wiki-ref
stringlengths 54
199
| old_content
stringlengths 1
48.7k
| old_time
stringlengths 20
20
| new_content
stringlengths 1
49.3k
| new_time
stringlengths 20
20
|
---|---|---|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endaural_phenomena&diff=12013581&oldid=12013078 | {stub} | 2005-04-07T22:34:31Z | {{stub}} | 2005-04-07T22:35:11Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ESKAPE&diff=774708516&oldid=774708482 | **[[Enterococcus faecium]]*
**[[Staphylococcus aureus]]*
**[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]*
**[[Acinetobacter baumannii]]*
**[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]*
**[[Enterobacter spp.]]* | 2017-04-10T05:32:57Z | * *[[Enterococcus faecium]]*
* *[[Staphylococcus aureus]]*
* *[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]*
* *[[Acinetobacter baumannii]]*
* *[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]*
* *[[Enterobacter]] spp.* | 2017-04-10T05:33:21Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ketolysis&diff=1078724168&oldid=1076023017 | '''Ketolysis''' is the process of [[Catabolism|catabolizing]] [[ketone]]s, the opposite of [[ketogenesis]] which is the process of synthesizing ketones. Ketogenesis occurs primarily in the [[liver]], whereas ketolysis occurs in non-liver cells, especially in the[[heart]], [[brain]], and [[skeletal muscle]].<ref name="pmid28178565">{{cite journal | vauthors=Puchalska P, Crawford PA | title=Multi-dimensional Roles of Ketone Bodies in Fuel Metabolism, Signaling, and Therapeutics | journal=[[Cell Metabolism]] | volume=25 | issue=2 | pages=262-284 | year=2017 | doi = 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.022 | pmc=5313038 | pmid=28178565 }}</ref> The [[OXCT1|SCOT]] enzyme is required for ketolysis, and is present in the [[mitochondria]] of all mammalian cells except for [[hepatocyte]]s.<ref name="pmid28178565" /> | 2022-03-09T00:10:55Z | '''Ketolysis''' is the process of [[Catabolism|catabolizing]] [[ketone]]s, the opposite of [[ketogenesis]] which is the process of synthesizing ketones. Ketogenesis occurs primarily in the [[liver]], whereas ketolysis occurs in non-liver cells, especially in the [[heart]], [[brain]], and [[skeletal muscle]].<ref name="pmid28178565">{{cite journal | vauthors=Puchalska P, Crawford PA | title=Multi-dimensional Roles of Ketone Bodies in Fuel Metabolism, Signaling, and Therapeutics | journal=[[Cell Metabolism]] | volume=25 | issue=2 | pages=262-284 | year=2017 | doi = 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.022 | pmc=5313038 | pmid=28178565 }}</ref> The [[OXCT1|SCOT]] enzyme is required for ketolysis, and is present in the [[mitochondria]] of all mammalian cells except for [[hepatocyte]]s.<ref name="pmid28178565" /> | 2022-03-23T00:23:22Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monotherapy&diff=202907600&oldid=202906799 | {[reflist}} | 2008-04-02T22:26:16Z | {{reflist}} | 2008-04-02T22:30:19Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ocular_prosthesis&diff=92529086&oldid=92529019 | Also referred to as an eye prosthesis or [[ocular prosthetic]]. | 2006-12-06T20:18:41Z | Also referred to as an [[eye prosthesis]] or [[ocular prosthetic]]. | 2006-12-06T20:19:05Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speech–language_pathology&diff=699086424&oldid=699086292 | **[[Autism spectrum disorders|Autism]],<ref>https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/pages/autism.aspx</ref> including [[Asperger syndrome]]<ref>http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm</ref> | 2016-01-10T04:27:24Z | **[[Autism|Autism spectrum disorders]],<ref>https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/pages/autism.aspx</ref> including [[Asperger syndrome]]<ref>http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm</ref> | 2016-01-10T04:28:40Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spontaneous_breathing_trial&diff=285114504&oldid=285113970 | Patients on a ventilator must be weaned from the ventilator. The weaning process is highly dependent on the patient's pathology, but the final common pathway to ventilator independence always includes at least one trial of spontaneous breathing.
* Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) less than 8 cm water
** Ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to F<sub>I</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (P/F ratio) in the vicinity of 400 | 2009-04-20T22:36:49Z | Patients on a [[ventilator]] must be weaned from the ventilator. The weaning process is highly dependent on the patient's pathology, but the final common pathway to ventilator independence always includes at least one trial of spontaneous breathing.
* [[Positive end expiratory pressure]] (PEEP) less than 8 cm water
** Ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to F<sub>I</sub>O<sub>2</sub> ([[P/F ratio]]) in the vicinity of 400 | 2009-04-20T22:39:48Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VIP_medicine&diff=739459863&oldid=739459757 | Some medical institutions have drafted new policy directed at correcting some of the excesses of VIP medicine. In 2011, the [[Cleveland Clinic]]’s Jorge Guzman published nine principles of caring for VIPs in the ''[[Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine]]'', warning staff against bending the rules, accepting lavish gifts, and automatically bringing in department chairs to care for a patient rather than a lower-ranking physician who might actually be more expert in treating a particular ailment. At the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, new policy states that personal gifts to staff in excess of $25 value cannot be accepted and must be forwarded to the development office. | 2016-09-14T20:33:02Z | Some medical institutions have drafted new policy directed at correcting some of the excesses of VIP medicine. In 2011, the [[Cleveland Clinic]]’s Jorge Guzman published nine principles of caring for VIPs in the ''[[Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine]]'', warning staff against bending the rules, accepting lavish gifts, and automatically bringing in department chairs to care for a patient rather than a lower-ranking physician who might actually be more expert in treating a particular ailment. At the [[Mayo Clinic]] in Minnesota, new policy states that personal gifts to staff in excess of $25 value cannot be accepted and must be forwarded to the development office. | 2016-09-14T20:33:55Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Watchful_waiting&diff=75812113&oldid=30222075 | '''Watchful waiting''', also referred to as '''observation''', is an approach to a [[medicine|medical]] problem in which time is allowed to pass before further [[medical test|testing]] or [[therapy]] is pursued. Often watchful waiting is recommended in situations with a high likelihood of self-resolution or situations where the risks of a therapy potentially outweigh its benefits. | 2005-12-05T14:04:37Z | '''Watchful waiting''', also referred to as '''observation''', is an approach to a [[medicine|medical]] problem in which time is allowed to pass before further [[medical test|testing]] or therapy is pursued. Often watchful waiting is recommended in situations with a high likelihood of self-resolution or situations where the risks of a therapy potentially outweigh its benefits. | 2006-09-15T02:16:03Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emotional_symbiosis&diff=600242780&oldid=600242646 | '''Emotional Symbiosis''' is when a an individual has the limited capacity to be aware of, respect, appreciate, comprehend the subjectivity of another. This occurs in the phase of early development when a child is completely dependant, and both physically and emotionally closely bonded with their mother. Most people suffer from Emotional Symbiosis, and it is very common because it's origins are in the early childhood treatment of babies. People who have '''Emotional Symbiosis''' tend to put others down in order to make themselves feel as if they have all of the right answers. Unfortunately, '''Emotional Symbiosis''' can be passed down through generations, and can have a negative impact onto a family's life. | 2014-03-19T01:00:02Z | '''Emotional Symbiosis''' is when an individual has the limited capacity to be aware of, respect, appreciate, comprehend the subjectivity of another. This occurs in the phase of early development when a child is completely dependant, and both physically and emotionally closely bonded with their mother. Most people suffer from Emotional Symbiosis, and it is very common because it's origins are in the early childhood treatment of babies. People who have '''Emotional Symbiosis''' tend to put others down in order to make themselves feel as if they have all of the right answers. Unfortunately, '''Emotional Symbiosis''' can be passed down through generations, and can have a negative impact onto a family's life. | 2014-03-19T01:01:30Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ikigai&diff=356997160&oldid=356997020 | [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1450260"Factors associated with "Ikigai" among members of a public temporary employment agency for seniors (Silver Human Resources Centre) in Japan; gender differences"], Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006; 4: 12.(Retrieved Nov 2008)
[http://moreexplore.blogspot.com/2005/10/ikigai.html"Ikigai"], More Explore (Retrieved Nov 2008).
[http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-good-life/200809/ikigai-and-mortality "Ikigai and Mortality"] Psychology Today. 17 Sep 2008. (Retrieved Jan 2010) | 2010-04-19T14:49:23Z | *[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1450260"Factors associated with "Ikigai" among members of a public temporary employment agency for seniors (Silver Human Resources Centre) in Japan; gender differences"], Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006; 4: 12.(Retrieved Nov 2008)
*[http://moreexplore.blogspot.com/2005/10/ikigai.html"Ikigai"], More Explore (Retrieved Nov 2008).
*[http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-good-life/200809/ikigai-and-mortality "Ikigai and Mortality"] Psychology Today. 17 Sep 2008. (Retrieved Jan 2010) | 2010-04-19T14:50:13Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basic_Occupational_Health_Services&diff=214377874&oldid=214377645 | Objectives
'''Objectives''' | 2008-05-23T07:57:31Z | [[Objectives
]]
[['''Objectives''']] | 2008-05-23T07:59:32Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Registered_Safety_Professional&diff=610138351&oldid=609995658 | <br>A CRSP applies broad based safety knowledge to develop systems that will achieve optimum control over hazards and exposures detrimental to people, equipment, material and the environment. A CRSP is dedicated to the principles of loss control, accident prevention and environmental protection as demonstrated by their daily activities. | 2014-05-24T21:54:49Z | <br>A CRSP applies broad based safety knowledge to develop systems that will achieve optimum control over hazards and exposures detrimental to people, equipment, material and the environment. A [[CRSP]] is dedicated to the principles of loss control, accident prevention and environmental protection as demonstrated by their daily activities. | 2014-05-26T00:19:10Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Effective_safety_training&diff=145821446&oldid=145821292 | OSHA ([[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]])has written tons of workplace safety standards and regulations that every employer must abide by and every employee must practice. It is the employers legal responsibility to educate their employees on all workplace safety standards and hazards they may face while on the job. The purpose of this article is to educate readers on:
* The Types of Training Requirements | 2007-07-20T02:47:37Z | OSHA ([[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]]) has written tons of workplace safety standards and regulations that every employer must abide by and every employee must practice. It is the employers legal responsibility to educate their employees on all workplace safety standards and hazards they may face while on the job. The purpose of this article is to educate readers on:
* Types of Training Requirements | 2007-07-20T02:48:34Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Employee_assistance_program&diff=93371608&oldid=93371422 | * {http://www.hraeap.com/Human Resource Associates Employee Assistance Program | 2006-12-10T15:17:14Z | * {http://www.hraeap.com/ Human Resource Associates Employee Assistance Program | 2006-12-10T15:18:27Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energy_Employees_Occupational_Illness_Compensation_Program&diff=292830624&oldid=292827692 | Between 2000 and 2008, The '''Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program''' has provided more than $4.5 billion in benefits to sick workers and their families. Compensation recipients are mainly former workers in the U.S. [[nuclear weapons]] program who developed [[cancer]] or [[lung disease]] as a result of exposure to [[radiation]], beryllium and other hazards.<ref name=d>[http://www.gwumc.edu/sphhs/faculty/michaels_david.cfm David Michaels, PhD, MPH]</ref> | 2009-05-28T06:08:00Z | Between 2000 and 2008, The U.S. '''Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program''' has provided more than $4.5 billion in benefits to sick workers and their families. Compensation recipients are mainly former workers in the U.S. [[nuclear weapons]] program who developed [[cancer]] or [[lung disease]] as a result of exposure to [[radiation]], beryllium and other hazards.<ref name=d>[http://www.gwumc.edu/sphhs/faculty/michaels_david.cfm David Michaels, PhD, MPH]</ref> | 2009-05-28T06:41:02Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exposure_action_value&diff=192872718&oldid=192872569 | <ref>http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=9735&p_table=STANDARDS</ref> OSHA Occupational Noise Exposure Regulation 1910.95 | 2008-02-20T20:13:15Z | <ref>[http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=9735&p_table=STANDARDS]</ref> OSHA Occupational Noise Exposure Regulation 1910.95 | 2008-02-20T20:14:08Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_aid_room&diff=432664037&oldid=432663974 | * a record book for recording incidents.<ref>THE HEALTH AND SAFETY (FIRST-AID) REGULATIONS 1981 - APPROVED CODE OF PRACTICE AND GUIDANCE (L74), [http://www.hse.gov.uk/firstaid/review/firstaidl74.pdf]>/ref>
In the [[United Kingdom]] a first aid room is required in some [[Chemical plant|chemical factories]], [[Construction site safety|construction sites]], and premises at a distance from medical services. In some cases the room may be used for other purposes when not required for first aid.<ref>THE HEALTH AND SAFETY (FIRST-AID) REGULATIONS 1981 - APPROVED CODE OF PRACTICE AND GUIDANCE (L74), [http://www.hse.gov.uk/firstaid/review/firstaidl74.pdf]>/ref> | 2011-06-05T11:26:56Z | * a record book for recording incidents.<ref>THE HEALTH AND SAFETY (FIRST-AID) REGULATIONS 1981 - APPROVED CODE OF PRACTICE AND GUIDANCE (L74), [[http://www.hse.gov.uk/firstaid/review/firstaidl74.pdf]]>/ref>
In the [[United Kingdom]] a first aid room is required in some [[Chemical plant|chemical factories]], [[Construction site safety|construction sites]], and premises at a distance from medical services. In some cases the room may be used for other purposes when not required for first aid.<ref>THE HEALTH AND SAFETY (FIRST-AID) REGULATIONS 1981 - APPROVED CODE OF PRACTICE AND GUIDANCE (L74), [[http://www.hse.gov.uk/firstaid/review/firstaidl74.pdf]]>/ref> | 2011-06-05T11:27:39Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas_leak&diff=14018431&oldid=14018391 | A '''gas leak''' is when in a room when [[gas]] has been left on or a gas connection is leaking and you're left with a room full of gas. If a spark of [[electricity]] or [[static]] is created then this will ignite the gas causing a gas [[explosion]]. | 2005-05-21T11:41:39Z | A '''gas leak''' is when in a room when [[gas]] has been left on or a gas connection is leaking and you're left with a room full of gas. If a spark of [[electricity]] or [[static]] is created then this will ignite the gas causing a [[gas explosion]]. | 2005-05-21T11:43:22Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laboratory_safety&diff=644998770&oldid=644998729 | [[Category:Safety}] | 2015-01-31T15:47:45Z | [[Category:Safety]] | 2015-01-31T15:48:03Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meat-packing_industry&diff=226401489&oldid=226401380 | While the meatpacking industry has made many improvements since the early 1900s, it still has some outstanding labor issues. Today, the rate of injury in the meatpacking industry is three times that of private industry overall, and meatpacking was noted by [[Human Rights Watch]] as being "the most dangerous factory job in America". The meatpacking industry also employs many [[undocumented worker|undocumented immigrant laborers]] in the United States. Undocumented workers are often at greater risk due to their limited ability to organize and to seek redress for work related injury. <ref>Greenhouse, Stephen [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/25/business/25cnd-meat.html?scp=6&sq=meatpacking&st=cse Meatpacking Industry Criticized on Human Rights Grounds] The New York Times</ref><ref>[http://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/usa0105/1.htm Blood, Sweat, and Fear] Human Rights Watch</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/13/opinion/13sun2.html?scp=1&sq=meatpacking&st=cse The Shameville of Postville, Iowa] The New York Times</ref> | 2008-07-18T06:41:54Z | While the meatpacking industry has made many improvements since the early 1900s, it still has some outstanding labor issues. Today, the rate of injury in the meatpacking industry is three times that of private industry overall, and meatpacking was noted by [[Human Rights Watch]] as being "the most dangerous factory job in America". The meatpacking industry also employs many [[undocumented worker|undocumented immigrant laborers]] in the United States. Undocumented workers in the meatpacking industry are often at greater risk due to their limited ability to organize and to seek redress for work related injury. <ref>Greenhouse, Stephen [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/25/business/25cnd-meat.html?scp=6&sq=meatpacking&st=cse Meatpacking Industry Criticized on Human Rights Grounds] The New York Times</ref><ref>[http://www.hrw.org/reports/2005/usa0105/1.htm Blood, Sweat, and Fear] Human Rights Watch</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/13/opinion/13sun2.html?scp=1&sq=meatpacking&st=cse The Shameville of Postville, Iowa] The New York Times</ref> | 2008-07-18T06:42:51Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Agricultural_Safety_Database&diff=150710338&oldid=150710225 | The National Ag Safety Database (NASD) was developed with funding from the [[National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health]] (NIOSH), the US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], and the [[USDA]] [[Cooperative Extension Service]] (CES). The information contained in NASD was contributed by safety professionals and organizations from across the [[United States]]. Specifically, the objectives of the NASD project are: 1) to provide a national resource for the dissemination of information; 2) to educate workers and managers about occupational hazards associated with agriculture-related injuries, deaths and illnesses; 3) to provide prevention information; 4) to promote the consideration of safety and health issues in agricultural operations; and 5) to provide a convenient way for members of the agricultural safety and health community to share educational and research materials with their colleagues. | 2007-08-12T04:44:29Z | The National Ag Safety Database (NASD) was developed with funding from the [[United States]] [[National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health]] (NIOSH), the US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], and the [[USDA]] [[Cooperative Extension Service]] (CES). The information contained in NASD was contributed by safety professionals and organizations from across the [[United States]]. Specifically, the objectives of the NASD project are: 1) to provide a national resource for the dissemination of information; 2) to educate workers and managers about occupational hazards associated with agriculture-related injuries, deaths and illnesses; 3) to provide prevention information; 4) to promote the consideration of safety and health issues in agricultural operations; and 5) to provide a convenient way for members of the agricultural safety and health community to share educational and research materials with their colleagues. | 2007-08-12T04:45:33Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Week&diff=160043840&oldid=160043394 | North American Occupational Safety and Health Week, or NAOSH Week, occurs every year during the first full week of May. NAOSH Week is intended to raise awareness about occupational safety, health and the environment. The [[American Society of Safety Engineers]] (ASSE) joined with the Canadian Society of Safety Engineering (CSSE) in 2002 to raise the public's awareness of occupational safety, health and the environment in North America during NAOSH Week. This is one tool the 96-year-old ASSE and its 31,000 occupational safety, health and environmental professional members use throughout the year to promote job safety aimed at preventing injuries and illnesses. Several organizations representing thousands of businesses have partnered with ASSE and CSSE to support NAOSH Week, including U.S. federal agencies such as the Department of Labor’s [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]] (OSHA).
