility in general. He is presented at in ANH as a swashbuckling scoundrel, but not a con-man crook. Through 4-6 he grows into a leader and a better man. In TFA he is a sad conman who can't swindle anyone anymore because he's a joke and bad liar.\n\nAnd yes, I get that his son went bad and his marriage broke up, but he could still be good at smuggling, bot a pathetic con artist.\n\nI see this as any more of a \"character assassination\" than what was done with Luke in TLJ.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-443377", "score": 0.6831033229827881, "text": "When I read reviews of both films, I realized something:\n\nThe complaints towards both films are very similar\n\n-The best-known character behaved differently than usual (Luke / Jack Sparrow)\n\n-Many bad jokes\n\n-Plotholes\n\n-The death of a character did not satisfy many (Luke / Barbossa)\n\n-Unnecessary subplotes (Casino / Scarfield)\n\n-Bad use of old characters\n\n-Complains of the new characters (in the case of The Last Jedi, also includes the characters of The Force Aweakens)\n\n-At least one infamous scene (Leia Poppins / The wedding)\n\n-Run the legacy of the franchise\n\n-Etc\n\nEven the reaction of the fans was varied, the audience gave Pirates, 62% and The Last Jedi a 48% approval in RT. Both are considered as mixed reviews from the audience.\n\nNow do not misunderstand me, I'm not comparing Pirates with Star Wars or Episode VIII with Pirates 5,(in fact i love VIII and hate Pirates 5) but I realized that the reaction of both fandoms were very similar towards both films, which led me to ask myself, What is it that the Fans of Star Wars, both those who loved or hated The Last Jedi, thought about both movies.\n\nPlease, do not consider this an insult, I just want to know what the fandom thinks about it.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1765117", "score": 0.6827823519706726, "text": "&gt;I think both sides of the camp are pretty unfair in their analysis of this movie. People who hate this movie and think it's the worst thing ever are being just as hyperbolic as the people who think it's a masterpiece. -Cosmonaut Variety Hour\n\nMy current internet addiction is listening to TLJ reviews and think pieces. I find it utterly fascinating how two people can come out of TLJ and have wholly opposite perspectives. However, the real message I've received from all of this \"research\" is that only a Sith deals in absolutes. The movie has strengths and flaws. It's neither the best or the worst Star Wars movie. The \"haters\" almost unanimously believe that the fans are just dumb, while the fans tend to believe that the \"haters\" are just crazy or hateful. I don't fully get why neither side can accept that the other might have a point about something, and I definitely don't get why people like me, who fall somewhere in the middle, seem to be a tiny fraction of the fanbase.\n\nI'm down to argue with whoever wants to argue (I'm well aware that this sub is a haven for TLJ fans), but my main point is to question you guys on why you think this movie has caused such a wide divide in the fanbase, and what is it that makes it so divisive in the first place? Why does it seem like both sides refuse to listen to the other?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1763371", "score": 0.6826972365379333, "text": "Disney could have gone a completely different direction if they wanted to and did a of reboot A New Hope instead of somewhat continuing the story. I know folks will stay the sequel trilogy is pretty much a reboot......but I’m talking reboot as in the Batman/Superman and Spider-Man reboots. Would the fans accept modern day actors playing our favorites Luke, Han, Leia?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1764335", "score": 0.6826554536819458, "text": "I honestly do not belive George Lucas wrote the original star wars movies.\n\n- the prequels writer does not get Yoda or the force, they are basic elements and definitly whover wrote the original movies and the presequels is not the same person/writer\n- Lucas after filming Star Wars belived that he had made a lousy movie, so much that he exchange Steven Spielberg dividends from the movie, I get he may belive that the public may not like it, but he must have known from day one that it was/is a beautiful movie, if he had wrote it\n- the undertone of the original star wars, the force and everything on it are full of Taoism idelogy, and as far as I know George Lucas is not a taoist\n- Suddenly a billionere starts making movies, series and even sells the franchise decades after the originals, it would seem like some rich relative dies, and his heirs start selling all his stuff to make money, because when the guy was alive he wont allow it\n- Another person writing Star Wars and not taking credit, would be the same mindset as Yoda who would be one of the most powerful people in the universe yet living a humble life", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1763348", "score": 0.6824339628219604, "text": "They both say that the respective movies didn’t do anything with what they were given. That TLJ is an empty movie with no lingering questions or intriguing plot details and TROS played it safe and didn’t build upon TLJ or tell a fresh, new story. It just shows the critic-fan divide because critics are after the art statement and fans are after expansion to the story. Fans hate TLJ because it added nothing to the overall story and did nothing interesting or good with fan favorites like Luke, but critics loved the deconstruction and the “risks” because they have no attachment to the franchise. Then with TROS, the critics lambasted the movie as “appeasing fans” and “playing it safe” because it didn’t follow up on the deconstruction from TLJ, even though that’s not what Star Wars is about and fans looked at it and knew it was trying to be what Star Wars is, but failing completely rather than not trying at all. That’s not to say that there aren’t any other criticisms people have of these movies, but this is where I see some overlap.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1670593", "score": 0.6821359992027283, "text": "I have been asking myself this question constantly over the past few days since viewing The Rise of Skywalker. When Disney purchased the Star Wars IP in 2012 the joke was always that Star Wars would become “Disney-fied”, but I honestly never thought we would end up here with a completely gimped and chaotic sequel franchise. It’s just baffling. \n\nAs time passes and I begin to reflect more, I’m dumbfounded by the amount of plot holes that this movie has created not just for the previous two trilogies, but for the IP as a whole. Palpatine’s existence occurring without any explanation, shoe-horned plot points and character progressions with no explanation simply to move the film along that absolutely break canon, thousands of Star Destroyers equipped with Death Star lasers (how does this point alone not invalidate and sink the entire movie from a narrative standpoint? HOW), ludicrous leaps in narrative logic. It’s just impossible for me to understand how we got here. Even if Disney wanted to mail it in, there had to be an easier, simpler way? That’s what’s so hard for me to understand. Each sequel film has just seemed to progress deeper down this endless black hole, and yet I never thought we would end up at a point where practically everything from the previous 6 films was invalidated. \n\nI get that The Mandalorian is doing well, but I don’t see how any sort of large scale trilogy can possibly progress after this without being set thousands of years before or focusing on an entirely different subject matter.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-444633", "score": 0.6820469498634338, "text": "After the Disney merger, I feel they have done a great service for the fans with the spinoffs. Both of them had their own individual stories and tied in neatly with the lore (it’s a shame the hate for TLJ made Solo bomb). \n\nBut I’m not fully onboard with the sequel trilogy at this point. I dislike TFA a lot more than TLJ for being a beat by beat remake of ANH. Even though the TLJ tried its hand at being different, it didn’t fair any better. \n\nNow cuz of Solo’s box office we probably won’t be getting anymore standalone films which fucking sucks. But I can wholeheartedly say that I’m way more passionate about an Obi-Wan, Vader or Boba Fett movie than episode 9.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-151112", "score": 0.6820462942123413, "text": "Well, at first it was just *Star Wars*, a stand alone movie. When Lucas started working on a sequel, he decided to change *Star Wars* to *Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope*. The Star Wars films were heavily inspired by old serial pulp novels, and the numbering was meant to evoke this, giving the feel that we're diving into a long-running serial midway through. Then, years later, he decided to go back and make the prequels to complete the story.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-444876", "score": 0.6819599866867065, "text": "The more I think about Rise of the Skywalker, more I hate The Last Jedi.\n\nWhat was Disney thinking about changing director/producer for each movies?\n\nI understand The Force Awaken wasn’t incredible, but it was only the introduction of a new story. It introduced lot of great characters like Rey, Finn, Poe and Kylo Ren. A new super vilain was introduced as well as Snoke. He was looking mysterious like the Knights of Ren and Captain Phasma.\n\nThe whole story was to introduce new stuffs without going too far and have a 5 hours movie and to find Luke to help the resistance.\n\nWith The Last Jedi, everything was a mess.\n- Rey found Luke because Luke wanted to be found in case of problem. In the movie he was just like « meh... I don’t want to help you anymore, go f**k yourself ». Luke never abandoned and Mark Hamill knew it. Throwing the lightsaber and abandoning the Force and the Jedi... When at the end of the Force Awaken he was looking like « you found me, what do you want? » \n\n- Knights of Ren totally absent\n- I understand that Captain Phasma could have survive the first movie, but making her return just to be kill again right after was stupid.\n- The whole casino scene was useless.\n- Nothing against Rose, but we all knew Finn loved Rey.\n- Admiral Ackbar should have had an heroic death instead of Holdo.\n\nNow for Rise of the Skywalker, I loved it, but I understand the negativity in the critics, but we need to see the movie in depth. JJ tried to tell a story in the 7. Rian took his place and made everything to make SW not looking like we know it. Whatever, I think he went a bit off the original story. JJ came back and had to deal with all the plot holes left like Knights of Ren, why Snoke was finally not that important, who was Rey and Luke death. I think he managed really well, but maybe it would have been better to make the movie in two parts or 3h30.\n\nI wished Disney could remove The Last Jedi and remake it, but now we are left with a weird trilogy. At least we had a great start and a great ending. I hope we will see those characters again in the future.\n\nJJ should have directed the three movies and I don’t understand why Disney gave Rian Johnson his own trilogy but not JJ...?\n\nThank you", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1765282", "score": 0.6818917989730835, "text": "I have just written an article about how I think The Lion King remake's realistic CGI takes away from the character of the original movie, and that it ultimately made me feel like I was not watching The Lion King, but a boring documentary about Africa. For the last few hours I have been getting comments saying that I have ruined their childhood, because they wanted to see this movie as something just as perfect as the original (which is not perfect for your information), and now I have ruined it by pointing out the problems. Ex-f\\*cking-cuse me?\n\nFirst of all, I apologize for doing my job as a reviewer. If you want to read one sentence opinions which only reinforce your delusion that this movie is untouchable because it has something to do with a classic, then you should avoid film magazines.\n\nSecond of all, you should learn to form layered opinions. Movies don't have to be the best thing ever to be enjoyable. You don't have to love EVERYTHING about a movie to love it, in fact it's a really childish attitude. You can like the remake for what it is, but I seriously doubt that hardcore fans of the original movie will not take any issues with it. They should dislike certain elements even more than I did, because it essentially takes away from the experience they fell in love with back in the day.\n\nThird of all, the original will always be there. There is no reason to glorify every sequel/remake or LEGO set that has anything to do with the brand. Nobody will question your devotion to the original Lion King if you are not entirely satisfied with the remake. You are allowed to take issue with your favorite director/franchise/cheese brand. In fact, it is highly recommended, unless you want them to stop trying to impress you.\n\nLastly, if my opinion of a movie ruins your experience or opinion in any way, there are serious problems. I didn't spoil anything (not that there is anything to spoil about a shot to shot remake), I simply gave voice to my opinion. If that ruins your experience, you need to grow up. You don't have to agree, and you shouldn't feel insulted if your opinion differs from mine. You are not the movie you watch. If I hate The Lion King remake, that doesn't mean I hate you for loving it. If you loved it, good for you. I'll leave you to your opinion, and you leave me to mine.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-443142", "score": 0.6818855404853821, "text": "So a movie theatre nearby was playing all three Starwars movie. A New Hope played in Friday and I absolutely loved it. Totally obsessed, could not wait till Saturday to watch the next one. I watched Empire Strikes back and still loved it (not as much as the first but still really enjoyed it) I had really high hopes for Jedi Returns because I thought it was going to be serious, but it was awful. Was totally disgusted that I had to watch all two hours of it in a movie theatre. It really really turned me off from Starwars to the point I don't even want to think about it... but I loved the first two so much. How do I get the magic back????\n\n*note\nI was a complete Starwars virgin before all of this. I went in almost completely blindly barely knowing the plot of each movie\n\n*edit* I did enjoy Luke's sick flips tho!\nEdit** honesty I thought it was genuinely hated through out the fandom, and that my situation was common, which is why I posted it here. Had nOO idea that people would be offended", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1764515", "score": 0.6817936301231384, "text": "Was Star Wars like a single-man creation by Lucas like Lord of the Rings was of Tolkien? Or are there unsung heroes that really brought Star Wars to life, and Lucas just gets the credit?\n\nEdit: F. Sorry J.R.R... spelled name wrong in title.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-180", "score": 0.8155906796455383, "text": "your body makes heat. this warms the air around your skin. the blanket holds that air close to you." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-74130", "score": 0.773271381855011, "text": "They trap additional layers of air and trapped air is a very good insulator. So fuzzy blankets are warmer as a result.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-278328", "score": 0.7720469832420349, "text": "It changes immediately because the feeling of cold is due to the rate of heat loss. Your body is still generating lots of heat you are just losing it too quickly to stay warm. A blanket immediately changes that dynamic and begin feeling warm almost right away. That isn't going to be the case if you are hypothermic and your core temperature has dropped significantly but you are simply 'cold' a good blanket warms you up quite fast.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-84428", "score": 0.7719132304191589, "text": "From a physics perspective you cannot \"transfer cold\" but you can move heat. Your body loses heat all the time but basically makes more. If you can slow down the loss of heat you are \"warming up\" in the way we normally understand it. This is why blankets work. They trap your body heat against you as it escapes.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-266852", "score": 0.7687248587608337, "text": "The only reason something feels cool or warm to the touch is because of the thermal conduction between your skin and another object touching it. The fleece contains fine fibers with mostly air between them, the air insulates your skin from the fleece - making it feel less cold on contact. As you point out, the thicker blanket is a better insulator overall, but it has a thicker outer lining which sits between your skin and the insulation layer of the blanket. It's this outer lining which feels cold initially. in almost all common blankets, it's air that's the primary insulator. hows that?", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-20878", "score": 0.764445960521698, "text": "Generally you'll be warmer than what you touch so heat transfers from you to the blanket, the lower the rate of heat transfer from you to the blanket, the warmer it'll be perceived. Furry things like furry blankets or carpets have a slow rate of heat transfer from us to them because they are good insulators/poor conductors. Smooth things are good at conducting, so touching them leads to faster heat transfer from you to it and so they don't feel as warm as you're losing heat faster. In a nutshell, heat goes from you to the blanket. The furrier the blanket, the slower it happens and so the blanket feels warmer.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-95838", "score": 0.762251615524292, "text": "Insulation. Your body heat is what warms the area under the blanket Warmth leaves the blanket from the air cooling the surface of the blanket, so when you add another blanket there is more air and blanket to trap heat.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-120383", "score": 0.7577831149101257, "text": "Because nothing has better insulative properties than air. A knitted blanket holds air in the spaces between the yarn threads, and your body heat warms that air up creating a shield of warm air around you. If you wrapped up in that blanket and walked outside during a blizzard, you'd freeze because the wind would replace all your warm air pockets with cold air. However, as long as you stay inside, your body should warm the the air pockets faster than the surrounding air can cool them and toastiness ensues. EDIT: I'm envisioning a crocheted afghan in the above example. Obviously knit hats are pretty warm even when it's windy outside because the spaces between threads are relatively small.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-175744", "score": 0.7545807361602783, "text": "When the air is cold, there's always a thin layer of warm air covering the skin, which acts as a sort of blanket called the \"boundary layer\". When the air is perfectly still, the boundary layer is thick, and we don't freeze easily - but wind will blow the boundary layer away, which is why wind feels so cold. Clothes don't just provide insulation, they also keep this warm air around your skin and prevent wind from blowing it away. Skin tight clothes work much better than loose clothes for that purpose, since they don't flop around and have any opening to let the wind in. That's why they're much warmer outside than a regular shirt. In addition to that, these thermal shirts are usually made from a material that doesn't soak in sweat, which is really important to prevent wind chill.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-17534", "score": 0.7538632154464722, "text": "2 different things are going on here. 1. You're tired when it's cold because your body has to use a lot of energy to stay warm. Use up energy - > get tired 2. The reason people sleep with thick blankets is... kind of weird. The weight of the blanket on your skin triggers the deep pressure receptors in your skin, which is very calming for your brain. These receptors release positive neurotransmitters into your brain, like oxytocin and dopamine. The calming effect of heavy is blankets is so strong it's actually [clinically tested and proven](_URL_0_)", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-259746", "score": 0.7482905387878418, "text": "The sun emits solar radiation in a variety of forms, but most of what gets through the atmosphere is UV (ultraviolet), infrared and visible. When you absorb this radiation, the UV and infrared impart this energy in the form of heat to your skin, making you feel warmer. This of course does not happen inside your house unless you're by a sunny window. Being outside in the sun will always make the temperature feel at least a few degrees warmer, except in Winter when the sun's rays are relatively weak. This only works with direct sunlight, UV and IR don't go through your walls. Thus being outside - > exposed to more direct sunlight - > more energy transfer - > more warmth. There are other factors as well, such as general activity levels and your natural sensitivity to temperature changes. But I think solar radiation absorption is the biggest factor.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-68591", "score": 0.7425093054771423, "text": "Blankets offer physical contact where an empty room does not, and that can be comforting. The ancient technique of \"swaddling\" babies (wrapping them in blankets) to calm them and keep them quiet is an example of this. They also prevent wafts of air from moving across your body and cooling it, and they can be hiked up to cut off light. And on top of these reasons, they're also highly adjustable - you can take them off to immediately cool down, but a room's temperature isn't so easily warmed or cooled in some cases, and particularly not without having to get out of bed to do it.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-75263", "score": 0.7418243288993835, "text": "The weight of the blanket gives a comforting preassure over your body which gives you the idea of being hugged or comforted. Atleast this is sonewhat for me the case.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-33190", "score": 0.740380585193634, "text": "The sweater prevents you from losing body heat. It doesn't add warmth to you. Because your own body temperature is a reasonably comfortable temperature, the sweater remains comfy most of the time.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2313820", "score": 0.7402113080024719, "text": "It’s my understanding that when it’s warm outside, heat will come in, and vice versa in the winter. I’ve noticed recently, however, that even though it’s freezing outside, certain rooms in my house will become colder with the window open, and some will stay warm! How is this possible?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-127249", "score": 0.7389020323753357, "text": "The trick is that temperature is dynamic, not static. If you're temperature at some moment is, say, 90 degrees, that means that you are generating some amount of heat (say 95 degrees worth) and then dissipating heat at some rate that leads to your temperature reading as 90 overall. If you were to put on a coat, you'd reduce the speed at which the heat dissipates. That would lead your temperature to go up, despite no internal changes. cuddling is like putting on the coat, but even better since not only is the person you're cuddling likely to insulate you better than the air, but they are also likely producing their own heat (so if they're hotter than you you might actually gain, not just lose slower).", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-262398", "score": 0.7360697388648987, "text": "An important aspect to heating and insulation is 'dead air' which is trapped air. Air is a pretty good insulator and will trap heat effectively as long as it cannot move around. Comforter blankets are puffy for this very reason. While I can't say anything specific about your blanket, the fuzzy side might on average sit higher above your body allowing more air to act as insulator.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-132471", "score": 0.7358367443084717, "text": "Unless it is an emergency blanket which might have 2 different sides (1 orange ,1 silver one is for reflecting heat away the other is to keep heat inside) a normal blanket other than for aesthetic reasons don't have a difference. It will keep you warm by trapping your own heat under the cover.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-10978", "score": 0.7352794408798218, "text": "Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why do my feet get cold and sweaty when I don't wear socks and have them underneath the blanket? ](_URL_5_) 1. [ELI5: Why does putting socks, which cover around 5% of my body, make me feel significantly warmer? ](_URL_2_) 1. [ELI5: Why does sticking one foot out of the blanket make me feel cool? ](_URL_4_) 1. [ELI5: If my whole body is under a blanket but my foot is exposed, then my foot is freezing ... but if my entire body is exposed, then I don't feel that cold. Please ELI5 ](_URL_3_) 1. [ELI5: Why does sticking one foot out from under the blankets prevent me from getting too hot? ](_URL_0_) 1. [ELI5 Why is it that both legs under the covers is too hot, both legs out too cold, but one in one out is prefect? ](_URL_1_)", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-177002", "score": 0.7340777516365051, "text": "It's all about regulating body temperature. The feet contain many blood vessels, so by sticking your feet out of the blanket, it allows your body to cool down, by allowing that cool air to cool down the vasculature in your feet (and obviously that blood is going to continue circulating through your body).", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-286086", "score": 0.7325246334075928, "text": "Biological; it's due to your body's thermoregulation during sleep. Your body's core (thoracic, head, abdomen) and shell (skin, muscles, appendages) temperatures [vary over a 24 hr period](_URL_0_). As you can see your body loses much of its heat during normal sleeping hours, and people actually sleep better and longer with slightly lower shell temperatures than normal. [This](_URL_2_) study found that decreasing shell temperature by 0.4°C led to significant decreases in early waking/waking during the night, and more time spent in deep sleep (stage 3 and 4). But why do we use blankets then? Because [warming your skin before sleep aides in falling asleep](_URL_1_?). Significant changes in ambient temperature while you sleep can also be disruptive, and being under a blanket creates a microclimate that varies less significantly with ambient temperature changes.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-181", "score": 0.7781172394752502, "text": "Jeb Bush is considered (generally) the primary establishment candidate, which means he's expected to have significant political clout with the republican party. Alternatively, he's also a Bush, which means he's entangled in a lot of familial controversy, 'Bush Dynasty' 'Can George Bush's brother win after his unpopularity?' sort of stuff. Both attract interest, which the media wants in order to get paid." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-56728", "score": 0.689649224281311, "text": "The do get coverage, but there are a few reasons why they don't get as much national coverage... 1) Very few races are actually competitive. Between gerrymandering of House districts and states' entrenched political slants, maybe 50 of the 470 Congressional seats are actually races of any kind. 2) The races that are actual races, all that matters is the local voters. So here in Illinois, there is a lot of coverage of the Mark Kirk/Tammy Duckworth race for Senate because it's a close race with the incumbent behind in the polls. 3) TRUMP. His constant antics are distracting the media away from everything else, even the more substantive issues of the presidential election. For example, this AM more coverage is going to Trump calling a former Miss Universe fat/Miss Piggy than analysis of the different plans to create jobs presented in the debate last night.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2246444", "score": 0.6848605871200562, "text": "I had a thought as I was reading the Washington Post this morning. There were positive articles on Hunstman and a neutral article on Romney. Nothing on the current 2nd place person polling, Ron Paul. Look at the news online today, it's flush with articles about how Ron Paul has problems dealing with the media.\n\nCould we take maybe one major newspaper and/or one major network (like cnn) and compare Ron Paul's coverage by date compared to other people that moved up in the polls let's say, Santorum and Gingrich or Huntsma? Basically how many positive or neutral articles and how many negative articles that source had on the three candidates? \n\nIt feels like Paul was getting no attention from the media, and now that his polling numbers are up no thanks to them, he is getting far more negative articles written about him than other candidates. Is it possible to put something like this together? I imagine you could find the number of articles written about someone by a certain media outlet through lexis nexis or some other search. Finding out whether it's positive or negative would take more work.\n\nThoughts on this?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-67123", "score": 0.6772776246070862, "text": "He was never taken seriously by the media as a candidate and thus got a less coverage. Name recognition and media mentions of your name as a 'serious' contender do matter increasing an impression that drives money donations. Also many, but not all, of his positions are more progressive and moderate than the mood of the republican party. Ex. He believes global warming is real, and a majority of republicans want a president who does not believe it is real.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-25905", "score": 0.6691017746925354, "text": "He was (relatively) popular before the race started. However,afterwards,he hasn't been doing anything to stick out.he isn't doing anything bad,but he's also not doing anything to get any media attention,at all. He also has to compete with candidates like Trump who are \"anti government\" (massively simplifying that category) But by far the biggest thing is he simply isn't being noticed at the moment,and the media has enough stories that theyre not covering him as hard of a quirky underdog as they used to", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-42058", "score": 0.6689195036888123, "text": "he's keeping himself in the spotlight much more than any other candidate. That's really all there is to it, I think. When you ask people \"who is running as a republican candidate\", the first name they think of, I'd guess, is Donald Trump.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-86554", "score": 0.6671437621116638, "text": "It is how the American presidential process works. We are still a *long* way from the election, and we have only had the first real political event two days ago (first debate). For this reason the person with the biggest name recognition is always the front runner. Sure there are big political names on the Republican election like Jeb Bush or Marco Rubio, but almost every single person in American knows Donald Trump. For this reason he gets very high marks in the polls because casual voters do not really know who is running yet, so when polled they say a name they recognize. Thus Donald Trump is leading the polls. He will not win and his lead will diminish as other people running for the Republican nomination get more recognized. As an example at this point in the election in 2008, Hillary Clinton was the walk away winner of the Democratic nomination because everyone knew her, and only people that really watched politics knew who Barack Obama was.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-56444", "score": 0.6619447469711304, "text": "\"The media\" is not invovled. The debates are held by the Commission on Presidential debates. Which is run bipartisanly by republicans and democrats. Commission sets the rules and the parties agree. The media just covers the debate.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1556863", "score": 0.6551944017410278, "text": "I read an article posted here earlier today ( and thought about how to attack some of the issues in the article.\n\nIn particular:\n\n\"In the 1992 presidential campaign candidates spent more time answering questions from \"ordinary people\"—citizens in town-hall forums, callers on radio and TV talk shows—than they had in previous years. The citizens asked overwhelmingly about the what of politics: What are you going to do about the health-care system? What can you do to reduce the cost of welfare? The reporters asked almost exclusively about the how: How are you going to try to take away Perot's constituency? How do you answer charges that you have flip-flopped?\"\n\nThe idea is to create some show, that would get enough attention to warrant big named people to come and answer hard questions. The issue with the journalists in the above link is that they have no motivation to ask what we want - they have to ask stupid to keep it sensationalized over a longer term.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-54727", "score": 0.6545813083648682, "text": "The main hurdle for Gary Johnson was that the Commission on Presidential Debates required 15% polling to allow third party candidates into the debates. You also have to have a mathematical chance of winning (i.e. be on the ballot in enough states to win the electoral college)", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1130489", "score": 0.6517478227615356, "text": "I apologize if the question isn’t relevant here. I also understand, technically, why there is so much less coverage compared to Moore because it comes down to getting clicks and views. \n\nBut my concern is this huge disparity makes Jones basically invisible in the media. What if any coverage turns out to be good coverage? Has the news basically been promoting Moore for free, just like many people feel like they did with Trump? \n\nHow do we stop doing this? (I’m hoping that since I’m not a resident of Alabama, maybe I’m just not seeing the campaigning the Democrats have put together for Jones. I hope that’s the case. )", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1121015", "score": 0.6515847444534302, "text": "With sports and entertainment being on hold, people being instructed to avoid going out and live/new programming being very limited; couldn't you see it being the \"thing\" to watch? Especially with medical coverage being the main difference between the two candidates could make it more interesting. Or is Biden being the presumptive nominee take away some of that \"much watch\" factor?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-9260", "score": 0.6509515047073364, "text": "People are most inclined to do what's easiest and whatever they think is best for them. Learning the candidates and what they bring to the table is (unfortunately) more work than a lot of people want to put into it -- and it's even harder when you can't filter out what's true, and what's BS.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-891246", "score": 0.6495630145072937, "text": "I'm not asking which ones you'd ask an individual candidate, like why Romney put a dog on the roof of his car, but something that both candidates probably don't want to talk about, or shows there's little difference in both of their plans, like the war on drugs, or wars and foreign policy in the Middle East. Try your best to include facts and word it in a way that would make it tough to avoid the question.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1909917", "score": 0.6492748856544495, "text": "Now that Trump is now officially the POTUS, I've been giving a lot of thought to the path of his election, and something has been bothering me the more I think about it. \n\nIt's not hard to deduce that his election was the result of a number of forces that came together. We can point to the weakness of Hilary as a candidate, the failure of the left to reach out to the right, especially in the mid-west, the anger of Americans over issues like immigration and PC culture, the failure of the establishment on both sides to build meaningful change, the loss of manufacturing jobs, the list goes on and on. \n\nBut in spite of all of those forces, I'm wondering: Would Trump have been elected if the media hadn't covered him so extensively? \n\nIn a typical campaign, the candidate has to go out to events, meet voters, and speak to the media about their views. That is the bread and butter of a campaign, more or less. But in Trump's case, I feel that he got a lot of free publicity from the media that he didn't need to encourage.\n\nIn particular, I'm thinking not only of all the articles that published his speeches and events during the campaign, but also all the articles, segments and features that examined his proposals more in depth, that countered with evidence and expert opinion. \n\nIn deconstructing the messages Trump was using, did they inadvertently give him more exposure and publicity than he would have otherwise warranted? \n\nTaken together, did the media enable Trump's win by giving him more coverage than he deserved? After all, you cannot win an election if no one is listening. And during leadership races especially, media will display a bias towards more prominent candidates versus those who aren't as well known. \n\nWhy is this relevant for Canadian Politics?\n\nIn the Canadian context, I am thinking about O'Leary. Now, I think we can all agree that O'Leary is not Trump, not exactly. He has questionable policy views, but he is not extreme to the same extent. \n\nThat being said, many of his statements are worrying, and I fear he would make a terrible Prime Minister. Running a business is not the same as running a country.\n\nGiven the media's ability to be gatekeepers of truth and information, should Canadian media be more aggressive in determining which candidates get coverage, and which do not? If a candidate comes out with very extreme or ignorant views, should they be able to receive media attention in the way a more rational and competent candidate would?\n\nAnd if the media are not willing or able to do this, should they be more aggressive in questioning and examining candidates? I am thinking along the lines of Sorkin's *The Newsroom*. While the show is fictional, and more idealistic, I think there is some merit to a media that is more rigorous and ruthless in their examination of politicians, public figures and party leadership candidates. \n\nThe concern of course is this: if the populace does not care about substantive public discourse, which is the case in Canada, then the efforts media would undertake to fulfill this role would be wasted. \n\nWhat does everyone else think? Should Canadian media be more discriminating in which candidates they cover, and how how much?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1499312", "score": 0.6485384106636047, "text": "are there that many people that it is possible that he could actually become president one day, or does the US media just fluff up his appearances to make hiim look more popular than he really is. Fox news seems to be pasting his face all over its airways.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-105235", "score": 0.6472893357276917, "text": "Presumably, because most people are too busy to look into the issues and candidates themselves. So, they'll vote for whoever they like and trust endorses.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1875074", "score": 0.6466709971427917, "text": "Even the Daily Show isn't giving Paul any coverage, whereas earlier in the race they were pointing out how he was constantly being overlooked by the media. Do all these supposed wins have any effect on the primary at this point?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-16207", "score": 0.642603874206543, "text": "A few: 1. You might still be able to bring up issues and have them seriously discussed by the candidates with a chance, because the press is still paying some attention to you. 2. You might have a shot at becoming Vice President. 3. If you want to run in the future, it helps to keep your name out there. A lot of people who won the Presidency lost one or more times before they won.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-111837", "score": 0.6423566341400146, "text": "More people are interested in presidential elections, because that's one of the most important people in the nation. Reps/senators do have more effect locally, but they get a lot less media coverage, and people likely just don't hear about them. I'd encourage everyone to vote, even if for a small local election.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-332384", "score": 0.641879677772522, "text": "I've seen posts supporting Ron Paul here, with hundreds of upvotes. Why is Ron Paul not getting the exposure that he's deserved and needs, especially from us redditors? \n\nI'm new to /r/politics, so maybe I'm missing something, but he seems to be someone that can actually do some good.\n\nWhy am I not hearing anything about Ron Paul, comparable to coverage or Romney? Am I mistaken about Paul's support?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-182", "score": 0.7029503583908081, "text": "Shi'ites think that leadership in Islam should be hereditary, and that Imams more or less represent the authority of the founder through his bloodline. Sunnis think that leadership in Islam should be by some sort of democratic process, and you don't need to be a descendant of the founder to hold authority. It started out that way when the movement had to decide on how to continue after the death of its founder. Pretty soon, through in-fighting and because that is the way things go in a closely knit community, everybody and his uncle also had an opinion that would be forced upon the community. There is a Wikipedia article that goes into the various branches of islam in more detail: _URL_0_" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1634554", "score": 0.6676310896873474, "text": "My family is shia and at family events I’ve heard some of my aunts say how they absolutely hate all Sunni people that they are monsters and scum etc. One of them even distributed a flyer (!) on a wedding saying that Sunni people are the worst people on this planet. I was just perplexed. I mean they’re people, you’re literally hating on random people that you don’t even know.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1635202", "score": 0.6676186323165894, "text": "Since Islam is for all people in all places and time periods, it makes sense why the guidance is somewhat ambiguous (differences of opinion and interpretation exist) in order to apply to the changing and diverse communities that people live in. \n\nAnd this is one of the many reasons why we end things with **Allah knows best** in case we are wrong in an interpretation.\n\nFor example, interpreters in Saudi Arabia tend to be more conservative and those in Turkey or the US tend to be more liberal. \n\nThe environment someone is in impacts their view.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-233198", "score": 0.6675309538841248, "text": "Honestly, not very relevant. There was actually very little dispute over the succession of Abu Bakr and Umar and Uthman. It was *during* the reign of Uthman that troubles began cropping up, due in no small part to the rapid expansion of the Islamic state and the burgeoning number of new Muslims. If there's one event which we can pinpoint as the impetus for the civil wars it's really the assassination of Uthman. It was in response to his assassination that the two camps of Ali and Muawiyyah arose and this is what set the stage for the civil wars. I wrote a very long post a while back and I'll see if I can dig it up, but really the split between Sunnism and Shi'ism was more of a gradually expanding process than a simple white/black dispute over the succession of Muhammad.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1636360", "score": 0.6671817898750305, "text": "[Part 1] ( \n[Part 2] ( \n[Part 3] ( \n\nI know this is old (2014) but I don't think it's been posted here. This is an email conversation between Ali Rizvi and Faisal Saeed Al Mutar I just stumbled upon. I thought it might interest a lot of you. Both of them put into words what I'm sure a lot of us have experienced ourselves, be it on the road to disbelief or the response we get when criticising Islam. Each part is less than a 5 minute read. \n\nQuotes that stood out to me:\n\n**Faisal**: Those of us who have been activists in different locations around the world can look at these differences more objectively. \n\n**Ali**: If a white man raised here took his wife and daughters out dressed in burkas and veils, all hell would break loose. But if I did it as a brown man, the emphasis would be on “respect” for my “culture”.\n\n**Ali**: It seemed that everything in holy scripture that is now proven to be objectively false was really meant as a “metaphor”. \n\n**Ali**: Instead of deriving their moral values *from* the Quran, they use their *inherent* morality to interpret it. \n \n**Ali** (about Jews/Christians when asked about violent parts of their holy books): \nThey just say they don’t agree with it, that it’s out of date, that they don’t agree with “that part,” or whatever. It’s cherry picking, but *it’s honest cherry picking.*", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1634188", "score": 0.6666398048400879, "text": "Salaams. I've recently been starting to learn about different versions of Islam, as the Salafi version I was taught seemed to miss a crucial aspect (which is, learning from pious followers). I also liked that Shias pray on a specific clean rock, as I find myself wanting to pray on actual Earth / land rather than carpet.\n\nWith that said, I recently moved towards Sufism, as it made sense to me. I know Sufis have been persecuted by a lot of Muslims. Many of my Muslim friends say Sufism is bidah, etc. I also know Shias are persecuted. \n\nMy question is, do Shias and Sufis have any animosity / dislike towards each other?\n\nCan I openly say I practice Sufism to Shias without fearing for anything? I'm a Sunni Sufi, of a Madhab that prays with my hands crossed. Should I avoid Shia mosques and what not? I also read a lot of Ghazalis books, who Shias don't like. Should I keep my Ghazali books hidden when I'm around Shias? \n\n(Asking because Salafi Sunnis seem to dislike Sufis)\n\nI'm sure most people here are open minded, I'm just asking like in general (suppose I visit Iran or other Shia majority areas).", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-50811", "score": 0.6664541363716125, "text": "It's a convention of the Arabic language. In a lot of cases, the word for \"the one who does a thing\" is formed by modifying the word for \"the thing\" and adding an M to the beginning. So Islam (the thing) becomes Muslim (the person who does the thing). For all the pedants out there, heck off, this is ELI5.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-3531", "score": 0.6662552952766418, "text": "Whether they are Sunni, Shia, or any other religious denomination is purely incidental. The US Government does not lend support based on compatibility with western value systems. Foreign relations is about geopolitical strategy, not ideals.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-109052", "score": 0.6661716103553772, "text": "According to [this](_URL_0_) article, they either choose the timetable for fasting that is used in Mecca, or the one that is used in the nearest Muslim country.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-164337", "score": 0.6654969453811646, "text": "ISIS is a different sect than the shiite mosque they bombed. they all basically hate each other and have nothing to do. ISIS enemy list is like this 1.) Jews 2.) West 3.) Hindus 4.) Other muslim sects 5.) themselves", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-228570", "score": 0.6652400493621826, "text": "I also want to say this specifically refers to the middle east and the Orient before the rise of Islam. I read a lot about Persian Christians when I read about Christianity from the past and I was told Christianity and Zoroastrianism competed with each other in those territories before Islam came around.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1634638", "score": 0.6643663644790649, "text": "\n\nThis is a good video. The title is about his take on salat, which is obviously the Sunni version, however, almost during the whole video, he talks about acknowledging the blessings and mercy of God.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1635456", "score": 0.6642482876777649, "text": "Let's get this straight once and for all, Reddit.\n\nIslam is a religion. A Muslim is a follower of the religion of Islam. 'Islamic' isn't a term used to describe a follower of Islam.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2610926", "score": 0.6635889410972595, "text": "I would be lying if I said that I didn't admire Islam's audacity in getting things done and truly shaping societies around their religion. Catholics have canon Law, but this only pertains to things relating to the church and does not touch secular law at all. Sharia Law on the other hand envelopes both Canon law (Islam equivalent of course) and secular law; It connects both Secular law and Canon law so that there is no divide between them. You could make the case that Catholic Social teaching is this, but I feel Catholic Social Teaching doesn't touch law really at all. I think there should be a Catholic equivalent to Sharia Law so that we can have the strength that Islamic societies have, the unity of religious law and secular law under a single system.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-94996", "score": 0.663528561592102, "text": "All the different sects are based on small theological differences, as well as traditions and governing practices. If you want a description of the different groups, you can't do better than [this comment](_URL_0_) by /u/thoumyvision. As for the reason, well, because those theological differences exist, and it's the most popular religion in the world, so there's room for diversification. It's not unique to Christianity, either, Islam is portrayed as much more monolithic than it really is, there are dozens of different sects. The two that everybody knows, Sunni and Shiite, are really just categories, like Catholocism/Orthodoxy and Protestantism. Nobody talks about diversification in Buddhism because the Buddhists almost never really argue about it, that's just kind of their way, but it does exist. Judaism is not popular enough to have lots of different sects, but it does have some.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-231190", "score": 0.6634583473205566, "text": "Are you sure this is a historical question? If yes, please indicate which time frame you are interested in as both religions changed a lot in the course of their existence.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-204375", "score": 0.6630015969276428, "text": "Mesopotamia had been an Ottoman province for a very long time - since 1535. The Ottomans themselves made little difference between ethnic groups, instead preffering to organise society along religious lines. The Ottomans captured Mesopotamia from the Shia Safavid (Persian) Empire in a long and costly struggle. As the Ottoman Empire was officially Sunni and rejected Shia beliefs, the Ottomans made the local Arab Sunni population the elite. This system was kept up until the age of nationalism. When the British captured Mesopotamia and created the Kingdom of Iraq, they allowed the local Sunni elites to remain and rewarded their Hashemite allies with the throne of Iraq. Administrating the country like that had worked well for the Ottomans for centuries, and while tragic, no-one at the time cared for the Kurds.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1184449", "score": 0.662605881690979, "text": "yo fellow redditors, please abstain from getting involved. this is between a muslim and an exmuslim. a continuation from here.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-110787", "score": 0.6621552109718323, "text": "The Quran is not the only holy book in Islam. There are also several Hadiths, and some of them are more broadly accepted than others. Which Hadiths to observe is one of the biggest differences between Muslim factions. There is one particular Hadith that is regected by most Muslims as inauthentic and non-canonical, but is used by Islamists to justify their terrorism.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-234200", "score": 0.662001371383667, "text": "There are quite a few. * You've probably heard of the Yezidi recently - they probably come from a combination of Sufi Islam and Zoroastrianism. * The Samaritans used to be big - about 1.5M in their golden age. * There's the Druze - I think they are synchretic between Christianity and Islam. * There's Rastafarianism, which is often overlooked. * Hanafism was a pre-Islamic Arabic monotheism, probably influenced by Judaism and Christianity. * The Mandaeans of Iraq are gnostics who lay stress on John the Baptist, but believe Jesus to be a false messiah. * Baha'i is a recent faith, dating from the 19C", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-806324", "score": 0.66195148229599, "text": "Out of the loop and hoping to get some info. I grew up as Sunni Muslim and I always wondered why Shia Muslims had a negative view of Aisha.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-183", "score": 0.7261594533920288, "text": "It depends on the context, but I'll stick to your examples. People didn't view still photographs on photographic film. They needed to be printed on photographic paper. Slides are an exception, but they didn't get popular until later. Motion picture film is negative and printed onto another piece of film to make a positive for viewing via a projector. Many people view magnified motion picture film, but most people never view still photo negatives. This is may not be the etymology, but it makes sense, and that's what your looking for." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-139725", "score": 0.6893293857574463, "text": "Transitioning from scene to scene is called cutting. It's called that for a good reason They would literally cut the film and then connect it back together in the order that they wanted it. To a person now a days it seems almost funny that they used to make movies by taping together thousands of pictures but that's the way they did it. Remember that for hundred years we recorded sound by carving the sound wave into a turning thing.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-175415", "score": 0.6821039319038391, "text": "They cut the film, stuck it back together, and wrapped the cut in clear tape. That's where the terms come from. Like, they used scissors. On the physical film. You do know that the reel that's still used in logos used to be how film was recorded, right?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-172143", "score": 0.6801285147666931, "text": "Photographs taken with film camera use photographic film, special paper coated with chemicals that are sensitive to light. Their brief exposure to light focused through the lens of the camera allows them to record the image, but then they must be chemically treated to retain that image and produce prints. Those light sensitive chemicals don’t stop being sensitive to light just because the photograph was taken, so handling the film outside of the camera needs to be done in a room without light, a “dark room”.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-57867", "score": 0.6789949536323547, "text": "You have it the other way around - film *is* the original photo. Photographic film is a sheet of transparent film, coated with a transparent emulsion. When this emulsion is exposed to light, it darkens. So areas of the film which were exposed more light become darker, while areas that remain unexposed remain lighter, and thus we get a negative image.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2504401", "score": 0.678868293762207, "text": "I don't understand the difference between the two except for the *extremely* basic facts, i.e. one exposes film to light to record the images and the other is a super fancy digital camera.\n\nAlso, what is the significance of a major motion picture being shot on film in 2014? Is it uncommon? Does it matter for some reason?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-139521", "score": 0.6781330108642578, "text": "The body of the camera is the part with all the internals. For example if you have one with a detachable lens and other accessories (lights, etc), the body would be the camera itself. I assume it is has been shortened to simply the \"body\" now because \"film\" is no longer required in digital cameras.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-59614", "score": 0.6765987277030945, "text": "Firstly... Holy fuck does this post make me feel old. 2ndly it's not nessecarly that film is better than digital, its that you're more connected to the work as you have to take it and process it.. You're more in the moment with taking the photo and not distracted by a billion different settings and checking the image after each shot because you don't get to see what you've taken until your process it. Film is processed into negatives from the camera roll, using chemical baths to draw out the photo and different timings and chemical applications can create different effects on the the film. The negatives are then processed and blown up into prints. Where film does tend to outshine digital media at least in still photography is in large format photography where you can capute images that capable of being blown up to enormous proportions", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-116796", "score": 0.6744109392166138, "text": "Digital cameras have not surpassed film cameras in quality until quite recently, and until about ten years ago, almost every major movie was done on film. By now, there are pretty much no mor eadvantage to film. Digital cameras allow higher resolution shots, have shorter exposure time (e.g. for slow motion) and are more flexible regarding the lighting. The reason people still stick to film is mostly because it's a transitional period. Film is still viable, and lots of people are experienced in using them. It's not something esoteric like Vinyl records.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-129531", "score": 0.6719257235527039, "text": "A photo is generally generated through the utilization of a camera. A picture can be used to describe a photo BUT it can also mean art that has been done by paint, charcoal, software, or other materials. An image is a broad term for anything that is on a 2-D form of media. A photo and a picture can be an image. It is the most general term to describe 2-D visual media. I hope that helps!", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-27654", "score": 0.6718559265136719, "text": "Don't know specifically which phenomenon you're referring to but in general photographs in the early days of photography were considered a serous and special occasion and so there was more posing involved in an attempt to maintain serious posture, facial expression (smiling was not popular in photography originally), etc. So in this respect it would have been set up more like a traditional paint portrait as opposed to a photograph. Also in general it took longer to capture an image on film because of the exposure speeds so it could have been harder for someone to focus on just one spot for so long.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-14064", "score": 0.6657183766365051, "text": "Film is just a bunch of photographs, they have higher picture quality than pretty much any digital picture does. A pixel in a digital photo needs a whole little man made sensor and wiring, a photograph is just a little bit of chemical. We are getting to the point the visual difference between digital and analog isn't really there but analog photos are still miles ahead of digital and might always be.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-44011", "score": 0.6653597354888916, "text": "because photographs are better image quality than a video. for photos, each individual frame can be focused differently, each frame can have a different shutter speed, aperture, focal length, etc. so you can totally control the amount of light that comes in. for video, usually, there's no automatic refocusing and you have a fixed aperature, there's no shutter speed differences since the shutter is always open. sometimes, the video camera is too fast. ie 30 fps or 60fps, whereas we wanted to take a picture that is at 10 fps, like one of those night time moving light effects. tl dr: photos let us control the exposure way more than videos.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-90222", "score": 0.664725661277771, "text": "There are seven words in the english language that do this: Potatoes Tomatoes Embargoes Echoes Heroes Torpedoes Vetoes That is just how they were originally spelt. As for photos, it's short for photographs making it an adopted \"slang\" word.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-14255", "score": 0.6645632982254028, "text": "The camera and photography occurred. Most art before the invention of the camera was for duplicating and capturing life-like images. Why hire a painter to paint a portrait when a photo will do? Now that we can capture images perfectly, art has to focus on things that aren't so easily captured: emotions and ideas.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1455936", "score": 0.6615065932273865, "text": "Again, just my humble opinion. I work in the film industry and am an aspiring cinematographer. I've never had the opportunity (yet) to shoot on film, but I very much hope to do so. I've studied under some amazing cinematographers, many of whom shoot and prefer film, and as I've worked with them, **I've learned something about the whole film vs digital debate:**\n\n**many film-prefering filmmakers and photographers alike advocate for film simply because it's 'the brush they like to paint with.', and they feel their creative decision to use film is being squashed and disregarded.**\n\nI feel too many people are arguing that one medium is definitively better than the other for a given set of reasons. I personally don't buy it. Both have some incredible pros and cons, but I think we're losing track of the bigger point in all of this technical spec debate, and that is, that certain artists like to paint with different brushes. Why are we trying to take that away from them? Isn't that like trying to eliminate oil paints in favor of acrylic? I totally completely understand the financial aspect of it, and Kodak should definitely be aggressively trying to make film a more competitive medium by finding ways to reduce the costs. But still, celluloid has been the standard in the film industry for over a hundred years and is still just as viable and gorgeous as ever. I think it's dangerous that we are trying to eliminate it so quickly. It's an artistic expression.\n\nJust my thoughts. What are yours? Thanks for taking the time to read this!", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-55051", "score": 0.6605546474456787, "text": "Well, these days it's like 100x easier to use digital format. However, there are some benefits to film. Generally, the color is better and there is a cinematic \"feel\" to the imagery. Furthermore, 70mm is mega high quality. While it can't be directly converted to resolution, it's close to something like 9-10k. Huge.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-198242", "score": 0.6577404141426086, "text": "[We just touched on this a week ago.](_URL_0_) If you'd like to do your own research, the term to start with is \"photoplay\", and the rough answer is that they started being included about 1910.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-85357", "score": 0.6568246483802795, "text": "Film doesn't have \"D\"s that can be H or L. They weren't broken up into little grids. film just captures an image chemically across the whole paper right down to irregularly shaped crystals at a microscopic size. Film captures more information than digital cameras even now, because even with how good we are at making electronic components tiny we still can't get as tiny as the simple molecules that change color with light exposure that film uses.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-88825", "score": 0.6565597653388977, "text": "Because color is a lot more complicated. When you're producing a black and white photo you're basically asking the film to count photons (\"particles\" of light). More photons gives you a brighter spot. When you're trying to capture color you're not only counting photons but also trying to record what color they were. The get the count and the color of the photons you need all manner of specialized chemicals that only react to specific colors of light. Black and white photography is much simpler.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-211525", "score": 0.6553925275802612, "text": "I think you’re glossing over “radically divorced from their original purposes” here. The point is not that photographs are inherently surreal—clearly, the opposite is true. It’s that photos are uniquely suited for surrealist manipulation, more so than any other representational art. A painting, for example, even a photorealistic one, is a step further removed from reality, or more, depending on the artist’s style. But a simple photograph captures what’s real in a way that other art doesn’t. It’s the *juxtaposition* of a work with another that makes it surreal, not necessarily the work itself. Think about editing a photograph of Neville Chamberlain and replacing his head with a jellyfish. Neither photo is in itself surreal, but by combining them you have made surrealist political commentary.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-184", "score": 0.6693235039710999, "text": "This is a difficult question, America is insanely vast. A Republican in New York is going to be much different from a republican in Texas. A democrat in California will be different from a democrat in Michigan. Any person that wants to run for major office with a likable chance of winning usually has to run under one of these two parties, recent example: Bernie Sanders. The idea is Republican is generally more conservative, pushing for no economic regulation but social restrictions. Democrats are generally more Liberal pushing for zero social regulation but economic and business restrictions." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-93697", "score": 0.6358484625816345, "text": "Well back in 2001 there was popular bipartisan support for the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. With Syria there is popular bipartisan opposition to the war. Both times people tend to support their parties president in their decision a little more than the opposition. However the partisan differences in support for the wars are exaggerated, mostly by media bias.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1020088", "score": 0.6358204483985901, "text": "All this post-election noise about secession seems ridiculous at first, right? Then again, how could we expect anything other than utter childishness and petulance from a party whose platform is so severely anti-woman and anti-gay; whose economic policies have been consistently and conclusively proven as an utter failure; who believe taxing the wealthy at the same rate as their secretaries is \"punishing success\"; who wanted to elect a spineless, tax-dodging venture capitalist because they hate Obama with an illogical passion they can't explain; who effectively shut down congress for the past four years out of pure spite; who throw around the word \"socialist\" as a pejorative when they can't begin to actually define it; who engaged in massive voter suppression efforts disguised as voter fraud prevention, even though all evidence of voter fraud was exclusively on their side; who couldn't actually run against Obama's record so instead relied on fear-mongering, race-baiting and the ignorance of their undereducated electorate?\n\nThink about that, and then think about this: they WANT to secede. They are actually asking to no longer be our problem. Guys, this makes so much sense. Red states whose voters decry \"government handouts\" are disproportionately supported by tax revenue from blue states. Let's keep that money, use that and a small portion of our bloated military budget to fund education and give low and middle income families some much-needed tax breaks. We can tax the rich a significantly higher percentage, that many of them actually want to pay, and tax them on ALL their income, not just the portion they can't manage to squirrel away somewhere. Meanwhile, the red states can force women to have all the babies they want, can bully gay kids in school without recrimination, can allow the church to RULE the state, can stack the deck in favor of the rich and make the poor even poorer, can destroy the environment all they want in the absence of any regulatory bodies. Sounds like a real paradise, doesn't it? Government as the absence of government, except when it's the bible in disguise?\n\nTL;DR: If they want to secede, let them go. We aren't losing out in any way.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-719233", "score": 0.6357738375663757, "text": "A lot of people will identify as liberal, conservative, or libertarian but will have some opinions that aren't philosophically consistent. For instance, a libertarian might support single-payer, a conservative might support gay rights or abortion, and you have a number of pro-life and/or pro-gun Democrats who have many otherwise liberal opinions. In my case, I'm generally a liberal Democrat but I happen to believe that Nordic/Germanic cultures (along with Canada, East Asian cultures on account of their excellent IQ/test scores, low amounts of violent crime, and high life expectancy, and Cuba and Costa Rica for their ecological and pacifist accomplishments) are superior and should be shared by all cultures if there is some way to do so without violent imperialism.\n\nWhat are some opinions you have that you struggle to categorize on a left-right spectrum, a Nolan chart, or other attempts to categorize ideology?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1501475", "score": 0.6357493996620178, "text": "Democrats work to pass laws and run the country in a way that is mostly in line with what Jesus taught about caring for your fellow man and are reviled for doing so. Republicans, long accepted to be \"the party of Jesus,\" have tricked the people they are screwing into passing laws and running the country in a way that is based on controlling morality, something Jesus (supposedly, I know where I'm at) specifically said was none of their damn business and are praised for doing so.\n\nPretty damn mysterious to me.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2472417", "score": 0.6356194019317627, "text": "Hell, the last Democrat to win more than 2 Southern states* at all was Bill Clinton—the same Bill Clinton that the far left never hesitates to call “establishment” and an “evil neoliberal centrist.”\n\nIf a centrist is someone who can do good things while getting Democrats and Republicans both to vote for them, what exactly is the downside here?\n\n*Virginia and Georgia are basically city-states at this point, and Florida is its own thing.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-46900", "score": 0.6355591416358948, "text": "Ideologies are entire systems of beliefs, comprised of many ideas, and supported by one or more philosophies.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2471830", "score": 0.635525107383728, "text": "Before I knew about communism or socialism, I basically thought that liberals and conservatives were basically liberals were good and wanted change because I thought the definition meant to liberate, to make free and conservatives were bad, racist white guys (which they are) and wanted to \"conserve\" the old way of doing things. That was how I thought it was when I started to think about politics when I was a teenager.\n\nThen I got older and it seemed like their way of doing things didn't help. One thing was thinking on charities. I did a charity run for Multiple Sclerosis for a couple years with organization I was a part of and never felt like I was doing anything expect doing a feel good, pat on your back activity, giving them some money and then go home. \n\nNothing changed, we still have the disease and people and their families still suffer. I didn't know about the policy of free health care but I thought Democrats would do something like that. Like bring in top doctors or scientist and brainstorm and cure the disease or something like we did with polio. \n\nThought like grew like how treat the homeless and the mental illness, people's odd ideals about religion, how the military works, etc. But what got me really questioning how things really was Obama's presidency. When was elected I was pretty happy about it but I had a big feeling like it was going to be an uphill battle with the racist in the government. That being said, one of biggest I wanted from him was his was influence to change way race works in America. You know make white people feel more accepting of black people and make racism a thing of the past and maybe true equality could be achieved. If that was the last thing he could do it would be that. I remember watching that Boondocks episode and really confusing about what Huey was talking about.\n\nDuring the Freddy Gray riots in Baltimore back in 2015 he called them \"thugs\" on live tv. That really stuck to me. These people where wronged by cops and the people who the people who protected. They were getting demonized online and the news treated with such. The black people in Baltimore had been fucked over by white supremacy and manipulation to take as much as can from them and now when they need someone in their corner with power and influence who could understand their plight, he did nothing and insults them. It wasn't just this either, I wasn't really that politically invested like now but I've heard about what he and his cabinet has done but I just shrugged it off since there wasn't anything I could do, which was completely wrong of me. \n\nThen, the DAPL protest happened. I was watching how it all went down on the The Young Turks independent news channel since regular news doesn't care enough or payed not to. I thought that least he would step in and place an order to stop which he did at the last moments of his presidency and just as easily, Trump did away with. This was after all the pain the Natives and their allies went through by the police, some being imprisoned, beaten, one person almost losing their arm, all while their land that was promised to them was taken away. \n\nIt finally hit me how the system really works and when I started working and seeing how people who work hard and get barely anything. That being a liberal is no more different than being a republican or right-wing. There all the same ideology that serve the same culture that America, as of now will always serve: profit and conquest by the rich and manipulation and destitution for everyone else.