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নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The patient was a 44-year-old Chinese man from Wuhan, in Hubei province, where the virus was first detected. He appeared to have been infected before arriving in the Philippines, the World Health Organization (WHO) said. More than 300 people have died in the outbreak so far, the vast majority from Hubei. More than 14,000 people have been infected. The US, Australia and an increasing number of other countries have barred the arrival of foreigners from China and are requiring their own citizens to be quarantined. The number of coronavirus cases worldwide has overtaken that of the similar Sars epidemic, which spread to more than two dozen countries in 2003. But the mortality rate of the new virus is much lower, suggesting it is not as deadly. What do we know about this death? The man travelled to the Philippines from Wuhan, via Hong Kong, with a 38-year-old Chinese woman who also tested positive last week, the Philippines Department of Health said. Officials said he was admitted to a hospital in the capital, Manila, where he developed severe pneumonia. The man is thought to have had other pre-existing health conditions. Rabindra Abeyasinghe, the WHO representative to the Philippines, urged people to remain calm: "This is the first reported death outside China. However, we need to take into mind that this is not a locally acquired case. This patient came from the epicentre of this outbreak." According to local news outlet Rappler, Health Secretary Francisco Duque III said the patient was "stable and showed signs of improvement", but his condition deteriorated rapidly over 24 hours. The Department of Health was now trying to track down people who were on the same flight as the man so that they could be quarantined, he said, as well as any other people the man and woman may have come into contact with, such as hotel staff. The man's death was confirmed shortly after the Philippines announced it would immediately halt the arrivals of any foreign travellers from China. It had previously restricted only those from Hubei, which is at the epicentre of the outbreak. What is the latest from China? Authorities said 45 more deaths were recorded in Hubei province by the end of Saturday, bringing the death toll in the country to 304. Nationally, there were 2,590 new confirmed infections. The total number of infections in China is now 14,380, state TV quoted the National Health Commission as saying. Estimates by the University of Hong Kong suggest the total number of cases could be far higher than the official figures. More than 75,000 people may have been infected in the city of Wuhan, which is at the epicentre of the outbreak, experts say. A new hospital in the city will start admitting coronavirus patients from Monday, state media report. The Huoshenshan Hospital - which has 1,000 beds and was built in just eight days - is one of two dedicated facilities that are being constructed to help tackle the outbreak. On Sunday, the government said it would pump more than $170bn (£128bn) into the economy as concern grows about the wider impact of the epidemic. The speed at which the outbreak can be contained has also come into question, after the man leading the health commission investigating the new coronavirus said on Saturday that it could take between 10 days and two weeks for the virus to peak. Five days ago Zhong Nanshan, a respiratory expert, had given the outbreak a week to 10 days to peak. Which countries are restricting arrivals? The US and Australia have said they will deny entry to all foreign visitors who had recently been to China, where the 2019-nCov strain of the coronavirus first emerged in December. Other countries including Russia, Japan, Pakistan and Indonesia have also announced travel restrictions. On Sunday, South Korea said it would bar entry to foreigners who had recently visited Hubei. In the US, citizens and residents returning from Hubei will be quarantined for 14 days. Those returning from other parts of China will be allowed to monitor their own condition for a similar period. The Pentagon said it would provide housing for 1,000 people who may need to be quarantined after arriving from abroad. Australia said any of its own citizens arriving from China would also be quarantined for two weeks. There have also been a number of evacuations from China as foreign governments work to bring their citizens back. What restrictions are there in China? Wuhan is in lockdown and other major cities across the country have suspended non-essential business. The mayor of Huanggang - a city of six million people to the east of Wuhan - has warned that the number of cases there is set to spike in the coming days, state media said. Up to 700,000 people had returned to the city from Wuhan before travel out of Wuhan was banned. Huanggang and the eastern city of Wenzhou have imposed draconian restrictions on residents, only allowing one designated person per family to leave home once every two days to buy food and other supplies, Chinese media reported. Hubei officials have extended the Lunar New Year holiday to 13 February. Meanwhile, hospital workers in Hong Kong have voted to go on strike from Monday unless the territory's border with mainland China is completely closed. Do the travel bans work? Global health officials have advised against the bans. "Travel restrictions can cause more harm than good by hindering info-sharing, medical supply chains and harming economies," the head of the WHO said on Friday. The WHO recommends introducing screening at official border crossings. It has warned that closing borders could accelerate the spread of the virus, with travellers entering countries unofficially. China has criticised the wave of travel restrictions, accusing foreign governments of ignoring official advice.

করোনোভাইরাসে আক্রান্ত হয়ে চীনের বাইরে ফিলিপিন্সে প্রথম কোন ব্যক্তির মৃত্যুর খবর নিশ্চিত হওয়া গিয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The riot forced the suspension of a joint session of Congress to certify Joe Biden's electoral victory. Many leaders called for peace and an orderly transition of power, describing what happened as "horrifying" and an "attack on democracy". UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson condemned the "disgraceful scenes". "The United States stands for democracy around the world and it is now vital that there should be a peaceful and orderly transfer of power," he wrote on Twitter. Other UK politicians joined him in criticising the violence, with opposition leader Sir Keir Starmer calling it a "direct attack on democracy". Home Secretary Priti Patel told the BBC that Mr Trump's comments "directly led" to his supporters storming Congress and clashing with police. Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon tweeted that the scenes from the US Capitol were "utterly horrifying". In Germany, Chancellor Angela Merkel said those who stormed the US legislature were "attackers and rioters" and that she felt "angry and also sad" after seeing pictures from the scene. She told a meeting of German conservatives: "I regret very much that President Trump has still not admitted defeat, but has kept raising doubts about the elections." China meanwhile attempted to draw comparisons between the rioters who entered Congress to try and subvert the US election result and pro-democracy protesters who stormed Hong Kong's Legislative Council last year. Foreign ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying claimed events in Hong Kong were more "severe" than those in Washington but "not one demonstrator died". The comparisons between the two incidents has caused outrage among Hong Kong's pro-democracy activists and their supporters. Russia blamed the "archaic" US electoral system and the politicisation of the media for Wednesday's unrest in Washington. "The electoral system in the United States is archaic, it does not meet modern democratic standards, creating opportunities for numerous violations, and the American media have become an instrument of political struggle," foreign ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said. Elsewhere in Europe, a chorus of leaders condemned the scenes in Washington as an attack on democracy. Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez said: "I have trust in the strength of US democracy. The new presidency of Joe Biden will overcome this tense stage, uniting the American people." In a video on Twitter, French President Emmanuel Macron said: "When, in one of the world's oldest democracies, supporters of an outgoing president take up arms to challenge the legitimate results of an election, a universal idea - that of 'one person, one vote' - is undermined. "What happened today in Washington DC is not American, definitely. We believe in the strength of our democracies. We believe in the strength of American democracy" he added. Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Lofven described the incident as "worrying" and said it was "an assault on democracy". Top EU leaders have also made their views known. European Council President Charles Michel said he trusted the US "to ensure a peaceful transfer of power" to Mr Biden, while European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said she looked forward to working with the Democrat, who "won the election". Like many other global figures, the Secretary-General of the Nato military alliance, Jens Stoltenberg, said that the outcome of the election "must be respected". For his part, UN Secretary-General António Guterres was "saddened" by the events at the US Capitol, his spokesman said. The events also shocked America's close ally and neighbour to its north. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said Canadians were "deeply disturbed and saddened by the attack on democracy". "Violence will never succeed in overruling the will of the people. Democracy in the US must be upheld - and it will be," he wrote on Twitter. From New Zealand, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, tweeted that "democracy - the right of people to exercise a vote, have their voice heard and then have that decision upheld peacefully - should never be undone by a mob". Meanwhile Prime Minister Scott Morrison of Australia - another close US ally - condemned the "distressing scenes" and said he looked forward to a peaceful transfer of power. In India, the world's largest democracy, Prime Minister Narendra Modi - who has enjoyed a good relationship with President Trump - said he was "distressed to see news about rioting and violence" in Washington. "Orderly and peaceful transfer of power must continue," he tweeted. Turkey, an ally through Nato, said it invited "all parties" to show "restraint and common sense". The Venezuelan government, which the US does not recognise as legitimate, said "with this regrettable episode, the United States suffers the same thing that it has generated in other countries with its policies of aggression". In statements on Twitter, Argentina's President Alberto Fernández and Chile's President Sebastián Piñera also condemned the scenes in Washington. Mr Piñera said Chile "trusts in the solidity of US democracy to guarantee the rule of law". In Japan, one of America's closest allies and partners, Chief Cabinet Secretary Katsunobu Kato said the government hoped for a "peaceful transfer of power" in the United States. From Fiji, Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama, who led a coup in 2006, also expressed outrage at the events that took place. And in Singapore, Senior Minister Teo Chee Hean said he had watched as the "shocking" scenes took place, adding: "Its a sad day."

আমেরিকার আইনসভা কংগ্রেসের ভবন ক্যাপিটল-এ ট্রাম্প সমর্থকদের ঢুকে পড়ার ঘটনার নিন্দা জানিয়েছেন বিশ্ব নেতারা।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Khudai Noor NasarBBC World Service Muslim men can be permitted by religion to have up to four wives at a time and polygamy is still legal in Afghanistan, Pakistan and some other predominantly Muslim nations. But Taliban sources told the BBC the practice was creating increasing demand from commanders for funds to pay a "bride price" - a practice in force in many Pashtun tribes in Afghanistan and Pakistan by which money is given to a woman's family to secure her hand in marriage. The decree comes at a sensitive political moment for the Taliban and for the country, as the militant group undertakes talks with the government over the country's future. Sources said the Taliban leadership was concerned over allegations of corruption against members attempting to raise funds to sustain large or multiple households. Most of the Taliban's senior leaders have more than one wife, but the new decree does not apply retroactively to those who are already in multiple marriages. What does the decree say? The two-page decree, issued in the name of Afghan Taliban leader Mullah Hibatullah, does not ban second, third, or fourth marriages, but warns that large amounts of money spent on marriage ceremonies can invite criticism from the Taliban's opponents. "If all leadership and commanders avoid polygamy, they won't need to get involved in corrupt and illegal practices," the decree says. The decree does provide for exceptions though, endorsing multiple marriages for men who either have no children, have no male child from a previous marriage, who are marrying a widow, or who have family wealth to afford multiple wives. The decree says that in those circumstances, a man wishing to marry multiple wives should seek permission from his direct superior before arranging another marriage. Taliban sources told the BBC the letter was being distributed to the rank and file of the movement in Afghanistan and Pakistan. How widespread is polygamy? Polygamy has long been widespread in the Pashtun societies of Afghanistan and Pakistan, where women have traditionally had little say in who or when they marry. Absence of a child from a marriage - particularly a male child - is often cited as a reason for taking additional wives in rural, patriarchal Pashtun societies. Another is domestic tension, for which a wife is usually held responsible. A widowed woman is often given in marriage to the brother of her deceased husband - a move seen as protecting the honour of the widow and the family, even though the brother may already be married. And for those with greater wealth, polygamy can be seen as a status symbol. Such marriages are made possible by the custom of "walwar" - or bride price - which the family of the bride receives in return for giving her hand in marriage to her husband. Economic pressures and changing social attitudes in recent decades have begun to discourage polygamy, but it is being kept alive in the modern world by "male lust", said Rita Anwari, an Afghan activist based in Australia. Islam allowed men to take multiple wives "under certain conditions", Ms Anwari said, "such as if the previous wife is sick or can't bear children, and there are certain balancing caveats". "Unfortunately, today's men with power have forgotten all that in their pursuit of lust," she added, accusing them of using "small excuses" to take new wives. "It is completely wrong to have a few wives when you can't look after them equally - financially, physically, and mentally," she said. Most of the Taliban's senior leaders have taken multiple wives. The movement's founder, the late Mullah Mohammad Omar, and his successor, Mullah Akhtar Mansoor, both had three wives. The current Taliban chief, Mullah Hibatulah, has two. The Taliban's most senior official in Doha, Mulah Abdul Ghani Baradar, has three wives - the last of whom he reportedly married while in Pakistani custody. Nearly all of the Doha-based leaders of the movement have multiple wives, including those recently released from US custody at Guantanamo Bay. Some of the latter have taken additional wives after their release, mostly in return for hefty amounts of bride money paid to their new in-laws. When the BBC contacted Taliban sources to ask which Taliban leaders had multiple wives, one source replied simply: "Which one hasn't?" Why the effort now to control polygamy? For many years, government officials in Afghanistan have pointed out that while Taliban leaders often lead luxurious lifestyles, foot soldiers are forced to live hand-to-mouth. "The good news is that the ranking Taliban fighters are sick of fighting while [Taliban leaders] are getting their fourth and fifth wife and are enjoying themselves," said Afghan President Ashraf Ghani during a panel discussion at the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos last year. There have been reports that Taliban commanders in Afghanistan have taken wives by using force - unwanted negative press for the group at a sensitive political time as it takes part in talks with the government. And the financial strain of bride prices has reportedly concerned Taliban leaders. Reports suggest that commanders and fighters have paid prices ranging from 2m to 8m Afghanis ($26,000 to more than $100,000), either paid from the movement's funds or raised through questionable means.

আফগানিস্তানের শীর্ষ তালেবান নেতা একটা ডিক্রি জারি করে বিভিন্ন গ্রুপের নেতা এবং কমান্ডারদের বহুবিবাহ না করার জন্য আহ্বান জানিয়েছেন। তিনি বলেছেন, "এটা করে আমাদের শত্রুদেরকে আমরাই সুযোগ করে দিচ্ছি সমালোচনা করার।" বিবিসির সংবাদদাতা খুদাই নুর নাসার এইসব খবর দিচ্ছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Joe TidyCyber security reporter, BBC News The internet is awash with posts and videos on social media where people claim to have proof that the likes of Facebook and Google are spying on users in order to serve hyper-targeted adverts. Videos have gone viral in recent months showing people talking about products and then ads for those exact items appear online. Now, cyber security-specialists at Wandera have emulated the online experiments and found no evidence that phones or apps were secretly listening. Researchers put two phones - one Samsung Android phone and one Apple iPhone - into a "audio room". For 30 minutes they played the sound of cat and dog food adverts on loop. They also put two identical phones in a silent room. The security specialists kept apps open for Facebook, Instagram, Chrome, SnapChat, YouTube, and Amazon with full permissions granted to each platform. They then looked for ads related to pet food on each platform and webpage they subsequently visited. They also analysed the battery usage and data consumption on the phones during the test phase. They repeated the experiment at the same time for three days, and noted no relevant pet food adverts on the "audio room" phones and no significant spike in data or battery usage. The activity seen on phones in the "audio room" and the silent rooms were similar. They did record data being transferred from the devices - but it was at low levels and nowhere near the quantity seen when virtual assistants like Siri or Hey Google are active. James Mack, systems engineer at Wandera, said: "We observed that the data from our tests is much lower than the virtual assistant data over the 30-minute time period, which suggests that the constant recording of conversations and uploading to the cloud is not happening on any of these tested apps. "If it was, we'd expect data usage to be as high as the virtual assistants' data consumption," Mr Mack said. For years tech giants have batted away suggestions that they are using the microphones in our mobiles to spy. Last year, Facebook chief Mark Zuckerberg was asked if this was happening as part of his testimony before the US Senate to which he flatly denied it. However, as distrust in tech giants has grown, many users still feel like it's happening to them. Interestingly, the study found that most of the Android phone apps seem to consume significantly more data in the silent rooms with many iOS apps using more in the audio-filled rooms. Analysts say they are unsure why this is the case but have determined to carry on researching the issue. Regardless, the company co-founder and chief executive Eldar Tuvey is confident that the overall results show that any secret transfer of significant data is not happening. "I would put my name to the research and say that we found no evidence at all this was happening on the platforms we tested. It might be happening in a way we don't know about - but I would say it's highly unlikely," Mr Tuvey said. The results won't surprise those in the information security industry who've known for years that the truth is that tech giants know so much about us that they don't actually need to listen to our conversations to serve us targeted adverts. The reality is that advertisers have sophisticated ways of profiling users. Location data, browsing history and tracking pixels, for example all provide enough information to predict what you might be thinking about buying. They can also link you up to friends via social media information and guess that you might be interested in the things they are searching for. These techniques are constantly improving and evolving, too. Mobile advertising and security expert Soteris Demetriou, from Imperial College London, said: "The adverts that you see are a result of huge amounts of data that the companies have about you. They share a vast amount of information across advertising networks powered by machine-learning algorithms that are extremely powerful. "They now have the ability to effectively know what you could be interested in before even you do," Dr Demetriou said. There are of course instances where some apps have been found to record user activity for advertising purposes. Last June, researchers at Northeastern University in the US state of Massachusetts tested 17,000 mobile apps from various Android app stores around the world. They found no evidence of listening - but they did discover some relatively small applications were sending screenshots and even videos of user phone activities to third parties. Although this was done for development purposes and not for advertising. It's also accepted that nation-state groups routinely attack the mobile devices of high-level targets for espionage purposes. In May, WhatsApp admitted that hackers had managed to remotely install surveillance software onto devices through its app. WhatsApp, which is owned by Facebook, said the attack targeted a "select number" of users and was orchestrated by "an advanced cyber-actor". The security flaw has since been fixed.

বড় বড় প্রযুক্তি সংস্থাগুলো মোবাইল ফোনে আড়ি পেতে মানুষের কথাবার্তা শোনে এমন একটি জনপ্রিয় ষড়যন্ত্র তত্ত্ব সঠিক কিনা তা দেখতে একটি গবেষণাধর্মী তদন্ত চালিয়েছে মোবাইল ফোনের নিরাপত্তা বিষয়ক একটি প্রতিষ্ঠান।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The translation gaffe came to light on the second day of Mr Xi's state visit to Myanmar. On Saturday, Mr Xi met Myanmar's leader Aung San Suu Kyi to enhance bilateral relations. In Burmese Facebook posts about their meeting, Mr Xi's name in English was translated erroneously. His name appeared as "Mr Shithole" in Facebook posts shared on the official accounts of Ms Suu Kyi and her office. Facebook addressed the mishap in a statement on Saturday, blaming a "technical issue" for the mistranslation. "We fixed a technical issue that caused incorrect translations from Burmese to English on Facebook," said Andy Stone, a spokesman for Facebook. "This should not have happened and we are taking steps to ensure it doesn't happen again." Burmese is the official language in Myanmar, where it is spoken by two-thirds of the population. Facebook admitted that Mr Xi's name had not been inputted into the database that translates Burmese into English. In instances where data for a word is missing, Facebook's system guesses the translation, using similar syllables to replace it, the company said. Translation tests of similar words that start with "xi" and "shi" in Burmese also produced "shithole", it added. "We are aware of an issue regarding Burmese to English translations on Facebook, and we're doing everything we can to fix this as quickly as possible," Mr Stone added in the statement. As of Sunday morning, the English translation function did not appear to be working on the Burmese posts of official Facebook pages belonging to Ms Suu Kyi and the Myanmar government. There were reports that coverage of the gaffe was censored in China, where the flow of information is controlled by the government. In Myanmar, President Xi has sought to strengthen political and economic ties with the country. During the two-day trip, lucrative infrastructure deals were jointly signed by Mr Xi and Ms Suu Kyi, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate and the State Counsellor of Myanmar. The trip comes a month after Ms Suu Kyi was accused of "silence" over alleged atrocities against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar at the International Court of Justice.

চীনা প্রেসিডেন্ট শি জিনপিং-এর নাম বর্মী ভাষা থেকে ইংরেজিতে অশালীন অনুবাদের ব্যাপারে দুঃখ প্রকাশ করেছে ফেসবুক।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Nine of the 13 councillors said a "new model of public safety" would be created in a city where law enforcement has been accused of racism. Mayor Jacob Frey earlier opposed the move, drawing boos from the crowds. Activists, who for years have demanded such a step, called it a turning point. But commentators say Minneapolis can now expect a long and complex debate over policing, and it remains unclear what form structural reform will take. Mr Floyd's death in police custody triggered mass protests against racism and police brutality. Officer Derek Chauvin, who knelt on Mr Floyd's neck for almost nine minutes, has been dismissed and charged with second-degree murder. He will make his first court appearance later on Monday. Three other officers who were at the scene have also been sacked and charged with aiding and abetting. What did Minneapolis City Council members say? The nine councillors read a statement to hundreds of protesters on Sunday. "We are here because here in Minneapolis and in cities across the United States it is clear that our existing system of policing and public safety is not keeping our communities safe," City Council President Lisa Bender was quoted as saying. "Our efforts at incremental reform have failed. Period." Ms Bender said details of the overhaul plan needed to be discussed further, adding that she would try to shift police funding towards community based strategies. Meanwhile, councillor Alondra Cano tweeted that "a veto-proof majority" in the council had agreed that the city police department was "not reformable and that we're going to end the current policing system". Last week, Minnesota launched a civil rights investigation of the Minneapolis Police Department, with Governor Tim Walz saying he wanted to root out "systemic racism that is generations deep". The city council later voted for a number of policing changes, including the ban on chokeholds and neck restraints by police officers. What has the reaction been? The reform plan in Minneapolis sets up what is likely to be a complicated discussion over new ways of policing across the US. But the process of setting up a new system will probably take months, and is not guaranteed because of the mayor's opposition. Reacting to the announcement, Kandace Montgomery, the director of the Minnesota-based campaign group Black Vision, said: "It shouldn't have taken so much death to get us here. We're safer without armed, unaccountable patrols supported by the state hunting black people." On Monday, Democrats in Congress are expected to present sweeping legislation on police reform. More on George Floyd's death What's happening elsewhere? New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio had already said he would divert money from the city's police department to social services. "Defund the police" was a rallying cry during the latest street protests, that occasionally spilled into violence and looting. "Defunding" advocates have for years been condemning what they describe as the aggressive militarised policing in the US. They argue that police departments' budgets should be slashed and funds diverted to social programmes to avoid unnecessary confrontation and heal the racial divide. Entire city police departments have been disbanded before in the country: in Compton, California, in 2000, and 12 years later in Camden, New Jersey. In both cases they were replaced with bigger new forces that covered local counties. What's the latest on the protests? Demonstrators gathered again on Sunday in US cities including Washington DC, New York, and Los Angeles - where a local broadcaster estimated 20,000 people had rallied down Hollywood Boulevard. Republican Senator Mitt Romney tweeted pictures of himself marching towards the White House with Christian protesters, with the caption "Black Lives Matter." The protests were mostly peaceful, and security measures across the US were lifted as unrest started to ease. However, Seattle Police Department said a man drove a car into a demonstration there on Sunday night, before shooting and wounding a 27-year-old bystander. The UK also saw sizeable weekend protests in support of Black Lives Matter, with demonstrations in cities including London, Manchester, Cardiff, Leicester and Sheffield. Protesters in London knelt for a minute's silence before chanting "no justice, no peace". In Australia, tens of thousands joined anti-racism protests in Brisbane, Melbourne, Hobart, Adelaide and elsewhere, despite warnings from officials over the coronavirus.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে জর্জ ফ্লয়েড হত্যার জেরে আলোচনায় আসা মিনিয়াপোলিসের স্থানীয় কাউন্সিল সদস্যরা সেখানকার পুলিশ বিভাগই ভেঙ্গে দেয়ার কথা বলেছেন, যাকে চলমান আন্দোলনের বড় অর্জন মনে করা হচ্ছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Laleh Shahravesh, 55, was arrested at a Dubai airport after flying there to attend her former husband's funeral. She faces prosecution over two Facebook comments she posted on pictures of her husband remarrying in 2016. Ms Shahravesh's 14-year-old daughter, Paris, has written to Dubai's ruler asking for her mother's release. The Foreign Office said it was supporting the mother-of-one. Ms Shahravesh was married to her ex-husband for 18 years, during which time she lived in the United Arab Emirates for eight months, according to the campaign group Detained in Dubai. While she returned to the UK with her daughter, her husband stayed in the United Arab Emirates, and the couple got divorced. Ms Shahravesh discovered her ex-husband was remarrying when she saw photos of the new couple on Facebook. She posted two comments in Farsi, including one that said: "I hope you go under the ground you idiot. Damn you. You left me for this horse." Under the UAE's cyber-crime laws, a person can be jailed or fined for making defamatory statements on social media. Detained in Dubai said Ms Shahravesh could be sentenced to up to two years in prison or fined £50,000, despite the fact the 55-year-old wrote the Facebook posts while in the UK. The organisation said Ms Shahravesh's ex-husband's new wife, who lives in Dubai, had reported the comments. It said Ms Shahravesh and her daughter flew to the UAE on 10 March to attend the funeral of their husband and father, who had died of a heart attack. At the time of her arrest, Ms Shahravesh was with her daughter Paris, who later had to fly home on her own, it added. In a letter to to the ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid al-Maktoum, Paris said her mother had been forced to sign a statement by police that was "written in Arabic, which she did not understand". She added: "I cannot emphasise enough how scared I felt, especially after losing my father just a week before, as I was having to worry about losing my mother as well." Closing the letter, she wrote: "I ask kindly: please, please return my mother's passport, and let her come home." 'Quite vindictive' The chief executive of Detained in Dubai, Radha Stirling, told BBC News that both her organisation and the Foreign Office (FCO) had asked the complainant to withdraw the allegation, but she had refused. The decision "seems quite vindictive really", she added. Ms Stirling said her client had been bailed, but her passport had been confiscated and she was currently living in a hotel. She said Ms Shahravesh was "absolutely distraught" and it was going to take her a long time to recover from her ordeal. Her daughter was "very upset" and had "been through really what you would call hell", she said. "All she wants is to be reunited with her mother," Ms Stirling added. The 14-year-old was putting together an appeal in her mother's case, Ms Stirling said. She added that "no-one would really be aware" of the severity of cyber-crime laws in the UAE, and the FCO had failed to adequately warn tourists about them. The FCO said in a statement: "Our staff are supporting a British woman and her family following her detention in the UAE. "We are in contact with the UAE authorities regarding her case."

সাবেক স্বামী আবার বিয়ে করার সময় ফেসবুকে সেই স্ত্রীকে 'ঘোড়া' বলে গালি দেওয়ায় এক ব্রিটিশ নারীকে দুবাইয়ে কারাদণ্ড দেওয়া হয়েছে বলে জানা গেছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Joao Fellet & Charlotte PammentBBC Brasil The protected areas include national forests and land reserved for indigenous peoples. Some of the plots listed via Facebook's classified ads service are as large as 1,000 football pitches. Facebook said it was "ready to work with local authorities", but indicated it would not take independent action of its own to halt the trade. "Our commerce policies require buyers and sellers to comply with laws and regulations," the Californian tech firm added. The leader of one of the indigenous communities affected has urged the tech firm to do more. And campaigners have claimed the country's government is unwilling to halt the sales. "The land invaders feel very empowered to the point that they are not ashamed of going on Facebook to make illegal land deals," said Ivaneide Bandeira, head of environmental NGO Kanindé. No certificates Anyone can find the illegally invaded plots by typing the Portuguese equivalents for search terms like "forest", "native jungle" and "timber" into Facebook Marketplace's search tool, and picking one of the Amazonian states as the location. Some of the listings feature satellite images and GPS co-ordinates. Many of the sellers openly admit they do not have a land title, the only document which proves ownership of land under Brazilian law. The illegal activity is being fuelled by Brazil's cattle ranching industry. 'No risk' Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon is at a 10-year high, and Facebook's Marketplace has become a go-to site for sellers like Fabricio Guimarães, who was filmed by a hidden camera. "There's no risk of an inspection by state agents here," he said as he walked through a patch of rainforest he had burnt to the ground. With the land illegally cleared and ready for farming, he had tripled his initial asking price to $35,000 (£25,000). Fabricio is not a farmer. He has steady middle-class job in a city, and views the rainforest as being an investment opportunity. The BBC later contacted Fabricio for his response to its investigation but he declined to comment. Going undercover Many of the ads came from Rondônia, the most deforested state in Brazil's rainforest region. The BBC arranged meetings between four sellers from the state and an undercover operative posing as a lawyer claiming to represent wealthy investors. One man, called Alvim Souza Alves, was trying to sell a plot inside the Uru Eu Wau Wau indigenous reserve for about £16,400 in local currency. It is the home to a community of more than 200 Uru Eu Wau Wau people. And at least five further groups that have had no contact with the outside world also live there, according to the Brazilian government. But at the meeting, Mr Alves claimed: "There are no Indians [sic] there. From where my land is, they are 50km [31 miles] away. I am not going to tell you that at one time or another they are not walking around." The BBC showed the Facebook ad to community leader Bitaté Uru Eu Wau Wau. He said the lot was in an area used by his community to hunt, fish and collect fruits. "This is a lack of respect," he said. "I don't know these people. I think their objective is to deforest the indigenous land, to deforest what is standing. To deforest our lives, you could say." He said the authorities should intervene, and also urged Facebook - "the most accessed social media platform" - to take action of its own. Changed status Another factor driving the illegal land market is the expectation of amnesty. Mr Alves revealed he was working with others to lobby politicians to help them legally own stolen land. "I'll tell you the truth: if this is not solved with [President] Bolsonaro there, it won't be solved anymore," he said of the current government. A common strategy is to deforest the land and then plead with politicians to abolish its protected status, on the basis it no longer serves its original purpose. The land grabbers can then officially buy the plots from the government, thereby legalising their claims. Mr Alves took the BBC's undercover reporter to meet a man he described as the leader of the Curupira Association. Brazil's federal police have described the group as being an illegal land-grabbing operation focused on invading indigenous territory. The two men told the reporter that high-profile politicians were helping them set up meetings with government agencies in the capital Brasília. They said their main ally was congressman Colonel Chrisóstomo, a member of the Social Liberal Party, which Mr Bolsonaro used to be a member of until he founded his own party in 2019. When contacted by the BBC, Colonel Chrisóstomo acknowledged having helped arrange meetings, but said he did not know the group was involved in land invasions. "They didn't tell me," he said. "If they invaded [the land], they don't have my support anymore." When asked if he regretted setting up the meetings, he said: "No." The BBC contacted Mr Alves for his response but he declined to comment. The BBC also approached Brazil's Minister of the Environment, Ricardo Salles. He said: "President Jair Bolsonaro's government has always made it clear that his is a zero-tolerance government for any crime, including environmental ones." The government has cut the inspections budget for Ibama, the federal agency that in charge of regulating deforestation, by 40%. But Mr Salles said the coronavirus pandemic had hampered law enforcement in the Amazon, and that state governments also bore responsibility for the deforestation. "This year the government has created operation Verde Brasil 2, which seeks to control illegal deforestation, illegal fires, and to join efforts between the federal government and the states," he added. However Raphael Bevilaquia, a federal prosecutor based in Rondônia, said the situation had worsened under the current government. "The situation is really desperate," he said. "The executive power is playing against us. It's disheartening." For its part, Facebook claims trying to deduce which sales are illegal would be too complex a task for it to carry out itself, and should be left to the local judiciary and other authorities. And it does not appear to see the issue as being serious enough to warrant halting all Marketplace land sales across the Amazon. Ivaneide Bandeira, who has been trying to combat deforestation in the state of Rondônia for 30 years, said she was losing hope. "I think this is a very hard battle. It is really painful to see the forest being destroyed and shrinking more and more," she said. "Never, in any other moment in history, has it been so hard to keep the forest standing." Our World: Selling the Amazon will be broadcast on BBC World News at 2330 GMT, and on the BBC News Channel this Saturday and Sunday at 2130 GMT. It will also be available on iPlayer.