Each year ASSE urges everyone to get involved in NAOSH Week in an effort to better educate the public about the positive benefits a safe workplace provides not only for workers, but for their families, friends, businesses, their local community and the global community.
| 2007-09-24T16:20:00Z | North American Occupational Safety and Health Week, or NAOSH Week, occurs every year during the first full week of May. NAOSH Week is intended to raise awareness about occupational safety, health and the environment. The American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) joined with the Canadian Society of Safety Engineering (CSSE) in 2002 to raise the public's awareness of occupational safety, health and the environment in North America during NAOSH Week. This is one tool the 96-year-old ASSE and its 31,000 occupational safety, health and environmental professional members use throughout the year to promote job safety aimed at preventing injuries and illnesses. Several organizations representing thousands of businesses have partnered with ASSE and CSSE to support NAOSH Week, including U.S. federal agencies such as the Department of Labor’s [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]] (OSHA).
Each year ASSE urges everyone to get involved in NAOSH Week in an effort to better educate the public about the positive benefits a safe workplace provides not only for workers, but for their families, friends, businesses, their local community and the global community.
| 2007-09-24T16:21:54Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Personal_protective_equipment&diff=305318718&oldid=303586923 | *[[Earpads]]/[[earflaps]] | 2009-07-22T19:27:19Z | *Earpads/earflaps | 2009-07-31T19:08:36Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Principles_of_motion_economy&diff=410063142&oldid=410061399 | The Principles of motion economy concerning the economy of movement which have been developed as a result of experience and which form a good basis for the development of improved methods at the workplace.<ref>Introduction to work study By George Kanawaty, International Labour Office</ref> | 2011-01-25T23:10:10Z | The Principles of motion economy concerning the economy of movement which have been developed as a result of experience and which form a good basis for the development of improved methods at the workplace.
<ref>Introduction to work study By George Kanawaty, International Labour Office</ref> | 2011-01-25T23:20:21Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramboll_Environ&diff=565334533&oldid=564982295 | | key_people = Stephen T. Washburn,<br>Chief Executive Officer<br>Thomas R. Vetrano,<br>Chief Operations Officer<br>Guy Lewis, Chief Financial Officer | 2013-07-19T22:14:04Z | | key_people = Stephen T. Washburn,<br>Chief Executive Officer<br>Thomas R. Vetrano,<br>Chief Operations Officer<br>Guy Lewis,<br>Chief Financial Officer | 2013-07-22T14:18:38Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rust_shooting_incident&diff=1087181878&oldid=1086085863 | While the trio behind the monitor were repositioning the camera to remove a shadow, Baldwin began explaining to the crew how he planned to draw the firearm.<ref name="AffidavitNYTimes"/> He said, "So, I guess I'm gonna take this out, pull it, and go, 'Bang!'"<ref name="LATimesOct21Recap">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-10-31/rust-film-alec-baldwin-shooting-what-happened-that-day|url-access=limited|title=The day Alec Baldwin shot Halyna Hutchins and Joel Souza|date=October 31, 2021|first1=Meg|last1=James|first2=Amy|last2=Kaufman|first3=Julia|last3=Wick|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=November 1, 2021|archive-date=November 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101002235/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-10-31/rust-film-alec-baldwin-shooting-what-happened-that-day|url-status=live}}</ref> When he removed it from the holster, the gun fired a single time. Baldwin and Halls have said that Baldwin did not pull the trigger.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ABC News|title=Alec Baldwin exclusive: 'The trigger wasn't pulled. I didn't pull the trigger'|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/alec-baldwin-exclusive-trigger-pulled-pull-trigger/story?id=81491305|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-03|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/alec-baldwin-shooting-rust-didnt-pull-trigger-1234883449/|title=Attorney For 'Rust' Assistant Director Tells 'Good Morning America' Alec Baldwin Didn't Pull Trigger Of Gun That Fired Fatal Shot|date=December 2, 2021|first=Ted|last=Johnson|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=December 2, 2021}}</ref> The projectile flew towards the three behind the monitor, striking Hutchins in the chest and Souza in the shoulder.<ref name="LATimesReport" /><ref name=Krajewski/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/21/entertainment/rust-film-accident/index.html|title=Director of photography killed, movie director injured after Alec Baldwin discharged prop firearm on movie set|date=October 22, 2021|first=Sandra|last=Gonzalez|website=[[CNN]]|access-date=October 22, 2021|archive-date=October 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022025122/https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/21/entertainment/rust-film-accident/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Script supervisor Mamie Mitchell called [[9-1-1]] at 1:46{{nbsp}}p.m. PT and emergency crews appeared three minutes later.<ref name="LATimesOct21Recap" /> The incident was not recorded.<ref name="Oct27InvestigationStatement"/> | 2022-05-04T02:48:55Z | While the trio behind the monitor were repositioning the camera to remove a shadow, Baldwin began explaining to the crew how he planned to draw the firearm.<ref name="AffidavitNYTimes"/> He said, "So, I guess I'm gonna take this out, pull it, and go, 'Bang!'"<ref name="LATimesOct21Recap">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-10-31/rust-film-alec-baldwin-shooting-what-happened-that-day|url-access=limited|title=The day Alec Baldwin shot Halyna Hutchins and Joel Souza|date=October 31, 2021|first1=Meg|last1=James|first2=Amy|last2=Kaufman|first3=Julia|last3=Wick|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=November 1, 2021|archive-date=November 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101002235/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2021-10-31/rust-film-alec-baldwin-shooting-what-happened-that-day|url-status=live}}</ref> When he removed it from the holster, the gun was fired a single time. Baldwin and Halls have said that Baldwin did not pull the trigger.<ref>{{Cite web|last=ABC News|title=Alec Baldwin exclusive: 'The trigger wasn't pulled. I didn't pull the trigger'|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/alec-baldwin-exclusive-trigger-pulled-pull-trigger/story?id=81491305|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-03|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/alec-baldwin-shooting-rust-didnt-pull-trigger-1234883449/|title=Attorney For 'Rust' Assistant Director Tells 'Good Morning America' Alec Baldwin Didn't Pull Trigger Of Gun That Fired Fatal Shot|date=December 2, 2021|first=Ted|last=Johnson|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=December 2, 2021}}</ref> The projectile flew towards the three behind the monitor, striking Hutchins in the chest and Souza in the shoulder.<ref name="LATimesReport" /><ref name=Krajewski/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/21/entertainment/rust-film-accident/index.html|title=Director of photography killed, movie director injured after Alec Baldwin discharged prop firearm on movie set|date=October 22, 2021|first=Sandra|last=Gonzalez|website=[[CNN]]|access-date=October 22, 2021|archive-date=October 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022025122/https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/21/entertainment/rust-film-accident/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Script supervisor Mamie Mitchell called [[9-1-1]] at 1:46{{nbsp}}p.m. PT and emergency crews appeared three minutes later.<ref name="LATimesOct21Recap" /> The incident was not recorded.<ref name="Oct27InvestigationStatement"/> | 2022-05-10T21:57:37Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Safe-in-Sound_Award&diff=576234524&oldid=576234343 | {{Reflist}} <ref name="refname" />Meinke DK, Morata TC. Awarding and promoting excellence in hearing loss prevention. International Journal of Audiology 2012; 51: S63–S70. | 2013-10-08T02:59:14Z | {{Reflist}} <ref name="refname" /><ref>Meinke DK, Morata TC. Awarding and promoting excellence in hearing loss prevention. International Journal of Audiology 2012; 51: S63–S70. </ref>Meinke DK, Morata TC. Awarding and promoting excellence in hearing loss prevention. International Journal of Audiology 2012; 51: S63–S70.</ref> | 2013-10-08T03:01:06Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Safety_statement&diff=96759447&oldid=96758311 | Harrington Safety Statement
http://www.niso.ie/links/safetystatement.htm | 2006-12-27T16:31:15Z | Harrington Safety Statement
http://www.niso.ie/links/safetystatement.htm | 2006-12-27T16:38:38Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sifa&diff=259922921&oldid=259922393 | '''Sifa''' or the deadman's control system is a safety device in a [[train]].<ref><{{cite web | url = http://www.virtualmarket.innotrans.de/index.php5?id=1022238&highlight=&fid=523&offset=0&Action=showProduct |title = Deadman’s control system UDB | accessdate=2008-12-24}}/ref> It controls the alertness of the driver. The driver has to repeatedly press a button after a fixed interval, failing to do so the the train will emergency-stop. | 2008-12-24T16:17:36Z | '''Sifa''' or the deadman's control system is a safety device in a [[train]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.virtualmarket.innotrans.de/index.php5?id=1022238&highlight=&fid=523&offset=0&Action=showProduct |title = Deadman’s control system UDB | accessdate=2008-12-24}}</ref> It controls the alertness of the driver. The driver has to repeatedly press a button after a fixed interval, failing to do so the the train will emergency-stop. | 2008-12-24T16:21:16Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Community_health&diff=7964612&oldid=7964546 | Because health (broadly defined as well-being) is influenced by a wide array of socio-demographic characteristics, relevant variables range from the proportion of residents of a given age group to the overall life expectancy of the neighborhood. Medical interventions aimed at improving the health of a community range from improving access to medical care to public health communications campaigns. Recent research efforts have focused on how the built enviornment and socio-econommic status (see [[socioeconomics]] affect health. | 2004-11-29T21:09:59Z | Because health (broadly defined as well-being) is influenced by a wide array of socio-demographic characteristics, relevant variables range from the proportion of residents of a given age group to the overall life expectancy of the neighborhood. Medical interventions aimed at improving the health of a community range from improving access to medical care to public health communications campaigns. Recent research efforts have focused on how the built enviornment and socio-econommic status (see [[socioeconomics]]) affect health. | 2004-11-29T21:12:02Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Sasakawa_Health_Prize_recipients&diff=1128287666&oldid=1128287406 | |[[Oladapo Alabi Ladipo]]<br />[Grace Ebun Delano]]
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arpana Research And Charities Trust Contact Number, Contact Details Karnal - NGO Foundation |url=https://www.ngofoundation.in/ngo-s-india/arpana-research-and-charities-trust-contact-number-contact-details_i51264 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=www.ngofoundation.in}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Amal Abdurrahman Al-Jowder, from Bahrain receives the Sasakawa Health Prize |url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ViewPics.aspx?id=167752 |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=www.kuna.net.kw}}</ref> | 2022-12-19T10:34:15Z | |[[Oladapo Alabi Ladipo]]<br />[[Grace Ebun Delano]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arpana Research And Charities Trust Contact Number, Contact Details Karnal - NGO Foundation |url=https://www.ngofoundation.in/ngo-s-india/arpana-research-and-charities-trust-contact-number-contact-details_i51264 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=www.ngofoundation.in}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Amal Abdurrahman Al-Jowder, from Bahrain receives the Sasakawa Health Prize |url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ViewPics.aspx?id=167752 |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=www.kuna.net.kw}}</ref> | 2022-12-19T10:35:53Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Onesimus_(Bostonian)&diff=699320517&oldid=699307557 | '''Onesimus''' (Late 1600s–1700s) was a slave owned by [[Cotton Mather]] who [[Cotton_Mather#Early_New_England|saved Boston from smallpox]] by teaching inoculation.<ref name=niven/> He was declared one of the Best Bostonians of All Time.<ref name=best/> | 2016-01-11T15:36:43Z | '''Onesimus''' (Late 1600s–1700s<ref name=best/>) was a slave owned by [[Cotton Mather]] who [[Cotton_Mather#Early_New_England|saved Boston from smallpox]] by teaching inoculation.<ref name=niven/> He was declared one of the Best Bostonians of All Time.<ref name=best/> | 2016-01-11T17:14:54Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Well-being&diff=761588357&oldid=761588232 | '''Well-being''', '''wellbeing''',<ref>• http://www.thefreedictionary.com/wellbeing</ref> '''welfare''' or '''wellness''' is a general term for the condition of an individual or group, for example their social, [[economic development|economic]], psychological, spiritual or medical state; a high level of well-being means in some sense the individual or group's condition is positive, while low well-being is associated with negative happenings. | 2017-01-23T19:46:32Z | '''Well-being''', '''wellbeing''',<ref>• http://www.thefreedictionary.com/wellbeing</ref> '''welfare''' or '''wellness''' is a general term for the condition of an individual or group, for example their social, [[economic development|economic]], psychological, spiritual or medical state; a high level of well-being means in some sense the individual or group's condition is positive, while low well-being is associated with negative happenings. | 2017-01-23T19:47:06Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Common_disease-common_variant&diff=94841102&oldid=94841031 | The common disease-common variant (often abbreviated CD-CV) hypothesis predicts common disease causing alleles will be found in all populations. Variations in the human genome in the form of [[single nucleotide polymorphisms]] (SNPs) are common in independent populations. Common variations are concentrated in coding and regulatory sequences in genes. Evolutionary neutral diseases, complex polygenic diseases, are caused by these variations. Each variation in a complex disease will have a small effect on the disease phenotype resulting in additive or multiplicative effect of many susceptibility alleles.
The hypothesis has held true in the case of putative causal variants in the [[apolipoprotein]] E, ''APOE'' ε4, associated with [[Alzheimer's disease]]. [[IL23R]] has been found to be associated with [[Crohn's disease]]; the at-risk allele of has a frequency 93% in the general population. | 2006-12-17T05:53:14Z | The common disease-common variant (often abbreviated CD-CV) hypothesis predicts common disease causing alleles will be found in all populations. Variations in the human genome in the form of [[single nucleotide polymorphisms]] (SNPs) are common in independent populations. Common variations are concentrated in coding and regulatory sequences in genes. Evolutionary neutral diseases, complex polygenic diseases, are caused by these variations. Each variation in a complex disease will have a small effect on the disease phenotype resulting in additive or multiplicative effect of many susceptibility alleles. The hypothesis has held true in the case of putative causal variants in the [[apolipoprotein]] E, ''APOE'' ε4, associated with [[Alzheimer's disease]]. [[IL23R]] has been found to be associated with [[Crohn's disease]]; the at-risk allele of has a frequency 93% in the general population. | 2006-12-17T05:53:54Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethnopsychopharmacology&diff=41116112&oldid=41114494 | ''For original text please see <ref name=Wells> Wells, S. M. "Research shows ethnicity a factor in medication response," in Psychopharmacology across cultures: The science and practice of ethnopsychopharmacology. ''the Evaluation Center@HSRI'' 23 Oct. 1998; '''1'''(3).
[http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/cmhs/CommunitySupport/research/fastfacts/HSRI_Oct98.asp HSRI</ref>, published under public domain [http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/aboutken/privacy.asp SAMHSA].''
* [http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/aboutken/privacy.asp SAMHSA]. | 2006-02-25T03:31:54Z | ''For original text please see <ref name=Wells> Wells, S. M. "Research shows ethnicity a factor in medication response," in Psychopharmacology across cultures: The science and practice of ethnopsychopharmacology. ''the Evaluation Center@HSRI'' 23 Oct. 1998; '''1'''(3).