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-138698", "score": 0.6354013681411743, "text": "No system can. Humans have a tendency to group up around shared values. In a democratic system, this tendency results in parties: groups of people with (mostly) shared values who vote together to put politicians who (at least appear to) share their values into power. At the most simple level, suppose there are five of us, voting on what to eat for dinner. I like pizza best, you like Chinese best, and another friend likes hamburgers best, but we all like Sushi second, and really don't want Thai food, and the other two friends like Thai. The three of us might agree to all vote for Sushi, so that Sushi gets three votes, and beats out Thai; instead of each voting for what we really want, and letting Thai get more votes than anything else. Political parties are about organizing that process on the scale of states and countries.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-163077", "score": 0.6353170871734619, "text": "Generally this happens because conservative parties have a common cause with religious conservatives, who may have their own ideas about how the world works that conflict with established science. The left also has issues with this though. As demonstrated by the anti-vax, anti-GMO, and anti-nuclear movements.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-62303", "score": 0.6352408528327942, "text": "There are a couple explinations. The first is that many conservatives have the view that the federal government's main role should be protecting the people, ie raising a military. Libertarians for example think this is pretty much federal governemnts only role and everything else should be left for local governements or for indiviudals to take care of. A second, more cinical, point is business people want small governemnt because it hopefully means lower taxes. However, military spending gives a huge amount of money to US buisnesses each year. So while business people might oppose welfare or student grants because they are money going to indivduals, they are much more likely to favor military spending which mostly goes to business.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-142931", "score": 0.6352318525314331, "text": "Many on the right believe that people higher education institutions favor those with liberal viewpoints (if you are liberal then you do well at college). Many on the left believe that education leads to liberal viewpoints (if you do well at college then you become a liberal).", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-79831", "score": 0.6351305246353149, "text": "Well a 3rd party candidate would be good for a start. But the problem is that the way US elections are set up, voting for a third party candidate tends to work against your own interests. Imagine this: * There are 2 main party candidates, A and B. You think A is meh, but B is really bad. * There is a 3rd party candidate C, that you really like. * Because A and C are both candidates you like at least sort of, they probably share views on some major issues, meaning that a lot of people will at least sort of like both of them. * Generally elections go roughly half each way, so in the next election, *at best* half of the voting population likes A *and* C, and half likes B. * Some of the people who like both A and C vote for A, some vote for C. * Candidate B wins because the people who voted for A and C split the vote of the other.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-74041", "score": 0.6348806619644165, "text": "Demographics, mostly. Republicans tend to do well in more rural states, Democrats in more urban states. Obviously there are a lot of other factors, but that's one of the big ones. This is the \"structural disadvantage\" that you'll occasionally hear about the Republicans having: as states have urbanised, the newly urban states have given the Democrats a notable edge, so the Republicans have a harder job of winning the presidency than previously.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-206148", "score": 0.6348631978034973, "text": "Under Kennedy, the parties had not yet fully split along liberal/conservative lines, so the fight for the Civil Rights Act was not a party line issue. Infamously, Democrat Strom Thurmond filibustered it but failed to stop it. The reversal started with the New Deal. Anti-poverty programs overwhelmingly helped blacks (who were and still are more likely to be poor). That said, there were Republican civil rights champions, though. Two notable cases would be Eisenhower's mobilization of the National Guard to secure integration and Earl Warren's Supreme Court leadership. The reversal was cemented by the Civil Rights Act and Nixon's Southern Strategy - peeling off conservative Southern votes against civil rights from the Democrats and then locking up the South. That diluted liberal Republican voices (many of whom drifted to the Democrats).", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-221070", "score": 0.6348485350608826, "text": "In the United States, the year 2000. The color representing each political party used to switch back and forth, but during the controversial election of 2000 the election maps were so closely scrutinized that it became engraved in the public conscious that blue represented the democratic party, and red the republican. This color scheme is somewhat ironic considering that in most other parts of the world, red is typically associated with ~~liberal~~ leftist parties and blue with conservative ones.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1500632", "score": 0.634793758392334, "text": "Great America Party?\n\nGrand America Party?\n\nThe party should be about the country and the people, not the party! Suggestions?", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-199937", "score": 0.634730875492096, "text": "If i may piggyback on this. In the 60s-70s the Democratic party underwent massive change. Dixiecrats to more modern democratic party values. How did they reconcile this with the voting public? How did they, in a sense, \"rebrand\" themselves?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-82441", "score": 0.6346981525421143, "text": "Primary rules are up to the parties themselves as independent groups deciding how they want to get stuff done. They are not all proportional, for instance, they can vary by party, and by state. Many(most?) of the republican contests, for instance, are winner take all contests. Electors are also not necessarily winner-take-all in the general election. Their awarding is decided through state law and/or party agreements. Nebraska and Maine, for instance, both award their electors proportionally. > Seems needless and confusing Well, the more confusing you make it, the easier it is to game. At least, that's my cynical opinion.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2472026", "score": 0.6346213221549988, "text": "No political system is absolute and to dismiss a point of view because it is doesn't fit every extreme position is not only counterproductive, it's obviously too much of a disruptive force to be made by serious propenents of Libertarianism.\n\nIf the Democrats fall to pieces in their efforts to destroy Trump or if Trump effectively destroys the Republican party, either scenario creates the opportunity for the Libertarian party to become the replacement in the largely 2 party system. They know this and prefer we all continue to argue over whether or not eliminating all borders, all environmental measures and all corporate rights limitations is required to be called Libertarian or not.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-118243", "score": 0.6344693303108215, "text": "One average citizen alone can do nothing. So the way to institute change is to join, or help create, an organization of *many* people. These people can vote for a different candidate, or raise money to help a different candidate advertise, or write letters telling members of Congress how they wish to see them behave.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-185", "score": 0.6224361062049866, "text": "For American football games they know within one or two how many breaks there will be. On between possessions they will radio down and stop lay during the break a \"TV timeout\" and a dude in a bright colored red or yellow jacket will come out and stand with the ref until it is time to resume play." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-17913", "score": 0.5911851525306702, "text": "Their app can play in the background, but it is a paid subscription service. They likely don't make it free because they think they will make more from the subscriptions than from advertising with \"sound clips\" rather than video advertising.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1619994", "score": 0.5909369587898254, "text": "i. **Convoluted Sports Content Distribution System:** Presently, the TV network is composed of several channels, most of which do not serve any designated purpose. This makes it tedious to establish the location of particular content. On the other hand, larger platforms resort to arbitrage tactics to monopolize the distribution of content.\n\nii. **Intermediaries, Artificial Bundling And Pricing:** The presence of many intermediaries results in a significant increase in the subscription costs for TV content. Moreover, nobody is transparent about the pricing model deployed by these distributors. Even worse, consumers are forced to pay for undesirable content because it bundled with the sports content.\n\niii. **Centralized Revenue Distribution System:** As of now, ‘larger’ teams receive bigger chunks of the streaming revenue than their lesser counterparts. Also, content distributors sell the rights in league format, rather than per individual team. This is inconvenient because the consumer may not desire to watch some teams.\n\n**SportsFix** is blockchain-driven digital sports content ecosystem whose objective is to decentralize the distribution of sports media rights. Its parent company, SF Media Holdings, is an established provider of love video streaming services in the Asian market. Every week, millions of subscriber’s access live sporting events via their platform. \n\nBe Part of This Moving Train Platform; **SportsFix**! \n\nWEBSITE: ", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2462262", "score": 0.5908498167991638, "text": "I make my best plays when there are 9 or more horses per race. Usually, it involves the horse that gets off well.\n\nAnyway, I can't make any money when there is a 6 or 7 horse field. Odds are too meh. \n\nAlso, I have TVG channel and the Day at the races channel (usually only Sat/Sun, though)", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2389824", "score": 0.5907713174819946, "text": "A lot of the dissatisfaction voiced on this subreddit is about VODs and so much advertising. We don't like to watch commercials!\n\nStep back and think. This is a Google product. Google is an advertising company and that is how they make most of their money.\n\nThe UTTV product will go through a lot of incremental changes in the future but you can bet that Google's overall strategy is to make money from it by advertising.\n\nIf we don't like advertising we might want to consider changing our \"cut the cord\" strategy", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-729670", "score": 0.5907334685325623, "text": "I watched over 35 minutes of commercials in an hour, how is this acceptable ? I switched to chromecast and the problem stopped", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1341306", "score": 0.5907089114189148, "text": "For those who want to go down this rabbit hole, if you are a pure NFL fan and love your Saturday-Sunday football, DO NOT RESEARCH THIS TOPIC.\n\nAfter seeing a few games this year, I noticed the NFL referees are more involved, and their involvement has always seem to come in crucial situations to influence the outcome. A holding penalty here, then pass interference, then a no call on something that’s an obvious penalty. Aren’t these professionals who have more technology than decades ago to make sure they get the calls right?\n\nAfter some analysis, it appears some NFL teams are ‘favored’ when looking at trends for penalties at ‘key moments’ of a games. The NFL can’t control every play of every game, but certain games with big markets are critical to the NFLs brand and audience metrics. \n\nAre the outcomes of NFL games predetermined with the goal of perceived parity? (Any team can win on Sunday)\n\nThe ‘critical’ games are the ones to isolate in your analysis though, then the trends become clear and horrifying to pure fans. These are the big market teams who are expected to be in the playoffs.\n\nEver wonder why you can’t hear what the refs hear in their ear piece? Or why there is never any accountability for a ref doing a bad job at key moments of games over and over?\n\nBecause we now know for sure how easy it is for ‘third parties’ to get involved and influence decisions most fans assume they will be ‘neutral’ and ‘experts’. Just imagine the influence an advertiser must have on big games, like when some team is getting blown out and they are desperate to keep the TV on and commercials rolling.\n\n\n\nExposing too much on how the NFL and College Football control and manipulate games would jeopardize fan’s authentic belief in their team.\n\nAnd how big are these NFL sponsorships from big corporations? Is it possible some ownership groups gain referee preference and predetermined outcomes by bring in big dollars to the league?", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1281632", "score": 0.5906139016151428, "text": "What was the final straw that made you give up on watching commercial tv? Could they do anything to get you back or are you gone for good? Personally it was the amount of advertisements every hour and the inconsistent showing of tv shows that made me give up. I doubt I'll ever go back.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2028286", "score": 0.5902048349380493, "text": "I've been watching ads for bits for maybe half an hour and just now noticed that there hasn't been a limit. Is this a new change or a bug?", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-83033", "score": 0.590075671672821, "text": "That's a tax write off for selling themselves airtime, and also keeps the supply of commercial spots under control.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-122109", "score": 0.5900441408157349, "text": "Ads have trackers in them to see how many clicks and views they get. Without them, there's no way to calculate ad revenue, but adblockers know to look for them.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-83201", "score": 0.589803159236908, "text": "They don't \"need\" to, it is up to the advertiser to decide whether to mention the competition. Many consider mentioning the competition by name is a form of positive publicity, even if it puts them in a bad light. With cola, there are only two dominant brands, there there is really no need to be coy as they duke it out. With other products, there are multiple brands in the market, and terms like \"leading brand\" or \"bargain brand\" or \"competitor\" can be used by one commercial to refer to multiple brands.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-71968", "score": 0.5897164940834045, "text": "They don't. There are a bunch of families who have a special box attached to their TV, provided by a company called Nielson Media Research. The box transmits what you watch back to Nielson, and the company uses that data to figure out roughly how many people are watching.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-155969", "score": 0.5897096395492554, "text": "It's not about pushing units. Well it is... but not always. Commercials and marketing have a lot to do with brand recognition and outreach. So when Bud Light is paying millions to show you a super bowl ad, they aren't expecting you to leap up and buy more bud light. They are trying to give you a positive view of their brand (hence why those ads are usually funny/heartwarming) so that the next time you are in the market buying beer Bud Light will stick out to you.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-98118", "score": 0.589643120765686, "text": "A lot of seats are already accounted for even before they go on sale. You've got VIP seating, tickets that are given to various local radio stations, internet sites, magazines, etc., for contest giveaways. You could potentially have corporate accounts that get a block of seats automatically for events. Plus, many scalpers use programs to buy up tickets when they go on sale that are able to buy them much faster than any human could.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-78141", "score": 0.5895205736160278, "text": "Marketing has drastically changed. In 2007, most of our social media was not very old. YouTube was not all that old. Marketing is all about audience, and the best way to at the time to engage the most people was the Super Bowl. You drop your ad there, if it's a success it becomes huge. You can base a whole campaign on this ad, and it stays relevant and even part of pop culture. We no longer do that. We have cell phones that let us tweet and share while watching the game. We have YouTube where anything good goes viral, hits your feed in a moment, and you've seen it and probably forgotten about it pretty fast. To put simple: marketing no longer needs the Super Bowl to reach a huge audience anymore thanks to the rise of the internet, video streaming sites like YouTube, and social media that let's you target a specific audience.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-107469", "score": 0.5894755721092224, "text": "If you only have 52 minutes of story to tell in an episode, you only have 52 minutes of story. Since you don't have to worry about commercials, there's no incentive to cut **or** pad the episode to make an exact time. Pointless filler bullshit is just as bad as removing stuff.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-140925", "score": 0.5893188714981079, "text": "Monopolies. Clearchannel (or iHeart, or whatever it's called now) owns thousands of stations and dominates the audience share in almost every major market. In some cities, literally every station on the air is owned by Clearchannel. They benefit by synching commercial times so that you can't just change the station to get away from the commercial.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-111054", "score": 0.5892996788024902, "text": "The DVR is probably recording the correct time; the show is running a bit long. Some networks do this on purpose. I don't understand the logic of it, though.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-146550", "score": 0.5890779495239258, "text": "I have also noticed that many times small scenes are cut out of movies (on network channels) to also widen the movie/commercial ratio. It's interesting too because the networks will put a one and a half hour movie into a two hour time slot and still cut scenes out.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-173995", "score": 0.5888490676879883, "text": "It's for the people at the event, not everyone is seeing it on TV. So you need an interpreter for people at the event.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-186", "score": 0.817746102809906, "text": "Many infections grow best at particularly precise temperatures. Your body raises your temperature as a defense mechanism, slowing down the reproduction of the infectious agent and giving your own defenses a chance to 'catch up'. At the same time it enhances the ability of some of your body's defenders to move around more actively in their war." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-191676", "score": 0.7765399813652039, "text": "It doesn't really, but the advice isn't really wrong. A fever is your bodies reaction to an infection. In short, both your body and the 'germs' infecting you operate best at 'body temperature'. By raising your body temperature, your body is harming both its own function and the diseases function, hoping it can 'outlast' the illness; it can accept the punishment if it helps your immune system fight off the sickness faster. 'Sweating out' a fever basically means *don't counteract it*. If you, say, put yourself in a cold bath to bring your body temperature down to normal, you're preventing your fever from doing its job of helping fight the infection. You are likely to prolong the sickness by doing so. The only exception is when the fever gets 'too high' and the fever is likely to start causing serious/permanent damage (usually to the brain).", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-13122", "score": 0.7752577066421509, "text": "Your body is trying to kill the virus by overheating it. Your body is making your brain think you are cold so that you seek warmth to aid in the process of raising your body temperature. This is why when your fever breaks, you begin to sweat really hard - your body is trying to get your temperature back to normal.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-37674", "score": 0.7751078605651855, "text": "A part of your brain called the Hypothalamus controls your body temperature. Normally it keeps that at ~ 98F/37C which is the usual temperature setting for humans. When you have a fever it is because the hypothalamus moves that temperature setting higher. Your body now has to reach the new, higher temperature setting. Your body then tries to fix the problem by shivering and ramping up your metabolism. This produces extra heat and so you have a fever. tl,dr: you're being brainwashed to get a new normal body temperature", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-8232", "score": 0.7749443054199219, "text": "There's a part of your brain that controls your temperature called the hypothalamus. When you get a fever, your immune system makes your hypothalamus change your desired temperature higher. Your body basically wants to get warmer, so it makes you feel cold. When you feel cold, you try to get warmer yourself and you shiver to move your body to create warmth. Your body forces you to feel cold because it wants you to get warm. If you felt hot, you would try and cool yourself down, which is the opposite of what your body is trying to do.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-80455", "score": 0.7743581533432007, "text": "It's because there's a sudden elevation in your body's internal temperature. When you have a fever, one's metabolism and internal body temperatures increase greatly in attempt to kill off the virus you're housing. The reason you feel cold when you're actually quite hot, is because when your brain tells your body to get hotter at much faster rate than normal, the rest of the body has a lag time to reach what's called the body's \"set-point\". You feel cold because technically you are colder than your body's new set-point, due to the fact that your entire body hasn't fully adjusted to this change in temperature. It takes longer for your extremities like your skin, fingers and such to adjust to this new rise in temperature compared to that of your internal organs.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-153326", "score": 0.7737735509872437, "text": "It is not the the bacteria or virus causing the fever, it is the body reacting tot it. And yeah, your body is really fast when it comes tot fighting potential disease.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-274155", "score": 0.7722417712211609, "text": "This is part of the immune response reaction. When trauma occurs to the body (for example, a papercut) or a pathogen is detected in the first layer of immune response cells, it sets off a reaction to recruit more immune cells to the site of infection. The way this recruitment works is by releasing chemical signals known as cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are released when the trauma/infection has recently occurred. The cytokines responsible for the increase in body temperature are known as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a, all of which are pro-infammatory. These signal to the hypothalamus, the region in the brain responsible for autonomic nervous system and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus raises the temperature of our bodies, what we recognize as a fever. This has several benefits: decreasing viral/bacterial replication, increased antigen processing, and increased specific immune response reaction (the specific immune response is the one with \"memory\"- think T-Cells, B-Cells, and antibodies).", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-157905", "score": 0.7721730470657349, "text": "_URL_0_ this article explains it a bit- but basically what I've learned is that our body does get hot to fight an infection, but the body can overreact, which can cause damage So I was told that a thermometer is necessary when you are feeling feverish so you can monitor your temperature and only take medicine (such as the ones you are mentioning) when your fever spikes above a certain temperature (most people agree at 100-101 or higher you should take medicine) Source: Biology Major enrolled in an Immunology Course Edit: lower temperature at which to take meds", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-175147", "score": 0.7715566158294678, "text": "Your body is prioritizing spending its energy on fighting the infection, not complex cognitive thought. Also the biochemical reactions that power your cells function best at normal body temperature. That's why your body is so adept at keeping it there. But viruses and bacteria also function better at normal temp. so it's advantageous for your body to raise its temperature to make it more inhospitable to pathogens, even if it means a temporary decrease in physical and mental stamina.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-138788", "score": 0.7713944315910339, "text": "When you have a fever, your body's metabolism and body processes will increase to relieve whatever the fever is trying to get rid of (infection, cold, dehydration). Fevers are responses by the body to try to correct an infection/condition by sending a message to the rest of your body that something is not right. It's trying to rally the troops (white blood cells and such) to attack the source. With increased metabolism the body may switch from normal aerobic metabolism functioning (using oxygen for cells) to anaerobic metabolism (not using oxygen when not enough is available) because of the increase in metabolism, this causes byproducts of acids (lactic, pyruvic) which can cause muscle cramping. Drinking lots of water and rest is important! And finding good sources of electrolytes will keep your body balanced.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-270132", "score": 0.7712365388870239, "text": "I think it's usually from infections or septicemia, which leads to the fever. Let's say the person gets shot in the stomach. Bacteria from the stomach, or any intestines that have been shot, can get into the body. This leads to septicemia. One of septicemia's symptoms is a high fever. Edit - forgot a letter.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-162758", "score": 0.7711445093154907, "text": "Your body's first line of defense against disease is raising your internal temperature, also known as a fever. Hot water outside your skin aids this process and can mimic it if your body is not able to produce a strong enough fever.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2642048", "score": 0.7704604864120483, "text": "Is it because our body thinks we are sick? If so, why does it do it when we get sick? To keep more pathogens out?", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-180668", "score": 0.7701478600502014, "text": "As I understand it, our bodies react very oddly to the common cold. Basically something about it convinces our immune systems that they need to go into overdrive to fight the infection even though the virus is almost totally benign. So your body basically freaks out and overreacts which causes a lot of side effects that cause aches and temperature swings. Your immune system has a lot of options to help fight infection like causing inflammation (achy) or changing temp to hurt the virus and all of them go haywire.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-319136", "score": 0.7700789570808411, "text": "An increased temperature helps in the production of white blood cells, which fight infection: _URL_0_ Also, many infecting bacteria are very sensitive to temperature, as they have evolved to thrive in the human body which has a fairly constant temperature. Raising the body temperature even a few degrees can help to weaken the infection.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-15979", "score": 0.769566535949707, "text": "Our temperature rises in order to kill whatever is causing the illness. The shivering is to generate more heat in order to keep the process up.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-132656", "score": 0.7695553302764893, "text": "The reason we have fevers is that most things that invade the body and make us sick can only survive in a narrow range of temperatures. When you have a fever, your body is cooking the invaders out. However, if the fever gets too high, you start to cook too, and that's not good for you. It's good to let a fever run its course as much as possible, but you can't let it get too high, which is why we sometimes take medication to suppress it. That might mean it takes longer to fight off the illness, but it mitigates the negative effects to you, and also makes you feel a bit better in the process.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-315382", "score": 0.7676686644554138, "text": "[Interleukin-1](_URL_1_), a protein released by white blood cells, interacts with the hypothalamus (the brain's thermostat) to cause fever. It's thought that elevated temperature is [protective against infection](_URL_0_) by altering the conditions in which pathogens evolved to survive best.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-34716", "score": 0.767340898513794, "text": "Because - in order to slow down viral multiplication - your body increases the thermostat of your body. So what normally feels comfortable suddenly feels cold. Update: That's also why you sweat when you're recovering. The body lowers the thermostat back to normal temperature. Everything feels more hot as when you were sick.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-310454", "score": 0.7669469118118286, "text": "Yes. And it's not only the heat that takes energy. When you have a fever, your overall metabolic rate rises, and your other vital signs elevate also. Your heart rate speeds up, etc. For every 1° C your temperature goes up, your overall metabolic rate increases by 10-15 percent. A high fever of 40° C (104° F) can easily have you burning several hundred extra calories per day.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-187", "score": 0.7272480130195618, "text": "The almond flavour you taste in almond paste, marzipan and so forth comes from an aromatic called benzaldehyde. This is found in *bitter* almonds, which also have a fairly hefty amount of cyanide; the latter is removed during the extraction of the benzaldehyde. The almonds you eat in nut form are *sweet* almonds, which contain a much lower level of benzaldehyde, and, luckily enough, cyanide as well. Benzaldehyde is also present in apricots, cherries, and peaches, which is why they all have similar taste profiles." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2011080", "score": 0.6818128228187561, "text": "I have a vegan soup cookbook that uses soaked almonds (and other nuts) a lot. I'm assuming the soaked almonds are supposed to make the soups creamy but I'm not liking the effect, the time investment and actually buying the almonds lol. I'm not vegan so I'm wondering if there are better options.\n\nIn the recipes the soaked nuts are blended together at the end with the cooked soup or at the beginning in a cold soup recipe. They're never cooked directly.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-308422", "score": 0.6723207235336304, "text": "In some cases there is a very specific molecule that gives a majority of the characteristic to a natural flavor. If that happens to be true and if the molecule happens to be fairly simple then it can be manufactured in huge quantities for low costs using chemical industry. For example, limonene provides a citrus taste, ethylvanillin tastes like vanilla, cinnamaldehyde tastes like cinnamon, etc. Not exactly, because the natural flavors contain a whole family of other molecules that subtly affect the overall taste, but enough for artificial flavorings to seem very similar to the natural examples. Fun fact, artificial banana flavor comes from isoamyl acetate, this is the core flavor compound in ripe Gros Michel cultivar bananas. Of course, modern bananas are of the Cavendish strain, which taste different and don't have as strong an isoamyl acetate smell, which is why artificial banana flavor tastes different to modern bananas.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-303687", "score": 0.6686864495277405, "text": "I'm not a chemist by any means, but it could have something to do with the differences in acidity. Cow's milk contains lactic acid and (depending on the breed of cow producing the milk) has a pH of around 6.5 making it a weak acid. Almond milk isn't actually \"milk\" per se, so it doesn't contain lactic acid and actually has a pH over 7 making it a weak base. Lactic acid (like all acids) is a proton donor and will hydrolyze the bonds of the Oreo's sugars - breaking apart the complex sugar arrangements into smaller sugar groups making them less rigid, and, therefore, softer. Weak bases like almond milk don't interact with sugars as readily, so your cookie will stay stronger longer.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2010304", "score": 0.6671444177627563, "text": "Okay so basically I'm just wondering if I plain old don't like almond butter, or if maybe it's simply an issue of the brand I tried.\n\nI got some from the store recently because I always see you guys raving about it and I'm looking for a snacking sub for peanut butter. I love almonds, but the almond butter I bought tastes just...I dunno, dusty and not great.\n\nIs this just how it is? Am I comparing it too much to peanut butter and being let down?\n\nAlso it's in like a big blob in the jar, it's super weird it all moves together so I find it hard to stir and spread.\n\nI guess I'm just checking to see if all this sounds normal to you guys. If so I guess almond butter isn't my thing, which is super disappointing :(", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-172714", "score": 0.6643440127372742, "text": "So first off they have a different recipe. Even something like salt or sugar per unit will give a different flavor. I personally think their flavor is a little saltier and sweeter than other peanut butter, which goes well with the chocolate. They also have a different production process. I'm no food chemist but I imagine it's probably different given the challenges of putting it inside a chocolate than in a jar. It's also a bit drier, and I'd imagine they use some kind of starch to keep it firm rather than smooth like other brands.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-930967", "score": 0.6626792550086975, "text": "Does the artificial flavouring chemically resemble the flavour it is attempting to simulate or do the artificial flavouring chemicals just illicit the same reactions from my tongue that the real flavouring would? Or am I just completely missing the boat?", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-91113", "score": 0.6592374444007874, "text": "C4 doesn't really smell like almonds. It smells more like tar. Earlier plastic explosives like Nobel's (yes, *that* Nobel)808 did smell like almonds. This was a result of the chemical compounds breaking down into the same molecule that give almonds their smell/taste.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-69729", "score": 0.6578938961029053, "text": "Flavors can be synthesized pretty easily because they come from chemicals and to our tongues it doesn't matter if the chemicals came from the natural source or from a jar -- they taste the same either way. Some are better at matching the original than others because some are simple combinations of chemicals and others are more complex combinations. And I think in some cases the people in the lab create something that tastes good and call it something that tastes *similar*. Like that artificial raspberry flavor that is in so many candies and Slurpees. Eat an actual raspberry and you'll see that the two are not that close, but you may also notice that the artificial 'Blue Raspebrry' taste is stronger, sweeter, and maybe even better than the real thing. A real-tasting raspberry candy would probably not sell nearly as well.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2764243", "score": 0.6574186086654663, "text": "A little back story, a guy at work let me try a concoction of a smoothie he made that consisted of kale, avocado, blueberry, banana, and protein powder. Although it looked unappetizing, it was delicious. Note, he buys all of this organic.\n\nMe, however, I only had blueberries, bananas, and kale. My kale was already shredded. The blueberries were not at peak freshness (probably 3-4 days old) and the banana was 1-2 days past ripe.\n\nNo avocado, no protein powder. Because of this, I wasn't expecting an exact replica of what my coworker made, but something that would still taste pretty damn good. Boy, was I wrong.\n\nFirst, the color. The color of his shake was as green as grass... looked and smelt fresh. Mine, had the look of brown fecal matter and smelt really bad.\n\nSecond, the texture, his shake was very fibrous; you can feel the fiber of the kale leaves, where as with me, I just felt the grittiness of the shredded leaves and the heavy earthy taste associated.\n\nThird, the texture, his shake was not straight liquid but more of a molasses/syrup. After I blended and liquified my shake, I put it in the refrigerator to cool, after ~20 minutes, the thing solidified. I took two bites and couldn't stand the taste/texture combination and had to dispose of the rest.\n\nIf anyone is wondering, I used probably half a container of those small blueberry containers, a whole banana, and two small bowls of kale. To blend, I used the liquify button on my blender.\n\nSo, I ask, where may I have gone wrong? Was it the quality of the ingredients, was it the lack of avocado? Why did my blueberries solidify to a gelatinous solid? Any thing I can do to fix my problem would be much appreciated. Thanks.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2009752", "score": 0.6567232608795166, "text": "Before I stopped eating dairy, one of my favorite treats was chocolate milk. Now, obviously, can't indulge in that anymore. I tried a bunch of soy milks and almond milks, but nothing ever had the same consistency - it was all too thin. \n\nRecently I tried Silk Dark Chocolate almond milk and was shocked at how much it tastes like real chocolate milk. It's creamier than pretty much any almond milk I've ever had, and to me, I like it just as much as choc milk. Not sure if anyone likes it as much as I do, but figured I'd pass along since it's a good brand/flavor.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-161257", "score": 0.6565296053886414, "text": "They do. HOWEVER; they don't taste like the banana *you eat*. When the \"standard\" banana flavour was created the most popular banana was the [Gros Michel banana](_URL_0_). This species of bananas tasted just about like what we call \"banana flavour\" and was the main imported banana around the world well into the 1950's. While artificial tastes won't really hit that flavor perfectly either it is much closer to the Gros michel. . However, this strain nearly went extinct when an infestation of Panama disease early in the 20th century struck. Because all bananas are cloned no Gros Michel bananas had any defense against the illness and the entire population quickly died out. So, now we have a banana flavor but no banana. . After the demise of the Gros Michel we moved on to cultivate and export [Cavendish Bananas](_URL_1_) which are the bananas we eat today. They don't taste as sweet as Gros michel and thus was created the difference between the banana (cavendish) and the banana flavor (Gros Michel)", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-603898", "score": 0.6556267738342285, "text": "My local wholesale stores never have almond flour. They're either sold out, or don't carry it at all. And buying the small bags at the grocery store are bank breaking. I can on the other hand buy large bags of plain, unsalted almonds at a decent price. So I could make my own almond flour: blanch, dry then food processor. Is there any cons to making my own? Anyone tried it? I'm worried the food processor won't make it as fine as the prepackaged stuff, but I won't know till I try it.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2011315", "score": 0.6555783152580261, "text": "Got a chance to get bucket full of either cashew or almond butter and am in a dilemma now.\n\nI never tried either of those butters but i do prefer cashews to almonds.\n\nProblem is that i have no idea how those 2 taste in butter form and will end choosing wrong one.\n\nWhich one would you go for considering it will be used both for cooking and snacking on?", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-91514", "score": 0.6552528738975525, "text": "I'm willing to guess that you've never eaten a *concord* grape, specifically? Because that is the taste that most artificial grape flavor is based on.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-115490", "score": 0.6537009477615356, "text": "The flavor you get from a specific substance (like watermelon) is caused by dozens or even hundreds of compounds working in tandem on your taste buds. There's an entire science behind finding out what compounds create what sensations, and then combining them to simulate other flavors. That's where \"artificial\" flavors come from. They're created by combining compounds intended to create a profile similar to the thing they're supposed to taste like. Sometimes it works, and other times it doesn't, and *sometimes* the artificial is preferred, like that artificial grape flavor that a lot of candies and sodas have.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-175485", "score": 0.6532774567604065, "text": "It isn't, it tastes like... well, water. Different waters have different minerals and things in them which can affect the taste", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1967967", "score": 0.6523640751838684, "text": "Looked through the internet, googled them..meh. Is it normal that they dont taste like much and have the consistency like a piece of cupboard if you dont eat them right away?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-45296", "score": 0.6522650122642517, "text": "Their best way to describe it would be of qualities similar to these things. It usually does not mean it actually tastes like chocolate, etc.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-184489", "score": 0.6501175165176392, "text": "I mean, there really isnt one answer. Each company uses different means and ways to flavor their products. But generally, artificially flavored products (like mac and cheese chips) are a combination of chemicals such as simple acids, salts and Esters that cause the same chemical response from the tastebuds as the natural flavor. Or in some instances, as close to as possible. Others like dill chips, use a combination of dill seasoning and vinegar brines along with salt to create the dill flavor", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-604228", "score": 0.6481356024742126, "text": "I live in an area that doesn't have many nicer cooking stores so I can't find almond meal, and only a blender rather than a food processor so I cannot make it either.\n\n\nWill rice flour be similar enough?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-188", "score": 0.7738532423973083, "text": "Human's primary form of adaptation is the use of technology. So we have adapted to the cold by inventing insulated shelter, controlling fire, and making clothing." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-48805", "score": 0.7326927185058594, "text": "Snow is very reflective and as such less ultraviolet light is absorbed by the ground. Also for half of the year they have very long daylight hours. This means that they are exposed to high levels of said radiation and increased pigment (i.e. darker skin) provides them with protection. This obviously affects Vitamin D production in the winter months but as u/Newredheadit said, its assumed their diet compensates for this. _URL_1_ _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-272551", "score": 0.7314973473548889, "text": "> I'm asking since I get why darker skin colors have an advantage if they live in a very sunny area. It's simply the exact opposite. The advantage of lighter skin comes into play when you live in an environment with drastically less sunlight than Africa. Your body uses sunlight to produce compounds it needs, but it also has to protect itself against the harmful effects of exposure. So it's a balancing act, the more sun available, the more you need protection. But the more protection you have the less your body can use the sun light. So as people moved north in to \"darker\" environments their skin lightened, as they needed less protection, but needed to take better advantage of the available light.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-66635", "score": 0.73127681016922, "text": "Because we didn't evolve to live indoors as much as we do. Also we are from Africa! Haven't had enough time for our bodies to fully adjust to latitudes with lesser amounts of daylight for parts of the year.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-137908", "score": 0.7308896780014038, "text": "I would assume that light is easier to adapt to since you can just search for a room or something and make it dark so that your biological clock doesn't get completely screwed. Also 24hours of darkness all the time would make people quite depressive probably. Another thing is that to survive we need some sunlight so that our body can produce vitamin D.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-146477", "score": 0.7307755947113037, "text": "The human body has (depending on your genetic makeup etc.) mechanisms for increasing production of melanin (the pigment associated with tanning), but simply lacks any mechanism for lightening your skin.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2458", "score": 0.7306592464447021, "text": "If everyone with the unfavorable skin tone for their region died before reproducing, then yes. In the modern world, no. We have technology that exists to shield ourselves from the harmful effects of the sun for lighter skinned people, and we have ways to replace nutrients lost from lack of sunlight exposure for darker skinned people. So, even if you lived in a region your skin isn't suited for, you'd probably still get to reproduce and pass on your genes, so evolution doesn't work in this case.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-35049", "score": 0.7304916977882385, "text": "We evolved in a place that doesn't have cold winters. When proto-humans began hunting by running down their prey on the African savannah, they faced heat dissipation problems way more than freezing-to-death problems.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1992", "score": 0.7303823828697205, "text": "Your skin has something called melanin which gives the skin its dark or light colour. More melanin means darker colour and less means lighter colour. The goal of melanin is to protect from UV radiation. Since there's less UV exposure up north, skin needs to produce less melanin and the people from there are thus lighter skinned.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-34904", "score": 0.7302870154380798, "text": "hormones and salt content in your blood/tissues. The hotter it is, the less salt your blood needs. [details here.](_URL_0_) after a month or two you become adapted to the climate you're in. This is why making fun of people who live in hotter climates reacting poorly to cold weather makes no sense, you'd end up the exact same way after a while, and they'd get used to yours. It also allows us to adjust to seasonal temperature changes. if there's anything humans are good at, since we're not the fastest/strongest/well-sighted/etc, it's adaptability. No other animal comes close in how fast and how well human beings can adapt to any climate, any food, any *thing*. It's pretty awesome.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-318023", "score": 0.7302832007408142, "text": "Recent evidence suggests that Hominins have been using fire for about [1 million years](_URL_0_). However it is true that our ancestors lived for most of their history in places where there are no harsh winters. The first (though not our direct ancestors except through a bit of interbreeding) to tackle really cold weather were probably the Neanderthals, who were shorter and squatter, thus somewhat more cold adapted than modern humans. They also had certainly mastered fire and could make clothing from animal hides. For modern humans, one need look no further than the Inuit and other arctic indigenous peoples for an example of how a stone-aged society can thrive in the harshest environments on Earth. Many of their traditional techniques have been known for tens of thousands of years.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1336126", "score": 0.730100691318512, "text": "I have very fair skin (my dad was a ginger) and in the summer, 20 minutes of sun exposure will burn me on my face, arms, and shoulders. An unprotected hour in the sun will lead to a pretty nasty burn. How come in the winter I can stay outside all day with my face and hands exposed and not get burned at all? Technically in the northern hemisphere we are closer to the sun in the winter.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-50056", "score": 0.7297902703285217, "text": "Darkness in humans ([skin color](_URL_0_), [hair color](_URL_5_)) is tied to [melanin](_URL_4_). All shades of skin and hair color is based on the type and amount of melanin production. Producing melanin was very advantageous early in human development as it protected us from [UV radiation and folate depletion](_URL_1_). As we migrated into lower sunlight environments (away from equator), having lighter skin color started to become more advantageous. It allowed for vitamin D synthesis which is [critical for a variety of reasons](_URL_2_). To decrease the amount of melanin in the skin, one of two genes mutated. One for the [European and one for Asian lineages](_URL_6_). Lighter skin tones are based off inhibiting/lowering melanin production. And then you have soulless gingers like I am. We barely produce melanin, but produce pheomelanin, the substance that colors all the [fun parts of the body](_URL_3_) SFW.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-155589", "score": 0.7283380031585693, "text": "As No_Easy_Buckets said \"Variance in skin color is due to a thing called melanin.\"; but one thing to bare in mind is that humans really kind of naked mammals. Most mammals have fur or hair covering their bodies. If you consider our hair color and imagine humans being covered with hair then you might have the range of coloring that is typical of other mammals. I hope this helps.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-123395", "score": 0.728183388710022, "text": "because your skin tone has nothing to do with retaining heat or not. the more sunlight you are exposed to the darker your skin tone becomes in order to counteract the harmful effects of sunlight. this is why pale people sunburn more easily.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-72237", "score": 0.7271493673324585, "text": "As long as food production & distribution stays the same, then probably not. Humans lost pigmentation as they moved north only to increase vitamin D production (days get very short in Norway!). But if this town's diet was good and they were importing fruits and veggies, natural selection wouldn't be acting on vitamin D deficiency to reduce melanin production.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-107325", "score": 0.7266101837158203, "text": "Yep! Humans evolved from our ancestors (the ones we share with apes) in Africa, and the first humans almost certainly had darker skin, like that of sub-Saharan Africans today. Those early humans migrated... eventually all over the world. And the ones that ended up farther north (like in Europe) evolved paler skin over thousands of years. It was advantageous for them - there's less sunlight farther from the tropics, and paler skin is more efficient at using UV rays from the sun to produce Vitamin D. Darker skin is more useful in tropical climates for this purpose - it's not as good at Vitamin D production, but safer from sun damage and skin cancer. So white people evolved from black people, because the areas that they moved to favored paler skin. The black people who stayed black were in an area where darker skin was favored, and so they didn't end up changing. Each group was well-suited to their environment.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-153693", "score": 0.7264155745506287, "text": "Exposure to the sun causes your skin to increase it's production of melanin. This is what gives your skin, hair, and eyes color. Everyone has a baseline production determined by genetics. This is why black people are darker. The more melanin in your skin the more resistant to burning you are. Which is why people from African descent have more melanin while those from Northern Europe do not. Edit: typo", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-148341", "score": 0.7263888716697693, "text": "Humans evolved to be adaptable machines with superior cooling abilities. We evolved out of fur so that we could sweat, and being able to sweat allowed us to run for very long periods of time and catch up to speed-burst prey. Where required, we donned heavy clothing to survive the cold, while retaining our ability to cool off and run for long periods.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-4465", "score": 0.7263650298118591, "text": "Basically, what you have is natural selection producing different traits: for example, if you live in Northern Europe, and you have dark skin, you may not get enough Vitamin D, and you won't live to produce offspring. Thus, in Northern Europe, having paler skin, and less natural protection from Vitamin D production and the sun's rays meant you were more likely to produce offspring if you were white. (Which is why most of the population of England, is the color of typing paper.)", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-98580", "score": 0.7261443138122559, "text": "The body's reaction to Utraviolet radiation (which the sun outputs) is to create melanin, a pigment that absorbs solar radiation. Melanin is what causes skin to brown, and in fact causes all the shades we see in skin across humanity. Africans, for example, have a far higher quantity of melanin in their skin, causing their skin to be both darker and better at absorbing radiation from the sun. Which virtually prevents sunburn in those populations. A sunburn is the byproduct of damage to your DNA from the sun's radiation, which sets of a chain reaction of symptoms.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-189", "score": 0.8499171137809753, "text": "I used to get that feeling a lot when I first started taking my daily pills. Turns out I wasn't getting the pill \"stuck\" in my throat exactly, but I was not swallowing them with enough water. When someone swallows pills without proper salivation or lubricant the object can \"scrape\" itself on the back of your throat, leaving you with that heavy and sometimes painful feeling that doesn't go away for a while. It may feel like it's lodged in there, which could be possible, but it's most likely just pain from the pills contact. Long story short, always drink water before and with pills." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-320934", "score": 0.8061794638633728, "text": "When this happens, it's typically because the pill is lodged in your esophagus. The way the nerves connect give you the sensation of it being stuck in your throat. If you get this feeling in the absence of swallow, your esophagus is likely irritated for some other reason (reflux maybe). I feel this way a lot when I stuff myself with bread at restaurants. Gotta stop doing that. Drink plenty of water when you get this sensation; stuck pills can erode the lining of your esophagus and that isn't good.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-16026", "score": 0.7739163637161255, "text": "It's usually just the effect of swallowing something dry, as you would feel swallowing anything without much water content within it. Pills are the worse because they are non-permeable (not like say pieces of meat which get hydrated by your saliva) and therefore slide down your throat with less lubrication, even if you are dunking them with water. The sore feeling should only last for a while though, before natural mucus and nervous feeling in the throat revert to their normal conditions.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-162035", "score": 0.7556402087211609, "text": "The pill may have caused some irritation at one point in you esophagus. The irritation causes a bit of swelling, that feels like an obstruction. Or it could be 'stuck' somewhere. Just try to drink water while swallowing the pill or eat some bread/other food after the swallow. This will help to \"unstick\" it", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-2642381", "score": 0.7548912167549133, "text": "I just took an antibiotic and while logically I know I swallowed it, it still feels like its in my throat. What's that about?", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-28405", "score": 0.7401302456855774, "text": "This is the gag reflex, a.k.a. the \"pharyngeal reflex\": it's actually the throat closing to prevent something too large from going down and causing a blockage, but sometimes it may also make you want to vomit. You almost certainly are touching something, though. It might be the back of the tongue or the roof of the mouth, especially in the area near the back of the mouth; but if it doesn't feel as if you're touching anything, then it's probably the uvula. This is the weird thing that hangs down at the back of the mouth. This functions partly to help close off the mouth when you swallow so that food doesn't get into your nose, and partly to detect when you're trying to swallow something that you might choke on.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-320933", "score": 0.7392624020576477, "text": "Because it probably is. In addition to Amojan's comment, a pill or the coating on a pill is very hydrophilic - by design. When you dry-swallow a pill, it'll find water on the lining of your throat and attach itself but won't dislodge until enough fluids are introduced (or the pill dissolves away). Try this: lightly wet your finger and firmly press on a multivitamen or softgel for a second or so. Stick, yea? Now run your finger under a small stream of water and see how long it takes for the pill to fall off. Now realize that with every swallow of water, your throat closes again and may push the pill against the throat wall each time, resealing it.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1053362", "score": 0.7372438907623291, "text": "It doesn’t always happen but drinking water sometimes feels like it dries my throat", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2643691", "score": 0.7357490062713623, "text": "Lately I've been getting this weird feeling in the back of my throat like it's slightly hot and feels like it's closing up in a sense. Like its hard to swallow. It only last for anout 10-15 seconds. But I've had acid reflux before and there isn't any of that acid liquid or whatever in my throat. I read we're more prone to heart burn or acid reflux? Is this something involving that or something else? What can I do about it based on your experiences? Yes I've been consuming 90% of the time water.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-33811", "score": 0.733998715877533, "text": "Food either is soft or becomes soft as your mouth mashes it up and mixes it with saliva. You have been swallowing soft food mush since before you could form memories. It's a sensation your mouth and throat are very used to. Hard pills on the other hand are very different and your subconscious doesn't really trust them so it makes you hyper aware of them as you are swallowing them.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-72361", "score": 0.7329521775245667, "text": "That is known as \"Globus Hystericus\" or, a sensation of a lump in your throat as a response to an anxiety provoking situation. Common emotional response. Not everyone gets it. Note: if you are having constant difficulty swallowing, please see a doctor Edit: correction", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-30579", "score": 0.7314583659172058, "text": "There is a part of your anatomy in your throat through which food passes, and sometimes if the food or pill scratches the surface, it can cause a residual sensation to persist making you think you have something there. This is also why you think that you have a fish bone stuck in your throat. It takes a while for the surface to heal and the sensation to stop, but until then you think you have something there. _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-184741", "score": 0.7313273549079895, "text": "From what I understand, the muscles in your neck kinda force your trachea open to maximize airflow during stressful situations. When you swallow during said stress, your esophagus is actually pushing against your trachea and it feels like a hard lump in your throat.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-73047", "score": 0.7312412858009338, "text": "This is called a \"globus sensation\". > The exact cause of globus sensation is uncertain. Some specialists believe that it is due to a problem with the co-ordination of the muscles involved in swallowing. Many muscles are involved in swallowing and they need to tense and relax in the correct sequence for swallowing to occur normally. In someone with globus sensation, when they try to swallow saliva, some of the swallowing muscles may not relax fully and so the sensation of a lump in the throat occurs. However, when food is swallowed, the food stimulates the muscles in a different way and normal muscle relaxation occurs. _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2642785", "score": 0.7302858233451843, "text": "This is odd, but I don't know if it's that big of a deal. When I swallow, the muscles in my upper back seem to have a contraction. It's pretty strong but not painful in any way. Never noticed this before. I have a bit of allergies but otherwise am not sick. \n\nIs this particularly odd?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-12922", "score": 0.7265837788581848, "text": "That's known as [Globus Pharyngis](_URL_0_). **TL/DR**: > The \"lump in the throat\" sensation that characterizes globus pharyngis is often caused by inflammation of one or more parts of the throat, such as the larynx or hypopharynx, due to Cricopharyngeal Spasm, gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), Laryngopharyngeal reflux or esophageal dysmotility. > In some cases the cause is unknown and symptoms may be attributed to a **psychogenic** cause i.e. a **somatoform** or **anxiety disorder**. It has been recognised as a **symptom of depression**, which responds to anti-depressive treatment. Edit: **ELI5**: When you get all anxious about something, some of the food you ate kinda backs, like if you're going to trow up. The feeling goes away after lunch/dinner and a good night of sleep.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2643460", "score": 0.7254924178123474, "text": "It happens to me sometimes. Always feels like it was just too much for my throat and it sends a shooting pain, sometimes worse than others, ranging from mild discomfort to having to sit down because my whole body hurts. Does this happen to anyone else? I really hope I'm not the only one.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-873334", "score": 0.7248482704162598, "text": "i took my pill earlier tonight (about six hours ago) and felt like it went down the wrong pipe even though i drank it with water. I tried to ignore the feeling and was able to fall asleep for a couple hours but now I've woken up and I googled what happens if a pill is stuck in your esophagus and it's giving me so much anxiety. Should i be worried and go to the ER tomorrow?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-97876", "score": 0.7224851250648499, "text": "I am not sure what you mean by saying \"swallow food 10x the size of a pill\". You are supposed to chew your food before swallowing, which mixes it with saliva and turns it into a pulp that's not too solid for your throat. Pills are meant to be swallowed as whole, without chewing. Compare it to eating peanuts in one piece: they will also feel as foreign objects which are also hard to swallow.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1664775", "score": 0.7211030721664429, "text": "Age: 20\n\nSex: Male\n\nHeight: 6 Feet\n\nWeight: 170 lbs\n\nRace: Asian\n\nDuration of complaint: over 7 days\n\nAny existing relevant medical issues: None\n\nCurrent medications: Took Tylenol Sinus pills \n\n\nHey guys! I recently felt this awkward feeling in my throat when I drank water exactly 7 days ago. During that time, the right side of my throat would hurt (close to the Adam’s apple). I don’t have a sickness or anything and I don’t feel any bumps externally. Now it started getting better and I don't feel that tiny pain anymore however, I feel this tension or feeling of something stuck in my throat behind my tonsils (back of the throat). This is very strange to me as this is something very new! Should I be concerned or is it just some common bacterial problem?\n\n​\n\nIt would be awesome if you can help me out because this is kinda stressing me out", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-53420", "score": 0.7195481061935425, "text": "Food in your stomach slows down the medicine's absorption into the blood. Thus, that feeling you get is from the medicine entering your blood too quickly and being too potent.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-190", "score": 0.79869145154953, "text": "Reddit isn't publicly traded (there hasn't been an IPO yet), so speculation can't inflate the value of the company like Twitter or Tesla. A company is basically worth how much people are willing to pay for shares of it, but you can't buy shares in Reddit yet. It's also not profitable, yet, which doesn't help." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-113329", "score": 0.7413058876991272, "text": "Reddit is owned by a group of investors who put in millions of dollars and want to get their money back (and preferably with a profit). The board and CEO are assigned to look out for the investors' interests. It is possible to make a good website without relying on outside investors, but it's very rare, because scaling up usually means you need a huge pile of cash very quickly.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-79744", "score": 0.7337702512741089, "text": "Reddit doesn't really make that much money. It's successful in terms of the size of the userbase, but Conde Nast isn't raking in the cash from it. As such, there's just not as much money being spent on servers as you might think.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-852789", "score": 0.7310265898704529, "text": "Increasing the value of reddit and producing a return for investors is what /u/spez was hired to do. There's mouths to feed and investors that rightly expect a return on their capital. \n\nThe unrelenting invasion from 4chan however is absolutely detrimental to the financial worth of this site. 4chan was barely worth $45,000 just a few years ago despite having many millions of unique visitors. Investors and major advertisers don't go near it for good reason.\n\nAllowing 4chan to swamp every facet of this site is only further pushing it away from the mainstream. It's further alienating everyday people who might join this site. Growth in user numbers means very little when it's mostly trolls making throwaway accounts.\n\nReddits investors should be alarmed by the huge shift in culture in the past year or so. We all know reddit always leaned a certain way, but the recent shift has been dramatic and unprecedented in the sites 10 year history.\n\n/u/spez is spectacularly failing his job as CEO for doing absolutely nothing to stem this tide. if I was Marc Andreessen or Peter Thiel I would be asking some serious fucking questions.\n\n[/rant that's not really Circlebroke material but don't really have anywhere else to post it to.]\n\n**Edit-**\n\nFor those arguing it's not possible to ban a subreddit because a new one will pop up, this is not true. During the FPH banning, the newly created and thinly disguised equivalents were banned within hours. There may be some pure FPH equivalent subs that still exist, but they have very little views. The same goes with Jailbait, CandidFashionPolice etc. \n\nAs for the_donald aka /pol/, no it can't be banned in this stage of the election cycle, despite all the coontown memes. This is because of the media attention that would receive, not because of the relatively small subscription base that has learned to game the system to constantly be on the front page. The admins however have full control of the site. They should be able to ban certain types of content without banning the sub. It's up to them to create these content policies which otherwise don't exist in adequate form.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-35397", "score": 0.7249714732170105, "text": "Because they have the server infrastructure to handle its users. However, a smaller website that only sees a few thousand visitors a month isn't going to invest in a larg server capacity because they don't need it. So, when Reddit links to a smaller site and it receives thousands of viewers all at once it is going to crash because there aren't equipped to handle that level of traffic.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1452312", "score": 0.723642885684967, "text": "Supposedly this twitter handle was bought for 1 million. \nLink: \nI know it's a short name but what else determines the value of digital real estate?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-23746", "score": 0.7207730412483215, "text": "Software developer here, That is because there's very little value in the software. The value is in the service, the intellectual property (Reddit's name), and the community fostered around it. Sure, you can take their source code, buy a domain, and fire up your very own clone, but who cares? No one. You don't have a community, you don't have partnerships, you don't have any means of generating revenue, you have nothing to distinguish yourself from one of the biggest internet communities, and you may suffer some negative backlash for being nothing more than a clone of Reddit using their software. There's little risk in opening their software, the website isn't where they're vulnerable, they're going to protect themselves by hardening their database, which likely isn't the open source part of their code, being considered an implementation detail and something they can fill with proprietary code.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1446551", "score": 0.7183650135993958, "text": "I get the why in theory, but... why? People say it's to \"support Reddit\" but Reddit is one of the more popular sites in the world with millions of unique traffic hits a week. That doesn't pay for the servers?\n\nI mean, if I were a corporate executive whose company owned a site like Reddit and I managed to convince people to give me extra money, I'd expect both a huge promotion and a share of the increased profits.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-100885", "score": 0.7175252437591553, "text": "Yep. Advertisements are the main source of income for most sites, reddit included. Gold and other stuff don't really generate a lot of income.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2593222", "score": 0.7149985432624817, "text": "If fees can be offset to popular sites by ISPs and Reddit's bottom line is, well, not exactly profitable, how would this affect the site. \n\nI know that the bulk of what's linked is actually hosted elsewhere, but Reddit's still a rather popular site. \n\nOn a second related question, could state run ISPs censor sites like Reddit based on \"net neutrality\" principles?", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-92456", "score": 0.7117778658866882, "text": "Reddit is a wholly owned by Conde Nast. Its only costs are about 30 employees and its Amazon EC2 bill. I'm sure that's a few hundred thousand + a month in costs and a little bit in revenue from ads / gold / etc, but that isn't really all that much to Conde. Once a site's user base is sufficiently large and a defacto, it's easy to monetize. Facebook operated for the better part of a decade in the red before becoming profitable. Or they're hoping to get bought by a Yahoo / Google / Facebook / whomever for big dollars before that happens (just like Tumblr, Youtube, etc).", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2417299", "score": 0.706635594367981, "text": "I’ve know about Reddit for years, frequented the site many times via random links sent my way, but I have officially had an account for a year. With all that said I honestly have no idea what all the buzz about each thing is why everyone creates a bunch of click bait for it. From my understanding it’s all meaningless and can be bought anyway so does it matter if you have a lot? I’m just confused.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-77927", "score": 0.7045508623123169, "text": "Reddit doesn't have ads, so it's primary source of funding is via reddit gold. You are basically donating to the site, and in return, you get some perks or can give others perks.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-27201", "score": 0.7021865844726562, "text": "My understanding is that it's not popularity, it's trend. Things move up when people upvote on it *right now*, but the push of the upvote fades over time. So unless people keep upvoting every day, it'll sink down.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1691638", "score": 0.7017143964767456, "text": "Do you think there will ever be an IPO for Reddit? Has it ever even been discussed? If not, why?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2361100", "score": 0.6998865008354187, "text": "A tangent in this thread]( got me to thinking about the value of [a comment made by jedberg]( more than 10 months ago. The comment was made in response to a post that complained about a [worldnews submission receiving 5,000 down votes. Jedberg's response was:\n\n&gt; As of this moment, that story has the following actual totals:\n\n&gt; &gt; 2666 up 140 down\n\n&gt; The numbers you see are fuzzed for anti-spam reasons. The more active a post is, the more out of whack that fuzzing becomes.