ব্রাজিলে আমাজনের উষ্ণমণ্ডলীয় বনভূমির কিছু অংশ অবৈধভাবে ফেসবুকে বিক্রি করা হচ্ছে বলে বিবিসি জানতে পেরেছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The only exception was on a cruise liner docked in Japan, where 44 new cases were reported, bringing the total there to 218. There was also no major shift in the coronavirus's pattern of mortality or severity, according to the WHO. The latest figures show 121 new deaths in China, bringing the total to 1,380. The total infections jumped by 5,090 to 63,851 cases on 13 February, the National Health Commission said on Friday. Health officials said six health workers were among those who had died, and that 1,716 health workers had been infected. The fatalities include Li Wenliang, a doctor who tried to alert authorities to the virus early on but was accused by police of "spreading rumours. His death on 7 February provoked a burst of public anger and grief. The latest figures from Hubei recorded 116 deaths and 4,823 new cases. That is a smaller increase than the previous day when there was a spike with 240 new deaths and nearly 15,000 new cases. However, most of this was down to Hubei using a broader definition to diagnose people, said Mike Ryan, head of WHO's health emergencies programme. "This does not represent a significant change in the trajectory of the outbreak," he said. Outside China there had been two deaths and 447 cases in 24 countries, he said. On Thursday Japan announced its first coronavirus death - a woman in her 80s who lived in Kanagawa, south-west of Tokyo. The woman's diagnosis was confirmed after her death and she had no obvious link to China's Hubei province, the epicentre of the outbreak, Japanese media reported. On Thursday, the US state department said it was "deeply concerned" about the possible effect of an outbreak in North Korea, which has so far not reported any cases. What is happening on the Diamond Princess? The vessel is in quarantine in Yokohama. Not all the 3,700 people on board have been tested yet. People with the virus are taken to hospitals on land to be treated, while those on board are largely confined to their cabins. However on Thursday Japan said it would allow those aged 80 or over who have tested negative for the coronavirus to disembark. Health Minister Katsunobu Kato said they could be allowed off the ship as early as Friday but would have to stay in accommodation provided by the government, the Japan Times reported. Meanwhile another cruise ship - the MS Westerdam - carrying more than 2,000 people docked in Cambodia after being turned away by ports in Japan, Taiwan, Guam, the Philippines and Thailand despite having no sick patients on board. What's behind the Hubei spike? Until Wednesday's increases, the number of people with the virus in Hubei was stabilising. The new cases and deaths in the province have pushed the national death toll above 1,350 with almost 60,000 infections in total. White House economic advisor Larry Kudlow said there had been "surprise" in the US at the new cases. "We're a little disappointed in the lack of transparency coming from the Chinese, these numbers are jumping around," he said. China sacked two top officials in Hubei province hours after the new figures were revealed. Mr Ryan, from the WHO, said the spike reflected a change in the way cases were diagnosed and many were days or weeks old. Only Hubei province - which accounts for more than 80% of overall Chinese infections - is using the new definition to diagnose new cases. In other developments: Read more about the coronavirus and its impact SHOULD WE WORRY? Our health correspondent explains YOUR QUESTIONS: Can you get it more than once? WHAT YOU CAN DO: Do masks really help? UNDERSTANDING THE SPREAD: A visual guide to the outbreak Are you in Hubei? Or do you have information to share? Get in touch by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways:

বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা (ডব্লিউএইচও) বলছে, হুবেই প্রদেশে করোনাভাইরাসে আক্রান্ত হওয়ার সংখ্যা বাড়লেও চীনের বাইরে আক্রান্তের সংখ্যা উল্লেখযোগ্য হারে বৃদ্ধি পাচ্ছে না।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Jann Tipping, 34, and Annalan Navaratnam, 30, tied the knot in the Grade II listed chapel at London's St Thomas' Hospital. Guests were able to enjoy their special day remotely as one of the witnesses live-streamed the service. The couple said they decided to hold it "while everyone was still healthy". Ms Tipping and Mr Navaratnam had cancelled their original plans to wed in August because they feared their families would not be able to travel safely from Northern Ireland and Sri Lanka for the day. Instead, the couple, from Tulse Hill in south London, decided to bring the wedding forward and got a special go-ahead for a private wedding ceremony. Ms Tipping, an ambulatory emergency nurse, said they "wanted to make sure we could celebrate while we were all still able to even if it meant our loved ones having to watch us on a screen". She described the wedding on 24 April as "intimate" and "lovely", but added it felt "surreal" getting married where they both work. Mr Navaratnam, an acute medical registrar who has been working at St Thomas' for a year, said they were "so happy that we have been able to commit ourselves to one another". A virtual drinks reception, including a first dance and speeches, was hosted by the newlyweds. Reverend Mia Hilborn, who held the service, said she was "thrilled to be part of it". After hearing about the wedding, Health Secretary Matt Hancock tweeted: "This is lovely."

করোনাভাইরাসের কারণে একবার বিয়ের অনুষ্ঠান বাতিল করতে হয়েছিল এক চিকিৎসক আর এক নার্সের। পরে আবার সেই তারিখ এগিয়ে নিয়ে এসে যে যেখানে কাজ করেন সেই হাসপাতালেই বিয়ে করলেন এই যুগল।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Heather ChenBBC News, Singapore The nun was Sister Gerard Fernandez and the prisoner Tan Mui Choo, a former student of hers who had been sentenced to death over one of the most brutal murders the country had ever seen. She knew her as Catherine, a "sweet, simple girl" who came from a devout family and attended convent school. Tan, along with her husband Adrian Lim and his mistress Hoe Kah Hong, were convicted of the ritualistic killing of two young children. "She made a grave mistake," says the softly-spoken nun, now 81. "I was saddened when I first heard the news but I knew I had to see her." For years Sister Gerard would visit Tan in prison, often spending long nights with her in prayer. The process, she said, allowed them to reconnect and build a deeper understanding. "I was there to support Catherine and she knew she could talk to me," she says. "I think that freed her from her mental prison." The nun was there until the end on 25 November 1988 - the morning of Tan's execution. "Every person is worth more than the worst they have done," the nun says. "No matter one's sins, everyone deserves a death with dignity." On her last morning, Tan wore a blue dress with a sash and matching shoes. "She was very calm," Sister Gerard recalls. The two women held hands on that final walk to the gallows. She sang out Tan's favourite hymn 'How Great Thou Art' as she entered the hanging chamber. "I heard her walk up the spiral staircase and felt the lever when it was pulled. The trap door opened and that was when I knew Catherine was gone." Located in Singapore's north-east is a sprawling high-security prison complex, a short drive away from its world-famous airport. It houses the country's most serious criminal offenders and serves as a detention site for prisoners on death row. Tan Mui Choo was one of 18 inmates who Sister Gerard Fernandez walked with to the gallows. "A death sentence isn't something one readily accepts," she said. "It takes time for a person to accept their fate and there will naturally be a lot of pain." Sister Gerard continued her work with prisoners for the next 40 years. She believes it was part of her calling. "Death row inmates need a lot of mental, emotional and spiritual support," she said. "I wanted to help them understand that with forgiveness and healing, they would then be able to go to a better place." 'When I see God I will tell him all about you' Years later another convict approached Sister Gerard after seeing her from his cell. "He said my presence brought him comfort," she recalled. He asked to see her the day before he was to be hanged. Sister Gerard considers it "the greatest privilege" to walk with inmates on death row. "For someone to share their deepest sorrows and allow me into their hearts during their final moments is love and trust at the highest level," she said. She remembers his last words: "I am going to see God in the morning and when I do, I will tell him all about you." The Singapore Prison Service, which runs 14 prisons and drug rehabilitation centres, said support was "integral to the rehabilitation and reintegration of inmates". "Sister Gerard Fernandez served as a volunteer [with us] for 40 years," a spokesperson told the BBC. "Her dedication, passion and sacrifice continue to inspire all of us, as well as many others who give their time and effort to support inmates and their families." To many, it would have been a very different picture without Sister Gerard. Speaking on condition of anonymity, the mother of a drug trafficker said the nun was a positive influence in her late son's life. "Sister Gerard never judged him or gave up," she said, adding that she saw a huge change in his attitude. "His anger and resentment transformed into acceptance and remorse." The elderly cleaner added: "She was very kind and was also there for me when I did not know what to do or how to feel." The death penalty remains a controversial and divisive topic in Singapore. The wealthy South East Asian city-state prides itself on its safe reputation and low crime rate. While Singapore's government passed changes to capital punishment laws in 2012, official prison statistics show that 13 people were executed in 2018 - the highest figure in recent years. Public polls also show strong support for harsh laws. "There is generally high public support for the death penalty," said Singaporean Kirsten Han who co-founded the group We Believe in Second Chances, which actively campaigns for prisoners on death row. "The death penalty is portrayed as a deterrent to crime," Ms Han said. "There is plenty of conditioning that leads Singaporeans to support such hard laws but very little open debate and information that reaches the wider public." You may also be interested in... Human Rights Watch condemns the death penalty unreservedly. "It is inherently cruel and blatantly violates international human rights norms," its Asia Deputy Director Phil Robertson said. "The ruling People's Action Party in Singapore is not above using capital punishment [even as] more and more nations abolish the death penalty every year. "There is just no acceptable rationale for a government putting someone to death." Perhaps unsurprisingly, Sister Gerard Fernandez herself opposes the death penalty because "it takes away life". "All life is precious," she says. "I respect our laws but I hope to see the death penalty abolished some day." 100 Women What is 100 Women? BBC 100 Women names 100 influential and inspirational women around the world every year and shares their stories. In 2019, the BBC recognised Sister Gerard Fernandez's work with death row inmates by nominating her for the list. It's been a year of huge change around the globe, so in 2019 BBC 100 Women is asking: what could the future look like in 2030?. Find us on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter and use #100Women

উনিশশো একাশি সালে সিঙ্গাপুরের একজন ক্যাথলিক সন্ন্যাসিনী মৃত্যুদণ্ড পাওয়া এক নারী কয়েদির সাথে চিঠি বিনিময় শুরু করেন। এই পত্রালাপ চলতে থাকে পরবর্তী সাত বছর ধরে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Jonathan HeadSouth East Asia correspondent Malaysia has a new prime minister after a week of unprecedented political turmoil and uncertainty. Muhyiddin Yassin is an unassuming career politician who was ejected from the then-government party Umno in 2016. He joined forces with political heavyweights Mahathir Mohammad and Anwar Ibrahim to form a multi-party, multi-ethnic coalition called Pakatan Harapan (PH). Together they rode a wave of public anger over corruption to inflict the first-ever election defeat on the Umno-led coalition Barisan Nasional (BN). But the events of the past week - in which Mr Muhyiddin brought down the government by defecting with more than 30 MPs, and forming an alliance with his old party - have been a shattering blow to those who saw the 2018 election as a watershed, a new beginning for the country. "I am sorry for failing you. I tried. I really tried to stop them", tweeted Syed Saddiq, a telegenic young Malay politician whose stunning victory in a Johor seat in 2018 was seen as emblematic of the hunger for change. A member of Mr Muhyiddin's party, Syed Saddiq, is refusing to join him in working with Umno. There have been protests against what is being called a "backdoor government". "This is utter betrayal," said lawyer and activist Fadya Nadwa Fikri. "People didn't vote for this." Pakatan was an eclectic coalition, bringing together the reformist Keadilan party of Anwar Ibrahim, the main ethnic Chinese party, the DAP, and two anti-Umno Malay parties, Amanah and Bersatu. The last was led by Mahathir Mohamad, the veteran former prime minister whose backing was crucial to reassuring ethnic Malays that it was safe to abandon the ruling party. Pakatan was also supported by a network of civil society organisations which had been campaigning for years against corruption and abuses of power. Right up to polling day on 9 May 2018 they could not be sure they would succeed in dislodging Barisan. But there was a tangible sense of excitement, of possibilities. Mr Mahathir had campaigned wittily on the theme of then-prime minister Najib Razak and his wife Rosmah as a pair of thieves. The rising cost of living, and in particular an unpopular sales tax, played into the hands of the opposition. And the Malay vote, normally reliably pro-government, was split three ways, between Pakatan, Barisan and the Islamic party PAS. When I encountered people at polling stations showing me their Umno veterans' cards, but telling me they were voting for the opposition, it seemed momentum was moving that way. There was jubilation when Mr Najib conceded the next day. He was the first prime minister from his party to lose an election. So what went wrong for the Pakatan government? It was always going to be an uneasy coalition. Mr Mahathir and Anwar Ibrahim had a tortuous history going back 30 years. Mr Anwar, at one time Mr Mahathir's protégé and designated successor, blames him for his first five-year term in prison. The two men eventually reconciled and agreed that Mahathir Mohamad, who led the election campaign, would be prime minister if they won, but hand over to Anwar Ibrahim after two years. But exactly how and when that would happen was left unsaid. There were other personality clashes, and differences over how the coalition would deal with an increasingly harsh economic climate. "We have the same problem of dissatisfaction as we see in many countries," says Ibrahim Suffian, from the Merdeka Centre for Opinion Research. "We have economic growth, but wages have not caught up with the cost of living, particularly among the Malay population, particularly among the young. "The economy is not generating enough jobs that pay well. That was the challenge the coalition faced, because when they entered government they found that most of the cupboards were bare, and that they had enormous debts that they had to deal with." Malaysia has been defined by ethnic politics since independence in 1957, and the creation of a Malaysian federation in 1963. Ethnic Malays make up just over half the population; so called "bumiputera", which include other indigenous groups on the Malay peninsular and on Borneo, make up about 68%. The largest and most successful minority are the Chinese, who migrated to Malaysia during British colonial rule. Race riots in 1969 persuaded the government that policies favouring bumiputera, and in particular Malays, were essential. Umno defined itself as the party that looked after the Malays, who tended to be economically less successful than the Chinese. Mahathir Mohamad's 22-year rule in the 1980s and 90s was marked by generous pro-Malay projects, funded by impressive export-led growth. The downside was rising cronyism and corruption. But Malays still expect government largesse. It was partly the fear that the Pakatan government, with a large Chinese component, would cut back on that generosity, that has eroded its support among Malays. A quick trip to a low-income neighbourhood in Gombak, just outside Kuala Lumpur, illustrated this disenchantment. Here the futuristic highways and high-rises around the city centre give way to drab concrete apartment blocks and rows of small workshops and car-repair garages. Mohammad Amin, who is building a small café, told me he and his neighbours felt ethnic Malays were not being taken care of as well as in the past. Muhammad Tarmizi described poorer people in the area as being unable to meet the cost of their most basic daily needs. This government is not looking out for kampung - village - folk, for the Malays, he said. Although Umno's reputation was badly damaged by the revelations about huge sums of money that went missing in the 1MDB financial scandal, some of it ending up in Mr Najib's personal bank account, the party has been quick to exploit public disappointment over the state of the economy. So it's little surprise that Pakatan has now lost five out of the last six by-elections. In one contest, in the strategic state of Johor, PH saw its vote drop by more than half. The crisis broke over the succession. Anwar Ibrahim and his supporters pressed Mr Mahathir for a date, suggesting the two-year anniversary of the election in May. The prime minister refused to be drawn. Mr Anwar's camp backed off, leaving the decision with Dr Mahathir. But the growing tension within the coalition persuaded Mr Muhyiddin to break away and team up with the other side. As with every previous crisis in the past 40 years there was an overriding assumption - inside and outside Malaysia - that whatever happened, Mahathir Mohamad, the master manipulator, was pulling the strings, exploiting every twist in a bewilderingly fast-moving drama to ensure he came out on top. When he stunned the country by tendering his resignation, many of the political factions rushed out to express their support for him to stay in the job. Even Mr Anwar assured his supporters that, contrary to rumour, Mr Mahathir had not been behind what he was calling a coup against the coalition. But by the end of the week it was clear that the 94 year-old maestro had miscalculated. Malaysia's constitutional monarch, King Abdullah, whose role it is to invite a candidate to form a new government, declared that Mr Muhyiddin had the numbers, and would be sworn in as the country's eighth prime minister. Mr Mahathir has challenged this and could try to bring the new government down once parliament meets again. But incumbency, and the blessing of a revered monarch, are powerful assets for Mr Muhyiddin, which will certainly attract waverers to his side. "The King cannot make political decisions," says Mustafa Izzuddin at the National University of Singapore. "But he can play the role of honest broker, bringing the warring sides together. Even then it is unprecedented for a king to do so in Malaysia. "But Malaysian politics are in uncharted waters, so revolutionary methods may have been necessary. And the King may have seen Muhyiddin as the most trustworthy and steady of the candidates." It is worth recalling too that Mr Mahathir has a history of conflict with Malaysia's sultans, something that may have been a factor in the King's choice. Back in 1983 and 1993 he pressed for constitutional changes that imposed limits on royal power. "In the earlier crisis the role of leading royal resistance to Mahathir was played by the then-Sultan of Pahang, the current king's father," says Clive Kessler at the University of New South Wales. "Memories and resentments linger on and are not easily forgotten or set aside." So after less than two years in opposition, Umno is back in power. There are understandable fears that the investigations and trials of Mr Najib, who is still a significant and visible party figure, will be shelved. Mr Anwar, the man who believed he was destined to be prime minister back in the 1990s, and believed he was promised the job this year, has once again been thwarted. His repeated career setbacks, over more than two decades, might have come from the plot of one of the Shakespeare tragedies that he read to pass the time while he was serving his two terms in prison. And Mr Mahathir, one of the most remarkable political survivors of modern times, appears to have run out of road. As he absorbed the shock of finding himself outmanoeuvred, his wife of 63 years Siti Hasmah put her arms around his waist, in a fierce, protective hug, perhaps hoping that now, a little before his 95th birthday, he might finally retire.

মালয়েশিয়ায় ষাট বছর ক্ষমতায় থাকা একটি দলকে নির্বাচনে হটিয়ে সরকার গঠনের ঘটনাকে বলা হচ্ছিল অভূতপূর্ব এক ঐতিহাসিক সন্ধিক্ষণ। কিন্তু দুই বছরের মধ্যেই নতুন সেই জোট সরকারের পতন হল এবং পুরনো দলটি আবার ক্ষমতাসীন। জয়ের মাধ্যমে যে জোট এতটা আশার সঞ্চার করেছিলো এত দ্রুত কেন তাদের পতন হল?

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Gary NunnSydney Long before Australia was invaded and colonised by Europeans, fire management techniques - known as "cultural burns" - were being practised. The cool-burning, knee-high blazes were designed to happen continuously and across the landscape. The fires burn up fuel like kindling and leaf detritus, meaning a natural bushfire has less to devour. Since Australia's fire crisis began last year, calls for better reintegration of this technique have grown louder. But it should have happened sooner, argues one Aboriginal knowledge expert. "The bush needs to burn," says Shannon Foster. She's a knowledge keeper for the D'harawal people - relaying information passed on by her elders - and an Aboriginal Knowledge lecturer at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS). Much of the ancestral information she shares relates to the bush, says Ms Foster. "It's the concept of maintaining country - central to everything we do as Aboriginal people. It's about what we can give back to country; not just what we can take from it." 'Naive' techniques of today Country is personified within Aboriginal culture. "The earth is our mother. She keeps us alive," Ms Foster says. This relationship shifts priorities around precautionary burning. While modern-day authorities do carry out hazard reduction burning, focusing on protecting lives and property, Ms Foster says it's "clearly not working". "The current controlled burns destroy everything. It's a naive way to practise fire management, and it isn't hearing the Indigenous people who know the land best. "Whereas cultural burning protects the environment holistically. We're interested in looking after country, over property and assets. "We can't eat, drink or breathe assets. Without country, we have nothing." Indigenous cultural burns work within the rhythms of the environment, attracting marsupials and mammals which Aboriginal people could hunt. "Cool burning replenishes the earth and enhances biodiversity - the ash fertilises and the potassium encourages flowering. It's a complex cycle based on cultural, spiritual and scientific knowledge." They also create a mosaic of ecologies, Ms Foster says, and this can lead to beneficial micro-climates. "Soft burning encourages rain - it warms the environment to a particular atmospheric level, and once the warm and the cool meet, condensation - rain - occurs, helping mitigate fires." Her Aboriginal elders in Sydney have been assessing the overgrown bush and extremely dry kindling for some time, warning that a huge fire is coming: "They compared it to a kid with unkempt hair, saying it needs nurturing." But local authorities have forbidden them from cultural burning when they've asked for permission. Where cultural burning is used There's no one-size-fits-all approach to precautionary burning because the Australian landscape is so diverse from place to place. Nonetheless, some states do integrate cultural burning with other strategies, according to Dr Richard Thornton, CEO of the Bushfire and Natural Hazards Cooperative Research Centre. "There's a stark difference in northern Australia, where Indigenous cultural burning happens substantially. In southern states, it's sometimes done according to the needs and wishes of local communities." Since Australia was colonised in 1788, cultural burning was slowly eradicated. But recent years have seen moves to reintegrate it. Associate Prof Noel Preece, a former national parks ranger, wrote the first fire manual for central Australian park reserves. He says cultural burning is still practised in parts of Melbourne, but largely stopped in south-eastern Australia because vegetation built up in "precarious areas" where cool burns don't work. "That said, Indigenous people had extremely detailed knowledge of 'dirty country' that needs a good burn," says Associate Prof Preece, now of James Cook University. Drawbacks of the ancient practice Cultural burning, Prof Preece says, can reduce fuel on the ground from 10 tons to 1 ton. But it's only effective protection for moderate fires, so it needs to be done in conjunction with hazard reduction burns. Even then, it only reduces hazards: "With the recent catastrophic conditions of humidity and high winds, nothing could stop these fires." "Aboriginal people were taken off their country so there's a re-learning process which is very useful and important. But it's still early days and by itself, it's not enough," he says. Experts agree that cultural burning has limitations, partly because colonisation led to development and human-created climate change, presenting us with a very different landscape now to hundreds of years ago. Prof Preece has been in areas where, day after day, the conditions for cooler cultural burning weren't right. "It'd be too moist, too cool, too hot, too dry - you have a narrow window. And with many firefighters in Australia being volunteers, they're working during the week, and you could go four Saturdays till the conditions are right." For thicker shrub running up tree canopies, he says a hot burn is required because cool burns won't get rid of such layers of fuel. In addition, Dr Thornton says individual Indigenous burns, undertaken by specific agencies such as Firesticks, absolutely have their place, but need to fit within community expectations if done on a larger scale by others. "We need to ensure fire doesn't escape and burn down somebody's property. It'd undermine community views of the entire practice so we need to ensure we operate within a safety framework which is defendable." The way forward Prime Minister Scott Morrison has promised a "comprehensive" inquiry into the ongoing bushfire crisis which has so far killed 27 people and scorched more than 10 million hectares. When it goes ahead, Dr Thornton stresses the need to "talk to Indigenous elders in each different area and listen". But he says not a single Indigenous person sits on the board of the national bushfire research centre he manages. Shannon Foster is keen to work together with government agencies, but she worries about expanding development: "It terrifies me that so much land has been decimated, developers could move in and say we might as well put this estate here; the land is cleared." "Aboriginal people have looked after this place for so long - to see it now destroyed because nobody has allowed us to care for it is devastating," she adds. "It's not like we didn't tell you so."

হাজার হাজার বছর ধরে অস্ট্রেলিয়ার আদিবাসীরা এই জমিতে আগুন ধরিয়ে এসেছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The president placed personal political interests "above the national interests of the United States", it states in a key report to House lawmakers. He did so by trying to "solicit foreign interference" from Ukraine to help his 2020 re-election bid, it says. The report is designed to lay out the case to remove Mr Trump from office. He denies any wrongdoing, and has described the inquiry as a witch-hunt. Before the draft report was released, the Republican president attacked the Democrat-led investigation as "very unpatriotic". Following publication, White House press secretary Stephanie Grisham said the Democrats "utterly failed to produce any evidence of wrongdoing" and that the report "reflects nothing more than their frustrations". The report now goes to the House Judiciary Committee, which will begin proceedings on Wednesday and consider formal impeachment charges against Mr Trump. What does the report say? The Trump-Ukraine Impeachment Inquiry Report was made public on Tuesday by the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. It says the inquiry "uncovered a months-long effort by President Trump to use the powers of his office to solicit foreign interference on his behalf in the 2020 election". "President Trump's scheme subverted US foreign policy toward Ukraine and undermined our national security in favour of two politically-motivated investigations that would help his presidential re-election campaign," it says. "The president demanded that the newly-elected Ukrainian President, Volodymyr Zelensky, publicly announce investigations into a political rival that he apparently feared the most, former Vice-President Joe Biden, and into a discredited theory that it was Ukraine, not Russia, that interfered in the 2016 presidential election." Evidence of misconduct is overwhelming "and so too is the evidence of his obstruction of Congress", the report says. Phone records shed new light Anyone who listened to Adam Schiff's extended, extemporaneous closing statement at the impeachment hearings two weeks ago probably wouldn't be surprised by the summary of the Intelligence Committee report released on Tuesday. Buried within the pages of the 300-page document, however, were some striking new details. The telecommunications company AT&T provided committee investigators with Rudy Giuliani's mobile phone records - and those records shed new light on the timing and breadth the communications Donald Trump's personal lawyer had with the White House. Starting in April of this year, Giuliani had multiple phone conversations with numbers listed for the White House and, in particular, the Office of Management and Budget - the government agency ultimately responsible for putting a hold on the congressionally authorised US military aid to Ukraine. While the details of these communications aren't known, their simple existence undercuts the contention of some presidential defenders that Giuliani was operating independently of senior administration officials. Multiple witnesses, including US Ambassador to the EU Gordan Sondland, have testified that Giuliani was directing them, at the behest of the president, to pressure Ukrainian officials to open investigations that would be politically advantageous for Mr Trump. Now the line between Giuliani and the White House has become more certain. What happens next? The intelligence committee voted 13 to 9, along party lines, on Tuesday to approve the report and send it to the House Judiciary Committee. The judiciary panel's hearings will begin with four constitutional scholars, who will explain how impeachment works. The White House has refused to participate in the hearings, citing a lack of "fairness". Among formal impeachment charges expected to be considered are abuse of power, obstruction of justice and contempt of Congress. Democrats are keen to hold a vote on impeachment in the House of Representatives before the end of the year, with the prospect of a trial in the Senate perhaps as early as January. Trump and impeachment What are Republicans saying? Before the draft report was made public, House Republicans released their own 123-page report that condemned the "unelected bureaucrats" who testified, saying they "fundamentally disagreed with President Trump's style, world view and decisions". The document accuses Democrats of "trying to undo the will of the American people" and argues that they have been trying to depose the president since his first day in office. "None of the Democrats' witnesses testified to having evidence of bribery, extortion, or any high crime or misdemeanours," it argues, in reference to the constitutional clause that permits the removal of a president. House Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff dismissed the Republican rebuttal, saying it was "intended for an audience of one", Mr Trump, and "ignores voluminous evidence "against him. In London, where he is attending the 70th anniversary of defence alliance Nato, Mr Trump slammed Mr Schiff by name, calling him "a maniac", "a very sick man" and "a deranged human being". What is Trump accused of? Democrats say Mr Trump dangled two bargaining chips to Ukraine - $400m (£309m) of military aid that had already been allocated by Congress, and a White House meeting for Mr Zelensky - to obtain the investigations. They think this political pressure on a vulnerable US ally amounts to an abuse of power. The first investigation Mr Trump wanted from Ukraine was into Mr Biden, his main Democratic challenger, and his son Hunter. Hunter joined the board of a Ukrainian energy company when Joe Biden was US vice-president. The second Trump demand was that Ukraine try to corroborate a conspiracy theory that Ukraine, not Russia, interfered in the last US presidential election. This theory has been widely debunked, and US intelligence agencies are unanimous in saying Moscow was behind the hacking of Democratic Party emails in 2016. How does impeachment work? Impeachment is the first part - the charges - of a two-stage political process by which Congress can remove a president from office. If, following the hearings, the House of Representatives votes to pass articles of impeachment, the Senate is forced to hold a trial. A Senate vote requires a two-thirds majority to convict and remove the president - unlikely in this case, given that Mr Trump's party controls the chamber. Only two US presidents in history - Bill Clinton and Andrew Johnson - have been impeached, but neither was convicted. President Richard Nixon resigned before he could be impeached. Learn more about the impeachment inquiry

'অসদাচরণের' ফলে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পকে ইমপিচ করার জন্য 'প্রবল' প্রমাণ মিলেছে বলে জানিয়েছে ইমপিচমেন্ট তদন্তকারী প্যানেল।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