[http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/cmhs/CommunitySupport/research/fastfacts/HSRI_Oct98.asp HSRI]</ref>, published under public domain [http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/aboutken/privacy.asp SAMHSA].'' | 2006-02-25T03:46:51Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Commission_on_Health_Research_for_Development&diff=361642196&oldid=361298046 | [http://www.cohred.org/The Council on Health Research for Development] (COHRED), took over where the Task Force left off. COHRED’s primary responsibility became, firstly, advocacy for Essential National Health Research (ENHR) and, secondly, supporting research capacity in low and middle income countries. Provided with an extremely meagre budget compared to current ‘global health partnerships’, COHRED was nevertheless instrumental in promoting research priority setting in low and middle income countries. It brought the message of ENHR to countries across the world – and – continues to do this, and more, to date. COHRED was established within the administrative environment of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) rather than in the World Health Organization (WHO). This emphasizes a key characteristic of COHRED: its focus is development – and the way to get there include promotion of research and research systems for health, equity and development. See the pages on COHRED or Council on Health Research for Development for more and more updated information. | 2010-05-10T16:29:24Z | [http://www.cohred.org/ The Council on Health Research for Development] (COHRED), took over where the Task Force left off. COHRED’s primary responsibility became, firstly, advocacy for Essential National Health Research (ENHR) and, secondly, supporting research capacity in low and middle income countries. Provided with an extremely meagre budget compared to current ‘global health partnerships’, COHRED was nevertheless instrumental in promoting research priority setting in low and middle income countries. It brought the message of ENHR to countries across the world – and – continues to do this, and more, to date. COHRED was established within the administrative environment of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) rather than in the World Health Organization (WHO). This emphasizes a key characteristic of COHRED: its focus is development – and the way to get there include promotion of research and research systems for health, equity and development. See the pages on COHRED or Council on Health Research for Development for more and more updated information. | 2010-05-12T08:23:07Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uni_Health&diff=330865023&oldid=330864864 | * Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research
* Child Protection Research Unit
* Dental Biomaterials: Adverse Reaction Unit
* GAMUT (the Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre)
* HEMIL Centre (Research Centre for Health Promotion)
* National Centre for Emergency Primary Health Care
* Occupational and Environmental Medicine
* Research Unit for General Practice in Bergen
* Research Centre for Sick Leave and Rehabilitation
* Stress, Health and Rehabilitation (formerly the Research Unit of the Norwegian Network for Back Pain) | 2009-12-10T13:32:43Z | Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research
Child Protection Research Unit
Dental Biomaterials: Adverse Reaction Unit
GAMUT (the Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre)
HEMIL Centre (Research Centre for Health Promotion)
National Centre for Emergency Primary Health Care
Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Research Unit for General Practice in Bergen
Research Centre for Sick Leave and Rehabilitation
Stress, Health and Rehabilitation (formerly the Research Unit of the Norwegian Network for Back Pain) | 2009-12-10T13:34:03Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Microlife&diff=531012224&oldid=529032950 | | Resident of Sweden v Russia || −21 || −9 | 2012-12-20T23:27:16Z | | Resident of Russia v Sweden || −21 || −9 | 2013-01-03T01:21:38Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Men_who_have_sex_with_men&diff=392906290&oldid=392906147 | [[File:Capital Gay Pride parade in Albany New York 2009.jpg|thumb|Men, such as these float dancers in the June 2009 Capital Gay [[Pride parade]] in [[Albany, New York]], may never self-identify as ''men who have sex with men'', but researchers use the phrase for a variety of reasons when studying [[same-sex]] sexual behaviours.<ref name="Young Meyer">]] | 2010-10-26T01:34:07Z | [[File:Capital Gay Pride parade in Albany New York 2009.jpg|thumb|Men, such as these float dancers in the June 2009 Capital Gay [[Pride parade]] in [[Albany, New York]], may never self-identify as ''men who have sex with men'', but researchers use the phrase for a variety of reasons when studying [[same-sex]] sexual behaviours.<ref name="Young Meyer"/>]] | 2010-10-26T01:35:05Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pelvic_congestion_syndrome&diff=403912582&oldid=403912306 | The surgical option involves stopping blood flow to the varicose veins using [[noninvasive]] surgical techniques such as a procedure called embolization. The procedure requires an overnight stay in hospital, and is done using [[local anesthetic]]. Patients report an 80% success rate, as measured by the amount of pain reduction experienced.<ref name=Hopkins>{{cite web|url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/vascular/conditions/pelvic/|title=Pelvic Pain (Pelvic Congestion Syndrome)|publisher=Johns Hopkins|accessdate=December 23, 2010}}</ref><ref name=veindirectory/> | 2010-12-23T19:13:17Z | The surgical option involves stopping blood flow to the varicose veins using [[noninvasive]] surgical techniques such as a procedure called embolization. The procedure requires an overnight stay in hospital, and is done using [[local anesthetic]].<ref name=veindirectory/><ref name=Hopkins/> Patients report an 80% success rate, as measured by the amount of pain reduction experienced.<ref name=Hopkins>{{cite web|url=http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/vascular/conditions/pelvic/|title=Pelvic Pain (Pelvic Congestion Syndrome)|publisher=Johns Hopkins|accessdate=December 23, 2010}}</ref> | 2010-12-23T19:15:34Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tubo-ovarian_abscess&diff=663397514&oldid=663397444 | [[Chlamydia trachomatis]] and [[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]] are the most commonly implicated microorganisms. The development of TOA is thought to begin with the [[pathogen]]s spreading from the [[cervix]] to the [[endometrium]], through the [[salpinx]], into the [[peritoneal cavity]] and forming the tubo-ovarian abscess with (in some cases) pelvic peritonitis. TOA can develop from the [[lymphatic system]] with infection of the [[parametrium]] from an [[intrauterine device]] (IUD).<ref name= “Gradison2012”>Pelvic inflammatory disease. American family physician, Vol. 85, No. 8. (15 April 2012), pp. 791-796 by Margaret Gradison</ref> Bacteria recovered from TOAs are [[Escherichia coli]], [[Bacteroides fragilis]], other [[Bacteroides]] species, [[Peptostreptococcus]], [[Peptococcus]], and [[aerobic]] [[streptococci]].<ref name="LandersSweet">{{cite journal|last1=Landers|first1=D. V.|last2=Sweet|first2=R. L.|title=Tubo-ovarian Abscess: Contemporary Approach to Management|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=5|issue=5|year=1983|pages=876–884|issn=1058-4838|doi=10.1093/clinids/5.5.876}}</ref> Long term IUD use is associated with TOA.{{cite book | last = Lentz | first = Gretchen | title = Comprehensive gynecology | publisher = Mosby Elsevier | location = Philadelphia | year = 2013|page=558 | isbn = 9780323069861 }} Actinomyces is also recovered from TOA.<ref>{{cite book | last = Lentz | first = Gretchen | title = Comprehensive gynecology | publisher = Mosby Elsevier | location = Philadelphia | year = 2013|page=558 | isbn = 9780323069861 }}</ref> | 2015-05-21T12:16:04Z | [[Chlamydia trachomatis]] and [[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]] are the most commonly implicated microorganisms. The development of TOA is thought to begin with the [[pathogen]]s spreading from the [[cervix]] to the [[endometrium]], through the [[salpinx]], into the [[peritoneal cavity]] and forming the tubo-ovarian abscess with (in some cases) pelvic peritonitis. TOA can develop from the [[lymphatic system]] with infection of the [[parametrium]] from an [[intrauterine device]] (IUD).<ref name= “Gradison2012”>Pelvic inflammatory disease. American family physician, Vol. 85, No. 8. (15 April 2012), pp. 791-796 by Margaret Gradison</ref> Bacteria recovered from TOAs are [[Escherichia coli]], [[Bacteroides fragilis]], other [[Bacteroides]] species, [[Peptostreptococcus]], [[Peptococcus]], and [[aerobic]] [[streptococci]].<ref name="LandersSweet">{{cite journal|last1=Landers|first1=D. V.|last2=Sweet|first2=R. L.|title=Tubo-ovarian Abscess: Contemporary Approach to Management|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=5|issue=5|year=1983|pages=876–884|issn=1058-4838|doi=10.1093/clinids/5.5.876}}</ref> Long term IUD use is associated with TOA.<ref>{{cite book | last = Lentz | first = Gretchen | title = Comprehensive gynecology | publisher = Mosby Elsevier | location = Philadelphia | year = 2013|page=558 | isbn = 9780323069861 }} Actinomyces is also recovered from TOA.<ref>{{cite book | last = Lentz | first = Gretchen | title = Comprehensive gynecology | publisher = Mosby Elsevier | location = Philadelphia | year = 2013|page=558 | isbn = 9780323069861 }}</ref> | 2015-05-21T12:16:50Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Women's_reproductive_health_in_Russia&diff=608439912&oldid=608439569 | [[Abortion in Russia]]
[[HIV/AIDS in Russia]]
[[LGBT rights in Russia]]
[[Healthcare in Russia]]
[[Demographics of Russia]]
[[Russian Cross]]
[[Ministry of Health (Russia)]] | 2014-05-13T20:16:16Z |
* [[Abortion in Russia]]
* [[HIV/AIDS in Russia]]
* [[LGBT rights in Russia]]
* [[Healthcare in Russia]]
* [[Demographics of Russia]]
* [[Russian Cross]]
* [[Ministry of Health (Russia)]] | 2014-05-13T20:18:46Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deconditioning&diff=197484242&oldid=174442388 | '''Deconditioning''' is adaptation of an organism to less demanding environment, or, alternatively, the decrease of physiological adaptation to normal conditions. Decondition may result from decreased [[physical activity]], prescribed [[bed rest]], [[orthopedic cast]]ing, [[paralysis]], [[aging]], etc. | 2007-11-28T20:26:21Z | '''Deconditioning''' is adaptation of an organism to less demanding environment, or, alternatively, the [[decrease]] of physiological adaptation to normal conditions. Decondition may result from decreased [[physical activity]], prescribed [[bed rest]], [[orthopedic cast]]ing, [[paralysis]], [[aging]], etc. | 2008-03-11T15:13:09Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georgia_Department_of_Public_Health&diff=944997306&oldid=944997279 | Its headquarters are on the 15th floor of in [[Atlanta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dph.georgia.gov/contact-dph|title=Contact DPH|publisher=Georgia Department of Public Health|accessdate=2020-03-11|quote=Georgia Department of Public Health [...] 2 Peachtree Street, NW 15th Floor Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3186}}</ref> | 2020-03-11T05:32:46Z | Its headquarters are on the 15th floor of 2 Peachtree Street, NW in [[Atlanta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dph.georgia.gov/contact-dph|title=Contact DPH|publisher=Georgia Department of Public Health|accessdate=2020-03-11|quote=Georgia Department of Public Health [...] 2 Peachtree Street, NW 15th Floor Atlanta, Georgia 30303-3186}}</ref> | 2020-03-11T05:33:00Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghana_COVID-19_Private_Sector_Fund&diff=972940561&oldid=972940165 | The Ghana Infectious Disease Centre was built because the country did not have an infectious disease centre, so there was a need to to build on through the use of the COVID-19 fund.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-18|title=COVID-19 Private Sector Fund to build 100-bed isolation center in six weeks|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/04/covid-19-private-sector-fund-to-build-100-bed-isolation-center-in-six-weeks/|access-date=2020-08-14|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-21|title=Ghana COVID-19 Private Sector Fund launches #10GhanaChallenge to raise funds for infectious disease isolation and treatment faci|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/ghana-covid-19-private-sector-fund-launches-10ghanachallenge-to-raise-funds-for-infectious-disease-isolation-and-treatment-facility/|access-date=2020-08-14|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> | 2020-08-14T15:34:17Z | The [[Ghana Infectious Disease Centre]] was built because the country did not have an infectious disease centre, so there was a need to to build on through the use of the COVID-19 fund.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-18|title=COVID-19 Private Sector Fund to build 100-bed isolation center in six weeks|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/04/covid-19-private-sector-fund-to-build-100-bed-isolation-center-in-six-weeks/|access-date=2020-08-14|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-21|title=Ghana COVID-19 Private Sector Fund launches #10GhanaChallenge to raise funds for infectious disease isolation and treatment faci|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/ghana-covid-19-private-sector-fund-launches-10ghanachallenge-to-raise-funds-for-infectious-disease-isolation-and-treatment-facility/|access-date=2020-08-14|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> | 2020-08-14T15:36:49Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Health_and_Medical_Services_(Fiji)&diff=932288654&oldid=932288617 | '''Ministry of Health and Medical Services'''<!--Full name from homepage http://www.health.gov.fj as of 2019-12-25--> ('''MOH'''<!--Acronym from http://www.health.gov.fj/?page_id=202, and the page calls it the ministry of health--> is a government ministry of [[Fiji]]. Its head office is in the Dinem House in [[Toorak]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.health.gov.fj/?page_id=202|title=Contact Us|publisher=Ministry of Health and Medical Services|accessdate=2019-12-25|quote=Ministry of Health HEADQUARTERS Dinem House, 88 Amy Street, Toorak}}</ref> | 2019-12-24T19:32:06Z | '''Ministry of Health and Medical Services'''<!--Full name from homepage http://www.health.gov.fj as of 2019-12-25--> ('''MOH'''<!--Acronym from http://www.health.gov.fj/?page_id=202, and the page calls it the ministry of health-->) is a government ministry of [[Fiji]]. Its head office is in the Dinem House in [[Toorak]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.health.gov.fj/?page_id=202|title=Contact Us|publisher=Ministry of Health and Medical Services|accessdate=2019-12-25|quote=Ministry of Health HEADQUARTERS Dinem House, 88 Amy Street, Toorak}}</ref> | 2019-12-24T19:32:26Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mosquito_Awareness_Week&diff=959985477&oldid=959985412 | {{Stub}} | 2020-05-31T15:21:56Z |
{{Stub}} | 2020-05-31T15:22:29Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muesli_belt_malnutrition&diff=153431926&oldid=153428543 | In the [[United Kingdom]], the Muesli Belt includes [[Findhorn]]<sup>1</sup>,[[Devon]], the [[Glastonbury]] area, [[South West England|southwestern England]] in general, and most of [[rural]] [[Wales]]. | 2007-08-24T21:28:16Z | In the [[United Kingdom]], the Muesli Belt includes [[Findhorn]]<sup>1</sup>, [[Devon]], the [[Glastonbury]] area, [[South West England|southwestern England]] in general, and most of [[rural]] [[Wales]]. | 2007-08-24T21:46:18Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tongue_posture&diff=1128495981&oldid=1128493584 | '''Tongue posture''' is the resting position of tongue in the mouth. Improper tongue posture is when the person rests their tongue on the floor of mouth. In contrast, ideal tongue posture is when the person rests their tongue of the roof of mouth.<ref name="Chesheim-dental.com">{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Where’s Your Tongue Supposed to Rest in Your Mouth?|website=Chesheim-dental.com|publisher=|date=27 January 2020|url=https://www.chesheim-dental.com/wheres-your-tongue-supposed-to-rest-in-your-mouth/|access-date=20 December 2022}}</ref> | 2022-12-20T11:55:33Z | '''Tongue posture''' is the resting position of tongue in the mouth. Improper tongue posture is when the person rests their tongue on the floor of mouth. In contrast, ideal tongue posture is when the person rests their tongue on the roof of mouth.<ref name="Chesheim-dental.com">{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Where’s Your Tongue Supposed to Rest in Your Mouth?|website=Chesheim-dental.com|publisher=|date=27 January 2020|url=https://www.chesheim-dental.com/wheres-your-tongue-supposed-to-rest-in-your-mouth/|access-date=20 December 2022}}</ref> | 2022-12-20T12:18:46Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spin_(propaganda)&diff=175892288&oldid=174865601 | The American talk and radio show-host [[Bill O'Reilly (commentator)|Bill O'Reilly]] calls his show the [[The O'Reilly Factor|No Spin Zone]] to emphasize his dislike of the phenomenon, although the show has itself been accused of spin. | 2007-11-30T17:26:12Z | The American talk and radio show-host [[Bill O'Reilly (commentator)|Bill O'Reilly]] calls his show the [[The O'Reilly Factor|No Spin Zone]] to emphasize his dislike of the phenomenon, although the show itself has been accused of spin. | 2007-12-05T09:16:34Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transparency_report&diff=593524166&oldid=593524136 | A '''transparency report''' is regularly issued statement from a [[company]] disclosing a variety [[statistics]] regarding how often [[data]] or records in the company's possession are requested by a [[government]]. Transparency reports generally disclose how frequently and under what authority governments have requested data or records over a certain period of time. The disclosure of this information allows the public to discern how frequently governments request and gain access to private data through [[search warrant|search warrants]] and court [[subpoena|subpoenas]]. Several companies have lobbied the [[U.S. government]] to allow the number of received secret data requests or requests which include a [[gag order]], including [[National Security Letter|National Security Letters]], to be described within ranges in the report. Some transparency reports describe how often, as a result of government action or under [[copyright]] provisions, content was removed. Transparency reports are issued today by a variety of technology and communications companies, including [[Google]], [[Microsoft]], [[Verizon]], [[AT&T]], [[twitter]], and [[Apple]]. | 2014-02-02T02:30:59Z | A '''transparency report''' is a regularly issued statement from a [[company]] disclosing a variety [[statistics]] regarding how often [[data]] or records in the company's possession are requested by a [[government]]. Transparency reports generally disclose how frequently and under what authority governments have requested data or records over a certain period of time. The disclosure of this information allows the public to discern how frequently governments request and gain access to private data through [[search warrant|search warrants]] and court [[subpoena|subpoenas]]. Several companies have lobbied the [[U.S. government]] to allow the number of received secret data requests or requests which include a [[gag order]], including [[National Security Letter|National Security Letters]], to be described within ranges in the report. Some transparency reports describe how often, as a result of government action or under [[copyright]] provisions, content was removed. Transparency reports are issued today by a variety of technology and communications companies, including [[Google]], [[Microsoft]], [[Verizon]], [[AT&T]], [[twitter]], and [[Apple]]. | 2014-02-02T02:31:15Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martine-Anstett_Award&diff=914174336&oldid=914173853 | The award was created in June 2015 by journalist Frantz Vaillant in memory of Martine Anstett (1969-2015), a lawyer specialized in [[international law]] and who dedicated her life to Human Rights first at the United Nations (Geneva and New York), then for Amnesty International, before joining the International Organization of the Francophone (OIF). <ref>[http://www.prixmartineanstett.com/En-AssoPourquoi.html WHY AN ASSOCIATION FORTHE "PRIZE OF HUMAN RIGHTSMARTINE ANSTETT?"]</ref>