\n\nAs far as I know, that's the last set of unfuzzed numbers publicly available to redditors. It's an artifact, more reliable as evidence than a lot of the data that's been marshaled in theories about Reddit. (Incidentally, if anyone knows of any other recent sets of unfuzzed numbers, it would be useful to collect them here.)\n\nWhat's their value? Well, for one thing, they're an indication of how much voting has changed on Reddit over time. That story hit the front page with a 95% approval rating. After *14 hours*, it had a total of 2,806 *actual* votes. This was, remember, less than a year ago, well after the Great Digg Migration. In another couple of months, the admins would report that the site had crossed the billion monthly pageviews mark.\n\nIt's possible that I'm looking at this wrong, so correct me if I've missed something, but it seems to me that the conclusion pointed to when you correlate these facts is that the popularity of a link that was likely seen by millions of people over a span of half a day, was determined by less than 3,000 votes.\n\nThat's for starters. Let's compare that link (which, remember, had a 95% actual approval rating 14 hours in) to some earlier submissions. This for the last submission we have reliable, unfuzzed numbers on. The difference in their submission time, by the way, is about 4 months.\n\nAs luck would have it, that post]( just happens to be about Reddit's traffic stats vs. Digg's stats for July of 2010, and reports that the site was cresting 300 million monthly page view at the time. And if you look at the all time top scoring submissions [right now]( you'll see a few from the last 6 months or so mixed in with the top 50, but far more are from 1 or 2 years ago. There's even a [three year old submission]( with more than twice as many total points as total votes in our most recent unfuzzed stats (and not quite twice as many total points as that example's [final total score.\n\nThere are, of course, too few data points, and too much ambiguity about those data points to be sure, but these broad points seem to me to suggest that voting practices have *not* kept pace with the large increase in the number of page views Reddit has seen over the past 2 years. Or, put another way, more than three times as many people are visiting the site now as at this time last year, but there doesn't seem to be a comparable increase in the number of votes. If anything, we, as redditors, seem to be voting less now than we were a year or two ago.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-853131", "score": 0.6995950937271118, "text": "Why doesn't Reddit just buy RES or upgrade their site to just work like this (depending on legalities)? We unanimously agree RES is superior, right? Why not give everyone the benefit?", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-139974", "score": 0.697209894657135, "text": "Because Reddit has a long-standing disasterous record in management and hiring, bringing in buddies like Yishan Wong who have absolutely *zero* qualifications in running a major web property. When you compare reddit's results with reddit's potential it's one of the most squandered web assets in the world, simply as a result of the individual incompetence of the people making the decisions.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-54779", "score": 0.6960049867630005, "text": "TONS and TONS of traffic. Reddit is also highly interactive - each upvote, downvote, post, comment, ANYTHING - requires a request to the server and a transaction to be committed in their database. So, in some ways Reddit has a lot more interactivity than a website like _URL_0_ where you can browse in a \"static\" sense. On top of that they use Python which tends to be a little slower than other web languages like Java or C#. Although, this could just be my personal bias.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1107420", "score": 0.6957331895828247, "text": "Reddit used to be owned by Condé Nast, but in 2011 it was moved out from under Condé Nast to Advance Publications, which is Condé Nast's parent company. \n\nBecause of negative PR associated with being run by Conde Nast, in 2012, Reddit was spun out into a re-incorporated independent shell corporation with its own board and control of its own finances, hiring a new CEO and bringing back co-founder Alexis Ohanian to serve on the board. \n\nReddit has 3 sets of shareholders: The largest shareholder just happens to be Advance Publications. \n\nIts totally still indie as fuck, generating free content is okay, its not like you are generating revenue for your political enemies, or fighting in a class war as a soldier for the rich against yourself.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-83221", "score": 0.6956519484519958, "text": "Money. Reddit has less of it and consequently can't afford as many servers. When there is a spike in traffic Reddit goes down.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-191", "score": 0.6442381143569946, "text": "There's a bit of a misconception about the wage gap. For jobs in the exact same role with the exact same responsibilities, the wages are about the same. However, men tend to be more likely to be promoted to higher-paying positions. Women are also more likely than men to take extended time off or work part time while raising a family, meaning their careers are held back during that time." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-151786", "score": 0.6118372082710266, "text": "I am not sure what time periods you are comparing. Prior to the 1960's, it was very rare for a woman to have a professional job. It was mostly motherhood, and maybe nursing or teaching. So the teaching profession had a lot of extremely smart and well educated women. Those kinds of women, by and large, today are now doing professional jobs like being doctors, lawyers, accountants, economists, engineers, professors, etc. They have been basically replaced by people who probably wouldn't have even gone to college in the 1940's and 1950's when there were a lot less colleges and they were very expensive (no student loans back then).", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1399744", "score": 0.6118183732032776, "text": "Wouldn't employers only hire women? They would pay 20%-30% less (Because there's no exact number...) less than if they hired men, so why would they hire men?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-247139", "score": 0.6116437911987305, "text": "I believe the first \"spike\" was due to (a) the great leap forward in the early 1960s which killed a lot of people, and (b) decreased birth rates starting around 1970 due to a two-child policy and then one-child policy. Basically, starting in the mid 1960s, birth rates dropped. Consider also decreases in mortality, especially [infant mortality](_URL_0_), in the 1960s and 1970s, which tends to shift the spike later. The second is an \"echo\" of the first spike. There were more young adults entering breeding age around 1990 compared to 1980 or 2000, due to the earlier spike.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-671211", "score": 0.6115211844444275, "text": "Men have no real inherent value anymore, not in the way women do. This is due to the government being able to easily bail out women, protect said women \nand the fact that women can work that much easier for a wage to survive without a man. \n\nI have an example that applies to both sexes in an extent. \n\nThe only things a man can get ONLY from a woman and from no one else than from a woman are their bodies and children. \nSure, women can offer a lot more, but a woman that does not bring their body and fertility to the table is not competing against women, it is competing against literally every other person/source of entertainment on earth. \n\nNow things aren't that bleek for women as in that example. Maybe for really old women think 35-40+. (I know that there will be some women who are going to try and contest it, but save it for your husband/boyfriend. He will probably find you attractive the rest won't care.) But things do seem sort of bad when I phrase it this way right?\n\nNow turn that around for men. All they offered at first was protection, but now the government does it better (think police, military, national guard). Women can work for their money now. Even the sperm of men is cheap. Men can't really inseminate themselves like women can. Women can just get the sperm of chad for free and have superior babies. Men go less to college and are thus generally less educated as well. (I am sure that some of the other men will insist that they are 7/8+, but they are just coping. Just like the women they can save it for their frumpy wives/gfs). \n\nIf you swallow this blackpill I don't know how everyone can't but agree with me. CMV.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-130011", "score": 0.611383318901062, "text": "Nothing in the Civil Rights Act says you can't discriminate against people in places of public accommodation on the basis of sex or gender. The only limitations on discriminating as a place of public accommodation in the act are discrimination based on race, color, religion, and national origin. There are prohibitions against discrimination on the basis of sex and gender in employment, housing, and education, but those don't apply to ticket sales for clubs. Some states and cities have laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of gender and sex in places of public accommodation, but I assume Nevada and Las Vegas don't have any such laws/ordinances.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-138347", "score": 0.6113360524177551, "text": "It's been raised 3 times in my life... and nothing bad happened.Cities didn't come to a halt, the world did not end. I had more money in my pocket after taxes... for the 2nd & 3rd increases, I didn't see a change because I was earning way more than the minimum. I like how people still subscribe to the idea that if the wage is increased, horrible things are going to happen. Bet these people are the same who think that Reaganomics is still a solid economic plan.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-309009", "score": 0.6112974286079407, "text": "That data is not reliable for sex at birth. I'm not sure why. You should redo your plot as the ratio of boys/girls, that's how it is usually presented. Sometimes (boys/girls)*100 or (boys/girls)*1000. Check this paper: _URL_0_ for data since 1940. This paper has data before 1940, see Figure 4 for US data. _URL_1_ EDIT: **The Social Security people [have a similar graph to yours](_URL_2_). They state on that page some limitations to the data. The biggest is that before 1986, when the IRS required a SS# for tax deductions, many people didn't register for social security until they got their first job. Now, people get a social security card at birth.**", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-179171", "score": 0.6111845970153809, "text": "Technology (along with labor movements like unionization) has resulted in fewer hours worked on average. It's been rather gradual, but a hundred years ago a 60-hour work week wouldn't have been uncommon. Wage stagnation is a separate issue, but even with that the average person's probably doing at least as well as their early-20th-century counterpart.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1399615", "score": 0.6111603379249573, "text": "The data a feminist study claim proves a wage gap exists in the media business proves the exact opposite. \n\nThe study's press release claims that the after-tax salary of women in media is 26 percent lower than that of men of equivalent rank and experience.\n\nDemographic information buried on page 126 of the study, found that the female journalists sampled are, on average, six years younger than their male colleagues, and have 5.3 less years of work experience. They are also more likely to work part time and less likely to be in management. \n\n", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-403050", "score": 0.6110230088233948, "text": "&amp;#x200B;\n\n\n\nhow is it so? it literally states in 10-14 that it \\\\\"leads to a greater sum of mutual happiness for the two sexes\\\\\" and \\\\\"strenuous habits\\\\\" and \\\\\"onerous duties\\\\\" should refer to working?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-82702", "score": 0.610996425151825, "text": "[Yes, the worker's share of a growing economy has been shrinking.](_URL_0_) I have not really heard much theorizing that this is due to women in the work force. But, from an Econ 101 perspective, if we have a roughly 100% increase in the number of people being employed with only a small increase in economic activity, then it would make since that the companies who are hiring can then offer to pay less and less for a worker's time. Why? Because the supply of labor has increased and demand has stayed relatively flat. So have the wealth holders tricked us into doing twice the work for the same cut of wealth because of women's entrance into the labor market? Maybe. I would be interest to hear from some actual economists. Interesting idea. I would point out that third world labor markets have also devalued American labor. And a host of other factors that are not exactly coming to mind at the moment.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-88689", "score": 0.6109614968299866, "text": "An individual has to pass two tests to be considered exempt. 1. They have to perform certain types of duties at work 2. They had to be paid a minimum of $23,600 per year If they met both tests they were \"exempt\" from the fair labor standards act, which means they did not have to be paid overtime. They could be paid a set amount of money and work however many hours were needed. The salary minimum is being raised to $47,476. That means if someone was exempt, but makes less than the new salary, they either a). Need to have their salary increased to at least $47,476 OR b) they now have to be paid overtime (time and a half) for any time worked over 40 hours per week. Edit: fixed autocorrect.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-671057", "score": 0.6106101274490356, "text": "Obviously this is a throwaway, my employer would be far from happy to see me talking about this. I am not a researcher and can't offer and statistics, just what I see in my day to day job.\n\nToday I finished interviewing my third new hire this month, two of which are women. They both are getting paid substantially less than the man I hired earlier this month, and to be honest I am getting tired of that. I don't set the wages, I just handle negotiations (HR has to approve every offer I make).\n\nOur process, despite the pay gap, is identical for men and women. We start with phone interviews, and move into a personal and technical interview. Once a candidate passes both of those, we start salary negotiations. This is where the women seem to come in last.\n\nThe reason they don't keep up, from where I sit, is simple. Often, a woman will enter the salary negotiation phase and I'll tell them a number will be sent to them in a couple days. Usually we start around $45k for an entry level position. 50% to 60% of the women I interview simply take this offer. It's insane, I already know I can get authorization for more if you simply refuse. Inversely, almost 90% of the men I interview immediately ask for more upon getting the offer.\n\nThe next major mistake happens with how they ask for more. In general, the women I have negotiated with will say 45k is not enough and they need more, but not give a number. I will then usually give a nominal bump to 48k or 50k. Company policy wont let me bump more than 5k over the initial offer unless they specifically request more. On the other hand, men more frequently will come back with a number along the lines of 65k to 75k, and I will be forced to negotiate down from there. After this phase, almost all women will take the offer or move on to somewhere else, not knowing they could have gotten more if they asked.\n\nAt the end, most of the women I hire make between 45k and 50k, whereas the men make between 60k and 70k. Even more crazy, they ask for raises far less often, so the disparity only grows.\n\nI don't know if this is at all helpful, I feel most of it is common sense, but I see it all the time. How can I help?\n\n**TL;DR :**\n\n* Don't be afraid to ask for more, it's not insulting or in any way going to affect your ability to be hired (we can always say no)\n* When you ask for more, give a number! If you let me pick, I will continue to lowball it.\n* Ask for raises, confident people get them more often than high performers in a heavy bureaucracy.\n\nOn a small sidenote, the one person who got the most out of us was a highly aggressive, very smart, very confident woman. She nearly doubled the initial offer, which due to how she marketed herself was already pretty high.\n\nedit - spelling error\n\nedit 2 - going home, will respond to stuff when I have eaten dinner :)\n\nedit 3 - g'night all! It was fun, happy hunting, and please, next time we meet, negotiate with me!", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-161214", "score": 0.6105006337165833, "text": "Because there is a sexual double standard in our society based around the idea that men are always seeking sex and women are always withholding it, and men are judged negatively for not getting sex, and women are judged negatively for *getting* sex. That's why.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-351548", "score": 0.6101971864700317, "text": "On Reddit it seems that all the women split the bill or pay for dates. In the South, I've been on dozens of dates and it's rare for women to even offer to split the check or say \"Thank You\" when I pay.\n\nEven in relationships, I end up paying for 85+% of the costs and most of my male friends say the same. The girls insists they are paying half but receipts don't lie. \nI've got plenty of money, it's the principle. \nWhere are these women that want equality and that are good at math?\n\nI appreciate the answers and please share the region you reside.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-200568", "score": 0.6098163723945618, "text": "Those are certainly aspects of the situation. Yes, communism advocated equality between men and women and the USSR had much more generous \"benefits\" for women with children than historically we have had in the US. However it's also important to note that during WWII the USSR had a far more drastic version of the homefront situation in the US where women were forced to take traditionally male jobs because men were off fighting. WWII killed around 21% of the men of the Soviet Union (36% of the 20-34 year olds) compared to 6% of the women (source: [Wikipedia](_URL_0_)), so it was inevitable that during and after the war, there would be an increase of women in traditionally male professions.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1340964", "score": 0.609768271446228, "text": "A question about equality vs. equity.\n\nInspired by a meme: \n\nI can't find a problem with the logic, so I'm throwing it to you wolves.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-126859", "score": 0.6095656156539917, "text": "Don't get too comfortable, culture might swing back the other way! It certainly *appears* to be a long-term trend, though I would point out that there is a lot of misleading information in there. While we may THINK that the 1950s were a super conservative and nobody had sex before marriage, the actual evidence suggests that the numbers are if anything *down* from then. Each generation likes to think that it invented sex, but the truth is that humans have been going to pound town forever. Some factors you could look too are the spread of the internet (free information means more opportunity for exposure) and improvements in medical and family planning technology (sex without consequences makes sex more acceptable).", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-140556", "score": 0.6092057228088379, "text": "computers, televisions and other technology are crazy cheap in comparison to a few decades ago. a walkman for cassettes was $200-$300 new, now you can get an 8gb ipod for $100 it all depends on where you live. in america the average wage has remained the same since the 60's but cost of living has tripled. if you are thinking the 1900's then things like candles, glass, clothing and other mass produced items are now cheaper than 100 years ago", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-161921", "score": 0.6090949773788452, "text": "First, yes, if nothing changes then you would have to get paid for the overtime that you work. On the other hand, you work for people who have you work 50+ hours for $28k salary. That's all I need to see. Yes, they are going to fuck you. You're bent over with a dick in your ass right now, the only thing that's going to change about that is the position that they're fucking you in.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-192", "score": 0.8184239268302917, "text": "Industrial electric motors are meant to be run nearly 24/7 at higher loads and don't have to be portable, so size isn't usually a factor as much as keeping them cool, so they're built to shed excess heat better, and more surface are = more heat that can be transferred away. on the other hand for cars, weight and size are bigger factors, and the motors in them will never be run full power all the time, so more effort is put into them to keep them smaller. Heat dissipation isn't as much of a problem either in a car as you can use the cars air flow to help keep things cool, whereas industrial motors don't usually sit in well ventilated areas." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-93533", "score": 0.7499092221260071, "text": "Electric motors work very differently from 'traditional' petrol engines: their output torque only depends on how much current you feed them, not on RPM or other mechanical quirks. This is a huge advantage when starting from a stop because you don't have to wait for the engine to rev up or switch gears. Plus, it's a lot easier to create a electric motor with a lot of torque than an internal combustion engine (since the main thing you have to worry about is how much current you can pass through it)", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-154266", "score": 0.7433331608772278, "text": "For reasons that I don’t fully understand, electric motors provide ridiculous amounts of torque at low speeds compared to gasoline engines. Which means that they can accelerate from a start much quicker, meaning that in short races like the above, electric-powered cars have a huge advantage over gas powered. If they raced a lap around the track, the Lambo would kick the Tesla’s ass", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-146436", "score": 0.7393296360969543, "text": "An electric motor works by having magnets and electromagnets arranged around the axle, which attract and repel each other in succession to spin the motor. To get high torque you need to have very strong magnets and/or very strong electromagnets. Increasing the strength of the magnets and/or electromagnets by 20 times you will have a motor which is 20 times as big and heavy. On the other hand, electric motors can naturally spin at very high rates. A reduction gear which increases torque by 20 times (and reduces RPM) will be smaller and lighter than the motor you attach it to, making this a far better solution to get high torque at low RPM than building a bigger motor would be.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-189951", "score": 0.73832768201828, "text": "An electric motor is limited by the amount of current the power supply (which is a combination of the batteries and the associated control circuitry) can deliver. Why you're seeing Tesla cars beating muscle cars and drag-strip type cars has to do with the fact that an electric motor delivers maximum torque when it is dead-stalled, whereas a gasoline motor doesn't hit the peak of it's torque until well into middle RPM range. This is what allows you to stomp on the pedal in a Tesla and go from zero to 60 in a heartbeat while the guy in the gasser is still waiting for his engine to hit the sweet spot in its torque curve.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-147803", "score": 0.7378484010696411, "text": "Most hairdryers use brushed DC motors. The Teslas use 3 phase AC induction motors. And size matters, too.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-316224", "score": 0.7366793155670166, "text": "Most hybrids use a very small electric motor. The electric motors in the Prius add about 35hp-- so even though they may make all the torque they can make at low RPM, they don't make a lot of torque. They're just not very big. No reason you can't make a neckbreakingly-fast hybrid or electric car-- but most of the common ones are using small motors for maximal efficiency, rather than chasing high-end performance.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-245159", "score": 0.7310399413108826, "text": "If I remember right, AC motors are usually smaller. Most DC electronics have to do with circuit boards, and AC would not work with them. But any appliance that has a pump or motor needs AC unless the ENTIRE industry were to change over.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-67453", "score": 0.7283031940460205, "text": "Electric motors are much more efficient than internal combustion engines. Internal combustion engines have a maximum theoretical efficiency of 60% (although in practice I think we typically only get around 30% these days?). Electric motors today, though, are upwards of 90% efficient. But there are a lot of factors not being accounted for, like the efficiency of the fuel storage mechanism and other stuff.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-123969", "score": 0.7277827858924866, "text": "Because every step in energy conversion to movement loses some of that energy, and the extra weight of the extra motors would take up room and cost a lot more. A locomotive doesn't have to worry so much about weight because it stops and starts fairly infrequently. A car, on the other hand, loses a lot of its energy every time it brakes, which is very frequent in city driving. A current gasoline-powered car works like this: Gas burns, pushing a piston -- > crankshaft turns -- > wheels turn. If you use electric motors for each wheel it now looks like this: Gas burns, pushing a piston -- > piston (or crankshaft) moves a generator, generating electricty -- > electricity powers wheel motors -- > wheels turn. The extra step loses a lot of efficiency, and there are a lot more parts to buy and that can break.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-133692", "score": 0.727728009223938, "text": "The thing with electric motors is that they have 100% torque, all the time. They are also capable of spinning very fast. You also don't need much power to get you up to speed. With these 3 things in mind, we can actually go pretty fast. An average fit human can provide 100W of power. 100W can get something like a bicycle and rider up a hill at a decent speed. A 100W motor is about an inch long, and half an inch wide. We can easily fit 2000W into the palm of your hand with today's technology. That will get you close to about 50-55mph on flat ground. ELI5 - The little motors are equal to about 20 people. Isn't technology wonderful?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2603667", "score": 0.7264958620071411, "text": "So in electric cars, when you need more power you just add another motor. The Rimac has 4 motors for example. \n\nWhy not do the same for gas cars and push the power envelope? Instead of making expensive 1000hp engines, why not put 2 LS9s for example, and make Chiron level power? Sounds like a good idea doesnt it?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-253326", "score": 0.7264819145202637, "text": "Think of an electric motor as a power converter. If you want more mechanical power output, then it needs more electrical power to the input. You can't get something for nothing. It's sort of like how you have to push down more on the gas pedal in your car when you're going up a hill compared to going on level ground. The car has to work harder to go up hill and that power has to come from somewhere.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-152646", "score": 0.725726842880249, "text": "Gas engines have a much narrower effective range of speeds. They need the gearing advantage to get the car moving from a stop, and they need overdrive gears to cruise comfortably. Electric motors are capable of making enough torque from start without gearing, and can cruise comfortably without an overdrive gear.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-70629", "score": 0.7253258228302002, "text": "push two magnets together a certain way and feel that repelling force when the same poles are put near each other. It's that force that drives little electric motors. Through some more complex electrical and mechanical processes, we can create a constant spin with changing magnetic fields moving through the coils, and some mechanical tricks to increase the torque that can be outputted. On small toys it's not much torque needed. On a car starter, it needs quite a bit, which is why it takes a lot of amperage from the battery to successfully start (especially in cold weather). You can be tricked by testing a battery with a voltmeter and seeing 12.5V or so, appearing to be good. Voltage does nothing for you without the amperage to back it up.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-320530", "score": 0.7235773801803589, "text": "Usually it's the opposite, as the smaller engine handles the everyday minimal power needs. The higher powered engine is usually less fuel efficient. It's easy to compare these, empirically at any of the online car shopping bots.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-320753", "score": 0.7229247689247131, "text": "Yes. By a very large margin. A heat engine like a gas engine converts between 20-30% of its thermal energy into kinetic motion at the crankshaft. An electrical motor can convert over 90% of the energy within a battery into kinetic motion given the right motor sizing. So if we have 1000KJ within a battery vs 1000KJ within a gas tank the Electric motor will allow the car use much more of that energy, and waste much less heat than a gas engine.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-184982", "score": 0.7222765684127808, "text": "Electric cars use an electric motor (or multiple motors in most cases) The electric motor is powered via electricity by energizing elector magnets that basically push and pull causing the motor to turn. Attach a wheel, and you've got something to strap into a car. Your battery in your gas car doesn't provide nearly enough energy to propel your car any respectable distance.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-314462", "score": 0.7213005423545837, "text": "In a word, torque. An internal combustion engine only generates usable torque between a relatively narrow band of rotational speeds and so needs gears in order to keep the engine inside that band to deliver torque to the wheels. An electric motor generates maximum torque from virtually zero RPM, tailing off as RPM increases.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-28902", "score": 0.7209147214889526, "text": "Electric cars have significantly fewer moving parts, the most significant being the motors. These don't wear so easily like combustion and combustion byproducts would hurt gas cars. They don't have transmissions, gears, or engines that are all prone as points of failure.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-405803", "score": 0.7194210886955261, "text": "Is there a majorly different focus when they are designed and made? \n\nI can't understand why 1litre cars seem to produce around 70bhp, while a motorcycle engine the same size can produce nearly 200bhp. \n\nSurely it must be possible to get at least bit more power into smaller cars?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-193", "score": 0.7494474649429321, "text": "people use their eyes to communicate their level of comfort/aggression/submission with one another. shades will remove this information and allow others to fill in the blanks. for example, you might be avoiding eye contact, but because of your sunglasses this does not register with people and you seem undeservingly \"cool\"" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-3111", "score": 0.7103455066680908, "text": "Since not had any responses, a few reasons I would rationalise it down to: * Positive association - it's used in a lot of films/movies/books as a way of signalling that someone is cool. As a result it's now associated with coolness * Psychologically it might add a bit of 'mystery' to the person - you don't know where they are looking, you can't 'read' them as easily (a huge amount of our emotions are shown through our eyes) * At a basic level it can just hide tired/saggy eyes, thus lifting the face and making it look better", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-53499", "score": 0.7083685994148254, "text": "The medical purpose off sunglasses is to protect your eyes from UV radiation. The secondary purpose is to give your eyes rest from bright light. While traditional sunglasses have dark glasses, this is not necessary to block UV light. The purpose of the dark glasses is to give your eyes some rest so you don't get bothered by reflecting surfaces or the bright light itself. The problem is that while some cheap sunglasses might give your eyes this comfort they do not always block the UV radiation. Thus still letting it damage and possibly burn your eyes. So to come back on your question: Clear sunglasses are healthier for your eyes than cheap normal sunglasses because they are specifically designed to block UV light. Though they will not give your eyes relief from the bright light so they're worse for tasks that need your focus and attention (like driving for example).", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1191940", "score": 0.7076383233070374, "text": "I contend that you should be able to wear sunglasses inside without people looking at you like a weirdo. I see people wearing hats inside and no one says a thing. Sunglasses perform the same function as a hat, blocking light and creating shade. Why is it ok to wear a hat indoors but not sunglasses? I wear my sunglasses inside in defianace of this tyranny.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1191216", "score": 0.70660799741745, "text": "So I've generally stay awayed from sunglasses because up until recently, my fashion taste has been tame in the most dull sense (jeans a t-shirts). This past year, reddit has inspired me to branch out a bit and it's been a great experience thus far.\n\nNow that spring/summer is coming, I'm looking into getting a nice pair of sunglasses for commutes, outdoor events, and general use. Because I'm not too bold yet, my first impulse was to get the black wayfarers with green crystal lens Link]( However, I'll be starting work at a law firm, and so I was kind of hoping to get something that would look good with a casual grey suit. The caravans with green lenses looked a little less casual and like they might work better [Link\n\nAny thoughts?", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-181374", "score": 0.7066047191619873, "text": "They have silver-based particles in them that turn black when exposed to UV. More UV, more blackness. Less UV, less blackness. I had them for years, and they are great, but they aren't as dark as real sunglasses. You just can't pack too many metal particles into glass and still have good optical properties.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1362109", "score": 0.7064476609230042, "text": "What are the best hot, mild and cold outfits to wear ray ban wayfarer's?\n\nI really like the look of these wayfarer's. Whenever I see people wearing ray ban glasses, half of them look like they are trying to be cool and it really doesn't suit them, the other half suit their wayfarer's really well. What style of clothing and/or hairstyle makes people look good in wayfarer's?", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-142389", "score": 0.7056774497032166, "text": "The real important part is that word lens. Glass insides are just those. Lenses. They adjust the light so it hits your retina where it should. The different curvatures and thicknesses of the lens do this. Sunglasses on the other hand are not meant to do this. They are just meant to block the sun. This means that you don't need to use glass, you can just use a tinted piece of plastic. These plastics may also be polarized but that's a different story.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-190994", "score": 0.7048714756965637, "text": "Your eyes adapt to the light around you. 10,000 years ago people spent most of their day walking in the sun, so their eyes had plenty of time to adapt. Now we spend lots of time indoors where it's darker. Your eyes need time to adapt again to the outdoors, and given that we go inside and outside quite frequently, sunglasses make it much easier.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1171231", "score": 0.7042319178581238, "text": "People look better with sunglasses because it conceals a poor midface/ eye area. I personally enjoy wearing them because they hide my subhuman eyes and people don't stare at me like they usually do. I can also stare at females as much as I want without them giving me a look of disgust. \n\nI encourage all incels to start wearing sunglasses. You're still subhuman but people won't treat you as harshly.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1190672", "score": 0.7011369466781616, "text": "I bought a pair of non-tinted sunglasses for a costume. They're clear frames with no prescription or anything and they had a sticker saying they offer UV protection. But what is the practical benefit of them? Do they just give me a sunglasses tan without shielding my eyes from bright sun?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-952223", "score": 0.6987817883491516, "text": "Next time when you have a chance to walk around in public and watch hundreds of people or more\n\nLook carefully. \n\nYou will notice majority of men, middle aged or senior women, children do not wear sunglasses\n\nIt is attractive young women who wear sunglasses\n\nThey wear sunglasses in public because they are hit on too much by too many men\n\n**Wearing sunglasses helps them avoid eye contacts and receive advances less often**", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-151476", "score": 0.6972209215164185, "text": "Polarized sunglasses are made with what amounts to very, very tiny slits in the shading. This allows only light that is made up of either vertical or horizontal waves to pass through, but not both. Usually light reflects off a surface (like water, or snow) with the waves moving horizontally. So with vertical 'slits' in the sunglasses, those horizontal waves can't get through and are blocked, but the direct light in vertical waves can pass through. This reduces glare and helps to keep from being blinded.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-19366", "score": 0.690308690071106, "text": "Iirc, computer glasses are built different to prevent glare and increase contrast, while also protecting your eyes from the Blue Light emitted from digital screen. They usually aren't darkened like sunglasses are, and sunglasses are made to protect from UV rather than Blue Light", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-49610", "score": 0.6899719834327698, "text": "It's just a matter of eye sensitivity and personal opinion. It's just like having contacts. Some people can wear them, and it freaks others out.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-8199", "score": 0.6889143586158752, "text": "Because glasses don't so much magnify as distort the light going through them to focus it where the eye needs it. You can create a heat spot with some lenses but you have to aim them directly at the sun and angle them just right so generally it's not an issue.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-86197", "score": 0.6886246204376221, "text": "It's because they're associated with nearsightedness and people that are nearsighted are generally better than reading and stuff than something like going outside and tossing a ball around. That is a really old stereotype though, and nowadays I don't think glasses automatically make someone nerdy. Except maybe in a hipster way.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-46732", "score": 0.6882438659667969, "text": "The answers here are all over the place. Yes, you are paying for name/marketing, but you are also paying for correctly oriented polarized lenses. There is also UV protection, but you can find that on cheap pairs too. What makes Oakleys preferable is that the polarized lenses (which reduce glare) are oriented in the same direction. If they are not oriented the same direction, your brain will have difficulty correcting the slight distortions, which will eventually make it uncomfortable to wear them.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-32592", "score": 0.6849597692489624, "text": "It changes because the \"cool\" thing is no longer a novel concept. People often want to have the newest technology/fashion/etc, and so when seemingly *everyone* has the same thing, it stops being cool. Trends come back for the same reason - for example, neon was pretty popular in the 90s, then everyone wore it, so it went out of style, then no-one was wearing it, so it became a \"new\", trendy thing again.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-114303", "score": 0.6830474138259888, "text": "I think it just serves to accentuate the eye itself. A nice eye with bright whites and clear lense is a sign of health so they contrast makes the eyes pop.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1192157", "score": 0.6819645166397095, "text": "So summers coming up so I need to buy some sunglasses. I really like the style of rayban wayfarer and clubmaster but I'm not a huge fan of logos on my clothing. I try avoid logos at all costs. So can anybody recommend me anything?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-194", "score": 0.6787899136543274, "text": "Fresh vs. Frozen - was it alive this morning? The Chef's reputation and experience - you're buying his car! The ambience isn't free, if you're having sushi at a Chinese buffet, it's mostly fake crab and Thai illegal immigrants doing the work. The exact kind of fish! You're not going to find supermarket fish at the Sushi-is-us hole in the wall. If you want the whole range of selection, you need the real Sushi Bar." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1548758", "score": 0.6444230079650879, "text": "I am visiting Vancouver and have been told it does amazing sushi. I have only ever had Yo shushi in the UK and thought it was meh. Can anyone recommend any good midrange shushi restaurants in or close to the down town area. I have read loads of reviews and lots of recomendtions but most are for high end sushi not sushi for newbs. Also what should I order? Ill eat anything. (Sorry for spelling. I can't edit it now)", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1769030", "score": 0.6438641548156738, "text": "I saw the trailer for the Best Sushi Chef in the World are far from high quality, but I have no idea what makes a sushi place better than the next one. So r/vegas, what's the best sushi restaurant in town? In terms of quality and presentation? Money is no object, if it's good enough I'll save up for it.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1547795", "score": 0.643703818321228, "text": "I've been in food service for about 7-8 years, with mixed experiences at different Eastern restaurants. I have been a sushi chef for about 4 of them. I work primarily and know most about American sushi, but I also know a bit about traditional sushi, and the history of the style.\n\nI helped a few of you out in the home sushi megathread, so hopefully this will help some more of you. Ask me about fish, technique, knives, whatever tickles your fancy! I will do my best to answer.\n\nI will be returning throughout the day to answer your questions.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-183158", "score": 0.6430806517601013, "text": "Are you eating sushi in Japan? I'm surprised this is an issue if you are.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1686341", "score": 0.643049955368042, "text": "Been trying to find a good sushi restaurant, preferably all you can eat, but so far I've been pretty disappointed. Any good recommendations?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2024495", "score": 0.642675518989563, "text": "The soy sauce is too overpowering and usually ruins the taste of the sushi. It may be diverging from tradition but Kewpie is just a better fit. Most people never finish the sauce fishes you get with sushi and a lot of it is thrown out and wasted anyway. It could be served in similar portions, probably two good squeezes per sushi.\n\nThe cost would increase but with a clear sign indicating it costs more i don't think people would mind. Some flavours already come with mayo inside but its never enough to satisfy; having your own also lets you control how much to put on. \n\nFailing a straight swap, there should at least be an option or a point where you're asked which you'd prefer.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-52394", "score": 0.6425909996032715, "text": "You probably can with sufficient training. Your brain currently reacts to the taste and texture negatively. Not sure why, but it does. But with most foods, you can acquire the taste by finding something close or using small portions. There are a lot of kinds of sushi, each with distinctly different taste, so it might be a texture thing. In which case, start with something easy like California rolls.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1315422", "score": 0.6424763798713684, "text": "-Specifically in the US, what gives some restaurants the legitimacy to charge hundreds of dollars more for the same type of fish?\n-Are the fish prepared differently?", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1546841", "score": 0.6417796611785889, "text": "My girlfriend loves sushi, so I was going to take her to get some for Valentine's Day. I have never really had sushi before, so i don't know where to go. Where is the best place to go for sushi? \n\nP.S. I am willing to travel a little ways, but not like 3 hours away.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-114534", "score": 0.6412418484687805, "text": "I believe it is to do with the skill the being a sushi chef requires and they are paid accordingly. The raw materials (cracking pun) make up a very small percentage of the cost.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1427602", "score": 0.6410434246063232, "text": "I love cooking. I love experimenting with different foods, I like learning about different cooking methods, I like eating different foods. I especially like making healthier foods at home and I'm actively working towards eating less red meat. My girlfriend, her family, and my family all LOVE fish. I grew up coastal, my dad came from an island country and my mom came from a coastal country and our origins are very coastal - i.e. the culture for both sides of my family are very fish-eating. \n\nFish is good for you. Fish is a whole realm of foods that vary dramatically compared to just beef, pork, or chicken. Fish is an important part of a lot of cultural foods. Fish is better for you AND the environment when compared to beef, especially if you get fish raised in the right environment (i.e. farm-raised fish for fish that are better to farm-raise like catfish, wild-caught fish for fish that are better from the wild, seasonal fish, local fish, etc). \n\nAll this is to say there are lots of reason I should eat fish, but I have never in my young life enjoyed fish before. I've eaten shrimp that I've enjoyed a bit, but only when they were deeply grilled and covered in sauce - the parts that I can actually taste that tasted like shrimp I just tolerated. I had fried crab with my girlfriend's family - I didn't like it much and tbh all I could taste was the \"fried\" part. I've smelled fish before and hated it. I've taken little bites throughout my life and immediately recoiled. I know part of the problem is the expectation that if it tastes fishy I will hate it; I have to learn not just to tolerate but to enjoy the fishy flavors. \n\nBut I just don't know how to get myself to like fish now that I'm an adult. I don't know really where to start, especially if a lot of white fish, which is what they usually recommend, can be kind of hard to cook and end up coming out tasteless. And sushi, which everyone recommends for the raw fish, is hard for me to enjoy because I struggle with the texture of all the raw foods - slimy seaweed, soft rice, soft fish, nothing even remotely crunchy in a piece of sashimi (or the only crunch in rolled sushi coming from cucumber, which I feel way less bad about not liking at all).\n\nHow do you successfully convert a fish-fearer to a fish-lover?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-745689", "score": 0.6403933167457581, "text": "I always thought what goes on sushi, and is often drizzled on in the pre-made packs, was spicy mayo. My dad called it yum yum sauce. Is it the same thing? I'm leaning towards them being different. But I'm unsure. \n\nI also saw a similar looking sauce, shrimp sauce. I do not think shrimp sauce and spicy mayo are the same, but again I'm unsure.\n\n\n\nNot sure if this is the correct subreddit for this.\n\nEdit(s)\n&gt;I'm genuinely curious and want to know.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1549456", "score": 0.6400694847106934, "text": "Hey! \nI am going to a sushi restaurant today, does anyone have any good advice on what to eat? Sashimi is the obvious alternative, but are there any other good alternatives? Can you ask for rolls without rice or is that rude of me?\n\nHave a nice day! :D", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1547727", "score": 0.6397368311882019, "text": "Anyone know of a good place with all you can eat sushi around here? I want large amounts of nigiri and paying 5 dollars for 2 pieces doesn't count", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-761920", "score": 0.6393564343452454, "text": "I’m looking for an authentic sushi restaurant near Gothenburg/Borås/Jönköping that preferably is Japanese-owned, but at a bare minimum, has a Japanese sushi chef. \n\nThe only such place I’ve been able to find is a restaurant called Bizen in Gothenburg, but I’m hoping to find other places as well. Thanks!", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-2010163", "score": 0.6392920017242432, "text": "I don't know a lot about traditional sushi ingredients, but I feel like mayonnaise and cheese aren't very Japanese.\n\nI'm not trying to be a \"purist\" I just don't think the flavors/textures mesh at all. Yet nearly every sushi bar or restaurant that serves sushi I've seen lately features cream cheese and mayo *heavily* on their primary menu items... \n\nYES I AM AWARE I CAN ORDER ITEMS W/O MAYO/CHEESE ON REQUEST\n\nMy gripe is that I don't think they should have so many items with those extremely un-Japanese ingredients by default. If someone is picking up food for me I feel like an idiot because I need to take 5 minutes to explain that *I will not be able to eat it if it has mayonnaise or cheese in it...* and *everything* has mayo and cheese in it...\n\nI eel like I'm taking crazy pills every time I try to get a dragon roll...", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1686234", "score": 0.6388354301452637, "text": "I need somewhere to get sushi grade fish before Monday December 31. We want to make sushi but have had a hard time finding a good place for good fish. Some place local, with good experiences is preferred. Thank you so much for any help!!", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-762724", "score": 0.6384524703025818, "text": "I’m looking for Sashimi grade fish (salmon, yellowtail, tuna, scallop) and I’m looking for good black and red caviar. \n\nThe caviar at beryozka is expensive and not the best quality. In the states some of the most sought after caviar is Bulgarian but I can’t seem to find it here. Thanks for the help.\n\nPs I’ve hit google and the fish markets hard with no luck.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-747487", "score": 0.6381638646125793, "text": "What is the difference? Is one superior to the other? Why?", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1549091", "score": 0.6378025412559509, "text": "After coming off the recent Japanese festival, and pursuing my favorite food, I've decided I really want to get into making sushi. I hear sushi isn't that hard to make, but I'm one of those people that likes to get some hands on experience in order to cook a certain style. That being said, I was wondering if you guys knew of any good places in the area(preferably not north) that has really well done sushi classes?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-195", "score": 0.7861388325691223, "text": "Large road projects usually exist to keep the existing road network running, or to improve its relation to the rest of the city. Bridges need to be retrofitted, underpasses capped, tarmac replaced. They may be big projects, but they're really necessary to keep the system functioning like it is. A major public transportation network is an entirely new investment. If you don't do it, you don't it--there's no downside other than that you don't have the network. A comparable project would be the construction of an entirely new highway link (or in some cities, the removal of major highways), which is rare and nowadays often put to voters as well. Of note is that many major highway projects were initiated in a time when referendums for transportation were not as common." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-85837", "score": 0.7383483052253723, "text": "**lots** of reasons The American rail system is focused on shipping freight which it does very well. Westward expansion took over a century which meant it was difficult to plan where new population centers would be cropping up in relation to the older cities. Lobbying and scheming by motor companies to make America based around the car, the documentary *Taken for a Ride* does a good job covering this. Many states are mostly rural areas which negates the usefulness of light rail somewhat. And finally I think that many people just prefer the freedom and independence afforded by using automobiles.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-57324", "score": 0.7328464984893799, "text": "Cities tend to be optimized to whatever transportation is widely used at the time. Philadelphia and New York were built in a time when horses were popular and thus has closely built cities which happened to transfer well to public transportation, which requires a large population needing to travel a small number of short routes. LA on the other hand was largely built after the popularity of cars so is built to optimize car travel, meaning a decentralized sprawl and a large network of highways. LA does have above ground trains (Metrolink) which travel mostly east-west in a long straight line, but as a metropolitan area is so spread out that it would be prohibitively expensive to build a subway to connect all areas within a single subway system.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-93447", "score": 0.7148798108100891, "text": "The US is a large country with a very decentralized population. This present a number of problems with train travel. First, it is just too big. New York to Chicago isn't even a third of the way across the US, but that is further than it is from Paris to Prague. With those sorts of distances, most people would rather pay a little bit more to fly. The other problem is decentralization. Roughly 20% of the population of England and France live in the greater London and Paris metro areas. In the US, less than 7% live in New York City. Spending tax money on a train system to London or Paris will benefit (and see revenues from) one citizen in five, vs. one citizen in 15. That makes trains much more feasible in those countries.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-55123", "score": 0.7096571326255798, "text": "Confirmation bias. Big cities have hundreds of projects in action at any given time. You only here about the big ones that go over budget while plenty of other projects get done under or on budget. Big projects in private corporations go over budget all the time. It s just the nature of big projects.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-17115", "score": 0.7096485495567322, "text": "A large part of it is density. Western Europe has a very high population density...Europe has something like 750m-ish people and it's smaller in landmass then America. This makes it far easier to offer services like that or to implement mass transit...anything where a higher density makes the cost and effort worthwhile.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-136575", "score": 0.7074548602104187, "text": "Things like bridges and roads are planned and funded by local governments. Most houses and buildings are privately built, but local governments do what's called zoning, which defines what types of structures can be built in certain places and what their roles can be. This prevents a factory being built in the midst of a bunch of houses, for example.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-185357", "score": 0.7070060968399048, "text": "Maintenance of a rail system largely boils down to two things. 1.) Money: it's expensive, and public transit is a good that is more valuable to the city than that the users of that good would be willing to pay. So you fall into a hole of trying to defer major projects for as long as possible until they can't be delayed much longer. 2.) Especially for a 24-hour system, it's tough to work on large sections of the system while avoiding service interruption.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-128686", "score": 0.7023718953132629, "text": "Because like any large political system, local needs are best serviced by locals and not an umbrella hierarchy that may exist far away. It's a core value of right-leaning Americans: these people in a capital city thousands of miles away are dictating what should be happening here when they have very little clue what actually happens out here. There's also the issue that any logistical benefits would be cut off by the incredible bureaucracy that would need to be built to handle all of these issues. Governments are already inefficient and a larger one would be even moreso. Need potholes fixed in your neighborhood in Murietta? Let's submit something to the guys an hour and a half away in downtown Los Angeles and hopefully you get an expedient response.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-63064", "score": 0.7004982233047485, "text": "In at least one case, it was political lobbying that kept public transit away from the airport. When they were building the MetroRail system in LA, one line was designed to go straight from downtown LA to LAX. The taxi lobby, fearing a loss of revenue, screamed blue murder and managed to get the route changed before building commenced. So today, the line makes a beeline from downtown towards LAX, then at the very last second, veers off to the left, and ends up in a much-less useful terminus.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-121833", "score": 0.6998835206031799, "text": "Because politicians love big shiny new projects that they are responsible for. This has happened for centuries. Each pharaoh built a huge pyramid for their grave. Roman emperors built huge baths, aqueducts, et cetera. Maintenance is always in the background. No politician is content to say. \"I carefully maintained what the others before me did.\" We love new highways. Every thirty years they must be rebuilt. In my state a salesman really increased the use of concrete in the Interstate system with the simple argument, \"Don't you want a nice concrete highway?\" It cost a little more. But he got the money spent for the concrete. Thirty years later it is far more expensive to repair and replace.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-710720", "score": 0.6994364857673645, "text": "I've been wondering, If the US owns highways and they are already redoing them ALL. why don't we build a speed rail next to or under highways? The land is owned, already being messed with and interstates must be a convenient/efficient path from city to city.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-210339", "score": 0.6989204287528992, "text": "Well for roads it is because a lot of our towns were made after the invention and acceptance of the automobile. Although my town was around since the 17xxs so we have extremely narrow roads in some places. Some so narrow a garbage truck cannot get through. Highways are probably the same in the US and elsewhere. As for cars. A lot of it comes down to fuel prices, and how new cars are taxed. Cars in much of the world are taxed based on engine size and the taxes are an incentive to get a small car. Not so in the US. This is also why automatic transmissions are popular in the US. You see we could easily afford the big powerful engines. And in the early days automatic transmissions took a tremendous amount of power just to operate. It couldn't be done with 40 HP four cylinders.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-41750", "score": 0.6971986889839172, "text": "One of the things that survey after survey identified was that light rail was seen as \"clean\" while buses were perceived as \"dirty\" and full of undesirable people. The main political opponents of the public transit system were the political lobbyists for car dealerships: each person riding transit was someone who wasn't buying a car. The economics of public transit in the US is also mostly broken. In that metro area, fares collected from riders only covered about 40% of the cost of providing public transit. Light rail is fantastically expensive. For low-speed light rail, it costs about $40,000,000 per mile of track when you include the cost of purchasing land. The last time that high speed rail was seriously considered in an urban environment (BART expansion out to Silicon Valley, back in the 1990s), it was budgeted at $120M/mile of track. Finally, self-driving cars are seen as some new shiny technology. And new technology is always seen as \"better\" whether it is or not.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-28156", "score": 0.6967740058898926, "text": "Generally the developer chooses whatever they want. Although some of them are usually more specific. Highway is usually a much higher speed road with fewer turn offs. It usually gets named by the state. Boulevards usually denote a street where traffic is separated by [some sort of island in the middle](_URL_0_). These are just general though.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-52920", "score": 0.6941619515419006, "text": "In the Northeast, for instance, many decades old bridges/overpasses could now be far too small because cars/standards have gotten bigger/higher, while redoing the hundreds of thousands of overpasses/bridges would cost trillions of dollars, while the transportation infrastructure already needs billions to stay where it is right now. That and standards vary state to state, even county to county or city to city. New York City bridges and overpasses are many different styles, and it isn't likely to change for sheer effort and cost.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-140165", "score": 0.6923149228096008, "text": "Primarily land and labor costs. If you want to build a new road, you very often have to buy the property from the present land owner who will want a premium. Once the land is purchased, you then have to hire a private company to build it to modern building codes, which not only has to account for its own rather high skilled labor rates, but equipment and material costs, along with a decent profit margin. Before you know it, even a relatively \"simple\" project like a small bridge runs into the millions of dollars, which has to be paid for with taxpayer dollars in a country that hates paying taxes, even if it's for the greater good.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-106524", "score": 0.6921640634536743, "text": "The simple answer, is that building a road is pretty easy. But building a road that support trucks that weigh several tons, constant beating from various weather conditions, and won't sink under its own weight is much harder. They basically tear up the ground and the rebuild it layer by layer, to make sure it can drain and take the weight. Then build a multi layer road on top of that. Add in the bureaucracy that it takes to make sure the road goes over only the correct property, lines up with waster water drains and power lines, and a dozen other things I probably have no idea about and it ends up taking a long time.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-149274", "score": 0.6911415457725525, "text": "Cost and distance. Building rail infrastructure requires a large investment, and the distance between population centers is huge. Outside of the North-East, the population density is very low across the US. In addition, we have a somewhat-decent network or roads and airlines which cover the majority of transit needs.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-5734", "score": 0.6909706592559814, "text": "lots of low bridges and efficiency are the main reason. A bendy bus can load and unload at twice the speed. Also less handicap accessible. The ones being use in the US are in very few cities or just for fun. I know the one that started up in Las Vegas, is more for fun than anything else.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-123388", "score": 0.6851338744163513, "text": "Depends on who's maintaining it. Federal versus state versus local Edit: materials make them different as each municipality builds to different standards and materials. Reinforced concrete vs asphalt. Etc.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-196", "score": 0.7894368767738342, "text": "Bluetooth is designed to be short-range very low-power for small portable equipment. Part of the power-savings of Bluetooth come from diminished bandwidth (just as much as the weaker signal). One could speed up Bluetooth to Wi-Fi speeds, but then it would defeat the purpose of BT's major design feature. If you're looking for something that works like plunging a cable between devices but has Wi-Fi speeds, you might like wireless USB: _URL_0_" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1448399", "score": 0.7478094696998596, "text": "Im getting horrible wifi performance with Bluetooth on. When I turn Bluetooth off, wifi performance is restored. Any idea what could be causing this?", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-11971", "score": 0.7423818111419678, "text": "WiFi and bluetooth is on a frequency band that is very crowded. They are both built to tolerate interference. If a signal does not get though just try again. Maybe using a different frequency. You might have experienced that these radio technologies have worse performance the more people around you are using it. In very rural locations WiFi is almost as reliable as TP cables, even at long distances and a lot cheaper. This is because there is no interfering signals from other devices.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2465617", "score": 0.738111674785614, "text": "I know it sounds strange but recently I bought a FiiO BTR3K and no matter what device I'm using it with, weather it's my laptop or my phone, if I am connected with bluetooth and using my WiFi then my internet speed slows down so much it's unusable at times. I don't know why or how this is happening. \n\n If you have any suggestions of what I can try please let me know because I'm really enjoying this amp.\n\nEdit: i forgot to mention, this only happens to WiFi. If I use my mobile data then everything runs fine without any kind of problems.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-273933", "score": 0.7371630072593689, "text": "WiFi isn't bluetooth and neither is infrared light. Your basic WiFi is [radio waves](_URL_2_) in the 2.4, 3.6 and 5 GHz frequency bands, [from standards definition IEEE 802.11](_URL_1_). Bluetooth uses [short wavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band from 2400-2480 MHz](_URL_0_). So both use radio waves, neither is infrared light.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-156582", "score": 0.7363124489784241, "text": "Bluetooth is short range point-2-point communication like between a headset and a phone. Wifi is just a means to extend a network over a frequency that can be picked up my a receiver. Many clients can be used on a single wife access point.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-55916", "score": 0.7294823527336121, "text": "Bluetooth operates on the 2.4Ghz band and microwaves operate anywhere between 300MHz and 300GHz. The microwave overlaps with the wifi, and disrupts the signal. Microwaves also use far more power and don't put much effort into producing an easily filterable signal, so they tend to mute out wireless data signals pretty harshly.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-181704", "score": 0.7258535027503967, "text": "It helps to think about the Bluetooth connection like a hose with lots of spurting instead of a nice stream. To make the audio you hear seem smooth, the receiver will usually have some buffer it uses to store the information before playing it. This is kinda like having a bucket with a smaller hole which you run the hose into so that as long as more is going in than out, the stream stays smooth. Once the buffer is full the first time, the audio starts playing and any connection issues get smoothed over. The delay is probably one part the actual connection time and the rest is the buffer filling up so it can start playing.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2581734", "score": 0.7247917652130127, "text": "At least on my latest Lenovo c330 with both beta channel (75.0.3770.19 ) and latest stable. Other bluetooth devices are fine. This happens both with the Steam Controller, and a bluetooth mouse. Wifi speed (on multiple networks), goes down from around 100mbps, to 10-15 mbps. Can reproduce reliably. Disabling bluetooth or unpairing the unconnected device fixes the issue. Tested with both standard and newblue flag.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-168523", "score": 0.7187714576721191, "text": "Bluetooth works on the same principles as wifi. Its essentially really short range wifi. Which, is basically radio signals. The main device (computer, tablet, phone) sends out a signal with a unique \"name\". The recieving device(keyboard, earpiece) finds the signal, among others, and lets you choose which devicw letstrythisagain_'s tablet\". Then it connects and uses the device.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-130746", "score": 0.7132965326309204, "text": "Bluetooth only has an effective range of a few feet. Get further away and the Bluetooth signal becomes background noise and cannot be detected", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2607913", "score": 0.7116819024085999, "text": "I have two Boveda Butler‘s, which are Bluetooth, but now I am noticing the convenience of a similar device that would be Wi-Fi", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-50103", "score": 0.7115574479103088, "text": "Could be a number of things. Have you done a speed test on both? Smartphones usually have the newest in Wi-Fi tech if it's a recent one. Your computer might be a bit older and have an older wireless adapter.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-685565", "score": 0.7111623883247375, "text": "I would assume wired connections are faster than wireless connections but apparently they're the same. I don't understand how something wireless can be as good as something wired. Please explain", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1258792", "score": 0.7111113667488098, "text": "Ok so I bought a moga hero power (Its a Bluetooth controller for android phones) I connect it to my phone and it ruins my wifi speed. Still have a strong connection but I can do next to nothing with the speeds that Im getting. I dont think the controller is the problem and it likely is the Bluetooth signal interfering with the wifi signal.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-311707", "score": 0.7097907066345215, "text": "not a scientist, but i know that bluetooth is pretty much the same thing as wireless G, except modified and low-power. the range is short, as is intended, because it's for use with devices such as headsets, mice, keyboards, and other things that typically wouldn't get too far from the machine hosting the bluetooth radio.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-183694", "score": 0.7087401151657104, "text": "If by “wireless” you mean the way AirPods are. It’s because they don’t have a shared battery with cables connecting them or one Bluetooth receiver and wires splitting the data. It’s slightly more difficult to fit battery, speaker, and Bluetooth into such a small shell", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-683014", "score": 0.7075481414794922, "text": "Hey I’m lookin to get some info and I can’t seem to Google things correctly. I want to know how I can use my phone to get better speeds when I use my hotspot. \n\n\nFirst why do both WiFi and Bluetooth turn on? And which is better? Should I usb?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-162357", "score": 0.7073273658752441, "text": "Basically there is no functional difference between the two, either way you in theory get the same thing. However, in practice at 5ghz you should get a lot less interference from other devices. Most Wifi Routers work on 2.4 ghz. Bluetooth devices work at 2.4ghz. Wireless mouse/keyboards work at 2.4 ghz. Basically 5ghz is not better because it is 5ghz. It is better because it is not 2.4 ghz.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2582517", "score": 0.7068708539009094, "text": "If you're on WiFi, sometimes changing the WiFi-channel can be the best thing since sliced bread. I originally was on my router's 2.4GHz channel and it was good. Unfortunately, an unforeseen problem occurred. \n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\nBluetooth. \n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\nBluetooth (this may not go for everyone) uses the very same 2.4GHz channel I was using to connect to the web. So if I wanted to use my headphones, my connection would drop to a crawl. Basically I had to choose if I wanted to use my connection, or my headphones. Now normally this wouldn't matter to some of you, however I have 65% hearing loss in one ear, and 15% in the other. My headphones provide much better quality and sound for me. \n\nIf you're wifi adapter is dual-band, you can connect to the 5GHz channel and use your Bluetooth devices without a drop in connection. You may also find that 5GHz connection is far superior to the 2.4GHz one.