In a letter to the UN, the US justified the killing of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani as an act of self-defence. Iran retaliated by firing missiles at airbases housing US forces in Iraq, causing no casualties. It also told the UN it was an act of self-defence. Gen Soleimani was widely regarded as Iran's second most powerful man. As head of the Revolutionary Guards' elite Quds Force, he was an architect of Iranian policy in the Middle East. Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei described the missile attacks as a "slap in the face" for the US, and called for an end to the American presence in the region. On Thursday the Revolutionary Guards' aerospace commander, Amir Ali Hajizadeh, said the missile strikes were the beginning of an operation that would continue. They had not been intended kill US troops, state TV quoted him as saying, but instead were aimed at damaging US military operations. Tehran had "used cyber-attacks to disable US plane and drone navigation systems" during the missile strikes, he said. What do the letters say? In a letter to the UN Security Council, US ambassador to the UN Kelly Craft said the US was ready to negotiate "with the goal of preventing further endangerment of international peace and security or escalation by the Iranian regime". The killing of Soleimani was justified, the letter argued, under Article 51 of the UN Charter, which requires states to "immediately report" to the Security Council any measures taken in exercising the right of self-defence. The US would take additional action "as necessary" in the Middle East to protect its personnel and interests, the letter added. But Iran's UN ambassador Majid Takht Ravanchi said the US offer of talks was "unbelievable" while the US continued to enforce harsh economic sanctions against Iran. US President Donald Trump has previously offered to hold talks with Iran without preconditions - and to meet President Hassan Rouhani. In September, Ayatollah Khamenei said Iran would never engage in bilateral talks, saying it was part of America's policy "to put pressure on Iran". Ayatollah Khamenei said that if the US rejoined a landmark nuclear deal it withdrew from in 2018, it could take part in multilateral talks with Iran and the other parties to the deal. Iran also cited Article 51 as justification for its attack on US bases. In the Iranian letter, Mr Ravanchi wrote that Tehran "does not seek escalation or war" after exercising its right to self-defence by taking a "measured and proportionate military response targeting an American airbase in Iraq". What did Trump say about the Iranian strikes? Mr Trump has previously threatened military action against Iran if it were to target US personnel and bases, but the US president did not announce any military action, saying Iran's attack had caused no casualties. "No Americans were harmed in last night's attack by the Iranian regime," he said. "Iran appears to be standing down, which is a good thing for all parties concerned," he added. The US House of Representatives is expected to vote on Thursday on a resolution to force Mr Trump to halt further military action against Iran unless Congress gives it the all-clear. "Members of Congress have serious, urgent concerns about the administration's decision to engage in hostilities against Iran and about its lack of strategy moving forward," Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the House, said in a statement. What happened in the missile attacks? It was the most direct assault by Iran on the US since the seizing of the US embassy in Tehran in 1979. A total of 16 missiles were launched from at least three sites in Iran at about 02:00 local time on Wednesday (22:30 GMT on Tuesday), Defence Secretary Mark Esper said. At least 11 of them struck the air base in Al Asad, west of Baghdad, and at least one more hit the Irbil base, he said. Several other missiles landed at some distance from the targets. US Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Mark Milley said he believed early warning systems had prevented casualties. "[What] I believe, based on what I saw and what I know, is that they were intended to cause structural damage, destroy vehicles and equipment and aircraft, and to kill personnel," he said. How did we get here? Tensions between Tehran and Washington began rising in 2018 after President Trump pulled the US out of a landmark nuclear deal between Iran and world powers. The accord was intended to curb Iran's nuclear programme and prevent it from acquiring nuclear weapons. Mr Trump wanted a new deal that would also curb Iran's ballistic missile programme and its involvement in regional conflicts. The US also re-imposed sanctions on Iran, sending its economy into freefall. Soleimani's assassination on 3 January followed a sharp escalation between the US, Iran and Iran-backed groups in Iraq sparked by the death of a US military contractor in a missile attack on a US base - for which the US held Iran responsible. The US responded with air strikes against the Iran-backed militia Kataib Hezbollah. Militia supporters then attacked the US embassy in Baghdad. Soleimani was regarded as a terrorist by the US government, which says he was responsible for the deaths of hundreds of American troops and was plotting "imminent" attacks. The US has not provided evidence of this. Iran vowed "severe revenge" for his death. Millions of Iranians turned out for the commander's funeral, with mourners chanting "death to America" and "death to Trump". A stampede at the funeral in Soleimani's hometown, Kerman, killed 50 people and injured 200 more on Tuesday. The US strike on Soleimani also killed members of Iran-backed Iraqi militias, who have also vowed revenge. However, US Vice-President Mike Pence told CBS News that "intelligence" indicated that Iran had asked its allied militias not to attack US targets.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্র বলছে তারা ইরানের সাথে কোন শর্ত ছাড়াই আলোচনা করতে প্রস্তুত আছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

"I do think that we're going to see President Trump returning to social media in probably about two or three months," Jason Miller told Fox News. He said the platform "will be the hottest ticket in social media" and would "completely redefine the game". Mr Trump was suspended from Twitter and Facebook after January's deadly riots at the US Capitol in Washington DC. The attack on 6 January by Trump supporters saw five people including a police officer killed, and shook the foundations of American democracy. Several days later, Twitter said Mr Trump's account - @realDonaldTrump - was "permanently suspended... due to the risk of further incitement of violence". Mr Trump used Twitter as a way, for more than 10 years, to bypass the traditional media and speak directly to voters. The former president had nearly 90 million followers on the social platform. Do we know what platform Mr Trump wants to use? Not really. Mr Miller provided no details on this, saying only that "everybody is going to be waiting and watching to see what exactly President Trump does". The adviser said Mr Trump had already had "high-powered meetings" with various teams regarding the venture at his Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida. "Numerous companies" had already approached the former president, Mr Miller said. "This new platform is going to be big," he added, predicting that Mr Trump would draw "tens of millions of people". Why was Trump banned? Mr Trump was initially locked out of his Twitter account for 12 hours in January after he called the people who stormed the US Capitol "patriots". Hundreds of his supporters entered the complex as the US Congress attempted to certify Joe Biden's victory in last year's presidential election. Twitter warned then it would ban Mr Trump "permanently" if he breached the platform's rules again. After being allowed back on Twitter, Mr Trump posted two tweets that the company cited as the final straws. The social media company said both of these tweets were "in violation of the Glorification of Violence Policy". Mr Trump's accounts were also suspended on Facebook, popular gaming platform Twitch and multimedia messaging app Snapchat.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের সাবেক প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প সামাজিক মাধ্যমে নিজের একটি প্রতিষ্ঠান তৈরি করে আবার সক্রিয় হবেন বলে তার একজন উপদেষ্টা জানিয়েছেন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Toby LuckhurstBBC News Once known primarily for viral dance trends, the video app has also become a key platform for sharing news. The Chinese-owned site has a vast, mostly younger audience, with an estimated 700 million active monthly users worldwide. Footage of rocket fire over Israel, destruction in Gaza and Palestinian protests have all gone viral on the site. It has brought the conflict to people's phone screens around the world. But there are also concerns that it and other social media sites are spreading falsehoods or extremism. This week's violence in Gaza and Israel is the worst since 2014. It came after weeks of rising Israeli-Palestinian tension in East Jerusalem, which culminated in clashes at a holy site revered by both Muslims and Jews. Hamas, the militant group that rules Gaza, began firing rockets after warning Israel to withdraw from the site, triggering retaliatory air strikes. Even before the latest fighting broke out, tensions between Palestinians and Israelis have played out on TikTok. In April, a video of teenagers in East Jerusalem slapping two Orthodox Jewish boys on public transport went viral on the app. Police arrested two suspects the following week. Protest clips also began to appear on TikTok. Users posted videos under the hashtag #SaveSheikhJarrah, in reference to the threatened evictions of Palestinian families in a neighbourhood in East Jerusalem. Such videos are now being viewed and shared around the globe. Chris Stokely-Walker, author of TikTok Boom: China, the US and the Superpower Race for Social Media, told the BBC that TikTok's ease of use and colossal popularity allowed the rapid spread of its content. "Creating tools for video through the app are so simple that anybody from a 12-year-old to a 90-year-old can actually do it themselves without all that much technical nous," he said. "It's also the size of the audience - we know that TikTok has something like 732 million monthly active users worldwide. So if you're posting something then the likelihood is it will be seen by a lot of people." Users of TikTok - as well as other social media sites like Facebook, Instagram and Twitter - are using the #SaveSheikhJarrah hashtag alongside footage of clashes with Israeli security forces, as well as the situation on the ground in Gaza. One video allegedly showing people fleeing Israeli strikes in Gaza, posted under the hashtag by US-based news site Muslim, has more than 44 million views on TikTok. Another post by TikTok user Sabrina Abukhdeir - with more than 1.5 million views - showed crying Palestinian children and the destruction of a high-rise block in Gaza. "You guys know what to do," she wrote, urging people to share the video. Supporters of Israel have also posted on TikTok. One video allegedly showing an Israeli soldier shielding a Palestinian woman from rocks thrown by Palestinian protesters has been viewed more than 1.5 million times on the app. And the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) has a strong presence online. It has 1.3 million followers on Twitter and more than 70,000 on TikTok, where it has been posting videos of its forces in action and scenes from inside Israel. One video asking viewers "What would you do if this was your city?" has more than 300,000 views on the site. Dr Gabriel Weimann at Haifa University in Israel said there was a battle of "hearts and minds" online - and that as of now "it's not an equal war". "From the Israeli side you see a counter flow, which I must say is less powerful, not organised at all, and if you ask me less persuasive," he told the BBC. "Maybe because in Israel nobody thought that TikTok would be a powerful or important platform." This month a video went viral on both TikTok and Twitter showing Jews dancing and cheering while a tree burns in the Al-Aqsa mosque compound in Jerusalem. Social media users claimed they were celebrating the destruction of the mosque. In reality, they were gathered to celebrate Jerusalem Day, and the mosque was not damaged in the fire. Israeli police said it was due to fireworks set off by Palestinian protesters, while demonstrators said it was due to stun grenades used by officers. On Thursday night, Israel's Defence Minister Benny Gantz asked Facebook and TikTok to remove posts from their sites which he said could encourage violence. "These are measures that will directly prevent the violence that is being intentionally stirred through social media by extremist elements that are seeking to do damage to our country," he reportedly said. "We are in a moment of social emergency, and we expect your assistance." The executives of both companies promised to "act quickly and effectively to prevent incitement on their networks", according to Israel National News. Shaydanay Urbani works for First Draft News, an organisation set up to counter mis-and disinformation online. "A lot of the things we have seen are old media taken out of context," she told the BBC. "[Stories] circulating from a totally different time and a totally different place." One of the most prominent examples - according to the New York Times - was footage shared widely of Palestinians allegedly faking a funeral. The video was viewed hundreds of thousands of times on TikTok and seemed to show a group of people carrying a corpse on their shoulders before dropping it when a siren sounded, and the corpse springing into life and running away. But in fact, the New York Times said, the original video appeared over a year ago on YouTube with a caption saying it was a Jordanian family faking a funeral.

ইসরায়েল আর ফিলিস্তিনের মধ্যে লড়াই যত তীব্র হচ্ছে, তত সেই উত্তেজনা প্রকাশের একটা বড় মাধ্যম হয়ে উঠছে সামাজিক মাধ্যমের ভিডিও অ্যাপ টিকটক।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The app, Rela, is no longer available in the Android or Apple app stores, and its website and Sina Weibo account have been deleted. Users began to notice that the app was not accessible last week. It is unclear why it has been shut down. Rela told its users on WeChat that the service had been suspended for an "important adjustment in service". "Rela has always been with you and please await its return!" Conservative attitudes The state internet regulator, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), has not commented on the shutdown. Some users have suggested that it was connected to Rela's support for parents of LGBT children who wanted to take part in a "marriage market" in Shanghai on 20 May. The group joined the weekly event in People's Park where older parents try to find partners for their unmarried sons and daughters, and handed out "educational flyers". According to Sixth Tone, security officers ordered the group to leave the park, saying they had not registered their "advertising event" with the police. It is not illegal to be gay in China, but homosexuality was considered to be a mental disorder until 2001 and attitudes towards it remain conservative. Grindr buyout In April, a Chinese dating app aimed at gay and bisexual men, Zank, was shut down after the CAC accused it of broadcasting pornographic content. But in February, another dating app, Blued, received substantial funding from the state-backed Beijing News. Rela's closure comes a week after a Chinese gaming company completed its buyout of Grindr, the world's biggest gay social networking app. Beijing Kunlun Tech bought a 61.5% stake in Grindr in January 2016 for $93m (£72.3m). Last week, it announced it was buying the remaining 38.5% for $152m (£118m). It also coincides with Taiwan's top court ruling in favour of legalising same-sex marriage.

সমকামীদের জন্য চীনের একটি ডেটিং অ্যাপ দেশটির কর্তৃপক্ষ বন্ধ করে দিয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

MPs voted by 303 to 258 - a majority of 45 - against a motion endorsing the government's negotiating strategy. The defeat has no legal force and Downing Street said it would not change the PM's approach to talks with the EU. But Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn urged Mrs May to "admit her Brexit strategy has failed" and to come forward with a plan Parliament would support. The defeat came after the pro-Brexit European Research Group (ERG) of Conservative MPs announced it had taken a "collective decision" to abstain, because backing the motion would have amounted to an endorsement of efforts to rule out a no-deal Brexit. Mrs May has consistently rejected calls to rule out a no-deal Brexit, but Tory Brexiteer rebels believed the wording of what was meant to be a neutral government motion opened the door to that. The motion reiterated support for the approach to Brexit backed by MPs in votes last month, one of which ruled out a no-deal Brexit. Please upgrade your browser to view this interactive How did my MP vote on 14 February? Enter a postcode, or the name or constituency of your MP The voting figures showed it was not just hardline Brexiteers that failed to support the government - a number of Tory Remainers also declined to vote, as more than a fifth of the party in the Commons failed to back the government. Five Conservative MPs - Brexiteers Peter Bone, Sir Christopher Chope, Philip Hollobone, and Anne Marie Morris, and the pro-Remain Sarah Wollaston - even voted with Labour against the motion. Downing Street blamed Mr Corbyn for the defeat, saying he had "yet again put partisan considerations ahead of the national interest" by voting against the government's motion. A No 10 spokesman said the PM would continue to seek legally-binding changes to the controversial Irish backstop, as MPs had instructed her to do in a Commons vote on 29 January. "While we didn't secure the support of the Commons this evening, the prime minister continues to believe, and the debate itself indicated, that far from objecting to securing changes to the backstop that will allow us to leave with a deal, there was a concern from some Conservative colleagues about taking no deal off the table at this stage," he added. Plasters lose their stick, revealing the hurt underneath. And the fragile patch that was covering the Tory truce has been well and truly torn. Just when Theresa May wanted to show the European Union that she could hold her party together to win, she lost. And at home the prime minister has been shown in no uncertain terms that she simply can't count on the factions in her party to come through for her. Read More Downing Street had earlier warned that defeat could damage the prime minister's negotiating position, as she seeks to make changes to the controversial backstop "insurance policy" in her deal to avoid customs checks between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. ERG deputy chairman Steve Baker told BBC News the group still supported efforts to get "alternative arrangements" to replace the controversial Irish backstop plan, describing Mrs May's defeat as a "storm in a teacup". But business minister Richard Harrington said ERG members should join former UKIP leader Nigel Farage's new Brexit party, telling them: "In my view you're not Conservatives." In an interview with The House magazine, he urged ministers opposed to a hard Brexit not to "give in" to the ERG by resigning. He also said he was "disappointed" that Mrs May had not made a statement to the Commons today, and given MPs an outline of a revised deal to vote on. "We're now told it will be in another two weeks' time so, being very conscious of the damage that not ruling out a hard Brexit is having on business and industry, I'm concerned that it's going to drag on. "What concerns me most is there is now talk that there won't be a final decision until the next EU Council on 21 March which, as far as business is concerned, is completely unacceptable." Going nowhere fast? By BBC Europe editor Katya Adler EU leaders still believe this is not the time to budge. They see the UK arguing, debating and negotiating with itself again - as it has done so often during the Brexit process - rather than engaging with Brussels. As a result of all this, the new round of EU-UK negotiations are going nowhere fast. "Window-dressing" is how one senior EU figure described the talks to me - with each side simply repeating their red lines to the other. So, the current favourite prediction in Brussels is that things will only be resolved in March. Read Katya's blog Commenting on Mrs May's latest defeat, Jeremy Corbyn said: "Two weeks ago, the prime minister told Parliament that her new approach could 'secure a substantial and sustainable majority' in Parliament. "However, tonight's vote has proved that there is no majority for the prime minister's course of action. "This can't go on. The government can't keep ignoring Parliament or ploughing on towards 29 March without a coherent plan." He added that the PM needed to admit her strategy had failed "and come back with a proposal that can truly command majority support in Parliament". Pro-EU Conservative MP Anna Soubry said: "The prime minister has been dealt yet another body blow. This is really serious stuff. "What is happening is a profound lack of leadership from the very top of government." She said it was "chilling" that ministers were still keeping no-deal on the table when they had seen economic analysis showing that it would be "absolutely disastrous" for the country. "What an absolute fiasco this is," she added, blaming a "lack of leadership in both of our broken parties". Mrs May has promised MPs a final, decisive vote on her Brexit deal with the EU when she has secured the changes to it that she believes MPs want to see. She believes she can secure a Commons majority for the deal if she can get legally binding changes to the backstop clause - something the EU has consistently ruled out. A Labour amendment calling for the final, meaningful vote to be held before 27 February was earlier defeated by 16 votes. An SNP amendment, backed by the Liberal Democrats and calling for Britain's departure from the EU on 29 March to be delayed by three months, was defeated by 93 votes to 315 after most Labour MPs abstained. Anna Soubry withdrew an amendment calling on the government to publish the latest cabinet briefing on the economic impact of a no-deal Brexit after ministers agreed to meet her and publish relevant documents. Ms Soubry said she would table it again on 27 February if ministers did not keep to their promise. Brexit Secretary Steve Barclay had pledged to call the EU's chief negotiator Michel Barnier after the vote to discuss the result. The two men are set to resume talks in Brussels early next week.

ব্রেক্সিট ইস্যুতে দ্বিতীয় দফা হেরে গেলেন ব্রিটেনের প্রধানমন্ত্রী টেরিজা মে। ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়নের সাথে দীর্ঘ দেন-দরবার করে জোট থেকে বেরিয়ে যাওয়ার যে খসড়া চুক্তি চূড়ান্ত করেছিলেন, সেটির প্রতি সমর্থন আদায়ে মঙ্গলবার সন্ধ্যায় সংসদের সামনে পেশ করা হলে, সেটি ১৪৯ ভোটের বিশাল ব্যবধানে হারে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

It declares for the first time a willingness to accept an interim Palestinian state within pre-1967 boundaries, without recognising Israel. It also says Hamas's struggle is not with Jews but with "occupying Zionist aggressors". The 1988 charter was condemned for its anti-Jewish language. The text is seen as an effort by Hamas, which rules Gaza, to soften its image. "The document gives us a chance to connect with the outside world," spokesman Fawzi Barhoum said. "To the world, our message is: Hamas is not radical. We are a pragmatic and civilized movement. We do not hate the Jews. We only fight who occupies our lands and kills our people." Hamas as a whole, or in some cases its military wing, is designated a terrorist group by Israel, the US, EU, UK and other powers. A spokesman for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Hamas was "attempting to fool the world but it will not succeed". "They build terror tunnels and have launched thousands upon thousands of missiles at Israeli civilians," David Keyes added. "This is the real Hamas." In contrast to the charter, the new document does not mention Hamas's parent organisation, the Muslim Brotherhood, an Islamist movement banned in Egypt for being what Cairo sees as a terrorist group. Analysts say the decision is aimed at improving relations with the outside world, including Egypt and Gulf Arab states where the Brotherhood is also banned. Gaza has been under blockade by Israel and Egypt for the past decade, imposed to prevent attacks by militants inside the territory. Its economy has been crippled as a result, and many of its 1.9 million inhabitants suffer daily hardships. Relations between Hamas and Egypt have recently begun to improve, with a visit to Cairo earlier this year by deputy leader Ismail Haniya. For years there has been criticism of Hamas over the language of its charter, in particular articles which were branded anti-Semitic. The charter speaks of the need to fight "warmongering Jews" and cites a hadith - a report of what the Prophet Muhammad said or approved - that declares "The Day of Judgement will not come about until Muslims fight the Jews (killing the Jews)". It also refers to the "Jews' usurpation of Palestine" and accuses Jews of controlling the world's media and of being behind the French Revolution, secret societies and of controlling imperialist countries. Israel has occupied the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem since the 1967 Middle East war. It pulled its troops and settlers out of Gaza in 2005, but still controls the air space, northern and eastern perimeter and waters around it. The new document, which Hamas says does not replace the charter, accepts the establishment of a Palestinian state within territories occupied by Israel in 1967 as a stage towards the "liberation" of all of historic Palestine west of the River Jordan. This is an apparent shift in Hamas's stated position, which previously rejected any territorial compromise. The document says this does not, however, mean Hamas recognises Israel's right to exist in any part of the land or that it no longer advocates violence against Israel. Hamas's announcement comes as Mahmoud Abbas, the president of the West Bank-based Palestinian Authority, prepares to meet US President Donald Trump at the White House later this week.

ফিলিস্তিনি সশস্ত্র সংগঠন হামাস প্রকাশিত নতুন নীতিতে ইসরায়েল সম্পর্কে নমনীয় মনোভাব প্রকাশ পেয়েছে। সংগঠনটির প্রতিষ্ঠাকালীন সনদের পর এটিই তাদের প্রকাশিত প্রথম কোনো নীতিমালা যেখানে তারা ১৯৬৭ সাল- পূর্ববর্তী সীমানা অনুযায়ী একটি অন্তর্বর্তীকালীন ফিলিস্তিন রাষ্ট্রকে মেনে নিয়েছে, তবে বরাবরের মতোই তারা ইসরায়েলকে স্বীকৃতি দেয়নি।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The 850-year-old Gothic building's spire and roof have collapsed but the main structure, including the two bell towers, has been saved, officials say. Firefighters are still working to contain the blaze as teams try to salvage the artwork stored inside. President Emmanuel Macron called it a "terrible tragedy". The cause of the fire is not yet clear. Officials say it could be linked to the renovation work that began after cracks appeared in the stone, sparking fears the structure could become unstable. Paris prosecutor's office said it had opened an inquiry into "accidental destruction by fire". A firefighter was seriously injured while tackling the blaze. Visibly emotional, Mr Macron said the "worst had been avoided" and vowed to launch an international fundraising scheme to rebuild the cathedral. How did the fire spread? The fire began at around 18:30 (16:30 GMT) and quickly reached the roof of the cathedral, destroying its stained-glass windows and the wooden interior before toppling the spire. Some 500 firefighters worked to prevent one of the bell towers from collapsing. More than four hours later, fire chief Jean-Claude Gallet said the main structure had been "saved and preserved" from total destruction. Sections of the cathedral were under scaffolding as part of the extensive renovations and 16 copper statues had been removed last week. Deputy Paris Mayor Emmanuel Gregoire said the building had suffered "colossal damages", and teams were working to save the cathedral's remaining artwork. Historian Camille Pascal told French broadcaster BFMTV that "invaluable heritage" had been destroyed, adding: "Happy and unfortunate events for centuries have been marked by the bells of Notre-Dame. We can be only horrified by what we see". How have people reacted? Thousands of people gathered in the streets around the cathedral, observing the flames in silence. Some could be seen openly weeping, while others sang hymns or said prayers. Several churches around Paris rang their bells in response to the blaze, which happened as Catholics celebrate Holy Week. Because of the fire, Mr Macron cancelled a speech on TV in which he was due to address the street protests that have rocked France for months. Visiting the scene, the president said the cathedral was a building "for all French people", including those who had never been there. "We'll rebuild Notre-Dame together", he said as he praised the "extreme courage" and "professionalism" of the firefighters. A symbol of a country Analysis by Henri Astier, BBC World Online No other site represents France quite like Notre-Dame. Its main rival as a national symbol, the Eiffel Tower, is little more than a century old. Notre-Dame has stood tall above Paris since the 1200s. It has given its name to one of the country's literary masterpieces. Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre-Dame is known to the French simply as Notre-Dame de Paris. The last time the cathedral suffered major damage was during the French Revolution. It survived two world wars largely unscathed. Watching such an embodiment of the permanence of a nation burn and its spire collapse is profoundly shocking to any French person. Facts about Notre-Dame What has been the international reaction? The Vatican expressed "shock and sadness," adding that it was praying for the French fire services. Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel has offered her support to the people of France, calling Notre-Dame a "symbol of French and European culture". UK Prime Minister Theresa May said in a tweet: "My thoughts are with the people of France tonight and with the emergency services who are fighting the terrible blaze at Notre-Dame cathedral". Also on Twitter, US President Donald Trump said it was "horrible to watch" the fire and suggested that "flying water tankers" could be used to extinguish the blaze. In an apparent response, the French Civil Security service said that was not an option as it might result in the collapse of the entire building.

ফ্রান্সের সবচেয়ে বিখ্যাত স্থাপনার একটি প্যারিসে মধ্যযুগীয় নটরডাম ক্যাথেড্রাল সোমবার আগুনে অনেকটাই ধ্বংস হয়ে গেছে। ৮৫০ বছরের প্রাচীন ভবনটি পুরোপুরি তৈরি করতে সময় লেগেছিল দুই শতক ।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Jack StrangeBBC Wales news It's 35 years since Cardiff's first Pride event, with those who helped arrange the march remembering it as a modest, if ground-breaking gathering. LGBT events have grown massively since then, with last year's Pride Cymru Parade attracting a record 15,000 people. But what is the history of the Pride movement and how did it first take to the Cardiff streets? The first pride was a riot. In the early hours of 28 June 1969, police raided the Stonewall Inn, in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York City. America's strict anti-gay laws had forced many from the LGBT community underground but the raid was met with defiance: no longer would people conform to police orders. The events are now considered the most important of the gay liberation movement. Thanks to the New York activists, June became the month of pride. But it wasn't just America where action was taken - the UK had its own obstacles to overturn. Two years before Stonewall, the UK had passed the Sexual Offences Bill, which was introduced by Welsh MP Leo Abse. The act partly decriminalised homosexual acts between two men over the age of 21 in private in England and Wales, although not in Scotland or Northern Ireland. And the emphasis very much on "in private". Abse, then a standing candidate for Pontypool, has often been heralded as the man who "legalised homosexuality", but the bill actually increased the penalty for the offence of gross indecency from two years' imprisonment to five. The gay liberation movement was far from liberated. Later, the 1980s became a decade in which life for those in the LGBT community would be challenged. The political climate was shifting and there was a change in mood for those desperate for equality. "I remember with my boyfriend - I remember sometimes holding his hand outside. We were careful about it," said Tim Foskett. He was a student at Cardiff University from 1984. He soon joined the university's gay social group, which would hold regular meetings on life in the city centre. Cardiff had a small gay community, where many people gathered safely. "When I first came to Cardiff I think there were two gay clubs, and the Tunnel Club," Mr Foskett said. "There was the Terminus, that was the first gay pub I went to, and it wasn't always strictly gay. We met in the room upstairs. You had to walk through the pub to get to the gay society meeting. I have to say, it was pretty scary." Another pub was The King's Cross, which closed down in 2011, and is now The Corner House. "The King's Cross was more lively, but also still quite a scary place to go into as an 18-year-old," Mr Foskett added. The Tunnel Club, now known as Metros, was once an underground safe space for the Welsh LGBT community. Robert Keetch, who worked behind the bar, said: "You'd go along, you'd knock on the door, they'd slide a little hatch, look at you, let you in... it was a place to escape to." Tunnel Club was very much a secret place, with the location never disclosed publicly. Even so, it was a target for hate crime. Mr Keetch remembers an occasion when the fire alarms went off and people had to evacuate because "somebody firebombed the bouncer's car". The King's Cross also had its fair share of abuse. "There was somebody who parked his car outside, and it had two stickers in the back window that were absolutely homophobic. I can't remember now, some stupid rhyme about gays and Aids," said Mr Foskett. The fight for equality continued, but a wave of fresh trauma was on the horizon. In 1982, Pembrokeshire-born Terrence Higgins died due to Aids-related illness. He was one of the first people known to have died from the condition. Mr Higgins decided to leave Haverfordwest when he was a teenager, finding himself a new life in London. One evening, while out in Heaven nightclub, a long running LGBT venue, Higgins collapsed. He died in St Thomas' Hospital in London, on 4 July 1982. His legacy, however, lives on. The Terry Higgins Trust - later renamed the Terrence Higgins Trust - was formed, dedicating itself to the prevention of the spread of HIV. Today it provides support to people affected. "Loads and loads of young gay men died in those years," Mr Foskett said. "All of the latent homophobia under the surface had an excuse to come out." With some newspaper reports suggesting homosexuals should be exterminated to stop the spread of Aids, people in Wales decided it was time for change. During April and May in 1985, Mr Foskett, who was also friends with women's groups and a member of the Labour club, rallied support. "Something needed to change," he said. "There was a sense that it was time for gay people to be much more public, and much more present, and that equality should happen." And Mr Foskett was the "sort of person who can make people do things they normally wouldn't do", according to Francis Brown, a friend who helped him kickstart things. He said: "At one of the [gay social] meetings he [Mr Foskett] said 'I think we should have a gay pride march in Cardiff'. "That might not sound particularly strange now, but back in 1985 it was like, 'are you serious?' He was very keen and his sort of enthusiasm was very infectious." The small group got planning and the event took place on 20 June. With placards reading "gay love is good love", the procession marched from Queen Street to the students' union in Cardiff. "It was a small band of people, but it was a huge step for Cardiff I think, because of what it represented," said Mr Brown. Mr Foskett remembered it being "quite fun, and very small". "The people that we encountered were friendly. People laughed. People were incredulous, but they weren't hostile." Today, the Pride Cymru events draw in 50,000 people, with 15,000 attending 2019's parade, but the first march was less than 30, according to Mr Brown. And while the organisers saw the first march as a success, those in subsequent years sparked more of a reaction. "I remember distinctly in '86 and '87, the HIV epidemic had really begun to take hold. The government were doing horrendous tombstone adverts," said Mr Foskett. "The newspapers were beginning to really take against gay people. We got a lot more hostility in 1986 and 1987." In 1999, Pride Cymru formed, and the first Welsh Mardi Gras took place in Bute Park, Cardiff. It was a response to rising hate crimes in south Wales, with more than 5,000 people attending. "It was an idea formed by South Wales Police," said Mr Keetch, who is now a Pride Cymru patron. "And it was only for about four hours or so. It was a small event, but it is what kickstarted what we currently have." The progress made since that first pride march in Cardiff has seen LGBT rights in the UK change dramatically. And a Stats Wales' survey on sexual orientation found that the proportion of the Welsh population identifying as lesbian, gay or bisexual has increased from 1.6% in 2014 to 2.3% in 2018. This year's Pride Cymru event has, like everything else, been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Running from 24-30 August, it will run as a virtual series of events, which the organisers describe as a "week in which our communities still have the opportunity to stay connected, raise awareness and share their messages". In a statement, Pride Cymru said: "As Pride events around the world make history with their first online only events due to Covid-19, the heart of the occasions remain the same: there is always progress to be made, and always history to be remembered." Lisa Power, who co-founded Stonewall UK, believes the Pride movement is much more than "having a really good day out". "The core of pride is visibility and strength, and a celebration of who we are, but also a promise that we're going to try and make a better world for everybody in the LGBT+ communities," she added. And those activists in Wales who were an integral part of that history, see both the distance travelled and that still to go. "These days if you don't know someone who is LGBT, you've got a very strange life," said Mr Brown. And while there are almost certainly places where people face abuse and prejudice, "those things are getting less", he added. However, Mr Foskett said that, while there might be more rights for some LGBT people, there are others who "can't assert those rights" and for whom it is still not safe to come out. For Robert Keetch, the contrast in the last 20 years is striking. "If you had told us back in 1999 that organisations like Admiral, like Great Western Railway, the unions, that the police force, the fire brigade, the army, the navy, would be sending people to walk in our parade, to celebrate who we are, who they are, and to celebrate love, I would have laughed in your face. "But now you see it, and you see people queuing two, three deep alongside the roadside to watch us, and to celebrate with us. That's how far we've come."