| 2019-09-05T16:40:38Z | The award was created in June 2015 by journalist Frantz Vaillant in memory of Martine Anstett (1969-2015), a lawyer specialized in [[international law]] and who dedicated her life to Human Rights first at the [[United Nations]] ([[Geneva]] and [[New York]]), then for Amnesty International, before joining the International Organization of the Francophone (OIF). <ref>[http://www.prixmartineanstett.com/En-AssoPourquoi.html WHY AN ASSOCIATION FORTHE "PRIZE OF HUMAN RIGHTSMARTINE ANSTETT?"]</ref> | 2019-09-05T16:43:31Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_language&diff=917338539&oldid=917313339 | India has no national languages however, there are 22 official languages in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/why-hindi-isnt-the-national-language-6733241.html|title=Why Hindi isn't the national language}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Hindi-not-a-national-language-Court/article16839525.ece|title=Hindi, not a national language: Court|date=2010-01-25|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-02-08|others=PTI|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Telugu]], [[Bengali]], [[Marathi]], [[Assamese]], [[Punjabi]], [[Gujarati]] are majorly spoken by the native people. Government has declared [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Telugu]], and [[Odiya]] as the [[Languages_of_India#Classical|Classical Languages]] of India. English and Hindi are used for official purposes, such as for parliamentary proceedings, judiciary, and communications between the Central Government and the various State Governments. [[South India]]n states do not understand or speak Hindi for this reason only English is used for official purposes in the South. The state governments use their own languages as well as English for the purpose of communication.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rajbhasha.nic.in/en/constitutional-provisions|title=CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS {{!}} Department of Official Language {{!}} Ministry of Home Affairs {{!}} GoI|website=rajbhasha.nic.in|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref> [[States and union territories of India|States of India]] are free to adopt one or more local [[Languages of India|languages]] for official purposes of that state. Additionally, 22 official languages are accorded official status as mentioned in the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India]]. All of these languages carry equal official status and Government documents can be written in any one of these languages. Hence India has 22 major official languages with Hindi having no national language status.<ref name="noofficial">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Theres-no-national-language-in-India-Gujarat-High-Court/articleshow/5496231.cms|title=There's no national language in India: Gujarat High Court|date=25 January 2010|work=[[The Times of India]]}} and [[English language|English and Hindi]] are used for official purposes by the [[Government of India|union government]] and in the [[Parliament of India|parliament]]</ref><ref name=IndiaConstitutionBody>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf|title=The Constitution of India|date=26 November 1949|publisher=National Portal }}</ref> | 2019-09-23T08:02:53Z | India has no national languages however, there are 22 official languages in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/why-hindi-isnt-the-national-language-6733241.html|title=Why Hindi isn't the national language}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Hindi-not-a-national-language-Court/article16839525.ece|title=Hindi, not a national language: Court|date=2010-01-25|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-02-08|others=PTI|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> [[Hindi]], [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Bengali]], [[Marathi]], [[Assamese]], [[Punjabi]], [[Gujarati]] are majorly spoken by the native people. Government has declared [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and [[Odiya]] as the [[Languages_of_India#Classical|Classical Languages]] of India. English and Hindi are used for official purposes, such as for parliamentary proceedings, judiciary, and communications between the Central Government and the various State Governments. [[South India]]n states do not understand or speak Hindi for this reason only English is used for official purposes in the South. The state governments use their own languages as well as English for the purpose of communication.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rajbhasha.nic.in/en/constitutional-provisions|title=CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS {{!}} Department of Official Language {{!}} Ministry of Home Affairs {{!}} GoI|website=rajbhasha.nic.in|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref> [[States and union territories of India|States of India]] are free to adopt one or more local [[Languages of India|languages]] for official purposes of that state. Additionally, 22 official languages are accorded official status as mentioned in the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India]]. All of these languages carry equal official status and Government documents can be written in any one of these languages. Hence India has 22 major official languages with Hindi having no national language status.<ref name="noofficial">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Theres-no-national-language-in-India-Gujarat-High-Court/articleshow/5496231.cms|title=There's no national language in India: Gujarat High Court|date=25 January 2010|work=[[The Times of India]]}} and [[English language|English and Hindi]] are used for official purposes by the [[Government of India|union government]] and in the [[Parliament of India|parliament]]</ref><ref name=IndiaConstitutionBody>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf|title=The Constitution of India|date=26 November 1949|publisher=National Portal }}</ref> | 2019-09-23T11:23:57Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_colour_revolutions&diff=1033616806&oldid=1033616579 | REDIRECT [[Colour revolution#List of colour revolutions]] | 2021-07-14T19:49:04Z | #REDIRECT [[Colour revolution#List of colour revolutions]] | 2021-07-14T19:50:58Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Index_of_gun_politics_articles&diff=650799460&oldid=650798335 | [[Category:Firearm laws]] | 2015-03-10T19:13:34Z | [[Category:Firearm laws| ]] | 2015-03-10T19:23:13Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_impeachments_of_heads_of_state&diff=811986775&oldid=811986615 | |-|[[Impeachment of Andrew Johnson|Andrew Johnson]]|| [[United States of America]] | 2017-11-25T06:21:58Z | |[[Impeachment of Andrew Johnson|Andrew Johnson]]|| [[United States of America]] | 2017-11-25T06:23:33Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_kingdoms_and_royal_dynasties&diff=530492973&oldid=530492481 | *[http://vk.com/| Monarchist forum] | 2012-12-30T19:37:52Z | *[http://vk.com/ Monarchist forum] | 2012-12-30T19:41:02Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_privatizations_by_country&diff=72555347&oldid=67396165 | * [[Commonwealth Bank of Australia]] | 2006-08-03T07:14:18Z | * [[Commonwealth Bank|Commonwealth Bank of Australia]] | 2006-08-29T06:06:46Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asia-Pacific_Network_for_Global_Change_Research&diff=572729734&oldid=572725791 | The history of APN dates back to the 1990 White House Conference on Science and Economics Research Related to Global Change, 17-18 April 1990, at which then US President George Bush invited countries of the world to join the United States in creating regional networks for North-South scientific cooperation at the intergovernmental level to deal with global environmental change research<ref>Bush, George. “George Bush: Remarks at the Opening Session of the White House Conference on Science and Economics Research Related to Global Change,” April 17 1990. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=18366.</ref>. Later in 1992, The President Bush and then Prime Minister of Japan Kiichi Miyazawa signed the 1992 US-Japan Global Partnership Agreement, which, among other things, reaffirmed and strengthened Japan-US commitment to global change research<ref>USDS and MFA. “1992 Tokyo Declaration on the Japan-U.S. Global Partnership and Its Action Plan,” January 9 1992. http://www.mac.doc.gov/japan-korea/market-opening/ta920109.htm.</ref>.
| 2013-09-13T07:06:00Z | The history of APN dates back to the 1990 White House Conference on Science and Economics Research Related to Global Change, 17-18 April 1990, at which then US President George Bush invited countries of the world to join the United States in creating regional networks for North-South scientific cooperation at the intergovernmental level to deal with global environmental change research<ref>Bush, George. “George Bush: Remarks at the Opening Session of the White House Conference on Science and Economics Research Related to Global Change,” April 17 1990. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=18366.</ref>. Later in 1992, President Bush and then Prime Minister of Japan Kiichi Miyazawa signed the 1992 US-Japan Global Partnership Agreement, which, among other things, reaffirmed and strengthened Japan-US commitment to global change research<ref>USDS and MFA. “1992 Tokyo Declaration on the Japan-U.S. Global Partnership and Its Action Plan,” January 9 1992. http://www.mac.doc.gov/japan-korea/market-opening/ta920109.htm.</ref>. | 2013-09-13T07:54:42Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open-access_mandate&diff=380145796&oldid=380145671 | An ['''[Open Access]] [[Self Archiving]] Mandate''' is a policy -- adopted by a research institution (e.g., a university), a research funder or a government -- that requires researchers (e.g., university faculty or research grant recipients) to make their published, [[peer-review]]ed journal and conference papers [[open access]] (freely accessible to all potential users online, OA) by depositing their final, peer-reviewed drafts in an [[institutional repository]] or a central repository. The [http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/ Registry of Open Access Repository Material Archiving Policies (ROARMAP)] indexes the world's institutional, funder and governmental OA mandates.<ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/accessdebate/21.html Harnad, S., Brody, T., Vallieres, F., Carr, L., Hitchcock, S., Gingras, Y, Oppenheim, C., Stamerjohanns, H., & Hilf, E. (2004) The Access/Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access. ''Nature Web Focus'' 21</ref> <ref>http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:hOxxobGenPEJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=2001 Pinfield, S. (2005) A mandate to self archive? The role of open access institutional repositories. ''Serials'' 18(1) 30-4</ref> | 2010-08-21T13:18:04Z | An '''[[Open Access]] [[Self Archiving]] Mandate''' is a policy -- adopted by a research institution (e.g., a university), a research funder or a government -- that requires researchers (e.g., university faculty or research grant recipients) to make their published, [[peer-review]]ed journal and conference papers [[open access]] (freely accessible to all potential users online, OA) by depositing their final, peer-reviewed drafts in an [[institutional repository]] or a central repository. The [http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/ Registry of Open Access Repository Material Archiving Policies (ROARMAP)] indexes the world's institutional, funder and governmental OA mandates.<ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/accessdebate/21.html Harnad, S., Brody, T., Vallieres, F., Carr, L., Hitchcock, S., Gingras, Y, Oppenheim, C., Stamerjohanns, H., & Hilf, E. (2004) The Access/Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access. ''Nature Web Focus'' 21</ref> <ref>http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:hOxxobGenPEJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=2001 Pinfield, S. (2005) A mandate to self archive? The role of open access institutional repositories. ''Serials'' 18(1) 30-4</ref> | 2010-08-21T13:19:17Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Policy_learning&diff=773001017&oldid=773000832 | In today’s globalized world policy learning through globalization has helped government organizations to become more competitive in policy learning and to confront new challenges that their may face (Seabrooke, 2012). Policy makers around the world who want to implement a policy in their jurisdiction now have access to policy knowledge at their finger tips through the internet, access to think tanks, international institutions such as United Nations, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank or any individual(s) who are experts in a particular field can be reach via different communication methods (Seabrooke, 2012; Common, 2004). | 2017-03-30T17:32:43Z | In today’s globalized world policy learning through [[globalization]] has helped government organizations to become more competitive in policy learning and to confront new challenges that their may face (Seabrooke, 2012). Policy makers around the world who want to implement a policy in their jurisdiction now have access to policy knowledge at their finger tips through the internet, access to think tanks, international institutions such as United Nations, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank or any individual(s) who are experts in a particular field can be reach via different communication methods (Seabrooke, 2012; Common, 2004). | 2017-03-30T17:34:01Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loukanikos&diff=435272334&oldid=435271871 | '''Loukanikos''' is a dog that has been present at nearly every protest in [[Greece]] in the past few years.<ref>[LibCom http://libcom.org/gallery/loukanikos-greek-anarchist-dog]</ref> The stray has become the symbol of the Greek protests against the [International Monetary Fund|IMF] and the EU that are taking place in [[2011]].<ref>[The Australian http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/activist-hounding-greek-cabinet/story-e6frg6so-1226078057707]</ref> His name means Sausuage in Greek. | 2011-06-20T13:37:54Z | '''Loukanikos''' is a dog that has been present at nearly every protest in [[Greece]] in the past few years.<ref>[LibCom http://libcom.org/gallery/loukanikos-greek-anarchist-dog]</ref> The stray has become the symbol of the Greek protests against the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] and the EU that are taking place in [[2011]].<ref>[The Australian http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/activist-hounding-greek-cabinet/story-e6frg6so-1226078057707]</ref> His name means Sausuage in Greek. | 2011-06-20T13:41:01Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Czech_and_Slovak_Transatlantic_Award&diff=516826228&oldid=516825862 | Within this initiative, the two organizations annually recognize personalities, who have substantially contributed to freedom and democracy in Central Europe, to strengthening of the transatlantic relations and integration of Central Europe to Euro-Atlantic Institutions. The Awards are presented two times a year – in Spring in Slovakia at Bratislava Global Security Forum GLOBSEC and in autumn at the NATO Days in Ostrava & Czech Air Force Days in Ostrava, Czech Republic. The awardees are Czech, Slovak and international diplomatic and military personalities. | 2012-10-09T14:44:22Z | Within this initiative, the two organizations annually recognize personalities, who have substantially contributed to freedom and democracy in Central Europe, to strengthening of the transatlantic relations and integration of Central Europe to Euro-Atlantic Institutions. The Awards are presented two times a year – in Spring in Slovakia at Bratislava Global Security Forum GLOBSEC and in autumn at the [[NATO Days in Ostrava|NATO Days in Ostrava & Czech Air Force Days]] in Ostrava, Czech Republic. The awardees are Czech, Slovak and international diplomatic and military personalities. | 2012-10-09T14:47:13Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Euromoney_Finance_Minister_of_the_Year&diff=173942548&oldid=173942199 | 1984 [[Paul Keating]] of [[Australia]][http://www.europeanspeakers.com/orateurs-keating.htm]
1985 [[Roger Douglas]] of [[New Zealand]][http://www.speakerlink.co.nz/sp_roger_douglas.htm]
1986
1987 [[Edouard Balladur]] of [[France]][http://www.groupcsa.com/csa/speaker.php?id=286]
1988
1989
1990 [[Philippe Maystadt]] of [[Belgium]][http://www.ceuropeens.org/invites/detail_invites.asp?arId=217]
1991
1992
1993 [[Manmohan Singh]] of [[India]][http://www.indianprimeminister.org/php/showContent.php?linkid=2]
1994
1995 [[Roberto de Ocampo]] of the [[Philippines]][http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BJT/is_9_7/ai_55143026]
1996 [[Robert Rubin]] of the [[United States of America]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=4772&ArticleID=1006277]
1997 [[Anatoly Chubais]] of [[Russia]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=222&ArticleID=1005909&IssueID=50119]
1998 [[Leszek Balcerowicz]] of [[Poland]][http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/154716/domestic2003/balcerowicz.html]
1999 [[José Angel Gurría]] of [[Mexico]] [http://euromoney.com/article.asp?ArticleID=1005149&PositionID=search]
2000 [[Brigita Schmögnerovà]] of [[Slovakia]][http://new.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=16&ArticleID=1008212]
2001 [[Shaukat Aziz]] of [[Pakistan]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=1049&ArticleID=1003459&IssueID=50055]
2002 [[Milen Veltchev]] of [[Bulgaria]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=806&ArticleID=1002952&IssueID=50043]
2003 [[Ibrahim bin Abdulaziz Al-Assaf]] of [[Saudi Arabia]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=288&ArticleID=1002201&p=1]
2004 [[Ivan Miklos]] of [[Slovakia]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=454&ArticleID=1001456&IssueID=50019]
2005 [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] of [[Nigeria]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=76&ArticleID=1000445&IssueID=50007]
2006 [[Sri Mulyani Indrawati]] of [[Indonesia]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=1287&ArticleID=1079138]
2007 [[Mladjan Dinkic]] of [[Serbia]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=16&ArticleID=1424634&page=40] | 2007-11-26T19:12:00Z | *1984 [[Paul Keating]] of [[Australia]][http://www.europeanspeakers.com/orateurs-keating.htm]
*1985 [[Roger Douglas]] of [[New Zealand]][http://www.speakerlink.co.nz/sp_roger_douglas.htm]
*1986
*1987 [[Edouard Balladur]] of [[France]][http://www.groupcsa.com/csa/speaker.php?id=286]
*1988
*1989
*1990 [[Philippe Maystadt]] of [[Belgium]][http://www.ceuropeens.org/invites/detail_invites.asp?arId=217]
*1991
*1992
*1993 [[Manmohan Singh]] of [[India]][http://www.indianprimeminister.org/php/showContent.php?linkid=2]
*1994
*1995 [[Roberto de Ocampo]] of the [[Philippines]][http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BJT/is_9_7/ai_55143026]
*1996 [[Robert Rubin]] of the [[United States of America]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=4772&ArticleID=1006277]
*1997 [[Anatoly Chubais]] of [[Russia]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=222&ArticleID=1005909&IssueID=50119]
*1998 [[Leszek Balcerowicz]] of [[Poland]][http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/154716/domestic2003/balcerowicz.html]
*1999 [[José Angel Gurría]] of [[Mexico]] [http://euromoney.com/article.asp?ArticleID=1005149&PositionID=search]
*2000 [[Brigita Schmögnerovà]] of [[Slovakia]][http://new.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=16&ArticleID=1008212]