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1258959", "score": 0.7047516107559204, "text": "I just got a pair of bluetooth 5.0 in ears, I only used wired headphones before that. The sound quality is really good but when watching videos, there is a noticeable delay that drives me nuts, especially obvious with lip sync. \n\nI thought with Bluetooth 5.0 they fixed latency issues. I understand that its not latency free as my wired headphones, but why isn't there some kind of software that delays video accordingly or why is it that obvious in the first place? From my understandment, the YouTube app is supposed to do that. But it doesn't. I'm using a Huawei Mate 20 but the delay is also obvious on my laptop and other devices. \n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\nThe headphones are Enacfire Future Plus, they got really good reviews on Amazon and are build really well. But that latency...argh!", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-197", "score": 0.756946325302124, "text": "The ISS orbits beneath the protective shield created by the earth's magnetism. The bulk of the solar wind is deflected away from earth by the earth's magnetic field." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-13711", "score": 0.7190058827400208, "text": "The ISS is in a pretty low orbit where things are still affected by the atmosphere quite significantly. That’s why the ISS needs a speed push from time to time to stay up. But debris slows down and falls into the atmosphere. So that low orbit cleans itself pretty much. Debris is a much bigger problem in higher orbits.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-262448", "score": 0.7178140878677368, "text": "The ISS is only orbiting 400km high, while the atmosphere is really thin up there, it's not nonexistent, so the station experiences drag forces. The orbit decays a little and needs to be corrected. Higher up, on geostationary orbits, the atmospheric drag is much lower, so the orbits decay only very slowly.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-271154", "score": 0.7176505923271179, "text": "The same thing that’ll happen to every object in orbit eventually. The atmosphere actually extends up to where the ISS is, it’s just so thin it’s basically nothing. That’s still enough to very gradually slow it down, making its orbit go lower and lower. Right now, they periodically boost it back up, but eventually it’ll decay (or they’ll have fuel reserves to allow them to target its decent) and it’ll fall back to earth, burning up mostly on the way", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-306671", "score": 0.7166354656219482, "text": "Depends what you mean by stable. The ISS has to periodically adjust its orbit because of drag from the latent atmosphere.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-318340", "score": 0.7164999842643738, "text": "The ISS is still within the Earth's magnetic field (it's only a few hundred km above the surface, whilst the Earth is 6,000km or so in radius), and so is protected from most radiation in the same way anyone on the surface is - although people on the surface also have the atmosphere to absorb some radiation. I believe that there has been a noticeable increase in cataracts for those astronauts who went to the Moon, due to the increased radiation exposure - despite having only been outside the Earth's magnetic field for a few days.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-283500", "score": 0.7153779864311218, "text": "The ISS is very much not in a stable orbit and it is boosted back up every month or so by burning several thousand pounds of fuel per year. The primary cause of the orbital decay is atmospheric drag from Earth's outer atmosphere. The atmospheric drag varies due to density changes caused by the Sun. Here's a graph of the altitude in km, * _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-273783", "score": 0.7117292881011963, "text": "The ISS doesn't experience much force. During orbital boost burns, [average acceleration is about 0.02m/s^2](_URL_0_), over 500 times less than the force of gravity on the earth's surface.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-55654", "score": 0.7103681564331055, "text": "That's not how orbits work. Say I drop a ball. It'll fall straight down. Say I throw a ball sideways. Its path will curve down. The faster I throw that ball, the less it will curve. The earth is round, so its surface also curves. [If I toss the ball so hard that the curve of the path is less than the curve of the earth it'll never hit the ground.](_URL_0_) That's what an orbit is. At that point you theoretically don't need fuel to stay in orbit. The international space station is orbiting pretty low though, so there is still a teeny tiny bit of atmosphere. That atmosphere will slow down the ISS, which would eventually cause it to fall back down and hit the ground. So once every so often they use the engines of some visiting spacecraft to give the ISS a small push to keep it in orbit.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-182347", "score": 0.7096962928771973, "text": "The ISS is travelling at just the right speed and is falling towards the earth but the earth , as the ISS travels forward, curves away under the ISS , this curvature matches exactly the free fall distance that the ISS falls during any period and therefore ISS maintains the same distance from the earth and as there is virtually no atmosphere at that height to slow ISS it continues to constantly fall to earth but never reaching it and therefore is in orbit .", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-267481", "score": 0.7096304297447205, "text": "If it's as high and fast as the ISS, then it will simply orbit like the ISS. At that height the atmosphere is almost negligible (after all, the ISS didn't need to be streamlined for exactly this reason), so it won't glide like you might expect. It will simply orbit, and maybe tumble while doing so. However, the ISS does experience a tiny amount of drag from the very thin atmosphere up there, requiring approximately monthly orbital adjustments in order to keep it from falling into the atmosphere. The paper plane, after many thousands of orbits, will start to spiral into the earth's atmosphere and probably burn up or disintegrate.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-311674", "score": 0.7086650133132935, "text": "There is a small amount of gas in outer space that can lead to a very very minuscule friction. In low-earth orbit this is more of an issue because of the upper atmosphere. The ISS decreases in altitude by 2 km/month because of this and has to continually correct itself.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-179544", "score": 0.7080649733543396, "text": "The ISS was assembled by flying it to space in pieces and assembling it later with robot arms. The solar Panels were just unfolded like a piece of paper by motors. Repairs are done by performing a spacewalk if necessary. Some maintenance can be done from the inside. In some cases the damage to parts is accounted for in beforehand so you only need maintenance very rarely.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-290568", "score": 0.7080029845237732, "text": "ISS is falling at the about the same speed as everything else on Earth, but because it is moving horizontally so fast, it won't hit earth anytime soon. One way I like to think about to make it easier to understand is if you threw a ball off of a mountain, it would go a certain distance and then fall. If you threw it harder, it would go farther and then hit the ground. Now imagine that instead of it hitting the ground at some point, the ground continued to curve. So, if you threw the ball hard enough, it would theoretically continue to travel around the planet at the same altitude. That's basically what ISS is doing all the time. ISS also experiences some drag from the atmosphere, so it it will eventually hit the ground, but again that won't be anytime soon. Hope this helps", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-276676", "score": 0.7078186273574829, "text": "I don't think they use anything. Space is BIG and even if there are plenty of debris in orbit, they are really far between and the probability of hitting anything is still very low. On top of that, debris that *would* hit the space station should be travelling on the same orbit and therefore have a similar speed, so the impact would be more of a bump than a crash. And if it's a fast-moving object that is not in orbit, like a meteor, then it's not something we can anticipate or protect against, but again, it's not likely to happen. The space station is a tiny target. I think it would be more cost efficient to replace a damaged panel than to build stronger, heavier panels.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-252414", "score": 0.7073127031326294, "text": "Same here, I haven't heard about *astronauts* being hit. Related comment: _URL_0_ But satellites/space stations, yes, they do get hit all the time. Just as you were assuming, protections are in place so nothing happens *as long as the micrometeoroid is small enough*. It's just a matter of probabilities and time before a bigger object strikes. Protections are designed to achieve a certain probability of penetration. The tougher the shield is, the bigger the object it can stop and therefore the lower the chance that anything bad happens. But this makes the shields more massive, which has a direct impact on launch costs. For instance, [the ISS was designed for a probabilty of penetration of 24% over 10 years](_URL_1_). The key point here is that *the probability is integrated over time*, so a spacewalk doesn't need protection because it lasts at most a few hours. We're much more concerned about a space station or a reusable spacecraft that will spend months or years in orbit.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-278324", "score": 0.707140326499939, "text": "First of all, most of the radiation and charged particles in the solar wind are deflected by Earth's magnetic field so they don't reach the satellite. For the stuff that still gets through, satellites are shielded with several layers of materials. I don't know all the techniques but for instance the most satellites have a thick aluminium case to prevent both ionizing radiation and meteorite impacts. There are also thin layers of gold sheets that absorb a lot of radiation (thanks to the high atomic number of gold). Polyethylene is often used for manned missions as the high hydrogen content helps absorbing radiation as well. Sources: _URL_3_ _URL_1_ _URL_5_ [paper over-viewing the 1950-200 period](_URL_2_) [shielding from debris impact](_URL_0_) extra resource for settlement outside Earth (also have a look on the [rest of the pages](_URL_4_)) _URL_4_/Chapt4.html#Shielding", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-47192", "score": 0.7067845463752747, "text": "The ISS has whipple shields, which are designed to reduce the impact of space debris. If there's something coming that's too big for the shields, or it's at risk of hitting a vulnerable part (like the solar panels,) the ISS can undertake some evasive maneuvers. The moon is much, much, much larger than the ISS. And it doesn't have shields. And it can't undertake evasive maneuvers.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-132414", "score": 0.7065345644950867, "text": "He would travel right along with the Space Station, as if he and the station were motionless from his perspective. The ISS is in orbit, meaning that the forces of gravity and of the centripetal force of the station moving around Earth are in balance. This means that gravity and inertia are when keep it where it is, and in the vacuum of space, they act the exact same way on the astronaut as on the station. (Remember that a feather and a freight train fall at the same rate of acceleration in a vacuum.)", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-300413", "score": 0.7060365080833435, "text": "They [don't.](_URL_0_) The ISS is occasionally hit by micrometeorites, they're about the size of a grain of sand. If you google about you can find other examples of damage caused by them. As far as big stuff goes, well, they're simply rare enough that the risk is deemed acceptable. It's very unlikely a basketball sized chunk of rock will hit it or something.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-251250", "score": 0.706009566783905, "text": "1) If you could release it without imparting any movement, then it would stay perfectly still. However that's hard to do. 2) No. 3) Yes, the ISS (all objects in it), is constantly falling towards the Earth, though its horizontal velocity causes it to \"miss\" continuously.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-198", "score": 0.8161980509757996, "text": "Not 100% sure if this is the correct answer, but the act of yawning presses against the glands which produce tears. These glands are like a sac, so pressing against these sacs make the tear flow regardless of if you need it or not" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-323490", "score": 0.7730061411857605, "text": "[Diagram.](_URL_0_) Normally, tears go from the lacrimal gland, across the eye, into the lacrimal sac, and finally drain away through the lacrimal duct. Note that the lacrimal sac acts as a reservoir for the tears to drain from. When we yawn, our face muscles apply pressure to the lacrimal sac, which causes an excessive amount of tears to be pushed back onto the eye. Additionally, the lacrimal duct is also closed off by the pressure so the tears can't drain.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-118324", "score": 0.772725522518158, "text": "why do we yawn when we read about yawning?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-168689", "score": 0.7701787352561951, "text": "You have these pouches in your eyes called the tear ducts and they are used to lubricate your eyes all the time, not just when you cry When some people yawn, they squeeze their eyes, pushing the tears out of the tear ducts. Edit: my mistake", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-22943", "score": 0.7614424228668213, "text": "We use a lot of muscles in our face while yawning. This causes tension on the eye lids. And this opens the lacrimal glands.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-45528", "score": 0.7592856884002686, "text": "Slightly offtopic, but why do my eyes leak when I yawn?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-167193", "score": 0.7580469250679016, "text": "Crying is biologically hardwired into our minds. It's much like why we smile when we're happy, or why we frown when we're mad (Ever wonder how blind people smile even though they've never seen one in their lives?) Here's a link: _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-61808", "score": 0.7571560740470886, "text": "During anxious situations, you probably hyperventilate slightly, even if you don't notice it. When you hyperventilate, your body starts to feel like it's not getting a full breath. Yawning expands the rib cage and sends a signal to your brain that you did indeed get a full breath. It's actually a fairly common stress response.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-111901", "score": 0.755885899066925, "text": "While there's a number of theories, it's not known exactly why we yawn but we do know that it's not something unique to humans. An interesting theory came from studying animals in Africa. They found through their observations, that animals yawn most around the same times as humans - basically when they're chilling out and doing nothing or just relaxing. So this indicates that yawning isn't just a common action between species but probably also happens for similar reasons. So this theory suggests that we yawn instinctively to make our bodies more alert. Yawning causes us to stretch our limbs and tears to extrude from the tear ducts forcing us to either wipe them away or to blink them away. This may also be why yawning is contagious as among pack animals it's no good if only one or two are ready to flea from a predator when the need arises. So if you're alert and focused, you have no need to have further stimulation, hence no yawning.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-94891", "score": 0.7535318732261658, "text": "This has been asked before and this was the general consensus: > Tears come from what's called lacrimal glands that are always secreting small amounts of tears via tear ducts to keep your eyes moist. A combination of keeping your mouth open and fighting your gag reflex causes the muscles around lacrimal sacs to constrict, which then causes the tears in the sacs to overflow (similar to what happens when you yawn).", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-56680", "score": 0.7531303763389587, "text": "It's a little bit of this and that : genetics that we have that show our emotions in order to interact in a social environment and portray our emotions to the people around us. Crying shows people around us we are upset and distressed, much like how smiling and laughing means you're happen, even though that have different meanings. It's your body's way of trying to express its emotions in a way that will be noticed by the people around you, after all humans are very social creatures. On the other side of it, when we are sad our brain sends signals to release chemicals, one of those causes the tear ducts to swell and release all the excess fluid, tears, this is also why some people drool excessively or have snot flying out of their noses when crying", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-28875", "score": 0.7516101598739624, "text": "I'm no scientist, but I did watch a youtube video about [this](_URL_0_), and it explains it very well. Basically, we cry when we expirience a loss of control or are under heavy stress. Tears are a way for our body to calm itself. EDIT: In the video, it explains it at 2:45 for those who do not want to watch the whole thing.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-91400", "score": 0.7501965165138245, "text": "The word you are looking for is to sigh. This should be taken as anecdotal because I can't find the source but I've read that both yawning and sighing are used to mentally change gears - like the transition from one brainwave class to another. One could suppose that sighing in the situations you've described could fulfill a social mechanism in the same way crying does. It alerts your peers to how you are feeling, simultaneously requesting aid and warning against conflict. Dunno really. That could be way off.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-132697", "score": 0.7486922144889832, "text": "Yawning is a response to your brain not getting enough oxygen, because you're breathing too shallow. You take in a big gulp of breath to rectify this situation. When you see another person yawn, your brain perceives this as a warning that oxygen levels are low, and induces the reflex in yourself to compensate.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-68039", "score": 0.747569739818573, "text": "We're not actually sure why we yawn yet. There are some good theories out there. Some of these include strecthing muscles, regulating brain temperature, and that yawning is linked to emotions. For further reading refer to the wiki article.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-171241", "score": 0.7446703314781189, "text": "Yawning is partly an empathetic expression. I.e. you yawn when you're bored or tired to signify that you're bored or tired. It being a sign of empathy is why when someone else yawns you yawn. Yawn in front of a sociopath and you'll find they usually wont yawn in return because they lack empathy. You may even be yawning right now because i'm talking about it. Yawning also serves a functional purpose. Breathing is a bodily function we can control when we focus on it. But it's a function that continues even when we aren't focusing on it. When you're tired or bored you may start day dreaming or thinking about other things. So your breathing goes into auto pilot. When you're tired and bored you're also resting. So your heart beat slows down, and your breathing slows. Too slow and it can cause a drop in blood O2 levels. A nice yawn gets a big gulp of O2 in and expels excess CO2, bringing you back into balance.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-167858", "score": 0.742044985294342, "text": "We yawn to intake a greater amount of oxygen than a normal breath. Our body does this in an attempt to keep our brain functioning as well as possible when it is tired or when we simply need more oxygen in our system. Source: I learned this years ago in a science class but I found a link to post anyway (for credibility) _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-91738", "score": 0.7419535517692566, "text": "Crying is referred to medically as *lacrimation*, referring to the lacrimal gland, or tear duct. While we don't understand the precise connection between emotion and crying, we do know that certain glands produce hormones that accompany specific emotional states, and emotional tears (as opposed to tears from physical irritations to the eye and surrounding tissues) contain a higher concentration than normal of prolactin, leuenkephalin, and other hormones, suggesting these hormones share some connection with the emotion triggering the response. True ELI5: Honestly we don't know, but it has to do with hormones.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-31128", "score": 0.7418861985206604, "text": "You have what are called sublingual salivary glands. Sometimes you'll squeeze the muscles surrounding the tubes that lead out of those glands, causing the saliva in there to squirt out, like water out of a rubber ducky. Yawning is one of the actions that can accidentally squeeze those tubes. It's commonly called gleeking. It doesn't serve any purpose; it's just one of the weird side effects of having this particular arrangement of organs and muscles that we humans do.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-19344", "score": 0.7418426275253296, "text": "The uncomfortable feeling that makes you want to yawn is a difference in pressure between your outer ear and your middle ear, which are separated from each other by your eardrum. The act of yawning opens up the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the mouth and nose. This allows the pressure in the ear to equalize, sometimes causing a \"pop\", after which you feel a lot more comfortable.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-4489", "score": 0.7415869235992432, "text": "A few people think differently about why this happens. One idea is that when we see another person yawn, our brain tells our body that the area we are in has a low oxygen level. Another is the relationship of being tired, we see another person yawn and then become tired as a result. Lastly, there is an idea that yawning cools down the brain and allows it to work better, when one person yawns it makes other people's brains think they need to work better as a consequence. That is the extent of my limited knowledge, hope it helps", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-199", "score": 0.6890206336975098, "text": "We weren't around back then. The continents were already in their present form when humans evolved (in Africa, almost certainly)." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-260229", "score": 0.6544908285140991, "text": "> I understand that the big definition of distinguishing one species from another is that they can't mate. actually it is when they can no longer produce fertile offspring for example a horse and a donkey can produce an infertile offspring", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-643561", "score": 0.6544451117515564, "text": "If we all came from a common ancestor, how are we not all inbred and have debilitating diseases? Is it because there's a nearly infinite possible set of DNA combinations possible? How did our really closely related ancestors not become inbred? Really struggling to wrap my head around this...", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-86215", "score": 0.6544323563575745, "text": "Back a long time ago when humans were first migrating out of Africa, the populations of humans became separated, as they moved farther away from each other, communication and travel between the populations lessened and lessened. Eventually the populations of ancient humans became so far separated that communication was cut off for millennia. i.e. Native Americans and Europeans. The languages changed from population to population because the languages evolved, just like ours is evolving today, so that when contact was reestablished throughout the world, everyone was speaking different languages an there wasn't much of a choice but to accept them. Sorry for all of the commas, I hope this helps. EDIT: Corrected grammar in the first sentence.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-322326", "score": 0.6543987989425659, "text": "The short answer is, of course, we don't know - we only know of life in one place, and it does have a moon, but one data point isn't enough to extrapolate from. I think it's fair to say that life on Earth wouldn't have evolved in the same way without the moon, but it's quite a jump to go from that to saying that it couldn't have happened without it. _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-296862", "score": 0.6543310284614563, "text": "On one hand, this is a silly question, because obviously the first species to evolve the ability to ask this question would be the first to ask it. But the simple answer is that we don't know. There's a lot to read on the subject though, this should lead you to some relevant articles/books _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-158384", "score": 0.6543081998825073, "text": "Your question is kind of missing the point of how evolution works. It's not like someone sitting down and designing the best skeleton, in which case it would be appropriate to ask \"why did out put this here, but not there?\" Evolution is working by making tiny changes on what is already there. Our ancestors never had an extra bone in the arm that could have become an elbow cap, so evolution didn't have anything to work on. [If we look at other animals we can see how this is true.](_URL_0_) We all started out from the same ancestor, so we are building on the same template. The bones slowly changed shape to perform different jobs. But you can't just add a bone from nowhere just because it would be better if it was there.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-186910", "score": 0.6543056964874268, "text": "Absolutely nothing, they're the exact same animal. If you want to get super-pedantic, there are considered to be subspecies, including Eurasian, mid-Siberian, Alaska, and several others (including the extinct Caucasian sup-species), who show minor differences from each other.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1474", "score": 0.6542652249336243, "text": "In the early 1900s it was believed that white people originated in the Caucasus mountains. At the time, the three \"scientific\" classifications were Caucasoid, Negroid, and Mongoloid. (Some people still use mongoloid or \"mongo\" as an insult to this day.) There's no real scientific basis to this, and no way to draw a dividing line. If you were to divide races scientifically by amount of genetic variation, you'd find it looked something more like this: * non-Bantu sub-Saharan people like the Bushmen and the Mbuti (four or five races) * everybody else Which shouldn't be surprising, since the non-Africans descended from a few waves of migrants who only carried a small amount of humanity's total genetic variation. (edit: a word.)", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-305459", "score": 0.654248833656311, "text": "It is impossible to really predict the outcome of evolution, and when you say evolve you're looking at so many years down the road it's hard to tell. Basically anything COULD happen, although plants are so specialized right now that it would be unlikely for them to develop animal characteristics. I would think that would also mean they would somehow have lost their chloroplasts somewhere down the road, and considering how important they are in photosynthesis it is incredibly unlikely that a plant's environment would select against having a chloroplast. When animals and plants first diverged back when the first organic molecules started forming, and cyanobacteria began to be incorporated in living cells, we saw the distinction between plants and animals begin. It would be surprising to see that change. I'm no expert but that's just taking some things I've learned and incorporating them, if my science is incorrect anyone feel free to correct me.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-269016", "score": 0.654210090637207, "text": "Nope. And our closest relatives, chimps and bonobos don’t have mating seasons either. Which means this trait likely has a common origin. So would be unlikely to have appeared anywhere on the line from where humans split off from chimps. Some 7-8 million years ago", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-319463", "score": 0.6542012095451355, "text": "Because of tectonic shifts. The tectonic plate that Antarctica was on, and was once apart of Pangea of course, split and moved to the south pole, where it gets no sunlight during winter, and is like hardcore mode in Minecraft", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1334505", "score": 0.6541561484336853, "text": "I've been learning this stuff in science and they said it's possibly because of Pangaea and the moving of continents, but is it possible that the Flood moved fossils and stuff to different parts of the world (also maybe why there are fish fossils on mountains)?", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-4957", "score": 0.6541025042533875, "text": "When the Earth was much hotter, and everything was much more liquid, things could flow a lot easier. Just like putting oil in water, these molten metals and minerals will tend to separate out due to their different densities. They then cool and solidify, and billions of years later humans find them in clusters. Elements/compounds with similar densities may be found close together for this reason. Other compounds might also be characteristically found together because one is a reaction product of the other, or they are both products of the same reaction, which occur naturally in nature. An example would be oil and natural gas. Geology and planetary science isn't my speciality though, so there are likely more complex factors at play than just these.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-294483", "score": 0.6540842652320862, "text": "Certainly not. In a field where we aren't sure what are separate species, there is little chance of being able to make such precise observations. We can estimate that X dinosaur was more numerous than Y dinosaur for a given period, but anything more would be too poorly supported.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-109538", "score": 0.6539598703384399, "text": "Technically, today's humans are a sub-species of Homo sapiens. We are \"Homo sapiens sapiens\". Another previous sub-species was \"Homo sapiens idaltu\". So the answer to your question is yes, there can be, and yes there is/has been already.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-282292", "score": 0.6539514660835266, "text": "It depends in part on what the origin of the island is. If the island originated via volcanic activity and is therefore pre-isolated (such as in the case of Hawaii), most animals are thought to travel there via long-distance dispersal mechanisms such as flight--this is why Hawaii has so many endemic birds and only two endemic mammals (a bat and a seal). The occurrence of endemic amphibians and reptiles on these islands are harder to explain although the classic explanation has been dispersal via floating mats of vegetation. Many of the other animals in Hawaii have been introduced by humans. Another way in which islands are formed is by separating off of continents. In this case, animals can colonize via long distance dispersal, but are more commonly found there due to what is known as **vicariance** (just went with the island as it floated away). This is why India has several biogeograpic affinities with Africa.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-175551", "score": 0.6538633704185486, "text": "Likely other specials of animals do look unique amongst themselves. Perhaps we are just not aware of what those differentiating features are. I know I have difficulty sometimes with different human races, so I imagine it maybe similar with other species of animal as well.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1317", "score": 0.6538121104240417, "text": "The true answer is that we don't know. There are many theories but in my opinion the best one is that it's our migratory nature. We were able to move around which changed our circumstances. So like moving into the north we moved far more into fishing and agriculture. The more northern living conditions resulting in adaptations as well as mutations is what changed circumstances and resulted in greater communication and this is what results in humans being 'smarter' but that's not necessarily doing physics smart. It brought the communities together to do things bigger and more organized. Division of labour being what makes humans so dominant.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1787752", "score": 0.6537863612174988, "text": "Hi, I'm not sure if this is the best place to ask this, but /r/atheism does have a very eclectic group of people and comments on almost anything. /r/evolution seems to only want articles about evolution, not questions.\n\nPeople often point out, correctly, that evolution is different from abiogenesis as well as from the Big Bang theory (or any part of cosmology). Do you think that evolution is still a plausible theory if abiogenesis is not? Like if abiogenesis can't possibly have happened, is evolution still a good and viable theory? Please explain a bit when you answer. Thanks. (Personally I think that abiogenesis is impossible, but if you do think that it is quite plausible, could you just pretend that it isn't for the sake of this question? Thanks again.)\n\n*Full disclosure: I'm not at all an atheist, but sometimes I wander over here to learn things.*\n\n------\n\n**Update** Thanks for your replies. It is now clear that evolution and abiogenesis are different -- good explanations. Sorry for not keeping up with the replies. I'm at work now. I would like to answer a couple more people with details about the biochemical problems with abiogenesis. I'll do that this evening. Or would you like a separate post about it?\n\n----\nMy write up about problems with abiogenesis (somewhere in this thread below, put here for your convenience): ", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-323469", "score": 0.6537814736366272, "text": "The current prevailing theory is the out of africa hypothesis, that is a small number of humans i think the number may be as low as 600 breeding pairs evolved in africa and then spread out across the world. This is supported by the limited amount of genetic variability found in modern humans. If ama had evolved across europe and africa we would expect to see more variation. However, it appears that ama's bread with Neanderthal in europe as a consequence africans do not have Neanderthal dna whereas people from the rest of the earth have a very small amounts.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-200", "score": 0.7931631803512573, "text": "Canadian healthcare is, more or less, single-payer. Basically, you pay a tax to the government and the government insures you. American healthcare is a big old mess. We have single-payer for some people (Medicare), full-on nationalized healthcare for some (the Veterans' administration, where doctors are government employees), private insurance for many, and no insurance (fuck you and die) for some. Obamacare is actually working--it's fixing some of the worst problems with private insurance and reducing the number of people with no insurance. But our health care system is still a big old mess. Obamacare didn't create the mess, but it does sort of freeze it in place. If you want more detail, I created a comic to explain Obamacare here: _URL_0_." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-123059", "score": 0.7456614375114441, "text": "I important distinction, Canada does not have *free* healthcare, it has universal healthcare. This means people pay for their health in the form of taxes.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2812512", "score": 0.7389509677886963, "text": "How \"Free\" is public healthcare in Canada. And could someone explain how's its different to the UK's NHS or Australia's Medicare?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1223632", "score": 0.7353065013885498, "text": "I'm Canadian and I noticed that Obamacare or something got upheld, yet people are complaining about it. Why would you NOT want that? Can someone help me understand?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-155619", "score": 0.7347705960273743, "text": "Not similar at all, really. Here in Canada, each province is a single insurer, and you can't opt out of it. Private health insurance really only exists to cover what the provincial systems don't, such as dental or vision care. The US system is and will remain a hodgepodge of different private insurers, with single payer systems only really applying to those who are poor, elderly, or in the military.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2810002", "score": 0.732279896736145, "text": "Hi there! I recently moved to Canada and I’m having a hard time figuring how the healthcare system works, any help is appreciated!", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-147001", "score": 0.7268659472465515, "text": "Its actually pretty simple - Canadian's voted for universal health care and pay more in taxes to the government to support the universal health care program. In the US, health care was deemed the responsibility of the individual (prior to the ACA) so there wasn't a universal government program and taxes were lower as a result. Post ACA, it may be mandatory but it is still a transaction made between two private entities, without tax dollars involved. The US _could_ have it if they were to vote for it an pass it.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-168025", "score": 0.7254611849784851, "text": "The federal government of Canada offers to pay a significant portion of each province's costs in providing basic care for their residents. The provinces each run a system that are distinct legally and so there isn't really a Canada-wide healthcare plan in the most stringent sense. Each province, though, does provide basically the same service; they run a tax-funded health insurance plan that pays for any basic care. Each resident is issued coverage under this plan. Since most healthcare will be rendered using that insurance plan most residents needs only show their healthcare and the rest is taken care of by the clinic/hospital and the provincial care provider. There are publicly owned hospitals and services, yes, but also plenty of private care.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-29624", "score": 0.7172308564186096, "text": "In Canada heath care is considered a human right. In the United States it's considered a commodity.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-44265", "score": 0.7164020538330078, "text": "Here's the skinny: We all pay taxes, just like Americans do. The systems are very similar overall, differing in the details, but that's not relevant here. The provincial governments each run what amounts to insurance companies, only they're taxpayer-funded and everyone's got coverage automatically. You get a health card when you're born or you immigrate, and when you need covered medical services (which is most basic stuff, aside from prescriptions) you present the card to your doc or hospital staff and never see the bill. Because they represent *everyone*, and are backed by the Crown, they have quite a bit of bargaining power when it comes to setting fair prices and representing patient interests, and because they're not in it for profit, they're much harder to corrupt.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-947872", "score": 0.7113712430000305, "text": "Hey Redditors, Canadians specifically. American here! I've been talking with my mom about Healthcare issues since we need a new provider in the US. Suddenly she explains how the Canadian Healthcare system is a mess (all explained to her by her doctor, who is an over the top US patriot born in the south). I've heard otherwise but never had a solid answer or real pros and cons. I truly do not trust US news sites at this point concerning most foreign matters as they tend to say the US is the best. \n\nIn short, can anyone provide me with a clear explanation concerning the issues with the Canadian national healthcare? Such as how it takes years to have a mandatory surgery (her words, not mine.)\n\nThank you in advance!", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2487889", "score": 0.7039856314659119, "text": "I've seen posts on r/all and people are talking about how US healthcare is super expensive because it's privatized and then looking to Canadian and UK healthcare systems which are more socialized. How can I argue to defend a less/not regulated healthcare system?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-173243", "score": 0.6994810700416565, "text": "Some numbers for you. (As of 2016) The U.S. spends almost $10,000 per person on health care, presumably much of that comes straight from individuals. Canada specifically spent almost $5,000 per person on health care. On the assumption that we could copy the Canadian model on a per cost basis, we would simply increase taxes to meet the $5k and let people pocket the rest that they would have spent themselves. It's basically changing the source of the money from individuals and Medicare/Medicaid and moving it into a tax. So the money is easily found because it's not an added expense, it's actually a reduction in overall expenses.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2488239", "score": 0.6932156682014465, "text": "First of all, I don’t want to spark a debate about the US healthcare system. I’m just typing this because it’s been on my mind recently and I’d like to hear medical experiences some of you have had outside of America with universal healthcare—both pros and cons!\n\nA few days ago, I read a thread on Reddit about a young man with terminal cancer that had snuck up without many symptoms. Some of the replies involved people lamenting that they couldn’t go to doctors to get worrying symptoms checked out, because they couldn’t afford it. Several people from Canada replied that they were always surprised and saddened when reading things like that, and gave some examples of the excellent care their relatives have received under Canadian healthcare. \n\nThis piqued my interest, and I did some cursory research, particularly into the “problems” of Canada’s healthcare I’d heard about. (This article in particular was helpful, and refutes some of the commonly asserted problems It also calls their system “socialized insurance,” rather than “socialized medicine,” which is an interesting distinction.) \n\nAnyway, their system (and that of almost every other developed industrialized country) looks highly attractive. Especially since America is the only developed country where healthcare has bankrupted people. So, while considering a life with such a program, I realized: **the main reason I worry about saving money and pursuing a stable, well-paying job instead of something I might enjoy more, is my country’s healthcare system.**\n\n\nWhen I was younger, I had severe OCD and had to go to a treatment center. Even with medical insurance, my family ended up paying several thousand dollars (possibly close to ten thousand, but I would have to check.) My father’s had regular medical procedures and tests for the past 5~ years, plus takes medication every day. Again, though we have insurance, these still cost some money. So I’m definitely aware of possibility of unexpected medical expenses popping up, potentially derailing my life. But before now, I really didn’t realize how much it affected my motivation to save. I’m pretty low maintenance… enough money for bills, groceries, with a little extra left over sounds great. If I don’t need to worry about having to pay for unforeseen illnesses. I’m just surprised how much more relaxed and at ease I feel when thinking about living without the worry of future medical bills.\n\n\n**So, what bad or good experiences have you had with socialized/universal healthcare recently?** I know (at least in Canada) there can be long waits for non-life-threatening/elective procedures, but I’m not too worried about that as long as it means patients with serious problems can get attention sooner.\n\n\n\n**Edit:** Thanks for so many interesting comments and stories! Please keep them coming!\n\nIf anyone's interested in comments from specific countries, here're a few from different regions...\n\n\nAustralia: \n\n\nNew Zealand: \nGermany: \n\nUK: \n\n\n\n (Works in a UK hospital, open to questions)\n\nAustria: \nCanada:\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAmerica:\n \n\n\n", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-140095", "score": 0.6920560598373413, "text": "Canadians pay taxes. These taxes are used, in part, by the federal government to form a healthcare budget. Money from this budget is allocated out to provincial organizations. Doctors and hospitals are paid out of this fund. When a Canadian goes to the doctor, they don't pay anything (except in rare circumstances). The bill is sent by the doctor to the province instead. We still pay for prescriptions, unless you have an insurance plan that covers them (usually through work). Dental and eyeglasses are not covered (again, unless you have insurance). Things like massage therapy, chiropractic, etc are usually not covered. There are also a lot of experimental drugs and cancer therapies that may not be covered. For the most part though, regular exams, surgeries, hospital stays, etc are all covered for free.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-710247", "score": 0.6915790438652039, "text": "The People's Party of Canada’s platform for the October 2019 general election will be progressively unveiled in the coming weeks. Today, we invite you to read our policy proposal onHealth Care.\n\nThe PPC offers the most developed platform and the best policies. Our party will grow if more Canadians hear our message. If you know anyone who might be interested in today's topic, send them this email.\n\nHealth Care: Giving provinces the incentives to deal with wait times and rising costs\n\nIssue:\n\nCanada’s public health care system has the dubious distinction of having the worst wait times of any developed country. Health care costs have been increasing at an unsustainable rate, putting more and more financial pressures on the budgets of provincial governments. The situation is likely to get worse with Canada’s aging population.\n\nHealthcare is an exclusive provincial jurisdiction. However, for years the federal government has insisted that the provinces satisfy a series of conditions set in the Canada Health Act in exchange for transfer payments. These conditions discourage innovation. Also, the money does not directly fund health care services. It is simply added to the provinces’ budgets and they decide where and how they spend it.\n\nAll this confusion and undue interference leads to bickering between Ottawa and the provinces over who is responsible for the failings of our health care system, and how much money Ottawa should contribute. It prevents the implementation of sound reforms.\n\nFacts:\n\nCanada is among the OECD countries that spend the most on health care. Ottawa’s health care transfers to the provinces have doubled since 2006, from $20 billion to $40 billion in 2019-20, with nothing to show for it.\n\nThe fundamental problem is that we are the only developed country where the government has a monopoly on medically required care. All other OECD countries have mixed private-public systems and (with the exception of the United States) universal systems that guarantee citizens equal access.\n\nPatients in these countries have a lot more choice than Canadians. They can be treated in public or private hospitals, with the government or their private insurance paying for the treatment. Wait times are non-existent or very short, and nobody is denied care because of low income.\n\nOur plan:\n\nIt is up to the provinces to implement reforms in line with the more efficient and less costly mixed universal systems of other developed countries. Throwing more federal money at the problem is not the right approach. On the contrary, it is part of the problem. Provincial governments will never make the tough decisions if they can always blame Ottawa for not sending enough money. We must end the current confusion over who does what and who is responsible for the problem.\n\nA People’s Party government will:\n\nReplace the Canada Health Transfer cash payments with a permanent transfer of tax points of equivalent value to the provinces and territories, to give them a stable source of revenue. In practice, Ottawa will give up its Goods and Services Tax (GST), and let provincial and territorial governments occupy this fiscal room. In 2019-20, the GST is expected to bring in $40 billion in revenues, the same amount currently transferred by Ottawa.Establish a temporary program to compensate poorer provinces whose revenues from the tax will be lower than the transfer payments they used to receive.Create the conditions for provincial and territorial governments to innovate. They will be fully responsible for health care funding and management, and fully accountable to their citizens for the results, while Ottawa will respect the Constitution and stop meddling.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-42200", "score": 0.6915627717971802, "text": "Obamacare is a catch-all term relating to the changes to the healthcare system done via the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. It isn't a system really in itself. Medicare is a healthcare system where the elderly can have a portion of their healthcare costs paid by a government organization which is funded from most citizens every paycheck. Medicaid is similar, except it's for the poor/disabled.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-2810856", "score": 0.6895259022712708, "text": "I know that's a rather unpopular opinion on here (so I'm posting in the right subreddit), and I'm also going to make some points to defend this viewpoint (also what I'm supposed to do). Despite these things though, downvotes will still flood in, arguably unjustifiably so, but regardless I welcome them with open arms 😂 I'm just here to have an honest discussion about both sides!\n\nFirst before I dive into this, I want to be clear that I'm referring to \"healthcare\" in a very comprehensive way. In the United States, the ER will treat your emergency (or even non emergency) every single time if you're in need and have no money. They are not like a creditor that will turn you down if you don't pay up. They literally will see you endlessly, and HAVE to according to the law. This applies to the entire population equally. I'm a healthcare professional and have worked in several hospitals and I can assure you they just write that debt off. \n\nSecondly, the majority of the low income and disabled population in the United States have Medicaid which for all intents and purposes IS free healthcare. Yes, I'm aware that some Medicaid plans literally have a $1 premium per month but for the purpose of this it's free healthcare and it's treated as such. I'm not arguing for cutting Medicaid or expanding it, that would need to be an entirely different post. It's just important that you understand that from a cost standpoint, the United States actually offers FREE healthcare to far more people than Canada does. We offer free healthcare to approximately 80 million people while Canada isn't even offering it to half as many people. The entire population of Canada is less than 40 million. \n\nSo what's been established so far? We've established that in the United States technically anyone, but especially the poor and disabled, have the means to be cared for medically if they're poor enough or if they're emergent enough - regardless of circumstance. So no, people don't \"die in the streets\" because our healthcare isn't universal. \n\nMy argument is that in the United States, a country with nearly 400 million people, making ALL of healthcare (which represents a fifth of our entire economy) free is just a terrible idea economically, and no you don't have the right to a free check up twice a year paid for by the tax payers. \n\nIn the U.S. you have a right a lot of things. You have a right to privacy, you have a right to free speech, you have a right to religious beliefs, many would agree you have the right to own a firearm. What is NOT within your right is literally FORCING somebody else to provide a service to you. Shelter, clothing and food are needs of arguably even greater importance than routine healthcare. Even so, you don't have the right to demand clothing stores make you free clothes (via taxes), demand restaurants give you free food (via taxes), or demand developers build you a free house etc. It's so far beyond common sense. Even poor people don't technically have the right to any those things, they have a privilege to them (likewise in healthcare). Hopefully we're all decent enough to provide the truly needy with what they need most, but please understand the difference between a right to it and charity. The end result is the people in need still get cared for, but there's a difference between having the right to something or privilege to it.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-49318", "score": 0.6886163353919983, "text": "Certified Canadian here. Our taxes pay for hospital care. In the event that you get into an accident, get sick, or you're having a baby, it's all free. To get prescriptions you need private healthcare or to pay out of pocket. Same goes for dental.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-40501", "score": 0.6880538463592529, "text": "Medicare is insurance -- it is a program that pays medical bills. Obamacare is simply a series of government mandates designed to make sure that more people have insurance -- it does not pay any medical bills. Instead, it takes away some of the ability of insurance companies to turn people down just because they might actually use the insurance (pre-existing conditions), it makes it easier for children to stay on their parents' insurance policies (to age 26), and it offers minor tax penalties if you opt not to have insurance.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-166255", "score": 0.6878877282142639, "text": "First of all, Obamacare's Proper name is the Affordable Care Act. It's a law passed in Congress. The core statement in this law is the Individual Mandate, which says that, by law, all US citizens must have healthcare or suffer tax penalties. The rest of this law is a series of actions meant to make getting healthcare easier and more affordable. This includes the Marketplace, which allows citizens to so pare healthcare providers by price and coverage, and subsidies made available to people whose income prevents them from affording healthcare normally.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-201", "score": 0.7955535054206848, "text": "If you're referring to the time gap between Android and iOS releases, the answer is because of Apple. Things get on the Android market very easily and quickly, because the Android market is cool. Apple has dozens of excessive rules and guidelines that they strictly enforce, so they actually look through the app/code. This takes time, so they usually push the update to Android and iOS at the same time, and Apple takes forever to approve. edit: of course this doesn't mean that Android doesn't have or enforce guidelines. They just aren't ridiculous like Apple's." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-175068", "score": 0.7456081509590149, "text": "Sometimes this is because the studio developing the game has singed an exclusivity agreement with that console's marketing department. Often times these agreements have some sort of expiration date after which they can release the game on other systems. There are pretty much never such agreements for a PC game, which means that either the game will drop on all platforms at once, or it will drop on just one platform, then wait many months before it goes to others if at all. On the other side of the coin I actually play a game where the PC updates are released as soon as they're done, but then the update for consoles has to go through the QA process for those console's stores, so the console update can be weeks to months behind the PC update.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-447929", "score": 0.7419649958610535, "text": "I'm not sure if this has been brought up in the past and if it has, my apologies as I'm relatively new to the sub. But I think we should appreciate how well the games of Supercell are coded. Their games, COC in particular, are generally bug-free and really user-friendly. The app has never heated my phone too much, used much RAM, used much data, never ran into any user errors or whatever. I know the game isn't perfect(occasional weird Archer Queen AI), but for a mobile game with such complexity, COC is really well designed.\n\n-A fellow programmer and gamer\n\nEdit: A lot of people shit on the fact that I said \"generally bug-free\". I'd like to clarify that I intenionally added \"generally\" to not assert that the game's coding is 100% perfect because it isn't(I even said that the game isn't perfect).", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-24754", "score": 0.7417315244674683, "text": "There's a few good reasons. There's better media coverage during the week, so you're more likely to get press for your release than you would over the weekend. Second, a lot of times with game releases, there's server issues/emergency patches as problems become apparent when a large number of players come online at once. The first few days after launch are generally pretty busy for the dev team, and they'd probably prefer to be doing that work during the week rather than the weekend. And if you release a game on Tuesday, people can still play it all weekend, they just have to wait a few days first.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-450508", "score": 0.7389603853225708, "text": "Apologies in advance if already discussed on this subreddit.\n\nSo android now has an iOS style build review, and the documentation says that \"new developers\" would take up to a week for their build to get approved. However it is unclear what is considered a new developer and if this pertains to new games uploaded to Play Store or if it applies to updates too. I believe this was rolled out in the US in September, but has now reached us in India.\n\nOne of our app updates has been in review for a week now. Reaching out to Google India support hasn't helped, as \"the review is happening in the US we can't really influence that\"\n\nThe app isn't new, has been around for about 2 years and has several million downloads. This app isn't designed for kids. We aren't a new developer either, we've been around for years and are a regular on south asian / SEA top charts. so we're a little confused as to why this update is taking so long. Additional confusion because this is the only one out of our 3 major titles facing review, the other 2 don't have a review at all, we can release whenever we want.\n\n \n\n\nHence the question to android game devs here, are your app ***updates*** subject to review? How long does it take in your experience? Have you had to increase your QA investment because bug fixes aren't that quick to roll out anymore? If you have a data point on the same for a large company (say a Zynga or a Rovio) that would be helpful to know too.\n\n \n\n\nThanks, and sorry again if this is a repeat topic.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1812550", "score": 0.7384747266769409, "text": "This is mostly on iphone in my experience i just find it weird that the updates wouldnt be included with the games download itself", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1448624", "score": 0.7374588251113892, "text": "IMHO I'd rather have an update that is stable and playable but no new features, than an update that has new features, but is completely unplayable and having the fear of opening my world, and since android doesn't have export I can't do that. I am crying right now on how broken 1.2.13 is... It's fine if iOS has to wait. 1.3 is anyway going to come out shortly.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1448234", "score": 0.734569251537323, "text": "We are launching a mobile game soon. Because of this, I was curious what experience people here in /r/gamedev have had with launching on iOS first then Android (or visa versa) after or, if it is better to launch a mobile game on both platforms at once.\n\nMy thoughts are that it can go two ways with a staggered launch. The launch on the first platform can lead into hype/anticipation on the 2nd platform launch, or if received badly by the public it can hurt the 2nd platform.\n\nHas anyone had some experience to share with this topic, i.e. have had a staggered launch and a simultaneous one with a different or same title?", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2215397", "score": 0.7330732345581055, "text": "It looks like Android will be completed first. I wanted to ask any devs with dual releases, what their experience has been. And if there's any advantage in releasing together on the same day, or separately. Thanks.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1150147", "score": 0.7327294945716858, "text": "I don't mean to hate on the game. I love it. But I can't understand why supercell is so slow to do anything with it. I feel like, with the core gameplay that they have already developed, they could experiment with a lot of new game modes or maps or anything, really. That's kinda the idea of a beta, right? And that's why the game has been in beta for so long, to release it only when it is perfect - or great at least -. Again, I don't mean to hate. I'm just looking for an explanation, since I think that supercell is wasting a lot of potential with brawl stars.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-35741", "score": 0.731633186340332, "text": "It takes a lot of effort to port the same app to multiple platforms because they don't use the same underlying interfaces. It's like asking why my Canadian tax software doesn't also just magically handle Australian code.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-53142", "score": 0.7304090261459351, "text": "They have an early version of the console that they work on, which is close enough that they can do work on the game. As the release gets closer they get updated versions that are closer to the actual system.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2675980", "score": 0.7291890978813171, "text": "SuperCell said that an update will be 3 month+, what does it means? Is this real? What are they going to do in 3 month+? Android maybe? Does that means that there will be a new update around new year? Supercell !!! You guys have to tell us your plan, and we might be able to help you, do not learn from Clash Royale, the new updat sucks!!!", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-149651", "score": 0.7250537276268005, "text": "They get special dev kits. Release date is just a day where product will be in stores, besides most assetes can be made in advance.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1448487", "score": 0.7227599024772644, "text": "Devs, it is isn’t hard to stop server responses from crashing the app. IOS in my case. \n\nAre you actually trying to solve the problems? Every release is a resounding no.\n\nIt really isn’t that difficult to handle responses.\n\nAnd why do you not release to IOS as often as you do to Android?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2082580", "score": 0.7189953327178955, "text": "The only thing I’ve noticed on iOS so far (a part from the cooler icon and the different build number lol) is that there’s a 0.1s delay between the notifications coming from the 2 different apps.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-97183", "score": 0.7186117768287659, "text": "Because it's easier for them, and no one really complains about it. They *could* structure the app so that smaller parts of the app could be updated individually without having to redownload the entire app. Or they could wait longer between updates and roll all the changes up into one 150mb change every 3 months. But everyone happily downloads those 150mb every time, so they don't really have an incentive to do anything about it. And for them, it's simpler to just ship a new copy of everything any time they make even the smallest change.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1131736", "score": 0.7170870304107666, "text": "Once again we have a highly underwhelming, buggy, poorly thought out update with cringe UI changes from the CR dev team and Drew’s latest post gives the but we are a small team (who all really love the game) excuse again.\n\nSUPERCELL is a $10 billion company (valued 2016 in Tencent acquisition) with around 323 employees and a 2019 revenue of $1.56 billion. It is different from other companies in that the dev teams don’t have a boss and this is exactly what Drew points to in his recent reply:\n\n \n\n“from our live ops person to our player support lead to our artists we all have a say on what does (or does not) go into the update.“\n\n“We don't have bosses as such and we are all on equal footing on the team. we have a 'default to trust' policy where we have to assume everyone on the team is also looking out for the best interests of the game and the players.”\n\n“\\[Updates\\] requires a team consensus, but we do not have a 'boss' telling us what to do.”\n\nThis reinforces what was written by Supercell co-founder and CEO Paananen \n\n“A major component of our mission – i.e. to be the best place for the best teams to develop games – involves keeping the company as small as possible,” Paananen wrote. “This is because we believe smaller size minimizes the amount of bureaucracy and processes while maximizing room for innovation. And, we all simply like to work in a smaller company! Anyway, last year some of our game developers actually got concerned that the company might be getting too big too fast as we grew to just over 300 in size. We had a big discussion about this and, as a result, decided to slow down our growth significantly until we feel confident that we can keep our culture intact despite the  growth.”\n\n\n\nI get that this philosophy is how the SUPERCELL company has been built and that it has contributed in great measure to its initial success, however, at this stage, a tiny stale dev team is clearly just crippling innovation and basic competence (no matter how much they love their game). SUPERCELL choose to have these small teams, but then use this as the excuse for issues. I honestly think members of the CR dev team would not actually survive in the pressure of a normal corporate structure of working for a boss, deadlines, accountability and competence. They would have been all fired ages ago, but due to the freemium business model and them initially creating a decent game that addicts people into spending billions they are essentially unaccountable. \n\nAll this combined with the “equal footing” philosophy has led this dev team appearing to live in a self-congratulatory echo chamber without a proper challenge network. Some of the issues are so glaringly obvious within seconds of release of an update, there must be no one with a strong enough voice to challenge the team group think. A great leader/boss and competent visionary is an asset to any team and the CR team is in desperate desperate need of one. Having a boss is a good thing. It adds a structure of accountability to the rest of the team. It’s their job on the line to get things done and right, and so on down the corporate structure. A dev team being unaccountable with no bosses and paying players addicted with sunk cost upgrading is not proving to be enough of a motivation. \n\n\nWe can ask ourselves if governments made freemium upgrade addiction business model illegal tomorrow how long would SUPERCELL games survive on the strength of their game-play and updates alone? I could be pretty sure if that happened and they couldn’t ride on the monthly ‘pass tax’ for upgrading, actual decent game-play updates would suddenly come a lot quicker and be of much higher quality. \n\n\nSUPERCELL you make billions of dollars, and have revenues close to other companies that afford tens of thousands of employees. You can do a lot better than this for a Clash Royale update that took this long to release.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-683652", "score": 0.7154558897018433, "text": "Just having a lucky egg session when i was forced to update on android. A friend also confirmed for ios.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2673975", "score": 0.7148265242576599, "text": "If you don’t know already, the Epic Games Launcher tries to read, download AND install updates and games at the same time, which in turn, makes the process unnecessarily long. Me and the rest of the community would love to see this changed.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-841451", "score": 0.711995542049408, "text": "I just wonder why at this point because there’s a much bigger player base with bedrock spanning across multiple systems, plus bedrock is far easier for systems to run, whereas Java can often be stuttery depending on one’s PC.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-202", "score": 0.7040293216705322, "text": "Cop here. Truly \"bad\" cops don't want to get caught. If they're doing something shady, they're probably hiding it. A couple other factors: Police departments operate independently from one another. I have nothing to do with the department in the next town over, let alone across County or state lines. Even within the same department, you'll have your own beat. You'll go most of the day without interacting with your fellow officers. I work in a department with over 1700 sworn officers. I see about 10 of them a day, and only 2 or 3 of them will I actuality go on calls with in my response area." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-157708", "score": 0.6687542796134949, "text": "The police are getting a lot of surplus military hardware, and can get easy funding by saying it's for \"antiterrorism\", and once you have that gear, you want to use it. \"When all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.\" Plus, they are cultivating a public image that's kind of like the military, and want to live up to it. Let me direct you to this _URL_1_ article which sums it up really nicely: _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2807377", "score": 0.6686837673187256, "text": "Police services are a bit of a stretch since they protect people and property from other people, but firemen protect people and property from nature. Is it such a big leap to protect people from the nature of disease?\n\nI'm not pro single-payer so I'd appreciate no name calling.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1020975", "score": 0.6686023473739624, "text": "Just had an argument on a subreddit over another 'thank you for your service' fest after somebody offhandedly mentioned they were in Afghanistan and this came to mind. People pretty much unanimously respect the military and hail them as heroes but feelings are mixed towards the police. Both equally put their lives on the line for their country, most people in the military don't see combat just as most cops don't patrol dangerous neighborhoods, and both have the potential to violate people's rights. The only difference I see between the two is that the military is out policing in someone Else's country whereas the cops have a degree of power over people over here.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-484605", "score": 0.6683337688446045, "text": "I'm not trying to justify the officers' actions in this case. Duante should have not died and his death is a tragedy. I am just curious what would have been the better response by the police in this situation. Thanks.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-353406", "score": 0.6682217121124268, "text": "Every time I watch (mostly action) films involving Police they're either being awkward, making more hard work, making enemies out of the 'good guys' I dunno. Police make the world a better place but in films they are always deemed to be making things worse. Any particular reason? Thanks in advance:)\n\n**Edit:** Okay Mostly Portrayed, not always\n\n**Edit 2:** So instead of shooting me down and telling me it's not every movie is anyone gonna answer my fucking question?!", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-1534669", "score": 0.6681212782859802, "text": "I am mostly talking about the police officers. I'm moving to Chicago next summer and I couldn't be more excited. However, the question has been in the back of my mind for a while.\n\nI'm black and white and I never had any problem with my skin color. I don't define who I am by it and can live beyond it. \n\nSo I just have this feeling I will run into problems with police maybe for looking a certain way. I don't dress like a criminal or anything but I've read some horror stories along with the articles about the rise of police brutality.\n\nI just want to know some of your opinions and thoughts. How are the police? How are the people!?\n\nNote: I'm going to move there regardless but I just want to be prepared. Also, I plan on living on the northern side.