''একজন মানুষের একটা ছোট পদক্ষেপ, কিন্তু মানবজাতির জন্য এক বিরাট অগ্রযাত্রা।''

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Karishma VaswaniBBC News, Singapore In mid-January, a group of 20 tourists from the Chinese city of Guangxi arrived in Singapore for Chinese New Year. They visited some of its most glamorous sights. Also on their itinerary was a non-descript traditional Chinese medicine shop, selling crocodile oil and herbal products. The shop is popular with mainland tourists. They were served by a dedicated saleswoman who showed them various products, even massaging medicated oil on their arms. The Chinese group finished the tour and went home. But they had left something behind. Medicine shop At that point, the 18 coronavirus cases in Singapore had only been found in arrivals from mainland China. But on 4 February, Singapore's government reported that the virus had spread into the local community - and the Yong Thai Hang Chinese medicine shop was its first cluster, with a local tour guide and that enthusiastic saleswoman falling ill. From that one shopping trip, nine people became infected, including the saleswoman's husband, her six-month-old baby and their Indonesian domestic helper. Two other staff members also caught it. They have now recovered, but it could have been much worse if Singapore didn't have a sophisticated and extensive contact tracing programme, which follows the chain of the virus from one person to the next, identifying and isolating those people - and all their close contacts - before they can spread the virus further. "We would have ended up like Wuhan," says Leong Hoe Nam, an infectious diseases specialist at the Mount Elizabeth Novena hospital and a Singapore government advisor. "The hospitals would be overwhelmed." As of 16 March, Singapore had confirmed 243 cases and no deaths. For about 40% of those people, the first indication they had was the health ministry telling them they needed to be tested and isolated. In total, 6,000 people have been contact traced to date, using a combination of CCTV footage, police investigation and old fashioned, labour-intensive detective work - which often starts with a simple telephone call. A call from a stranger It was one of those calls on a sunny Saturday afternoon during a barbecue that led to Singapore-based British yoga teacher Melissa (not her real name) learning she was at risk of contracting the virus. "It was surreal," she says, describing the moment an unknown number flashed up on her phone. "They asked 'were you in a taxi at 18:47 on Wednesday?' It was very precise. I guess I panicked a bit, I couldn't think straight." Melissa eventually remembered that she was in that taxi - and later when she looked at her taxi app realised it was a trip that took just six minutes. To date, she doesn't know whether it was the driver or another passenger who was infected. All she knows is that it was an officer at Singapore's health ministry that made the phone call, and told her that she needed to stay at home and be quarantined. The next day Melissa found out just how serious the officials were. Three people turned up at her door, wearing jackets and surgical masks. "It was a bit like out of a film," she says. "They gave me a contract - the quarantine order - it says you cannot go outside your home otherwise it's a fine and jail time. It is a legal document. "They make it very clear that you cannot leave the house. And I knew I wouldn't break it. I know that I live in a place where you do what you're told." Two weeks later, Melissa had shown no symptoms of Covid-19 and could leave her house. In Singapore, most people know somebody who has been contact traced and that is part of the point. With almost 8,000 people per sq km it's one of the most densely populated countries on Earth. An unidentified infected cluster could spread the disease rapidly. The potential strain on the economy and health service could be huge. Singapore had little choice but to try to find and isolate everybody at risk. Detectives solving a puzzle Conceicao Edwin Philip is one of three contact tracers at Singapore General Hospital, one of the government hospitals responsible for treating coronavirus patients. His team is the first to talk to patients when they come to hospital, to find out who they've been in contact with and where they've been. "Once we get the results from the labs [of a positive case] we have to drop everything and push through the night till about 3am. The next day, you start again," he says. They hand that vital information to staff at the Ministry of Health who continue with the process. "Without this first piece, nothing can be connected. It is like a puzzle, you have to piece it all together," he says. Zubaidah Said leads one of the Ministry of Health teams tasked with that next job. Often her teams face challenges gathering information - some patients are too sick to answer for instance - and that makes their job much harder. "As far as possible for such cases, we will try to have second information, but again that has been difficult" she says. That is where the next team comes in, because Singapore also has the advantage of having police criminal investigation units on the case. "The police and the ministry hold daily teleconferences to exchange information," senior assistant commissioner (SAC) of police Lian Ghim Hua, of the Criminal Investigation Department told the BBC via email. "An average of 30 to 50 officers are working on contact tracing on any given day, and the number has scaled up to over 100 officers at times." The contact tracing is done on top of the police's daily duties - something made possible by Singapore's low crime rate. On occasion officers have also roped in assistance from the criminal investigative department, the narcotics bureau, and the police intelligence services. They use CCTV footage, data visualisation and investigations to help them trace contacts whose identities aren't known in the first instance, for example a taxi passengers who did not make an app booking, or paid by cash. The effectiveness is clear from the case of Julie, who went to hospital feeling dizzy and feverish in early February. Less than an hour after doctors told her she had contracted the virus, the system kicked in. "I was on my hospital bed when I got the call," she said. What followed was a meticulous questioning of everything Julie had done and everyone she had met over the last seven days. "They wanted to know who I was with, what I was doing, what their names were and then their contact numbers. Officials were looking for close contacts, typically someone who spent more than 30 minutes with the infected person, within a 2m space. "There was no interest in someone I had brushed shoulders with even if it was someone that I knew. They were looking for people I had spent some amount of time with." Julie spoke to the contact tracer for almost three hours. At the end of that phone call, she had identified 50 people. All were contacted by the Ministry of Health, and served 14-day quarantine orders. Not one developed the virus. The 'gold standard' Contact-tracing isn't new - it's been used for decades to track patients who may have passed their illness to others during their stay. But Singapore's use of the system during this crisis was praised by Harvard epidemiologists in early February, who described it as a "gold standard of near-perfect detection". The World Health Organization has also praised Singapore for being proactive even before the first case was detected. Singapore, unlike the US and much of Europe, started contact tracing early to stay ahead of community spread. "If you leave it too late then everything becomes so much harder to do, because there are so many cases," says Dr Siousxie Wiles, associate professor at the University of Auckland in New Zealand. But the level of precision and detection used in Singapore would not be possible in most countries. There are not many nations that have the level of surveillance Singapore has, which the WHO told the BBC in an email, "has allowed for the rapid identification and management of cases". That's coupled with largely compliant behaviour from the general population - when the government calls and asks you questions, it is a near-certainty that everyone will co-operate. Singapore's Infectious Diseases Act also makes it illegal for anyone to refuse co-operation with the police in their attempts to gather information. The penalty is a S$10,000 ($6,900; £5,800) fine, prison for six months - or both. Two Chinese nationals have already been charged under the act for giving police false information about their whereabouts during contact tracing. No wonder, Mr Conceicao notes, in almost all of cases people are extremely accommodating. "To use police for contact tracing in this manner of investigating is quite unique to Singapore," says Chong Ja Ian, an associate professor at the National University of Singapore. "But in Singapore, this is something people are exposed to and are familiar with. Singaporeans have grown up and lived with a highly surveilled society, so it's become normalised for them. The sort of reach that the state has is not questioned as much, it's taken for granted. People have learned to live with this." Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea have all seen varying levels of success over the last week, using different strategies from big data, social distancing and mass testing to get numbers under control. Contrast that with other Asian countries with large populations, poor healthcare and detection systems like Indonesia, and that means trying to find those infected is like looking for a needle in a haystack. They have no idea where the next case is coming from. "Societies which have strong technocratic elites able to conduct long-term planning and relatively high levels of trust in experts and governments are responding better to the virus outbreak" says James Crabtree, associate professor of practice at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore. "Hence why Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan seem to be coping better than Italy and the US." When should you give up? On 5 March, Singapore announced its latest - and what would become its biggest - cluster so far. A late Chinese New Year dinner at a community club on 15 February hosted hundreds of people - that one party has yielded 47 infections so far. They have gone on to infect others in the community, raising fears that contact tracing is fast becoming irrelevant, and that other, more stringent measures need to be enforced like school closures and lockdowns. Singapore is also seeing an exponential rise in the number of new cases per day - most of them imported. On 18 March, for example, it announced 47 new cases - 33 were imported, mostly Singaporeans who had returned home. It has imposed restrictions on travellers entering the country as a result. The government says there is still value in contact tracing, because the data it collects from contact tracing helps policy makers decide which strategy to roll out at different phases of the epidemic, says Dr Said. "Until we reach a stage where the numbers are so high it overwhelms our entire ability to bring sources in to try and contain outbreaks as they arise that may be a time when we have to think about changing our strategy," Kenneth Mak, Singapore's deputy director of medical services says. "But we don't see that as something that we need to consider very seriously at this point in time." Almost two months into the outbreak, there have been no deaths in Singapore. Singapore has credited that to its healthcare services but also its contact tracing. It has bought time, so doctors could treat the people in hospital who really needed treatment, without overwhelming healthcare services the way it happened in Wuhan. The reality is that Singapore will have to give up contact tracing if numbers continue to rise. It is expensive, labour intensive and at some point the virus will overtake the contact tracers. But until then it is a race against an invisible offender. The tracers know it just takes a few more untraceable cases before the virus begins surging through the population.

প্রথমদিকে যে কয়েকটি দেশে করোনাভাইরাস ছড়িয়ে পড়ে, সিঙ্গাপুর তার মধ্যে একটি। সেখানে গোয়েন্দারা সম্ভাব্য ভাইরাস সংক্রমণের শিকার ব্যক্তি শনাক্ত করার চেষ্টা করছে যেন ভাইরাসের চেয়ে এক ধাপ এগিয়ে থাকতে পারেন তারা।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

"Only an insane person and only in a dream can imagine that Russia would suddenly attack Nato," Mr Putin told Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera. The Western alliance is bolstering its military presence in its eastern European members in response to their fears of Russian threat, following its involvement in the Ukraine conflict. Nato says that Russia is backing rebels in Ukraine - a claim denied by Moscow. Early this month, Nato pledged to counter "hybrid warfare" from Russia - which included a mixture of conventional military tactics, subversive campaigns and cyber-warfare that Russia was using in Ukraine. Three Baltic countries are preparing to ask for a permanent presence of Nato troops on their soil to act as a deterrent to the Russian military. A 5,000-strong Nato "spearhead" force is being established and six small headquarters set up to co-ordinate operations. In his interview with Corriere della Sera, Mr Putin said some countries were "simply taking advantage of people's fears with regard to Russia" in order to receive "some supplementary military, economic, financial or some other aid". "There is no need to fear Russia," Mr Putin said. "The world has changed so drastically that people with some common sense cannot even imagine such a large-scale military conflict today. We have other things to think about, I assure you." Heavy fighting has erupted in Ukraine this week, focusing on the towns of Maryinka and Krasnohorivka, west of rebel-held Donetsk. The opposing sides have accused each other of shattering February's Minsk ceasefire, requiring them to withdraw heavy weapons from the frontline. Ukraine's President Petro Poroshenko told a news conference on Friday that Russia had massed troops on the border and in rebel-held areas "in unprecedented numbers" - but Russia again denied that its military was involved in Ukraine. Mr Poroshenko said Ukraine has deployed 50,000 troops in the conflict zone to meet the threat. More than 6,400 people have been killed in eastern Ukraine since the conflict began in April 2014, when rebels seized large parts of two eastern regions, following Russia's annexation of the Crimea peninsula. The Ukraine crisis is on the agenda of talks of leaders of the most industrialised group of countries - the G7 - beginning on Sunday, without Russia - usually its eighth member. Thousands of police officers are being deployed near the venue at Schloss Elmau castle, 60 miles (100km) south of Munich. A demonstration over policies on climate change, wealth inequality - as well as conflicts in a number of countries - was held in the nearby town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen on Saturday. More than 30,000 attended a rally in Munich on Thursday.

নেটোর জন্য রাশিয়া কোন হুমকি নয় বলে ঘোষণা দিয়েছেন রাশিয়ান প্রেসিডেন্ট ভ্লাদিমির পুতিন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

President Donald Trump has previously accused Pakistan of deceiving the US while receiving billions of dollars. Pentagon spokesman Lt Col Koné Faulkner said the US military would aim to spend the money on other "urgent priorities". The move, which needs to be approved by the US Congress, is part of a broader suspension announced in January. The US state department has criticised Pakistan, a key ally, for failing to deal with terrorist networks operating on its soil, including the Haqqani network and the Afghan Taliban. "We continue to press Pakistan to indiscriminately target all terrorist groups," Col Faulkner said in a statement on Saturday, adding that the $300m aid - which had earlier been suspended - should be used elsewhere due to "a lack of Pakistani decisive actions" in tackling the issue. The announcement comes just days before US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo is due to visit Pakistan to meet the country's new prime minister, Imran Khan. In January, the US government announced it was cutting almost all security aid to the country. The US and others have long complained that Pakistan provides a safe haven to militant networks, allowing them to carry out cross-border attacks in Afghanistan - something that Islamabad denies. There was no immediate comment from Pakistan on the latest funding cut. However, the military responded to January's suspension by arguing that it "never fought for money but for peace", and had targeted all militants at a "heavy cost of blood and treasure". Separately on Friday, the US said it was ending all funding for the UN's Palestinian refugee agency - the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (Unrwa) - which it described as "irredeemably flawed". Who are the militants Pakistan is alleged to support? The Haqqani network is a militant group that focuses most of its activities on neighbouring Afghanistan, which has complained for years that Pakistan allows it to operate unimpeded from its soil across the border. The group is linked to the Afghan Taliban - a hardline Islamist movement that poses a major threat to the Afghan government. Pakistani Taliban groups, while associated with the Afghan Taliban, focus on attacks within Pakistan. Both the Haqqani Network and the Afghan Taliban have launched attacks in Afghanistan that have killed US forces, and US officials have long argued that Pakistan, and specifically its ISI intelligence service, provides safe havens to them. Why would Pakistan support them? Pakistan has long been accused of using the Afghan Taliban to further its foreign policy interests in the country. The ISI first became involved in funding and training militants in Afghanistan after the Soviet invasion in 1979. Although since 2001 Pakistan has allowed its territory to be used to supply international troops during the war in Afghanistan, and co-operated with the West in fighting some terrorists groups like al-Qaeda, analysts say it has continued to give shelter and support to Afghan insurgents. Its aim has been to limit the influence in Afghanistan of its chief regional rival, India.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের সামরিক বাহিনী বলছে যে তারা পাকিস্তানকে ৩০ কোটি ডলার অর্থ সাহায্য দেওয়ার পরিকল্পনা বাতিল করে দেওয়ার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Linda Pressly and Albana KasapiBBC News, Tirana "I didn't speak to my wife and son for over 37 years - they thought I'd died. But I told them, 'No, I'm alive, I'm living in Albania…' They cried." That first contact by phone with his family after so many years was difficult for Gholam Mirzai, too. He is 60, and absconded two years ago from the MEK's military-style encampment outside Tirana. Now he scrapes by in the city, full of regrets and accused by his former Mujahideen comrades of spying for their sworn enemy, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The MEK has a turbulent and bloody history. As Islamist-Marxist radicals, its members backed the 1979 Iranian revolution that toppled the Shah. But relations with a triumphant Ayatollah Khomeini soon soured. When the government cracked down hard, the Mujahideen had to run for their lives. Neighbouring Iraq offered sanctuary, and from their desert citadel during the Iran/Iraq war (1980-1988), the MEK fought on the side of Saddam Hussein against their homeland. Gholam Mirzai was serving in the Iranian military when he was captured by Saddam Hussein's forces at the start of that conflict. He spent eight years as a prisoner of war in Iraq. But in time, Iranian prisoners like Mirzai were encouraged to join forces with their compatriots. And that is what he did. Mirzai is now a "disassociate" - one of hundreds of former MEK members who have left the organisation since they moved to Albania. With the help of funds from family, some have paid people smugglers to take them elsewhere in Europe, and perhaps two have made it back to Iran. But dozens remain in Tirana, stateless and officially unable to work. Find out more So how did the battle-hardened members of the MEK - formerly a proscribed terrorist organisation in the United States and Europe - find their way to this corner of Europe? In 2003, the allied invasion of Iraq made life perilous for the MEK. The organisation's protector, Saddam Hussein, was suddenly gone, and the Mujahideen were repeatedly attacked - hundreds were killed and injured. Fearing an even worse humanitarian disaster, the Americans approached the Albanian government in 2013 and persuaded it to receive some 3,000 MEK members in Tirana. "We offered them shelter from attacks and abuse, and the possibility to lead a normal life in a country where they are not harassed, attacked or brutalised," says Lulzim Basha, leader of the Democratic Party, which was in government at the time, and is now in opposition. In Albania, politics are deeply polarised - everything is contested. But, almost uniquely, the presence of the MEK isn't - publicly, both governing and opposition parties support their Iranian guests. For the MEK, Albania was a completely new environment. Gholam Mirzai was astonished that even children had mobile phones. And because some of the Mujahideen were initially accommodated in apartment buildings on the edge of the capital, the organisation's grip on its members was looser than it had been previously. In Iraq, it had controlled every aspect of their lives, but here, temporarily, there was a chance to exercise a degree of freedom. "There was some rough ground behind the flats where the commanders told us we should take daily exercise," remembers Hassan Heyrany, another "disassociate". Heyrany and his colleagues used the cover of trees and bushes to sneak around to the internet cafe close by and make contact with their families. "When we were in Iraq, if you wanted to phone home, the MEK called you weak - we had no relationship with our families," he says. "But when we came to Tirana, we found the internet for personal use." Towards the end of 2017, though, the MEK moved out to new headquarters. The camp is built on a gently sloping hill in the Albanian countryside, about 30km (19 miles) from the capital. Behind the imposing, iron gates, there is an impressive marble arch topped with golden lions. A tree-lined boulevard runs up to a memorial dedicated to the thousands of people who have lost their lives in the MEK's struggle against the Iranian government. Uninvited journalists are not welcome here. But in July this year, thousands attended the MEK's Free Iran event at the camp. Politicians from around the globe, influential Albanians and people from the nearby village of Manze, joined thousands of MEK members and their leader, Maryam Rajavi, in the glitzy auditorium. US President Donald Trump's personal lawyer, Rudy Giuliani, addressed the crowd. "These are people who are dedicated to freedom," he said, referring to the uniformly dressed and gender-segregated MEK members present in the hall. "And if you think that's a cult, then there's something wrong with you," he added, bringing the house down. Powerful politicians like Giuliani support the MEK's goal of regime change in Iran. The movement's manifesto includes a commitment to human rights, gender equality and participatory democracy for Iran. But Hassan Heyrany does not buy it any more. Last year he left the MEK, rejecting what he saw as the leadership's oppressive control of his private life. Heyrany had joined the Mujahideen in his 20s, attracted by its commitment to political pluralism. "It was very attractive. But if you believe in democracy, you cannot suppress the soul of your members," he says. The nadir of Heyrany's life with the MEK was an evening meeting he was obliged to attend. "We had a little notebook, and if we had any sexual moments we should write them down. For example, 'Today, in the morning, I had an erection.'" Romantic relationships and marriage are prohibited by the MEK. It was not always like that - parents and their children used to join the Mujahideen. But after the bloody defeat of one MEK offensive by the Iranians, the leadership argued it had happened because the Mujahideen were distracted by personal relationships. Mass divorce followed. Children were sent away - often to foster homes in Europe - and single MEK members pledged to stay that way. In that notebook, Heyrany says they also had to write any personal daydreams. "For example, 'When I saw a baby on television, I had a feeling that I wished to have a child or a family of my own.'" And the Mujahideen had to read from their notebooks in front of their commander and comrades at the daily meeting. "That's very hard for a person," Heyrany says. Now he likens the MEK camp in Manze to Animal Farm, George Orwell's critique of the Stalinist era in the USSR. "It's a cult," he says simply. A diplomatic source in Tirana described the MEK as "a unique cultural group - not a cult, but cult-like." The BBC was not able to put any of this to the MEK, because the organisation refused to be interviewed. But in Albania, a nation that endured a punishing, closed, Communist regime for decades there is some sympathy for the MEK leadership's position - at least on the prohibition of personal relationships. "In extreme situations, you make extreme choices," says Diana Culi, a writer, women's activist and former MP for the governing Socialist Party. "They have vowed to fight all their lives for the liberation of their country from a totalitarian regime. Sometimes we have difficulty accepting strong belief in a cause. This is personal sacrifice, and it's a mentality I understand." Even so, some Albanians worry that the MEK's presence threatens national security. Two Iranian diplomats were expelled following allegations about violent plots against the Mujahideen, and the European Union has accused Tehran of being behind conspiracies to assassinate regime opponents, including MEK members, on Dutch, Danish and French soil. (The Iranian Embassy in Tirana declined the BBC's request for an interview.) A highly-placed source in the Socialist Party is also concerned that the intelligence services lack the capacity to monitor more than 2,500 MEK members with military training. "No-one with a brain would've accepted them here," he says. A diplomat says some of the "disassociates" are certainly working for Iran. Gholam Mirzai and Hassan Heyrany have themselves been accused by the MEK of being agents for Tehran. It is a charge they deny. Now both men are focused on the future. With help from family in Iran, Heyrany is opening a coffee shop, and he is dating an Albanian. At 40, he is younger than most of his fellow cadres and he remains optimistic. Gholam Mirzai's situation is more precarious. His health is not good - he walks with a limp after being caught in one of the bombardments of the MEK camp in Iraq - and he is short of money. He is tormented by the mistakes he has made in his life - and something he found out when he first got in touch with his family. When Mirzai left to go to war against Iraq in 1980, he had a one-month-old son. After the Iran/Iraq war ended, his wife and other members of his family came to the MEK camp in Iraq to look for Mirzai. But the MEK sent them away, and told him nothing about their visit. This 60-year-old man never knew he was a much-missed father and husband until he made that first call home after 37 years. "They didn't tell me that my family came searching for me in Iraq. They didn't tell me anything about my wife and son," he says. "All of these years I thought about my wife and son. Maybe they died in the war… I just didn't know." The son he has not seen in the flesh since he was a tiny baby is nearly 40 now. And Mirzai proudly displays a picture of this grown-up man on his WhatsApp id. But renewed contact has been painful too. "I was responsible for this situation - the separation. I can't sleep too much at night because I think about them. I'm always nervous, angry. I am ashamed of myself," Mirzai says. Shame is not easy to live with. And he has only one desire now. "I want to go back to Iran, to live with my wife and son. That is my wish." Gholam Mirzai has visited the Iranian Embassy in Tirana to ask for help, and his family have lobbied the authorities in Tehran. He has heard nothing. So he waits - without citizenship, without a passport, and dreaming of home. You may also be interested in: Few people give much thought to where what they wear beneath their clothes really comes from, and so it was for Elizabeth Gowing, until a visit to an underwear factory run by women in northern Albania. The mountain girls making bras for Europe's chests

গত ছয় বছর ধরে ইরানের প্রধান বিরোধী গোষ্ঠী মুজাহিদিন-ই-খাল্ক (এমইকে)-এর সদস্যরা ইউরোপের ছোট্ট একটি দেশ আলবেনিয়ায় বসবাস করছেন। কিন্তু এই গোষ্ঠীর শত শত সদস্য এখন এমইকে ত্যাগ করছেন। এর কারণ কী?

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The boat washed ashore on Japan's Sado Island, northwest from the mainland, on Friday and authorities gained access on Saturday. The heavily damaged vessel had Korean lettering painted on its side. Police could not confirm whether the two heads belonged to the corpses but Japanese media said the remains were "partially skeletonised". This could indicate the victims had been at sea for a long time. "Ghost boats" believed to hail from North Korea are a fairly common discovery on Japanese shores. They are generally empty or contain only human remains. During winter, exposure and starvation are the most likely explanations for crewmembers' deaths. In previous incidents there has been speculation that crew found on the "ghost boats" are defectors or spies from North Korean leader Kim Jong-un's repressive regime. But it is also thought that poverty is forcing North Koreans to fish further from home. In 2017 a fishing crew was discovered alive on board a drifting vessel and asked to be sent back to North Korea. Ongoing tensions between Japan and North Korea could make a full investigation into the latest shipwreck difficult. On Friday, Japanese national broadcaster NHK accidentally reported a North Korea missile launch before correcting the error. They apologised and said the newsflash was intended to be a training exercise. In November, North Korea threatened Japan with a "real ballistic missile" and called Prime Minister Shinzo Abe an "imbecile" and "political dwarf", accusing him of mislabelling its latest weapons test.

পাঁচটি মৃতদেহ ও দু'টি মানুষের মাথা সহ একটি জাহাজের ধ্বংসাবশেষ আবিষ্কার করা হয়েছে জাপানের উপকূল থেকে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

They were fired from the Hodo peninsula in the east of the country, said South Korea's Joint Chiefs of Staff. If confirmed, it will be the first missile launch since Pyongyang tested an intercontinental ballistic missile in November 2017. Last month Pyongyang said it had tested what it described as a new "tactical guided weapon". That was the first test since the Vietnam summit between the North Korean leader, Kim Jong-un, and US President Donald Trump, which ended without agreement. President Trump walked away from what he described as a bad deal offered by Kim Jong-un in Hanoi in February. On Saturday, the US president tweeted that he believed the North Korean leader would not do anything that could jeopardise his country's path towards better relations and economic normalisation. "He also knows that I am with him and does not want to break his promise to me," President Trump wrote in the social media post. Firing a short range missile would not violate North Korea's promise not to test long range or nuclear missiles. But Pyongyang appears to be growing impatient with Washington's insistence that full economic sanctions remain until Mr Kim takes serious steps to dismantle his nuclear weapons programme, says the BBC's Laura Bicker. "We are aware of North Korea's actions tonight," said White House spokeswoman Sarah Sanders. "We will continue to monitor as necessary." Nuclear test pledge North Korea "fired a number of short-range missiles from its Hodo peninsula near the east coast town of Wonsan to the north-eastern direction from 09:06 (00:06 GMT) to 09:27," the South's Joint Chiefs of Staff said in a statement. The missiles flew for between 70km and 200km (45-125 miles) before landing in the Sea of Japan, they added. Hodo has been used in the past for launching cruise missiles and long-range artillery testing. According to the North Korea news agency (KCNA), April's test of a new "tactical guided weapon" was overseen by Mr Kim himself. It said the test was "conducted in various modes of firing at different targets", which analysts believe means the weapon could be launched from land, sea or air. It is unclear if that weapon was a missile, but most observers agree that it was probably a short-range weapon. Last year, Mr Kim said he would stop nuclear testing and would no longer launch intercontinental ballistic missiles. Nuclear activity appears to be continuing, however, and satellite images of North Korea's main nuclear site last month showed movement, suggesting the country could be reprocessing radioactive material into bomb fuel. The country claims it has developed a nuclear bomb small enough to fit on a long-range missile, as well as ballistic missiles that could potentially reach the mainland US.

দক্ষিণ কোরিয়া থেকে পাওয়া খবরে বলা হচ্ছে যে, উত্তর কোরিয়া ছোট-পরিসরের একাধিক ক্ষেপণাস্ত্রের পরীক্ষা চালিয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Teams are looking for survivors trapped in the rubble of collapsed buildings. The quake is the deadliest in the world this year. Most people who died were in western Iran in Sarpol-e-Zahab, a town 15km (10 miles) from the border, and other parts of Kermanshah province. The town's main hospital was severely damaged, leaving it struggling to treat hundreds of wounded people, state TV reported. A woman and her baby were pulled alive from rubble in the town, Iranian media said. Many buildings in the town appear to have collapsed, amateur video posted to Twitter by a radio station showed. Running water and electricity cut out in some cities, and after buildings collapsed people were forced to spend hours outdoors in parks or streets in cold weather. Many homes in the predominantly Kurdish mountainous area are made of mud bricks and are vulnerable in quakes as large as Sunday's. "We need shelter," a man in Sarpol-e Zahab told state TV. "Where is the aid? Where is the help?" One aid agency said 70,000 people needed shelter after the quake, and there were reports that thousands of people were facing a second night in the cold as dusk fell. The UN said it was "ready to assist if required" in a statement from a spokesman for the secretary-general. Iranian officials said 413 people had died in the country. Some soldiers and border guards were among the dead, the Iranian army's commander-in-chief told the state news channel IRINN. In Iraq nine people died, a Red Crescent spokesman told the BBC. A UN office in the country said more than 500 people were injured there, and the earthquake was felt in Irbil, Sulaimaniya, Kirkuk and Basra as well as the capital, Baghdad. Landslides have made it harder for rescuers to reach those affected in rural areas, and there are fears a dam could burst after it was damaged by the earthquake. People living nearby have reportedly been asked to leave. The quake hit at 21:18 local time (18:18 GMT) about 30km (19 miles) south of Darbandikhan, near the north-eastern border with Iran, the US Geological Survey (USGS) said. More than 1.8 million people live within 100km of the epicentre, the UN estimates. The earthquake struck at a relatively shallow depth of 23.2 km, and tremors were felt in Turkey, Israel and Kuwait. In 2003, a 6.6-magnitude quake destroyed the historic city of Bam in south-east Iran, killing 26,000 people. Sunday's quake is the deadliest to hit Iran since 2012. But it is only the sixth earthquake of magnitude-7.0 or more in 2017 - there were 16 strong quakes last year and 19 the year before. Why is Iran prone to earthquakes? Analysis by Jonathan Amos, BBC Science Correspondent Iran is one of those regions of the world that is all too familiar with quakes, and has experienced some very big tremors in the past. In general terms, the big driver here is the clash between the Arabia and Eurasia tectonic plates. The former is pushing north by a couple of centimetres a year. In the south-east of the country, the Arabia plate is actually pushing under the Eurasia plate, but in the north-west these great slabs rub directly against each other. The Zagros mountains are a result of all this compression. Early reports indicate the quake occurred on a thrust fault. This means the crust on one side of the break in the rocks is moved vertically up and over the other side - which fits exactly with this general picture. Geological agencies now produce immediate bulletins on the likely expected casualties. This modelling work is based on factors such as the size of the quake, population density and what is known about local construction methods. It's inexact work, but the first bulletins suggested this event could produce many hundreds of deaths and perhaps thousands of injured individuals.