*2001 [[Shaukat Aziz]] of [[Pakistan]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=1049&ArticleID=1003459&IssueID=50055]
*2002 [[Milen Veltchev]] of [[Bulgaria]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=806&ArticleID=1002952&IssueID=50043]
*2003 [[Ibrahim bin Abdulaziz Al-Assaf]] of [[Saudi Arabia]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=288&ArticleID=1002201&p=1]
*2004 [[Ivan Miklos]] of [[Slovakia]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=454&ArticleID=1001456&IssueID=50019]
*2005 [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] of [[Nigeria]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=76&ArticleID=1000445&IssueID=50007]
*2006 [[Sri Mulyani Indrawati]] of [[Indonesia]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=1287&ArticleID=1079138]
*2007 [[Mladjan Dinkic]] of [[Serbia]][http://www.euromoney.com/article.asp?PositionID=16&ArticleID=1424634&page=40] | 2007-11-26T19:13:05Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jabotinsky_Medal&diff=88830138&oldid=88830057 | The '''Jabotinsky Medal''' is an award given by the [[State]] of Israel for outstanding achievements. | 2006-11-19T17:00:44Z | The '''Jabotinsky Medal''' is an award given by the [[State]] of [[Israel]] for outstanding achievements. | 2006-11-19T17:01:14Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rowman_&_Littlefield_Award_in_Innovative_Teaching&diff=238408848&oldid=225238252 | According to the Association, the Award recognizes developers of "effective new approaches to teaching" among political scientists. Its intent is to honor a wide range of new directions, rather than one in particular. The annual winner is chosen from among a pool of nominees whose innovations had moved political science [[pedagogy]] forward.<ref name=APSA-VanVechten /> | 2008-07-12T17:02:04Z | According to the Association, the Award recognizes developers of "effective new approaches to teaching" among political scientists. Its intent is to honor a wide range of new directions, rather than one in particular. The annual winner is chosen from among a pool of nominees whose innovations had moved [[political science]] [[pedagogy]] forward.<ref name=APSA-VanVechten /> | 2008-09-14T18:39:23Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stonewall_Awards&diff=246902633&oldid=246902587 | [[Stonewall UK|Stonewall]] have nominated [[Julie Bindel]] for the 2008 Journalist of the Year award. This nomination is controversial due to her view on [[transsexuality]]. | 2008-10-22T07:39:16Z | [[Stonewall (UK)|Stonewall]] have nominated [[Julie Bindel]] for the 2008 Journalist of the Year award. This nomination is controversial due to her view on [[transsexuality]]. | 2008-10-22T07:39:50Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pantsuit&diff=29155968&oldid=29155946 | A '''pantsuit''' is a woman's [[suit (clothes)|suit]] of [[clothing ]]consisting of [[trousers]] and a matching or coordinating [[coat (clothing)|coat or jacket]]. | 2005-11-24T20:00:22Z | A '''pantsuit''' is a woman's [[suit (clothes)|suit]] of [[clothing]]consisting of [[trousers]] and a matching or coordinating [[coat (clothing)|coat or jacket]]. | 2005-11-24T20:00:56Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quebec_Charter_of_Values&diff=573340178&oldid=573339599 | The reaction to this bill has been divisive with most of the major Federal political parties denouncing this proposal. For instance, [[Justin Trudeau]] of the [[Liberal Party of Canada]] described this measure as a cynical [[wedge issue]] designed to foment conflict with the [[Federal Government of Canada]] to promote [[Quebec separatism]] when it is challenged in the courts as [[unconstitutional]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Charter of Quebec values would ban religious symbols for public workers|newspaper=CBC News}}</ref> while [[Thomas Mulcair]] of the [[New Democratic Party of Canada]] declared it unacceptable.<ref>{{cite news|title=NDP’s Mulcair denounces Quebec charter|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/831100/ndps-mulcair-denounces-quebec-charter/|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=The Canadian Press|date=10 September 2013}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Stephen Harper]] noted that the bill will likely not become law, but will take whatever action necessary in the event that it does.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mas|first=Susana|title=Quebec's charter of values will fail, PM Harper predicts|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/quebec-s-charter-of-values-will-fail-pm-harper-predicts-1.1856227|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=CBC News|date=Sep 16, 2013}}</ref> By contrast, [[Member of Parliament]] [[Maria Mourani]] was expelled from the [[Bloc Québécois]] for complaining that the proposed Charter is an act of political [[opportunism]] over [[human rights]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Mas|first=Susana|title=Maria Mourani, expelled Bloc MP, quits the party|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/maria-mourani-expelled-bloc-mp-quits-the-party-1.1828707|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=CBC News|date=Sep 13, 2013}}</ref> In Quebec itself, the [[Quebec Liberal Party]], enjoying an increase in support since the announcement of this Charter, has declared that it will oppose the passing of this bill to the point of triggering an election over the issue.<ref>{{cite news|last=Edmiston|first=Jake|title=Quebec Liberals jump to 7% lead over PQ as backlash grows over values charter|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/09/15/quebec-liberals-jump-to-7-lead-over-pq-as-backlash-grows-over-quebec-values-charter/|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=National Post|date=15 September 2013}}</ref> | 2013-09-17T15:31:04Z | The reaction to this bill has been divisive with most of the major Federal political parties denouncing this proposal. For instance, [[Justin Trudeau]] of the [[Liberal Party of Canada]] described this measure as a cynical [[wedge issue]] designed to foment conflict with the [[Federal Government of Canada]] to promote [[Quebec separatism]] when it is challenged in the courts as [[unconstitutional]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Charter of Quebec values would ban religious symbols for public workers|newspaper=CBC News}}</ref> while [[Thomas Mulcair]] of the [[New Democratic Party of Canada]] declared it unacceptable.<ref>{{cite news|title=NDP’s Mulcair denounces Quebec charter|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/831100/ndps-mulcair-denounces-quebec-charter/|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=The Canadian Press|date=10 September 2013}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Stephen Harper]] noted that the bill will likely not become law, but will take whatever action necessary in the event that it does.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mas|first=Susana|title=Quebec's charter of values will fail, PM Harper predicts|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/quebec-s-charter-of-values-will-fail-pm-harper-predicts-1.1856227|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=CBC News|date=Sep 16, 2013}}</ref> By contrast, [[Member of Parliament]] [[Maria Mourani]] was expelled from the [[Bloc Québécois]] for complaining that the proposed Charter is an act of political [[opportunism]] over [[human rights]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Mas|first=Susana|title=Maria Mourani, expelled Bloc MP, quits the party|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/maria-mourani-expelled-bloc-mp-quits-the-party-1.1828707|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=CBC News|date=Sep 13, 2013}}</ref>
In Quebec itself, the [[Quebec Liberal Party]], enjoying an increase in support since the announcement of this Charter, has declared that it will oppose the passing of this bill to the point of triggering an election over the issue.<ref>{{cite news|last=Edmiston|first=Jake|title=Quebec Liberals jump to 7% lead over PQ as backlash grows over values charter|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/09/15/quebec-liberals-jump-to-7-lead-over-pq-as-backlash-grows-over-quebec-values-charter/|accessdate=17 September 2013|newspaper=National Post|date=15 September 2013}}</ref> | 2013-09-17T15:34:49Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flyer_(pamphlet)&diff=1810770&oldid=1810761 | A '''flyer''' is a leaflet advertising a [[nightclub]] or [[event]], handed out on the [[street]] or at other related events. | 2003-11-25T03:54:16Z | A '''flyer''' is a leaflet [[advertising]] a [[nightclub]] or [[event]], handed out on the [[street]] or at other related events. | 2003-11-25T03:55:33Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Four_Minute_Men&diff=86377450&oldid=86377229 |
To become part of this national service, high credentials were necessary. Every state had a chairman that chose a local chairman for each town. To become the local chairman a man must have had three endorsements from prominent citizens of his hometown. They were to be professional men with good public speaking skills. Their goal was to stir the audience’s patriotism while they discouraged pro-German opinion. | 2006-11-07T23:17:56Z | To become part of this national service, high credentials were necessary. Every state had a chairman that chose a local chairman for each town. To become the local chairman a man must have had three endorsements from prominent citizens of his hometown. They were to be professional men with good public speaking skills. Their goal was to stir the audience’s patriotism while they discouraged pro-German opinion. | 2006-11-07T23:19:04Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politico-media_complex&diff=329371376&oldid=329371173 | The internet sets up an area where people can voice their opinions and discuss political issues in an anonymous way. Some discussion forums are groups or organizations set up for a specific purpose about one issue or person in politics.<ref name=name>{{cite book |title=Blogging, Citizenship, and the future of media |last=Tremayne |first=Mark |year=2007 |publisher=Taylor and Francis Group, LLC |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-415-97940-4 |page=266 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=a6zPnOn9i9oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Blogging,+Citizenship,+and+the+future+of+media#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}</ref>
Some problems with discussion forums are the lack of personal contact, so there are people who do not take responsibility for posts. Many times online discussions lead to name calling and rude comments. Another issue of online discussion forums is the lack of an opposite view since many websites attract like minded individuals.<ref name=name>{{cite book |title=Blogging, Citizenship, and the future of media |last=Tremayne |first=Mark |year=2007 |publisher=Taylor and Francis Group, LLC |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-415-97940-4 |page=266 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=a6zPnOn9i9oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Blogging,+Citizenship,+and+the+future+of+media#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}</ref> | 2009-12-03T02:32:56Z | The internet sets up an area where people can voice their opinions and discuss political issues in an anonymous way. Some discussion forums are groups or organizations set up for a specific purpose about one issue or person in politics.<ref name=name> {{cite book |title=Blogging, Citizenship, and the future of media |last=Tremayne |first=Mark |year=2007 |publisher=Taylor and Francis Group, LLC |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-415-97940-4 |page=266 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=a6zPnOn9i9oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Blogging,+Citizenship,+and+the+future+of+media#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}</ref>
Some problems with discussion forums are the lack of personal contact, so there are people who do not take responsibility for posts. Many times online discussions lead to name calling and rude comments. Another issue of online discussion forums is the lack of an opposite view since many websites attract like minded individuals.<ref name=name> {{cite book |title=Blogging, Citizenship, and the future of media |last=Tremayne |first=Mark |year=2007 |publisher=Taylor and Francis Group, LLC |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-415-97940-4 |page=266 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=a6zPnOn9i9oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Blogging,+Citizenship,+and+the+future+of+media#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}</ref> | 2009-12-03T02:34:16Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Structural_functionalism&diff=408059827&oldid=408059742 | [[Kingsley Davis]] and [[Wilbert E. Moore]] (1945) gave an argument for social stratification based on the idea of "functional necessity" (also known as the [[Davis-Moore hypothesis]]). They argue that the most difficult jobs in any society have the highest incomes in order to motivate individuals to fill the roles needed by the division of labour. Thus inequality serves social stability.<ref>Davis, Kingsley and Wilbert E. Moore. (1970 [1945]) "Some Principles of Stratification." ''American Sociological Review,'' 10 (2), 242-9.</ref> | 2011-01-15T18:42:17Z | [[Kingsley Davis]] and [[Wilbert E. Moore]] (1945) gave an argument for social stratification based on the idea of "functional necessity" (also known as [[the Davis-Moore hypothesis]]). They argue that the most difficult jobs in any society have the highest incomes in order to motivate individuals to fill the roles needed by the division of labour. Thus inequality serves social stability.<ref>Davis, Kingsley and Wilbert E. Moore. (1970 [1945]) "Some Principles of Stratification." ''American Sociological Review,'' 10 (2), 242-9.</ref> | 2011-01-15T18:42:51Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=11th_Panchen_Lama_controversy&diff=43094710&oldid=41839886 | *[[Gedhun Choekyi Nyima]], according to the [[Government of Tibet in Exile]]
*[[Erdini Qoigyijabu]], according to the [[People's Republic of China]] | 2006-03-02T02:05:57Z | *[[Gedhun Choekyi Nyima]], according to the Government of Tibet in Exile
*[[Erdini Qoigyijabu]], according to the People's Republic of China | 2006-03-10T06:08:51Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Turkestan_independence_movement&diff=813363741&oldid=811228253 | During the [[Battle of Kunduz]] in Afghanistan, foreign Islamist militants like Uyghurs, Chechens, Rohingya, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, and Uzbeks joined the Taliban in the attack.<ref>{{cite news |title=Who is fighting in northern Afghanistan? |publisher=Deutsche Welle |date=7 October 2015 |url=http://www.dw.com/en/who-is-fighting-in-northern-afghanistan/a-18765739}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Dawood |last=Azami |title=Taliban triumph in capture of Kunduz |work=BBC News |date=1 October 2015 |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34406648}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Frud |last1=Bezhan |first2=Ajmal |last2=Aryan |title=Foreign Voices Ring Out In Afghan Spring Offensive |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=4 May 2015 |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/afghanistan-kunduz-taliban-offensive-foreign-fighters/26993864.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Joseph |last=Goldstein |title=A Taliban Prize, Won in a Few Hours After Years of Strategy |date=30 September 2015 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/01/world/a-taliban-prize-won-in-a-few-hours-after-years-of-strategy.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Amanda |last=Hodge |title=Afghan, US force back Taliban in Kunduz |work=The Australian |date=2 October 2015 |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/afghan-us-force-back-taliban-in-kunduz/story-e6frg6so-1227552951441}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tvnewsroom.org/newslines/world/taliban-say-pulling-back-from-centre-of-kunduz-but-can-return-162795/ |title=Taliban say pulling back from centre of Kunduz but can return |work=TVNewsroom.org |date=15 October 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016142024/http://tvnewsroom.org/newslines/world/taliban-say-pulling-back-from-centre-of-kunduz-but-can-return-162795/ |archivedate=16 October 2015}}</ref>{{citekill|date=March 2017}} The Pakistani Army's [[Operation Zarb e Azb]] appears to have driven these foreign militants from Pakistan's northwestern area of Waziristan into Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |first=Anchal |last=Vohra |url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/behind-the-capture-of-kunduz-heres-why-pakistan-was-behind-talibans-victory-2466780.html |title=Is Kunduz the victory ISI wanted for puppet Taliban chief Mullah Mansoor? |date=13 October 2015 |work=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Khyber |last=Sarban |url=http://www.asianage.com/columnists/kunduz-warning-shot-across-afghan-bows-465 |title=Kunduz: Warning shot across Afghan bows |date=6 October 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117231617/http://www.asianage.com/columnists/kunduz-warning-shot-across-afghan-bows-465 |archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref> Non-Afghan militants like Arabs, Tajiks, Chechens, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Pakistanis make up 40% of anti-government fighters in Afghanistan according to Dawlat Waziri, a member of the Defense Ministry of Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |first=Zabihullah |last=Moosakhail |url=http://www.khaama.com/ministry-of-defense-four-out-of-every-ten-militants-are-foreigners-in-afghanistan-3656 |title=Ministry of Defense: Four out of every ten militants are foreigners in Afghanistan |date=20 July 2015 |work=Khamma Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=John C. K. |last=Daly |title=Death of Mullah Omar Unnerves Central Asia |work=Silk Road Reporters |date=3 August 2015 |url=http://www.silkroadreporters.com/2015/08/03/death-of-mullah-omar-unnerves-central-asia/ |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022161303/http://www.silkroadreporters.com/2015/08/03/death-of-mullah-omar-unnerves-central-asia/ |archivedate=22 October 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ministry of Defense: Four out of every ten militants are foreigners in Afghanistan |work=EMM News Explorer |date=20 July 2015 |url=http://emm.newsexplorer.eu/NewsExplorer/clusteredition/en/20150720,TheFrontierPost-en-c77c9f1eb2e3b3ff541220d957223ca4.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=40% of insurgents in Afghanistan is foreigners |work=RahaPress |date=20 July 2015 |url=http://www.en.rahapress.af/forty-percent-of-insurgents-fighting-in-afghanistan-is-foreigners/}}</ref> These militants cause a surge in fighting in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |first=Shakeela |last=Ibrahimkhail |title=Influx of Foreign Militants Blamed for Uptick in Violence |work=Tolo News |date=28 April 2015 |url=http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/19280-influx-of-foreign-militants-blamed-for-uptick-in-violence |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022162759/http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/19280-influx-of-foreign-militants-blamed-for-uptick-in-violence |archivedate=22 October 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Uyghurs, Chechens, and Uzbeks made up the majority of casualties in clashes against Afghan National Security Forces.<ref>{{cite web |first=Sayed Tariq |last=Majidi |title=MPs Question ANSF Effectiveness Amid Growing Threats |work=Afghanistan News 24H |date=25 May 2015 |url=http://afghanistan24h.appspot.com/mps-question-ansf-effectiveness-amid-growing-threats.html}}</ref>