\n\nThanks!", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2739657", "score": 0.6680620312690735, "text": "Ready that anger, standby and read first. I've been both vet &amp; cop. Proud of both. One is not like the other. \n\nVeterans join the military out of duty and service to our country. When war hits, our function becomes very binary. In combat there is no gray area, either you kill or be killed. The men &amp; women with whom you serve align with the simple goal of winning a war. You serve alongside your fellow soldiers and feel like family, however dysfunctional it may be, but the bond of purpose and mission is always clear. \n\nBecoming a cop is different. I know its seems like a fluid transition from one institution to the other, but its not. I imagine some of you younger readers, fresh out of military... taking police exams... getting extra points for military service... excited to continue \"service\"... illusions/romanticizing detective stuff... the following decades will not be kind to you. \n\nThe cop family is very weak. The job has changed and will continue to change for at least two generations, and not in a good way. Society is seeing all the bad parts of itself. Cops always have known how \"bad\" it is out there, yet the common man (teachers, bankers, office workers, regular people) always had this \"idea\" of what violence and crime fighting was. Modern circumstances are showing these people what crime fighting is... its ugly/messy/violent... and in the midst of all this is the mandate to hold police accountable for doing a job that at its core is ugly/messy/violent. Policing people, human engagement can never be accomplished with laser precision. \n\nIt will take decades, generations of society, to reconcile the true dangerous nature of ourselves. Until that time though police personnel/agencies/institutions will continue to cannibalize themselves by blaming \"rogue\" cops or poor training or underlying biases. I advise veterans should not go into law enforcement because it is not a healthy industry to get into. You want to get into public service, become a firefighter, become a politician, go to school, learn a trade, get into IT, become a teacher, anything but a cop. Your future self will thank you for it. \n\nCurrent events are shedding light on the future of law enforcement. Everyone has a story of an asshole cop... well perhaps an asshole cop is probably an asshole because he doesn't want to get shot while drinking his coffee in a cruiser. The perspective of always being on guard is not told and not care for in our culture of blame and accusation. People throw race around like its the answer, yet no thought is given to what happens when police are themselves black/latino and force is still used as part of the job. Long post, yes, but a deep understanding of the risks should be considered by vets. It won't be long before public anger towards policing practices bleed into military service and blame is assigned to PTSD experiences... you are forewarned young men. Cast your future wisely.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-484813", "score": 0.6680024266242981, "text": "What could be done to decrease criminality and recidivism and generally improve outcomes? \n\nDo you think our situation is purely a result of the character, temperament, and morality of the citizens? Or are the laws / LE / corrections systems causing problems? \n\n\nAlso: Thanks for being out there dealing with them so we don't have to.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-55000", "score": 0.6677810549736023, "text": "I think it's because cops are trained to prepare for worst case scenario, but I'm also interested in input from someone who is trained law enforcement.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-110120", "score": 0.6673832535743713, "text": "For good or bad, most jurisdictions in the US give officers the ability to use quite a bit of force if they have a reason to believe that their lives or the lives of bystanders are in immediate danger. Even if video evidence shows that there was no imminent danger, the officer's testimony that they *believed* themselves to be in danger (possible weapon, verbal threat, etc)can be enough to justify it, according to those rules. So even if the video shows that a perpetrator didn't have a gun, the cop saying \"He reached into his pocket, like he was grabbing a gun\" could be enough to protect him, in many cases. This isn't always a bad thing, but has certainly been the cause of many very unnecessary tragedies in the past few years alone.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1910820", "score": 0.6671525835990906, "text": "If you don't know, Derek Chauvin was just convicted of murdering George Floyd last May. He even received a second degree murder conviction. I personally think he did nothing wrong and should have been set free and given an apology. However, that isn't the point of this post.\n\nHis conviction sets a very bad precedent. Police officers all over this country have a very difficult job. They must deal with the absolute worst that society has to offer, and they are the line of defense keeping communities everywhere safe from criminals. Occasionally, they must make tough decisions so they can defend themselves from someone who decides they don't want to accept their arrest. \n\nWith this verdict, it will be harder for cops to defend themselves. This will make our police and our communities less safe. Chauvin was simply doing his job, but the woke hysteria in this country took him down. We need to support our police more than ever.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-490455", "score": 0.667141854763031, "text": "Like it says on the tin. It seems like a lot of people in the socialist/communist SR's have a generally favorable view of killing cops. (There's a thread praising the Dallas shootings somewhere, for example.)\n\nBut why? I can't seem to find an actual explanation. Surely you can't argue that *every* cop in America is a trigger happy racist and deserves to die. That's just fallacious.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2738930", "score": 0.6671369671821594, "text": "And a LGBT snowflake, it's real funny actually. You can generalize an entire group of people- a group of people so vast and responsible for saving billions of lives and solving so many cases- but the moment someone generalize *you* it's a crime.\n\nNever-mind the fact there's a bunch of black cops in the field and they can be assholes, just like everyone in the world can be an asshole due to... Oh I don't know... Skin color not mattering? \n\nLike what, do you need me to show you all the times a nurse intentionally killed someone? Or a doctor? Hell, how about a chief?\n\nThey act real entailed and pretending the police here are the most corrupt people ever, it's insulting. Go to Brazil, go to the UK. Go to Mexico. Go to ANYWHERE besides here and see how long you can last tryna riot like a bunch of retards.\n\nAnd it's funny because these people miss the big picture, shouldn't it be the justice system's fault? Not the cops?? Yeah the cop killed him but the justice system failed yet again in the beginning. Youse act like the justice system only fails when it comes to a certain race but that's not the case at all, dear god. Do you know true crime? Do you know all the cases out there? Hell, it goes beyond murder too. It is actually pretty crazy, yet no one wants to do anything besides Slackvism and extremism. \n\nAnd the cases I see of all the other black people are all the same few cases, while they compare it to 'white man' cases but the comparisons I see make no sense at all. It's mostly shooters being compared to people who did nothing wrong, like how does that prove anything? I can do the same for white people who did nothing wrong versus black people shooters. Like what? You think the cops shouldve killed them too? An active shooter? Do you watch too many movies or something? Cops cant go around killing people randomly and its rare they do (in America). Especially not ya know.... An active shooter with a lethal weapon where most of the time it can leave to a shoot-out, and shoot-outs are not as simple as they make it out to be in the movies. \n\nIts not like these people know any real issues though, all they wanna do is make themselves seem 'woke' and pretend they're fighting for a cause when really they make things worst and try to remove the real problems we have. Why give actual effort when you can whine like a baby online and start riots? LOL\n\nIdk, its just annoying because there are real problems we have. REAL complicated shit that could use fixing, that could solve so much stuff, but nope! Thats too much effort.\n\nI'm tired of hearing about it. If you think thats the case, then you are lazy and ignorant. I'm not saying America is perfect, im saying the people here can be so fucking dense when it comes to solving the problems we DO have. The deep-seed rooted problems that are simply not black and white.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-488852", "score": 0.6670767068862915, "text": "So... turncoats, traitors, whistleblowers, officers, grunts, vietnam, stand downs, veterans, insubordinates, etc. etc.\n\nCan't Corner the Dorner, remember? If he was even real.\n\nLooking for things like... stopped a police backed pedophile ring, supported protestors, internally acted to bring down corruption, ousted corrupt politicians... any and everything. Acts of conscience. \n\nThanks!", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-509023", "score": 0.667040228843689, "text": "You don't HAVE to work for the police to anwer, this question can also be answered by lawyers or doctors/nurses, firemen, etc. if you guys too feel the need to share your stories :)", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-118269", "score": 0.6669376492500305, "text": "A lot of people believe they can fool the police, or that asking for a lawyer will be used as evidence of guilt. Or they don't properly invoke and stick to their right to remain silent, and the police goad them into talking.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-95003", "score": 0.6667543053627014, "text": "They probably should, but the logistics behind having a division devoted solely to policing nearby police departments just don't work out. Having to have your cops go elsewhere and investigate another department's affairs is difficult, and takes time and money that most police departments lack. Instead, they keep a (theoretically) separate Internal Affairs division that is supposed to police their own.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-511315", "score": 0.6667138934135437, "text": "I was wondering if there had ever been a successful defense that went something like this:\n\nThe police officer showed up and began acting so irrational ,so belligerent, and so outside protocol that I reasonably suspected I was not dealing with a police officer which is why I resisted arrest.\n\n\nHow difficult would it be to argue that the officers behavior was so un police-like that the officer could not be taken seriously by observers ?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-11140", "score": 0.6666684746742249, "text": "It could go either way. It could mean that police are less likely to engage in misconduct because everything they do is being monitored. Without the cameras, the police are more likely to be supported because they are seen as doing their job. There are also times when the police initiate the misconduct by intentionally provoking people.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1339710", "score": 0.6665574908256531, "text": "Imagine government decides to cut out law enforcement. Companies that offer security services emerge. Payments work like car insurance.\nThese companies compete with each other, so the consumer gets good quality security for a low price.\n\nInstead of calling 911, you call a provided service number, or you open a phone application when you need protection. If their service sucks, you switch to another security service company. \n\nThis eliminates 1. Police brutality 2. Ignored requests due to low priority 3 bad cops overall", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-203", "score": 0.7892066240310669, "text": "Simply expressing support would not be sufficient to try someone for treason even back in war times. That would be deeply unpopular, but not treason unless you'd do something *material* in regards to the enemy war effort. For example, you can look at organizations like German American Bund or British Union of Fascists. In general, their organized activities were prohibited during the war and leaders were detained for various issues; but the detained people, as a rule, were not tried for treason and the vast majority of their members (tens of thousands of them!) weren't tried for anything ever." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-225274", "score": 0.7496542930603027, "text": "All the remaining high-ranking Nazis that didn't escape the allies were tried during the Nuremberg Trials (_URL_0_). Hitler would have been sentenced to death for crimes against humanity and genocide amongst others.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-485814", "score": 0.7369735836982727, "text": "1. When did people start organizing under the Nazi ideology in the United States. I know there have always been skinheads, but I had always thought they were hicks unable to mobilize.\n \n2. Aren't we technically still at war with the Nazis? I understand that organizations such as the KKK are protected under the first amendment. However, didn't we wage war against the nazi regime, and aren't we still convicting members of the nazi regime in court? I was wondering if there beliefs and order are protected under the first amendment? \n\nSorry to get political. It's 3 am, I'm drunk, and I'm really pissed off and confused as to why these people can do what they are doing.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-188054", "score": 0.7329546809196472, "text": "The International Criminal Court in the Hague. This is an offshoot of the UN and has its roots in the Nuremberg trials after World War 2. After we won the war, we put Nazis accused of war crimes on trial at Nuremberg. Those that were convicted were sentenced to imprisonment or death. In theory, that's precisely what the ICC would do. In practice, however, it's somewhat moot, partly because the US will never allows our own people to be tried there no matter what they did and the US has enough power to make it impossible to enforce things upon us, and partly because the modern paradigm of \"war\" is against unrecognized groups that don't qualify, from the US's viewpoint, for Geneva protections and instead are tried here or held indefinitely in our prisons, and no one but us seems to be going around capturing people in battle, so there's very little for the ICC to do. They did prosecute war criminals from the Balkan wars in the 1990s, though.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-36664", "score": 0.7324076890945435, "text": "There were trials. You can look up the Nuremberg trials. The Western allies set up a unified government called West Germany. The nazi party was banned. But a person could have belonged to the party and not ve prosecuted. Belonging to the party was not grounds for prosecution. Specific acts done during the war were grounds for trials. Having been a member of the Nazi party did affect the future career of a war survivor. Military officials quick to hire natives to administer Germany were often criticized for hiring Nazis. Generally they said they hired competent people.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-487908", "score": 0.7317662239074707, "text": "Or were they? What little I know is that most went on to live profitable happy lives. To some extent, that the commanders and politicians were not brought before the Supreme Court for war crimes, traitorism, etc contributes to their heroic mythos in the south to this day, doesn't it? I mean, openly rebelling and waging war against the federal government could be seen as a war crime right?\n\nAt Nuremberg the opinion was that it certainly was(granted the Nazi party lied, murdered, and coerced it's way into power)..\n\nAnyway, it just crossed my mind. Thanks!", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-228797", "score": 0.7272531986236572, "text": "This source isn't the most respected amongst historians so forgive me, but William Shirer wrote that it was due to the trial's conservative judges and their political sympathies with Hitler. \"The consequences of committing high treason, if you were a man of the extreme Right, were not unduly heavy, despite the law\" Apparently he also defended himself extremely well and dominated the courtroom during trial. (69)", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-69825", "score": 0.725686252117157, "text": "A lot of people fought against the Nazis, and a lot of them were killed or imprisoned. Once the Nazi government was in charge things actually got better for a lot of people for a while, and security was brutal, so anti-nazi activities were extremely limited and confined almost entirely to communist and anarchist underground groups.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-93586", "score": 0.7221537828445435, "text": "War is seen as a necessity. The idea is that sometimes, we have to do things we don't like doing - because not doing them would be even worse. Hitler running all over Europe, killing every Jew, Gypsy, cripple or otherwise undesirable in sight can easily be seen as a pretty bad thing. Now, a war to stop him is also a pretty bad thing, and we should prefer just talking to the likes of Hitler in a reasonable voice and see where that gets us. Often, not very far, and he keeps killing people at the time. Lots of them. The laws about war, essentially, boil down to \"oh, alright, if you absolutely have to go and kill a lot of people, then that's what you have to do. But doing *this*, or *that* or the other thing with the bucket and the corkscrew ... that would make you just as bad as the thing you're up against, and we'd rather have the really bad guys not be on our side, thank you very much.\"", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-211532", "score": 0.7179279327392578, "text": "They didn't hunt the nazis. The officially demanded extradition. [Sometimes it was granted](_URL_3_) but sometimes, if the Americans have deemed the nationalist thinker somehow useful, they would claim that it is slander, and grant him [protection](_URL_4_).", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2609754", "score": 0.7165316343307495, "text": "How can something be internationally illegal if you are at war? For instance, why couldn't Germany kill PoWs? What's stopping them?\n\nEDIT: or, for instance, choosing not to destroy certain types of buildings? There are many more", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-96301", "score": 0.7151288986206055, "text": "\"Nazi\" is being used in very different senses in these situations. There is a big difference between \"High ranking member of the SS/Concentration camp guard\", \"Guy who voted for the national socialist party in the 30s\", \"Soldier who was conscripted to fight in the war\", and \"person who was alive in Germany in the 40s\". The guys hiding in South America are high ranking officials or war criminals. A HUGE percentage of the population of Germany in the 30s and 40s was involved in the war effort to some extent. No one really blames the 17 year old who was drafted for fighting in the war. They obviously couldn't ALL be tried and prosecuted, and in fact no one would even want to. These guys may be \"Nazi's\" in a sense, but can't really be compared", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-177731", "score": 0.7119223475456238, "text": "In short” I was just following orders” is not a legitimate defense because we humans have agency. And nobody put a gun to their heads and forced them to commit mass atrocities. In fact, many of those responsible volunteered and were members of the nazi party and SS. I think duress can be a legitimate defense but let’s not kid ourselves. The Nazis prosecuted at Nuremberg made clear choices every step of the way.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2739479", "score": 0.7114312648773193, "text": "Jewish people have been persecuted throughout humanity. In the late 1920’s to early 1930’s, Anti Semitic (Jewish) propaganda began to be distributed. A large percentage of this propaganda was pumped out via workers parties. The same kind of worker’s party that Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels headlined.\n\nFast forward half a decade and the Reich’s political “enemies” are being held in concentration camp. A few more years and “enemies of the state: Jewish, Gypsies, homosexuals, etc”, are LITERALLY being hunted down. Some in rural areas, but a TON in urban Jewish neighborhoods. Imagine that, whole neighborhoods in the land that you call home, being herded out. \n\nThe first time political prisoners and Jewish people are gassed, they’re loaded into backs of trucks and being driven around until the carbon dioxide that fed into the cabin, killed everyone. Only when surrounding villages complained about a “weird smell” were the mass graves used, dug up and moved elsewhere. \n\nThe Nazi mobile killing squads of about 2,000 men helped kill nearly 1.5 million Jewish people in Eastern Europe. Line them up, shoot, line them up, shoot. You could do 400 bodies in an hour if you “did it right.”\n\nNowadays. No matter how much you care about politics, it’s hard to ignore that legitimate Nazi groups and followings are a thing. It took Hitler over a decade before he could put his plans in motion; in modern days, I don’t care what you want to call them, you see Nazi’s trying to take hold of public office via election. \n\nWe’re at a time in history where targeted violence and aggression is beginning to peak again. You’re a patriot to your country if you have the bravery to combat it, and you’re a patriot to your country if you are willing to understand what others will have to say about you. \n\nWe’re the smartest we’ve ever been, we’re the most physically fit we’ve ever been, and we’re always looking for something to validate our questions. \n\nI implore you to do your own digging within historical documents if you’re in need of answers for yourself. If you have any specific questions about what I’ve said throughout, you’re always welcome to ask for more details or a better understanding. \n\nThanks you for your time guys.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-14673", "score": 0.7098581194877625, "text": "The German people, like most people of the time, *were* blatantly anti-semitic. When Hitler blamed all the problems on the Jews, most people were going \"yeah, Jews *do* suck!\" They also didn't mind someone who acted a little bit like a dictator, because he promised stability and a solution to Germany's problems. Now, the vast majority probably wouldn't have wanted the concentration camps. But by the time this happened, and especially by the time that the public learned about it, dissenting from the Nazi regime was already a crime. So trying to stop it required an incredible amount of bravery; if the police even *suspected* you opposed government policies, that could get you in trouble.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-93845", "score": 0.7091401219367981, "text": "Germany lost the war. That's it. You win, you get to make the rules. If the Allies lost the war you'd have seen the SS or IJA hunting top generals and officers. in Canada or whatever.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-124634", "score": 0.7091027498245239, "text": "Constitutionally, treason in the US only covers a very narrow set of activities. Carrying out war against the US and aiding and abetting those that are carrying out war against the US are the only ways a US citizen can be convicted of it. Considering the Confederates aren't really fighting the Union these past dozen decades or so, there's no way to really aid and abet them, and that's if you think displaying a flag would somehow help in prosecuting war against the United States, which is certainly a questionable statement. Even saying that you absolutely support Al Qaeda's quest to kill Americans is not really treason unless the government can prove that you provided some sort of material benefit to their war against the United States.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-161485", "score": 0.7065686583518982, "text": "War conducted by armies with leaders has rules. World War II was fought by draftees on both sides. It is logical on both sides to not harm the other sides soldiers once they are rendered harmless. Every soldier knows they could be captured any day.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-42910", "score": 0.706144392490387, "text": "It's not at all sudden. Ever since the end of WW2, all sorts of people have gone on trial and been convicted for their part in the Nazi regime. Obviously, these days it's rare, because nearly all of them have now either been convicted or died of old age. But from time to time evidence is found to charge one of the remaining ones, although they are, of course, now all elderly. And this is what's happened here. Regarding the Nuremberg trials, I believe those were for war criminals. This wasn't a war crime: rather, the woman is being charged as an accessory to murder.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-234400", "score": 0.7034667134284973, "text": "Germany was very early recognised not to be just nazis: the British cartoonist [Low](_URL_0_) famously pointed to the irrationality of German-hating a fortnight after VE-Day, and by 1946 US and British charities and individuals sending food parcels to Germany where hunger was widespread. Later willingness to overlook past enmity was down to the Cold War: by 1947 Germany was just too valuable a geopolitical asset - and too important to European economic recovery - to ostracise and punish in perpetuity. Germans too worked to undo the nazi legacy, swiftly restoring the representative institutions dismantled in the 1930s. Past misdeeds were often overlooked in the search for those with administrative, business or technical skill to launch the new Germanies, though \"never again\" long remained a near-universal comment on the recent past.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-233843", "score": 0.703332245349884, "text": "In Germany there was a very ineffective behind the lines force of leftover Nazi diehards called (in English) the \"Werewolves.\" It's not proven that they did anything at all though: (_URL_0_)", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-204", "score": 0.7345051765441895, "text": "Before chemistry was really a thing, everyone thought that graphite was a type of lead, probably because it's so soft." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-41015", "score": 0.697158932685852, "text": "A colored pencil isn't exactly the same thing as a normal pencil with color. A regular pencil uses graphite. A colored pencil uses pigments like in paint, but suspended in wax. It's a lot closer to a crayon than an actual pencil.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-31684", "score": 0.6954345703125, "text": "It's the way the graphite reflects light that assists machines in grading the tests. I can't tell you why #2 mechanical pencils aren't allowed, however. I've used them when the moderator said not to, and they work fine.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-122041", "score": 0.6944776773452759, "text": "Those numbers represent the hardness of the lead (graphite) in the pencils. If a pencil is too soft, there will be smudges. If a pencil is too hard, the marks on the paper will be too light. #2 is the perfect pencil because it's hard enough to prevent most smudges but soft enough to make a clear mark on the paper. As you may already know, standardized tests are graded by a machine. Any inconsistencies in the pencil marks will be marked wrong by the machine. That's why it's so important to use the right pencil and bubble in the answers fully.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-97885", "score": 0.6934555768966675, "text": "Pencil writing, usually graphite, is leaving a mark on the top of the paper. It is putting stuff *on* the paper. Pen ink, meanwhile, is staining the paper. It is putting stuff *in* the paper. Paper is made up of small fibers, and ink will bleed into these fibers, effectively being inside of the paper. Take an old fountain pen with a bunch of ink to a piece of paper to see it in action. It is much easier to scrape stuff off of a surface than it is to actually remove it from the fibers of a paper.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-173309", "score": 0.6925076246261597, "text": "Well you know what happens when you use a pencil right? Eventually you have to resharpen (charge) it. What happens when you do this? The pencil gets shorter. ie. its lifespan shortens. Why? You're using all the lead up slowly (electrolytes in a battery). Same way in a battery, as you use the electrolytes in the battery with each charge, some of them are no longer able to hold a charge, all the way until current can no longer flow and the battery is dead. EDIT: Some comments are rightly pointing out that not all batteries are liquid cells. This is correct. However the principal in my explanation is the same. Batteries that rely on chemical reactions never maintain 100% efficiency, so you lose some potential each time you reverse the reaction. Do this enough times, and eventually there's barely enough left to charge at all. It's a slow process, but the same in practical terms none the less.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-82841", "score": 0.6924411654472351, "text": "A pencil mark is just graphite on top of a piece of paper. Think of it like something sticking to a frying pan. The eraser is like the spatula that scrapes it off with friction. Pen in actually is absorbed by the paper. Like water on a paper towel. You can't really remove it once it is there.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-239005", "score": 0.6921094655990601, "text": "I had the same question, but I hit the google and got this. > NASA programs previously used pencils[6] (for example a 1965 order of mechanical pencils[7]) but because of the substantial dangers that broken pencil tips and graphite dust pose to electronics in zero gravity, the flammable nature of wood present in pencils,[7] and the inadequate quality documentation produced by non-permanent or smeared recordkeeping, a better solution was needed. [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-297959", "score": 0.6916201710700989, "text": "[So this is what paper looks like close up](_URL_2_) [This is what graphite might look like close up](_URL_2_) When you write, the graphite becomes all dusty and lands on the paper, and into the holes of the paper and all over it. But it isn't bonded to it. This is why, after long periods of time, lots of things like books and papers and letters fade and become harder to read, because this dust that is on the paper flies off. An eraser rubs right on the paper, and pulls some of the dust off. This is why the eraser leaves little rolled up rubber side-effects, with graphite on them, because they got stuck to the sticky rubber. There is no bonding, just being stuck in the holes of the paper and all around it, and so on. Also, pressing a pencil on the paper makes nice little indents for the graphite to stick into, so it's not just like you can shake your paper and have the graphite fall off!", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-701997", "score": 0.6907245516777039, "text": "I bought an S20, S10, and S3, and the lead they came with is becoming my favorite. To me, its really enjoyable to write with, and I would really like to buy more for my other pencils. Would you please help my find the type of lead?", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-75734", "score": 0.6901630759239197, "text": "Paper is not perfectly flat at a small enough level. Pencil marks are basically graphite dust rubbed into the paper. When you go to erase them you will never get all of the graphite off of the paper because the eraser cannot get into all of the minor imperfections in the paper.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-76468", "score": 0.6898804306983948, "text": "If your pencil lead breaks constantly no matter how you sharpen it, that probably means the lead is already splintered inside the pencil. This is caused by dropping your pencils or other similar impacts, and the only real fix is to buy another pencil.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-169089", "score": 0.6887086629867554, "text": "By abrasion. The pencil lead is only left on the surface of the paper, and this surface is essentially scratched off (but on a much smaller level than most senses of scratching). The reason ink is so much harder to erase is because it seeps down into more layers of the paper than just the surface one.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-147288", "score": 0.6878322958946228, "text": "Erasers pick up graphite particles, thus removing them from the surface of the paper. Basically, the molecules in erasers are 'stickier' than the paper, so when the eraser is rubbed onto the pencil mark, the graphite sticks to the eraser preferentially over the paper. Some erasers damage the top layer of the paper and remove it as well. Erasers attached to pencils absorb the graphite particles and leave a residue which needs to be brushed away. This type of eraser can remove the surface of the paper. Soft vinyl erasers are softer than the erasers attached to pencils, but are otherwise similar. _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-74998", "score": 0.6869540810585022, "text": "The rating refers to the hardness & darkness of the pencil. There are many designations. A #2 is also known as a \"HB\". _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-32341", "score": 0.6864677667617798, "text": "It's possible you may have dropped the pencil. When you drop a pencil (especially colored pencils, funny enough), the graphite can shatter. Now you have a long tube full of broken graphite pieces that easily break off once they've been exposed by the sharpener. Source: My high school art teacher. She flipped her wig any time she heard a pencil drop.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-48002", "score": 0.6847341060638428, "text": "It has to do with the allotropes of the atoms. For example, graphite is arranged in a hexagonal lattice, whereas diamonds are arranged in a tetrahedral lattice. To break it down a hexagon is a two-dimensional shape, so if you could imagine sheets of connected hexagons laid over top of each other. This is actually what makes it so easy to write with. Tetrahedrons are three-dimensional; a triangular pyramid (think Egyptian pyramids, but with a triangle base instead of a square). Now think of several of these connected and you can't create sheets like you could with the graphite. This creates a very firmly connected structure that won't allow for pieces to break off. As for your question directly, if can imagine the structures, all of the atoms in the graphite would be close together (like sheets of paper), whereas in the diamond they would spaced according to the tetrahedrons allowing for light to pass through.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-686307", "score": 0.6840803027153015, "text": "I understand that graphite tips were used on the control rods in order to cut down on costs, but why were they put on the tips and not say the ass end of the rod when they knew that graphite accelerates a reaction?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-278909", "score": 0.6835689544677734, "text": "Because we decided to name compounds that way as standard convention called iupac. Just as how we decided on subject verb object order. You could say peroxide hydrogen and a chemist would probably be able to understand what you're saying just as an English speaker can understand \"chicken I every Tuesday dinner eat\" but it's not how we agreed to refer to compounds. \"Common\" names still exist such as formaldehyde for methanal or water for dihydrogen monoxide but can be confusing for unfamiliar. In other cases, common names are better. For example nicotine is (S)-3-[1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine according to iupac rules. Older texts refer to metal ions depending on charge. Ferric vs ferrous ions are now referred to as ~~iron(iv)~~iron(III) and iron(II). The standards are constantly changing as we decide how to better refer to substances so others can understand.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-87431", "score": 0.6833299398422241, "text": "Pencils grind a layer of graphite onto the surface of the paper. Erasers work by rubbing off that layer of graphite. But since the surface of paper isn't even, it has little pockets, the eraser may not be able to get all the graphite out.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-54377", "score": 0.6806581616401672, "text": "Lead is dense and dense things are good at deflecting radiation. Lead is also relatively common and also easy to shape so that's why you see it used so often.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-205", "score": 0.6550617814064026, "text": "They are used as *filler* where the tune requires a note, but the singer doesn't have anything more to say. An excellent lyricist will try to adjust the wording so that not too many of these are needed." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-132387", "score": 0.6222136616706848, "text": "For the most part, because the influence of the US in the world's cultural landscape is HUGE. Some words get borrowed by other languages, even when there is an equivalent native word, like \"sexy.\" Some times the English words just fit, or rhyme better. Also, everybody is so exposed to American (and British, to a lesser extent) music, movies, TV shows, that words just get assimilated and end up used in everyday conversation. Some examples of words that I've seen used like that in Brazilian Portuguese are \"cool,\" \"sexy,\" \"bully,\" \"fuck,\" \"gentleman,\" and many others.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-183021", "score": 0.6218672394752502, "text": "So it has to do with the overall key of the music and the lyrics set to them. Most keys that emo songs are in are minor keys meaning in a chord you would have a root note we’ll call this (1), a third that is flat (or a half step lower) we’ll call this (3b) and a fifth (5). This is a very basic structure for a minor chord. Every scale has 8 notes in it 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 (this is where the 1,3,5 comes from) or “do re mi fa sol la ti do”. But when you have the key of a song in minor it sets up that feeling of “emo” you’re talking about. Minor keys sound sad, major keys sound happy. Those other songs that don’t seem to be emo are set in a major key most likely. Which makes them sound not as angsty and emo. So a major chord would have a (1), (3- not flat) and a (5). Edit- spelling & punctuation", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-150486", "score": 0.6218209266662598, "text": "Songs are written deliberately to be catchy. Songwriters know exactly what makes a song catchy, and when they write songs they put devices into them in order to make them catchy. So the real question isn't why songs are catchy, it's why don't you like these catchy songs? This is something that can't really be answered. Everyone has different taste in music. Catchy songs particularly appeal to younger listeners - I don't know how old you are, but I'm guessing you're older than 10? As people mature, their taste in music becomes more sophisticated, and catchy devices are pretty unsophisticated, so it's quite common for people to outgrow this style of music - but everyone is different, and just because you find these songs annoying that doesn't mean everyone does, not even everyone in the same age bracket as you.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-131127", "score": 0.6212838888168335, "text": "It's to keep the flow, and to avoid a thing called [Dead Air] (_URL_0_) It basically makes everything a continuous stream of entertainment, with no breaks. It's much easier to talk over the last few seconds of a track than it is to wait for it to fully stop and then begin speaking again.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1173192", "score": 0.6212257146835327, "text": "A part of the the chorus hypothetically goes like this: \"da na na na na, da na na na, da na na na na, da na na na.\" I also think the word \"humans\" or \"people\" was used in the chorus.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-87472", "score": 0.621139645576477, "text": "It's a common feature in much of the Indo-European language family (and some others). Not all do it though - Russian, for example, does not. It's entirely arbitrary, and just happens to be a tone that is used for a specific purpose in those languages.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-132207", "score": 0.6210834383964539, "text": "Familiarity breeds contempt? The more you hear it the more familiar you get with it. The initial hook of the song is less of a hook and you lose interest in it.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-163455", "score": 0.6210204362869263, "text": "It holds the rhythm to add the word. Poetry that sticks to a set meter of 5 syllables per line also does this in a similar fashion. If you take out the word \"the\", the song won't sound quite right.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-70900", "score": 0.620781660079956, "text": "Vowels are sounds that are made when we don't block the passage of air. Sometimes this is true of Y, sometimes it isn't. In \"myth\" it is the \"i\" sounds, and a vowel. In \"beyond\" it is the sound between the E and the I and a consonant. Put your hand on your jaw and say both words. When you say \"beyond\" your mouth closes a bit when you make the Y sound. Technically, the \"y\" sound isn't quite a consonant. It's in between, which makes it a bit harder to explain than something like P or S. Historically, this is because the English language lost the sound that Y used to stand for. It you've taken a French class you were probably taught how to make that funny French \"oo\" sound that's not quite \"oo\". Our vowels got all changed around a few centuries ago, and people started sticking the Y in place of sounds that didn't already have letters, but they ended up using it for a few different sounds, so now it is all messed up. Edit: spelling and stuff.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-135456", "score": 0.6205410361289978, "text": "Often times a pitched-up song is a byproduct of the station speeding the song up slightly. They'll do this to fit more songs and/or commercials and/or segments into the show. This is an extremely common practice on Top 40 stations.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-131233", "score": 0.6204822659492493, "text": "Different languages use different filler words, but they all utilize them to inform the listener that you're not finished speaking yet even though you're momentarily processing words. Public speakers try not to use them since the audience isn't expected to respond, but in a conversation the listener might mistakenly assume a pause means you're done.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2643068", "score": 0.6203385591506958, "text": "An example would be -- when Justin Bieber hits the high note in \"Boyfriend\" - \"*I'd* like to be everything you want.\" I've been trying to practice my vocals lately and I'm not entirely sure what part of his voice he uses for his high notes. Is it your *voice-crack* voice? (not sure what its called)", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-309695", "score": 0.6202499866485596, "text": "We're really looking at Indo-European languages here, which includes everything from Hindi to English to Ancient Greek. These languages all share a common origin - the proto-indo-european language, or PIE. PIE has been partially reconstructed from examining the huge number of current and historic languages in the family. It looks like there was a word for something like \"not\" or \"no\" in PIE that has a \"ne\" sound in it, and the child languages have mostly inherited that. That's why \"no\" is so similar across so many languages. However, there is no \"yes\" in PIE, which means that descendent languages have invented their own form, in many different ways.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-107208", "score": 0.6197248697280884, "text": "Its known sometimes as Researcher's Bias. Basically its really easy to spot something we expect to see. So if I tell you the lyrics, and you get a bit that's sort of hard to figure out, you'll think \"yea, it sounds like that\". On the other hand, if you didn't know what it was, and get to a bit you can't make out, you still can't make it out without some kind of help.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-49729", "score": 0.6195027232170105, "text": "I'll only speculate...just a theory.... The vast majority of popular music throughout the world has been created in a \"common\" American accent. Since early rhythm and blues and early rock and roll was created in America, singers from other countries were effected by this music that they wanted to emulate. For example, the Beatles loved Chuck Berry, and other early Rock artists and wanted to emulate their music. So part of emulating their music was also emulating their accent. Emulating their accent was probably just as unconscious as emulating their guitar licks. If you emulate music that you like, you also tend to emulate the lyrical accent. Since the vast majority of worldwide popular music is done is in a common American accent, the people who create new music follow in those musical footsteps, and this includes the accent.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-39592", "score": 0.619103729724884, "text": "Someone's musical taste derives from the same pleasure centers in the brain attributed to hobbies, obsessions, and activities that give someone the sense of contentness. Our reward and pleasure centers undergo change as one matures based on socio-environmental factors which can be attributed to some drastic changes in one's musical taste We grow bored of songs for the same reason. As we listen to a song more and more, we activate the same receptors in the brain that bring satisfaction, therefore desensitizing the specific reactions a certain song may enact. This explains why \"Call Me Maybe\" by Carly Rae Jepsen was such a popular hit now turned into an annoying pseudo-joke song", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-100510", "score": 0.6188587546348572, "text": "While the lyrics may be stored in your long term memory, it may be difficult to remember them without the accompanying tune. It serves as an auditory cue; when you hear the tune, your brain thinks \"These are the words that go with it!\"", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-127112", "score": 0.6188228726387024, "text": "It's cultural. Major chords sound happy to you because you've been told it's happy since your early childhood. That said, Pharell William's \"happy\" is in minor chords (Happy Together by The Turtles too), whereas REM's Everybody Hurts is in major chords and Creep by Radiohead is mostly major too.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-183946", "score": 0.6188139915466309, "text": "Imagine if someone told you \"Hey dude, here is a sound, and sheet of paper, please write down all the muscles that have to contract, and by how much they have to contract, in intervalls of 0.05 seconds in order to make that sound\" . \"Oh and then act out these instructions\". I would not call failure to do so instantly a phenomenon. Eli5 : Lack of muscle memory. If you train to sing anything from s sheet of paper for ~10-25 years, you can probably do that. Sidenote: Just talking takes small kids ages to learn, even when they know the words, and can use sign language. Moving your mouth/throat is complicated", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-72517", "score": 0.618364691734314, "text": "Had someone tell me once it's because your voice box is a muscle and needs to be stretched just like any muscle might when you wake up. Would explain any kind of vocal exercises for musicians though.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-207", "score": 0.6785703301429749, "text": "issues with the line. there is noise on the line when you call. when you hang up an phone it makes a new connection and this time no issue with the connection. it can be either the person you call or your phone line causing this issue" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-117340", "score": 0.6446284651756287, "text": "When you receive a text, the network wont blindly send it to you. Instead, the network and your phone will first establish the connection, like this: \"Yo phone, you there?\" \"Yea I'm here\" \"Cool, I got a text for you, where are you?\" \"**I'm here you stupid bitch**\" \"Oh okay, I hear you at 6/10. Setting power level to 4. Here, take your text\" \"thanks\" It's the shouting part you hear. Power conservation is very important on mobile networks, so the phones and the base stations will adjust their signal power to work optimally. When the phone is creating connection though, it will for a short time transmit at full power, and this is what causes the most interference in your devices.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-62662", "score": 0.6445868611335754, "text": "your mind feels phantom vibrations in the expectation of getting a call/text. a new phenomenon. here a wikipedia _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-412767", "score": 0.6445150375366211, "text": "I've had this every once in a while, maybe once in a month or two. Restarting has always fixed the issue. Now I've had it consistenly for the last 3 days and restarting hasn't done anything.\n\nI've already RMA'd this phone several times so I'm not sure that will yield any results. Does anyone have any suggestions?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-803495", "score": 0.6444700956344604, "text": "Every time I call or receive one my screen goes off and I can't turn it back on, anybody know how to fix it?", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1464889", "score": 0.6444662809371948, "text": "literally, it just keeps doing this. It's done it probably about 4 times in the past ten minutes. Not sure if it's a virus or what but it's really annoying. Any help?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-11208", "score": 0.6444524526596069, "text": "Interesting, from what i can gather from a quick Google foo it appears that some overseas companies write recording of calls into their tos. This only allows them to record their party, hence why you only heard your friend's side of the conversation. Why you heard it in the first place? Probably a software glitch, it seems uncommon (only a dozen mentions on Google) but not unheard of. [Stack Exchange discussion](_URL_0_)", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-451188", "score": 0.6444190144538879, "text": "Often when I'm on a phone call, I'll get a message that Tasker has stopped responding. I've even had a few dropped calls and I'm fairly sure this has something to do with it.\n\nI have no idea why - it was working fine as of several weeks ago and I don't have any profiles related to phone calls.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-431351", "score": 0.6443808078765869, "text": "Out of nowhere, my ringer volume stopped working in conjunction with my alarm application. I've set test times and had my ringer on while having the volume to the max. The result: barely audible alarms that sometimes start out at the correct volume and then revert to barely discernable levels. Other times it just barely spits out anything. \n\nToday, I started noticing my Spotify app seemed to play audio at almost half of what it should have been playing. I cranked the volume almost all the way up and it played back what normally would have been about 60% of the way. I know it's not my headphones because I tested it with 3 other pairs. \n\nWhat could be going on? I just got this replaced under warranty for an unrelated issue, this phones only two months old...", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2026803", "score": 0.6443308591842651, "text": " \n\nIt's been happening for a while and it happens on multiple devices so it has to be something with my reddit account. \n\nHow do i fixe this?", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-86163", "score": 0.6443263292312622, "text": "When the signal is weak (or non-existent) your phone will keep searching for a signal, over and over and over, and that extra overhead drains the battery. Some phones will also increase power to try to connect to a distant signal. Those will drain the battery and cause heat buildup.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2026644", "score": 0.6443148255348206, "text": "It happens randomly and is very annoying. Do you have any idea how to solve my problem? I already restored Firefox.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-873102", "score": 0.6442993879318237, "text": "So I just heard some Disembodied Voices in my downstairs while I am upstairs. Its currently 10:30 pm at night when I heard this and no one else is home. I thought maybe my other family members were home but when I got up to look there vehicles were not in the drive way and I didn't see any one walking down the street. So of course when I go near my stairs the voices magically stop. I yell Hello? No response. And Im pissed because I didnt have any of my audio recorders on which I use to get EVP. Ive heard Disembioded Voices before and have captured them on audio. Usually just simple \"Hello\".\n\nThe voices sounded very mehicanical like they were talking on a phone having a conversation. However I could not make out what they were saying. Now I did have the TV on but even with the TV on I could still hear these extra voices that sounded like they were right next to my Amazon Alexa. So I thought maybe Alexa picked these voices up since you know Amazon is ALWAYS LISTENING and sure enough Alexa didn't pick up this conversation I was hearing. So the next logically step is to place my phone down there recording my silent downstairs environment until my other family members get home. Im not scared I just find it fascinating how the moment you go and check where the sound is coming from the voices just stop. Like why bother trying to get my attention if your not going to continue while I am actively listening.?", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1448372", "score": 0.6442666053771973, "text": "I am sick and tired of this.\n\nMy phone has a mali 400 mp chipset so it is definately not the case with hardware.\n\nAnybody else know how to fix it?", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-674716", "score": 0.6442243456840515, "text": "I have two friends who are getting repeat images and GIFs in text messages. The images will show up several times and will be hours apart; sometimes days apart. One has the Pixel 2 and the other has the Pixel 2 XL. Both are on Project Fi. The friend with the Pixel 2 is getting them in both regular text messages and group messages, while the one with 2 XL is only getting them in group texts. Is anyone else experiencing this? \n\nI have the Pixel 2 XL and am on Verizon and have not experienced this at all. All three of us are in the same group text and only they are getting repeat images. I'm waiting to get some screenshots to see if they're happening at the same time for both of them.\n\nEDIT: It looks like they might be getting these repeat images at the same time. One of them has been deleting them after they come in, so we don't have a lot to go off, but the screenshots I got from both had time stamps within a minute or two of each other for the same images.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-432696", "score": 0.6442097425460815, "text": "Everytime I join a call my music playing through my bluetooth speaker dramatically lowers I heard this app could help me stop it from being lowered could someone please help", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1573445", "score": 0.6441930532455444, "text": "As an update, everything I am saying when the thing stops responding is registering. On the website it shows everything I am saying and even has the responses. Just that the device itself is mute and not working until it's unplugged and plugged in.\n\nIf I unplug and plug it back in it's fine but otherwise after a day of being on the responses stop. Doesn't matter what is asked the same thing always happens. You say Alexa and it wakes up, ask a question or say to do anything and it does the blue and cyan thinking flashes, then it blinks a few times in full blur and then cyan, and then nothing. Like it's trying to talk to do something but there is no sound coming out.\n\nOnce I unplug it and plug it back in it responds fine and everything works normally.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-347365", "score": 0.644164502620697, "text": "so i have a iphone 4s with Verizon and sometimes my phone doesn't receive calls. I still get the voice mails but they don't come until maybe after 5-10 mins after the person has called. I had one person say they tried calling me but it said my voice mail was full but the second time i received the call fine. Any one have any ideas how to fix this? Currently looking for a job so its pretty important i receive calls right now lol", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-348806", "score": 0.6440667510032654, "text": "I leave DND on because I get so many telemarketing calls all day.\nBut people on my contact list can call me and it rings fine, which is good.\nBut when they text me I don't hear the *ding*.\n\nIs it possible to hear when a text message comes in?\nI'm missing many text. thanks", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-145611", "score": 0.6440406441688538, "text": "Your phone/laptop has a small internal battery that's used to regulate some circuits including the one used for the clock. Edit: You're not a phone. Oops.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2541927", "score": 0.6440187096595764, "text": "The music plays on, but the UI resets about 6 or 7 times in 10 minutes. During that reset, my car (Google Pixel 5 - 2017 Ford Focus ST - Sync 3) states that the BT connection is being re-established (music continues to play - with an occasional blip of silence)", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-208", "score": 0.7580024600028992, "text": "take it that a human body has 2 sets of genes. When a baby is made, half the genes are from the mother and other half is from the father. These genes make proteins which help our body work. However, there are occasionally some errors in the genes which ends up making defective/too much/too little proteins which give rise to diseases. Some of these diseases require 2 faulty set of genes in order to manifest. So if daddy has a defective gene but mommy contributes a normal set, the disease does not manifest clinically (or is milder). If there are many generations of inbreeding, the set of defective genes are kept within the same family tree; there is no new genetic input from a different family and thus the probability of having a child with 2 sets of defective genes increase. This increases the risk of diseases, out of which some may feature a lower IQ/brain malformations." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-296980", "score": 0.719261884689331, "text": "Inbreeding increases the chances of both parents having the same recessive gene. Examples are things like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell. Each parent likely has one good gene and one bad gene. They are carriers of the disease, but the disease doesn’t express itself. If the offspring inherits a bad gene from each parent, the offspring ends up with two bad genes and the disease expresses itself in that individual. _URL_0_ As for cheetahs, a quick google search shows that they aren’t immune at all. Many scientists are concerned with the extreme inbreeding within the cheetah population. Cheetahs have some serious fertility problems due to bad sperm.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-90751", "score": 0.719047486782074, "text": "Every human being has dangerous and rare mutations as part of their DNA. You cannot see the hidden dangers because they are recessive. When you start inbreeding the chances of 2 of these recessive genes making themselves known - in the form of inherited disability - rises exponentially. It is very dangerous to breed within your own family because of this reason. Your children might get lucky but you're guaranteed problems in the main.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1077221", "score": 0.7184258699417114, "text": "And when humans inbreed they create retarded people then wouldn't inbreeding plants like crops also cause them to be 'retarded'?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-522", "score": 0.7184160351753235, "text": "Everybody has bad genes in them - I remember a scientist quipping that there are enough genetic defects in the human genome to kill a person several times over. However, all humans get two sets of genes, one from each parent. As a result, many of the 'defects' you might have in your genes are simply overridden by the working copy you got from your other parent. However, when you inbreed, you've got two people with very similar genetics, which means that its more likely that they'll both have identical copies of a defective gene (or gene set). That means the offspring is more likely to receive both copies of the defect from their parents, losing that protection that normally came from receiving two sets of chromosomes. Do not that inbreeding doesn't increase rates of mutations, just the likelihood of genetic defects that are already existing in the parents being expressed fully. Also, this question gets asked a lot. Use the search bar next time.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-281772", "score": 0.7163279056549072, "text": "This is oversimplified but inbreeding is bad because it makes it more likely for harmful recessive traits to be expressed. The offspring of closely related organisms have a higher chance of inheriting \"bad\" traits in the form of a homozygous recessive genotype (e.g. rr). The parents might have only been heterozygous carriers for this trait (Rr) having both received the recessive allele (r) from their recent shared ancestor. In asexual reproduction, offspring are genetically identical to the parent; accordingly, if the parents were able to survive to the point of reproduction without genetic defect, their offspring will likely be able to do the same. That is not to say organisms that reproduce asexually are not without problems. They are more susceptible to diseases and parasites since each organism is genetically identical. Sexual reproduction is advantageous because it makes organisms genetic moving targets for viruses, harmful bacteria, and parasites.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-290590", "score": 0.7156210541725159, "text": "There are many recessive genes in the population which create dangerous dysfunctions in an individual with 2 copies of the gene (1 from each parent), but cause no problems or provide advantages in individual with only 1 copy. *If* your family has some of these potentially dangerous recessive genes, inbreeding makes it much more likely that your offspring will end up with 2 copies.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-191152", "score": 0.7148980498313904, "text": "The offspring wind up with different numbers of chromosomes that don't line up very well. & #x200B; Here's a longer explanation: [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-49376", "score": 0.7136741280555725, "text": "It is not that they do not recognize their offspring, it is as you say that there is no instinct to avoid inbreeding. In the wild inbreeding of a population is often the only thing that keeps a species alive in a given area. Particularly if that area is remote or hard to get to.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-117565", "score": 0.7122753858566284, "text": "Inbreeding allows a greater chance for recessive genetic traits to be expressed. If you have a recessive trait carried by either a mother or a father (or both), if they have 4 children, 1/2 to 3/4 of the kids with either be carriers of, or express the trait. Depending on which family member carries the trait, other members of their side of the family can also be affected. There is genetic counseling, if you are really gung-ho to continue, but it's a risk. If you want some interesting reading, look at hemophilia in the riyal family.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-27743", "score": 0.7117159962654114, "text": "> Natural selection should get rid of deleterious alleles This is exactly why inbreeding causes problems. Recessive alleles that are deleterious can \"hide\" from natural selection in heterozygous individuals (people with one dominant allele and one recessive allele). Inbreeding increases the chances that an individual will inherit two recessive deleterious alleles (because the chance that both their parents will carry the same deleterious alleles is increased if they're related). If the deleterious effect on fitness is high enough, that person will not reproduce. If it's only mild then they may reproduce, but maybe not as much, or they're children might also not be very fit. The point is that inbreeding exposes recessive deleterious alleles to natural selection thus allowing them to *possibly* be removed from the population as a whole. In the mean time, those people who are the products of inbreeding suffer from the deleterious effects.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-191372", "score": 0.7116639614105225, "text": "Inbreeding is a problem because there is no substitute for faulty genes. Humans can carry the genes for a fault, with out experiencing problems them selfs. Your siblings have a high risk of the same faults. Now if 2 People have a Child, the healthy genes often wins. If there is no healthy gene to pick from, like the scenario with you siblings, Inbreeding becomes a problem.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-12874", "score": 0.7114859223365784, "text": "Inbreeding does not always impact fertility. While it is bad for the genetics of a species careful husbandry of the breeding process can keep the genetics diverse enough to return to a functional population. Remember that genetically speaking all of the members of a species are related *a little bit*, including humans. Inbreeding creates increased risks, but it takes generations of dedicated inbreeding to really badly affect a species. With humans guiding the process and keeping family lineage records we can mitigate some of that and save the species.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-150601", "score": 0.7114673852920532, "text": "It's due to a lack of genetic diversity, which results in recessive or unusual traits being expressed more strongly over time. Let's say the two siblings both carry a gene that, if fully expressed, causes an extra toe to form on the foot during embryo development. Neither sibling has the gene expressed, but if they breed, their offspring has a decent chance of inheriting that gene from *both* its parents, and it may be expressed. If you then follow that further down the genetic line, and the sons and daughters of the original breeding pair also breed with each other and their parents, the gene expression becomes stronger and stronger, until you end up with many of the resultant offpsring expressing the gene.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-304876", "score": 0.7113206386566162, "text": "There are a couple things going on here. First, there are lots and lots and lots and lots of ants. There are probably more ant _colonies_ of a typical ant species per square mile than there are individuals of a typical mammal species. I mean think about it. How many anthills are in your back yard? Now, how many deer are in your back yard? The other component is that inbreeding just doesn't matter all that much. It's not innately harmful, though it can make an organism more vulnerable to problems, it doesn't directly cause them. Some ants, like the fire ant in the USA, are almost entirely inbred and are doing fine. In fact, they benefit from being inbred because colonies don't fight (they all smell the same due to inbreeding) and instead work together to form super-efficient megacolonies.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-169592", "score": 0.7079471349716187, "text": "Many genes have two forms, a dominant version and a recessive version. If you get a copy of each (one from Mom and one from Dad) then the body runs mostly the same way as if you had two copies of the dominant one. Only if you get two copies of the recessive one does your bode express the other trait. Inbreeding increases the alignment of recessive genes; Dad with recessive gene gives it to half his children; If the children breed with each other then the chance of offspring with double recessive is 25%. Without inbreeding each pairing has different recessive genes and the offspring are about the same as those with all dominant genes. Some recessive genes are mostly harmless, like the one for blue eyes. Other recessive genes are a problem, like the one for sickle cell anemia. Worst case collisions, or multiple collisions, tend to be classified as birth defects, though that's judgemental and subjective.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-126431", "score": 0.7077487707138062, "text": "Inbreeding isn't quite the death sentence it's made out to be. The reason you end up with sickly European noble families is that they had relatively few children and the weak managed to live into adulthood. If you're living a lifestyle that includes near-constant pregnancy and potentially being eaten by lions, the problems of inbreeding tend to diminish. You've got enough offspring that you're going to create your own genetic drift and the offspring who come out flawed are probably going to be eaten by the aforementioned lions. That being said, looking for a scientific explanation of Biblical mythology isn't normally a profitable pursuit. Most Christian traditions regard the story of Adam and Eve as an illumination of Christian principles rather than a literal historical account.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-200618", "score": 0.7063840627670288, "text": "Follow up, somewhat related question. Why was intermarriage so common? Did they know the effects of inbreeding?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-255029", "score": 0.7052927613258362, "text": "The problems of inbreeding are an effect of accumulating too many of the same genetic issues. If you can avoid this accumulation you can avoid the problems. Some species are very genetically diverse. The siblings of one species may be more genetically diverse than two unrelated humans living on opposite ends of the earth. Some species like humans (and notably cheetahs) went through a period in our past where we reached extinction level populations. Humans are thought to have had a worldwide population of about 10 thousand at one point. This was only 70,000 years ago. _URL_0_ Larger animals are at higher risk for population bottlenecks.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1982220", "score": 0.7052221894264221, "text": "Specifically, I am seeing the unrestrained reproduction of people who could be considered \"anti-intellectuals\" and clearly don't make enough to support one or more children. On the other (much smaller) hand, the responsible couples are waiting to have kids or stop at one. Will this cause America's average IQ to drop over time?", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-297308", "score": 0.7048673629760742, "text": "Your post absorbed down votes because this question's been asked tons of times before. However, IQ is substantially heritable, as [gleaned again and again from twin adoption studies.](_URL_0_) In western societies, genetics explains much more variation in intelligence than does parenting, environment, and anything/everything else combined.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-209", "score": 0.7272627949714661, "text": "If you are having a scary dream your body may start producing Adrenaline, or other hormones that help you deal with stressful situations. Even though you have woken up, those hormones are still active in your system and the heightened sense of awareness sticks around until your hormone levels return to normal." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-801901", "score": 0.6908348798751831, "text": "This has been going on for about two years now. I will have a nightmare for almost an entire day. I'll try to wake up, but as soon as I do I become extremely tired, like someone drugged me, and fall back into the nightmare. It is a really hard struggle because I will sleep almost 20 hours since it refuses to let me wake up. I've had people wake me up and try to keep me awake but I get sucked back in. They are very intense dreams. They really ruin my emotional stability... One of my dreams is so intense and real I can't define what's the truth or not. This thing is a leech... a parasite. It won't stop. \n\nWhat is doing this to me? I'm absolutely terrified. I need it to stop. My dreams are controlling my life. I'm tired of dying and being murdered in my dreams constantly and not being able to escape. \n\nSomeone help... I don't want to live this way anymore.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-8517", "score": 0.6908017992973328, "text": "What you are experiencing may be some kind of dissociation, most likely depersonalization or derealization. It's neither good nor bad in and of itself, depends on what you make of the experience. As long as you are aware that these dreamlike feelings are just that, only fleeting feelings, you have nothing to worry about. However, if these feelings increase in frequency and intensity, and you find it harder to regain your connection to the real world I would seek some answers as to why your brain is behaving that way. Whether counseling or otherwise.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-800458", "score": 0.6906718611717224, "text": "Sometimes I am peacefully dreaming, and all of the sudden I am aware that it's a dream. I get really anxious and no matter what I do, this invisible (sometimes black) force comes to me and starts pulling me. I can't speak and I am moving in slow motion so I can never really defend myself, and at some point I just naturally wake up. This happens **every time** I have a lucid dream and it's really terrifying.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-799817", "score": 0.6906410455703735, "text": "I get physically uncomfortable when I get an unknown number call, like some kind of weird jolt goes through me. I don't tend to answer them, but when I've cleared my voicemail and had to listen to the pre-recorded voice (or robot) it freaks the absolute hell out of me and I can't tell why. I also never have nightmares but I have screamed myself awake on multiple occasions because I answered the phone in a dream and a robot voice came out of it. Also, I haven't a clue where this fear comes from.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-802314", "score": 0.6905561089515686, "text": "You know that Calvin and Hobbes comic where Calvin keeps waking up from a dream but he's still in a dream?\n\nI keep getting that except I'll have these scary things happening like I'm hearing voices or people are in my apartment or things like that in my dream, and my brain thinks it's real. It's extremely unpleasant.\n\nDoes this happen to anyone else? Any advice?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-800953", "score": 0.6904725432395935, "text": "I have been having strange dreams for a while.\nSo there have been a few... things in my life. Not serious just slightly stressful or negative bad situations. Nothing too bad though. You know just normal high school stuff etc...\n\nBut I have been having dreams that feel very real. Very very real. I will have a fight with my friends where I say outrageous things or controversial things. They will exclude me and stuff along those lines.\n\nI am going through a semi stressful time but it will pass over in a month or two. I am haveing a few friendship issues and I have recently grown apart from one or two, but I understand it’s a natural part of life and am only a bit sad.\nA girl has stopped bullying me which is great.