ইরানের ইতিহাসে অন্যতম ভয়াবহ ভূমিকম্পে চারশোরো বেশি মানুষ নিহত এবং ৭ হাজারেরও বেশি মানুষ আহত হবার পর এখন সেখানে উদ্ধার অভিযান চলছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The 66-year-old former Soviet farm boss claimed a sixth term as president in a widely disputed election on 9 August. He has faced weeks of mass protests against his rule. About 100,000 people have rallied against him weekly in Minsk - by far the biggest opposition protests of his rule. Mr Lukashenko has been in power since 1994, with an authoritarian style reminiscent of the Soviet era, controlling the main media channels, harassing and jailing political opponents and marginalising independent voices. The country's powerful secret police - still called the KGB - closely monitors dissidents. Political novice Svetlana Tikhanovskaya is now Mr Lukashenko's main political rival. She stepped in to challenge him for the presidency after her husband Sergei Tikhanovsky, a popular blogger, was barred from running and sent to jail. She claims to have won 60-70% in places where votes were properly counted - but the president claimed a landslide victory. None of the previous presidential elections held during Mr Lukashenko's long reign were ever judged free and fair by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), a top election monitoring body. But the latest vote, and subsequent crackdown with thousands arrested, has sparked the widest condemnation yet. Major opposition figures, including Ms Tikhanovskaya, are now in exile in neighbouring countries, amid a wave of arrests. Scars of war For years Mr Lukashenko has sought to convince the nation of 9.5 million that he is the best guarantor of stability, a tough nationalist protecting them from foreign meddling. That message still appeals to many older Belarusians. The country was devastated in World War Two - victim of a Nazi scorched-earth policy - and lost nearly one-third of its population. So suspicion of foreigners and pride in the security forces play well among many voters. Back in 2005 the administration of then US President George W Bush called Belarus "the last remaining true dictatorship in the heart of Europe". Mr Lukashenko once warned that anyone joining an opposition protest would be treated as a "terrorist", adding: "We will wring their necks, as one might a duck". In recent years, however, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orban have also drawn strong Western criticism for harassing opponents and extending state power. Fearless of Covid-19 Coronavirus has added an extra dimension to the political ferment in Belarus. Opponents consider Mr Lukashenko's bravado about the virus to be reckless and a sign that he is out of touch. In late May he said Belarus was right not to lock down. "You see that in the affluent West, unemployment is out of control. People are banging on pots. People want to eat. Thank God, we avoided this. We didn't shut down." In March, as countries across Europe were imposing lockdowns, he said: "I am convinced that we may suffer more from panic than from the virus". He suggested combating the virus with hard work, the sauna and vodka. When the rest of Europe cancelled football matches the continuing Belarus fixtures - still drawing big crowds to stadiums - suddenly attracted international interest. Tensions with Russia Before the election Mr Lukashenko's security chiefs accused unnamed Russian forces of trying to help his opponents and foment unrest. Russia remains Belarus's chief ally - they have held joint military exercises and the struggling Belarus economy relies on trade with its powerful neighbour. But in recent years relations have cooled since Moscow moved to end subsidised oil and gas supplies. Belarus authorities arrested 33 Russians near Minsk - all but one at a sanatorium - in July and said they belonged to Wagner, a shadowy Russian mercenary group active in Ukraine, Africa and the Middle East. Russia denied the Belarusian claim that the detained Russians were plotting acts of terrorism, insisting that they were actually in transit, waiting for a flight to Istanbul. They were later released. A former Soviet state farm director, Mr Lukashenko became president in 1994 after leading an anti-corruption drive in parliament. In the August 1991 botched coup attempt against then Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, Mr Lukashenko supported the communist hardliners. Like Vladimir Putin, Mr Lukashenko remains nostalgic for the Soviet Union. And both are keen ice hockey players. A referendum in 2004 lifted the two-term limit on presidents, making it possible for Mr Lukashenko to lead Belarus indefinitely. His origins were humble - raised by a single mother in a poor village in eastern Belarus. He is married to Galina Lukashenko, with whom he has two adult sons, Viktor and Dmitry. He told an interviewer in 2015 that he had no intention of divorcing Galina, although they have not lived together for decades. He has a third son, Nikolai, born in 2004, whose mother Irina Abelskaya was Mr Lukashenko's personal doctor. "An authoritarian style of rule is characteristic of me, and I have always admitted it," he said in August 2003. "You need to control the country, and the main thing is not to ruin people's lives." Despite the mass unrest, Mr Lukashenko insists he will not leave office - but has acknowledged some Belarusians might be "fed up" with his rule. He said Belarus could not return to the instability of the years following the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, and he has twice appeared brandishing a gun during the protests. President Putin says he has formed a police reserve force to intervene in Belarus if necessary - as requested by Mr Lukashenko. Russia could send them in if the protests got really "out of control", Mr Putin said.

আলেকসান্ডার লুকাশেঙ্কোকে প্রায়ই বলা হয়ে থাকে ইউরোপের শেষ স্বৈরশাসক। গত ২৬ বছর ধরে তার ক্ষমতা শক্তভাবে ধরে রেখেছেন মি. লুকাশেঙ্কো।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Sheikh Abdullah al-Mutlaq, a member of the Council of Senior Scholars, said women should dress modestly, but this did not have to mean wearing the abaya. Saudi women are currently required to wear the garment by law. The cleric's intervention comes amid moves to modernise Saudi society and relax restriction on women. "More than 90% of pious Muslim women in the Muslim world do not wear abayas. So we should not force people to wear abayas," Sheikh Mutlaq said on Friday. It is the first time a senior cleric has made such a statement, which may form the basis of Saudi law in the future. What has the reaction been? Sheikh Mutlaq's intervention has generated intense reaction online, with people expressing both support and opposition. "The abaya is a matter of tradition in one of our regions and has become applicable to all. It is not an issue of religion," wrote Twitter user Mashari Ghamdi. "Even if one hundred fatwas have been issued, I swear to God I will never leave my abaya. Over my dead body. Girls, do not listen to the fatwas…" wrote twitter user @Kooshe90. Women who do not wear the abaya in places where they may be seen by men who are not related to them face being chastised by the religious police. In 2016, a Saudi woman was detained for removing her abaya on a main street in the capital of Riyadh, Reuters news agency reported. However in recent years Saudi women have begun wearing more colourful abayas that contrast with the traditional black, and open abayas worn over long skirts or jeans are also becoming more common in some parts of the country, Reuters says. What is the background? Sheikh Mutlaq's intervention follows earlier moves to modernise Saudi society, part of a social reform plan spearheaded by Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who has pledged to transform the country with the government's Vision 2030 programme. It is aimed at giving more freedom to Saudi women, who face strict gender segregation rules, and follows the historic lifting of a driving ban in September 2017. In the same month, women were allowed to participate in Saudi Arabia's National Day celebrations for the first time. Last month women were permitted to watch football live in stadiums in some cities. Last year, Saudi Arabia also announced that it was lifting a ban on commercial cinemas that has lasted more than three decades. The first cinemas are expected to open in March this year. In December, thousands of women cheered and rose in a standing ovation at the first public concert performed by a female singer in the country. You might also like: Up until now, such sports and entertainment venues have been men-only areas. What can Saudi women still not do? There are many things that Saudi women are unable to do without permission from the men in their lives. These things include, but are not limited to: These restrictions are down to Saudi Arabia's guardianship system, which has aligned the country with a strict form of Sunni Islam known as Wahhabism. Under the system, every woman must have a male companion with her in public, usually a close family member, who has authority to act on her behalf in these circumstances. This has helped create one of the most gender unequal countries in the Middle East.

সৌদি আরবের একজন শীর্ষ ধর্মীয় নেতা বলেছেন, সেদেশে মেয়েদের 'আবায়া' বা বোরকা পরতেই হবে এমন কোন ব্যাপার নেই। মেয়েদের আব্রু বজায় রেখে পোশাক পরতে হবে, কিন্তু তার মানে এই নয় যে তাদের আবায়া পরতে হবে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The boy's twin brother also underwent the procedure in Rome's north-western suburb of Monterondo and is recovering in hospital. A 66-year-old man has been charged with murder, according to Italian media. Some 5,000 circumcisions are performed in Italy each year but more than a third are carried out illegally, according to health charity Amsi. Cultural non-profit group Arci said the procedures had taken place at a refugee centre it runs with the local council in Monterondo. "It is a tragedy that leaves us speechless," Arci said in a statement on Facebook, adding that it would take civil action once those responsible for the child's death had been determined by police. The two boys, who have not been named, were born in Italy in 2017 to a Nigerian mother who has five other children in Nigeria. Local media say the mother had asked for the operations in respect for Nigeria's Islamic traditions, despite being Catholic herself. The medical credentials of the doctor are reportedly being questioned by police. Ansa said the man arrested was an American citizen of Libyan origin. "It is an absurd tragedy," said Antonino Lupi, mayor of Monterondo, in an interview with the Corriere Della Sera. Circumcision is currently unavailable in public health institutions in Italy. Having the procedure at a private clinic can cost between €2,000 (£1,798) and €4,000 (£3,596), according to Foad Aodi, president of Amsi. As a result, those from poorer backgrounds can "end up in the hands of unscrupulous and unskilled people, who for €50 or €20 practise circumcision," Mr Aodi said in a statement. Is circumcision safe? By Michelle Roberts, BBC News Online health editor Although it is a relatively simple medical procedure, circumcision is not entirely risk free. Doctors may recommend that a man or boy is circumcised if he has an unusually tight foreskin, known as phimosis, or suffers from recurrent infections of the foreskin and penis, known as balanitis. There is also some evidence that men who are circumcised have a lower risk of contracting HIV from HIV-positive female partners. It is not clear if circumcision reduces the risk of other sexually transmitted infections too, but studies suggest it may lower the chance of catching genital warts caused by a family of viruses called HPV. The main risks of the surgery are bleeding and infection. In the UK, the chance of these occurring is between one in 10 and one in 50, according to the NHS website, although that is a figure for older boys and men, not newborns. How do other European countries compare? Circumcision is legal throughout Europe, although the practice is becoming more controversial. A court in Germany passed a local ban in 2012 after the circumcision of a four-year-old Muslim boy led to complications, with the judge saying it "permanently and irreparably changed" the body. However, the German government later that year clarified that the procedure is legal provided it is performed by trained practitioners. The following year, the Council of Europe recommended countries take steps to ensure good medical and sanitary practices when performing a circumcision. And in the UK in 2016, a court ruled that a Muslim father could not have his sons circumcised after their mother disagreed.

ইতালিতে অভিবাসীদের এক কেন্দ্রে একটি দু'বছরের শিশুর খৎনা করানোর সময় অতিরিক্ত রক্তক্ষরণ শুরু হবার ফলে ছেলেটি মারা গেছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Hassan Rouhani said foreign forces had always brought "pain and misery" and should not be used in an "arms race". The US is sending more troops to Saudi Arabia after an attack on Saudi oil facilities both nations blame on Iran. Mr Rouhani also said Iran would present a new Gulf peace initiative at the United Nations in the coming days. This year has seen continuing tension between the US and Iran, following President Donald Trump's abandonment of a deal aimed at limiting Iran's nuclear activities in return for the easing of sanctions. The latest flashpoint was caused by drone and missile attacks on the Saudi oil facilities at Abqaiq and Khurais on 14 September. Yemen's Iran-aligned Houthi rebels said they had carried out the attacks, but both the US and its ally Saudi Arabia - Iran's main regional rival - said Iran was behind them, something Tehran has strongly denied. Angry rhetoric and its dangers The crisis sparked by the attacks is being dangerously inflamed by angry rhetoric. President Trump's knee-jerk reaction was to tell the Iranians the US was "locked and loaded". So the region braced for a US retaliatory strike. Washington pulled back, restrained by a nervous Saudi Arabia. Instead it is sending a small detachment of what are essentially military technicians to bolster Saudi Arabia's blatantly inadequate air and missile defences. The move is defensive, and may not even be enough to prevent another "swarm" attack of explosive drones. Yet Iran's hard-line Revolutionary Guards are interpreting it as an aggressive, almost invasive, act. The danger now is that one side or the other misinterprets the signals from the other side of the Gulf and does something that inadvertently propels this region into a war that nobody wants. What has Mr Rouhani said? He was speaking on the anniversary of the start of the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war, and alongside a series of military parades in Tehran and other cities. "Foreign forces can cause problems and insecurity for our people and for our region," he said in the televised speech. He called the deployment of such forces in the past a "disaster" and told them to "stay away". "If they're sincere, then they should not make our region the site of an arms race... The farther you keep yourselves from our region and our nations, the more security there will be." What about his peace initiative? The president said it would be presented to the UN, which begins the main part of its general assembly in New York on Tuesday. However, he gave no details, saying only that peace in the Strait of Hormuz could be achieved "in co-operation with various countries". Mr Rouhani said Iran was "ready to let go of the past mistakes" made by regional neighbours. "In this sensitive and important historical moment, we announce to our neighbours, that we extend the hand of friendship and brotherhood to them," he said. The Houthi rebels in Yemen have also made a peace initiative, saying they would end all attacks on Saudi Arabia provided the kingdom and its allies did the same. UN Special Envoy for Yemen Martin Griffiths said in a statement it was important to "take advantage of this opportunity and move forward with all necessary steps to reduce violence, military escalation and unhelpful rhetoric". What is the US troop deployment? The Pentagon announced on Friday that, in response to a Saudi request, there would be a moderate deployment to Saudi Arabia, not in the thousands and focused on air and missile defence. Defence Secretary Mark Esper said: "We will also work to accelerate the delivery of military equipment." The announcement brought a strong response from Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps - an elite branch of Tehran's military designated a terrorist organisation by the US. Commander Maj Gen Hossein Salami said: "Whoever wants their land to become the main battlefield, go ahead. Be careful, a limited aggression will not remain limited. We will pursue any aggressor." What was behind the oil attacks? The Houthis have repeatedly said they were behind the oil attacks, the Saudis have repeatedly blamed Iran and Tehran has repeatedly denied any involvement. The attacks had a serious, if not long-term, effect on Saudi oil supplies. The Saudis have displayed what they say is debris from Iranian-made weapons but have not yet released their full findings. The Houthis have launched numerous drone, missile and rocket attacks on the Gulf kingdom. It stems from their conflict with a Saudi-led coalition which launched an air campaign in 2015 against the rebels, who had ousted President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi and seized the capital, Sanaa. The suspicion of Iranian involvement in the oil attacks stems from the more wide-ranging regional rivalry with Saudi Arabia and the antagonism over the abandonment of the nuclear deal. The US has also blamed Iran for attacks on two oil tankers in the Gulf in June and July, as well as on another four in May. Tehran rejected the accusations in both cases.

প্রেসিডেন্ট ট্রাম্প উপসাগরীয় এলাকায় সৈন্য মোতায়েনের ঘোষণা দেওয়ার পর ইরান বলছে, বিভিন্ন বিদেশি শক্তি এই অঞ্চলের নিরাপত্তার জন্যে হুমকির কারণ হয়ে উঠছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

It took 67 days from the first reported of Covid-19 to reach 100,000 cases, 11 days for the second 100,000, and just four days for the third 100,000. But WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said it was still possible to "change the trajectory". He urged countries to adopt rigorous testing and contact-tracing strategies. "What matters most is what we do. You can't win a football game by defending. You have to attack as well," he told a joint news conference with Fifa president Gianni Infantino to launch a "kick out coronavirus" campaign featuring footballers. Dr Tedros said asking people to stay at home and other physical-distancing measures were an important way of slowing down the spread of the virus, but described them as "defensive measures that will not help us to win". "To win, we need to attack the virus with aggressive and targeted tactics - testing every suspected case, isolating and caring for every confirmed case, and chasing and quarantining every close contact." Dr Tedros expressed alarm at reports from around the world of large numbers of infections among health workers, which appeared to be the result of a shortage of adequate personal protective equipment. "Health workers can only do their jobs effectively when they can do their jobs safely," he warned. "Even if we do everything else right, if we don't prioritise protecting health workers many people will die because the health worker who could have saved their life is sick." He said the WHO has been working with its partners to rationalise and prioritise the use of protective equipment, and to address the global shortage of it. But he noted: "Measures put in place to slow the spread of the virus may have unintended consequences of exacerbating shortages of essential protective gear and the materials needed to make them." The WHO chief called for "political commitment and political co-ordination at the global level" and said he would ask leaders of the G20 group of nations this week to work together to boost production of protective equipment, avoid export bans and ensure equity of distribution on the basis of need. Europe's battle against virus intensifies UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced on Monday night that, with immediate effect, "people will only be allowed to leave their home...for very limited purposes". They include shopping for basic necessities, taking one form of exercise per day, fulfilling any medical need, or travelling to work if working from home is impossible. The number of people who have died in the UK rose to 335 on Monday. In Italy, the worst-hit country in the world, the authorities said 602 people with Covid-19 had died in the past 24 hours, bringing the total death toll there to 6,077. But the daily increase was the smallest since Thursday, raising hope that the stringent restrictions imposed by the government were starting to have an effect. Spain, however, said its death toll had risen by 462 to 2,182 - a 27% increase. France reported 186 new deaths, bringing its total to 860. The government will tighten the lockdown there from Tuesday, strictly limiting physical exercise and closing most open-air markets. Meanwhile, International Olympic Committee member Dick Pound said the 2020 Tokyo Olympics would be postponed by one year because of coronavirus. However, the IOC has not yet formally announced a decision on the future of the Games. The IOC has given itself four weeks to decide on the future of the games, but Australia and Canada have said they will not compete in Japan this summer and Great Britain has said it is unlikely that it would be able to send a team. In other developments:

বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা হুঁশিয়ার করেছে যে, করোনাভাইরাস থেকে সৃষ্ট মহামারি আরো "বেগবান" হচ্ছে। এ পর্যন্ত তিন লাখের বেশি মানুষ এতে আক্রান্ত হয়েছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Paul RinconScience editor, BBC News website The Chang'e-4 mission will see a static lander and rover touch down in Von Kármán crater, located on the side of the Moon which never faces Earth. The payload blasted off atop a Long March 3B rocket from Xichang Satellite Launch Center. The mission will pave the way for the country to deliver samples of Moon rock and soil to Earth. The landing will not occur until early January, when the probe will descend on thrusters and touch down on the rugged terrain of the lunar far side. Von Kármán crater is of interest to scientists because it is located within the oldest and largest impact feature on the Moon - the South Pole-Aitken Basin. This was probably formed by a giant asteroid impact billions of years ago. The landers will characterise the region's geology and the composition of rock and soil. Because of a phenomenon called "tidal locking", we see only one "face" of the Moon from Earth. This is because the Moon takes just as long to rotate on its own axis as it takes to complete one orbit of Earth. Though often referred to as the "dark side", this face of the Moon is also illuminated by the Sun and has the same phases as the near side; "dark" in this context simply means "unseen". The far side looks rather different to the more familiar near side. It has a thicker, older crust that is pocked with more craters. There are also few of the "mare" - dark basaltic "seas" created by lava flows - that are evident on the near side. The powerful impact that created the South Pole Aitken Basin may have punched through the crust down to the Moon's mantle layer. Chang'e-4's instruments could examine whether this was the case, shedding light on the early history of our only natural satellite. Seed experiment The mission will also characterise the "radio environment" on the far side, a test designed to lay the groundwork for the creation of future radio astronomy telescopes on the far side, which is shielded from the radio noise of Earth. The static lander will carry a 3kg (6.6lb) container with potato and arabidopsis plant seeds to perform a biological experiment. The "lunar mini biosphere" experiment was designed by 28 Chinese universities. "We want to study the respiration of the seeds and the photosynthesis on the Moon," Liu Hanlong, chief director of the experiment and vice president of Chongqing University, told the state-run Xinhua news agency earlier this year. Xie Gengxin, chief designer of the experiment, told Xinhua: "We have to keep the temperature in the 'mini biosphere' within a range from 1 degree to 30 degrees, and properly control the humidity and nutrition. We will use a tube to direct the natural light on the surface of Moon into the tin to make the plants grow." Because the landers on the far side have no line of sight with our planet, they must send data back via a relay satellite named Queqiao, launched by China in May this year. The probe's design is based on that of its predecessor, Chang'e-3, which deployed landing craft to the Moon's Mare Imbrium region in 2013. However, it has some important modifications. China's lunar ambitions The lander is carrying two cameras; a German-built radiation experiment called LND; and a spectrometer that will perform the low-frequency radio astronomy observations. The rover will carry a panoramic camera; a radar to probe beneath the lunar surface; an imaging spectrometer to identify minerals; and an experiment to examine the interaction of the solar wind (a stream of energised particles from the Sun) with the lunar surface. The mission is part of a larger Chinese programme of lunar exploration. The first and second Chang'e missions were designed to gather data from orbit, while the third and fourth were built for surface operations. Chang'e-5 and 6 are sample return missions, delivering lunar rock and soil to laboratories on Earth. Follow Paul on Twitter.

চাঁদের অদেখা অংশে প্রথমবারের মতো একটি রোবট যান নামানোর অভিযান শুরু করেছে চীন। দেশটির গণমাধ্যম এই খবর দিয়েছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Mr Khan said the move was in breach of international law, adding that he feared ethnic cleansing by India. The region remains locked down, a day after India announced the move. The Himalayan region of Kashmir is claimed in its entirety by both India and Pakistan, but each country controls only part of it. There is a long-running separatist insurgency on the Indian side, which has led to thousands of deaths over three decades. India accuses Pakistan of supporting insurgents - an accusation Pakistan denies, saying it gives only moral and diplomatic support to Kashmiris who want self-determination. What did Mr Khan say? The Pakistani prime minister said he wanted to "tell the world" about the decision announced by the Indian government on Monday. "Through the United Nations Security Council, we are studying it now, we will raise it in General Assembly, we will talk to heads of States at every forum... we will raise it in the media and tell the world," he told parliament on Tuesday. Mr Khan said he thought the removal of special status would allow India to change the demographic make-up of the Muslim-majority state. "I am afraid that [India] will now carry out ethnic cleansing in Kashmir," he said. "They will try to remove the local people and bring in others and make them a majority, so that the locals become nothing but slaves." Earlier, Pakistan's powerful army chief said his troops stood by Kashmiris in their "just struggle". Neighbouring China has also voiced opposition to the Indian move, describing it as "unacceptable". What's happening on the ground? A telecoms and media blackout in Indian-administered Kashmir, combined with a curfew, is being enforced amid concern that the government's decision to revoke autonomy could trigger large-scale protests by people already unhappy with Indian rule. The BBC's Aamir Peerzada in Srinagar, who managed to access one of the few working landlines in the state, said there was a palpable sense of anger and betrayal among people he had spoken to. Instances of protest and stone-throwing were reported and local leaders have been detained. Kashmiris in other parts of the country said that they were unable to get through to their families. Tens of thousands of additional troops were deployed ahead of the government's announcement on Monday, in what was already one of the world's most militarised zones, and more troops have been sent since. How has Kashmir's status changed? For many people in Indian-administered Kashmir, Article 370 - as the law guaranteeing special status was known - was the main justification for being a part of India. By revoking it, the Bharatiya Janata Party-led government has irrevocably changed Delhi's relationship with the region. The article allowed the the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir a certain amount of autonomy - its own constitution, a separate flag and the freedom to make laws, though foreign affairs, defence and communications remained the preserve of the central government. It could make its own rules relating to permanent residency, ownership of property and fundamental rights. It could also bar Indians from outside the state from purchasing property or settling there. The government said Article 370 needed to be scrapped to put the state on the same footing as the rest of India. But many Kashmiris believe that the BJP ultimately wants to change the demographic character of the Muslim-majority region by allowing non-Kashmiris to buy land there. What's happening in India's parliament? The revocation of special status was debated in parliament during the introduction of a bill relating to the division of Jammu and Kashmir into two distinct regions. The bill - which seeks to split the state into two union territories, Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh - was passed by both houses of parliament. Union territories have less autonomy from the federal government than states do. Before it was passed, the bill drew sharp criticism from opposition MPs. Lawmakers from the south, such as those from the DMK party, expressed concern about what they saw as weakening of India's federalism. They accused the government of "denying the will of the people" of Kashmir since the decision to revoke Article 370 was taken without consulting the state's lawmakers. But the opposition is also divided. Several parties, including Delhi's AAP, have backed the decision to revoke Article 370 and bifurcate the state.

পাকিস্তানের প্রধানমন্ত্রী ইমরান খান প্রতিশ্রুতি দিয়েছেন যে, কাশ্মীরের বিশেষ মর্যাদা প্রত্যাহারে ভারতের সিদ্ধান্তের বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই করবেন। জাতিসংঘের নিরাপত্তা পরিষদে তিনি বিষয়টি তুলবেন বলে জানিয়েছেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Lucy Hooker & Daniele PalumboBBC Business Now, after only 10 months, the injections have begun and the firms behind the front-runners are household names. As a result, investment analysts are forecasting that at least two of them, American biotech company Moderna and Germany's BioNTech with its partner, US giant Pfizer, would be likely to make billions of dollars next year. But it's not clear how much vaccine makers really are set to cash in beyond that. Thanks to the way these vaccines have been funded and the number of firms joining the race to make them, any opportunity to make big profits could be short-lived. Who put the money in? Due to the urgent need for the vaccine, governments and donors, have poured billions of pounds into projects to create and test them. Philanthropic organisations such as the Gates Foundation backed the quest as well as individuals including Alibaba founder Jack Ma and country music star Dolly Parton. In total, governments have provided £6.5bn, according to science data analytics company Airfinity. Not-for-profit organisations have provided nearly £1.5bn. Only £2.6bn has come from companies' own investment, with many of them heavily reliant on outside funding. There's a good reason that big firms didn't rush in to fund vaccine projects. Creating vaccines, especially in the teeth of an acute health emergency, hasn't proved very profitable in the past. The discovery process takes time and is far from certain. Poorer nations need large supplies but can't afford high prices. And vaccines usually need to be administered just once or twice. Medications that are wanted in wealthier countries, especially ones that require daily doses, are bigger money-spinners. Firms that began work on vaccines for other diseases such as Zika and Sars had their fingers burnt. On the other hand, the market for flu' jabs, which is worth several billion dollars a year, suggests that if Covid-19, like flu, is here to stay and requires annual booster jabs, then it could be profitable for the firms that come up with the most effective, and most cost-effective products. What are they charging? Some firms don't want to be seen to be profiting from the global crisis, especially after receiving so much outside funding. The large US drugmaker, Johnson & Johnson, and the UK's AstraZeneca, which is working with a University of Oxford-based biotech company, have pledged to sell the vaccine at a price that just covers their costs. AstraZeneca's currently looks set to be the cheapest at $4 (£3) per dose. Moderna, a small biotechnology firm, which has been working on the technology behind its ground-breaking RNA vaccine for years, is pricing theirs much higher, at up to $37 per dose. Its aim is to make some profit for the firms' shareholders (although part of the higher price will also cover the costs of transporting those vaccines at very low temperatures). That doesn't mean those prices are fixed, though. Typically, pharmaceutical companies charge different amounts in different countries, according to what governments can afford. AstraZeneca's promise to keep prices low extends only for the "duration of the pandemic". It could start charging higher prices as early as next year, depending on the path of the disease. "Right now, governments in the rich world will pay high prices, they are so eager to get their hands on anything that can help bring an end to the pandemic," says Emily Field, head of European pharmaceutical research at Barclays. As soon as more vaccines come on stream, probably next year, competition may well push prices lower, she says. In the meantime, we shouldn't expect private firms - especially the smaller ones with no other products to sell - to make vaccines without looking for any profit, argues Rasmus Bech Hansen, chief executive of Airfinity. "Bear in mind these companies took a significant risk, moved really fast, and the research and development investments have been significant," he says. And if you want small firms to keep making breakthroughs in future, he says, you need to reward them. But some argue the sheer scale of the humanitarian crisis, and the public financing, means it isn't a time for business as usual. Should they be sharing their technology? With so much at stake, there have been calls for the know-how behind the new vaccines to be pooled, so that other firms in India and South Africa, for example, can manufacture doses for their own markets. Ellen 't Hoen, director of research group Medicines Law and Policy, says that should have been a condition of receiving public funding. "I think it was unwise of our governments to hand over that money without strings attached," she says. At the start of the pandemic, she says, big pharmaceutical companies showed little interest in the race for a vaccine. Only when governments and agencies stepped in with funding pledges did they get to work on it. So she doesn't see why they should have exclusive rights to profit from the results. "These innovations become the private property of these commercial organisations and the control over who gets access to the innovation and access to the knowledge of how to make them stays in the hands of the company," she says. While there is some sharing of intellectual property going on, she says it's nowhere near enough. So will pharma companies make bumper profits? Governments and multilateral organisations have already pledged to buy billions of doses at set prices. So for the next few months, firms will be busy fulfilling those orders as quickly as possible. Those that are selling to countries with deeper pockets will start to see a return on their investment, whereas AstraZeneca, despite having deals to supply the highest number of doses, will only cover its costs. After those first contracts have been fulfilled, it is harder to predict what the new vaccine landscape will look like. It depends on many things: how long immunity lasts in those vaccinated, how many successful vaccines come on stream and whether production and distribution is going smoothly. Barclays' Emily Field thinks the window to make profits will be "very temporary". Even if the front-runners don't share their intellectual property, there are already more than 50 vaccines in clinical trials around the world. "In two years' time, there could be 20 vaccines on the market," says Ms Field. "It's going to be difficult to charge a premium price." She thinks the impact in the long run will have more to do with reputation. A successful vaccine roll-out could help open doors for selling Covid therapies or other products. In that respect, the whole industry is set to benefit, agrees Airfinity's Rasmus Bech Hansen. "That's one of the silver linings that could come out of the pandemic," he says. In future, he expects governments to invest in pandemic strategies the way they do now in defence, viewing it as a necessary expenditure on things they hope not to use. Most promising of all, and one reason why the market value of BioNTech and Moderna has soared, is that their vaccines provide a proof of concept for their RNA technology. "Everyone was impressed with its effectiveness," says Emily Field. "It could change the landscape for vaccines." Before Covid, BioNTech was working on a vaccine for skin cancer. Moderna is pursuing an RNA-based vaccine for ovarian cancer. If either of those succeeds, then the rewards could be huge.