Camps training children for Jihad are being run by the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria.<ref>{{cite news |last=Weiss |first=Caleb |title=Saudi al Qaeda cleric showcases training camp for children in Syria |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/09/saudi-al-qaeda-cleric-showcases-training-camp-for-children-in-syria.php |work=Long War Journal |date=4 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/tip-division-in-syria-releases-photos-of-fighters-camp-for-children.html |title=TIP Division in Syria Releases Photos of Fighters, Camp for Children |work=Jihadist Threat |publisher=SITE Intelligence Group |date=30 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/tip-division-in-syria-releases-video-photo-album-featuring-young-boys-in-training-camp.html |title=TIP Division in Syria Releases Video Photo Album Featuring Young Boys in Training Camp |work=Jihadist Threat |publisher=SITE Intelligence Group |date=8 July 2015}}</ref> Photos of the child military training camps in Syria were released by the Turkistan Islamic Party, who labelled the children as "little mujahideen".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thelineofsteel.weebly.com/news/turkistan-islamic-party-in-syria-shows-little-mujahideen-in-new-video |title=Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria Shows "Little Mujahideen" in New Video |work=The Line of Steel |date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=weissenberg7 |number=617329727007793152 |author=Caleb Weiss |title=Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria with what it calls "little mujahideen." TIP known to operate training camps for kids |date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=weissenberg7 |number=617527120256966656 |author=Caleb Weiss |title=Another one |date=4 July 2015}}</ref> Uyghur child soldiers being instructed in Sharia and training with guns were depicted in a video released by TIP.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roggio |first1=Bill |last2=Weiss |first2=Caleb |title=Uighur jihadist group in Syria advertises 'little jihadists' |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/09/uighur-jihadist-group-in-syria-advertises-little-jihadists.php |work=Long War Journal |date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://archive.org/details/NadirSuret9 |title=Nadir Suret 9 |work=Internet Archive |date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=Terror_Monitor |author=Terrormonitor.org |number=647275032608051200 |title=Turkistan Islamic Party Release Photos Of Their 'CUBS' Training Camp In Jisr al-Shughur, #Idlib. |date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://twitter.com/Dogu_Turkistan_/status/646752142590636032 |title=Account Suspended}}{{dead link|date=June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=iAssil |number=647431477081317376 |author=Ibrahim al-Assil |title=Turkistan Islamic Party (TIP) releases video of "cubs" training camp in #Syria. |date=25 September 2015}}</ref>{{citekill|date=March 2017}}
The United States has been accused of deliberately turning a blind eye to Al-Qaeda allied Uyghur members of ETIM in Afghanistan by not initiating legal precedings against or bringing to trial any Uyghur detainees held in Guantanamo with terrorism and seeking to free them.<ref>{{cite web |first=Paul |last=LeBlanc |title=Chinese Muslim Radicals: Exploring the Historical Origins and Developments of the East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM) |publisher=Academia.edu |date=2010 |url=http://www.academia.edu/2373455/Chinese_Muslim_Radicals_Exploring_the_Historical_Origins_and_Developments_of_the_East_Turkistan_Islamic_Movement_ETIM_}}</ref> | 2017-11-20T08:34:29Z | During the [[Battle of Kunduz]] in Afghanistan, foreign Islamist militants like Uyghurs, Chechens, Rohingya, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, and Uzbeks joined the Taliban in the attack.<ref>{{cite news |title=Who is fighting in northern Afghanistan? |publisher=Deutsche Welle |date=7 October 2015 |url=http://www.dw.com/en/who-is-fighting-in-northern-afghanistan/a-18765739}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Dawood |last=Azami |title=Taliban triumph in capture of Kunduz |work=BBC News |date=1 October 2015 |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34406648}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Frud |last1=Bezhan |first2=Ajmal |last2=Aryan |title=Foreign Voices Ring Out In Afghan Spring Offensive |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=4 May 2015 |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/afghanistan-kunduz-taliban-offensive-foreign-fighters/26993864.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Joseph |last=Goldstein |title=A Taliban Prize, Won in a Few Hours After Years of Strategy |date=30 September 2015 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/01/world/a-taliban-prize-won-in-a-few-hours-after-years-of-strategy.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Amanda |last=Hodge |title=Afghan, US force back Taliban in Kunduz |work=The Australian |date=2 October 2015 |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/afghan-us-force-back-taliban-in-kunduz/story-e6frg6so-1227552951441}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tvnewsroom.org/newslines/world/taliban-say-pulling-back-from-centre-of-kunduz-but-can-return-162795/ |title=Taliban say pulling back from centre of Kunduz but can return |work=TVNewsroom.org |date=15 October 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016142024/http://tvnewsroom.org/newslines/world/taliban-say-pulling-back-from-centre-of-kunduz-but-can-return-162795/ |archivedate=16 October 2015}}</ref>{{citekill|date=March 2017}} The Pakistani Army's [[Operation Zarb e Azb]] appears to have driven these foreign militants from Pakistan's northwestern area of Waziristan into Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |first=Anchal |last=Vohra |url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/behind-the-capture-of-kunduz-heres-why-pakistan-was-behind-talibans-victory-2466780.html |title=Is Kunduz the victory ISI wanted for puppet Taliban chief Mullah Mansoor? |date=13 October 2015 |work=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Khyber |last=Sarban |url=http://www.asianage.com/columnists/kunduz-warning-shot-across-afghan-bows-465 |title=Kunduz: Warning shot across Afghan bows |date=6 October 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117231617/http://www.asianage.com/columnists/kunduz-warning-shot-across-afghan-bows-465 |archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref> Non-Afghan militants like Arabs, Tajiks, Chechens, Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and Pakistanis make up 40% of anti-government fighters in Afghanistan according to Dawlat Waziri, a member of the Defense Ministry of Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |first=Zabihullah |last=Moosakhail |url=http://www.khaama.com/ministry-of-defense-four-out-of-every-ten-militants-are-foreigners-in-afghanistan-3656 |title=Ministry of Defense: Four out of every ten militants are foreigners in Afghanistan |date=20 July 2015 |work=Khamma Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=John C. K. |last=Daly |title=Death of Mullah Omar Unnerves Central Asia |work=Silk Road Reporters |date=3 August 2015 |url=http://www.silkroadreporters.com/2015/08/03/death-of-mullah-omar-unnerves-central-asia/ |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022161303/http://www.silkroadreporters.com/2015/08/03/death-of-mullah-omar-unnerves-central-asia/ |archivedate=22 October 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ministry of Defense: Four out of every ten militants are foreigners in Afghanistan |work=EMM News Explorer |date=20 July 2015 |url=http://emm.newsexplorer.eu/NewsExplorer/clusteredition/en/20150720,TheFrontierPost-en-c77c9f1eb2e3b3ff541220d957223ca4.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=40% of insurgents in Afghanistan is foreigners |work=RahaPress |date=20 July 2015 |url=http://www.en.rahapress.af/forty-percent-of-insurgents-fighting-in-afghanistan-is-foreigners/}}</ref> These militants cause a surge in fighting in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |first=Shakeela |last=Ibrahimkhail |title=Influx of Foreign Militants Blamed for Uptick in Violence |work=Tolo News |date=28 April 2015 |url=http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/19280-influx-of-foreign-militants-blamed-for-uptick-in-violence |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022162759/http://www.tolonews.com/en/afghanistan/19280-influx-of-foreign-militants-blamed-for-uptick-in-violence |archivedate=22 October 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Uyghurs, Chechens, and Uzbeks made up the majority of casualties in clashes against Afghan National Security Forces.<ref>{{cite web |first=Sayed Tariq |last=Majidi |title=MPs Question ANSF Effectiveness Amid Growing Threats |work=Afghanistan News 24H |date=25 May 2015 |url=https://afghanistan24h.appspot.com/mps-question-ansf-effectiveness-amid-growing-threats.html}}</ref>
Camps training children for Jihad are being run by the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria.<ref>{{cite news |last=Weiss |first=Caleb |title=Saudi al Qaeda cleric showcases training camp for children in Syria |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/09/saudi-al-qaeda-cleric-showcases-training-camp-for-children-in-syria.php |work=Long War Journal |date=4 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/tip-division-in-syria-releases-photos-of-fighters-camp-for-children.html |title=TIP Division in Syria Releases Photos of Fighters, Camp for Children |work=Jihadist Threat |publisher=SITE Intelligence Group |date=30 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-News/tip-division-in-syria-releases-video-photo-album-featuring-young-boys-in-training-camp.html |title=TIP Division in Syria Releases Video Photo Album Featuring Young Boys in Training Camp |work=Jihadist Threat |publisher=SITE Intelligence Group |date=8 July 2015}}</ref> Photos of the child military training camps in Syria were released by the Turkistan Islamic Party, who labelled the children as "little mujahideen".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thelineofsteel.weebly.com/news/turkistan-islamic-party-in-syria-shows-little-mujahideen-in-new-video |title=Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria Shows "Little Mujahideen" in New Video |work=The Line of Steel |date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=weissenberg7 |number=617329727007793152 |author=Caleb Weiss |title=Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria with what it calls "little mujahideen." TIP known to operate training camps for kids |date=4 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=weissenberg7 |number=617527120256966656 |author=Caleb Weiss |title=Another one |date=4 July 2015}}</ref> Uyghur child soldiers being instructed in Sharia and training with guns were depicted in a video released by TIP.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roggio |first1=Bill |last2=Weiss |first2=Caleb |title=Uighur jihadist group in Syria advertises 'little jihadists' |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/09/uighur-jihadist-group-in-syria-advertises-little-jihadists.php |work=Long War Journal |date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://archive.org/details/NadirSuret9 |title=Nadir Suret 9 |work=Internet Archive |date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=Terror_Monitor |author=Terrormonitor.org |number=647275032608051200 |title=Turkistan Islamic Party Release Photos Of Their 'CUBS' Training Camp In Jisr al-Shughur, #Idlib. |date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/Dogu_Turkistan_/status/646752142590636032 |title=Account Suspended}}{{dead link|date=June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=iAssil |number=647431477081317376 |author=Ibrahim al-Assil |title=Turkistan Islamic Party (TIP) releases video of "cubs" training camp in #Syria. |date=25 September 2015}}</ref>{{citekill|date=March 2017}}
The United States has been accused of deliberately turning a blind eye to Al-Qaeda allied Uyghur members of ETIM in Afghanistan by not initiating legal precedings against or bringing to trial any Uyghur detainees held in Guantanamo with terrorism and seeking to free them.<ref>{{cite web |first=Paul |last=LeBlanc |title=Chinese Muslim Radicals: Exploring the Historical Origins and Developments of the East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM) |publisher=Academia.edu |date=2010 |url=https://www.academia.edu/2373455/Chinese_Muslim_Radicals_Exploring_the_Historical_Origins_and_Developments_of_the_East_Turkistan_Islamic_Movement_ETIM_}}</ref> | 2017-12-03T08:11:38Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iraq_Inquiry&diff=346289864&oldid=344292888 | </ref> is an ongoing [[united kingdom|British]] [[public inquiry]] into the United Kingdom's role in the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]]. The inquiry was announced on 15 June, 2009 by [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Gordon Brown]], with an initial announcement that proceedings would take place in private, a decision which was subsequently reversed after receiving criticism in the media and the [[House of Commons]].<ref name=BBC1>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8100432.stm Iraq war inquiry to be in private]. [[BBC News Online]]. 15 June 2009</ref><ref name=AlJ1>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/europe/2009/06/200961514301331360.html UK PM announces Iraq war inquiry]. [[Al Jazeera]]. 15 June 2009</ref><ref name=Guardian3>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/jun/22/iraq-war-inquiry |title=Public Iraq war inquiry 'essential', says chairman | Politics | guardian.co.uk |publisher=Guardian |date= |accessdate=2009-11-24}}</ref>
| 2010-02-15T22:46:50Z | </ref> is an ongoing [[united kingdom|British]] [[public inquiry]] into the United Kingdom's role in the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]]. The inquiry was announced on 15 June, 2009 by [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Gordon Brown]], with an initial announcement that proceedings would take place in private, a decision which was subsequently reversed after receiving criticism in the media and the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]].<ref name=BBC1>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8100432.stm Iraq war inquiry to be in private]. [[BBC News Online]]. 15 June 2009</ref><ref name=AlJ1>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/europe/2009/06/200961514301331360.html UK PM announces Iraq war inquiry]. [[Al Jazeera]]. 15 June 2009</ref><ref name=Guardian3>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/jun/22/iraq-war-inquiry |title=Public Iraq war inquiry 'essential', says chairman | Politics | guardian.co.uk |publisher=Guardian |date= |accessdate=2009-11-24}}</ref> | 2010-02-25T13:37:51Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cultural_dissonance&diff=127003282&oldid=127003070 | * [http://www3.sympatico.ca/shoreline/reviews/prac_imp.htm Shorline Blurb. Return to books] (book review) From The Caribbean Journal of Social Work. Vol 2/July 2003, pp 148-152. ISSN 07991215 @ Association of Caribbean Social Work Educators
* A. J. Verdelle; Karen Sutton; David Blight; Alex Bontemps; Shane White and Graham White. [http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/cp/vol-01/no-04/slavery/white.shtml Representing Slavery: A Roundtable Discussion.] History Cooperative. Common Place. vol. 1 · no. 4 · July 2001 | 2007-04-30T01:16:21Z | * *[http://www3.sympatico.ca/shoreline/reviews/prac_imp.htm Shorline Blurb. Return to books] (book review) From The Caribbean Journal of Social Work. Vol 2/July 2003, pp 148-152. ISSN 07991215 @ Association of Caribbean Social Work Educators
** A. J. Verdelle; Karen Sutton; David Blight; Alex Bontemps; Shane White and Graham White. [http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/cp/vol-01/no-04/slavery/white.shtml Representing Slavery: A Roundtable Discussion.] History Cooperative. Common Place. vol. 1 · no. 4 · July 2001 | 2007-04-30T01:17:11Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Standards_for_United_States_History&diff=1001858273&oldid=1001858227 | '''National Standards for United States History''' was a controversial 1994 publication by the [[University of Southern California]],.<ref name="Bahmueller_1996">{{cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43198794?seq=1 |last=Bahmueller |first=Charles F. |title=The Struggle Over America's National History Standards." |journal=A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform |volume= 3|number= 1 date=1996 |pages=99-104|access-date=January 21, 2021}}</ref> that resulted in a robust debate that is sometimes referred to a the culture wars<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Vintage Books| isbn = 978-0-679-76750-3| last1 = Nash| first1 = Gary B.| last2 = Crabtree| first2 = Charlotte Antoinette| last3 = Dunn| first3 = Ross E.| title = History on Trial: Culture Wars and the Teaching of the Past| date = 2000}}</ref> | 2021-01-21T18:33:27Z | '''National Standards for United States History''' was a controversial 1994 publication by the [[University of Southern California]],.<ref name="Bahmueller_1996">{{cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43198794?seq=1 |last=Bahmueller |first=Charles F. |title=The Struggle Over America's National History Standards." |journal=A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform |volume= 3|number= 1 |date=1996 |pages=99-104|access-date=January 21, 2021}}</ref> that resulted in a robust debate that is sometimes referred to a the culture wars<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Vintage Books| isbn = 978-0-679-76750-3| last1 = Nash| first1 = Gary B.| last2 = Crabtree| first2 = Charlotte Antoinette| last3 = Dunn| first3 = Ross E.| title = History on Trial: Culture Wars and the Teaching of the Past| date = 2000}}</ref> | 2021-01-21T18:33:47Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_war&diff=777278806&oldid=773409357 | The '''culture war''' or '''culture conflict''' refers — in the United States — to conflict between [[Traditionalist conservatism|traditionalist]] or [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] values and [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive]] or [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] values. Beginning in the 1990s, culture wars have influenced the debate over public school history and science curricula in the United States, along with many other issues. | 2017-04-02T06:19:59Z | The '''culture war''' or '''culture conflict''' refers — in the United States — to the conflict between [[Traditionalist conservatism|traditionalist]] or [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] values and [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive]] or [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] values. Beginning in the 1990s, culture wars have influenced the debate over public school history and science curricula in the United States, along with many other issues. | 2017-04-26T07:33:15Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaign_bus&diff=65770392&oldid=65770124 | A '''campaign bus''' is a [[bus]] used as both a vehicle and a center of operations in a [[political campaign]]. The modern use of campaign buses is often calculated to bring to mind [[whistle-stop tour]]s that political candidates had historically used to reach large numbers of voters while campaigning by [[train]]. Perhaps the most famous example of such a tour was [[John McCain]]'s "Straight Talk Express".<ref>[http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/02/17/mccain.bus/ Life on the Straight Talk Express: All McCain, all of the time]<ref/> | 2006-07-25T15:17:43Z | A '''campaign bus''' is a [[bus]] used as both a vehicle and a center of operations in a [[political campaign]]. The modern use of campaign buses is often calculated to bring to mind [[whistle-stop tour]]s that political candidates had historically used to reach large numbers of voters while campaigning by [[train]]. Perhaps the most famous example of such a tour was [[John McCain]]'s "Straight Talk Express".<ref>[http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/02/17/mccain.bus/ Life on the Straight Talk Express: All McCain, all of the time]</ref> | 2006-07-25T15:19:14Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Republican_Trust_Political_Action_Committee&diff=277100177&oldid=277099752 | The '''National Republican Trust Political Action Group''' is an third organization that supports [[Republican]] candidates for [[United States]] federal government positions through advertising. Despite its name, it is independent of the [[Republican Party]], and is connected to conservative website NewsMax.<ref>http://www.factcheck.org/elections-2008/a_license_to_kill.html</ref> | 2009-03-14T02:03:06Z | The '''National Republican Trust Political Action Group''' is an third organization that supports [[Republican]] candidates for [[United States]] federal government positions through advertising. Despite its name, it is independent of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], and is connected to conservative website NewsMax.<ref>http://www.factcheck.org/elections-2008/a_license_to_kill.html</ref> | 2009-03-14T02:05:22Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shuttleworth_(canvassing)&diff=14363844&oldid=13248481 | [[GOTV]]
[[Telling]] | 2005-05-05T02:54:51Z | *[[GOTV]]