\n\nDo you think this because I am going through a semi stressful time and after it passes over my dreams will stop? Or is it just a strange thing that happens to people sometimes. \n\nEdit: sometimes the dreams aren’t just about friendship. Other times they are about my family that I haven’t seen in a long time.\n\nEdit: these can be so realistic the next day I will be thinking about why I said that to my friends. I will think about if for five minutes or something then remember it never happened.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-107808", "score": 0.6903541684150696, "text": "This happens to me every so often, it's the weirdest thing. I'm trying to sleep but these stressful thoughts keep passing through my mind over and over again (and often they don't make much sense), and I can't tell if I'm awake or asleep. I have to force myself to get up and turn the light on/go to the bathroom/etc. in order to wake up fully. Then I can usually fall back asleep afterwards.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-93751", "score": 0.6903462409973145, "text": "Lots of big responses a 5 year-old might not understand here. The way I understand it: Your brain wants to pretend it's awake so it scares itself into thinking it is in case a big scary animal attacks you in the real world and your body will be ready since it thinks you're already awake.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-112286", "score": 0.6902897953987122, "text": "This is a problem of reverse causation. It's not the fact that you dream that causes you to wake up. It's the fact that you're waking up that makes you able to remember that you've been dreaming.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-801732", "score": 0.6901203393936157, "text": "I don't know if it's just sleeping too long or not, but often when I over sleep, I'll have very disturbing, violent, or deeply depressing nightmares. I was wondering if maybe this was my brain telling my body it's oversleeping, or something along those lines.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-114798", "score": 0.6900793313980103, "text": "One theory on this is that the basic state of your mind is to assume that something is dangerous (mild paranoia is a good survival trait). This means in cases of sleep paralysis you can get locked into a loop where something gets assumed to be malicious, which stresses you out, which makes you more likely to assume something is malicious, and so forth. That said as others have mentioned it's by no means the only thing that can happen; and knowing what is happening can go a long way towards keeping you calm and breaking the cycle.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-802386", "score": 0.6900622844696045, "text": "i dont sleep much anymore bc my dreams are so vivid and they make me feel like shit even after i wake up. the other day i woke up crying bc my dream was so bad. it just feels so real and i have no idea what to do.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-874038", "score": 0.6899629235267639, "text": "Evening all,\n\nThroughout my life I've always had a lot of dreams. Mainly distinctive reoccurring dreams at particular moments of my life. I've always understood these particuly vivid dreams that aren't always necessarily nightmares as subconscious thoughts at periods of stress or worry.\n\nLast night I dreamt i was laying in my bed looking up into the darkness at the ceiling. Where a giant spider was perched facing upside down looking directly into my eyes. By comparison I would probably use the size of a average sized dog such as a labrador to show its size. \n\nThe dream wasn't threatening, me and the spider were just staring at each other and it's face was in very clear focus. I don't have a particular deep fear of spiders, I mean I like em as much as the next guy? But will happily move them away from myself using a glass.\n\nDespite in the dream not being at all scared, I woke up and felt very panicked. I could not see the ceiling and in my half awake state made my way to the garden for fresh air and to cool off. Normally I'm able to distinguish upon waking up a dream from reality and have no trouble drifting immediately back to sleep. But not last night. Checking my phone in the garden, the time was 5:10am. Meaning I probably first woke at around 5am.\n\nWouldn't normally think anything major of it, but arriving at work this morning in a company also the place of work for my brother (albeit completely different teams) I could tell he was tired and looked off. I jokingly said as I passed 'you look like shit' and he began to explain how he had woken up at around 5 am after dreaming of a large spider on the ceiling above his bed where he lay, watching him and he couldn't not get back to sleep after. \n\nDespite believing that dreams are just expressions of the unconscious, I'm still taken aback by this realisation that we had a mirror dream at the same time on the same night, that woke us both at the exact same time. The only difference being ourselves in the dream and the room it was set in. \n\nThe only common negative connotation we share with spiders is our mother's arachnophobia. Something that we've laughed about for years. \n\nI'm the older brother by 6 years. I'm 26, he is 20. We work in the same company but have slightly different roles and shift patterns. I'm more surprised at the odds of this happening and hoped you would all find it as fascinating as I have. If you have any ideas or thoughts on the matter. Do feel free to share 🕷️", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-144935", "score": 0.689853310585022, "text": "Dreams are mostly a product of the subconscious, while you can usually still hold some form of conscious control. Your subconscious can surprise your conscious experience, because you don't process it consciously (by definition). Then again, if you're a frequent lucid dreamer, you can usually sense these \"surprises\" coming right before they happen. But often you still semi-unwillingly \"act surprised\" because that's the narrative of the dream.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-51435", "score": 0.6897084712982178, "text": "You usually wake up when you're about to die in bad dreams, it's a survival thing. We have bad dreams more often when we are in this semi conscious state shortly before we wake up, so bad dreams aren't bad dreams at all, they're hallucinations.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-801357", "score": 0.6896799206733704, "text": "Note to dreamers: Lucid dreaming and control over dreams does not mean your subcounsciousness will stop throwing absurdities at you. \nMy non-lucid dreams are usually logical and even well-conceived to some level, yet there are the ones when something goes wrong and messes up the concsistency of the whole story. I started trying to LD with the idea of doing away with these elements, yet I still randomly encounter nonsense during my conscious dream journeys. For example I saw the vampire Lestat crossing a street in front of me in broad daylight summertime wearing a coat (!) and I got so annoyed I woke up.\nThis could be a serious problem when at a later stage I'm trying to achieve something while dreaming, for example:\n\n1) Exams. One cool thing about LDs is that you can simulate your exams and interviews ahead, yet with the randomness at hand I may as well end up being asked to sing Pergolesi at a math exam. This could happen easily when I'm concentrationg on recalling my knowledge and not on maintaining the illusion, am I right?\n\n2) Sex. Okay, I admit, I plan on trying, but I've read it could be seriously traumatizing when your partner refuses you or turns into a zombie during the act. Or some troll (Ralph lol) walks in. I've read this sort of things happens to newbs often.\n\nSo, experienced lucid dreamers, do you go through a lot of misplaced stuff while you're dreaming? If yes, what kind of stuff and how do you cope with it? Is it common for newbs only?", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-801708", "score": 0.6896734237670898, "text": "Weird question, I know, but for the past few weeks now, no matter how many alarms I set, I can't seem to wake up until one. Usually when this happens I can lucid dream for a bit and it almost feels like a way for Mr brain to heal. \n\nIt's like I walk through section at a time and like I'm going through a maze. Today it finally clicked. The last vivid dream I had before it went lucid was, for some reason, a road trip with my ex. It was a way to get back together as romantic partners but as friends with then confessing that they were upset with themself for letting it get as far so did in terms of toxic living. \n\nThat's when I became aware and found myself back in the house I grew up in, the house of pain. It felt like my traumas had linked up, because I haven't been able to vividly remember what that house had looked like for a long time. \n\nThis seems like a weird rambling, but I just wanted to know of anyone else has gone though the dane sort of feeling that they just navigated their way through hell to get back to where it ask started.\n\nSorry for this weird word soup.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-800462", "score": 0.689548134803772, "text": "On and off since this past summer I have had some of the most vivid and brutal dreams ever. I have never had dreams that were ever this violent and real and it’s for seemingly no reason. There hasn’t been that much stress in my life either so I don’t know why it’s happening. Another weird aspect of this is that sometimes I won’t get these dreams at all for weeks at a time and then I’ll start getting them again. These dreams are usually extremely violent and awful. Things happen in them that I didn’t think I could even imagine. They don’t “feel” like nightmares either, which is odd, tho they are very disturbing.\n\nThis isn’t a debilitating issue and my irl life is going well but it makes me wonder if I need to see a therapist or something for this.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-871938", "score": 0.6894005537033081, "text": "After some tragic events I've been on edge / sad. Idk if that plays a part. I've only had one nightmare in my life when I was 7. I'm 20 now and 2 recently.\n\nOne involved genocide and people being violently hacked into pieces. The second involved me being stabbed and having to bash someone's skull in, and fear for my family's life against retribution. \n\n\nI just want it to end", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-802194", "score": 0.6893624067306519, "text": "I've always had this problem ever since I was a child, if I were to wake up in the middle of the night, sometimes the images from my dreams seep into reality.\n\nFor examples waking up and vividly seeing someone in the corner of my room. After a few moments, it goes away. Or talking in my dream and then realizing I'm awake and talking to no one in my room. I've always slept talk and continue to do so as an adult.\n\nNow as an adult, my boyfriend finds it funny when I talk in my sleep or wake him up trying to talk to him. But he gets scared when I wake up and convinced there's someone in the house, \"I can see someone in the bathroom, _____ there's someone in there!\"\n\nAfter he talks to me, I realize there was nothing there.\n\nI've been convinced someone was outside in the backyard, and I could see them through our blinds, and convinced someone broke into our house.\n\nIt's not a huge issue but does anyone else have this issue?\n\nI've never had this happen while I've been awake, only right after a vivid dream.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-210", "score": 0.7867850661277771, "text": "A) You need a large array of solar powers to provide full coverage to the home (large initial cost, requires a lot of surface area, potentially takes away from the visual appeal of the home) B) until very recently, there hasn't really been any cost-effective battery solution for homes (Tesla Powerwall is helping to change this) C) Most people who live in developed countries don't have to worry about power outages because they are extremely rare. In these countries, it doesn't make sense to install solar panels just as an emergency backup... you would only do the install if your intention was to go off-grid so you don't have to pay a monthly electric utility bill (and/or because you can sell excess electricity back to the grid / power company to potentially earn money)." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-288439", "score": 0.7450324892997742, "text": "> Can you (effectively) naturally store power, say by a solar panel, by using its power generated in the day to pump water into a big water tank several stories above ground? Not just possible, [economically justifiable](_URL_0_). > Then at night use said water by draining it from the tank, turning some sort of turbine into another tank below, then repeating this again into a third tank to increase power generated? This arrangement of multiple tanks doesn't really help. Just connect all the tanks and have a single turbine at the bottom. The efficiency is roughly the same either way and far less complex with a single turbine.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-159150", "score": 0.7442955374717712, "text": "The most important thing you didn't mention is *net metering* - you need an electric meter that allows you to sell extra power back to the grid when you're overproducing. That's a huge part of being economical. Most people don't actually have batteries in their home to store the power - Tesla's batteries are still pretty new and bleeding edge. Most people sell power back to the grid during the day, and purchase it from the grid at night. You don't need any change to your home appliances at all - they continue to function as usual. It's an interesting time to invest in solar because there are a number of companies that are offering no-money-down options. That doesn't mean you want to do that - obviously if you can afford to purchase solar outright you'll make more money in the end - but the fastest growing segment of solar is companies that install your panels for free and then take a cut of your savings for the next 20 years.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-260750", "score": 0.7437465786933899, "text": "Overly long power lines start acting as massive radio transmitters and stop being efficient. You also only need 15 minutes of storage with solar; that's how long it takes for a simple-cycle natural gas turbine to power on. Solar is becoming a very rational economic decision during the day but batteries are still expensive and gas is really cheap and easy to turn on so the balance shifts strongly back towards natural gas at night. We will almost certainly adopt a hybrid grid.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-89001", "score": 0.7435886263847351, "text": "A lot of these problems come not from having the panels, but wanting them to be connected to the general power grid. If it was a self contained system, he could probably do whatever he wants. However, when you connect your in-home power generation to the public power grid, you can easily cause problems. if he's really producing that much energy, I could easily see it overloading other components in the grid, posing a danger to the linemen who maintain electrical lines, etc. Alternately, there could be a law in place essentially to protect the electrical provider... Either in the shallow \"They don't want to adapt so lets enforce the status quo\" way, or in the more serious, \"We don't want a bunch of unregulated utilities popping up\" way.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2325984", "score": 0.7412866950035095, "text": "I'm really interested in the possibility of building my own windmill or some other type of energy generation that would not only serve me if the power grid went down, but also allow me to reduce if not remove myself from the power grid in every day life.\n\nI'm not sure if solar panels are feasible (I'm in the midwest and it's not very sunny in the winter) and I'm not sure about how consistent a windmill would be.\n\nTalking about these options with a couple guys I work with, one brought up the idea of magnets on a flywheel to keep in constant motion. Youtube the idea and I see a few things along these lines of neodymium magnets keeping a wheel or turbine moving. \n\nMy real question I guess is, to what scale would one need to be built to power the whole house? I'm sure the tiny ones built on a youtube video are not enough. Is this idea even viable or just a nifty science experiment?\n\nEDIT: I forgot to factor in how a battery bank would be part of this.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2302897", "score": 0.7410915493965149, "text": "In my country of origin, it's perfectly legal (although sometimes a hassle) to use your own solar panels and stay connected to the grid. This is a different equation here in Taiwan (instead of individual homeowners it would likely be targeted at HOAs or owners of low rise apartment buildings, or possibly farm houses), but I'm curious about the legality of this and how easy it is to do from a legal perspective.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-271618", "score": 0.7399753332138062, "text": "Several reasons, one, they are very expensive to build, two, the power transmission infrastructure is also very expensive to build, three, you'd still need power supply to make up for night, and times when the wind is too low/high. Four, someone will always be against any major project, and tie you up in court for years. Think everyone wants solar/wind? Try and build one. People whose cause is the desert ecosystem, or the offshore ecosystem, or wherever you want to put it, will fight you in court to prevent it being built in their area of interest. Everybody's in favor, until it comes to their town. tl/dr :$$ Edited to fix a spelling error. And I should have added \"and maintain\" after expensive to build.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-272781", "score": 0.7396377921104431, "text": "Because it's cheaper not to. Solar panels are expensive and fragile. Roads and rooftops need to be cheap and rugged. It's more cost-effective on the whole to cover our roofs and roads in petrochemicals and generate power in a big plant miles away.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1626497", "score": 0.7391077876091003, "text": "Charged by solar and able to be used for vehicles with battery overflow sent back to the grid. It would be additionally helpful if it was a power station of sorts for the whole house. \nI have zero knowledge of this type of thing. Thanks.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-5603", "score": 0.7389427423477173, "text": "Cost. Plus the further away the power generation is, the more is lost in transferring that power over long distances (and also the larger the cost to set up the power lines). Plus, solar panels can't run 100% of the time, so require a ton of batteries, and both the solar panels and the batteries require a lot of maintenance. There are actually many areas of the world where investments in solar energy are being done, but it isn't really a solution everywhere. Many places are cloudy often enough to make solar power only a mediocre long-term solution over other sources of power, with a larger upfront cost.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2299831", "score": 0.7366355657577515, "text": "Total rookie at this but I need to learn something new. I've always been interested in renewable energy and I'm at a point with my house where I could remove multiple circuits going to a detached garage and theoretically power the one-car garage off solar. It would be fascinating to me to have a self-sufficient garage and free up multiple circuits for the house and learn a lot in the process. The garage has a simple outdoor light for security, a power door opener, an interior light, and 4 outlets. Could a panel or two accommodate the load? The most intense thing I could see doing out there is running a table saw from an outlet while having a light on and charging a battery for a cordless drill.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-296194", "score": 0.7348372340202332, "text": "The electrical grid is a very delicate balance, homes feeding power into the grid disrupts this balance and causes issues. The way it's currently designed, power flows from the generators to your home, the load. Now all of a sudden we're trying to pump power back the other way. A few homes with solar panels won't cause any major issues, but the sudden boom in solar panels requires utility companies to perform complex load flow analysis and redesigning of the current infrastructure to maintain this delicate balance, which of course costs them money.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-244481", "score": 0.7339838147163391, "text": "There is not a simple answer to this question. The economics depends on each situation individually. Technology levels change, available resources, the amount of energy you need, etc.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-279403", "score": 0.7336806654930115, "text": "When I read your question, I thought you were talking about a wind turbine with a solar panel attached to it. Which could be done in theory.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-64818", "score": 0.7332372069358826, "text": "One major cost for a new power plant is the power transmission lines that connect it to the grid: siting the new solar farm near existing transmission lines makes a lot of sense. Also, solar panels' big limitation is that they only produce power on sunny days. Hydroelectric plants can switch on and off, but are limited in the amount of water stored behind the dam. If you can run the hydro plant at night when the solar farm isn't operating, you can produce a consistent electric output while minimizing water usage.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-73809", "score": 0.7331210970878601, "text": "Keeping the power grid working pretty much requires constant human intervention. That said, keeping the power grid working (or getting it restored) is very high on the list of priorities for a government in disaster situations, so I would expect that in an apocalypse scenario if at all possible people would be trying to keep it functional. That said, a properly installed solar system in a house could feasibly keep working for at least a decade.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-241130", "score": 0.7317010164260864, "text": "It is pretty impractical. When farming electricity you want a steady constant source as much as possible so you don't need to store it which results in efficiency loss, not a huge violent (and random) blast 75 times a year.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-303763", "score": 0.7315148115158081, "text": "The photovoltaic installations I know about don't have batteries. They store energy in the electricity grid by selling excess power. IMHO the biggest danger would be falling off the roof while installing them, or being sued if somebody else falls off the roof.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-122167", "score": 0.731469452381134, "text": "Because that would be prohibitively expensive *and* require more expensive infrastructure in order to get the power back out. Plus now you have the danger of a cave-in. Nuclear power plants are actually exceedingly safe. There are extremely rare incidents that can cause wider spread damage, but on average they are less dangerous than coal power plants and also getting safer as better technology is developed.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-174731", "score": 0.7307583093643188, "text": "It would be enormously expensive and cost way more energy to produce, transport, install, and repair the panels than they'd actually generate. Solar's come leaps and bounds, but just like you don't build a hydroelectric power plant in every river or just throw up a wind turbine everywhere there's a field. If you don't capture significantly more energy than it takes to install and run a thing, there's no point in building it.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-211", "score": 0.747698187828064, "text": "The chemistry that keeps us going is based on carbon-chain molecules. We do use water for some reactions but most of it is just solvent for molecules to float around and react in. It's somewhat like why we say tea is a plant-based beverage even though it's mostly water. The interesting part isn't the water." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-248659", "score": 0.7090457081794739, "text": "We're in [approximately](_URL_0_) the right place for water-based life that is dependent on the sun. There are moderately (but not absolutely) compelling arguments that water and carbon are the way to go for really complex chemistries. Water is a good solvent and silicon doesn't like to form long chains. The caveat is that we only really understand chemistry at near room temperature and pressure. Maybe there's something living on a high-gravity carbon world with blood made out of molten diamond that looks at planets like Earth and dismisses the idea of intelligent life in the freezing cold and near-vacuum (relative to them) of Earth's surface.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-295642", "score": 0.7061323523521423, "text": "Ballpark: let's take the [biomass](_URL_0_) of the earth and assume that there's twice as much water as carbon. That's about 1 trillion pounds. [that's about 1 part in 10^10] or .00000001%", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-48538", "score": 0.7054810523986816, "text": "Carbon is really a building block of life, in addition to the fact that carbon provides energy to us in the form of C6H12O6 (Glucose) which is produced by plants when they photosynthesize. This Glucose is then technically stuffed full of an energy molecule called ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate) which provides energy for the jobs of life. This probably doesn't answer your question, though. Really, we are Carbon based organisms because Carbon is vastly \"bond-able.\" it has four \"bond-spots\" where it can combine into different molecules. This is relevant because 99% of living mass is constructed of just 6 elements: Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, and Phosphorus. Carbon is often the \"linking element\" between these, therefore making Carbon hyper-important to our bodies and life. Hope this helps!", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-14078", "score": 0.7052363157272339, "text": "Not all scientists believe this to be correct. Stephen Hawking even did a conference on it. On earth we are all carbon based. We require water to sustain ourselves. This is the only form of life that we know of currently so water is what we generally assume would be needed in order for life to reside elsewhere. Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Silicon, etc are all elements that could possibly lead to other forms of organisms. These other organisms could possibly sustain themselves without water but instead substituting it with Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, formamide, and several other elements. These all share similar properties to water. So in other words we know it's possible for carbon based life to reside elsewhere if there is water. So that's what we look for. The rest are theoretical and unknown to us.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-187776", "score": 0.7018174529075623, "text": "Carbon-based life is living matter with the element carbon as its primary building block. On Earth, carbon represents about 50% of all dry biomass. Carbon is important to life because it can form a vast amount of chemical compounds, more than any other element. That makes it incredibly versatile in building the complex compounds required for living things to continue living. Carbon-based life requires water because water's chemical composition and physical attributes make it such an excellent solvent. Water provides the medium for a lot of different chemical reactions required for life.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-48680", "score": 0.695407509803772, "text": "We don't know if it can or not. We have theories of lifeforms using other elements in place of the ones we use but *we have no proof*. More importantly we do have proof and data that carbon-based, water using life is very possible and also what it looks like. So basically we prioritize searching for what we know can exist.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-133584", "score": 0.6911740303039551, "text": "We don't know it for a fact, but both carbon and water have unusual properties that make them particularly suitable to complex life. Carbon, better than any other element, can form huge chains that are very stable, allowing the construction of very complex molecules. Water dissolves other substances better than almost anything else known, which is useful for setting up biological reactions.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-324072", "score": 0.6904873251914978, "text": "It's all about organic chemistry. Carbon makes four bonds, which gives rise to an amazing versatility in organic chemistry. In fact, if you wanted a non-carbon based life form, you'd have a better shot at guessing something just directly below carbon on the periodic table, because it's more about carbon's specific behavior than the abundance of say....hydrogen. However, hydrogen does play a big role in our physiology. I'm sure there is a better, more in-depth way to explain this.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2270517", "score": 0.6904782056808472, "text": "I've read that our bodies are made up of 70% water. If that is true, when we drink water are we technically being cannibalistic?", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-135691", "score": 0.6900302767753601, "text": "Charcoal is almost pure carbon, and we are carbon based life. It's the second most abundant element in our body by mass, the most being oxygen which is going to burn off or evaporate out as a water molecule.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-291112", "score": 0.689980685710907, "text": "We're called carbon-based life forms because the element carbon is considered crucial to the way we stay alive. Carbon itself isn't alive, but a creature whose existence depends largely on the existence of carbon is called carbon-based. As far as I know, we don't know of any non-carbon based life forms, but our sample size is pretty limited. It is conceivable that there could be life somewhere that doesn't rely on carbon.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-169988", "score": 0.68853360414505, "text": "Because our only point of reference is carbon-based lifeforms that rely on water. Of course there's the potential for other forms of life that are not carbon based and/or don't live in enviornments with water, but how would you even begin to look for something you can't define since you have no point of reference? The universe is mind-bogglingly large, you need to narrow down your search somehow.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-93982", "score": 0.6881645917892456, "text": "Plants, like all life on earth, are carbon based. You're correct that they receive water, sunlight, and liquid nutrients, but you're forgetting that they also breathe. Plants filter Carbon Dioxide from the air, release the oxygen (hence their symbiotic relationship with animals, and the reason why we want them around) and use the carbon to increase their mass. All of the other things they take in- the water and sunlight- are responsible for powering this process.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-185756", "score": 0.6802282333374023, "text": "Our bodies are mostly water. It's a requirement for *all life* as we know it, not. just humans. It's the solvent that allows the chemical process that are life to even take place. It's what makes up most of our blood, which carries oxygen and nutrients to our cells and removes waste. It does countless other things that are so numerous I can't even list them. It's really just essential for absolutely every biological process.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-313068", "score": 0.6784568428993225, "text": "Water is important because it is a potent solvent and is liquid in a temperature range that is conducive to organic chemical reactions. Carbon is important because it is fairly inert once in molecules so you can form many long complex molecules off the same more or less inert back bone. this has to do with the electron structure of carbon, so a chemist can expand on the specialness of carbon. As for silicon based life, the short answer is no. the waste produce for most life is CO2 via cellular respiration this is a gas that can be easily dissolved into water. for silicon the waste product would be SO2 or sand/quartz and is very inert and highly stable. So the SO2 lockes down resources (like oxygene) much more than CO2 and as a solid is much more difficult to move around. the long answer for silicon is maybe, but it would be at very high temperatures and be a bio chemistry very different, even on an mechanical basis (resembling more inorganic chemistry), than what we have on earth.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-191948", "score": 0.6776919960975647, "text": "It's largely a matter of temperature. Different substances change states at different temperatures. We are in the liquid water range, which is necessary for life as we know it.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-247841", "score": 0.6758794784545898, "text": "Variants of this question have been asked multiple times: [Why is it that scientists seem to exclude the theory that life can evolve to be sustained on something other than water on another planet?](_URL_2_) [Why is carbon necessary for life?](_URL_0_) [Life on earth is carbon-based, but could alien life be based on a different element?](_URL_1_) In general, the reasoning is that carbon has very interesting and diverse chemistry, and forms polymers. And a very large amount of that interesting chemistry happens in the temperature range called the \"goldilocks zone\", and is dependent on water. It's not that it's not possible for life to exist using different elements, and in different temperature ranges, but that nothing has been found that seems to be as interesting and appealing as carbon + water for life to use. And here's a great wikipedia link on [hypothetical types of biochemistry](_URL_3_).", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-104931", "score": 0.6747949719429016, "text": "So 80% water doesn't mean that there are bags of water in us, it means that parts of us are made, in part, with water. Think of orange juice: its mostly water, but you don't see *any* water in it. Yet, you can \"concentrate\" (dehydrate) it a bit, and you get an orange juice goo. Now you can take this goo and add water, yet it appears to be identical (or very close to identical) to the original orange juice. Where did the water go? It's still present, its just no longer isolate, pure water.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-305921", "score": 0.6730443835258484, "text": "Carbon-based is synonymous with \"organic\" i.e. \"organic compounds.\" It refers to that fact that the overwhelming majority of molecules that compose living things contain carbon as \"backbone.\" This means that virtually every molecule in your body - including all DNA, all RNA, and all proteins - consist of mostly carbon atoms, which form the core structure of the molecules. These molecules contain many atoms - mostly carbon - and have a wide variety of other atoms attached to them, things like oxygen and nitrogen. Carbon has chemical properties - namely, the number and type of bonds that it can form with other atoms - that make it excellent at forming complex molecules with diverse physical structures and composed of different kinds of atoms.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-311176", "score": 0.6712340116500854, "text": "Though liquid water is necessary for life (as we know it) to occur, all organisms have DNA (or RNA) which are the base code for the development of proteins and other molecules that form a living organism. The study of organic chemistry (the chemistry of life) is based on molecules that contain at least one carbon atom (though not all molecules containing carbon are themselves organic) and are associated with the biological processes of life. In short, Carbon forms the basis of organic molecules, but said molecules cannot assemble and go through the necessary reactions without the presence of liquid water.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-212", "score": 0.746209442615509, "text": "Because that's the top speed you can safely do, assuming ideal conditions (at least that's the premise). When it's raining, snowing, cold or dark, this changes it from being ideal conditions. It's not safe to drive at that speed any more. Worse it is, the slower you need to go, especially if your visibility is impaired. Too much variation in the weather to set a \"minimum speed\". Not sure about you are, but here there is a 5% tolerance on our 100kph speed limit - 105 before they'll ping you. (which quite funnily is, in mph, equating to 63mph in a 60)" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-117465", "score": 0.7087839841842651, "text": "And often the dashboard is not only used for a specific car. Think of the same model with different motors. Some can only go to 115 but a bigger engine may can go to 150 mph. And that's not only for the same model. Even different models from the same brand can have the same dashboard. While most of those dashboards go up to more than the official car speed... But for example.. if have a really long downhill road you may can get over this limit. My old car's official max speed was 190kmh (~118 mph).. but on a good day on the Autobahn I got it to 230 kmh (~142 mph) (according to the speedometer)", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-173575", "score": 0.708541214466095, "text": "It's not about speed, it's about acceleration. Think about it, when you're in a car, on a highway, going straight at a constant speed, do you feel your body moving? But when you accelerate to pass another car, you are pressed against your seat a little bit. When you break to slow down, you experience negative acceleration, deceleration, and you're pushed forward in your seat a little bit. Same thing with elevators, they accelerate quickly to start moving up or down, move at a constant speed, then decelearate quickly to stop. Roller coasters are designed to have lots of up, down, left right acceleration peaks, to make it fun. Think about when the coaster is starting, just crawling uphill before the big drop, do you feel anything?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-108401", "score": 0.7078870534896851, "text": "Despite having (in places) no speed limit, the German autobahns are public highways not racetracks, and the public treat them as highways. The penalties for racing another vehicle on the autobahn are extremely severe, and German driving standards and road discipline are very good. That means that people don't go along at 150mph when they can see the autobahn is very heavily congested, they NEVER weave between lanes, and if you see that a faster vehicle is approaching from behind you simply pull over into the right hand lane to let them pass you.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-74645", "score": 0.7075100541114807, "text": "A car is designed with a certain amount of power in order to accelerate at a desired rate. It takes much less power to maintain a given speed than to accelerate to that speed. For that reason, if a car was designed with an engine with only enough power to maintain the speed limit, it would accelerate at an an unacceptably slow rate.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-14359", "score": 0.7075047492980957, "text": "Because that's when they are most efficient. It's more about the RPM count, at those speeds most cars are around 1750-2500RPM, which is usually where they get the best MPG. By going say 80MPH, while you are traveling 1/3 faster than 60MPH, the MPG degrades by more than 1/3, due to air resistance and the fact that you are out of the prime RPM range. Think of it this way, if you had to travel 1 mile on foot, sprinting as fast as you can will get you faster than jogging, but by sprinting you will be dead tired aftward, while by jogging you will still have more energy left.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-30602", "score": 0.7074716687202454, "text": "The RPM is the same, because they're connected. One point can't revolve more often than any other point. But the area towards the outer edge has to move faster to \"keep up\", because it's got more distance to cover, in the same time. So you've got it backwards, sort of.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-28523", "score": 0.7074680924415588, "text": "Because a car that has a top speed of 120 mph will accelerate to 55 mph much faster than one that has a top speed of 60 mph or 80 mph. Further, it's difficult to build an efficient car that will accelerate quickly to highway speeds, without making a car with a very fast top speed, because cars are heavy (so a lot of power is required to accelerate them quickly) and wind resistance affects fuel economy (so cars are designed to be at least somewhat aerodynamic, which means the power translates into a high top speed).", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-170317", "score": 0.7073793411254883, "text": "They are determined in the US by safety factors, and 85 percentile speed. The 85th percentile speed is, in the area of question, the speed in which 85% of cars do not exceed. The safety factors are risks that put people in danger like road curve, uphill and downhill speed, etc.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-188820", "score": 0.7073653936386108, "text": "if I am thinking about the same cables you are thinking about they aren't used to measure speed they're used to count how many cars are going across the road they use it to know how much maintenance or if they need to expand the road to handle more traffic.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-17272", "score": 0.7071148753166199, "text": "Harder to prove in court. It's much easier to point a radar gun at a car and measure it's speed. You were going 125 in a 100 zone. The measurement is absolute and much harder to debate for those that even try. How you you measure someone traveling in the passing lane? You can't make a quick assessment, at least on that would hold up in court.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-166820", "score": 0.706921398639679, "text": "Speed is the distance you cover in a period of time. Roads that are patroled by aircraft have lines painted on them. These lines are a set distance apart. When you cross a line, someone in the aircraft starts the clock. When you cross the next line, the clock stops, and your speed is just that set distance divided by the time it took you to cover it. So, if the lines are 1 mile apart, and you covered that distance in 1 minute, you're doing 1 mile per minute, or sixty miles per hour.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-96524", "score": 0.7068142294883728, "text": "Any car capable of going 75 safely and comfortably is going to be capable of going 100+ slightly less safely and comfortably. Any car that could only go 75 would be miserable to drive at 60.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-87961", "score": 0.7066887021064758, "text": "55mph was the maximum speed limit federally from 1974 until 1995. It was enacted due to the oil crisis at the time, because it was believed that that this was the most fuel-efficient speed (50-60 mph).", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1775216", "score": 0.7065075039863586, "text": "There's a gagillion reasons why they might be going slow. They could have fragile goods, they could be nervous of the weather. It's called a speed **limit**, not a speed **minumum**. Either learn some time management or chill out and move on. I can understand if they are going like 10 or 20 mph below the speed limit, but if they're going 47MPH in a 50MPH zone, chill the fuck out.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1777510", "score": 0.7062670588493347, "text": "I live next to Montana which used to have no speed limit on the freeway and it was fantastic. \n\nI think having either no speed limit or the speed limit be 100 is perfectly fine and I wish all freeways did this", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1537357", "score": 0.706013560295105, "text": "So, a highway says the speed limit is 65 mph. Absolutely everyone goes above that. Why is this a commonly acceptable thing? \n\nI like to go fast, but I am also a bit of a rule follower. I go 14mph or less over the limit, and there are people that cruise past me.\n\nDo I just continue to take the chance that i'll get pulled over, or do I piss off the people behind me? (when I go the actual speed limit, of course I drive in the right lane, but my point stands).\n\nAdditionally, why don't they just make the speed limit 75mph and ACTUALLY enforce that one?", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-16502", "score": 0.7059444785118103, "text": "Imagine you have a car that can go 150 miles per hour. That's pretty fast. It's the rated speed. Now imagine that you're driving that car seven blocks to the grocery store. You're doing about 35 miles per hour. That's your utilization at that moment.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-27823", "score": 0.7055492997169495, "text": "Because if there is any point where people need to drive slower than anywhere else, they will catch up to that point and bunch up. For example, if you have a street with lights, eventually it will turn red and several cars will drive up to the light and stop. When it turns green they will all star moving together at the same speed.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1534794", "score": 0.7054912447929382, "text": "This is perhaps a naïve question. I’ve only lived here for a few years, and most of that has been post-I-69 construction. But I, an average person not involved with infrastructure/highways/etc., do not understand why the speed limit of a 6-lane interstate, regardless of whether it’s going through a town or not, would only be 55 MPH. There are two-lane highways in and out of Bloomington with a 55 MPH speed limit, and usually a reduced speed limit in other cities comes with a reduction in lanes. There’s never any congestion, nothing... why is the speed limit 55 MPH?\n\nIs it a city ordinance or something that has jurisdiction over that segment of the interstate? Is it a safeguard for noise pollution? What’s the logic? \n\nI’m also curious whether this is seen as a good thing, or if most think the speed limit should be higher. Let me know what you think.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-95151", "score": 0.7052313089370728, "text": "One thing Google tries to do (and Waze too, for that matter) is stagger drivers across different routes so that one route doesn't get too plugged up. If one route is 2 minutes faster and the routing server gave everybody that route every single time, it wouldn't be the fastest route anymore before too long. It also gives you that option because you should be able to override the decision that the routing server made for you if you so choose. And most of the time you can with no problems, if you just look at traffic conditions along that route. But that's the ultimate goal, to stagger people across different routes so as to keep the traffic flow more or less balanced (even though it will never be quite so perfect).", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-213", "score": 0.7133427858352661, "text": "One answer can be found in the other thread created here _URL_0_ As for the outcome, I haven't found much of a resource on what has been created but a few things like Rookie Wage system has been set up so that draft picks will be paid a certain amount depending on where they were drafted. I also believe the rights of refusal which is a teams ability to choose three of the teams free agents and match any offer given to them. So for example, if Chad Ochocinco was a restricted free agent looking for a team, and the New England Patriots agreed with Chad that they'd pay him 30 million for 2 years, the Bengals could match the pay and keep Chad despite him wanting to play for the Patriots. Other outcomes include each team's salary cap for their players being 120 million. (the number might be wrong but that is one gist). There are many more but those are the main ones I know of." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2217473", "score": 0.6775574088096619, "text": "Context: 49ers block Seahawks' punt deep in Seattle territory. The blocked punt shoots towards the sideline. Just before the ball reaches the sideline a Seattle player bats the ball forward 20 yards and out of bounds. He is called for \"illegal batting.\" \n\nThe \"illegal batting\" is the easy part. The options given to the 49ers are what perplex. The 49ers had two options - take the ball as it lies 20 yards from where the ball was illegally batted OR replay the down.\n\nMaybe it's just me, but it seems like the penalty should have been spotted from the spot of the foul and it should have been half the distance to the goal. Otherwise there is no disincentive to illegally bat the ball every time.\n\nDid this confuse anyone else?", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-1716839", "score": 0.6774637699127197, "text": "If Lev Bell was a consensus number 1 or 2 overall pick before the suspension (which mind you he is still appealing and could possibly have an answer by August 18th), then is it crazy to consider drafting arguably the best RB in FF with an earlyish-mid first overall pick? Mind you, he was being drafted 1.02 last season and that was with a 2-game suspension. Yes, I understand you're potentially handicapping yourself and missing out on 4 games and 1 week because of a bye, however, in the other 8 weeks and potentially more if you go to the playoffs, you arguably have the best RB and you got him as maybe a 5th-12th pick for a bargain. A guy you would not get if he were not potentially suspended because he'd go top-2 or 3 overall. This is all to say that there's a slight possibility that he does play week 1! I'm a Pittsburgh fan and I live minutes from Heinz field. Early reports are that the Steelers are confident he plays week 1. We are a very conservative organization and the Rooney's don't play around when it comes to drugs (look at Holmes), so for them to make a statement like that right now kind of got me thinking about this all. If he is suspended 4 games that's still 4 games that he can get stronger from that MCL and give u 8+ games as an RB1, if he has it reduced somehow to maybe 2 games like last season then that brings him back around the 1-3 overall range, and if it's completely rescinded then he's also a top pick. So why do we always think of what this guy can do for us right now when past drafts show us that we're still heavily invested even if a guy is guaranteed to miss time?\n\n\nMaybe I'm overthinking things but is it really reaching if the guy is THAT good and you can get him for a steal? Even if he does end up being suspended say 2-4 games, what do you guys think about drafting him in the early to middle first round because he's a potential league winner?\n\n\nTL;DR - If Lev Bell is as good as we all think and know, and there's a possibility that he could have his appeal decision by August 18th, then is it crazy to choose him earlier than his ADP is right now to possibly lock up a guy that could play all 13 games or at least give you potentially 8+ games as an RB1?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1620279", "score": 0.6773999333381653, "text": "The league will be salary/contract based. I have pretty much everything figured out except one last thing. The salaries of players will be based off of their auction draft prices. How do you deal with players salaries after their contract ends? So player A was drafted for $30 and signed to a 4 year contract. Then after those 4 years how do you figure out what their new salary will be? Base it off a range of post season rankings? The salary cap we plan to use will be in the $300-315 range for help.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1025167", "score": 0.6773467063903809, "text": "This is seriously my question. I understand how the sport is played, I just don't understand how the League system is setup. It's like this. If you are a Football (American) fan, you know that there is College Football (NCAA) and then professional Football the NFL) - that's it. There are elite teams in each, but in the end, there is only one \"BEST TEAM\" in the NFL and in the NCAA. However, Soccer seems to have many many leagues, thus many best teams... plus there is the World Cup (which apparently is only played every 4 years) and teams can put players on loan to other teams/leagues... I just don't get this concept at all. Who owns the teams? Who owns the players? Is there a draft? Are there agents? Am I even making any sense?\n\n**tl;dr: what the hell is the Premier League, Champions League, when the hell are the seasons, how can I become a Soccer fan?**", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1842602", "score": 0.677187442779541, "text": "Swarms of players have been requesting a chance to change their vote for the new NFL CBA since the contracts was sent to a full player vote a few short days ago. Player reps tried to put a new resolution to vote that would allow players to change their vote if they were having second thoughts about their initial vote to ratify the new CBA. Of course the executive board of the PA voted down the resolution, thus potentially trapping players into another 10 year CBA that sees the majority of the money stay among a few positions on the field; rather than get a bigger spread in contract extensions moving forward. And also lets talk about that 17th game. Let me know what you guys think. I'm already working on an update with some rather startling revelations that are becoming more apparent after every update regarding this situation. \n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\n&amp;#x200B;\n\n", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-540944", "score": 0.6770444512367249, "text": "Hey guys, i know you will and have probably gotten loads of these post. and sorry if this seems redundant.\n\nAnyways,\n\ni figure i should check out the afl and follow a team while the nfl is in off season. I am a die-hard Seattle Seahawks fan and would like to follow a team that is similar to them (if possible)\n\nSynopsis of the Seahawks:\n\nthe most loyal and Loudest fans in the NFL (we even caused an earth quake)\n\nThey Have never won a super bowl, and have had a lot of dark years throughout the franchises history. But They are one of the most exciting teams to watch.\n\nHave been the black sheep/underdog of the NFL until recently.\n\nCurrently have a very bright future, with an incredibly young team with high levels of talent.\n\nSo the question is, which team should i follow and why? \n\nThank you for your time and i look forward to your replies.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1700530", "score": 0.6766685843467712, "text": "I'm the commish for a league and we typically lock teams once they have no chance to make the playoffs. That said, I don't want to make an assumption that someone is out when a miracle could lead them to still make it..", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1024625", "score": 0.6766558885574341, "text": "So buddy is in a league where they literally do an entire re-draft every 3 weeks. I believe it's a total points league. Another buddy is in a league where they are unable to pick up players the entire season but do a draft of FAs half way through in a 14 team league.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-540993", "score": 0.6766383051872253, "text": "When you are a fan of any sporting team, it is well known that there are going to be ups and downs that come with supporting your team. It's inevitable with every team and in every sport, but it takes on a whole new meaning when it comes to New York sports. The expectations are higher, and the tolerance for anything below greatness is way, way lower..but everyone from the players to the owners to the fans are well aware of that.\n\nBeing a fan of New York sports has been rough as of late to say the least, and although I've been equally disappointed with a lot of my teams performances recently (Knicks, Yankees, Rangers), nobody knows how to set up my expectations and then tear my heart out quite like Gang Green.\n\nIt's one thing to have a rough season, but it's gotten to the point where I go into games expecting the worst and I almost don't get as upset with losses because I'm almost accepting the team as it is. With growing frustration with Idzik at an all time high, the teams younger players not performing like people had hoped, poor use of veterans (see Chris Johnson), and uncertainty with coaching being just a few of the issues creating turmoil, there are a lot of things that need fixing.\n\nTo the fans the solutions seem pretty straight forward, but it seems like the management and ownership will do what they want regardless of anyones opinions and it doesn't look like their decisions have panned out all that well in the past few seasons.\n\nMy point is: Is there something that could happen at the end of the season, during the offseason, at the draft, etc. that would just set you off as a fan? Better yet, is there something the team does **NOT** do that gets you equally as frustrated to the point where your tolerance and loyalty to the team is at an all time high and pushing you over the edge? I'm 21 so I haven't gone through as much hardship as older fans, but this is just a lot to take as a fan.\n\nTo be clear, we all know that we love this team and it pains me to see negative things being associated with them, but I just want to see everyones opinion and where the fan base is at.\n\nTL;DR The Jets have been testing their fans' patience for years now, at one point does it become too much and push you over the edge?\n\n\nEDIT: Glad to see that everyone will still support the team. They may be a bit of a mess, but they're our mess!", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-170089", "score": 0.6765845417976379, "text": "The Vikings were favored by 5.5 points aka the spread. So if you placed a bet on the Vikings to win, they needed to win by 5.5 or more in order for you to win. Kneeling the ball caused a 5 point margin of victory instead of 6. Anyone that bet the saints was getting 5.5 points so they all won and those that took the Vikings lost.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2079150", "score": 0.6765120029449463, "text": "Just been reading about it and what not. This article says 7 will be fired but is wrong cause it includes Rex\n\nSame with this one\n\nThis site is guessing 4-5\n\nI'm trying to find vegas like odds (which are generally pretty accurate ...money involved will do that) but can't\n\nSo the Browns have fired Chud\n\nEveryone is saying Shanahan is out in WSH\n\n\nWho do you think will be next? \n\nWill Detroit keep Schwartz? \n\nAre Munchak and Frazier out for sure? \n\nI see a lot of people saying Dennis Allen is out... but that seems odd/a bit unfair to me.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1131813", "score": 0.6763069033622742, "text": "Not cool, if true. It seems as though there should be some corroboration of the story that the debt mentioned (owed by Red Wings to City of Detroit) was forgiven. Assuming this was the case, the CBA is pretty clear about financial matters between the clubs and the NHL/NHLPA. I'm hoping this is a misunderstanding, but expecting erosion of the honorable history of the Red Wings.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1847269", "score": 0.6762902736663818, "text": "Frustrated Madden fan here. Before I buy '21, can anyone confirm whether or not there have been changes to franchise mode this year? Or is it the same thing we have seen the past 5 years.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-582128", "score": 0.6762692928314209, "text": "I have read up to the baseball fiasco and would like to know if there's more?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1843140", "score": 0.6762216687202454, "text": "I am a relatively new fan of the Detroit Lions... hopped onto the bandwagon right before Schwartz and company got sacked.\n\nWould we see some changes next week, continuity be damned... broadcast early that the positions are available for the taking?\n\nOr are we going to wait until Black Monday?\n\nI’m just not familiar with the tradition or usual thinking in this sort of thing.\n\nEdit: pluralness.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-67359", "score": 0.6760598421096802, "text": "NFL players have contracts. When there is a dispute in a contract, that's what the courts are for. This isn't specific to the NFL -- if Tom Brady had a contract working for Baskin-Robbins and there was a dispute it would be decided by a court as well.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1410681", "score": 0.6760227084159851, "text": "So I was drafted by the Vegas Golden Knights. RW. I worked my way up from the Chicago Wolves and became the top player in the league, best on the team in every category. The team made the playoffs but I was hit and was hurt for the next 89 days and missed them. At free agency I was only offered contracts by Vegas and Arizona. I chose Vegas and started the year with them. Played a couple games and then asked for a trade to a playoff team. They rejected it so I asked for a trade to any team and it was accepted. Couple games later, guess where I was traded. Yup. Arizona. They’re a tire fire in game and no matter how many goals I score, we still lose. The team is 0-5-0. I want to ask for another trade but that option is blacked out. How many games do I have to play with Arizona to be allowed to ask for a trade again?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2149903", "score": 0.6759105920791626, "text": "Why did they get rid of it anyways. I know scheme over team is preached too much, but I'd like to pick the Browns without getting paired up with the Eagles or Pats.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2204848", "score": 0.675829291343689, "text": "I've been mostly a baseball and basketball fan. Football's a very popular sport and so I thought it would be a good idea to start watching and following the NFL, since the season is about to start. If you could give me a overview and maybe some terms that would be great.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2358650", "score": 0.6757766008377075, "text": "I wasn't paying attention and now it seemed something controversial happened. Can someone tell me what the original thing was and waht the change was that pissed off people?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-214", "score": 0.7302064299583435, "text": "They can and did. ISO standard units called the SI units. Most everyone doing serious business is using them for most everything and have been for a while, non-SI units are just used in day-to-day stuff because people have preferences and it's generally not worth it to, for example, force Canadians to actually measure their mass in kilograms." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-54278", "score": 0.6935849785804749, "text": "Because the massive effort necessary to implement the change isn't worth it. A metric time system wouldn't really be all that much easier to use than our current time system. And it's not like the system of units where most people use metric and only stubborn countries (lookin' in a mirror, here) are holding out; everyone uses the same time system.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-250751", "score": 0.6935118436813354, "text": "The reason for this is that there are no U.S. customary units for Electric current, Resistance, Potential Difference, or charge, simply because the ability to measure these has only really been around since the world switched over to metric. (The metric system was put into use in most european nations around the early 1800s). Most of the measurements and laws came about after that, for example: [George Ohm](_URL_1_) (a German scientist) published Ohm's law in 1820. It's a semi complicated issue, I recommend you read [wikipedia's](_URL_0_) article for some more information.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-30948", "score": 0.6931535005569458, "text": "'We' didn't, someone did once and it got popular. Often the popular unit was at least a bit reworked later, like the second, but still much the same. Most units are defined in terms of other units. A Newton, for example, is 1 kilogram times 1 metres per second squared. The 'base' units tend to be fairly arbitrary. Someone just decided something. The kilogram, for example, is based on the 'prototype' kilogram object. That prototype is, by definition, 1kg in mass. As long as people reasonably agree on it being the base unit it's all good.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-97856", "score": 0.6930437684059143, "text": "\"Time\" is not a concept. Our concepts of time are. To put it another way, \"Length\" is a thing, but \"a meter\" or \"a mile\" are our own concepts. It doesn't matter what you call a meter, it'll still be the same length. As for how we, or other species *perceive* time, that has nothing to do with either. The way our brain (or the equivalent on a fly) works doesn't really care if you call it \"a second\" or not. If your brain processes more impulses *during* that time, it could be *perceived* as moving slower. Our own brain does that on occasion, usually in moments of emergency.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-252739", "score": 0.6928983926773071, "text": "SI units aren't based around what's simplest logically. They are about measurements. You can reproduce the Ampere from scratch if for some reason civilization lost all measurement devices. It's a particular force between two wires. A coulomb measurement came 80? years afterwards.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-688372", "score": 0.6927811503410339, "text": "Especially the pounds formula. Mixed units in one formula?! Uhg. We'll probably never switch to full metric, but one can dream.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-685820", "score": 0.6927070021629333, "text": "I mean, yeah, its stupid. It has no mathematical basis, no standard, no logic. The metric system is obviously better. \n\nBut the imperial system is fine. Just because it has no mathematical basis doesn't mean it lacks utility. My foreign friends online often get up in a pinch when I say something in the imperial measurement. I think people are too obsessed with the imperial system.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-246163", "score": 0.6923238635063171, "text": "One reason is that we have not had a reproducible way to measure mass that ties it to more fundamental units. There is effort to fix this in the form of the [watt balance](_URL_0_), which measure the mass of an object in terms of electrical units with more fundamental definitions. In order for this to become a new standard for mass, however, several national standards labs have to independently build watt balances and show that their measurements agree, presumably they should agree with better reproducibility than measurements based on the old (artifact) standard.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-253500", "score": 0.6918595433235168, "text": "Setting aside relativistic effects, a second is a defined standard unit. Therefore it is unlikely that seconds, minutes, or hours would change much, or the smaller units (milliseconds, etc.). Calendar units, however, like days, weeks, and months are going to be highly subject to change based on the characteristics of whichever planet as well as cultural / social / economic needs of whoever is living there.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-198576", "score": 0.6917843222618103, "text": "It did change during the French Revolution, as the rest of the metric system was introduced. The Revolutionary calendar was reasonably successful within the French Empire, but decimal time never was seriously implemented. And after the end of the French Empire the revolutionary calendar was largely forgotten. One reason I could see for this is that length and weight, the main other measurements in use back then, are properties of objects. It is relatively easy to use multiple systems of length or weight side by side, for various objects. But time organizes ideally all events, and to use different systems side by side defeats all purpose of calendar and clock. It is interesting to note that except some minor alterations to the calendar, calendars and the units of time have never been altered in the West at all, except for this experiment in the French Revolution.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-158396", "score": 0.6915026307106018, "text": "Actually, for timekeeping purposes, we use the cesium atoms' vibrations in the atomic clock as **THE** definition of the correct time. We set all our clocks to that one clock. It also keeps track of smaller units of time than it displays, since cesium atoms vibrate at exactly 9,192,631,770 Hz. We know the time down to one nine-millionth of a second. And, as for a smaller unit of time - yes, they exist, up until a point. The speed of light is the fastest something can go, and a plank distance is the shortest distance that something can move in the universe (like the universe's pixels if it were a screen). One plank time is the time it takes light to cross a plank distance; in other words, you literally cannot have a time shorter than a plank time, and there is no possible way to measure individual plank times.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-288633", "score": 0.6914823651313782, "text": "There is no way to define a universal present. Observers moving relative to each other or even at different gravitational locations will disagree on what constitutes \"the present\" (and by extension, the past and future as well).", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-92556", "score": 0.6908239722251892, "text": "Time quantization is a hypothetical concept. In the modern established physical theories (the Standard Model of Particles and Interactions and General Relativity) time is not quantized. Planck time (~ 5.4 × 10−44 seconds) is the unit of time in the system of natural units known as Planck units. Current established physical theories are believed to fail at this time scale, and many physicists expect that the Planck time might be the smallest unit of time that could ever be measured, even in principle. Tentative physical theories that describe this time scale exist; see for instance loop quantum gravity. _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-291095", "score": 0.690432608127594, "text": "According to Einstein's theory of relativity, every observer experiences time at a different rate, so there's no universal \"rate\" of time. The discrepancy between different observers is called [time dilation](_URL_0_). In science fiction, authors often use the concept of relative velocity time dilation, where space travelers might take a trip that seems short yet takes thousands of years to an outside observer. There is another form of time dilation based on gravity, called (fittingly enough) [gravitational time dilation](_URL_1_). It can be observed at different altitudes on Earth. If the Earth were 100 times more massive, time on Earth would seem to move more slowly to any outside observers, but it would feel the same to everyone on Earth. That's why time is called \"relative,\" because we can only understand it by comparing different rates.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-166276", "score": 0.6903262138366699, "text": "Time is a measurement based on the scale in which humans live and die. This is also reflected in the way we distinguish time given the orbit of Earth around the sun, the constellations and so forth. Having said that, observing something like say an asteroid,comet, or an entire galaxy have such a huge and nearly incomprehensible \"lifespan\" (for lack of a better term), time as we know it is essentially meaningless. To call it an illusion is a bit unfair. I like to think of it as a measurement or a reference point", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-834052", "score": 0.6902936100959778, "text": "Here on Earth, we measure a day based on how long it takes the planet to make a full rotation. I want to know how you would express time from the perspective of a space-faring civilization.\n\nWould you still use Earth time, for simplicity, or would you make up a new time cycle, for immersion?", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-97117", "score": 0.6900514960289001, "text": "Unit invented in America, so it stuck. Same reason America uses plenty of metric measurements.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-140632", "score": 0.6899675726890564, "text": "If I recall correctly, they did decide to convert to the metric system a good number of years ago. so the obvious answer would be any other way then that.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-297054", "score": 0.6899639964103699, "text": "Strictly speaking, there is only one fundamental unit in physics which we usually call mass. We relate all other units to mass by using fundamental constants as conversion factors. Mass and energy are related by c^2, energy and time are related by plank's constant, length and time are related by c, etc. In the case of temperature, it is related to energy by Boltzman's constant, and in some field of research temperatures are quoted in units of energy. So in this sense all units are derived except one, and in fact you could pick any one you want (it's just convention). The SI units are just a particular set of conventions.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-41539", "score": 0.6899030804634094, "text": "Change costs money, and the metric system isn't worth it, outside the the scientific community. In the scientific community, the US is a metric country.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-215", "score": 0.7302601337432861, "text": "\"We\" is comprised of tech-savvy desktop/laptop users. Mobile users and most internet users don't use adblock, and their revenue makes it worthwhile." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-98552", "score": 0.6936599016189575, "text": "The ads that can't be skipped are 15 seconds. The 30 second ones can usually be skipped after 5 seconds (you may have run into a rare one that can't be skipped). I suppose the 15 second one would be pricier because viewers have to sit through it.