করোনাভাইরাস মহামারির শুরুতেই সবাইকে সতর্ক করা হয়েছিল যে টিকা তৈরি করতে অনেক বছর সময় লেগে যায় - তাই খুব দ্রুত কিছু পাওয়ার আশা যেন আমরা না করি।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Mr Mugabe had been receiving treatment in a hospital in Singapore since April. He was ousted in a military coup in 2017 after 37 years in power. The former president was praised for broadening access to health and education for the black majority. But later years were marked by violent repression of his political opponents and Zimbabwe's economic ruin. His successor, Emmerson Mnangagwa, expressed his "utmost sadness", calling Mr Mugabe "an icon of liberation". Mr Mnangagwa had been Mr Mugabe's deputy before replacing him. Singapore's foreign ministry said it was working with the Zimbabwean embassy there to have Mr Mugabe's body flown back to his home country. Who was Robert Mugabe? He was born on 21 February 1924 in what was then Rhodesia - a British colony, run by its white minority. After criticising the government of Rhodesia in 1964 he was imprisoned for more than a decade without trial. In 1973, while still in prison, he was chosen as president of the Zimbabwe African National Union (Zanu), of which he was a founding member. Once released, he headed to Mozambique, from where he directed guerrilla raids into Rhodesia but he was also seen as a skilled negotiator. Political agreements to end the crisis resulted in the new independent Republic of Zimbabwe. With his high profile in the independence movement, Mr Mugabe secured an overwhelming victory in the republic's first election in 1980. But over his decades in power, international perceptions soured. Mr Mugabe assumed the reputation of a "strongman" leader - all-powerful, ruling by threats and violence but with a strong base of support. An increasing number of critics labelled him a dictator. Shackled to one man He died far from home, bitter, lonely, and humiliated - an epic life, with the shabbiest of endings. Robert Mugabe embodied Africa's struggle against colonialism - in all its fury and its failings. He was a courageous politician, imprisoned for daring to defy white-minority rule. The country he finally led to independence was one of the continent's most promising, and for years Zimbabwe more or less flourished. But when the economy faltered, Mr Mugabe lost his nerve. He implemented a catastrophic land reform programme. Zimbabwe quickly slid into hyperinflation, isolation, and political chaos. The security forces kept Mr Mugabe and his party, Zanu-PF, in power - mostly through terror. But eventually even the army turned against him, and pushed him out. Few nations have ever been so bound, so shackled, to one man. For decades, Mugabe was Zimbabwe: a ruthless, bitter, sometimes charming man - who helped ruin the land he loved. In 2000, he seized land from white owners, and in 2008, used violent militias to silence his political opponents during an election. He famously declared that only God could remove him from office. He was forced into sharing power in 2009 amid economic collapse, installing rival Morgan Tsvangirai as prime minister. But in 2017, amid concerns that he was grooming his wife Grace as his successor, the army - his long-time ally - turned against the president and forced him to step down. What has the reaction been? Deputy Information Minister Energy Mutodi, of Mr Mugabe's Zanu-PF party, told the BBC the party was "very much saddened" by his death. "He's a man who believed himself, he's a man who believed in what he did and he is a man who was very assertive in whatever he said. This was a good man," he said. Not everyone agreed, however. George Walden, one of the British negotiators at the Lancaster House Agreement in 1979 which ended white-minority rule, said Mr Mugabe was a "true monster". The agreement "turned out rather well... and looked good for a while", but Mr Mugabe later became "a grossly corrupt, vicious dictator", he said. Zimbabwean Senator David Coltart, once labelled "an enemy of the state" by Mr Mugabe, said his legacy had been marred by his adherence to violence as a political tool. "He was always committed to violence, going all the way back to the 1960s... he was no Martin Luther King," he told the BBC World Service. "He never changed in that regard." But he acknowledged that there was another side to Robert Mugabe, who had "had a great passion for education... [and] mellowed in his later years". "There's a lot of affection towards him, because we must never forget that he was the person primarily responsible for ending oppressive white minority rule," the senator said. South Africa's President Cyril Ramaphosa called Mr Mugabe a "champion of Africa's cause against colonialism" who inspired our own struggle against apartheid". Kenya's President Uhuru Kenyatta said Mr Mugabe had "played a major role in shaping the interests of the African continent" and was "a man of courage who was never afraid to fight for what he believed in even when it was not popular". Kenya will fly all its flags at half-mast this weekend in honour of Mr Mugabe, he said. Veronica Madgen and her husband ran one of the largest farms in Zimbabwe before it was invaded by Mr Mugabe's supporters, forcing the family to come to the UK. Speaking to the BBC, she recalled: "The tractors [were] being burnt, the motorcycles [were] being burnt, stones [were being] thrown through the window… It was very difficult to actually come to terms with what was happening. "I was sad for him and his family, because for the first 20 years he governed that country, he was a good leader, until that threat of losing that election got hold of him and he turned." Yet Mr Mugabe is likely to be remembered for his early achievements, the BBC's Shingai Nyoka reports from the capital, Harare. In his later years, people called him all sorts of names, but now is probably the time when Zimbabweans will think back to his 37 years in power, she says. There's a local saying that whoever dies becomes a hero, and we're likely to see that now, our correspondent adds.

জিম্বাবুয়ের স্বাধীনতা পরবর্তী প্রথম প্রেসিডেন্ট রবার্ট মুগাবে ৯৫ বছর বয়সে মারা গেছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Anti-government chanting and burning cars were reported on the fifth day of unrest, while police said an officer was killed in a central city and others wounded. At least 13 people are believed to have died in the clashes so far. President Hassan Rouhani said protests were an "opportunity, not a threat" but vowed to crack down on "lawbreakers". The US meanwhile stepped up support for the protesters' "bold resistance". The protests began last Thursday in the city of Mashhad, initially against price rises and corruption but now with wider anti-government sentiment. Where is the violence happening? Reports from Monday's events spoke of a heavy police presence in the capital. The Mehr news agency reported a taxi being set alight. Police had used tear gas and water cannon the previous evening to quell a rally in Tehran's Engheleb Square. State media were also quoting a police spokesman as saying that shots had been fired at police in Najafabad, near Isfahan in central Iran, killing one officer and wounding three. Reuters news agency reported that a police station in the town of Qahderijan was partly set on fire amid clashes between security forces and protesters trying to occupy the building. Unconfirmed reports suggested several casualties, it added. Social media postings spoke of fresh protests in Birjand in the east, Kermanshah in the west and Shadegan in the far south-west. Initially, state TV said that 10 people had been killed overnight on Sunday, but by Monday evening that figure had been raised to 13 by a regional governor: Two people also died in earlier violence. What did the president say? In a statement on the presidency website, Mr Rouhani sought to play down the violence. He said: "This is nothing. Criticism and protest are an opportunity not a threat." But he also vowed to act against "rioters and lawbreakers". "Our nation will deal with this minority who chant slogans against the law and people's wishes, and insult the sanctities and values of the revolution," he said. A later tweet appeared more conciliatory, saying that the government needed to pay attention to people's demands on livelihood issues and corruption. Iran's Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) has taken a tough line, warning anti-government protesters they will face the nation's "iron fist" if political unrest continues. The IRGC is a powerful force with ties to the country's supreme leader, and is dedicated to preserving the country's Islamic system. Correspondents say it would be a significant escalation were they to become officially involved in policing the protests. Judiciary Chief Ayatollah Sadeq Amoli-Larijani on Monday called for a crackdown on "rioters" and "vandals". "Some individuals are exploiting the situation. This is wrong," he said. Up to 400 people are reported to have been arrested in recent days. What has the US said? President Donald Trump stepped his war of words with Iran's leaders on Monday, posting a tweet saying the "great Iranian people have been repressed for many years. They are hungry for food and freedom". He added in capital letters "TIME FOR CHANGE!" Vice-President Mike Pence took an even stronger tone. He tweeted: "The bold and growing resistance of the Iranian people today gives hope and faith to all who struggle for freedom and against tyranny. We must not and we will not let them down." He spoke of the "shameful mistake" of not supporting previous Iranian protesters. The Green Movement in 2009 saw millions of protesters dispute the election victory of incumbent president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. The protests were brutally suppressed, with at least 30 people killed and thousands arrested. The latest US approach has infuriated Iran. Mr Rouhani described the US president as an "enemy of the Iranian nation from the top of his head to his very toes". The EU, meanwhile, called on Iran to guarantee its citizens' right to peaceful protest, saying it had been in touch with Iranian authorities and was monitoring the situation. Meanwhile, UK Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson said that "the UK is watching events in Iran closely". "We believe that there should be meaningful debate about the legitimate and important issues the protesters are raising and we look to the Iranian authorities to permit this", he said. Where will the protests lead? Analysis by Kasra Naji, BBC Persian There is widespread and seething discontent in Iran where repression is pervasive and economic hardship is getting worse - one BBC Persian investigation has found that on average Iranians have become 15% poorer in the past 10 years. Protests have remained confined to relatively small pockets of mostly young male demonstrators who are demanding the overthrow of the clerical regime. They have spread to small towns throughout the country and have the potential to grow in size. But there is no obvious leadership. Opposition figures have long been silenced or sent into exile. Some protesters have been calling for the return of the monarchy and the former shah's son, Reza Pahlavi, who lives in exile in the United States, has issued a statement supporting the demonstrations. But there are signs that he is as much in the dark about where these protests are going as anyone else. BBC Persian, which broadcasts on TV, on radio and online from London, is banned in Iran - where staff and their families routinely face harassment and questioning from the authorities.

সোমবারও রাতভর বিক্ষোভ হয়েছে ইরান জুড়ে। যদিও দেশটির প্রেসিডেন্ট হাসান রুহানি এই বিক্ষোভকে 'কিছুই না' বলে অভিহিত করেছেন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Anbarasan Ethirajan BBC News, Dhaka In a BBC interview, she said existing laws were sufficient to punish anyone who attempted to insult religion. Her comments came just days after hundreds of thousands of supporters of an umbrella organisation of Islamists held a massive rally in Dhaka. The marchers called for the death penalty for those guilty of blasphemy. Ms Hasina said: "They have demanded it. Actually, we don't have any plan to [bring in the law]. We don't need it. They should know that existing laws are enough. "This country is a secular democracy. So each and every religion has the right to practice their religion freely and fair. But it is not fair to hurt anybody's religious feeling. Always we try to protect every religious sentiment." The Islamists have given a three-week ultimatum to the government to meet their demands, including tough punishment to those who they describe as atheist bloggers, who are also accused of making derogatory comments against Islam. "We will go through all the demands and then we will see. If there is any reasonable one, we will fulfil. If it is not reasonable or not suitable for our country or society we will not accept it," the prime minister said. She also defended her government's decision to arrest four bloggers last week on suspicion of harming religious sentiment through their work. The arrests prompted eight blog operators to black out their websites, with liberals accusing the government of yielding to Islamist pressure. But the prime minister dismissed those accusations. "No, [it's] not that. If anybody tried to hurt any sentiments of any religion or any religious leader, there is a law. We can take any action." 'Under attack' Bangladesh has been rocked by a series of protests by opposition parties in recent weeks. The Jamaat-e-Islami, Bangladesh's largest Islamist party, has been holding demonstrations demanding the immediate release of its leaders, who are facing war crimes charges. Two of its senior leaders have already been convicted by a special tribunal. Seven more are still facing the trial. More than 80 people have been killed in clashes in the last few months, most of them shot by police. Human rights groups have accused the security forces of using excessive force to control the riots. Ms Hasina defended the police action. "Security forces are law enforcing agencies, they have to protect people and people's property. You know many police officers were killed… If police are under attack, what will they do?" Ms Hasina said. The prime minister also rejected calls by the main opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) to restore a neutral interim caretaker administration to oversee parliamentary polls. The BNP has made it clear that it will not take part in any election held under the incumbent government because it says the polls will not be free or fair. "If they don't participate in the election, as a political party they will lose their seats," Ms Hasina said. With increasing political violence and instability, there is apprehension that the government might declare a state of emergency to bring the situation under control. But the prime minister firmly dismissed those fears, saying the government had no plans to impose emergency rule.

বাংলাদেশের প্রধানমন্ত্রী শেখ হাসিনা দেশটির আইন-শৃঙ্খলা রক্ষাকারী বাহিনীর হেফাজতে নির্যাতন ও অমানবিক কায়দায় অত্যাচারের গুরুতর অভিযোগ নাকচ করে দিয়েছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

He is due to announce the controversial decision in a speech later. Mr Trump is also expected to approve moving the US embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, but not for several years. Israel welcomes the changes but the Palestinians and Arab leaders have warned they will jeopardise any Middle East peace process. The Palestinians' UK representative, Manuel Hassassian, told the BBC the changes would be the "kiss of death" to the two-state peace solution and amounted to declaring war in the Middle East. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has yet to comment officially but Education Minister Naftali Bennett called on other countries to follow Washington's lead. "Jerusalem has been and always will be the eternal capital," he told the Jerusalem Post Diplomatic Conference. Pope Francis called for the "status quo" to be respected. Dialogue would only come through "recognising the rights of all people" in the region, he said. And UK Foreign Secretary, Boris Johnson, said he viewed the reports of what Mr Trump would say "with concern". Israel regards Jerusalem as its "eternal and undivided" capital, while the Palestinians claim East Jerusalem - occupied by Israel in the 1967 war - as the capital of a future Palestinian state. In recognising Jerusalem as Israel's capital, the US becomes the first country to do so since the foundation of the state in 1948. What is so contentious about Jerusalem's status? The issue goes to the heart of Israel's conflict with the Palestinians, who are backed by the Arab and wider Islamic world. The city is home to key religious sites sacred to Judaism, Islam and Christianity, especially in East Jerusalem. Israel annexed the sector from Jordan after the 1967 Middle East war and regards the entire city as its indivisible capital. According to the 1993 Israel-Palestinian peace accords, its final status is meant to be discussed in the latter stages of talks. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem has never been recognised internationally and all countries maintain their embassies in Tel Aviv. Since 1967, Israel has built a dozen settlements, home to about 200,000 Jews, in East Jerusalem. These are considered illegal under international law, though Israel disputes this. In recognising Jerusalem as Israel's capital, the US could reinforce Israel's position that settlements in the east are valid Israeli communities. What is the US proposing? Trump administration officials said recognising Jerusalem as Israel's capital was seen as "a recognition of reality" by the US government. However, specific boundaries of the city would remain subject to a final status agreement, the official said. The status of holy sites would not be affected. Mr Trump would also direct the state department to begin the process of moving the US embassy to Jerusalem - but this could take several years as it still has to be designed and built and security concerns would need to be addressed. He originally promised the move to pro-Israel voters during his campaign for the presidency. The US officials added that the president would still sign a regular waiver blocking the embassy's move from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem until the new building was completed. Successive presidents have signed waivers on the grounds of national security for the 1995 Jerusalem Embassy Act, which mandates moving the embassy. Mr Trump has vowed to pursue a peace agreement between Israelis and Palestinians, led by his son-in-law and top adviser Jared Kushner. An administration official said the new US policy on Jerusalem was not designed to favour Israel in that process. What other reaction has there been? US government employees and their families have been barred from personal travel in Jerusalem's Old City and the West Bank for security reasons ahead of expected protests. Israel's intelligence minister Israel Katz told Army Radio that Israel was "preparing for every option", including an outbreak of violence. France, the European Union and the Arab League have also expressed concern. No sign it's a bargaining chip Analysis by Barbara Plett-Usher, state department correspondent, BBC News By recognising Jerusalem as Israel's capital President Trump is fulfilling a campaign promise. There is no other obvious reason he is doing this now. Administration officials said he would simply be acknowledging reality - that Jerusalem functions as Israel's capital. They said the decision would not determine final status issues such as boundaries and sovereignty - that is still left to negotiations. On other core issues of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Arab and Muslim leaders may be able to work with changes in the US approach but Jerusalem is also holy land, not just a disputed capital. Jordan and Saudi Arabia are custodians of Islam's holy sites and have issued strong warnings that this move could inflame the Muslim world. There is also no indication that this is a bargaining chip to advance the peace process: according to the officials, President Trump is not expected to publicly endorse a two-state solution. It sounds like the Palestinians will get nothing. Perhaps there is a wider strategy at work but it looks like a workaround so the president can satisfy his pro-Israel voters.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের কর্মকর্তারা এখন নিশ্চিত করছেন প্রেসিডেন্ট ট্রাম্প আজই (বুধবার) জেরুজালেমকে ইসরায়েলের রাজধানী হিসাবে স্বীকৃতি দিতে চলেছেন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

It is urging employers to "move away" from relying on "cheap labour" from Europe and invest in retaining staff and developing automation technology. The Home Office said EU and non-EU citizens coming to the UK would be treated equally after UK-EU free movement ends on 31 December. Labour said a "hostile environment" would make it hard to attract workers. But Home Secretary Priti Patel told BBC Breakfast the government wanted to "encourage people with the right talent" and "reduce the levels of people coming to the UK with low skills". She added that businesses could also recruit from among eight million "economically inactive" potential workers in the UK. But the SNP called this a "ridiculous or dangerous idea", as many in this group were suffering "ill health or injury". Who is 'skilled'? Under the plan, the definition of skilled workers would be expanded to include those educated to A-level/Scottish Highers-equivalent standard, not just graduate level, as is currently the case. Waiting tables and certain types of farm worker would be removed from the new skilled category, but new additions would include carpentry, plastering and childminding. How would it work? The government wants to bring in a "points-based" immigration system, as promised in the Conservative election manifesto. Under this, overseas citizens would have to reach 70 points to be able to work in the UK. Speaking English and having the offer of a skilled job with an "approved sponsor" would give them 50 points. More points would be awarded for qualifications, the salary on offer and working in a sector with shortages. Workers from European Economic Area countries currently have the automatic right to live and work in the UK irrespective of their salary or skill level. The government says this will end on 31 December, when the 11-month post-Brexit transition period is due to finish. Pay levels The salary threshold for skilled workers wanting to come to the UK would be lowered from £30,000 to £25,600. However, the government says the threshold would be as low as £20,480 for people in "specific shortage occupations" - which currently include nursing, civil engineering, psychology and classical ballet dancing - or those with PhDs relevant to a specific job. But there would no longer be an overall cap on the number of skilled workers who could come into the UK. Problems ahead for social care The immigration plans spell trouble for adult social care. The majority of people employed by the sector are low-paid care workers. They are responsible for providing daily help to older and disabled adults in care homes and the community. There are already significant shortages - one in 11 posts are unfilled. Foreign workers make up a sixth of the 840,000-strong care worker workforce in England. It is hard to see how in the future these staff could qualify. Even if it is classed as a skilled job - and even that is in doubt, as many workers do not come via an A-level route - the pay at under £20,000 on average is too low to qualify for any points. Nor is the role classed a shortage occupation. It seems certain applicants will fall well-short of the 70 points needed. What about lower-paid sectors? The government said it would not introduce a route for lower-skilled/lower-paid workers, urging businesses to "adapt and adjust" to the end of free movement between EU countries and the UK. Instead, it said the 3.2 million EU citizens who have applied to stay in the UK could help meet labour demands. But bodies representing farming, catering and nursing are warning that it will be hard to recruit staff under the new system. The Royal College of Nursing said the proposals would "not meet the health and care needs of the population". National Farmers' Union president Minette Batters raised "serious concerns" about the "failure to recognise British food and farming's needs". And the Food and Drink Federation spoke of concerns about bakers, meat processors and workers making food like cheese and pasta not qualifying under the new system. However, the government pointed to a quadrupling of the scheme for seasonal workers in agriculture to 10,000, as well as "youth mobility arrangements", allowing 20,000 young people to come to the UK each year. Laura's view Laura, an Italian living in London, says the government's proposals are "short-sighted". She is now a communications manager but worked as a waitress when she arrived in the UK in 2015. Laura says she would not have met the new points requirements if they had been in place in back then. "Through the complete dismissal of low-skilled workers, it fails to acknowledge that people who start at a lower skill level often progress further up the ladder, thus increasing their tax contribution over time," she says. "Also, low-skilled workers are as vitally needed by any economy as high-skill people are." Benefit entitlements Under the plan, all migrants would only be entitled to access income-related benefits until after indefinite leave to remain is granted, usually after five years. Currently, EU nationals in the UK can claim benefits if they are "economically active". Non-EU citizens become eligible for benefits when they are granted permanent residence, which usually requires five years of living legally in the UK. What is the political reaction? For Labour, shadow home secretary Diane Abbott said the government did not "appear to have thought through what the effects of this policy will be on the economy as a whole and what message it sends to migrants already living and working here". Liberal Democrat home affairs spokeswoman Christine Jardine said the proposals were based on "xenophobia". And Scotland's First Minister and SNP leader Nicola Sturgeon said the plans would be "devastating" for the Scottish economy.

ব্রেক্সিটের পর ব্রিটেনের অভিবাসন বিষয়ক পরিকল্পনা অনুযায়ী কম দক্ষতা সম্পন্ন কর্মীরা ব্রিটেনের ভিসা পাবেন না বলে জানিয়েছে সরকার।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Mrs Trump and her son, 11, had stayed in New York to finish the school year. The decision was seen as unusual by some, as she was the first presidential spouse in recent years not to relocate to the capital immediately. Separately Mr Trump's daughter, Ivanka, said in a TV interview that her father had been "subjected to a level of viciousness that I was not expecting". In an interview with the Fox and Friends morning TV show, she said that she had been left blindsided by the ferocity of some of the attacks levelled against the president. Ms Trump said that she felt "very vindicated" by former FBI Director James Comey's recent Senate testimony because it supported her father's contention that he was not being personally investigated for alleged links to Russia and that Mr Comey had on at least one occasion supplied a leak to The New York Times. A Fox News report said that Ms Trump - who along with her husband Jared Kushner is a special adviser to the president - "glided past the more controversial interview topics like a seasoned vet". Delighted by the move Melania Trump is the first presidential spouse in recent history to delay her arrival in Washington, following her husband's inauguration at the start of the year. Her predecessor, Michelle Obama, even moved to Washington early to get her daughters settled in their new school. However, it seems the First Lady is delighted by the move, tweeting a picture looking out across the White House lawn, marking the occasion. The move will also no doubt be welcomed by New Yorkers, who have footed a hefty security bill keeping the First Family safe in Trump Tower. Their presence in the Big Apple has also been known to create a fair few traffic problems. The New York Post warned of a potential "traffic apocalypse" if they did not make the move. Get news from the BBC in your inbox, each weekday morning

ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্টের দায়িত্ব গ্রহণের প্রায় পাঁচ মাস পর হোয়াইট হাউজের বাসিন্দা হলেন মেলানিয়া ট্রাম্প ও তাঁর ছেলে ব্যারন ট্রাম্প।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Ahmed Ali said Ms Begum, who travelled from London to Syria aged 15, had "done wrong, whether or not she realised it". Mr Ali spoke to the BBC in a village in north-eastern Bangladesh before he found out Ms Begum's baby son had died. He said the UK should allow his daughter to return home, where she could face prosecution. Ms Begum had her British citizenship revoked by the home secretary after she asked to return. Ms Begum - who left the UK in 2015 - was nine months pregnant and living in a Syrian refugee camp when the Times newspaper found her in February. She said she did not regret joining IS, but that she felt the "caliphate" was at an end. Shortly after the birth of her son, Jarrah, she told the BBC she wished her child to be raised in the UK. But Jarrah died of pneumonia on Thursday, according to a medical certificate. He was less than three weeks old. As Jarrah was born before Ms Begum was deprived of UK citizenship by the Home Office, he was considered British. Referring to Ms Begum, Mr Ali told the BBC: "She has done wrong, I apologise to everyone as her father, to the British people. "I am sorry for Shamima's doing. I request to the British people, please forgive her." Mr Ali, 60, pointed out his daughter was a child when she travelled to Syria. "She was under age at that time, she couldn't understand that much. I suppose someone influenced her to do that," he said. "I admit that she has done wrong, whether or not she realised it." He urged the British government and public to "take her back and punish her if she had done any mistake". Asked whether he knew Ms Begum was being radicalised, he said he had "no idea". In recent years he had lived mainly in Bangladesh, he said, visiting London for periods of between two and four weeks. "I do not stay there more than that. I do not know much about her [lately]," he said. "The time I stayed with Shamima, I never felt any such behaviour of going to Syria or joining IS." 'A different world' By BBC News reporter Ethirajan Anbarasan - who interviewed Ahmed Ali Mr Ali was looking frail, anxious and worried. He was surprised to hear that we had come all the way from London to talk to him. He preferred to speak in his native Bengali language than English and he sounded very worried about his daughter's future. He couldn't explain how she got radicalised. But at the same time he also questioned how British immigration allowed her to travel on someone else's passport. Living far away from the media gaze, Mr Ali seems to be living a quiet life with his second wife in Dawrai, a picturesque village in the district of Sunamganj. His house was surrounded by coconut and mango trees and lush green paddy fields. A single track road, most of it potholed dirt track, leads to the village. Chickens and other birds were chirping all the time. For Mr Ali, it must be a different world compared to his other home in noisy east London. The home secretary has been criticised for refusing to allow Ms Begum to return to the UK with her child. Ms Begum's sister, Renu, wrote to him two weeks ago on behalf of the family challenging the decision to strip her of her citizenship - which she described as "her only hope at rehabilitation". Ms Begum blamed inhospitable conditions in Syria for the deaths of two of her previous children. In three months, more than 100 people have died on the way, or soon after, arriving at the camp, with two-thirds of those dying aged under five.

শামীমা বেগমের বাবা তার মেয়ে যে ইসলামিক স্টেটে যোগ দেয়ার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছিল, সেজন্য ব্রিটিশ জনগণের কাছে ক্ষমা চেয়েছেন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Hannah RitchieOxford Martin School In 1950, global average life expectancy at birth was only 46. By 2015, it had shot up to over 71. In some countries, progress has not always been smooth. Disease, epidemics and unexpected events are a reminder that ever-longer lives are not a given. Meanwhile, the deaths that may preoccupy us - from terrorism, war and natural disasters - make up less than 0.5% of all deaths combined. But across the world, many are still dying too young and from preventable causes. The story of when people die is really a story of how they die, and how this has changed over time. Causes of death around the world About 56 million people in the world died in 2017. This is 10 million more than in 1990, as the global population has increased and people live longer on average. More than 70% die from non-communicable, chronic diseases. These are not passed from person to person and typically progress slowly. The biggest single killer is cardiovascular disease, which affects the heart and arteries and is responsible for every third death. This is twice the rate of cancers - the second leading cause - which account for about one in six of all deaths. Other non-contagious diseases such as diabetes, certain respiratory diseases and dementia are also near the top of the list. Preventable deaths What may be more shocking is the number of people who still die from preventable causes. About 1.6 million died from diseases related to diarrhoea in 2017, putting it in the top 10 causes of death. In some countries, it's one of the largest killers. Neonatal disorders - the death of a baby within the first 28 days - claimed 1.8 million newborns in 2017. The frequency of these deaths varies greatly from country to country. In Japan, fewer than one in 1,000 babies die in the first 28 days of life, compared with just under one in 20 in some of the world's poorest countries. Other preventable deaths are high up the list. Road accidents incur a high death toll in the richest and poorest countries alike, claiming 1.2 million lives in 2017. While many high-income countries have seen significant falls in road deaths in recent decades, globally the number dying on the roads has almost stayed the same. Meanwhile, almost twice as many people around the world died from suicide as from homicide - the killing of one person by another. In the UK, suicide deaths were 16 times higher; it is the leading cause of death for men aged 20-40. What types of death tell us What people die from changes over time and as their country develops. In the past, infectious diseases played a bigger part than they do today. In 1990, one in three deaths resulted from communicable and infectious diseases; by 2017 this had fallen to one in five. Children are particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases. As recently as the 19th Century, every third child in the world died before the age of five. Child mortality rates have fallen significantly since then thanks to vaccines and improvements in hygiene, nutrition, healthcare and clean water access. Child deaths in rich countries are now relatively rare, while the poorest regions today have child mortality rates similar to the UK and Sweden in the first half of the 20th Century, and are continuing to catch up. The decline in global child deaths is one of the greatest success stories of modern healthcare. The number of children dying each year has more than halved in recent decades, as we have got better at fighting contagious and infectious diseases. This has shifted death rates towards non-contagious diseases in elderly people. Many countries have growing concerns about the increasing burden on relatives and healthcare systems as people get older and have longer-term illnesses. More stories like this Unexpected events can throw this steady improvement off course. The 1980s HIV/Aids crisis is a striking example of this. The epidemic was felt across all regions of the world, but the most notable impact on life expectancy was in sub-Saharan Africa. After decades of steady improvement, life expectancy fell substantially across many countries in the region. A combination of anti-retroviral therapy, treatment and education on prevention means global deaths from Aids-related illness have halved in the last decade alone - from 2 million per year down to 1 million. Life expectancy has since began to recover in these countries, but is only now returning to pre-crisis levels. Even in the richest countries, continued progress is not a given. Life expectancy in the US has fallen slightly over the past few years, largely as a result of the opioid drug crisis. Life expectancy for new mothers has also not consistently increased. There are about 10 countries where a young woman today would be more likely to die during or shortly after childbirth than her mother was, including the US. Further to go Today's overall picture is positive: we are living longer lives while fewer people - especially children - are dying from preventable causes. But it's also true that we still have a long way to go. Further improvements in sanitation, hygiene, nutrition, vaccination and basic healthcare are all crucial to this. So too are increased safety measures and mental health provision. Understanding what people die from is crucial if we want this recent progress to continue. About this piece This analysis piece was commissioned by the BBC from an expert working for an outside organisation. Hannah Ritchie is an Oxford Martin fellow, and is currently working as a researcher at OurWorldinData.org. This is a joint project between Oxford Martin and non-profit organisation Global Change Data Lab, which aims to present research on how the world is changing through interactive visualisations. You can follow her on Twitter here. Edited by Eleanor Lawrie

সারা পৃথিবী জুড়ে মানুষের আয়ুষ্কাল বেড়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The new arms include 18 French Rafale fighter jets, four frigates and four navy helicopters, Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis said. The country also plans to increase the size of its armed forces by 15,000 soldiers over the next five years. Tensions have flared between Greece and Turkey over gas reserves in the Eastern Mediterranean. Turkey recently sent vessels to conduct seismic research sharpening a dispute with Greece over territory. The two Nato allies have competing claims over maritime rights, prompting fears that tensions could escalate further. The European Union, of which Greece is a member, has previously called for dialogue. "The time has come to reinforce the armed forces... these initiatives constitute a robust programme that will become a national shield," Mr Mitsotakis said on Saturday. The spending will also include new anti-tank weapons, navy torpedoes and air force missiles. The new spending is the largest in two decades, AFP news agency reports. France has backed Greece in the dispute with Turkey, and earlier this week President Emmanuel Macron stressed the importance of being "clear and firm" with Turkey, which he accused of "unacceptable behaviours". What's the background? In July, Turkey announced it was sending a research ship to carry out a drilling survey in waters close to the Greek island of Kastellorizo, a short distance from the coast of south-west Turkey. In response, Greece carried out naval exercises with a number of EU countries and the United Arab Emirates. Tensions between the two countries have been strained by several other issues, including the divided island of Cyprus and the crossing of migrants into Greece from Turkey. Greece also opposed Turkey's recent decision to turn the Hagia Sophia museum in Istanbul back into a mosque. It had been an Orthodox Christian cathedral for centuries, then a mosque and finally a museum. You may also be interested in:

তুরস্কের সাথে উত্তেজনা বাড়তে থাকার মধ্যেই গ্রিস বিপুল পরিমাণ অস্ত্র কেনার কথা ঘোষণা করেছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Two gunboats and a tug were captured by Russian forces. A number of Ukrainian crew members were injured. Each country blames the other for the incident. On Monday Ukrainian MPs are due to vote on declaring martial law. The crisis began when Russia accused the Ukrainian ships of illegally entering its waters. The Russians placed a tanker under a bridge in the Kerch Strait - the only access to the Sea of Azov, which is shared between the two countries. During a meeting of Ukraine's National Security and Defence Council, President Petro Poroshenko described the Russian actions as "unprovoked and crazy". Russia has requested an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council, which US ambassador to the UN Nikki Haley says has been called for 11:00 New York time (16:00 GMT) on Monday. Tensions have recently risen in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov off the Crimean peninsula - annexed by Russia in 2014. How did the crisis unfold? In the morning, Ukraine's Berdyansk and Nikopol gunboats, and the Yana Kapa tug, tried to sail from the Black Sea port of Odessa to Mariupol in the Sea of Azov. Ukraine says the Russians tried to intercept the ships, ramming the tug. The vessels continued towards the Kerch Strait, but were prevented by the tanker. Russia scrambled two fighter jets and two helicopters to the area. It accused the ships of illegally entering its waters and said the traffic had been suspended for security reasons. The Ukrainian navy later said the boats had been hit and disabled as they tried to leave the area. It said six crew members had been injured. Russia's FSB later confirmed that one of its patrol boats had used force to seize the three Ukrainian vessels but said only three sailors had been wounded. Ukraine said it had informed the Russians of its plan to move its ships through the sea to Mariupol. Blame game Analysis by Steven Rosenberg, BBC News, Moscow Tension between Russia and Ukraine has been building for months off Crimea. Under a 2003 treaty between Moscow and Kiev, the Kerch Strait and the Sea of Azov are shared territorial waters. But recently there, Russia began inspecting all vessels sailing to or from Ukrainian ports. The use of force by Russia to seize Ukrainian vessels - with casualties - is a major escalation. But you won't hear Moscow taking the blame. Under President Vladimir Putin, when Russia has used force before, its line of defence has always been: "We didn't start it." That goes for the Russia-Georgia War of 2008, and the appearance of "Little Green Men" (Russian special forces) in Crimea in 2014, which preceded Moscow's annexation of the peninsula. So, expect Moscow to pin the blame for what happened on Sunday and for whatever happens next on President Poroshenko's government. What has the international response been? The European Union called on Russia to "restore freedom of passage at the Kerch Strait" and urged "all to act with utmost restraint". Nato said it "fully supports Ukraine's sovereignty and its territorial integrity, including its navigational rights in its territorial waters". It said Russia should "ensure unhindered access to Ukrainian ports in the Azov Sea". What's the background to this? The shallow Sea of Azov lies east of Crimea, and south of the Ukrainian regions partially seized by pro-Russian separatists. The two Ukrainian ports on its northern shore - Berdyansk and Mariupol - are key to exporting grain and produce such as steel, also for importing coal. The 2003 treaty between Ukraine and Russia guaranteed free navigation to both countries' vessels. But Russia has recently begun inspecting ships going to or from Ukrainian ports. Earlier this month, the EU warned it would take "targeted measures" to address the issue. The inspections began soon after Ukraine detained a fishing vessel from Crimea in March. Moscow says they are necessary for security reasons, pointing to a potential threat to the bridge from Ukrainian radicals. More than 10,000 people have been killed in the eastern Donetsk and Luhansk regions since separatists moved against the Ukrainian state in April 2014. Ukraine and the West accuse Russia of sending its troops to the region and arming the separatists. Moscow denies this but says that Russian volunteers are helping the rebels.