*[[Telling]] | 2005-05-05T02:55:10Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Native_administration&diff=1140256941&oldid=1140248693 | Native administration is an especially important element of governing [[nomad]]ic populations. A nomadic lifestyle is common in rural Sudan, and many live somewhere on a continuous spectrum between nomadic and settled.<ref name="Elhussein1989"/>{{rp|437}} The links to nomadic communities and the understanding of land and natural resources means they play important roles in resource allocation, settling disputes, and handling relations with neighbouring groups. Native administration also plays a key role in providing communication channels between nomadic communities and outside bodies, such as aid organisations.<ref name="Bottjen2022"/> | 2023-02-19T05:14:01Z | Native administration is an especially important element of governing [[nomad]]ic populations. A nomadic lifestyle is common in rural Sudan, and many live somewhere on a continuous spectrum between nomadic and settled.<ref name="Elhussein1989"/>{{rp|437}} The links to nomadic communities and the understanding of the land and natural resources means they play important roles in resource allocation, settling disputes, and handling relations with neighbouring groups. Native administration also plays a key role in providing communication channels between nomadic communities and outside bodies, such as aid organisations.<ref name="Bottjen2022"/> | 2023-02-19T06:31:22Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Network_governance&diff=172385857&oldid=172385341 | *[http://www.analytictech.com/borgatti/oppamr6z.htm A GENERAL THEORY OF NETWORK GOVERNANCE:
EXCHANGE CONDITIONS AND SOCIAL MECHANISMS] | 2007-11-19T00:17:23Z | *[http://www.analytictech.com/borgatti/oppamr6z.htm A GENERAL THEORY OF NETWORK GOVERNANCE: EXCHANGE CONDITIONS AND SOCIAL MECHANISMS] | 2007-11-19T00:20:01Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Zionist_Congress&diff=203260787&oldid=17083056 | #REDIRECT [[World Zionist Organization]] | 2005-01-02T02:39:41Z | #REDIRECT [[World Zionist Organization#World Zionist Organization]] | 2008-04-04T10:51:54Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philosemitism&diff=681356&oldid=666672 | <b>Philo-Semitism<b> means love and respect of Judaism as well as the Jewish people and its achievements. It is an important phenomenon in the modern world, represented among other things in an unparalleled interest in Jewish culture and history as well as increasing university enrolment by Gentiles in courses relating to Judaism (including Judaism, Hebrew and Yiddish). While earlier some felt compelled to hide their Jewish ancestry for fear of discrimination, today many emphasize even distant Jewish heritage with pride. | 2003-02-13T23:37:39Z | <b>Philo-Semitism</b> means love and respect of Judaism as well as the Jewish people and its achievements. It is an important phenomenon in the modern world, represented among other things in an unparalleled interest in Jewish culture and history as well as increasing university enrolment by Gentiles in courses relating to Judaism (including Judaism, Hebrew and Yiddish). While earlier some felt compelled to hide their Jewish ancestry for fear of discrimination, today many emphasize even distant Jewish heritage with pride. | 2003-02-13T23:37:47Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apportionment_in_the_European_Parliament&diff=10549706&oldid=10549408 | The '''[[apportionment]]''' of seats among member states in the '''[[European Parliament]]''' is not strictly in accordance with the size of population. Rather, the allocation of seats is based on the principle of degressive proportionality, so that, while the size of the population of each country is taken into account, smaller states elect more [[Members of the European Parliament|MEP]]s than would be strictly justified by their populations alone. There is no precise formula for the apportionment of seats among member states, rather, the number of MEPs granted to each country has arisen from treaty negotiations. No change in the number of MEPs granted to each member state can occur without the unanimous consent of all governments. The distribution of seats shown in the tables below has been in place since June [[2004]]. The next change in the apportionment of seats is scheduled to occur in January [[2007]]. | 2005-02-25T02:35:41Z | The '''[[apportionment]]''' of seats among member states in the '''[[European Parliament]]''' is not strictly in accordance with size of population. Rather, the allocation of seats is based on the principle of degressive proportionality, so that, while the size of the population of each country is taken into account, smaller states elect more [[Members of the European Parliament|MEP]]s than would be strictly justified by their populations alone. There is no precise formula for the apportionment of seats among member states, rather, the number of MEPs granted to each country has arisen from treaty negotiations. No change in the number of MEPs granted to each member state can occur without the unanimous consent of all governments. The distribution of seats shown in the tables below has been in place since June [[2004]]. The next change in the apportionment of seats is scheduled to occur in January [[2007]]. | 2005-02-25T02:36:50Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biopower&diff=547523077&oldid=547455852 | Foucault considers the breakthrough of "this governmental reasoning" of the population as a substantial event in Western history and society comparable to the [[scientific revolution]] of the 16th century.<ref>''Security, Territory, Population'' pp.285-286 (2007)</ref> Where a substantial transfer of techniques and technologies were transferred from the sovereign individual (the monarch) to a new modified apparatus known as the [[Disciplinary institutions]],of the 18th century and its scientific representatives [[Carceral archipelago]], ''[[Discipline and Punish]]'' (all in the space of 80 years Foucault's notices) which culminated into a new version known as [[nation state]]s. This change took place in the 16th century and continued right through into the 19th century. Foucault then gives examples of this procedure through the system known as ''[[raison d'état]]'', from this analytical view of the state by [[Claude Fleury]],<ref>''Security, Territory, Population'' pp.323-324 (2007)</ref><ref>''Security, Territory, Population'' p.331 Notes 31,32,34,38 (2007)</ref> war, raising finance, justice; there must be an abundance of men (large scale phenomena of population). It is not the absolute number of the population that counts, but its relationship with the set composition of forces: the size of the territory, natural resources, wealth, commercial activities and so on. From Fleury's point of view, according to Foucault, the more there are of men, the stronger the state and the prince will be. So, according to Fleury, it is not expanse of land (expansion of the territory) that contributes greatness of the state but fertility and the number of men. Foucault then introduces into his [[Ontogenetic]] and, [[Phylogenetic]] investigations the concept of '[[police]]'(see also [[miasma theory of disease]]); not the police of the [[criminal justice system]] as we know it today, but as concept known at that time as urbanization of the territory; which means making the kingdom, the entire territory into a large industrious town. Foucault then considers how [[Mercantilism]] played a big role in this new context of European balance of power; these are the mercantilist requirements: every country should try to have the largest possible population, second; the entire population be endgible and be put to work, third; wages given to the population be as low as possible, fourth; the cost price of goods at the lowest price as possible. Police according to Foucault consists of a sovereign exercise of royal power over individuals who are therefore subjects. The actual police is the direct governmentality of the sovereign who rules through raison d'état. What Foucault means by the governmentality of the sovereign is the mind of the police runs through all of the populations, collective consciousness therefore, reducing criminality not its complete elimination, for political and economic reasons (see [[Discipline and Punish]]), not through fear, but the knowledge of the police as a system with its own structural objective as laws, judicial, legislative operating as a microcosm of the societal body, which ultimately represents the sovereigns will. Initially, however, this wasn’t the sole intention of the police as we know it where Foucault introduces the original founder of the system now known to us as the police.[[Nicolas Delamare]],<ref>Nicolas Delamare 1639-1723 Delamare served as Superintendent at Chatelet from 1673 to 1710 under the lieutenancy of La Reynie this is Foucault's only mention of La Reynie in his lectures for more information on Delamare see ''Security, Territory, Population'' the following notes p.53 n,26, pp.359-360 n,1-9 2007</ref>(Foucault doesn’t mention the real founder of the police [[Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie]] which Foucault neglects to mention). Foucault concentrates on how the police became an integral feature and intermingled with population, tracing the system on its foundation on how this is arranged around the composition of forces which the whole Western system of the balance of power, raison E’tat was organised and arranged around. This system consisted of an organised scientifically trained professional army,(as opposed to a private army organised around the service of the king) incorporated within this military system is [[Thantopolitics]]([[Political power]] used through the military system for the purposes of warfare by other means) for the purposes of the slaughtering of millions of people on an industrial scale, a system of legitimacy, comprising the sovereign, not the sovereign as a singular ruler but as an organized super structure institution comprising societal state functions, [[Political sovereignty]] which guaranteed the sovereign's legitimacy, judiciary, legislator, [[Parliamentary]] system; political power, political executive, political elite, and a political communication system which is primarily aimed at the entire political community.<ref>''Halisbury Laws Of England Volume 34 Parliament 4th Edition 1984''</ref> And finally, the final piece in the jigsaw puzzle;the western political system of [[Consent of the governed]]. This system at least gives the rationale of why it was necessary to have on board a widely disparate atomised populace; and its use, through the not widely known and little understood function of the [[Royal Prerogative]]<ref>[http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/docs/royal-prerogative.pdf Review of the Executive Royal Prerogative Powers 2010].</ref><ref>[http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmpubadm/422/422.pdf Taming the Prerogative: Strengthening Ministerial Accountability to Parliament 2004]</ref><ref>Foucault doesn't use the phrase [[Royal Prerogative]] but uses the term '[[Royal power]]' ''The Birth Of Biopolitics'' pp.7-9,p.37 2008</ref> The origin of which can be traced back to the Middle Ages from where the western system of political power gets its central idea, from the point of view and simple justification of consent of the governed, legitimacy and political power. This legitimacy, which is exercised through the use of Parliamentary democracy(see also [[Greek government debt crisis]], [[National unity government]], [[European sovereign debt crisis]]), was essential to the western system of political power and modern government;"The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government","The people" identifies the entire body of the citizens of a jurisdiction invested with political power or gathered for political purposes'" or "Popular sovereignty or the sovereignty of the people is the political principle that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people, who are the source of all political power", all of this Foucault calls the political technology of biopower. This had to have the entire population on board in terms of ‘the police’, which had an entirely different meaning from what we know it today by tracing the concept back through time from the 15th century and 16th century usage, previous thinkers meant the term as a community association governed by a public authority and political power with accountability to a public authority. By quoting [[Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi]] “of laws and regulations that concern the interior of a state and which endeavours to strengthen and increase the power of this state and make good use of its forces.<ref>''Security, Territory, Population'' pp.314-315 (2007)</ref><ref>''Security, Territory, Population'' See Note 8 pp.329-330 (2007)</ref>”What Foucault reveals is that the original police had a different function as we know it today;for example one of their primary function was to administer the state in the guise of statisticians, allocating resources, supervision of grain in times of crisis, ensuring circulation of goods and men, secure the development of the state’s forces.<ref>''Security, Territory, Population '' pp.311-332 (2007)</ref> This was so successful this then led to an extension of the franchising out in the form of recruitment of the then [[University]] system. This bought in the next generation of administrators for the new ‘nation state’ system. This bought in two types of police;administrators who formed the [[Polizeiwissenschaft]];the science of police or the science of government of the state,the other type would become known as what we know and associate the term today [[criminal justice system]], [[Law enforcement]], [[Forensic science]] and the modern uniformed police [[Polizeistaat]] police state, translated in to English as policing of the state.<ref>''Security, Territory, Population '' pp.318-319 (2007)</ref><ref>''Security, Territory, Population '' p.330 See Note 14 (2007)</ref> Originally from Germany, this system spread right throughout Europe from the middle of the 17th century and most crucially, this Polizeiwissenschaft grow a substantial bibliography of this system ‘science of police’ by the 19th century.Foucault’s research shows that some 4000 different pamphlets and articles had emerged from 1520-1850 under the titles of “science of police in the broad sense” and “science of the police in the strict sense”.<ref>''Security, Territory, Population'' p.318 (2007)</ref><ref>Security, Territory, Population p.330 see Note 11 (2007)</ref> This became known as [[Cameral]] science(the new modern [[Public administration]]). The future administrators for the future modern nation state system with many functions;such as [[Bureaucrats]], [[Civil Servants]], [[Think tanks]], [[Public policy]] makers, [[Economists]] all from the university system. | 2013-03-28T15:13:13Z | Foucault considers the breakthrough of "this governmental reasoning" of the population as a substantial event in Western history and society comparable to the [[scientific revolution]] of the 16th century.<ref>''Security, Territory, Population'' pp.285-286 (2007)</ref> Where a substantial transfer of techniques and technologies were transferred from the sovereign individual (the monarch) to a new modified apparatus known as the [[Disciplinary institutions]],of the 18th century and its scientific representatives [[Carceral archipelago]], ''[[Discipline and Punish]]'' (all in the space of 80 years Foucault's notices) which culminated into a new version known as [[nation state]]s. This change took place in the 16th century and continued right through into the 19th century. Foucault then gives examples of this procedure through the system known as ''[[raison d'état]]'', from this analytical view of the state by [[Claude Fleury]],<ref>''Security, Territory, Population'' pp.323-324 (2007)</ref><ref>''Security, Territory, Population'' p.331 Notes 31,32,34,38 (2007)</ref> war, raising finance, justice; there must be an abundance of men (large scale phenomena of population). It is not the absolute number of the population that counts, but its relationship with the set composition of forces: the size of the territory, natural resources, wealth, commercial activities and so on. From Fleury's point of view, according to Foucault, the more there are of men, the stronger the state and the prince will be. So, according to Fleury, it is not expanse of land (expansion of the territory) that contributes greatness of the state but fertility and the number of men. Foucault then introduces into his [[Ontogenetic]] and, [[Phylogenetic]] investigations the concept of '[[police]]'(see also [[miasma theory of disease]]); not the police of the [[criminal justice system]] as we know it today, but as concept known at that time as urbanization of the territory; which means making the kingdom, the entire territory into a large industrious town. Foucault then considers how [[Mercantilism]] played a big role in this new context of European balance of power; these are the mercantilist requirements: every country should try to have the largest possible population, second; the entire population be endgible and be put to work, third; wages given to the population be as low as possible, fourth; the cost price of goods at the lowest price as possible. Police according to Foucault consists of a sovereign exercise of royal power over individuals who are therefore subjects. The actual police is the direct governmentality of the sovereign who rules through raison d'état. What Foucault means by the governmentality of the sovereign is the mind of the police runs through all of the populations, collective consciousness therefore, reducing criminality not its complete elimination, for political and economic reasons (see [[Discipline and Punish]]), not through fear, but the knowledge of the police as a system with its own structural objective as laws, judicial, legislative operating as a microcosm of the societal body, which ultimately represents the sovereigns will. Initially, however, this wasn’t the sole intention of the police as we know it where Foucault introduces the original founder of the system now known to us as the police.[[Nicolas Delamare]],<ref>Nicolas Delamare 1639-1723 Delamare served as Superintendent at Chatelet from 1673 to 1710 under the lieutenancy of La Reynie this is Foucault's only mention of La Reynie in his lectures for more information on Delamare see ''Security, Territory, Population'' the following notes p.53 n,26, pp.359-360 n,1-9 2007</ref>(Foucault doesn’t mention the real founder of the police [[Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie]] which Foucault neglects to mention). Foucault concentrates on how the police became an integral feature and intermingled with population, tracing the system on its foundation on how this is arranged around the composition of forces which the whole Western system of the balance of power, raison E’tat was organised and arranged around. This system consisted of an organised scientifically trained professional army,(as opposed to a private army organised around the service of the king) incorporated within this military system is [[Thantopolitics]]([[Political power]] used through the military system for the purposes of warfare by other means) for the purposes of the slaughtering of millions of people on an industrial scale, a system of legitimacy, comprising the sovereign, not the sovereign as a singular ruler but as an organized super structure institution comprising societal state functions, [[Political sovereignty]] which guaranteed the sovereign's legitimacy, judiciary, legislator, [[Parliamentary]] system; political power, political executive, political elite, and a political communication system which is primarily aimed at the entire political community.