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-20864", "score": 0.6936249732971191, "text": "Despite that you quickly click to close them, you still see them. That's what count, that's what the companies pay for. Some companies pay for 15 second ads, some companies pay for 15 second ads with 3 second click away, some companies pay for \"just a small banner\".", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-858875", "score": 0.6933684349060059, "text": "Are they video ads that are targeting the display network as well? I think i had the misconception that video ads could only appear on Youtube if you were to run Google ads", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-45237", "score": 0.6932191252708435, "text": "> even if I don't care for their product(s)? One of the major purposes of advertising is to get their product's name into your mind. If you block it then that won't happen, so the ad company doesn't get to charge their client for the ad.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-541595", "score": 0.6930094361305237, "text": "Ad-blocking software has gone from a tiny niche to a mainstream product. Somewhere around 40% of Millennials are already using an ad blocker of some kind and the number grows every month. Globally we are over 150 million users and climbing rapidly.\n\nWe are rapidly entering a world in which nobody sees ads. Wikipedia survives on charity, I can't imagine the same can be said for most websites. So...without ads, how are websites (including this one) going to support themselves?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-407452", "score": 0.6928794384002686, "text": "So my friends I are looking to make a app that pays out when watching videos and we were wondering what would be the best way to go about buying ads\n\nAny ideas?", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1982341", "score": 0.69249027967453, "text": "In my mind, I don’t get why people are against getting ads and commercials that might appeal to them. If they are against it because they don’t like their data being used, what data is used anyway? I doubt they will get your bank account info and such.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-112440", "score": 0.6923430562019348, "text": "Because you're willing to watch the advertisements on top of the cable fees. The company isn't just not going to advertise if people are willing to sit through ads even if they paid for cable. That would be like walking away from free money. The company has bills to pay and stockholders to appease. If you don't like it, vote with your wallet and stop paying for cable. That's how the free market works.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2027014", "score": 0.6923351883888245, "text": "For me it's the \"YouTube loads ads perfectly, can't load videos for shit\" joke. I have AdBlock, so I never see any ads, and for me even 1080p videos load faster than I can watch them, so no waiting time.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2027038", "score": 0.6917590498924255, "text": "I.e. The advert 'thinks' it was shown, but the ad blocker blacked it out, or muted it or whatever. I don't mind waiting the amount of time it takes an ad to play, I just don't want to watch/see it. I ask this because I don't like using ad block because it doesn't give the creator, be it a website or youtuber, revenue. If I have to screw someone over, I'd prefer it to be the advertiser.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-331809", "score": 0.6917526125907898, "text": "For those who don't have an ad block software (I use Safari and I am unaware of a Safari program that blocks those ads), do you find yourself actually spending that time to watch a video or do you just press back and move on?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1113141", "score": 0.6917421817779541, "text": "I use \"adblock\", and I'm wondering if actually disabling this on websites I support actually makes a difference because I never actually click on the ads themselves.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1976295", "score": 0.6917157173156738, "text": "comment, upvote downfote etc on paid advertisements. I think this enhances the experience and the quality of feedback of business in the sense that they get a better feel of whst the massive userbase wants.\n\nI mean why not? Let's take the super bowl ads for an example. There are extensive articles on \"what are the best superbowl ads?\" This only leads to an enrichment of products and advertisements for future years. But if you disconnect your fans or viewers and you don't get feed back on your advertisements let alone the product itself that's pretty bad. This is ignoring the specific association to sales numbers, since I firmly believe that the value of a product can out sell the investment of the actual advertisement.\n\nAnyways what im trying to get at is, why do advertisements on reddit generally choose not to greater a discourse and if there is a negative view accept that and improve? I think that is the general flow and interms of Even memes people will continue to update and popularize what they want to see, even though there are thousands of ignored or downvoted ones. It's a process of evolution. Reformat the s teucture, branding, payment of your employees etc. To where they are payed for more of a \"spamming reddit\" rather than bring paid for each project. Isn't that how it works? Keep posting until you find your voice?\n\nAnyways there have been some advertisements where I specifically want to post positive comments because I specifically enjoy them but I cant any I think these things should be more open and avaliable.\n\nThanks\nTaku", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2357721", "score": 0.690828800201416, "text": "EDIT: I should point out that while I think it's wrong to have video advertisements on YouTube for the same reason you don't watch a commercial when you open an email (greedy little fuckers) it's the overuse and abuse of advertising I'm really trying to stop.\n\nEDIT dos: What happened to banner advertisements btw? Those used to be a thing!", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-1122368", "score": 0.6906758546829224, "text": "I think we can all agree that banner ads are annoying, ~~ineffective~~ and intrusive. So how will marketers continue to use the internet to their advantage in the coming years? I'd say that content is king.\n\nEDIT: Okay, so they've not been proven ineffective but I would argue that they are better with brand reinforcement than actually getting people to buy a product.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1975582", "score": 0.6906591653823853, "text": "Adblockers are you basically saying \"I want this content but i cant give 5 seconds to support the site/person\" that's just on videos too. Banner ads are so easy to tune out. Ads keep the internet free but everyone seems to be okay with adblock. People say, \"this sites ads are too intrusive\", then you can choose not to use that site. You aren't entitled to a site so if you dont want to play by their rules dont benefit from their work.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-165406", "score": 0.6905213594436646, "text": "Ads do pay a crap load of money, which supports google. It does pretty much cover all of the costs.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1976251", "score": 0.6904191970825195, "text": "Is a google a good platform for ads right now ? I’m afraid of just burning my money. I’m going to be in the sufficient range google tells me ?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2390632", "score": 0.6900569796562195, "text": "Unless eyeballs were herded artificially I dont see how the there could be so little engagement on such a highly viewed video. \n\nSo are corporate accounts just buying views ?", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1281781", "score": 0.6899281144142151, "text": "I’ve seen people bitching about how annoying these ads are, they can be annoying but every time I see one or two I think about how I am supporting the creators I watch even more. It’s also only like 12 seconds max which is nothing compared to the 10 minute video you are about to watch. Some creators even use ads to an advantage like a commercial break in the middle of the video. The alternative without the ads is no YouTube and no content to watch", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-216", "score": 0.6793212294578552, "text": "Some people think that when something happens, new versions of reality are made, one for each possible outcome of the thing happening. For example, you flip a coin. In one universe, the coin comes up heads. In another universe it comes up tails. Now say you decide to kill yourself. You get a gun and point it at your head and pull the trigger. In one universe, it goes off and you die. In another, the gun jams and you live. Since the only universe you are alive in is the one where you live, you experience that universe. Therefore, according to you, you do not die. This happens every time you have a chance of dying. According to you, you can never die." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-163866", "score": 0.6453311443328857, "text": "There's nothing pretentious about Schrödinger's cat as a thought experiment. He was one of the pioneers of quantum theory and one of the most important physicists of all time, and he was making a very serious point. What he was trying to do was to point out that there are absurd and potentially disturbing implications if our understanding of the theory is correct. That's it.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2386105", "score": 0.6453298330307007, "text": "I read once that the only truly productive (albeit solely individual) act in this life might be suicide, because it is the only direct and intentional passage apparently away from the 'known' universe, to something wherein the properties of existence may actually transpose into something different from this entirely vapid and meaningless tangle of organic/electrical activity. Either way...\n\nI can see why many believe in a God. They don't realize that they are simply trying to reconcile the matter of flowing powelessly down a river of inevitability, by giving a name to the water - while it's ultimately formless, and merely accidental.\n\nThe force of entropy isn't bigger than us. We are one in the same.\n\nIf nothing else, clearing my own mind in meditation of silence - even for a moment - can free me up on this path I choose to persist on. No sense in banging into rocks on the rapids, on the way to the waterfall, so to speak.\n\nGo easy on yourselves. And this isn't meant to be a purist proof on nihilism per se, but my heart is there.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-324713", "score": 0.6453043222427368, "text": "Photons are not restricted from occupying the same quantum state like a few other particles are (electrons obviously), so we wouldn't have to worry about anything like the Pauli exclusion principle getting in the way... In fact, the ability of a photon to exhibit this behavior is where we get the ability to make lasers and the like. Now if you want to gather up all of the photons and sit them in one place, I would have to assume a singularity and black hole would inevitably follow, but I will leave that part up to someone who is more qualified than I to answer. That is a pretty interesting prospect.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-252609", "score": 0.6452058553695679, "text": "Particle/antiparticle pairs can come in and out of existence for no reason at all. The reason is the time-energy uncertainty relation, which basically says energy can come from nothing as long as it doesn't \"live\" for very long.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-300514", "score": 0.6451818943023682, "text": "Yes, that is what it means. Do remember, though, that strings and quantum foam are speculative ideas. The Planck length is a distance scale at which our current theories break down, so we don't really know what's going on there.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-286700", "score": 0.6450495719909668, "text": "> What part of my reasoning is wrong? The reasoning is not wrong, however you are assuming that each level has a 100% precise energy. In reality, each state has a [nonzero energy width](_URL_0_) to it. The width of the state is inversely proportional to the lifetime, so only states which *never* decay have infinitely precise energies. Any excited state can decay in a finite amount of time, so it has nonzero energy width. Then there are additional effects which broaden lineshapes, due to the finite temperature of the material, and the presence of other identical atoms nearby, etc. But what I mentioned above is true even for a single isolated atom. So the energy of the photon doesn't have to be exact in order for the transition to occur; it just has to lie within some finite energy window for the transition to occur with a reasonable probability.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-271896", "score": 0.6450309157371521, "text": "This has nothing to do with quantum physics or spacetime. Quite simply, it is impossible for two separate wavefronts to have complete destructive interference everywhere. The total energy will be conserved, it is simply redistributed via constructive interference elsewhere.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-2386209", "score": 0.6449337601661682, "text": "To begin, let me clarify that I do not mean the specific views espoused in Everett's thesis, but rather the modern revision of his many worlds interpretation (MWI). Everett was unaware of decoherence, which fixes definite flaws in his version of MWI.\n\nI take it as an axiom that a realist interpretation (by which I mean an interpretation in which our theories are models of the real physical world) is better than a non-realist interpretation, and I think that all other such interpretations are lacking in some important way.\n\nAnytime we take collapse of the wavefunction to be an actual process that occurs in nature, we have to specify the conditions under which collapse occurs. If we say that \"observation causes collapse\" we have to specify what counts as an observer. If we say that observer = conscious being, then we are positing a special status to conscious beings which seem (according to all observations) to be made of all the same stuff that the rest of the world is made of. This seems ridiculous to me, and can cause paradoxes in some cases if you allow multiple observers. On the other hand, if we take anything else to be the cause of collapse, we are positing new physics, for which there is no empirical evidence (at least as far as I know, please correct me if I'm wrong).\n\nI'm not well-versed in non-collapse models other than MWI, but in my brief acquaintance, it seems that they all either posit new physics (as above), or are unnecessarily complicated.\n\nThe beauty of MWI is that it gets rid of collapse, vastly simplifying the theory by positing that the world just evolves unitarily in accordance with the Schrodinger equation and nothing else.\n\nIt seems to me that the main objection to MWI is that we cannot observe the \"other worlds\" i.e. there are parts of the wavefunction of the universe that are causally disconnected from us. Personally, I feel this objection fails on two fronts: \n\n1) There is no reason to assume that every part of the real world would be causally connected to any observers contained in it. In fact, I'd argue that it would be surprising if that were the case.\n\n2) I think the objection is of the same sort as denying that objects have interiors. We can never see the interior of an object (If it is broken open, the part exposed is no longer the interior), but a model of the world without such interiors would of necessity be very artificial, and really, no one would take it seriously.\n\nIf it helps you to craft a convincing argument, my background is in mathematics, and I'm just learning physics on the side because it is vaguely related to my work, and out of personal interest.\n_____\n\n&gt; *Hello, users of CMV! This is a footnote from your moderators. We'd just like to remind you of a couple of things. Firstly, please remember to* ***read through our rules]( *If you see a comment that has broken one, it is more effective to report it than downvote it. Speaking of which,* ***[downvotes don't change views](#wiki_upvoting.2Fdownvoting)****! If you are thinking about submitting a CMV yourself, please have a look through our* ***[popular topics wiki]( *first. Any questions or concerns? Feel free to* ***[message us***. *Happy CMVing!*", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-73482", "score": 0.6449310183525085, "text": "It's just a specific form of the general \"kill your grandfather\" style time-travel paradoxes. Basically, relativity allows (theoretically) for the ability of wormholes (two connected points in space time) to act as a time machine of sorts. Polchinski's paradox was what if you sent a billiard ball through the wormhole into the past such that it collides with its previous self, deflecting it so that it never enters the wormhole in the first place.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-7186", "score": 0.6449263691902161, "text": "This question is better suited for /r/askscience (unless you're not at all interested in actually understanding QM at any level.) *\"I'm not going to simplify it, I'm not gonna fake it. I'm not gonna tell you it's something like a ball bearing on a spring.\"* This was said by Richard Feynman during one of this introductory lectures to Quantum Electrodynamics, and there's a lot of truth to it. The thing is, no one understands QM in the sense that they can clearly picture what it is, and how it affects the world. Scientists understand it in terms of mathematics. By all means, it's not a bad question. Sure, you wont really understand QM from reading a Reddit post, but it's possible to get a general idea of what it entails. However, it's much better suited for /r/askscience, where legitimate scientists can answer the questions in a better way.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1467195", "score": 0.6448799967765808, "text": "many people seek ego death to get closer to an awakening or enlightenment. why is that?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-265364", "score": 0.6448600888252258, "text": "While dBB works well with nonrelativistic mechanics, it is very challenging to make it compatible with special relativity (you break locality and need a preferred reference frame, for example), and it gets even worse if you want to combine it with quantum field theory, where things like particle numbers don't have to be well-defined any more. And you don't gain anything. \"Shut up and calculate\" is the easiest practical approach if you want to work with it. While the Copenhagen interpretation is not directly \"shut up and calculate\", it is closer to that. There is also the historic argument. Copenhagen came first and made it into the textbooks. If all interpretations would have started at the same time, and with today's knowledge about decoherence, I would expect Many-Worlds to be much more popular.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-248467", "score": 0.6448248624801636, "text": "You definitely have a few misconceptions about quantum mechanics. While I believe others are more qualified than I to correct these, I still can provide a few resources to help learn. In specific, I recommend [*From classical to quantum Shannon theory*](_URL_2_) by Mark Wilde. This book adroitly discusses quantum information theory, as well as classical information theory. Furthermore, I feel the need to point out there are major pitfalls associated with thinking about quantum information in terms of classical information transfer. Indeed, this is why the concepts of [accessible information](_URL_1_), and [Holevo information](_URL_0_) exist separately. The Holevo information, which is an upper bound on the accessible information, is a generalization of how much information can be transferred in a quantum system. On the other hand, accessible information is the amount of classical information that can be transferred. In other words, not all information transmitted can be accessed.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-274453", "score": 0.6446942687034607, "text": "Many applications of quantum mechanics have become downright mundane. Lasers, leds, transistors... The microprocessors in your computers are inherently quantum mechanical devices. (That is not to say that they do quantum *computations* - quantum computers are a different matter entirely. It's just that all modern electronics is based on semiconductors, and semiconductors cannot be understood using just classical physics. Especially at the nanometer scale.)", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2667", "score": 0.6446645259857178, "text": "Let's say you have two pieces of chocolate. You know that one of them has caramel inside and one has nougat inside, but they look the same and there's no way to tell the difference. You give one to your friend. Your friend takes it on a trip far away. Later you bite into your chocolate and find out that it has caramel inside. You instantly know, without needing to communicate, that your friend's chocolate has nougat inside. Correct me if I'm wrong but I think this is essentially what quantum entanglement is about.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-305602", "score": 0.6446038484573364, "text": "Suicide presents an [interesting paradox.](_URL_0_) While depressed people are more likely to commit suicide, the probability that a depressed person will commit suicide seems to be influenced by the happiness of those around them. That is, if one is miserable, and everyone around is miserable, then they are less likely to kill themselves than if everyone around is generally happy. So prosperous societies tend to have higher rates of suicide than impoverished ones.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-254089", "score": 0.6446005702018738, "text": "There will be some people with strong opinions replying to you, but the truth is that we cannot answer this from our current state of knowledge. Interpretations that think the wave-function is a real physical object are called *psi-ontic*, while interpretations that think the wavefunction only describes our knowledge of the system are called *psi-epistemic*. Neither notion could be ruled out by experiment so far.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1387883", "score": 0.6445490121841431, "text": "Just like when one has an ill heart, it can kill you with a heart attack. Just like when one has cancer, eventually it can kill you. Now when one has an ill brain, which causes you depression, is suicide the brain's way of eventual death? I've been pondering about this for quite awhile. To me it makes sense but then again, I don't know.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-270096", "score": 0.6444804668426514, "text": "This used to be debated, but the modern understanding is that \"observation\" (ie what causes apparent collapse of the wave function) happens when the system under study becomes irreversibly entangled with the environment. For example if you are studying an electron, and the electron emits a photon that is absorbed by a chair in your lab, then you have observed it. Ideally of course, that photon would be absorbed by a scientific instrument and then looked at by a live human, but that is not necessary.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-17673", "score": 0.6444622874259949, "text": "This is the least ELI5 I have ever seen. \"Postulates\", \"relativity of simultaneity\", \"maxwell equations\". What the hell am I reading?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-217", "score": 0.6294007301330566, "text": "I don't know for certain, but think about it: Plants are sedentary. They find a particular kind of environment that suits them well and, for the most part, stay in one place for their whole lives. They don't need to develop systems that allow for locomotion. They don't need to develop complex tissues and organs that make up that system, nor the vessels and oxygen transport mechanism to ensure the cells in the locomotion system stay energized. They don't require much energy since, again, they stay put; they make their own energy, and it's enough to get by on. Much of the complexity of animal life revolves around how they tweak the basic mechanics of moving around. Where does it move? How does it move? What does it require in order to move? How much and what kind of energy does it need? Does it regulate its own internal temperature?" } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-644701", "score": 0.5979288220405579, "text": "Are all existing plants, animals, bacteria and viruses the product of one single occurrence of \"spontaneous life generation?\" If one were to assume that life began on our planet completely spontaneously, it would be logical to assume that this incident could potentially occur again.\n\nYes, competition from more advanced species/entities would reduce the probability of survival for a brand new life form, and the conditions of our Earth today are significantly different from the Earth 2.5 billion years ago, but maybe one life form was able to slip through the cracks? What about two separate life forms initiating and evolving in complete isolation of one another? Is there any proof that something like this has occurred?", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-79702", "score": 0.5979235172271729, "text": "You're right, it is inefficient. The answer is because evolution is not an intelligent process and will produce all kinds of dumb hacks as long as they work. Mixing oxygen rich and poor blood is dumb, but amphibians haven't been held back by that because they don't need the extra blood oxygenation to thrive.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-645427", "score": 0.5978902578353882, "text": "I was hoping someone could help me out here. Advocates of evolution by means of natural selection often say most (or a majority of) mutations to DNA cause poor traits. Why is this the case?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-34143", "score": 0.5978857278823853, "text": "this idea only works from the frame work that we are 'advanced' compared to other creatures. In fact, we are all equally advanced at what niche we occupy.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-183842", "score": 0.5978204011917114, "text": "On the contrary, most carnivorous plants live in places where nitrogen is scarce. The nitrogen is what the plants are trying to *get* from the insects they eat, along with some other things like phosphorus and magnesium. There's no excess nitrogen since they aren't getting enough to begin with. Also, plants in general want more nitrogen to help build proteins and chlorophyll. Animals end up with excess nitrogen because we don't build many of those proteins - because we eat them. Since plants *do* make them, they need the nitrogen and, in general, plants absorb nitrogen from their environment. They always want more.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-39754", "score": 0.597812294960022, "text": "I'll try to ELY5 with a very simple example. Let's say there is a population of 10 deer. 8 of them are regular, but 2 of them have a genetic trait that makes them run a lot faster than the others. The other deer get eaten because they are slow, the faster deer don't get eaten. The uneaten faster deer procreate in greater numbers than the slower deer that get eaten, resulting in increasingly greater numbers of the fast deer, until all the deer become faster because these fast deer were \"naturally selected\" for their ability to outrun predators", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-21388", "score": 0.5978057980537415, "text": "Some were. A lot of prehistoric animals weren't particularly big. A lot of living animals are enormous. It's just that the big ones are the most interesting, so you think about them more, and they get more attention. On a separate note, the past is, if nothing else, *different* from the present. Which means that the animals that occupied different niches were different, so we see a different set of big animals compared to small ones.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-63716", "score": 0.5978052616119385, "text": "Unless they can be linked to Earth life somehow they'd likely be given their own separate classification system. Our system on Earth is based on the idea that the different species can be traced back to one or a few primordial species that have since diversified. All the animals, plants, mushrooms, and slime molds are related if you go back far enough and our system reflects that. An alien organism that is not related in any way to Earth life and has radically different biology would require its own separate (but similar) system of classification.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-252286", "score": 0.5977828502655029, "text": "An answer to your question is found in this online report: _URL_0_ Although there are only two present day species of the genus *Alligator*, in the past there were more species, which had a common ancestor 50-20 million years ago in North America. The fossil record indicates the ancestral migration was from North America to Asia. Geographic isolation of populations resulted due to cooling climate between the two continents at the Bering Sea after the Miocene, resulting in present day species living so far apart.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-171021", "score": 0.5977783799171448, "text": "OK, the major bulk of what makes plants is neither dirt nor sunlight. It's the other thing they eat which you've forgotten. Plants breathe in C02 and breathe out oxygen. They keep the carbon and make their bodies out of it. So they're taking a couple of trace elements out of the ground and they're using the sunlight to post the prude of extracting carbon from the air to use as their structure material", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-129137", "score": 0.5977566242218018, "text": "All humans share about 99.9% of their genes. You take any two people from anywhere and you'll find only 0.1% difference. That's a much smaller chunk to have to deal with. But its still hard, and we still havent fully done it. Lots of small issues, especially since each of us has variation. But we do have an idealized human genome mapped out. That is, a genome where things are... averaged out. very close, but not what any individual would truly posses. The details on an individual level are much trickier. As a related point, humans share 50% of their genome with Bananas.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-255873", "score": 0.597754180431366, "text": "> I honestly never liked the theory of evolution due to nobody ever answering this question. The answer is implied in the theory of evolution. Simply put (very simply), you have a population of, like in your example, horses (although I will skip the how can I make horses into giraffes because that is not the correct way of thinking about evolution). There is variability in this group. Some horses have short necks, others have longer ones. This is a inherited trait. Now, because grass is scarce the horses with longer necks will survive more often than those with short necks because they have access to food sources the horses with short necks don't (the leaves in trees). As a consequence, long-neck horses will have offspring at a grater rate than those with short necks. Over time, the average neck length of this population will be longer than it was in the beginning.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-300752", "score": 0.5977278351783752, "text": "Most of them are in the ocean because, well the planet is mostly water. The chances are just greater you're going to find them there. But to give you a few examples of what you seek there are the Himalayas, Ring of Fire mountain chain around basically all of the pacific, and a really cool place in Iceland where you can actually see and dive in between two plates. :)", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-265618", "score": 0.5976821780204773, "text": "This is a lot like the chicken and the egg; the seed didn't simply pop out of thin air as your fundie friend would assume. The earliest land plants reproduced with using spores which germinated into small gametophytes and produced sperm. This sperm would swim into the soil until it would find an ovule and form an embryo. This embryo would eventually grow into a sporophyte. Heterosporic plants produced spores of 2 sizes, micro and megaspores. Eventually, a single megaspore would get boxed into its sporangium while growing. The growing spore (now a megagametophyte) is contained within a tough outer protective layer. This is only one way that seeds were formed in plant life. There are several different evolutionary paths that ultimately converged into spermatophytes (seed plants). Source: [Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants](_URL_0_)", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-82474", "score": 0.5976503491401672, "text": "It gets less water, fertilizer due to the way that equipment for that work. Also, because the ground surrounding it gets more sun more water may evaporate before being absorbed by the plant.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-272634", "score": 0.5976457595825195, "text": "The difficulties of answering such questions are outlined in the [**Biology FAQ**](_URL_0_). Refrain from guessing and speculation in your responses.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-148221", "score": 0.59764164686203, "text": "Potentionally none, and potentionally great. The thing is evolution doesn't progress only in areas where there is clear advantage. On the contrary, lots of things are just \"stitched\" together in sub-optimal /counter productive ways. We evolve this way because we survived, more so than we survived because we evolved this way.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-46512", "score": 0.5976265072822571, "text": "Do you have a source for the fact that it does? It can make certain plants grow less just because they need a certain ratio in the atmosphere. So overall it could produce less if the plant was smaller. But global impact wise there are a lot bigger issues than any minor impact on crop nutrients. I work in the field of environmental engineering and I never hear that mentioned.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-98966", "score": 0.5976260304450989, "text": "They aren't one species. The Pinniped clade is composed of 33 diverse species of seals. There is the Antarctic Fur Seal, the Harp Seal, the Harbor Seal, etc. They aren't the same at all.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-32660", "score": 0.5975911021232605, "text": "Cows have an insane digestive system that's capable of deriving a *lot* more nutrients out of grass. You may have heard that cows have four stomachs, for example. We don't have that (:", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-219", "score": 0.7490260004997253, "text": "Student Civil Engineer here. To put it as if you are actually 5. Imagine there is a road, now underneath that road there is soil. Over time water can erode (takes away) bits of soil. Over a period of time there is now no more soil under the road since the water has eroded it and there is just a big hole. Eventually the road cannot support its own weight and collapses into the empty space. This is a sinkhole. The reason why i said over time and over a period of time is because these can happen fast (during floods) or very slowly. A leak in a sewage pipe over years dropping small amounts of water every few minutes can still create a sinkhole. Hope this is helpful." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-834478", "score": 0.7087078094482422, "text": "\n\nGeologically speaking, how does something like that just happen?", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-542209", "score": 0.703093945980072, "text": "I've noticed more sinkholes on the news in the past while and was wondering is this due to more reporting by the media or will the world eventually swallow us all??", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-41983", "score": 0.7015673518180847, "text": "Nothing, that is why it sinks... Water gradually undercuts a portion of the ground, carrying away the material leaving an empty cavern. Eventually the ground on top gives way, filling in the hole and dropping what is above down into the new pit.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-248526", "score": 0.6936779618263245, "text": "Before the sinkhole can be filled other problems need to be addressed. The city sits on unconsolidated soil that can easily be washed away, which, in addition to the tropical storms and heavy rainfall, likely added to the formation of this hole. The underground water system needs to be thoroughly inspected to detect if there are other places where something disastrous like this could occur. As for filling it in, if this is what they decide to do, it would be quite an endeavor. In order to preclude large amounts of settlement in the surrounding area, the fill material would need to be placed in controlled lifts and compacted. In a hole this deep with vertical sides this is nearly impossible to do safely. I am interested to see how they go about fixing this.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-108759", "score": 0.6909389495849609, "text": "Some subsurface activity has weakened or removed part of the underground. An example might be water dissolving soluble stone, like limestone, leaving a void. Material above that void is going to want to collapse into the void under the influence of gravity. They may search for people/material in a sinkhole, but the scope likely depends on the size of the event. Sometimes remains are not recovered because it may be too dangerous or too complex to reach them. Depending on where they are and what kind of issues they pose, they may be left alone, cordoned off, or filled in.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-174095", "score": 0.6905397772789001, "text": "Underground streams or water percolating through rock dissolves or wears away material creating cave systems. In places where the rock doesn't have much strength, repeated roof collapses means that effectively the void moves upwards as rock falls downwards. Eventually there is just a thin crust which can't support the weight above and it opens up to the surface.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-299425", "score": 0.6888462901115417, "text": "They are caused by the expansion and contraction of ground water after the water has entered into the ground under the pavement. When water freezes, it expands. Think of when ice cubes are made. A tray full of water is put into the freezer, and when you remove the tray from the freezer, you will notice the water has expanded. This same effect happens when water gets into the ground under the pavement. If it has a chance to freeze, it will take up more space under the pavement, and the pavement will expand, bend, and crack, which weakens the material pavement. Then when ice melts, the pavement contracts and leaves gaps or voids in the surface under the pavement, where water can get in and be trapped. If the water freezes and thaws over and over, the pavement will weaken and continue cracking. As the weight of cars and trucks pass over the weak spot in the road, pieces of the roadway material weaken, which will cause the material to be displaced or broken down from the weight, creating the pothole.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-57560", "score": 0.6887710690498352, "text": "The road that got the sinkhole was supported by the earth. The elevated freeway in Atlanta was supported by concrete posts that were weaken by the heat and the stress of the collapse. New posts must be formed, and then a new roadway fitted above them. It will take months.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-290420", "score": 0.6876425743103027, "text": "There are well-known places where this happens today. The [La Brea Tar Pits](_URL_0_), for one. The Oil Creek Valley in Pennsylvania is another. Wiki also has a general article on [oil seeps](_URL_1_).", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-40965", "score": 0.6839389204978943, "text": "Melted snow seeps underneath the pavement and causes the structure beneath the street to shift and settle. Essentially it is a miniature sinkhole.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-184643", "score": 0.6778160929679871, "text": "Potholes form when water gets into cracks in the road surface and freezes at night. When water freezes, it expands. This pushes the crack wider and wider until passing cars knock pieces out. Potholes can form in the fall or spring but are more likely in the spring. The snow accumulation over winter is a constant source of water that melts during the day and flows into the cracks.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-86524", "score": 0.6757382750511169, "text": "The underground explosion vaporizes the rock around it, forming essentially a hollow bubble below the surface. The surface and all of the rock above this void then collapse down into the empty space forming what's called a subsidence crater. [This image](_URL_0_) shows how it happens.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-706925", "score": 0.675322949886322, "text": "If you live on Maryland, Summerlea, or College, I would recommend getting a pitcher of water or two before they cut the water. I'm not sure what areas are affected, but I live on Maryland and noticed a significant drop in water pressure.\n\nI stood by the growing sinkhole for about 45 minutes before the city responded. This break, according to the Public Safety worker that showed up, is \"really bad.\"", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-244121", "score": 0.6720022559165955, "text": "Caver/geologist here. Along with red_polo's explanation, eventually, you hit water. Even [Krubera](_URL_0_) ends in a sump. There's the possibility these caves could be pushed even further with advanced diving gear, but all caves pinch out eventually. Interesting note: at Devil's Hole in Death Valley, there's a desert hole pupfish that lives in the water there. It only lives in the top couple of feet of water, but the hole goes to tremendous depths. The hole goes to at least several hundred feet, and one or two divers who went in (illegally) never came back and their bodies have never been recovered.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-250773", "score": 0.6689080595970154, "text": "These kinds of mountains are called karst and you can read about them here: _URL_0_. Basically, they were created by the softer ground around them corroding instead of like normal mountains which are pushed up from the ground.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-132363", "score": 0.6683768033981323, "text": "The weight compresses the ground faster then the areas around it. Some areas carry more weight then others so they \"sink\" faster. It's a very slow process if the house it built properly for the ground type it's built on. There's a little more to it but that's the jist of it.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-237684", "score": 0.6681979298591614, "text": "It is just rain that has permeated through one layer of soil/rock, travelling downhill underground, and has hit a less permeable layer and moved sideways until it can escape to the surface. A more interesting type is an Artesian well, where the water ends up under pressure because of an impermeable layer (perhaps clay) on the top: _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-271858", "score": 0.6681736707687378, "text": "There are, many of them former from trapped gas pockets during volcanic eruptions, or groundwater eroding softer stone and then changes in flow leave the chamber intact but unreachable. There are several ways to find such voids, we can detect them by drilling when the bit drops unexpectedly, if they are close enough to the surface using ground penetrating radar, from orbit if they are large enough by temperature variances where none should be there, or using a technique to measure electrical resistance across a given section of dirt in areas with the right soil type and moisture content (the void space doesn't conduct electricity so the value is lower than a solid chunk)", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-243802", "score": 0.6681376695632935, "text": "As /u/ChrisSlicks has mentioned this was apparently a deep mine shaft that had filled in. The movement was caused by the continuous erosion of the edges disturbing the water. On a related note, if you dig down to a certain depth you will reach what is called the water table. This is where the soil is fully saturated with ground water. When you dig on a beach eventually your hole will start to fill with water. That is because you have reached the water table depth.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-99593", "score": 0.6663152575492859, "text": "The hole would likely collapse, or if not it would fill with water... then collapse/fill with sediment. FYI, the Earth is not hollow.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-220", "score": 0.78068608045578, "text": "No. Ads are usually provided by a 3rd party company from their servers, not the same server that is delivering the rest of the content on the page, so they can often take longer to load compared to other stuff on the page. They are often also image-heavy, which means they take longer to load than text. They are also usually inserted into the page using javascript, so that they can load several different ads to different viewers on the same page, or target ads to different users, or track impressions, & c. The script that loads these ads often runs after other content in the page has loaded, so that the page doesn't have to wait on the ads & just display as blank while the ads load (this would lose you a ton of visitors, & make the ads worthless because there'd be no visitors to see them once they do load)." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-61760", "score": 0.7411754727363586, "text": "The page is hosted on a server somewhere and the adds are drawing information from a different server. If the server hosting the webpage is slower than the ad host, then the adds can load before the page content. This effect can be removed by manually changing load order for the page, placing advertisements at the bottom of the load order, to ensure that your content shows up first. There are some online advertising companies that gather information when their ads are displayed and they can really slow down a site. These adservices require that they load first, and they bog down the site with the data collection making the rest of the load order take forever. Try something like adblock and see if it clears up the loading problems. As a final option, it could always be malware.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-101044", "score": 0.7383390665054321, "text": "It seems like what you see must just be one thing since it's just a single screen, but the individual parts can come from lots of different web servers. Here on reddit you see a lot of pics from Imgur--the text comes from a reddit server and the pics come from an imgur server. Also, it is possible to tell on portion of the screen to load first. Sometimes the ad servers are faster than the website you are visiting. Funny but I usually notice a different thing with ads--the ad servers are slow and I can tell it's holding me up from seeing the page.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2028186", "score": 0.7382292151451111, "text": "If an ad isn't loaded it'll have some text be in it's place. Then the ad finishes loading and the entire list of posts will shift up or down some making it super frustrating trying to click on anything. \n\nOn an s8\nApp ver. Is 4.8.18", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-70597", "score": 0.7370894551277161, "text": "It's an acknowledgement that you are actually viewing the site and you weren't just randomly redirected or accidently clicked a link. . It's a way to measure if the article is actually interesting to viewers and also verification that you are viewing their ads for more than just a split second, which is all general click counts are good for.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2028334", "score": 0.7363688349723816, "text": "Has anyone else had a bunch of ads keep opening on their feed after the scroll past them and being unable to close them without hard-closing the app?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-74778", "score": 0.7342245578765869, "text": "The reason is probably so that they can put a huge full screen ad over the page that takes way too long to load. There should be a setting in your browser to emulate a real computer, then it'll send the desktop page.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-13329", "score": 0.7339325547218323, "text": "Often it is the click to the app itself or whatever other crap being offered. Sites make money on clicks sometimes, and sometimes also on how much of the screen the ad takes up. It's a shady tactic and I personally tend to avoid those sites that do it often, with a possible exception to those that are self-advertising.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-136881", "score": 0.7304964661598206, "text": "Load times, cleaner design and the perception is that if you're browsing on a mobile device, you want quick, easy access to the most common parts to that website. Not a complete experience, otherwise you would be on a desktop browser. Whether that is right or wrong varies from person to person but essentially, the website creator / business is just trying to be helpful by scaling back on what they deem unnecessary clutter for mobile browsing.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-20864", "score": 0.7278035283088684, "text": "Despite that you quickly click to close them, you still see them. That's what count, that's what the companies pay for. Some companies pay for 15 second ads, some companies pay for 15 second ads with 3 second click away, some companies pay for \"just a small banner\".", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-87202", "score": 0.7271062135696411, "text": "because it is a click that can be counted as traffic, as well as a refresh to load more or new ads", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-2028578", "score": 0.7264688611030579, "text": "I've started to notice that the Ads fall to the bottom of the search results page rather than stay at the top. Why is that?", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1113141", "score": 0.7259486317634583, "text": "I use \"adblock\", and I'm wondering if actually disabling this on websites I support actually makes a difference because I never actually click on the ads themselves.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-16269", "score": 0.7252087593078613, "text": "Every time you click next it refreshes the page thus the ads causing more revenue.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-191807", "score": 0.7250450849533081, "text": "It's the same as if you were playing a flash game in the browser. When the ad comes in, it loads this \"flash\" game, it's a specifically designed ad that allows you to play for 30 seconds and then it turns off to a normal static ad usually", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-857402", "score": 0.7241489291191101, "text": "I am leaning towards the ads. That bar is driving me crazy and I've come to expect some ads to be placed on all pages throughout the web anyway.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-93081", "score": 0.7240525484085083, "text": "All those other sites are used to track you. The site showing you the ad want to know you clicked it. The ad network wants to know you clicked it. The ad purchaser wants to know you clicked it. One of them is probably selling information about whether you clicked the ad to a third party. Somewhere along the line, somebody is going to run this into another system that actually analyzes your behavior rather than simply tracking clicks.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-857739", "score": 0.7238023281097412, "text": "These ads could be put in along the full length of an article, so that they all get seen. Wouldn't that generate the same number of impressions, while eliminating the need for splitting an article into multiple pages?\n\nEDIT: isn't it the number of ads shown, not the number of page clicks, that counts?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2440514", "score": 0.7224376797676086, "text": "Quite often I'll click a link and just before the page reloads, I'll catch part of an ad and think \"Hey! What was that?\"\n\nHowever the back button doesn't display the last ad and it would be nice to be able to go back.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-105161", "score": 0.7219586372375488, "text": "If they are displaying ads on the page, then that's 30 seconds that you might be looking at the ads, and decide to click on one.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-95605", "score": 0.7210133075714111, "text": "Lots of reasons: * It allows the page to load faster in order to get all those ads in. * It validates the interest in the article that justifies the rates charged to advertisers. * Enables the page to fit the horizontal screen of a lap top. * It enables them to switch ads in order to get more advertiser exposure. * Enables the memory required to fit the limited capability of a smart phone. * Enables them to offer an online subscription.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-221", "score": 0.6771558523178101, "text": "Yes, it would be, but then there would also be a finite amount of aluminum on earth and we would never be able to have more bottles and cans than we do right now. The world is growing and we still have a need for new aluminum. People like airplane manufacturers and NASA need lots of high quality aluminum so they are willing to pay for the good stuff, coke doesn't need anyhting other than tin cans so they likely wont pay a premium for new aluminum and jsut use the recycled stuff." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-316429", "score": 0.6431977152824402, "text": "Disposed batteries is a bit of a misnomer. Telsa for example, plans on recycling the battery packs present in their cars for reuse. Obviously it requires energy to recycle them and make new batteries out of them, but there shouldn't be any massive need to dump batteries somewhere since they can all be reused. Any negative consequences are far outweighed by the pollution and damage to the environment that cars with internal combustion engines produce. Electric vehicles have no tailpipe emissions and have a much simpler design - a lot less material is needed to produce an electric vehicle (excluding the battery pack) compared to an ICE, so that should also offset any damage caused by an EV-centric economy.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-75877", "score": 0.6431897878646851, "text": "No. First there's the high transportation cost. Then there's the fact that it doesn't just \"disappear\" as harmful chemicals and pollutants are released into the atmosphere. It's really not much different than incinerating garbage locally just with a much higher transportation cost.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-86555", "score": 0.6431670784950256, "text": "The problem may be that your nutritional costs would increase more than your power costs would decrease. To give a good comparison, you should consider how many calories are burned producing how much energy.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-305219", "score": 0.6430895924568176, "text": "Breaking it in half will expose more surface area. The higher the surface area to volume ratio the faster it will tend to dissolve.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-174337", "score": 0.6430140137672424, "text": "Because the problem isn't just that they cost more than their face value to make. If it was, we would just make them from steel. It's that handling such a small unit of value is a waste of time and effort.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-929396", "score": 0.6429451107978821, "text": "I keep reading about how China won't take any more plastic for recycling, and how plastic recyclables end up in the ocean or incinerated. Is it still worth it to recycle plastic? I'm trying to reduce my consumption as much as possible, but is it better to send it to the local landfill where I know it won't be burnt or end up in a bird's gut?", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2021255", "score": 0.6429218053817749, "text": "When commodity is time and effort, efficiency. Everyone wants to minimize these so that they have the freedom to do what they choose with most of their time. When the commodity is preservation of our progeny, conservation, of *everything*.\n\n\nAs a capitalist, the end game is individual profit, so innovation is not necessarily to distribute better and more efficient goods and services, but to profit. Hence \"planned obsolescence\", among other manipulations.\n\nBut the worst, of course, is misappropriations of resources. People starve, while cats get fat. Not that I have anything against cats, but come on.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-311435", "score": 0.6428974866867065, "text": "Yes, the mass losses are identical, and both equal to *E/c^2*. The difference is that for the chemical reaction, the *percentage* of mass that is lost, compared to the total mass to begin with, is much less.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2151740", "score": 0.6428145170211792, "text": "Helk needs to make high quality metal ONLY available from all nodes again. the recycler should only give metal frags. The reason why people get ak's 10 minutes into the wipe is because how OP recycling for hqm is! People can still go to launch site early wipe but they will have to farm hqm before they can use those components they got from launch site.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-2271336", "score": 0.6425143480300903, "text": "I don't quite understand the finer points. Here are just some examples. If you want to go about answering my question differently, that's totally fine too!\n\nI would much rather wear a 25+ year old leather coat and keep it out of the waste stream than I would to buy a new one as so many new textiles are made from petroleum and petroleum by-products. Why encourage the despoliation of the earth?\n\nWhy is it okay to waste food if it was made for you but someone didn't realize, for example, that Worcester sauce has fish in it? Sure, many of us would try to give it away first, but why not just eat it?\n\nWhy is silicone - a wholly industrial product - more okay than natural rubber latex (which isn't just tapped from rainforest anymore)?\n\nWhy is it better to wear completely industrial textiles than wool where the sheep are looked after to ensure that they don't get worms and sores? ((There are some farms around here that do exactly that))", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-188948", "score": 0.6424914002418518, "text": "I am no expert on this, but trees do exactly that. There are simply not enough trees compared to the amount of CO2 we are producing.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-304537", "score": 0.642456591129303, "text": "Because it's very expensive and energy intensive, while land is cheap and plentiful. If that's the route we wanted to go, a traditional incinerator would accomplish the same thing for most garbage. Plasma gasification is typically used on hazardous material that would otherwise be difficult to store.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-142415", "score": 0.6422147154808044, "text": "It costs more energy to produce fuel from air and water than you get energy in return from burning the fuel you created. Think of it like money. If I spend $100 to generate $50 for myself, I have a loss of $50. I haven't just \"created\" $50 out of no where. Same principle applies here, only with energy instead of money. You can't just \"create\" fuel out of no where, the amount energy required to make the fuel makes it non-viable.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-316573", "score": 0.6421959400177002, "text": "Yes, they decrease in efficiency throughout their lifetime. Depending on type, they lose between 0.36-0.95% a year throughout their lifetime, although usually faster in the first few years. They generally degrade due to damage to the panels (they're exposed in all-weather conditions), UV exposure and through oxidation of the doped semiconductor material that allows current to flow. Sources: [Degradation Rates](_URL_0_)", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-139524", "score": 0.6420027613639832, "text": "The number in the recycling logo refers to the process that that particular material needs to go through to be recycled. Not all recycling plants have the means to recycle all kinds of materials.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-239691", "score": 0.6419954895973206, "text": "Nope. Our growth, increasing consumption, increasing waste and inefficiencies are doing more harm than good. Some parts are better, some parts are preserved, but by and large, things are still degrading (coral reefs, forests, habitat loss, species loss, air quality, water quality, fishery collapse (Google any of these to see and grasp how worse things are now than they use to be, and how the trends are continuing)). Everyone is not doing their part, and the small parts that are being done by the people that are trying are not adding up to nearly enough.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-286849", "score": 0.6418823003768921, "text": "As explained in /u/Robo-Connery's post, we can get much more energy of uranium. If you are worried about the overall uranium reserves, there are two other things to consider: * Raw uranium is a very small part of the overall cost of nuclear power (~1% of the end-user price). Doubling the uranium price won't have a noticeable effect on the overall cost - but suddenly much more uranium will be accessible for that higher price. * Thorium reactors are possible, adding another fuel source.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-927969", "score": 0.6418700814247131, "text": "Consuming them would be so much more faster, and would give you the same results in the end. Salvaging them takes way too long, so I can see this change be pretty simple.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-309896", "score": 0.6418629884719849, "text": "> 5% less would affect our breathing > So it seems we have a good balance of the stuff It's not that we got lucky and our atmosphere has the correct balance of oxygen for us to live. Organisms that are alive today have been optimized through evolution specifically for our current oxygen blend. In prehistoric times, many types of insects grew to be gigantic by today's standards due to a [higher percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere at the time] (_URL_0_). Essentially, the pace of evolutionary change has historically been able to keep up with atmospheric changes of oxygen in the atmosphere. That's one of the reasons why climate change caused in the last hundred years or so is such a big deal. The changes we've been observing recently are happening way too quickly for most species to be able to re-optimize, including ourselves!", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-125892", "score": 0.6418250203132629, "text": "If you're willing to consider a dam or a lake instead of a tower, this is absolutely viable. _URL_0_ People saying \"you don't get all the power back\" are neglecting the fact that NO energy storage method is 100 percent efficient. The biggest problem with a tower is that the tower is more expensive to build than simply using a lake or dam; the extra steel isn't worth it.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-222", "score": 0.811833918094635, "text": "Each awards show has their own thing. You're probably aware of the Oscars and the Emmy, but there are like a hundred others with their own style and categories. However you're not alone in your thinking. Not having a separate comedy category has been a regular criticism of the Oscars. They tried to assuage this a bit (and add some flair and promo to the show) by upping the best picture category from 5 films to up to 10, hopefully to allow more diverse films outside of dramas (such as animated, comedy's, and sci-fi films), but this is still pretty new. They changed the voting on it a bit too, but its unknown if this had any effect on the eventual winners. In other words... this particular award show does its own thing, just like the others, and this does not seem like something they are particularly interested in." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-857170", "score": 0.7429857850074768, "text": "This has bothered me for a while now. It seems so random that they combine these two categories together for one overall award. It's not like they share any common trait. What if there is a really good comedy and musical? My only guess is that there might not be many in each category so to prevent there only being 2 films in a separate category, they just throw them all together? But I dunno that still seems like a cop out to me and unfairly judges movies on different points. Like No comedy is going to come close to La La Land. Why do you guys think they do this?", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2202741", "score": 0.7254382371902466, "text": "Not all comedy needs to be dark and edgy but we don’t need to get rid of it. People are getting overly offended by jokes now and it really sucks. It seems weird how we had movies like the hangover come out 10 years ago and now we can’t really have movies like that anymore.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-134316", "score": 0.7182174324989319, "text": "There are many different categories they can claim to be #1 for. Comedy, animation, art house, etc. They just don't mention how specific the category may be.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-127703", "score": 0.705690324306488, "text": "Comedy is difficult, drama not so much. Think about the number of decent dramatic films that are released yearly vs the number of funny comedies.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-144629", "score": 0.7032819390296936, "text": "Because the Oscars is an industry awards show where the winners are decided by a bunch of big wheels in the movie industry on the criteria of \"pick whatever the fuck you want, really.\" The winner of nearly every best picture has been a drama. Action films, comedies, fantasy films, etc. very rarely win that award but routinely take technical or screenwriter awards. A few exceptions are LotR Return of the King and Annie Hall.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-179431", "score": 0.7000885009765625, "text": "They’re leaving a word out, or putting a disclaimer. Like the #1 reviewed comedy. It has usually been shown to critics and preview audiences. Their statement is just leaving out the qualifiers. It’s kind of like saying I’m the most handsome man in the country. According to my mom, but I’m not mentioning that part.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-117374", "score": 0.696854829788208, "text": "First of all, you gotta look at who is doing the voting. It's not that these other genres are not as worthy or as capable of being recognised as an achievement in film, it's that you have a bunch of old white cinephiles as your average voter. 91% white, 76% male and with an average age of 62. [Source: LA Times](_URL_0_). Looking at last year's nominees in the categories of comedy and action as you mentioned above, for example, you can see that they are not exactly the main demographic for the likes of movies such as Trainwreck or Fury Road. No offense to super cool old white dudes!", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-94435", "score": 0.6877690553665161, "text": "They may be using the theatrical definition of comedy, which is a story with a happy ending. Mostly, though, I think it's laziness on the part of the people classifying movies.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-52994", "score": 0.685954213142395, "text": "It's about the tone of the film. Comedies are usually more fun in tone and a blooper reel fits well with the film. Fun films like superhero films and other blockbusters use blooper reels because it's fun to see. Imagine if Schindler's List had a blooper reel? Would that work for the film? Definitely not. Certain genres don't want to humanize the actors because it's not about the actor it's about the character they are portraying.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-443204", "score": 0.6794383525848389, "text": "Drama and Superhero movies are over represented on imdbs top 250 list. Also why are comedy movies so poorly rated?", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1292166", "score": 0.6766810417175293, "text": "For me, I've always felt there should be an Oscar for stunt choreography, it's a huge category of work that gets completely ignored despite being something that should be a totally valid technical category.\n\nIt's also less essential but I've always thought that a category for credit design (opening credit OR closing credit could both be submitted) would be fun. When movies have really entertaining credits like some of the James Bond movie credits I think it can be a really underrated part of setting the tone / mood for the film.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-5652", "score": 0.672433078289032, "text": "They're held around the end of February. If they held Oscar's 2017, awarding only movies from 2017, they would only have two months of movies to award. Then, when February 2018 came around, they would miss the other 10 months of films of 2017 because they could only focus on films released in 2018 (a 2 month span)", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-84324", "score": 0.6676840782165527, "text": "Comedy is about punching upward. It's very difficult to come across as funny from a position of power with an act that mocks the already downtrodden. This Stewart Lee article in may shed some light: _URL_0_", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-2147891", "score": 0.6627211570739746, "text": "Seriously. Comedy is about being uncomfortable to the point your body forces you to laugh. We have to be able to mock our surroundings and others to help better understand and appreciate all of it.\n\nOf course mocking to the point of doxing(or similar fashion) is bad.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-171465", "score": 0.6614994406700134, "text": "There are so many varying demographics and categories they can use to make this claim. For example, a comedy comes out and is the #1 comedy movie for that week in terms of ticket sales (maybe no other comedies are out at the time) so once the initial weekend is over they can accurately say that THIS IS THE #1 COMEDY IN AMERICA (without having to specify context)", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1994460", "score": 0.6609299182891846, "text": "There is nothing wrong with deriving pleasure from EVERYTHING in a comedic setting. It’s a comedic setting where the arena takes place in mere ideas. \n\nEVERY idea imaginable should be available to laugh at. That is comedy at its purest.\n\nTo restrict which ideas are available for comedic usage means exactly that. \n\nThat being said some people take some of these ideas and take them outside of the comedic setting and people end up being hurt and suffering, which is the opposite of what comedy seeks to do: provide a medium for laughter.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-700267", "score": 0.6593268513679504, "text": "Does anyone know why they've skipped the jokes on nearly every episode? I've liked every interview, but I miss the jokes a lot.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2147919", "score": 0.6593115329742432, "text": "The root of comedy is making light of others, sometimes in very negative ways. Why is it you can't do that to certain people anymore without it being dubbed \"anti-\" whatever. \n\nI don't hate women, I just think some of them are dumb cunts that need to be laughed at! It's the same with everybody. I blame ALL of this on LA comedians.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2358402", "score": 0.6589558124542236, "text": "Yes and no. While fans want to see the glamour, it has no bearance on the actual awards given. The Access Hollywood shows should cover that during their own shows. If the Academy wants to trim time, cut the forced banter between presenters and make it about honoring the nominees.\n\nIt is their night, not a night to make jokes and further personal brands.\n\nThoughts?", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2217376", "score": 0.6587837934494019, "text": "While i understand the intentions of the moderators it would be nice if there was still a way for the community to vote for their favourite contest entries, pherhaps giventhe participation ribbon to the highest community voted comic", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-224", "score": 0.5964707732200623, "text": "To give you better timing to get off the step at the end, and to somewhat discourage you from running up them while moving (primarily for children)." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-174478", "score": 0.566622257232666, "text": "Mazes are generally designed in one way, especially kids mazes. The dead ends are easily to end up in as they aim towards a likely finish point. Going the other way, backwards, the dead ends will aim also backwards, and be less tempting to take to get to the outlet (start, if backwards). I drew an example but reddit does not support single page breaks. Hopefully my answer alone makes sense.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-829841", "score": 0.5666213631629944, "text": "I've wondered this for a while, but I haven't been able to come up with an explanation.\n\nWhat I'm referring to can be found over on the left.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-2728288", "score": 0.5666198134422302, "text": "Just intrigued as to the reasoning. It seems to be a problem that everyone deals with and many people have different ways of doing it. I'm aware that vertical-align exists but if I recall correctly it's designed for tables and inline elements.\n\nOr is it deemed too specific or complex a problem to warrant a property?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-273629", "score": 0.5665760040283203, "text": "These are ordered things. Moreover, we don't care about the labels in them, so we can rewrite the labels as long as we keep the order preserved. Now, ω is 0 < 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 < ... So * 1+ω = 1+ (0 < 1 < 2 < ...) = \\* < 0 < 1 < 2 < 3 < ... = 0 < 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 < ... = ω where \\* is just \"something\", and the last equals is just relabeling things. More notably, the order 1+ω does *not* have a maximum element. On the other hand, * ω+1 = (0 < 1 < 2 < 3 < ...)+1 = 0 < 1 < 2 < 3 < ... < \\* Note that \\* is larger than everything else, so we can't relabel these to get ω because ω+1 has a maximal element \\*. So ω+1 and 1+ω are different.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-239280", "score": 0.5665407776832581, "text": "Why do you think there is a difference in pressure? The viscous drag of a tunnel this long would likely render any pressure difference nil anyway.