ক্রাইমিয়ার উপদ্বীপে রাশিয়া ইউক্রেনের নৌবাহিনীর তিনটি জাহাজ জব্দ করেছে । এর ফলে দুই দেশের মধ্যে উত্তেজনা চরম আকার নিয়েছে। বেশ কয়েকজন ইউক্রেনীয় কর্মকর্তা আহত হয়েছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

The Chinese government has strongly criticised the protesters, but many are wondering whether it will eventually lose patience and take more direct action. What legal options does Beijing have to intervene, and could we ever see Chinese military action in Hong Kong? Could China send in the army? The Basic Law - Hong Kong's mini constitution since the UK handed the territory back to China in 1997 - is very clear. Unless China declares an all-out state of emergency or war in Hong Kong, Chinese military intervention can only come at the request of the Hong Kong government, and for the "maintenance of public order and in disaster relief". But most analysts say at this stage is almost unthinkable that PLA troops will be seen in Hong Kong. "It would bring dramatic change to the structural and economic environment," said Prof Ivan Choy of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. "The consequences of [such a] move would be far reaching." Dr Choy says such a move would shatter faith in the "one country, two systems" model that has governed Hong Kong since the handover, possibly irreparably. The PLA has had about 5,000 personnel based in Hong Kong since the handover, which Adam Ni, a China researcher at Macquarie University, describes as a largely "symbolic presence of China's sovereignty". But on 31 July, the garrison broke its silence on the protests, releasing a video which included footage of soldiers shouting - in Cantonese - "all consequences are at your own risk", troops advancing against protesters and a scene where police held up a banner with the words "Stop charging or we use force", a warning commonly used by Hong Kong police during unrest. Dr Choy says Beijing has been trying to "continually remind people in Hong Kong that there is the possibility [of military force]". "They don't want to rule out the possibility of such a move... [hoping] this will create some sort of psychological pressure." So far, China's top policy office on Hong Kong has said it has full faith in the police to handle the unrest. But spokesman Yang Guang also warned that "those who play with fire will perish by it" and protesters should not "mistake restraint for weakness". Mr Ni said the political risk for the Chinese government, both domestically and internationally, of military intervention was simply too great, and could indeed worsen the crisis. "Any military response short of overwhelming force would lead to further resistance," he told the BBC. Can China intervene politically? Hong Kong's political set up is not fully democratic - which has sparked resentment among protesters, and led to calls for democratic reform. China has arguably also made a number of political interventions, and that has been a driving factor behind recent protests. Hong Kong's parliament, the Legislative Council, is tilted in Beijing's favour and is only partly democratic - about half the seats are directly elected by voters. Meanwhile, the chief executive is chosen by a largely pro-Beijing election committee - which in turn is chosen by only 6% of the electorate. As a result, critics say Hong Kong's leaders answer to Beijing, rather than Hong Kong's electorate. Carrie Lam was elected in 2017, and it was she who introduced the extradition bill that sparked the new protests, becoming a focus of the anger herself. Prof Dixon Ming Sing of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology says Beijing has "done a lot to show its power... adamantly refusing the resignation of Carrie Lam and refusing to [let her] formally withdraw the bill". "If Beijing wants her to resign, can it be done? Absolutely," he said. "But I think Beijing doesn't want to do so because it wants to show it cannot be shaped by public opinion." Of course, even if Ms Lam did leave her post, her replacement would also have to have Beijing's backing. And other political moves in Hong Kong in recent years - including opposition MPs being disqualified for failing to say the oath of allegiance properly, and a law proposing banning disrespect of the Chinese national anthem - have made it clear that the authorities in Hong Kong are keen to counter anti-Beijing sentiment. Could China target individual activists? The protests were trigged by an extradition bill, which critics feared could have been used by China to remove political activists to the mainland, where they would face almost certain conviction. Carrie Lam has said the bill is now dead, but even without it, there have been enough reports of China bypassing such laws to detain Hong Kong citizens for protesters to be worried. Gui Minhai, who ran a bookstore in Hong Kong selling books critical of the Chinese government, is one of the most high-profile cases. He went missing in Thailand in 2015, before reappearing in China where he was detained over a fatal car accident in 2003. A Chinese court sentenced him to two years in prison. He was released in 2017 but was allegedly seized again the following year while on a train in China. He has not been seen since. And even if activists themselves don't fear arrest, some may fear repercussions for any family members on the mainland. However despite fears of direct intervention in Hong Kong, Beijing's most effective tool to calm the unrest is likely to be a subtle but potent economic one. Hong Kong is an economic powerhouse, and has remained so since handover in part because of the special status it has enjoyed as part of the handover agreement. But cities on the mainland like Shenzhen and Shanghai have rapidly caught up since 1997 nonetheless. If Hong Kong continues to challenge Beijing's authority, the government could further redirect investment and trade towards the mainland, squeezing Hong Kong's economy and making it far more reliant on Beijing's goodwill.

হংকং-এর বিক্ষোভ চলছে কয়েক সপ্তাহ ধরে। বিতর্কিত প্রত্যর্পণ আইনের বিরোধিতায় এই বিক্ষোভ ক্রমশই সহিংস হয়ে উঠেছে। সহিংসতা আর হরতাল জনজীবনে বড়ধরনের ব্যাঘাত সৃষ্টি করছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Victoria GillScience correspondent, BBC News Human encroachment on the natural world speeds up that process. This outlook comes from global health experts who study how and where new diseases emerge. As part of that effort, they have now developed a pattern-recognition system to predict which wildlife diseases pose most risk to humans. This approach is led by scientists at the University of Liverpool, UK, but it is part of a global effort to develop ways to prepare better for future outbreaks. 'We dodged five bullets' "In the last 20 years, we've had six significant threats - SARS, MERS, Ebola, avian influenza and swine flu," Prof Matthew Baylis from the University of Liverpool told BBC News. "We dodged five bullets but the sixth got us. "And this is not the last pandemic we are going to face, so we need to be looking more closely at wildlife disease." As part of this close examination, he and his colleagues have designed a predictive pattern-recognition system that can probe a vast database of every known wildlife disease. Across the thousands of bacteria, parasites and viruses known to science, this system identifies clues buried in the number and type of species they infect. It uses those clues to highlight which ones pose most of a threat to humans. If a pathogen is flagged as a priority, scientists say they could direct research efforts into finding preventions or treatments before any outbreak happens. "It will be another step altogether to find out which diseases could cause a pandemic, but we're making progress with this first step," Prof Baylis said. Lessons from lockdown Many scientists agree that our behaviour - particularly deforestation and our encroachment on diverse wildlife habitats - is helping diseases to spread from animals into humans more frequently. According to Prof Kate Jones from University College London, evidence "broadly suggests that human-transformed ecosystems with lower biodiversity, such as agricultural or plantation landscapes, are often associated with increased human risk of many infections". "That's not necessarily the case for all diseases," she added. "But the kinds of wildlife species that are most tolerant of human disturbance, such as certain rodent species, often appear to be more effective at hosting and transmitting pathogens. "So biodiversity loss can create landscapes that increase risky human-wildlife contact and increase the chances of certain viruses, bacteria and parasites spilling over into people." There are certain outbreaks that have demonstrated this risk at the "interfaces" between human activity and wildlife with devastating clarity. In first outbreak of Nipah virus in 1999 in Malaysia, a viral infection - carried by fruit bats - spilled over into a large pig farm built at the edge of a forest. Wild fruit bats fed on the fruit trees and the pigs munched on half-eaten fruit that fell from the trees and was covered in bat saliva. More than 250 people who worked in close contact with the infected pigs caught the virus. More than 100 of those people died. The case fatality rate of the coronavirus is still emerging, but current estimates put it at around 1%. Nipah virus kills 40-75% of people it infects. Prof Eric Fevre from the University of Liverpool and the International Livestock Research Institute in Nairobi, Kenya, says researchers need to be on constant watch in areas where there is a higher risk of disease outbreaks. Farms on the edge of forests, markets where animals are bought and sold - all are blurred boundaries between humans and wildlife, and places where diseases are more likely to emerge. "We need to be constantly on the look-out at these interfaces and have systems in place to respond if we see anything unusual", like a sudden disease outbreak in a particular location. "New diseases pop-up in the human population probably three to four times per year," Prof Fevre said. "It's not just in Asia or Africa, but in Europe and the US as well." Matthew Baylis added that this ongoing surveillance for new disease is increasingly important. "We've created almost a perfect storm here for the emergence of pandemics," he told BBC News. Prof Fevre agreed. "This kind of event is likely to happen again and again," he said. "It's been happening all throughout our interaction with the natural world. What's important now is how we understand it and respond to it. The current crisis, Prof Fevre said, provides a lesson for many of us about the consequence of our own impact on the natural world. "All of the things we use and take for granted - the food we eat, the materials in our smart phones; the more we consume, the more someone will make money by extracting them and moving them around the world. "So it's incumbent on all of us to think about the resources we consume and the impact it has." Follow Victoria on Twitter

বিজ্ঞানীরা বলছেন, মানুষ যে সভ্যতা গড়ে তুলেছে তাতে বন্যপ্রাণী থেকে মানুষের মধ্যে রোগ সংক্রমণ এবং তার পর তা সারা পৃথিবীতে ছড়িয়ে পড়া – এর ‌‘নিখুঁত ব্যবস্থা’ করে রাখা আছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

I grew up with conspiracy theories. Some of them very bizarre. Bruce Lee was poisoned by his wife, I was told, and when he sensed what she'd done, he tore her apart with his bare hands. I was also told that he could fly. And that Hitler was still alive - having escaped the Allies in a Jeep that transformed into a plane then a boat then a submarine, from which he was still sending the occasional message, declaring: "I will be back!" One theory, however, was particularly persistent - that the hand of the British was behind every evil in Afghanistan. As a child I wondered why this was, but after I moved to the UK in my 20s, I learned there were some good reasons for the suspicion. For centuries Afghanistan had been a buffer zone between the Russian and British empires. The two superpowers played out their Great Game of espionage and intrigue in this no man's land. When the map of modern Afghanistan was drawn, it is said, the Afghan King's opinion was hardly a consideration. Three Anglo-Afghan wars were fought before Afghanistan announced its independence in 1919 and the British left for good. Or did they? In the Afghan psyche, the British were still lurking in the shadows, spying on them, plotting, and still managing to manipulate their affairs for the worse. There were tales of secret agents disguised as imams misleading the pious, others posing as fortune tellers, of treasures hidden in shrines and guarded by men pretending to be beggars. This national obsession with conspiracy theories is not unique. A Kurdish friend told me that his mother would blame the British if a wall collapsed in their neighbourhood after a rainy night. Iranians had a character in a long-running soap opera, always paranoid that the British were plotting something. If you act too shrewdly in Bangladesh, my friends told me, people will call you English. In Kabul, we have a word for that too: Chucha E englis - malign English blood. However, since the beginning of the Afghan civil war in the 1980s our list of conspirators has expanded, and now includes Pakistan's intelligence agency, the ISI, and of course the Americans. Repeated foreign interventions only made us more inventive. Find out more An Afghan taxi driver in London once complained that foreigners wanted to steal our oil and smuggle it out on passenger planes. For others it's uranium the foreigners are after. A judge in Afghanistan told me that Bin Laden was an American spy and was eventually killed because he knew too much. Others believe he is still alive on an idyllic island somewhere in America. Afghan generals talk of Nato supporting the Taliban with cash and guns - even claiming that translators who dare to talk of this are thrown from helicopters. There are tales of Nato forces buying drugs from Afghan smugglers and transporting them to the West in the bellies of dead soldiers - apparently a lucrative business for whole range of Western profiteers, including the British royal family. Last year I went to see a friend. His father is an old khan, a tribal chief from the east. After we drank green tea and exchanged pleasantries, I made the mistake of asking him about the presence of the so-called Islamic State group in their area. The khan recited a long speech, which I'd heard a million times before: "It's all a game between the ISI, the Americans and the British. And Afghans are paying the price," he asserted confidently. Rather puzzled, I asked: "But what will they gain from it all?" "They plan 50 years ahead, and we are not meant to understand," he insisted. "If it was that simple, then they would be stupid. We see signs of it, nonetheless, you know - the new blocs forming between Russia, Pakistan and China. "Think about it. In one week, the Americans were able to destroy the Taliban government - how is it that they can't get rid of the few insurgents hiding in the mountains?" Obviously thinking the argument was won, he looked away towards Mecca and started praying. There's always some outsider to blame. Recently, I was finishing my Friday prayers in Kabul with some other reporters when we got a message that a suicide bomber had targeted a Shia mosque. "Is it the work of IS?" I asked. "Or perhaps the work of Jews and Christians," another journalist suggested. I knew it was futile, but I asked anyway: "What good would that bring them?" "Two things," he said, this time sounding more assured. "Such acts would distance the believers from the places of worship… And also divide the Muslims." As we walked the badly paved roads inside the green zone, with our trousers rolled up after prayers and our prayer mats tucked under our arms, I was hit by a thought. That for a country so divided by languages, ethnicities and ideologies, there is still one thing that unites all Afghans - distrust of foreigners. Join the conversation - find us on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter.

ষড়যন্ত্র তত্ত্বের ডালপালা কিম্বা হাত-পা গজায় পৃথিবীর প্রায় সব দেশেই। কিন্তু কিছু কিছু দেশ আছে যেখানে এসব গল্প অত্যন্ত জনপ্রিয়তা অর্জন করে। কিন্তু বিবিসির আউলিয়া আতরাফি বলছেন- এমন একটি দেশ আছে যেখানে প্রায়শই সবকিছুর জন্যে বিদেশি শক্তি, বিশেষ করে ব্রিটিশদেরকে দায়ী করা হয়...

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Mariam IssimdarBBC News Liz O'Riordan ended up having to give up the job she had trained 20 years for, after she herself was diagnosed with breast cancer. In 2015, at the age of 40, she had a mastectomy and last May suffered a recurrence of the disease. Dr O'Riordan thought she would practise as a breast cancer surgeon for at least 20 years, but as it turned out she only worked as one for two years. Radiotherapy for the second bout of cancer left her with reduced movement in her shoulder, causing her to make the "emotionally very hard" decision to give up operating. Before she was diagnosed, Dr O'Riordan had found lumps that turned out only to be cysts, while a mammogram six months earlier had showed a healthy breast. But another lump developed and her mother urged her to get it scanned. The surgeon, who lives near Bury St Edmunds in Suffolk, knew what her prognosis was immediately. "Most patients are drip-fed information. I saw that scan and I knew I'd need a mastectomy, knew I'd probably need chemo because I was young, and I had a good guess of what my chance of being alive in 10 years was, all in that split-second." Dr O'Riordan, 43, said not many doctors develop the illnesses in which they specialise; certainly, no-one in her department at Ipswich Hospital had. At first she was "terrified", and several questions ran through her mind. "How much can I share with my husband and my parents? How much can I stop being a cancer surgeon and just be a patient?" Although she knew what was happening physically, she had no idea what it would be like to experience actually having the disease. "I know what it's like to tell someone they have breast cancer. "I didn't know what it was like to have to have a stiff upper lip, dry your tears, leave the clinic, go through the waiting room, through the hospital corridor to get to the car park and to start howling." After talking it through with her husband Dermot, she decided to announce her illness to her 1,500 Twitter followers, who mostly knew her through her love of baking, triathlons and her profession. Social media, she said, ended up becoming her lifeline and she received an "outpouring of support". "It was patients who told me how to cope. "There is always someone awake at three o'clock in the morning to talk to you when you're on a steroid high." Social media also put her in contact with other medical professionals with cancer, and she has since set up a WhatsApp group for medics with the disease. After treatment for her first bout of cancer, Dr O'Riordan returned to work as a surgeon at Ipswich Hospital. But she said she didn't realise how "emotionally challenging" it would be. She said having had cancer herself, she thought she could help people in a different way. "But it was one of the hardest things I have ever done. "When you're breaking bad news and telling a woman they've got cancer, it's really tough at the best of times, but I was reliving it, and I could see myself and my husband and what we would have looked like when we crumpled and heard the news. "You're so desperate to connect with someone who has a shared experience, but I couldn't - they were my patients." She added: "I was left with pain after my mastectomy and was suddenly operating - I was very much aware that I might give them the pain that I have, and I didn't want to do that, and it was really, really hard." She said she also struggled to sit in weekly meetings discussing patients' prognoses. "In my first meeting back, my first patient basically had my cancer. She was the same age, she had my cancer give or take a millimetre - she was me on paper. "I heard all my colleagues say 'that's really bad'." In 2018, Dr O'Riordan's cancer returned to the same armpit. It was found while she was having a scan before the removal of her reconstructed breast, which had been causing her a lot of pain. It led to a second dose of radiotherapy to the same area, "something rarely done". She was warned that she might not be able to move her arm properly afterwards but, if she did not undergo surgery, the outlook was bleak. The result was more scarring, fibrosis and tethering of the soft tissues, which indeed did reduce movement in her shoulder and meant she had less strength in her arm. She said her employers did their best to help her to resume her career for a second time. "I had intensive physiotherapy, I saw an orthopaedic surgeon - because it's a huge thing to say, 'the thing I've spent 20 years of my life, and degrees, and PhDs, exams and courses to become an expert in the thing I love, I can't do again'. "I can go about my daily life, but to be able to operate safely, that's never going to happen," she said. By now Dr O'Riordan also felt the psychological need to have "cancer-free time", especially given that returning to work before the recurrence had been traumatic. In addition, the risk of the cancer returning yet again was now higher than before, and there was a danger it could come back elsewhere. After about four months she made the decision her career as a surgeon was over. "It was bittersweet, and really, really hard saying goodbye." Ironically, she now advises people on their rights to return to the workplace after cancer. Dr O'Riordan, whose husband is a consultant surgeon, said she was "lucky" to be able to afford not to have to do paid work. She recently began volunteering as an ambassador for the social enterprise, Working with Cancer, which had advised her on her employment rights after she decided to return to work in 2017, following treatment for her first bout of cancer. A temporary director at the hospital had told her at this point that she was expected back on a phased return over four weeks. "I was still suffering from fatigue and trying to get my brain to work again," Dr O'Riordan said. "I didn't realise that if you've had cancer, you are classified as legally disabled under the Equality Act and your employers have to make reasonable adjustments to allow you get back to work. "So many people are just desperate to get their lives back when they have cancer, but it can be incredibly hard to find your way and a lot of employers don't know how to help cancer patients - or whether they should." Dr O'Riordan said most of the coaches at Working with Cancer have had the illness themselves and "they get it". As well information about their rights, they prepare staff and employers for the emotional pitfalls. As a result of her chemotherapy, Dr O'Riordan had short, curly hair. Her coach asked her: "What will you do when people don't recognise you?" She had dismissed the notion, until one day she realised a colleague she was talking to did not realise who she was. The preparation she did with Working with Cancer mostly helped her to avoid any awkwardness. Just before returning she emailed her line manager and explained she was happy to talk about her illness with colleagues, but not during work hours. "You have a right to ask for things to be made easier for you. They can't sack you because that would be discrimination." The former surgeon said her work as an ambassador had helped her reconnect with her sense of purpose. "As a consultant surgeon I was helping 70, maybe 100 women a year with breast cancer. "But through my book, the blogging, the talking and being an ambassador for Working with Cancer, I can help hundreds, thousands of women."

"অন্য অনেক নারীর মতো, আমি নিজের স্তন পরীক্ষা করে দেখিনি। আমি ভেবেছিলাম আমার ক্ষেত্রে এটা ঘটতে যাচ্ছে না-আমি একজন স্তন ক্যান্সার সার্জন"।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Sherine, one of the country's most famous singers - and a judge on the Arabic version of The Voice TV show - told a fan that drinking from the famous river might give them parasites. "Drink Evian instead," she joked. Another singer, Laila Amer, was also sentenced on Tuesday to two years in prison over a music video. Ms Amer - who is not as well known as Sherine - was found guilty of "inciting debauchery and immorality". The director and another actor were sentenced to shorter terms. Sherine, meanwhile, has been convicted by a Cairo court of spreading false news. Egyptian news outlet Ahram said she was ordered to pay 5,000 Egyptian pounds (£204) as bail, in addition to a fine of 10,000 pounds and remains free until her case is concluded. Both cases remain open to appeal. A 'foolish joke' The lawsuit against Sherine was filed in November, after a video emerged online showing her being asked to sing Mashrebtesh Men Nilha (Have You Drunk From The Nile?) She responded by saying "drinking from the Nile will get me schistosomiasis" - a disease commonly known in Egypt as bilharzia, which once plagued rural water sources. On top of the legal case against her, the Egyptian Musicians Syndicate announced that it had banned her from performing over her "unjustified mockery of our dear Egypt". Abdel Wahab later apologised for her "foolish joke" at the concert, which she said took place in the United Arab Emirates more than a year ago. "My beloved country Egypt and sons of my country Egypt, I apologise to you with all my heart for any pain I may have caused you," she added. Schistosomiasis was widespread throughout much of Egypt's history, having been discovered in mummified remains from thousands of years in the past. Health programmes in the last century, however, have greatly reduced its prevalence. It is caused by a parasitic worm that lives in fresh water in subtropical and tropical regions, growing inside the human body. Attack on society The controversy surrounding Sherin's case was followed by the arrest in January of Laila Amer, over a video for her song Bos Omak (Look At Your Mother) Its name is an apparent pun on an Arabic profanity. The video showed Amer dancing and making suggestive gestures - something the lawyer who filed the complaint called a "great risk" to Egypt and "an attack on society". News agency EFE reported that Amer's defence in court was that she had simply followed instructions from the director and producer. The director was sentenced to six months in prison, while another man appearing in the video alongside Amer received a three-month sentence. Ahram reported that all three defendants in Amer's case deny any wrongdoing. Tuesday's rulings bring to three the number of female artists handed prison sentences in recent months. In December, Shaimaa Ahmed - known simply as Shyma - was jailed for two years after she appeared in a music video in her underwear while suggestively eating a banana. She was found guilty of inciting debauchery and publishing an indecent film, and was sentenced alongside the video's director. Before her imprisonment, she apologised to anyone who took the video for the song, I Have Issues, "in an inappropriate way". Her sentence was reduced to one year on appeal.

নীল নদ নিয়ে রসিকতার করায় শিরিন আবদেল ওয়াহাব নামে আরব বিশ্বে পরিচিত একজন তারকা শিল্পীকে ছয় মাসের কারাদণ্ড দেয়া হয়েছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

"This will not only bring the justice we have been seeking.... but it could also prevent similar acts recurring," Hatice Cengiz said in a statement. It comes after a US intelligence report found that Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman had approved Khashoggi's murder. Saudi Arabia has rejected the report. Crown Prince Mohammed, who is effectively the kingdom's ruler, has denied any role in the murder. Khashoggi was killed while visiting the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, Turkey, in October 2018 and his body was dismembered. The 59-year-old journalist had once been an adviser to the Saudi government and close to the royal family, but he fell out of favour and went into self-imposed exile in the US in 2017. From there, he wrote a monthly column in the Washington Post in which he criticised the policies of Prince Mohammed. In his first column for the newspaper, Khashoggi said he feared being arrested in an apparent crackdown on dissent overseen by the prince. What did Hatice Cengiz say? "It is essential that the crown prince, who ordered the brutal murder of a blameless and innocent person, should be punished without delay," Ms Cengiz said on Monday. "If the crown prince is not punished, it will forever... endanger us all and be a stain on our humanity," she added. Ms Cengiz, a Turkish academic researcher, made a plea that world leaders distance themselves from the crown prince and impose punishments such as sanctions on Saudi Arabia. "Starting with the Biden Administration, it is vital for all world leaders to ask themselves if they are prepared to shake hands with [Prince Mohammed]," she said. "I urge everyone to put their hands on their hearts and campaign to punish the crown prince," Ms Cengiz added. US President Joe Biden has faced criticism from within his own Democratic Party over his decision not to punish Prince Mohammed directly. After the intelligence report was released on Friday, his administration imposed sanctions on a senior aide to the prince as well as others who it said had played a role in Khashoggi's death. "I think they need to keep open additional sanctions against [Prince Mohammed] if we don't see a change in behaviour," Democratic Senator Mark Warner, who chairs the Senate Intelligence Committee, told Fox News on Sunday. Republican members of Congress have also called on Mr Biden to impose further sanctions. His administration is expected to make an announcement later on Monday. President Biden spoke to Saudi Arabia's King Salman last week and "affirmed the importance the United States places on universal human rights and the rule of law", the White House said. What happened to Khashoggi? The journalist, who was known for his criticism of the Saudi authorities, went to the consulate in October 2018 in order to obtain papers allowing him to marry Ms Cengiz. He had allegedly received assurances from the crown prince's brother, Prince Khalid bin Salman, who was ambassador to the US at the time, that it would be safe to visit the consulate. Prince Khalid has denied any communication with the journalist. According to Saudi prosecutors, Khashoggi was forcibly restrained after a struggle and injected with a large amount of a drug, resulting in an overdose that led to his death. His body was then dismembered and handed over to a local "collaborator" outside the consulate, prosecutors said. The remains were never found. Grim details were revealed in transcripts of purported audio recordings of the killing obtained by Turkish intelligence.

সাংবাদিক জামাল খাসোগজিকে হত্যার দায়ে সৌদি যুবরাজকে 'অবিলম্বে শাস্তি দেয়ার' দাবি জানিয়েছেন মিস্টার খাসোগজির প্রেমিকা ও বাগদত্তা হাতিস চেংগিস।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The deals include funding for an $8bn oil refinery in the city of Gwadar. It comes as part of a high-profile Asian tour by the kingdom's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Pakistan is suffering a financial crisis. It has only $8bn left in foreign reserves and is looking to international backers for support. Prime Minister Imran Khan has been seeking help from friendly countries in order to cut the size of the bailout package his country is likely to need from the International Monetary Fund, under very strict conditions. The country is seeking its 13th bailout since the late 1980s and Saudi Arabia has already provided a $6bn loan. Pakistan also said it would confer its highest civilian honour on the Saudi crown prince, the Order of Pakistan, a day after the investment deals were finalised. The move is at odds with other countries who have condemned the Kingdom over its role in the murder of dissident journalist Jamal Khashoggi last year. Saudi Arabia and Pakistan signed provisional agreements and memorandums of understanding in the energy, petrochemicals and mining sectors, according to reports. Of the latest deals, Prince bin Salman said: "It's big for phase one, and definitely [our commercial relationship] will grow every month and every year, and it will be beneficial to both countries." Charm offensive Pakistan is the first stop on an Asian tour by the crown prince, known as MBS. He is scheduled to be in India by Tuesday and will visit China on Thursday and Friday. The prince is seeking to recast his international image in the wake of the Jamal Khashoggi affair. The journalist was murdered at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul in October. Against this backdrop, the current tour can be seen as a charm offensive by MBS, who is seeking to bolster relationships with dependable allies as he doles out cash, says the BBC's Abid Hussain. While Pakistan stands to benefit from Saudi Arabia's largesse, the south Asian country is also important to the kingdom. The two countries have a long-standing military relationship and the MBS visit comes at a time when geopolitics in the region are shifting - including concerns over the influence of Iran.