<ref>''Halisbury Laws Of England Volume 34 Parliament 4th Edition 1984''</ref> And finally, the final piece in the jigsaw puzzle;the western political system of [[Consent of the governed]]. This system at least gives the rationale of why it was necessary to have on board a widely disparate atomised populace; and its use, through the not widely known and little understood function of the [[Royal Prerogative]]<ref>[http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/docs/royal-prerogative.pdf Review of the Executive Royal Prerogative Powers 2010].</ref><ref>[http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmpubadm/422/422.pdf Taming the Prerogative: Strengthening Ministerial Accountability to Parliament 2004]</ref><ref>Foucault doesn't use the phrase [[Royal Prerogative]] but uses the term '[[Royal power]]' ''The Birth Of Biopolitics'' pp.7-9,p.37 2008</ref> The origin of which can be traced back to the Middle Ages from where the western system of political power gets its central idea, from the point of view and simple justification of consent of the governed, legitimacy and political power. This legitimacy, which is exercised through the use of Parliamentary democracy(see also [[Greek government debt crisis]], [[National unity government]], [[European sovereign debt crisis]]), was essential to the western system of political power and modern government;"The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government","The people" identifies the entire body of the citizens of a jurisdiction invested with political power or gathered for political purposes'" or "Popular sovereignty or the sovereignty of the people is the political principle that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people, who are the source of all political power", all of this Foucault calls the political technology of biopower. This had to have the entire population on board in terms of ‘the police’, which had an entirely different meaning from what we know it today by tracing the concept back through time from the 15th century and 16th century usage, previous thinkers meant the term as a community association governed by a public authority and political power with accountability to a public authority. By quoting [[Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi]] “of laws and regulations that concern the interior of a state and which endeavours to strengthen and increase the power of this state and make good use of its forces.<ref>''Security, Territory, Population'' pp.314-315 (2007)</ref><ref>''Security, Territory, Population'' See Note 8 pp.329-330 (2007)</ref>”What Foucault reveals is that the original police had a different function as we know it today;for example one of their primary function was to administer the state in the guise of statisticians, allocating resources, supervision of grain in times of crisis, ensuring circulation of goods and men, secure the development of the state’s forces.<ref>''Security, Territory, Population '' pp.311-332 (2007)</ref> This was so successful this then led to an extension of the franchising out in the form of recruitment of the then [[University]] system. This bought in the next generation of administrators for the new ‘nation state’ system. This bought in two types of police;administrators who formed the [[Polizeiwissenschaft]];the science of police or the science of government of the state,the other type would become known as what we know and associate the term today [[criminal justice system]], [[Law enforcement]], [[Forensic science]] and the modern uniformed police [[Polizeistaat]] police state, translated into English as policing of the state.<ref>''Security, Territory, Population '' pp.318-319 (2007)</ref><ref>''Security, Territory, Population '' p.330 See Note 14 (2007)</ref> Originally from Germany, this system spread right throughout Europe from the middle of the 17th century and most crucially, this Polizeiwissenschaft grow a substantial bibliography of this system ‘science of police’ by the 19th century.Foucault’s research shows that some 4000 different pamphlets and articles had emerged from 1520-1850 under the titles of “science of police in the broad sense” and “science of the police in the strict sense”.<ref>''Security, Territory, Population'' p.318 (2007)</ref><ref>Security, Territory, Population p.330 see Note 11 (2007)</ref> This became known as [[Cameral]] science(the new modern [[Public administration]]). The future administrators for the future modern nation state system with many functions;such as [[Bureaucrats]], [[Civil Servants]], [[Think tanks]], [[Public policy]] makers, [[Economists]] all from the university system. | 2013-03-28T23:44:51Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communitas_perfecta&diff=282715719&oldid=282715682 | In any event, Pope [[Paul VI]]mentioned it and summarized it in the 1969 [[motu proprio]] ''[[Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum]]'' on the tasks of the papal [[legate]] : | 2009-04-09T06:23:17Z | In any event, Pope [[Paul VI]] mentioned it and summarized it in the 1969 [[motu proprio]] ''[[Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum]]'' on the tasks of the papal [[legate]] : | 2009-04-09T06:23:36Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cosmopolitanism&diff=320742097&oldid=313239429 | For Gilroy, being cosmopolitan seems to involve both a social, ethical enterprise and a cultural enterprise. In "The Planet", Gilroy describes the cases of Tom Hurndall (80) and Rachel Corrie (81); each seems to exemplify what might be considered Gilroy’s figure of the cosmopolitan. Both Hurndall and Corrie removed themselves (geographically) from their home cultures, presumably both physically and mentally estranging themselves from their own cultures and histories. Interestingly, though, Hurndall and Corrie were both killed in 2003 (in separate incidents) and their stories might serve as affirmations of familiarity, rather than models of estrangement. Gilroy’s model of estrangement might actually undermine itself through its examples; this might be construed as a failure of Gilroy’s theory to address the practical difficulties of estranging oneself from the familiar <ref>Gilroy, Paul. ''After Empire: Multiculture or Postcolonial Melancholia''. New York: Columbia UP, 2005.</ref>. | 2009-09-11T19:20:29Z | For Gilroy, being cosmopolitan seems to involve both a social, ethical enterprise and a cultural enterprise. In "The Planet", Gilroy describes the cases of [[Tom Hurndall]] (80) and [[Rachel Corrie]] (81); each seems to exemplify what might be considered Gilroy’s figure of the cosmopolitan. Both Hurndall and Corrie removed themselves (geographically) from their home cultures, presumably both physically and mentally estranging themselves from their own cultures and histories. Interestingly, though, Hurndall and Corrie were both killed in 2003 (in separate incidents) and their stories might serve as affirmations of familiarity, rather than models of estrangement. Gilroy’s model of estrangement might actually undermine itself through its examples; this might be construed as a failure of Gilroy’s theory to address the practical difficulties of estranging oneself from the familiar <ref>Gilroy, Paul. ''After Empire: Multiculture or Postcolonial Melancholia''. New York: Columbia UP, 2005.</ref>. | 2009-10-19T05:04:14Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethics_Matters&diff=854736074&oldid=854736033 | Presenter: [[Dan Halliday]]
Podcast Co-Presenter: [[Christian Barry]]
Director: [[Catherine Gough-Brady]]
Essayist: [[Brigid Evans]]
Producer: [[Snodger Media]] | 2018-08-13T12:35:31Z | * Presenter: [[Dan Halliday]]
* Podcast Co-Presenter: [[Christian Barry]]
* Director: [[Catherine Gough-Brady]]
* Essayist: [[Brigid Evans]]
* Producer: [[Snodger Media]] | 2018-08-13T12:35:54Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_citizenship&diff=703156513&oldid=703156385 | Not surprisingly, those who are high in global human identification are less prejudiced toward many groups, care more about international human rights, worldwide inequality and global poverty suffering. They attend more actively to global concerns, value the lives of all human beings more equally, and give more in time and money to international humanitarian causes. The tend to be more politically liberal on both domestic and international issues.<ref>McFarland, S. Webb, M. & Brown, D. (2012). All humanity is my ingroup: A measure and studies of Identification with All Humanity. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103'', 830-853.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028724</ref> They want their countries to do more to alleviate global suffering.<ref>Reysen, S., & Katzarska-Miller, I. (2013). A model of global citizenship: Antecedents and outcomes. ''International Journal of Psychology, 48'', 858-870.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2012.701749</ref> | 2016-02-03T21:09:24Z | Not surprisingly, those who are high in global human identification are less prejudiced toward many groups, care more about international human rights, worldwide inequality and global poverty and human suffering. They attend more actively to global concerns, value the lives of all human beings more equally, and give more in time and money to international humanitarian causes. The tend to be more politically liberal on both domestic and international issues.<ref>McFarland, S. Webb, M. & Brown, D. (2012). All humanity is my ingroup: A measure and studies of Identification with All Humanity. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103'', 830-853.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028724</ref> They want their countries to do more to alleviate global suffering.<ref>Reysen, S., & Katzarska-Miller, I. (2013). A model of global citizenship: Antecedents and outcomes. ''International Journal of Psychology, 48'', 858-870.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2012.701749</ref> | 2016-02-03T21:10:19Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_feminism&diff=124554448&oldid=124554169 | [Transnational Feminism]
[Globalization]
[RAWA] | 2007-04-21T06:47:33Z | [[Transnational Feminism]]
[[Globalization]]
[[RAWA]] | 2007-04-21T06:50:08Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hybrid_institutions_and_governance&diff=465312950&oldid=465312835 | Type II Partnerships were developed at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. These partnerships exemplify a more general shift in governance practice that has been termed ‘The Partnership Movement’<ref>{{cite journal|last=Andanova & Levy|first=L., & A.,|title=Franchising Global Governance: Making Sense of the Johannesburg Type II Partnerships|journal=Yearbook of International Cooperation on Environment and Development|year=2003/04|series=Key Issues and Themes|pages=19}}</ref>, whereby “transnational governance networks [...] bring together public, private and societal actors in an effort to institutionalise a set of ideas, practices, and norms”<ref>{{cite journal|last=Andanova & Levy|first=L., & A.,|title=Franchising Global Governance: Making Sense of the Johannesburg Type II Partnerships|journal=Yearbook of International Cooperation on Environment and Development|year=2003/04|series=Key Issues and Themes|pages=19}}</ref>(emphasis added). There are clear links with network governance here, which studies the relationships between different (usually non-state) actors that work together on a particular issue or policy. The Type II Partnerships can be seen as an attempt to promote hybrid institutions between public and private actors. Whether or not these policy networks and partnerships were institutionalised, or were genuine hybrids, is debated within the literature. This debate provides a useful indirect critique of hybrid institutions. | 2011-12-11T17:33:12Z | Type II Partnerships were developed at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. These partnerships exemplify a more general shift in governance practice that has been termed ‘The Partnership Movement’<ref>{{cite journal|last=Andanova & Levy|first=L., & A.,|title=Franchising Global Governance: Making Sense of the Johannesburg Type II Partnerships|journal=Yearbook of International Cooperation on Environment and Development|year=2003/04|series=Key Issues and Themes|pages=19}}</ref>, whereby “transnational governance networks [...] bring together public, private and societal actors in an effort to institutionalise a set of ideas, practices, and norms”<ref>{{cite journal|last=Andanova & Levy|first=L., & A.,|title=Franchising Global Governance: Making Sense of the Johannesburg Type II Partnerships|journal=Yearbook of International Cooperation on Environment and Development|year=2003/04|series=Key Issues and Themes|pages=19}}</ref> (emphasis added). There are clear links with network governance here, which studies the relationships between different (usually non-state) actors that work together on a particular issue or policy. The Type II Partnerships can be seen as an attempt to promote hybrid institutions between public and private actors. Whether or not these policy networks and partnerships were institutionalised, or were genuine hybrids, is debated within the literature. This debate provides a useful indirect critique of hybrid institutions. | 2011-12-11T17:34:05Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negarchy&diff=135066306&oldid=135066222 | '''Negarchy''' was a term coined by [[Daniel Deudney]] [http://www.ciaonet.org/wps/kuc01/] to mean a form of status quo maintained by the inter-relations of the power structure and authority that modern states hold in relation to each other which negate each other due to their respective affluence. The situation of this kind of power compromise results in putting limits upon and reining in the rule of all such states by reducing their individual power and potential affluence. Thus it is a rule of their own creation that they are also unwillingly subject to. Comparisons have been drawn between 'negarchy' and [[Natural law|natural law]] structures [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3671/is_199504/ai_n8727895/pg_9] as well as with intranational markets [http://www.engagingcommunities2005.org/abstracts/Ralph-Natalie-final.pdf]. Negarchy is described as being a form of governing between "anarchy and hierarchy" [http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol6/No4/art1-04.html]. | 2007-06-01T11:31:33Z | '''Negarchy''' was a term coined by [[Daniel Deudney]] [http://www.ciaonet.org/wps/kuc01/] to mean a form of [[status quo]] maintained by the inter-relations of the power structure and authority that modern states hold in relation to each other which negate each other due to their respective affluence. The situation of this kind of power compromise results in putting limits upon and reining in the rule of all such states by reducing their individual power and potential affluence. Thus it is a rule of their own creation that they are also unwillingly subject to. Comparisons have been drawn between 'negarchy' and [[Natural law|natural law]] structures [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3671/is_199504/ai_n8727895/pg_9] as well as with intranational markets [http://www.engagingcommunities2005.org/abstracts/Ralph-Natalie-final.pdf]. Negarchy is described as being a form of governing between "anarchy and hierarchy" [http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol6/No4/art1-04.html]. | 2007-06-01T11:32:10Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pirate_utopia&diff=12943354&oldid=6089439 | '''Pirate utopias''' were described by the [[anarchist]] writer [[Hakim Bey]] in his work [[Temporary Autonomous Zone]]. He uses the example of secret [[pirate]] islands once used for supply purposes as early forms of autonomous [[enclave]]s which existed beyond the realm and reach of [[government]]s. The mini-societies that emerged from these enclaves typify proto-anarchist societies in that they operated beyond mere [[law]]s and governance and, in their stead, embraced [[freedom]]. | 2004-09-22T08:36:56Z | '''Pirate utopias''' were described by the [[anarchist]] writer [[Hakim Bey]] in his work [[Temporary Autonomous Zone]]. He uses the example of secret islands once used for supply purposes for [[pirate]]s as early forms of autonomous [[enclave]]s which existed beyond the realm and reach of [[government]]s. The mini-societies that emerged from these enclaves typify proto-anarchist societies in that they operated beyond mere [[law]]s and governance and, in their stead, embraced [[freedom]]. | 2004-09-23T05:12:43Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=School_of_Diplomacy&diff=338642697&oldid=338642619 | The School of Diplomacy ({{zh|t={{linktext|縱|横|家}}|s={{linktext|纵|横|家}}|p=Zōng héng Jiā}}), or School of Vertical and Horizontal [[Alliance|Alliances] was a political and diplomatic [[clique]] during the [[Warring States Period]] of [[Chinese History|Chinese history]] (476-220 BCE). According to the “[[Book of Han|History of the Former Han Dynasty]]”, ({{zh|t=漢書 or 前漢書|s=汉书 or 前汉书|p=Hànshū|w=Ch'ien Han Shu}}), the school was one of the [[Nine Schools of Thought]] ({{zh|t=九流|s=九流|p=Jiŭ Liú}}). | 2010-01-18T23:13:08Z | The School of Diplomacy ({{zh|t={{linktext|縱|横|家}}|s={{linktext|纵|横|家}}|p=Zōng héng Jiā}}), or School of Vertical and Horizontal [[Alliance|Alliances]] was a political and diplomatic [[clique]] during the [[Warring States Period]] of [[Chinese History|Chinese history]] (476-220 BCE). According to the “[[Book of Han|History of the Former Han Dynasty]]”, ({{zh|t=漢書 or 前漢書|s=汉书 or 前汉书|p=Hànshū|w=Ch'ien Han Shu}}), the school was one of the [[Nine Schools of Thought]] ({{zh|t=九流|s=九流|p=Jiŭ Liú}}). | 2010-01-18T23:13:34Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seniority&diff=2785656&oldid=2298879 | Seniority is present every day, be it between parents and children, sibilings of different ages, workers and their managers, and is a large part of the military and para-military command structure. | 2004-02-04T09:04:27Z | Seniority is present every day, be it between parents and children, sibilings of different ages, workers and their managers, and is a large part of the [[military]] and para-military command structure. | 2004-02-04T09:06:14Z |
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wollheim's_paradox&diff=704088147&oldid=704088122 | Wollheim's paradox is a problem in political philosophy that points to an inherent contradiction in the concept of democracy. The paradox highlights the fact that a person can simultaneously advocating two conflicting policy options A and B, provided that the person believes that democratic decisions should be followed. The paradox was formulated by the British philosopher [[Richard Wollheim]] in 1962 in an article entitled "A paradox in the theory of democracy".<ref><ref>In "Philosophy, Politics and Society", edited by Peter Laslett and W.G. Runciman, published by Basil Blackwell, 1962. Pp. 71-87.</ref></ref> | 2016-02-09T13:24:33Z | Wollheim's paradox is a problem in political philosophy that points to an inherent contradiction in the concept of democracy. The paradox highlights the fact that a person can simultaneously advocating two conflicting policy options A and B, provided that the person believes that democratic decisions should be followed. The paradox was formulated by the British philosopher [[Richard Wollheim]] in 1962 in an article entitled "A paradox in the theory of democracy".<ref><ref>In "Philosophy, Politics and Society", edited by Peter Laslett and W.G. Runciman, published by Basil Blackwell, 1962. Pp. 71-87.</ref> | 2016-02-09T13:24:47Z |