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2788930", "score": 0.5664945244789124, "text": "An argument broke out this afternoon between my sister and I when, talking about mosquitoes in elevators (*yes, you read correctly*), she said that mosquitoes that are flying inside an elevator do not exert any force on it, whereas I argued that they did add to the weight an elevator must carry.\n\nWe would like it if you could help us end the debate.\nIt's clear that for all practical purposes the mass of a mosquito is negligible, but we're interested in this in a purely theoretical way.\n\nI believe that the elevator has to carry the weight of the air inside it, thus its density is a decisive factor. If you replace a fraction of that air with a mosquito, the overall density of the elevator contents would increase, however marginally that might be.\n\n**So, would it be different for the elevator if the mosquito were standing on the floor or if it were flying around the inside?**\n\nAnother point I considered is that the mosquito must exert pressure on the air, and then that air on the elevator floor.\n\nPlease don't murder me if my reasoning was incorrect.\nThanks for your help!", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-319760", "score": 0.5664887428283691, "text": "It's easier to [link the diagrams](_URL_0_) than to try to explain here. The last ray diagram in the table is the one where you see yourself upside down.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-388946", "score": 0.5664554834365845, "text": "Mirror makes the card that is mirrored 1 level higher than the MIRROR, NOT the mirrored card. It's a really common misconception and I'm tired of seeing people asking about mirror.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-144438", "score": 0.5664224624633789, "text": "Also, sometimes a station is added after the tracks have already been in use for years. Digging out two outside platforms is no big deal, but rerouting the tracks (and doing all the additional digging that would be needed on both ends of the station) would make it prohibitively expensive to put the platform in the middle. And I believe it's sometimes done to manage congestion, as well, for stations with certain types of traffic patterns. But I'm not certain of that.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-183951", "score": 0.5664117932319641, "text": "The roots grow small and then grow thicker over time, pushing outwards. The don't grow through the concrete at full force. So if they can avoid something they will. And if they grow around the chain they have several directions to grow in, so there's no pressure to break that chain. In the ground they'll start pushing up because the place they occupy needs to be compensated elsewhere. So they push the concrete up overtime.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-151662", "score": 0.5663639307022095, "text": "Men use it either up or down, so they check first if it's in the right position. Women always use it down, so they feel this gives them the right not to check. So sometimes they land on the raw porcelain or practically fall in. Pretty stupid, then. I used to think they wanted the top seat down too, so it looks tidy. I actually get that. But no. Just lazy.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-2164186", "score": 0.5663467049598694, "text": "In all seriousness did the sewage pipe burst coz it’s strongest towards the end near the staircase going up to the platform, adj to the toilets or is it fertilizer? I could almost feel my vomit in my mouth", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-46981", "score": 0.5663265585899353, "text": "When people get onto elevators, they often press the button for their floor even if it's already selected. If that action served to cancel the floor selection, chaos would ensue. Civilization would fall. Forty years of darkness. Earthquakes, volcanoes… The dead rising from the grave. Human sacrifice, dogs and cats living together – mass hysteria.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-47554", "score": 0.5663134455680847, "text": "The major reason the ISS has to boost itself up is not because of unstable gravity, but because of the atmosphere. Even though the gas at the orbit of the ISS is so thin that it's a vacuum for most purposes, it still causes drag that slows down objects in orbit. For low orbit objects like the ISS, it's a serious technical problem that needs to be solved.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-296011", "score": 0.566308319568634, "text": "Some cranes actually raise themselves, see [this timelapse video](_URL_0_) for an example.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1134098", "score": 0.5663043856620789, "text": "I think that sandstone stairs would be a nice addition to put on sand/sandstone related structures and 'modern' buildings. Also they would be a good color/texture relief for some building. Right now the best thing I can do is use slabs but it's just not the same. Anyone else think this would be nice or am I just crazy? Or both?", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-746269", "score": 0.5663031935691833, "text": "listen\n\na friend asked me this with reading for her and she asked me this. it baffled me on the spot and to this day (it’s been 4 days), i still don’t know how i can qualify one more “superior” than the one, if i can say that. to me, there are equal but there are clearly not the same thing. i just really wnat to know within a closed context, which is “better”. and since i really can’t even begin to answer, i decided to stop tormenting myself and asked Reddit because i need my sleep. i work tomorrow lmao it’s already so late. \n\nim sorry, i wish i could slide the two charts to make it way less complicated :(\n\nanyway, feel free to ask any questions and i will pin a comment or edit this to inform all for you guys!! \n\nthank you!!! \n\nedit: they are ALL conjunctions :D", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-319702", "score": 0.5663025379180908, "text": "Usually, that's because of static stability; when an object moves through the air, the favored configuration is for the center of gravity to be in front of the center of pressure in the direction of motion. [This](_URL_0_) page explains it for model rockets, but the science is the same for any object.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-72261", "score": 0.5662837624549866, "text": "You aren't lifting your entire weight when you do a pushup. Your feet are still on the ground, and this lessens the load you have to lift", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1273752", "score": 0.5662683248519897, "text": "Hey\n\nA costumer wants me to close the risers on their stairs, and I'm not sure what material to use. \nIt's a whitepainted wooden staircase. \n\nI wanted to use MDF, and paint it white, but the costumer doesnt want MDF, says it always swells up. \n\n\nWhat would you guys use?", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-225", "score": 0.7888967394828796, "text": "Are you sure you're not referring to non-dairy creamers? Half and half most certainly needs to refrigerated." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-25073", "score": 0.7475963830947876, "text": "The water in milk is host to the bacteria that spoil milk. They cannot live in pure fat -- butter doesn't spoil by \"going sour\" (bacterial action) it only \"gets rancid\" (oxidizes). The less water you have, the less bacteria get to live in their happy place. Half and half is half cream, thus, has less water content to provide a home for bacteria. In addition, the creaminess covers the distinct \"cooked\" taste of ultrapasteurization. Ultra pasteurization kills more bacteria leaving the starting product more sterile. However, in the US, consumers prefer the taste of standard pasteurization. Usually only cream products are ultrapasteurized.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-551910", "score": 0.7463540434837341, "text": "So I remember having a mini-crisis when I moved to the UK and discovered that the stores sell eggs unrefrigerated. They're just left on shelves and my friends have told me they actually last longer if left on shelves than putting them in fridges.\n\nLater I discovered that it's actually in the manufacturing process of eggs that differs between Europe and the rest of the world, making it not only 'safe to put on shelves', but in fact, eggs are safer in Europe than the rest of the world in general. \n\nI moved to Belgium and discovered that stores here don't refrigerate milk! given my prior crisis, this must be because there is a superior production technique that makes it safe to do so. I don't know anything about milk or making of milk other than where they come from. Anyone here can educate me? Thanks!", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-155430", "score": 0.7454449534416199, "text": "Those small ones are sterilised, like sterilised milk that you can find in a carton that does not require refrigeration until it's opened. Not sure all creamer requires refrigeration, but it's probably down to it's contents, some might break down once opened as it's exposed to oxygen.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-315299", "score": 0.7390158176422119, "text": "The same reason why syrup doesn't need to be refrigerated. Spoiling comes from growth of bacteria. Milk is an excellent host for bacteria. If your sugar concentration is at the level it is for frosting, then bacteria simply can't handle it, absorb too much sugar and die before being able to reproduce. Thats why a lot of things high in sugar or salt won't go bad and can resist spoiling.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-180666", "score": 0.7378888130187988, "text": "Bacteria and mold (fungus) grows on it. Using milk as an example, there's bacteria in milk and more in the air. Keeping milk refrigerated slows down the rate of bacterial growth. If you leave it out, suddenly the milk is a temperature that bacteria trives in, so they have a grand old time consuming the milk, 'pooping' in it, and reproducing to make more bacteria to eat and poop and reproduce and eat and poop... Want a glass of milk?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-160706", "score": 0.7356553673744202, "text": "Butter and eggs can actually be left out on the counter for days without spoiling. Refrigeration of those items is more of an American convention than a requirement. Milk does spoil at room temp, but it's lifespan is increased through pasteurization. If you've ever bought raw milk, you'll notice it starts to smell funky after a couple of hours being left out on the counter, whereas regular pasteurized milk can survive a few hours on the counter and way longer in the fridge than raw milk does. By this logic, when you bake your cookies or cake in oven at 350 degrees, you're definitely going to kill any and all bacteria in the milk that cause the milk to go bad (and evaporating lots of moisture out of it as well) leaving behind only the necessary fats and proteins for holding your dessert together. Edit: turned desert into dessert, yum.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-122314", "score": 0.7288926243782043, "text": "Efficiency. Boxes are easier to stack and store and when pasteurized the juice can last for years in the boxes. Drink companies would pack everything in them if they could. Milk will spoil unless it's UHT pasteurized, the boxes aren't strong enough for carbonated drinks. Generally if it's carbonated or needs to be refrigerated before it's opened, it won't be in a box.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-121253", "score": 0.7285221219062805, "text": "Milk spoils because microorganisms start eating it & exposure to oxygen in the air air causes it to break down. Refrigeration just slows down the growth of microorganisms & the chemical reactions - it doesn't stop them completely. Shelf-stable milk will be pasteurized at super high temperatures - this kills all the microorganisms rather than just \"most\" of them like regular pasteurization would. It's then sealed in a package that prevents any air or new microorganisms from getting inside to start the spoiling. As soon as you open it, however, it's going to spoil about as quickly as regular milk.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-140045", "score": 0.7279884219169617, "text": "From wikipedia, \"Milk deliveries frequently occur in the morning and it is not uncommon for milkmen to deliver products other than milk such as eggs, cream, cheese, butter, yogurt or soft drinks.\" EDIT: Adding this: fresh/raw milk spoils quickly and milkmen delivered fresh from the farm, which meant you got fresh milk daily. Today, the milk you find in grocery stores is pasteurized and can last 2 weeks or longer when refrigerated. When milk delivery was more common (and in regions where it still is) access to refrigeration is minimal, too. [Source](_URL_0_)", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-44651", "score": 0.7256321310997009, "text": "Ultra pasteurization (higher temperatures and longer time than regular pasteurization) makes milk last longer but effects the flavor. Since half and half is used in small amounts and doesn't sell as fast as regular milk, ultra pasteurization is seen as an acceptable tradeoff. Meanwhile, milk sells fast, is used quickly, and is consumed directly in large quantities, so it's just pasteurized to maintain flavor at the expense of shelf life.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-747", "score": 0.7244837880134583, "text": "Back before refrigeration, food either went bad or had to be preserved somehow. Meat and milk would quickly go bad. France is known for its sauces as a way to cover up the rancid meat. Cheese was a way to preserve milk so it wouldn't spoil as quickly.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-289905", "score": 0.7207486033439636, "text": "Short answer is they dont. That date is a rough approximation of the earliest date which the milk will begin to spoil when kept in a cold, dry place. This is actually really easy to predict if you are at all familiar with how any given bottle is treated and packaged. Once they figure out that date, they subtract a few days to scare you into discarding it early.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-56122", "score": 0.7191541194915771, "text": "These products are generally in air-tight jars. Before being filled, the jars are sterile - that is, there are no germs anywhere on them, due to whatever sterilization procedure is used (for at-home, this is usually boiling; I don't know off hand what the industrial process is). The food that goes in is either cooked or otherwise prepared in such a way that it also has no germs when it goes in. With no bacteria to grow, there is no reason to refrigerate (since refrigeration is primarily to slow down bacteria growth). Basically, so long as you don't open it, the food in that jar should theoretically remain good to eat until the seal fails so bacteria can get in.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-103221", "score": 0.7190355658531189, "text": "Low temperature slows down bacteria growth which is why we refrigerate foods to begin with. Milk has an extremely short shelf life otherwise, so if you leave it out the bacteria in the milk very quickly multiplies until eventually there's enough of it to make you sick. When you're cooking food that contains milk, you're both rapidly heating it (which doesn't really give the bacteria time to go crazy) and generally heating it to the point that you're killing bacteria.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-68947", "score": 0.7175034880638123, "text": "Because milk left out has had time for bacteria to grow. Heated up milk may be a better environment to grow bacteria, but you drink it way before they can reproduce enough to cause trouble.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-324221", "score": 0.7168763279914856, "text": "Organic milk is usually more heavily pasteurized. It's the same reason those little cups of creamer can sit out at room temperature forever.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-38414", "score": 0.7145894765853882, "text": "When the drink is bottled, it is sterile inside. The liquid is free of live microbes, and has an airtight seal protecting it from the filthy outside world. Once you open it and drink some, you've let microbes into the previously clean environment, and introduced them to a large supply of sugar and water that they can potentially use to grow and reproduce and turn rancid and gross. So you put it in the fridge because the lower temperature slows the rate at which the microbes do all of those things.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-123942", "score": 0.7141419053077698, "text": "Food is spoiled by living bacteria, fungi etc eating/pooing/spreading in it and also by the stuff its container is made of leaching into it. If the food is sterile (i.e. has been heated/irradiated/whatever to kill everything in it and so has literally nothing living in it) and the container is airtight (and was also sterile, and the food was sealed into it in sterile conditions) so no new bacteria/fungi can get in, and the container is made of stuff that will not leach into the food, the food will not spoil. This is how canning works and why cans keep a long time. As soon as you open the container to the air, bacteria, spores etc in the air get in and start growing in the food, and so the food starts to spoil. Keeping food cold makes things grow slower in it so it takes longer to spoil.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-28891", "score": 0.7137472033500671, "text": "Milk does separate. We force fresh milk through a process called homogenization, where we force the milk through a very fine screen that breaks the large globs of fat into many small pieces which stay dispersed in the milk rather than floating to the surface. Unhomogenized lightly pasteurized milk is delicious. You can also get UHT pasteurized milk that you don't even need to refrigerate.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-10484", "score": 0.7136532068252563, "text": "mainly because of consumer acceptance. milk in usa has always come refrigerated. In June 1993, Parmalat introduced its UHT milk to the United States.[12] In the American market, consumers are uneasy about consuming milk that is not delivered under refrigeration, and reluctant to buy it. To combat this, Parmalat is selling its UHT milk in old-fashioned containers, unnecessarily sold from the refrigerator aisle.[4] UHT milk is also used for many dairy products.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-226", "score": 0.7867709994316101, "text": "Next time you go there, look for a sign. There will be one saying \"For Tobacco Use Only\" While bongs are commonly associated with marijuana, they are also used for tobacco and in that regard are perfectly legal. By saying they're only for tobacco it protects the stores from the drug laws you mention. So in order for there to be any legal consequences, people would have to prove that the shop is knowingly selling them for use with marijuana and not tobacco. This is impossible to prove in almost every case." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-137832", "score": 0.7359206080436707, "text": "The pipes are not illegal. You can safely display them as art or use them to smoke tobacco if you'd like. It is the possession and consumption of weed that is illegal.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-47560", "score": 0.7340184450149536, "text": "Because there's nothing about a bowl or a grinder that's inherently tied to illegal drug usage. You could be using them for tobacco, for all they know! It's the same reason head shops can exist. Until it's coated in marijuana residue, a bowl is not necessarily paraphernalia.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-888968", "score": 0.7312759757041931, "text": "It seems to me that there are two kinds of stores to buy vaping supplies. One is a dedicated vape-only store. Name brand juice, someone helping build coils in the back, water dispenser with cups, maybe a sofa or two. The other is the head shop kind of place: wall covered in bongs and weed-related posters, other wall covered with racks of discount/off-brand cigarettes...and a little cabinet of Egos and the like, maybe a counter-rack of juice or two. In my area of SoCal, the former seems to stick around longer. I'm sure that the mark-up on weed supplies is probably pretty high, but do a lot of people buy multiple bongs? I've had one, I think, in high school. As customers, how do you feel about stores 'crossing the streams', as it were? And shop-owners: what influenced you to go one way or the other?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-506255", "score": 0.727706789970398, "text": "I run a smoke shop in a small shopping center in western WA and have for about a year now. We sell tobacco, pipes, bongs, incense, vape stuff, cigars, lighters, etc.\n\nThings have been fine until about a week ago. I got a letter from the property manager of where I'm renting shop space from demanding that we stop carrying cannabis paraphernalia. Specifically he's requesting that we remove glass pipes, herbal vaporizers, and bongs from our shelves. Problem is, these are some of our major sellers and eliminating these would severely cut into our profits. \n\nHe says he wants this stuff gone because it's \"attracting criminals\" to the shopping center. It isn't. My customers are mainly just normal people. I do get a few bad ones, but so do all other businesses. I've even talked to other business owners in the shopping center and they haven't noticed any increase in criminal activity.\n\nThis wasn't a problem at the time we leased the space, and since cannabis is legal in Washington, I don't see how it could be a problem now. Can he kick us out before our lease is up if we don't comply with this ridiculous request?", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-850477", "score": 0.7189936637878418, "text": "anyone know of a taobao shop that sells bongs, pipes etc?", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-150062", "score": 0.7154858708381653, "text": "Tobacco paraphernalia is perfectly legal to sell. Most of these places will refuse to sell to you, and kick you out, if you even *mention* marijuana.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-1731494", "score": 0.7130388617515564, "text": "A friend of mine owns a smoke shop and asked me to work with him at one but i just am curious how it would work in the legal sense for their to be so much weed in one place and not everyone will have a medical card, including me. I just dont want to get in trouble for anything", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-1729906", "score": 0.7074655294418335, "text": "My friend has a business in the states selling small handmade pipes, but they don't ship to the UK mainly because unfamiliarity with the law and customs. Does anyone know if they're allowed to? Any tips/recommendations?\n\nThey're just marketed as pipes, not specific to anything. Some of them have \"420\" written on them, but my guess is that wouldn't be a huge deal?\n\nEDIT: On HMRC it seems like it'd be subject to excise duty for herbal smoking products, but it'd be allowed--or am I reading that wrong?", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2312856", "score": 0.7029923796653748, "text": "I'm currently living in Japan, and they have (incredibly well ventilated) cordoned off areas for smokers everywhere. I'm not a smoker, but it seems very convenient and considerate to have these available. My first thought is that local zoning laws might prohibit such things indoors, but the Japanese execute the concept so well that it makes me wonder why we don't have anything similar. Does anyone know of specific reasons why?", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1923784", "score": 0.7023298740386963, "text": "I have a quick questions about pipes and bongs in Iowa. Could someone please tell me whether or not tobacco outlets in Iowa can sell them in Iowa? Im pretty sure I can't buy them online but im not sure if i can *legally* buy a pipe in Iowa.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-98340", "score": 0.702016294002533, "text": "Adult 'video' stores don't just sell videos, they frequently also sell sex toys, lubes & fetishwear. Many of the ones around here also sell bongs & pipes. On top of that, they often have \"video rooms\" in the back where people do... \"stuff\".", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-1923407", "score": 0.7016838788986206, "text": "Im visiting seattle soon, and dont want to bring my pipes/bongs with me. Is there an age restriction in washington on buying pipes or bubblers or bongs? I heard that tobacco age is now 21, and was unsure if it was the same for glass. Im 18 so id be s.o.l. if thats the case lol. Thanks for any help :)", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1921913", "score": 0.7013589143753052, "text": "Hey,\n\nI am setting up an ecom site for water pipes (aka bongs) and want to know if I can sell them on Amazon? From my research they are allowed as long as it is for tobacco use. Just seems strange nobody is really going after the cannabis accessories market on amazon...", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1923491", "score": 0.6995571255683899, "text": "Could anyone tell me where to buy a bong? I'm new here and I could use some help.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-2231447", "score": 0.6968252062797546, "text": "Other than the store called Stuff in Glasgow, and the odd dodgey shop in the Barras, are there any good head shops with friendly owners about?\n\nI'm sick of building bongs out of household items and would love to get my first real glass bong, but I want to go somewhere I feel more welcome than the guys in Stuff make you feel. Of course I also wanna hold it in my hands instead of buying online.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1057872", "score": 0.6927703619003296, "text": "I was at my usual headshop today looking for a one hitter to cut back on smoking and I really like this store because of their giant selection and usually they're really cool... Eventually I found a piece I liked and while I was waiting for someone to assist me I was admiring their glass and said \"woah, I've never seen a seven thousand dollar bong before!\" and then he looked at me and said \"it's a waterpipe. Everything here is sold for tobacco use and 'bong' is a marijuana term. Marijuana is illegal in the state of adsfasd\" and then told me he wouldnt sell me anything. \n\nIt might seem pretty obvious but I had no idea using a marijuana related term in a store would get me kicked out. Anyway, be careful what you say in headshops if weed is still illegal there!\n\nEDIT: The guy probably had to say it or else his job would be in jeopardy, this isn't a rant this is a PSA.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-848898", "score": 0.6882288455963135, "text": "So I was really high one night and came up with this idea, it's a headshop that specializes in selling glass parts (like beakers/chemistry lab equipment) and stems that you can put together with hookah tubes to smoke out of. For instance, you could buy one flask and then put a stem in that for like $40, or if you take in like $120 you could build the mother of all bongs with a like two percs and maybe an ice catch. It's kind of like build-a-bear workshop, but with bongs.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-2416679", "score": 0.688011884689331, "text": "Its easier than rolling joints, and im getting the smallest bong there, for £5.\nis it worth risking getting caught?", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1921851", "score": 0.6878628730773926, "text": "My dealer said he would sell my a glass pipe for $30. I'm 14 so this could be the only time somebody will sell me a piece before I'm 18. My friend said pipes hurt your throat. So should I buy it or stick to my homemade bong?", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1014132", "score": 0.6858917474746704, "text": "Calling all Ents!\n\nI'm looking into starting a new website that specialises in selling smoking paraphernalia. From bongs to papers and ashtrays, etc.\n\nDo you think there is a gap in the market out there for certain things, if so, what? Would a new clean/attractive and efficient website be refreshing compared to a lot of the online headshop's websites which look cheap and unattractive? Is the price of products a very important factor? Would news or a blog be a good feature to have? Is there a gap in the market where you live that can be filled by a smoking paraphernalia shop?\n\nI was thinking of adding a section for 'decorating your smoke spot' as when I went out looking for things online for my own spot it was kinda difficult finding awesome stuff. What do you guys think about this?\n\nIs the customization of lighters/bongs/pipes something that would interest you?\n\nIf anyone has any wisdom or guidance for this then please feel free to share!\n\nThanks for reading and to anyone that has any advice or input!", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-227", "score": 0.7538926005363464, "text": "While all buildings are a little different, most use a single boiler and a recirculating hot water system. Hot water circulates in big loops on each floor, driven by small magnetic pumps. This means the water is \"instant-on\". The storage tank is kept warm by the boiler and inflowing water is warmed before it goes into the tank. This provides constant temperature hot water all day." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-178137", "score": 0.7161058187484741, "text": "Water flows into pipes in the walls and under the house from pressurized pipes under the street, or from a pump in a well if you live in the country. These pipes run through the walls, bringing water to the various sinks ands toilets and baths. One pipe also goes to a hot water heater, which uses electricity or fuels to heat the water, which is then also piped to your sinks and such. It takes a while for the water to get hot, because the water in the pipes in the walls cools off when not flowing, and all that water needs to flow out first, before hot water from the heater reaches you.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-134663", "score": 0.7156147360801697, "text": "There is standing water in your pipes. When the hot water has not been run for a while, the water in the pipes cools to room temperature. Therefore, you have to flush the room temperature water through the pipes until the hot water makes it from the hot water heater to the tap you're using. This is why you can turn the faucet on two minutes later, and the water will still be warm or hot.", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-58957", "score": 0.7090988159179688, "text": "so there's a hot water line and a cold water line. all you do is control the mixture ratio of the hot water and cold water to get your desired temperature.", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-141759", "score": 0.7089577913284302, "text": "Cold water enters the water heater, which heats it up, and holds many gallons of hot water in an insulated tank. Your shower has two water pipes entering it. One pipe is cold water from the water mains (the same water supply that enters your water heater and is heated). The other pipe comes directly from the hot water tank. So when you turn the dial for warm water, you're getting a mix of cold water and pre-heated water directly from the tank in the water heater. Adjusting the dial changes the ratio of cold and hot water, allowing you to select a temperature.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-158181", "score": 0.7070448398590088, "text": "They don't. The boiler just puts out a constant heat, and the mixing is done at the tap, which adjusts the ratio of hot and cold water.", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-20219", "score": 0.7041608095169067, "text": "The inside of most shower faucets looks like a nose. There's one \"nostril\" for hot water, and one \"nostril\" for cold water. The way that the faucet works is that there's a disc with a single hole in it in front of these two nostrils. When the faucet is off, the nostrils are blocked. As you turn the handle, the hole goes in front of the nostrils, passing cold first, then a mix, then hot. The hot water is always very hot, and the cold water is always cold. The temperature you get is a result of them mixing in proportion to how open they are based on where that hole in the disc is positioned. That's why you end up sometimes with very hot water with a small turn of the nob. It doesn't take much to suddenly introduce a lot of hot water, or to push it far enough that only the hot water is open. As a result, there's a huge increase in temperature for a small motion.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-311481", "score": 0.7040125727653503, "text": "You're pretty much on the right track. Hot water has a higher vapor pressure than cold water. So it is more prone to evaporation. Cool air can hold less water vapor than warmer air. So the hot water comes out of the shower head with pretty high surface area to facilitate evaporation and heating of the nearby air. As it travels from the water jet, the air cools and the water condenses around nucleation sites in the air (dust, bacteria, etc.,) and you see a cloud of little tiny liquid water droplets hanging in the air. They don't fall like rain because they're so small that the viscosity of air is high enough that it essentially cancels out gravitational forces on the tiny volume.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-287663", "score": 0.7023583054542542, "text": "Hot water comes from your water boiler which has been sitting in there for hours. It also has sediment and other things from your water boiler in it.", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-178679", "score": 0.7018784880638123, "text": "In most houses, it does not. This only happens if your water heater and your heat are combined — since the home heat is running, the water heat is running too.", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-148180", "score": 0.7006252408027649, "text": "The faucet blends hot and cold water from separate water lines depending on how you have it set. The hottest possible water is fairly the same throughout the house and is determined by the setting on the hot water heater. The \"cold\" water temperature is just whatever comes into your house from the water department. Hot and cold water lines run to every faucet/shower/etc and the controls will vary the mixture of each to dial in the temperature you want.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-27932", "score": 0.6985841393470764, "text": "When something boils, its temperature goes down. That's why a boiling pot of water stays at around 100 degrees C, you are putting in heat with fire, but the boiling is cooling it. There are two ways of making something boil, putting in alot of heat, or reducing the pressure. Air conditioners work by reducing the pressure around something that loses a lot of heat when boiled. So the area around that stuff becomes cold and they blow that air into your house. Now they move the boiled steam to another part of the air conditioner. Condensing the steam creates heat, so they put that part outside your house and blow the hot air outside, they then pump the liquid back to be boiled again.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-307308", "score": 0.6961877346038818, "text": "The hot water used to heat your building that comes from 100 m underground is not hot because of the pressure. You probably live in a place like Iceland, or near Yellowstone National Park in the US, or other special locations) and the water is heated because there is magma (molten rock) or a [pluton](_URL_1_) (an old blob of magma which is cooling) near the surface of the earth where that well is located. Generally, well water from 100 m is not hot, only in special places. It isn't because of the pressure. There are places at the bottom of the ocean where hot water is found, for example near [hydrothermal vents](_URL_0_).", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-72508", "score": 0.6958184242248535, "text": "> How is the water heated so fast? In most cases it *isn't* \"heated so fast\". If you look around your abode you will probably find a closet with a big cylindrical tank in it. That is called a \"water heater\" and it contains a tank of water which is pre-heated for dispensing on demand. > I even heard some places in America have a \"limited amount\" of hot water. How does that even work? The tank is only so big and may not be able to heat as quickly as it can be dispensed. If you use too much hot water too quickly then it can run out.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-292580", "score": 0.6939423084259033, "text": "The pipe distance from the water source determines this. To get the right temperature as fast as possible, you need to have the water heater right next to your faucet, and it needs to have hot water available immediately. If it is far away, you have to flush all the cool water out of the lines before the warm water gets to the faucet.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-36603", "score": 0.6927122473716736, "text": "Hotals don't usually have to preheat water. There are flowthrough water heaters that heat the water while it is running through the pipes. So as long as there is power, there is warm water available without needing to build up a reservoir.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-174594", "score": 0.6926456093788147, "text": "There is only one pipe that brings (cold) water into your house, and then that pipe branches off to all the bathrooms, kitchens, hoses, etc. in your house. One of those branches also goes to your hot water heater. There is only one hot water pipe from your water heater that branches off to your kitchens, bathrooms, etc. When you're in the shower and someone flushes the toilet, they are basically stealing some of the cold water pressure that's running to your shower (because there's only one source of cold water and they are stealing part of yours). That makes it get hot.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-42386", "score": 0.6925700902938843, "text": "Because the hot water is in your water heater, but the stuff sitting in your pipes has cooled off. The \"lukewarm\" water is probably in pipes in the living spaces of your house, so it's at roughly room temperature. The \"cools off\" is probably water that in your basement/crawlspace/whatever that is closer to the temperature of the ground.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-138526", "score": 0.6923726201057434, "text": "Copper is rather expensive, so a single line usually runs from the home water entry point and is shared by all the bathroom fixtures. This means when water is drawn by two of the fixtures at the same time, there is less cold water for each of them. Showers get the right temperature by mixing a flow of hot and cold water together (the knob or knobs control how much of each is mixed). So when water is drawn by another fixture, there is immediately less cold water available while the hot water supply is unchanged so the shower increases in temperature.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-2402551", "score": 0.6921504139900208, "text": "Living in an apartment, they finally fixed my hot water heater after a few months but noticed my water bill is triple now. I assume it may have been my toilet flapper last month that I replaced and ran for a good day. But do water heaters use any more water when working than not? I assumed when I didn't have hot water, my water was still routed the same but just didn't get heated. Probably a dumb question and I'm assuming it's the same, just want to confirm. Living in an apt. I can't really tinker with things like that unless authorized.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-133973", "score": 0.6916752457618713, "text": "The hot water temperature is regulated by the thermostat on the water heater in the building. The cold water is regulated by the ambient ground temperature that the supply pipes run through. The ground is quite cold below the surface layer even on the hottest of days.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-228", "score": 0.7027122378349304, "text": "For the same reason Youtube is allowed to exist. The law determined that these sites cannot reasonably be expected to control uploaded content to such a degree, in other words they cannot be held accountable for copyright infringement *as long as* they comply with DMCA requests and delete videos on demand. This does happen even now, I remember a certain popular account on xvideos/xhamster that got banned multiple times for example. The problem of course is that videos get uploaded faster than they can be taken down. Commercial porn sites probably have given up on that battle more or less and adapted. Instead, they release \"sample clips\" in order to advertise for their sites of full HD content. Those commonly 5-minute long vids are just small parts of hour long productions that you usually *don't* get to see." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-1451465", "score": 0.6673305630683899, "text": "A lot of people claim making money off banners displayed on their websites or products been sold, under no circumstances I ever click on those fearing of shady sites (porn included), have you ever click on those banners? , is that a actual type of support?", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2674751", "score": 0.6671648621559143, "text": "It looks like they process 96 TB of data daily, and 2.81 PB (Petabytes) of data monthly. Operating a site with this bandwidth will probably be very costly.\n\nWhat is their business model? How are they staying afloat?", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1188502", "score": 0.6665646433830261, "text": "Do they run a staff behind the site? Or do they have some sort of facial recognition that counts with your I.P every time you connect with someone. I'm looking into it because no one seems to know. Almost all of the topics are dead end. How does the ban work? Is it I.P tied or ISP tied and how does one go about clearing it, even third parties cannot deceive it from it's changeable IP's.\n\nEdit: No one seems to figure it out but I'm mostly curious about their sites, how they keep it up and if what/how much revenue they make from and to? And how their banning system is as strong as a firewall-- No one seems to solve it. It may be from the ISP##?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-1451233", "score": 0.6665134429931641, "text": "As of right now the URL is still going and the servers are still running.\n\nThe last thing you want in an exit scam is to have the site still running, bread crumbs for hackers to get or the FBI.", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-1021407", "score": 0.6660730838775635, "text": "So there is a website which, if an ad was run on it, would reach all American men and many American women within 24 hours... A website which can’t even function in China, so it guaranteed wouldn’t buckle under Chinese influence.\n\nI am, of course, speaking of Pornhub!", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-20567", "score": 0.6660720705986023, "text": "They are a cable channel, and it's completely up to them (and the reactions from their advertisers) about whether they censor content. So, how are they \"getting by\" with it? Because it's not bothering people enough for them to lose advertising revenue.", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2808510", "score": 0.6656398177146912, "text": "This is just a theory, but one worth exploring. \n \nWith pornhub purging so much of their content as of late, they paved the way for more purges in the future on other pornsites. After all PH is one of the leading providers on the internet. \nSimilar to how sankaku channel recently blocked the tags \"furry\" and \"loli\" behind a paywall, for example, limiting access on weird and strange search terms will inevitably create a demand in more dangerous or illegal places. \n \nLet's say porn became \"clean\", kinda like the industrially made porn in Netflix' Black Mirror. There will always be people looking for things like sex with animals, rape and rough stuff, indecent pictures of children; and lot's of them! Right now, we can satisfy the needs of those people in a relatively safe environment. Giving everyone equal and easy access to legal versions of these things, say as illustrations of animals and children (i.e. furry and loli), as well as consensual non-consent like in some BDSM, we protect those who need protection in these cases. Taking away the access, will (imo, yet to be proven) lead to those people seeking satisfaction going to the dark web and accessing illegal content, where actual animals and people are harmed in order to produce more extrem versions of the content they seek. It would also lead to those people being more likely to satisfy their needs in the real world, also harming actual animals and people. \n \ntl;dr \nPorn is a safe environment without discrimination for everyone's weird and strange fantasies. On legal websites they can be accessed and explored in ways in which no living being comes to harm*. Purging large numbers of porn videos and/or making fringe things more difficult to access, will lead to a rise in more extrem versions of the same content on the dark web or more violence in the real word, where actual living beings come to harm. \n___ \n*I know that most porn isn't safely produced and the whole thing is a shady business... My point focusses largely on the fact that most porn available on the free web is after all safer than if people went out and committed e.g. rape, when they could have watched consensually produced hardcore BDSM, or if people watched child pornography when they would have been satisfied with loli hentai.", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-68958", "score": 0.6655080318450928, "text": "Since this seems to be a common practice, why isn't there effective law or policing of such sites? Shouldn't they be operating under a legal framework, which if they are found violating, make them progressively unvaible due to exponentially increasing fines?", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-2546438", "score": 0.6651488542556763, "text": "I have been interested in a tech job in the adult industry for a while now for a multitude of reasons, the last of which is the obvious. Unfortunately these places tend not to be as blatant about what they do as most other companies die to the social stigma around the industry. It's been difficult to find the companies involved, but I know they exist. \n\nI'm hoping that some of the community here might be helpful in finding those hidden gems. 16 years of QA experience shouldn't go to waste...", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-1106596", "score": 0.6648083329200745, "text": "Anytime you go on a sketchy website there are porn ads. Most of these porn/sexual ads are male enhancement pills, penis growth pills or exercises.\n\nNone of the ads are true at all, I am well aware of that, so how can they advertise it at all? Would that not count as false advertising? All of them are outright scams so I want to know how they can do it without potentially getting into legal trouble?\n\nEDIT: Actually add mobile game advertisements on the list too. 99% of mobile game ads are nothing like the game itself, showing things that are outright impossible to do. Most of them aren’t even in the game, some are literally just fake animations.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-3404", "score": 0.6645715832710266, "text": "They keep getting shut down. When they are shut down, they start the website back up again in a different country. They've been in a lot of countries now.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-50990", "score": 0.6645588278770447, "text": "A misconception is the filming pornography is legal everywhere in the US. It isn't. In fact, I think it is only legal in CA, even though companies film elsewhere as well Also, there are laws that state all performers need to be paid, or else it is prostitution. So unless you are getting paid, it is also not legal. Next, anyone working in pornography has to submit paperwork to document proof of age, this requires real name, age, photo id, etc. Good luck getting a hooker to let you keep that on file Finally, performers need to be paid via a real payroll, with tax withholdings, w-2 etc. Good luck getting a hooker to agree to that as well.", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-2417464", "score": 0.6644925475120544, "text": "Say you're horny.\n\nRegular porn video sites are like the high end fashion stores, where you get what you need. Amateur video? HQ DP? Donkey midget bestiality? All at your finger tips, any style you want. Sometimes it costs a pretty penny for good items.\n\n/r/youtubetitties is a lot like the thrift store. Most of the time it's decent quality, things you'd use but is kinda ugly. But once in awhile you find a gem. Something that stands out from it's context. This gold you found just seems all the more valuable compared to the high end fashion store. It's that needle in a haystack that is youtube.com\n\nThat is what brings me here time and time again.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-1978315", "score": 0.6643162965774536, "text": "I’m very new to Reddit and have been approached by people selling premium Snapchat and custom videos...\n\nI have no problem with someone having a business or trying to make a buck....\n\nBut from a business standpoint... I’m wondering why would someone buy porn , when you can get it for free....\n\nCan someone please enlighten me?", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-81720", "score": 0.6640956401824951, "text": "The people who own the site pay for their site... obviously. Don't overthink this. Its up to them if they want to try to make money from the site, be it from ads, donations, subscriptions or whatever. They may choose not to monetize their site in anyway. It's their choice. But it doesn't stop them from having to pay to keep it up Its just like running a physical store, you set it up, and pay your bills to keep it open. If you're selling something in your store, thats nice, because you can try to make back some of the money it takes to keep the store open.", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-34269", "score": 0.6637981534004211, "text": "Why pay for the next Star Wars movie when old episodes of Buck Rodgers is available for free. They are pretty much the same, right? While many people see porn as a single use commodity, there is a core of hardcore porn fan (hardcore fans, not the porn). They have performers and series they like and follow, and when they come out with something new, they want it now. I have a friend who works in an adult book store, and when something new comes out, they have people waiting at the doors when the open. They are the ones who pay for it.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-161054", "score": 0.6634518504142761, "text": "It's *not* legal to produce porn in many places. In a few places, to allow the porn industry to be regulated, it's specifically excluded from prostitution laws.", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-172910", "score": 0.6634103655815125, "text": "Because there are no laws that govern the entirety of the internet. There are laws in countries that limit what the people living inside of its borders can do with the internet, but those laws dont apply if you arent in that country. All pirate bay has to do to stay operational is to find a country that doesn't care about copyright and doesn't care enough about the world stage to extradite them. Russia or SE Asian countries usually do the job quite well. The best part is that the owners dont even have to live in those countries, they just have to host the servers in those countries and the likely hood of an investigation finding anything is near zero.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-199129", "score": 0.6631968021392822, "text": "The best source I know of is Jonathan Coopersmith's \"[Pornography, Technology, and Progress](_URL_0_),\" which covers the diffusion of many technologies, from photography to the internet. His main point is that porn consumers are willing to pay a premium for these services, so they allow the technology to mature and drive down the price for later users. Probably the best example of this (the article I linked to doesn't have a lot about it, but google should), is the standardization of VHS over Betamax. Betamax didn't have very much porn (because of higher capital costs and Sony's discouragement), but on VHS a large percentage of the original movies were porn. Because porn aficionados flocked to VHS, they gained so much market share they helped drive \"regular\" consumers away from Beta.", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-2806564", "score": 0.6629624366760254, "text": "Guys, I'm not looking for specific numbers here, but you are welcome to share... And I apologize if this post is too broad a question.\n\nIf you frequent sites on the web with pornographic, erotic, or other NSFW content, are you paying for it? And, if so, where do you draw the line on the different sites or individuals? There's just SO much these days. Furthermore, it's very easy for individuals to be content creators for themselves with platforms like OnlyFans and various cam sites. Do people really think you are just going to pay for every thing that's for sale? \n\nTake OnlyFans for example. People on there offer content for a price per month as a subscription of sorts. I've seen them range from a few dollars a month to much more than that. How do you decide to pay for some and not others? I mean, I already have Netflix, Hulu, Amazon, and Disney+ and while not NSFW, those are obviously much better values in terms of subscription cost. If I were a content creator on OF, I would consider that maybe I'm not the only subscription people might have and need my prices to be something people will pay. Then again... People are horny and sex sells.\n\nAs for cam sites, I think the concept of \"tipping\" has gone out the window. Anymore, the set up is goals and \"I'll do this for 21.543 tokens.\" That's not a tip. That's a purchase. It used to be that models would perform and you tipped if you liked what you saw, which I suppose is in line with your traditional strip club... Knowing that things are not free. I also see lots of dudes drop what must be hundreds or thousands of dollars on these people regularly, so they are either spending fake money or there are a ton of rich folks on these sites. I also wonder if the studios have fake customers to keep the shows going and build a crowd.\n\nJust wondering how you all see things out there and am looking for insight.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-229", "score": 0.6959117650985718, "text": "It varies from state to state. One reason could be that you didn't earn enough in at least one of two consecutive quarters. Depending on exactly when your season ends, that could screw you. Or just simply not enough hours. No matter what the reason, I think you're entitled to a hearing. I'm sure that varies as well, but it's worth looking in to. EDIT: To clarify, I believe this hearing is like an appeal. If you've applied and been denied, it's an opportunity to meet with whomever it would be and plead your case." } ]

[ { "id": "corpus-2224890", "score": 0.6610527634620667, "text": "Hey, Guys! I’m having the same problem everyone else is having, it’s asking to verify identity, and to reopen the claim\n\nI verified my ID last night with ID.Me, but I’m looking at the “Reopen your claim” button, and I’m thinking... since we can’t certify our benefits, are we going to lose those weeks of benefits? \n\nMan, this is all SO stressful.", "topk_rank": 0 }, { "id": "corpus-2546107", "score": 0.6610178351402283, "text": "\\#needne Just a quick question. \n\n\nBackground - I have been laid off from work but I only had 350 hours total and I just got a call from EI and they said the minimum is 400 some hours, and he said he will still put it through - but the 'system' will decide and mail me a letter if i got accepted or not. \n\n\nI also applied for self-isolated emergency package (1144$) but after submitting every thing I got my confirmation number and ready to receive payment but got an email saying your application is denied because you did not meet the elible qualification. \n\n\n(but I dont know how it knows it or why it says it, I only assume cause I applied for EI it says that?) \n\n\nCan any one give any suggestions? :)", "topk_rank": 1 }, { "id": "corpus-1607693", "score": 0.6609457731246948, "text": "I'm based in California and was working from home. My former employer is based in Tennessee. When I was discharged, my final paycheck did not include the remaining vacation hours listed on my last paystub. I caught this error a couple weeks after the fact and sent a friendly email noting the error. \n\n\nThey insisted I was not owed it because company policy states it's not payable upon termination within your first year. I pointed him to the Division of Labor Standards Enforcement website that states it is to be paid out no matter what company policy states. They start threatening to look through my vacation time and see if I took to much. \n\n\nI pointed out this didn't make sense as I took less vacation time than owed. I informed them of my right to file a wage claim and that any act of employer discrimination or retaliation would result in the filing of a discrimination/retaliation complaint to the Labor Commissioner's Office.\n\n\nThis was followed up with an email from them saying they looked back at my vacation and sick days and think I took too much time and want to send me a bill. I know this is patently false and I was under on both.\n\n\nShould I file a wage claim? Additionally, the threats to bill me for \"overpay\", would these qualify as retaliation for stating I would be filing a wage claim and thus be worth filing a discrimination/retaliation complaint to the Labor Commissioner's Office?", "topk_rank": 2 }, { "id": "corpus-715959", "score": 0.660944402217865, "text": "So, I read the FAQ and the wiki and it had some useful information, but most of it was stuff that wasn't very useful or that I had already read on this sub before. \n\nI am 18 and starting from 1/19/2016 I have had an income from my job of ~$310. I know that the tax year != the calendar year, so I was unsure if that date until now counts as part of the 2015 tax year. Will I have to file taxes on that money? \n\nMy employer is my girlfriend's mom, who owns her own business. She has paid me in checks without deducting state or federal taxes. She has taken down my information (name, address, SSN etc.) so I assume that she has listed me as an employee and will report that to the IRS on her business tax forms. \n\nIf I do have to pay taxes, how would I even start to do that? I read in the wiki about the tax websites and in particular the one which is free (for my amount of income), but do I just have to go to the website, make an account, and enter in my info? How do I differentiate the taxes I give between the Federal gov't and State gov't?\n\nI know about the existence of W-2, W-9, 1040-EZ, 1099, and other various tax forms, but I don't know which ones I would need to fill out or even what each is for. \n\nI could really use some basic help here. Thanks a ton, guys. Also, sorry if some of this was already in the FAQ and I missed it.\n\n---\n\n^(I am really wishing my high school required the *financial literacy* class senior year instead of freshman year right about now.)\n\n**edit:** title was supposed to be: \"I am a bit confused whether or not I have to file taxes for ~~this~~ 2015...\"", "topk_rank": 3 }, { "id": "corpus-2116822", "score": 0.6608796119689941, "text": "Hello -\n\nI will be laid off on the last day of June, but was fortunate enough to secure a new opportunity that begins in August. \n\nAm I still eligible to collect during the month of July if I'm not employed again until August?\n\nThanks!", "topk_rank": 4 }, { "id": "corpus-2501135", "score": 0.6608684659004211, "text": "Hey Redditors, was just wondering about your own experiences regarding trial for claiming unemployment benefits in new york state. If you're original claim was denied did you go to trial with the administrative law judge? Did you win? Did you lose? How long was the trial? Were you subject to multiple court visits or was it all one date? If you won did your employer appeal the decision to issue you benefits? If you did win what was the reason you lost your job and how sure were you that you would win?", "topk_rank": 5 }, { "id": "corpus-2281961", "score": 0.6608222126960754, "text": "Does anyone have a number that can actually get through to someone for claim specific questions? I applied on March 22nd. I have been calling 8333527759, option 5, daily since and it keeps saying \"all of our lines are busy\" and disconnects. Today is day 50 since I applied. I used up all my savings and now waiting for unemployment to pay rent, bills, food, etc.\n\nI hope there is someone out there that knows a way to get a hold of someone that can help.\nTIA\n\nEdit: Florida unemployment*", "topk_rank": 6 }, { "id": "corpus-791530", "score": 0.6607868075370789, "text": "I accepted a position as a W2 employee for Agency A to physically work in and for Company B. Job is white collar but I'll be one of the oldest people in the office and i'm only 6 years out of college. I will be paid a lot per hour but it is hourly. I am a paranoid person but I'm not very knowledgeable about the HR industry. Is this a normal setup or did I walk into a trap?", "topk_rank": 7 }, { "id": "corpus-1608659", "score": 0.6607779264450073, "text": "I work in a skilled trade. I’ve been with the company for 5 years. Last Friday the owner called an all hands and laid off the entire staff with the exception of me and three others (all of whom have been there for 20+ years). I was kept on as a department lead to wrap up a few projects, we expected it would take roughly two weeks to complete but the scope of the work has recently expanded so it looks like it’ll take about 6 more months to finish. \n\nI like my job, but my salary is on the lower end of the spectrum as far as market rates are considered. \n\nWith this new stimulus bill I’d be making more money sitting at home and collecting unemployment than by going to work. I understand it’s only a four month provision and I honestly don’t want to be sitting at home if I can be at work because I like what I do but I still feel like there might be an opportunity to start a conversation about my salary. \n\nThe company is solvent. \n\nAny advice would be appreciated!", "topk_rank": 8 }, { "id": "corpus-715502", "score": 0.6607558727264404, "text": "I've seen many posts today saying that EDD has updated their website to read that only people whose benefits were exhausted after 3/29/2020 are eligible, and then I've seen just as many responses saying that that's a typo.\n\nWhen I log in, my page still says \"Maximum Benefits Paid\" and \"Benefit Year 7/28/2019 - 7/25/2020\". I have no new messages in my inbox or anything; it looks the same it has for months. I stopped receiving payments in December, but found a job in January. Was then furloughed in mid-March.\n\nDoes anyone have any new information on if and when this will ever be resolved, and if there will be back payments of the standard weekly benefit amount as well as the $600 additional federal relief fund? The answer I've seen for weeks is \"hopefully we'll know more next week\". I'm affraid that by the time the website finally updates and I can request an extension and it takes time to processes, this will all be over and I will be back at work (which is great), but I will have missed out on potentially thousands of dollars and have to cancel it already.", "topk_rank": 9 }, { "id": "corpus-1608839", "score": 0.6607556939125061, "text": "Hey all.\n\nWithout getting too personal, I will say I was on unemployment and then extended unemployment due to COVID. When my job opened back up, I maintained my unemployment and was approved for PUA/PEUC due to medical concerns from my doctor. Once I receive my vax and I'm cleared to return to work, if I choose not to return or quit after returning for a week or two would I have to pay back any unemployment benefits? I've never been on unemployment or anything before so I'm not sure how it works.\n\nI promise I'm not a shitty person. I finished my degree in the time that I was away and now it's time for my career type job, not the previous job I was at. I just don't want to get in any sort of trouble for being on unemployment for an entire year if when I can finally return I instead choose not to return to that employer, or quit abruptly after returning.", "topk_rank": 10 }, { "id": "corpus-716551", "score": 0.6607516407966614, "text": "Hey anybody have experience re filing a claim out there? Back story. My claim ended 1/31. This is the first week I can file a new claim.I have 3 employers in the past 18 months since 1/31 and only earning in 2 quarters. I probably don’t have enough to qualify for a brand new claim and need to be extended on my old claim. I have tried to call and call and call no luck. I n thinking about doing it online. Can some one please please help if they have experience with this.?", "topk_rank": 11 }, { "id": "corpus-1232708", "score": 0.6607069969177246, "text": "Even if I do not find another job before the end of the month I'm going to put in my two weeks. I do not see this place actually honoring the employment contract ever. It's been well over a year. I'm done iwth the carrot on a stick trick and it's actually been costing me more to work here sometimes than not. \n\n\nI haven't told anyone here yet though, I'll leave that so the extreme awkwardness will only last two weeks.", "topk_rank": 12 }, { "id": "corpus-47197", "score": 0.6606893539428711, "text": "In the U.S. George W. Bush had the unemployment calculations changed. Now, instead of looking at who is really unemployed (a bit difficult to do), only those people who are actively drawing unemployment funds are counted. So, the numbers get skewed in the \"less than reality\" direction. Example: I lose my job and go on unemployment. I am now counted as unemployed. Several months later I run out of unemployment funds, yet still have no job. Because I'm not drawing off of unemployment funds, I'm not counted as unemployed. To the government it looks like I got a job, and they report a decrease in the unemployment rate. In reality, I'm not working, I'm homeless, and the unemployment rate is unchanged.", "topk_rank": 13 }, { "id": "corpus-717804", "score": 0.6606876850128174, "text": "How do you qualify for backdating your claim in NY?\n\nBack in 2019, I opened a claim with NY Unemployment since I had been laid off due to lack of work. Was only paid out 3 weeks since I then began working as self-employed in NJ. All my work has now been stopped due to COVID-19.\n\nWhen filing for Unemployment this time around, I thought to go through NJ since CARES Act allows self-employed to qualify now. It has been a nightmare so I would rather do NY. (Waited over a month for NJ and now I believe they will give me the minimum weekly amount of $231 which is significantly less than my valid NY claim.)\n\nI haven't claimed any money from NJ yet. Since I already have an open Unemployment claim in NY, how does backdating / backpay work? I know NY announced their system allows for backdating, but I don't know if it's just for new claims that have had errors in claiming previous weeks, etc. My first day of recent unemployment is 4/5 so I would need about 5+ weeks of backdating. Help!", "topk_rank": 14 }, { "id": "corpus-1353983", "score": 0.6606632471084595, "text": "I have worked at my job for the past 2-3 years and was recently laid off from my job on December 12th 2016 due to shortage of work. As far as I knew I was coming back to work sometime in the new year because there are temporary lay offs every year due to the nature of the job. Usually things start back up in February so that is sort of when I was expecting to get called back. \n\nI received a phone call today telling me that I was not being called back to work this year due to a lack of \"happiness and enthusiasm\" and my attitude just wasn't \"working out\". \n\nWhen I was originally laid off I did not receive any kind of written or verbal notice that I was being laid off, I was just slowly taken off the work schedule. The phone call today was the only notice or mention that I have gotten that told me I was no longer working there. So I guess I was never given any notice or even any kind of suggestion that I was being fired before today.\n\nI guess I'm just wondering if my termination of employment was handled correctly and if there is anything I can do about it.\n\nI guess I should also mention that I have never been written up before or anything like that.", "topk_rank": 15 }, { "id": "corpus-1233350", "score": 0.6606533527374268, "text": "This is in California. I work at a wood manufacturing plant and I have been employed with the company for about 6 months now. Around 10 other employees are also with the company while the rest of the employees (60ish) are through an Agency. Most of the current employees have been hired through an Agency as the company implemented this hiring practice for the past month. We have a high turnover rate given that we are a manufacturing plant.\n\nObviously, the point of an Agency is to one day get employed through the company and definitely NOT the other way around! Some guys have been here for years and everyone is still being asked to switch to Agency. We got bullshit reasons about how \"We'll get better benefits\" when we currently don't even get benefits through the company. It's all false promises and bullshit and we all know this. The way they \"ask\" us frames it so that it's really not optional as they push the paperwork to us and so on.\n\nI have strong suspicions that the company will either get rid of us soon or just want to avoid employment because I know for a fact the company owners 100% are committed to selling this company. This isn't the case of building up a facility, building a brand, and then working 20+ years on this until retirement. I've discussed with the owners before and they haven't been shy to say that they only got into the business to invest and flip for a high return.\n\nI received the Agency paperwork but I surely cannot be forced to sign? I know that if the company disagrees with me, they still cannot risk contrustive dismissal because I fully intend to fight them. I also want to work here as long as possible (since I got past 90-day probation) and want to collect unemployment when they decide to dump everyone, which I am positive will happen. With all this said, what are my legal rights to this?", "topk_rank": 16 }, { "id": "corpus-1232887", "score": 0.660571813583374, "text": "Hello everyone!\n\nThe situation:\nI am a recent college graduate (May). Finances have never been easy and my student loans savings (smart right?) ran out in July. Thankfully, I was able to secure employment in July and started a new job as a software engineer at a local start-up. They wanted me to move in to the company house/office. I was fairly uneasy about it, things were moving too quickly for me as I had not begun working yet. However, I had little choice, under their pressure I felt the only thing I could say was \"I don't trust you,\" which is a poor way to start a job you desperately need. There was more sketchiness, like a probation period in which I will work 40 hours/week and make $1000 a month. If you do the math, that is below federal minimum wage. But I am salaried. I ended up moving in, hoping that it would make life easier by saving money for rent (they offered free rent at a $1000 value, a luxury I already had living with my parents before (glamorous, I know, but not slavery)) and time on the commute. With no money, there was little choice.\n\nThe problem:\nThe company has never bothered asking for my payroll information. It has been over a month now since I was hired. My contract (which I am open to share if anyone is interested in helping) states that I should be paid every second and fourth Friday of the month. On the second Friday of August I inquired about my paycheck and was told to sit tight that the company was just working out my payroll information and that some delay is normal. I've worked other jobs before, I know that can be true. The second pay period passed and I asked again about my pay to which they replied they would collect my payroll information for direct deposit on September 1st. In this time I saw another employee (a fraternity brother of the CEO) get hired and they got the direct deposit information immediately when they did the rest of the paperwork, but mine still hasn't been collected? There is another employee in the exact same situation as me. Neither of us have been paid for four weeks of work and our payroll information has not been collected. I wonder how long they would have let us work without pay if I had not been asking about it.\n\nThis seems to me to be a flagrant break of the contract that I signed. I have bills, car insurance, phone, food, etc. I can't continue going hungry and asking friends for loans much longer (as a full-time employee!). Additionally, there have been other violations of the contract or illegal actions by the company. For example, my contract said I started on August 1st (a Tuesday), but they made me start on July 31st (the Monday before). On half of the weeks I worked more than the 40 hours that my contract states. They lied (in the contract!) about the benefits package they said they were offering me, I later found out those are the benefits they hope to one day offer, though that was not how it was presented when I was being hired. Perhaps the largest issue though is that the CEO is an engineer for another company and is having me and the other employee do his work for him. He is regularly giving us proprietary information/technology from the company in which he is just an employee of. This surely must violate his NDA.\n\nNow I am in the office house, watched all the time, always made to feel guilty for not working. I know I need to leave, I am applying to other jobs, but I don't have them yet and I still have no money to be unemployed again. I'm worried about the other employee too, she said her savings ran out this week.", "topk_rank": 17 }, { "id": "corpus-1105283", "score": 0.6605445146560669, "text": "Location: North Carolina\n\nMy roommate lost her job last week and was offered 10 days pay and unused vacation hours if she signs this agreement. Before signing we want to make sure that nothing in it will keep her from collecting unemployment benefits.\n\nHere's a snapshot of the first page with names removed. The phrase 'for cause' worries us the most. The rest just talks about the usual 'don't release confidential info and if you don't say anything bad about us we'll do the same'", "topk_rank": 18 }, { "id": "corpus-1518074", "score": 0.6605252027511597, "text": "apparently my claim was approved because my 2nd week claimed was just paid. waiting week wasn't paid though...I'll chalk that up to their overloaded system. the 600 wasn't there yet either.", "topk_rank": 19 } ]