সৌদি আরব ও পাকিস্তানের সাথে বেশ কিছু বিনিয়োগ চুক্তি স্বাক্ষরিত হয়েছে যার আর্থিক মূল্য প্রায় বিশ বিলিয়ন ডলার।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Jonathan MarcusDiplomatic correspondent@Diplo1on Twitter But today China is increasingly viewed as a threat. Indeed, many fear that rivalry between China and the US could ultimately even lead to war, a conflict with global ramifications. In America, a new model is being proposed, one that harks back to the ancient world and the work of Thucydides, the historian of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta. Prof Graham Allison, of Harvard University's Belfer Center, is one of the US's leading scholars of international relations. His groundbreaking book - Destined For War: Can America and China Avoid Thucydides Trap? - has become required reading for many policymakers, academics and journalists. Thucydides's trap, he told me, is the dangerous dynamic that occurs when a rising power threatens to displace an established power. In the ancient Greek world, it was Athens that threatened Sparta. In the late 19th Century, Germany challenged Britain. Today a rising China is potentially challenging the United States. Having reviewed 500 years of history, Prof Allison has identified 16 examples of rising powers confronting an established power: 12 of those led to war. The rivalry between Washington and Beijing is, he says, "the defining feature of international relations today and for as far as any eye can see". So asking if the US and China can avoid Thucydides's trap is no mere academic question. The trap has fast become a major analytical prism through which to view the competition between Washington and Beijing. Of course, not everyone agrees. Prof Hu Bo for example, of Peking University's Institute of Ocean Research and one of China's foremost naval strategists, told me: "I think the balance of power doesn't support the Thucydides hypothesis." Although China's rise is remarkable, he believes its overall strength is simply not comparable with that of the US. It is only in the Western Pacific, he says, where China stands a chance of matching US capabilities. But a confrontation there might just be enough to tip these two great powers into war. Not least because China is pursuing the world's largest comprehensive naval build-up. "That's not just impressive today," says Andrew Erickson, a professor of strategy at the US Naval War College and one of the leading experts on the Chinese Navy, "that's impressive in world historical terms." Its quality is also improving significantly, with larger, more sophisticated warships whose capabilities are, in many respects, getting closer to those of comparable Western vessels. China's maritime strategy is also becoming more assertive. Though the focus of this assertiveness remains, for now, relatively close to Chinese territory, Beijing is trying to raise the costs of possible US interference in a crisis. It wants to be able to keep the United States at bay if, for example, China decided to use force against Taiwan. And the US is determined to maintain access. But growing Sino-US tensions are also a product of personalities. Chinese President Xi Jinping brings a sense of history, even of destiny, to the rivalry with Washington. Elizabeth Economy, director of Asia Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, told me that Mr Xi has been a transformative leader with "a much more expansive and ambitious sense of China's place on the global stage". She argues that the most underappreciated element of Mr Xi's ambition is "his effort to reshape norms and institutions on the global stage in ways that more closely reflect Chinese values and priorities". The US is also shifting its position. Washington has branded China, along with Russia, a revisionist power. The US military now regards China as a near-peer competitor, the benchmark against which key air and naval capabilities must be measured. But while there is a new mood in Washington, it is still very much early days in terms of setting out a new strategy towards Beijing. Some have spoken of the possibility of a second Cold War, this time between the US and China. However, unlike the 20th Century Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union, the American and Chinese economies are deeply interlinked. This gives their rivalry a new dimension: a battle for technological dominance. The giant Chinese telecommunications company Huawei is at the eye of the storm. The US is refusing to allow the company's technology to be used for key future communications networks, and is pressuring its allies to impose a similar ban. In addition to restricting the purchase of Huawei products, the US is also pursuing criminal charges against the firm and its chief financial officer Meng Wanzhou. Ms Meng, who is the daughter of Huawei's founder Ren Zhengfei, was arrested in Canada in December, at the request of the US. Washington's battle with Huawei exemplifies broader concerns about China's high-tech sector over the theft of intellectual property, illicit sales to Iran and espionage. Underlying all this is a fear that China may soon dominate key technologies on which future prosperity will depend. Economics and grand strategy are inextricably bound up in this debate, with China intent on becoming the dominant global player within the next decade. This of course will depend upon China continuing to rise. There are signs that its economy may be faltering as it clings to its authoritarian model and rejects further market reforms. What might happen if its economic progress slows? Some argue that Mr Xi might rein in his ambitions. Others fear his domestic legitimacy could be hit, encouraging him to ratchet up nationalism, leading potentially to even greater assertiveness. The rivalry between China and the United States is real and is not going away. Strategic miscalculation is a clear danger, not least because of the absence of any rule book to help to manage tensions between them. The two countries are at a strategic crossroads. Either they will find ways to accommodate each other's concerns, or they will move towards a much more confrontational relationship. This brings us back to Thucydides's trap. But Mr Allison emphasises that nothing here is fated. War between the US and China is not inevitable. His book, he told me, is about diplomacy, not destiny. Jonathan Marcus presents Analysis: Will China and America go to War? on BBC Radio 4 at 20:30 GMT on Monday 25 March and available afterwards via BBC Sounds.

কিছুদিন আগেও চীনের অর্থনৈতিক উত্থানকে কোন উদ্বেগের বিষয় হিসেবে দেখা হতো না। মনে করা হতো যে তাদের বিকাশমান অর্থনীতি ক্রমশ:ই উদার-হতে-থাকা রাজনৈতিক ব্যবস্থার সাথে তাল মিলিয়ে চলবে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Reality Check teamBBC News So, there's an incentive for manufacturers in China to move their production to countries not subject to these tariffs. And one of these beneficiary countries has been Vietnam, China's increasingly business-friendly southern neighbour. So what can we say about changing Chinese investment into Vietnam? The first thing to note is that foreign firms, including those from China, have long taken advantage of Vietnam's cheaper labour and attractive business environment, well before the imposition of the first round of US sanctions last September. "Vietnam has already been gaining as wages have been rising in China," says Mary Lovely at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, a US-based think tank. But there are also indications that investment has accelerated since the imposition of US sanctions on China last year. In the first four months of 2019, Chinese investment into Vietnam has already reached about 65% of the total for 2018. So there's certainly been an upsurge in Chinese investment, but how much of this is to do with tariffs? Vietnam's success story Vietnam's economy has grown rapidly in the past decade. Its manufacturing industry has done particularly well, with multinationals like IKEA, for instance, bolstering operations there. And while the growth of industry is a long-term trend, experts say there's growing evidence that an increasingly stringent US tariff regime on Chinese goods is driving further investment into Vietnam. "Many companies were investing in production outside of China, particularly in South East Asia, before the current trade conflict", according to corporate law firm, Baker & McKenzie, based in Hong Kong, but "the recent trade friction has simply accelerated this evolution." There are, however, clear signs that the pressures of rapid growth in Vietnam are taking their toll. There were just over 14.5 million people in 2018 working in industry in Vietnam, according to the International Labour Organization. That compares with more than 200 million in China. Labour costs in Vietnam are rising, and the pool of new labour to draw on is much smaller than for its giant neighbour. The ability for Vietnam to continue to absorb foreign investment will also be constrained by rising land and factory costs. According to JLL Vietnam, a firm that specializes in real estate, industrial rental prices rose by 11% in the second half of 2018 in southern Vietnam. This has been attributed to the shift of producers from China, partly because of tariffs. Sanctions against Vietnam? For firms moving all or part of their supply chains from China to Vietnam to avoid US sanctions, there is a risk that the US could take action against Vietnam as well. Some multinationals are taking on a "China plus one" approach - firms keeping a foothold in China while also operating in a low-wage economy elsewhere in Asia. The US administration is aware of the shift into production operations outside China as a way to avoid sanctions. President Trump recently tweeted: "Many Tariffed companies will be leaving China for Vietnam and other such countries in Asia. That's why China wants to make a deal so badly!" In the escalating trade war between the United States and China, the label "Made in Vietnam" may not in the future be enough to avoid US tariffs. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

বাণিজ্য যুদ্ধের জের ধরে চীনে কার্যক্রম চালানো কোম্পানিগুলো তাদের পণ্য যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে রপ্তানির ক্ষেত্রে এখন বাড়তি শুল্কের খড়গে পড়ে বেশ চাপের মুখে আছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The images were taken during a chemistry exam at Bhagat Pre-University College in Haveri, Karnataka state. They showed students wearing boxes, cut open on one side, to prevent them from being able to copy other people's work. A junior college administrator has spoken publicly and apologised to district officials for the incident. MB Satish told BBC Hindi he was sorry for trying to use the unusual anti-cheating technique. He said the school has only implemented the measure on an "experimental basis" after hearing of its use elsewhere. He also insisted it had been done with the students' consent - in fact they had brought in their own boxes. "There was no compulsion of any kind. You can see in the photograph that some students were not wearing it," he said. "Some who wore it removed it after 15 minutes, some after 20 minutes and we ourselves asked them to remove it after one hour." You may also like: Regional officials reportedly rushed to the school to complain as soon as they were made aware of the images. SC Peerjade, deputy director of the local pre-University Education Board, described the practice as "inhumane". "When I got a message on this, I immediately went to the college and ordered the management to stop the practice," he was quoted by the Times of India as saying. "I also issued a notice to the college management and am contemplating disciplinary action against them for implementing this idea." School officials have said they have ceased the practice and are co-operating with the school board's directive.

ভারতের কর্ণাটক রাজ্যের একটি কলেজে ছাত্রছাত্রীরা মাথায় কার্ডবোর্ডের বাক্স পরা অবস্থায় পরীক্ষা দিচ্ছে - এরকম একটি অদ্ভূত ছবি ইন্টারনেটে ভাইরাল হবার পর কর্তৃপক্ষ দু:খ প্রকাশ করেছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Rescuers pulled bodies from the charred wreckage of the plane, operated by Bangladeshi airline US-Bangla, after a raging fire was put out. The airline has blamed air traffic control, but the airport says the plane approached from the wrong direction. Flight BS211 veered off the runway while landing on Monday afternoon. The exact cause of the crash remains unclear and Nepalese Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli promised an immediate investigation. However, a recording of the conversation between the pilot and air traffic control minutes before the plane crashed suggests some misunderstanding over which end of the sole runway the plane was cleared to land on. Moments before the plane crash-landed, an air traffic controller is heard in the recording obtained by the BBC from air traffic monitor LiveATC telling the pilot: "I say again, turn!" Twenty-two people are being treated in hospital for injuries, police spokesperson Manoj Neupane told the BBC's Nepali service. The plane, which was flying from the Bangladeshi capital, Dhaka, was a Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 turboprop and was 17 years old. How did the disaster unfold? The plane landed at 14:20 local time (08:35 GMT), according to flight tracking website FlightRadar24. "The aircraft was permitted to land from the southern side of the runway flying over Koteshwor, but it landed from the northern side," Sanjiv Gautam, director general of the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, was quoted as saying by the Kathmandu Post. "We are yet to ascertain the reason behind the unusual landing." However, US-Bangla Airlines chief executive Imran Asif blamed Kathmandu air traffic control. "There were wrong directions from the tower. Our pilot was not at fault," he told reporters at his office in Dhaka. "Our pilot is an instructor of this Bombardier aircraft. His flight hours are over 5,000. There was a fumble from the control tower." Airport general manager Raj Kumar Chettri told Reuters news agency that the plane hit the airport fence before touching ground. "The plane should have come from the right direction," he said. One of the survivors, Nepalese travel agent Basanta Bohora, described from his hospital bed what he had experienced. After a normal take-off from Dhaka, the plane had begun to behave strangely as it approached Kathmandu, he said. "All of a sudden the plane shook violently and there was a loud bang afterwards," he was quoted as saying by the Kathmandu Post. "I was seated near the window and was able to break out of the window," he added. "I have no recollection after I got out of the plane, someone took me to Sinamangal hospital, and from there my friends brought me to Norvic [hospital]. I have injuries to my head and legs, but I am fortunate that I survived." What do we know of the casualties? The plane was carrying 67 passengers and four crew. It is now known that 33 of the passengers were Nepalis, 32 were Bangladeshi, one was Chinese and one was from the Maldives. Among the 22 people injured, some are in a critical condition. An airline worker said he saw two or three people fall or jump from the windows of the burning plane. Does Nepal have a bad aviation safety record? Its airline companies are banned from flying within the European Union. There have been many aviation incidents in Nepal, but this is the deadliest since a Pakistan International Airlines plane crashed on approach in September 1992, killing all 167 on board. Earlier that same year, a Thai Airways plane crashed near the airport, leaving 113 people dead. Pilots say that landing at Kathmandu airport can be challenging because of the mountainous landscape. Recent aviation incidents in Nepal include: What is US-Bangla airlines? The carrier launched in July 2014 and its slogan is "Fly Fast, Fly Safe". Its first international flight was in May 2016 - to Kathmandu. It now flies to airports in South and South East Asia and the Middle East.

নেপালের কাঠমান্ডুর ত্রিভুবন বিমানবন্দরে অবতরণের সময় ইউএস বাংলা এয়ারলাইন্সের একটি বিমান হয়ে ৪৯জন মারা গেছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Enter your information below to find the life expectancy for people of your age, country and gender, as well as the proportion of your life you can on average expect to be healthy. Sorry, try again! Please check your internet connection and tap 'show results' to try again! Life expectancy How much of your remaining life will be healthy? Life expectancy: You vs the world Life expectancy at birth, by country (years) The average global life expectancy from birth is 72 - that's 70 for men and 75 for women. However, this changes with age. For example, somebody aged 69 may expect to live another 17 years on average. If you cannot view the life expectancy calculator, click to launch the interactive content. Nine revealing facts about how long we live Why does life expectancy change based on your age? Life expectancy is the number of years on average a person is expected to live based on their age, gender and country. The Global Burden of Disease calculates life expectancy by using a country's mortality rates across age groups. Life expectancy may vary for people of different ages because it is calculated as the number of years a person is expected to live given they have already reached a certain age. For example, a girl born in 2016 in Mexico is expected to live to age 79, however the life expectancy of a 65-year-old woman in Mexico in 2016 is 84. Her life expectancy is higher because she has already reached 65 and is therefore more likely to live another 20 years. You might also be interested in: Meghan's father may not attend wedding Superman actress Kidder dies aged 69 Parents who bring their children to die How does the calculator work? The data behind the calculator is from the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study. The values for life expectancy in the calculator are rounded to the nearest year after adding the age input to the remaining life expectancy for the relevant age group. In most cases age groups span five years, for example from ages 10 to 14. 'How much of your remaining life will be healthy' is calculated from the number of years a person can expect to live in good health, taking into account disability. This is displayed as a percentage of their remaining life expectancy. Results assume that rates of death and disability remain constant over the remainder of a person's life, so do not account for any expected scientific advances and improvements in medical treatments. Calculator produced by Tom Calver, Nassos Stylianou, Becky Dale, Nick Triggle, Ransome Mpini, Prina Shah, Joe Reed and Eleanor Keane. With thanks to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.

২০১৬ সালে যারা জন্মগ্রহণ করেছেন তারা পঁচিশ বছর আগে জন্মগ্রহণকারীদের থেকে সাত বছর বেশি বাঁচবেন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Protesters are calling for opposition candidates to be allowed to register for the September polls. The authorities have refused to register them despite each candidate gathering the minimum 5,000 signatures needed to be eligible to run. Opposition leaders including the most prominent, Alexei Navalny, joined supporters at the rally. Activists opposed to the government of President Vladimir Putin say the authorities have wrongly declared supporters' signatures invalid. Around 30 candidates were barred from running. Speaking at the event Mr Navalny told protesters: "We will show them this is a dangerous game. We should fight for our candidates." He vowed that there would be a bigger rally next week unless authorities register a number of candidates for the vote. One candidate, Lyubov Sobol, has been on hunger strike for more than a week, demanding that she be allowed to run. Organisers said on Facebook that they were protesting for a Russia "without bandits, fraudsters, swindlers and thieves". Local authorities gave permission for the rally to take place. Last week, police arrested dozens of protesters at another rally in defence of independent election candidates. The protests come amid a drop in approval ratings for Mr Putin and anger over declining living standards and widespread corruption.

রাশিয়ার রাজধানী মস্কোতে সুষ্ঠু ও নিরপেক্ষ নির্বাচনের দাবিতে ২০ হাজারের বেশি মানুষ বিক্ষোভ প্রদর্শন করতে জড়ো হয়।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Jessica Labhart and Lisa WrightBBC News "The last day, I was given a bin bag of my stuff. The door closed behind me, and it was over. "But no-one helps you on the outside, and anyone who hasn't been through it can't even begin to understand." In 2011, Lisa* spent three months in prison for her involvement in a fraud. Despite receiving a relatively short custodial sentence, the impact was life-changing. Away from her daughters, she questioned her abilities as a mother and her mental health began to deteriorate. "I hadn't wanted to see my girls when I was inside because I didn't want to put them through that. "When I got out, there were some days I couldn't face picking the girls up from school because I knew parents were talking about me. I had panic attacks just walking to the shops. I got paranoid. "Once you've been inside, it's like your mind goes back when you least expect it. "The walls are in your head, it's even worse than sitting in your cell." According to the Women in Prison charity, 84% of women entering prison in 2017 committed a non-violent offence - often for crimes such as theft, handling stolen goods and non-payment of council tax. As a consequence, they are likely to receive shorter sentences, which studies have shown link to higher rates of reoffending. Lisa believes the fact she was in prison for a matter of months played a part in the lack of support she received. "Even the officers said there was not much they could do to help me because I wasn't in for long enough," she said. A Ministry of Justice report last year found short-term sentences served by both men and women were "consistently associated with higher rates of proven reoffending". But analysis shows that women serving sentences of less than a year are more likely to reoffend than men with comparable sentences - although they are slightly less likely to reoffend overall. Female inmates are also more than twice as likely as men to report needing mental health help. Penal reform charity the Howard League says women account for one in five of all incidents of self-injury behind bars. "Prison is a negative experience for everyone, but it is particularly distressing for women," says its chief executive, Frances Crook. "They typically have more complex needs than men. They are more likely to be victims of abuse, and more likely to have been sentenced for offending related to their exploitation by a partner. "And as women are much more likely than men to be primary carers of children, they are disproportionately affected by a short prison sentence. "Even a few weeks in custody can be enough to cause a woman to lose her job, her home and her children." Justice Secretary David Gauke said in June that female offenders are often amongst the most vulnerable of all. "Many experience chaotic lifestyles involving substance misuse, mental health problems, homelessness, and offending behaviour... often the product of a life of abuse and trauma," he wrote in the Female Offender Strategy. "Evidence clearly shows that putting women into prison can do more harm than good for society, failing to cut the cycle of reoffending and often exacerbating already difficult family circumstances." The government has said it is shifting towards community services to keep women away from prison and pledged to spend £5m over two years. It has scrapped plans for five community prisons and instead will trial five residential centres helping women with drug rehabilitation and finding work. "Women's centres can achieve what prisons cannot - working with other organisations in the community to ensure that women are given the support they need and guided away from crime," said Ms Crook. "Prison does not work." 'Wall of silence' About 60% of female inmates are a victim of domestic violence. Yasmin Akhtar had been in a violent marriage and tried to take her own life before she spent two years at HMP Drake Hall for drug possession with intent to supply. "When I was in prison, my family would tell everyone that I was working away because they didn't want to face the stigma. "There was a lot of shame, being Asian and the first woman in my family to go to prison. There was a wall of silence." The 43-year-old now works for Birmingham's probation service to help other female prisoners. It runs a reducing reoffending partnership with programmes specially for women. "When I was in prison, I felt the freest I'd ever felt, because I'd been trapped in my marriage, in my life outside. "There was counselling in prison which helped me. But some women didn't want it or respond to it well. "It's a lot to accept and some are unable to do that straight away. That's what made me want to help other women when I got out." Rehabilitating women through methods other than custody is something Marie-Claire O'Brien backs. The former prisoner, who served 14 months for causing death by dangerous driving, said the key is investing in services to help women upon release. "I didn't believe that I deserved a second chance," said the 37-year-old, who had therapy and rehab at HMP Send. "I had to work through that with the support of the people around me. But for many women coming out of prison they don't have anything like that network at all. "Prison can work for some women, I'm testimony to that, but for people who have committed low-level offences, it's not always fair to put them through the experience." Ms O'Brien has since set up the New Leaf Initiative, which works with former female inmates across the West Midlands to support them into employment. She added: "I believe having well-run and well-funded prisons is important, but so is investing in the rehabilitation of women so their entire lives are not just completely defined by their time in custody." The MoJ said its Female Offender Strategy will "help us deliver the best possible outcomes for women, placing greater emphasis on community provision and cutting the cost of female offending". But while the move towards opening residential centres has been welcomed, charities have warned they must be properly funded. Kate Paradine, chief executive of Women in Prison, said the level of funding currently available for female offenders is "pitiful". "[Without an increase] the opportunity will be lost to transform the current shameful response to some of our most disadvantaged and vulnerable women and their families. "We will be left with a broken system that fails victims and communities." *Name has been changed

ইংল্যান্ড ও ওয়েলসের কারাগারগুলোতে নারী বন্দীদের সংখ্যা ৫ শতাংশেরও কম। কিন্তু এরপরও পুরুষ অপরাধীদের তুলনায়, নারীদের পুনরায় অপরাধ করার সম্ভাবনা বেশি।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Frank GardnerBBC security correspondent, Bahrain Here in Bahrain, at the annual Manama Dialogue security conference, there is an almost universal concern that the announcement will be a gift to the region's twin adversaries - Iran and the jihadists of al-Qaeda and so-called Islamic State (IS). "The president has lit a fire and left his Arab allies to deal with the blaze," said Elisabeth Marteu, Consultant Senior Fellow at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). A former UK Special Forces officer, who asked not to be quoted, compared the announcement to "throwing a hand grenade into a room with the pin removed". Officially, the Arab Gulf rulers have always supported the Palestinian right to a homeland, recognising it as a long-running source of grievance for the whole region and a popular pan-Arab, pan-Islamic cause. Privately though, older members of the ruling families have never fully forgiven the Palestinian Authority for siding with Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait in 1990. Soon after that country's liberation I saw a piece of graffiti daubed on a wall in Kuwait City that read: "Jerusalem is the eternal home of the Jews and I am a Kuwaiti writing this." That was in 1991 and things are different now. Most of the Arab world's populations are too young to remember, or even care about, the invasion of 1990, but they do care about Jerusalem. It is the third holiest site in Islam, after Mecca and Medina, and it holds a special place in many people's hearts. What does this mean for counter-terrorism? It means a risk on two counts. The first is the risk that people who might not be well disposed towards the West but were not planning to translate this into violent action may now think again. Hediya Fathalla, an expert on Gulf security and a former Bahrain government official, told the BBC: "There are dormant jihadist mentalities who are sitting there thinking 'I'm not operational but I have jihadist feelings' so will this push them over the fence?" The second risk is on the other side of the equation, namely that someone previously co-operating with US government agencies may now be less inclined to do so. They may well have an excellent working relationship with, say, their counterpart at the CIA or NSA. But at the back of their minds there could now be a pervasive doubt over whether a US administration that has acted in this way actually has their interests at heart. Even at the very top of a country's hierarchy, in the Royal Court of Saudi Arabia, there must now be concerns that Saudi Arabia has chosen to work so closely with a White House that has just infuriated so much of the Arab world. Then there is Iran. The Islamic Republic continues to rival Saudi Arabia for power and prestige across the Middle East. It has long supported the twin anti-Israel militias of Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in the Palestinian Territories. The overseas arm of its Revolutionary Guards Corps is called "the Quds force", meaning "the Jerusalem force". "Iran has always used Jerusalem as a sort of narrative when stirring up Arab masses, it's what helped it align with Hamas... so I think it will definitely play into the hands of Iran," said Hediya Fathalla. Commenting this weekend in the online edition of IISS Voices for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, which organises the Manama Dialogue, Elisabeth Marteu also believes the announcement will help Iran's interests. "This would be a great boost to Tehran, which is trying to repair its image after the Syria and Iraq conflicts," she writes. Over time, the damage to US relations with its Gulf Arab partners will be repaired. Washington is simply too big, too powerful and too important an ally to ignore. The US Fifth Fleet patrols the Gulf, providing a counterweight to Iran, while sophisticated US weaponry makes up much of the region's arsenals. But the recent US announcement is a reminder to rulers here that this White House administration is still capable of causing them intense embarrassment.

জেরুজালেম ইসরায়েলের রাজধানী হিসাবে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প স্বীকৃতি দেয়ার পর বিশ্বব্যাপী তীব্র সমালোচনা শুরু হয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo had blamed Iran for the "unprovoked attacks" on Thursday. He added that the US had made its assessment based on intelligence about the type of weapons used. But Iran dismissed the claim as "unfounded". A senior Iranian official had earlier told the BBC that "Iran has no connection" with the explosions. Dozens of crew members were rescued after the blasts on the Japanese-owned Kokuka Courageous and the Front Altair, owned by a Norwegian company. In a statement released on Friday, the Iranian mission to the United Nations said: "Iran categorically rejects the US unfounded claim with regard to 13 June oil tanker incidents, and condemns it in the strongest possible terms." Within hours of the denial, the US military's Central Command released a video it says shows Iran's Revolutionary Guard "removing [an] unexploded limpet mine" from the side of the Kokuka Courageous following the blasts. The blasts come a month after four oil tankers were damaged in an unclaimed attack off the United Arab Emirates. The US at the time blamed Iran - but Tehran denied the accusations. Oil prices jumped as much as 4% after Thursday's incident in the Gulf of Oman, which lies at one end of a vital shipping lane through which hundreds of millions of dollars of oil pass. BIMCO, the world's largest international shipping association, said the tension in the area are "now as high as it gets without being an actual armed conflict". Meanwhile, UK Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt warned that if Iran was involved, "it is a deeply unwise escalation which poses a real danger to the prospects of peace and stability in the region". What did Mike Pompeo say? "It is the assessment of the United States that the Islamic Republic of Iran is responsible for the attacks," the US secretary of state said at a news conference in Washington. "This assessment is based on intelligence, the weapons used, the level of expertise needed to execute the operation, recent similar Iranian attacks on shipping, and the fact that no proxy group operating in the area has the resources and proficiency to act with such a high degree of sophistication." Mr Pompeo presented no evidence. "This is only the latest in the series of attacks instigated by the Islamic Republic of Iran and its surrogates against American and allied interests. "Taken as a whole, these unprovoked attacks present a clear threat to international peace and security, a blatant assault on the freedom of navigation, and an unacceptable campaign of escalating tension by Iran," Mr Pompeo said. What do we know about the explosions? The Norwegian Maritime Authority said earlier on Thursday that the Front Altair had been "attacked", and that there were three blasts on board. Wu I-fang, a spokesman for Taiwan's CPC Corp oil refiner, which chartered the Front Altair, said it was carrying 75,000 tonnes of naphtha and was "suspected of being hit by a torpedo", although this has not been confirmed. Other unverified reports suggested a mine attack. The ship's owner, Frontline, said the vessel was on fire - but denied reports in Iranian media that it had sunk. The operator of the Kokuka Courageous, BSM Ship Management, said its crew abandoned ship and were rescued by a passing vessel. Both Iran and the US have released pictures showing rescued crew members on board their vessels. Why are US-Iran tensions so high? In 2018, the US pulled out of the landmark nuclear deal reached in 2015 that was aimed at curbing Iran's nuclear activities. The move was strongly criticised by a number of countries, including America's closest allies. In May, President Donald Trump tightened US sanctions on Iran - mainly targeting its oil sector. Iran then announced it was suspending some commitments under the nuclear deal. In recent months the US has strengthened its forces in the Gulf - saying there was a danger of Iranian attacks. It has sent an aircraft carrier strike group and B-52 bombers to the region. In response, Iran has accused the US of aggressive behaviour. Those tensions rose markedly after the 12 May limpet mine attacks in the UAE. The UAE blamed an unnamed "state actor". The US said that actor was Iran, an accusation Tehran has denied. What is the US intelligence? It is a pretty damning verdict from Mr Pompeo but as yet little detail has been given as to the exact nature of the intelligence and the extent to which a forensic analysis of the damage to the two tankers is backed up by other information - satellite or other tracking of the movements of any other vessels involved and so on. Some may argue that there is a danger of a rush to judgement. And it is clear that if the US intends a response, especially a military one, then many countries - even friendly governments - will want to have chapter and verse on exactly what the US intelligence amounts to. Iran, for its part, was quick to deny any involvement in the incidents. Indeed it sought to deflect blame by arguing in effect that it was being framed. "Somebody," an Iranian official asserted, "is trying to destabilise relations between Iran and the international community." How has the world reacted? UN Secretary General António Guterres condemned Thursday's blasts. He told the Security Council that the world cannot afford "a major confrontation in the Gulf region". The UK's foreign secretary said it would conduct its own assessment, but the "starting point is obviously to believe our US allies". Meanwhile, the EU called for "maximum restraint", while Russia said no-one should jump to conclusions or use the incident to put pressure on Iran, a Russian ally. The incident is expected to be discussed at a closed-door meeting of the UN Security Council later on Thursday. Paolo d'Amico, chairman of the tanker association, Intertanko, said the two vessels had been attacked, and expressed concern about dangers to other crews. "If the waters are becoming unsafe, the [oil] supply to the entire Western world could be at risk," he said. Were you on board one of the tankers? Do you know anybody who was on board? If it is safe to do so, please share your experiences by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways:

ওমান উপসাগরে দুটি তেলবাহী জাহাজের ওপর হামলার জন্য ইরান দায়ী বলে মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র যে অভিযোগ করেছে ইরান তাকে ভিত্তিহীন এবং উদ্বেগজনক বলে বর্ণনা করেছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

It culminated in one of the most famous scenes in recent history - the fall of the Berlin Wall. The wall came down partly because of a bureaucratic accident but it fell amid a wave of revolutions that left the Soviet-led communist bloc teetering on the brink of collapse and helped define a new world order. How did the Wall come down? It was on 9 November 1989, five days after half a million people gathered in East Berlin in a mass protest, that the Berlin Wall dividing communist East Germany from West Germany crumbled. East German leaders had tried to calm mounting protests by loosening the borders, making travel easier for East Germans. They had not intended to open the border up completely. The changes were meant to be fairly minor - but the way they were delivered had major consequences. Notes about the new rules were handed to a spokesman, Günter Schabowski - who had no time to read them before his regular press conference. When he read the note aloud for the first time, reporters were stunned. "Private travel outside the country can now be applied for without prerequisites," he said. Surprised journalists clamoured for more details. Shuffling through his notes, Mr Schabowski said that as far as he was aware, it was effective immediately. In fact it had been planned to start the next day, with details on applying for a visa. But the news was all over television - and East Germans flocked to the border in huge numbers. Harald Jäger, a border guard in charge that evening, told Der Spiegel in 2009 that he had watched the press conference in confusion - and then watched the crowd arrive. Mr Jäger frantically called his superiors, but they gave no orders either to open the gate - or to open fire to stop the crowd. With only a handful of guards facing hundreds of angry citizens, force would have been of little use. "People could have been injured or killed even without shots being fired, in scuffles, or if there had been panic among the thousands gathered at the border crossing," he told Der Spiegel. "That's why I gave my people the order: Open the barrier!" Thousands flowed through, celebrating and crying, in scenes beamed around the world. Many climbed the wall at Berlin's Brandenburg gate, chipping away at the wall itself with hammers and pickaxes. A turbulent year had reached a climax. Why did the Wall come down? After World War Two, Europe was carved up by the Soviet Union and its former Western allies, and the Soviets gradually erected an "Iron Curtain" splitting the East from the West. Defeated Germany was divided up by the occupying powers - the US, UK, France and the USSR - with the eastern part occupied by the Soviets. East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic, became the Soviet Union's foothold in Western Europe. But Berlin was split four ways, with British, French and American zones in the west of the city and a Soviet zone in the east. West Berlin became an island surrounded by communist East Germany. The wall was eventually built in 1961 because East Berlin was haemorrhaging people to the West. By the 1980s, the Soviet Union faced acute economic problems and major food shortages, and when a nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl power station in Ukraine exploded in April 1986, it was a symbolic moment in the impending collapse of the communist bloc. Mikhail Gorbachev, the comparatively young Soviet leader who took power in 1985, introduced a reform policy of "glasnost" (openness) and "perestroika" (restructuring). But events moved far faster than he could have foreseen. Revolutionary wave Reform movements were already stirring in the communist bloc. Years of activism and strikes in Poland culminated in its ruling communist party voting to legalise the banned Solidarity trade union. By February 1989, Solidarity was in talks with the government, and partially free elections in the summer saw it capture seats in parliament. Though the Communists retained a quota of seats, Solidarity swept the board wherever it was allowed to stand. Hungarians, too, launched mass demonstrations for democracy in March. In May, 150 miles (240km) of barbed wire were dismantled along the border with Austria - the first chink in the Iron Curtain. Hungary's 1956 revolution was brutally suppressed by the Soviets, but this was succeeding. By August, the revolutionary wave had truly re-ignited on the fringes. Two million people across Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - then part of the Soviet Union - held one of the most memorable demonstrations of the so-called Singing Revolution when they formed a 370-mile (600km) human chain across the Baltic republics calling for independence. In the heat of August, Hungary opened it borders to Austria in the west, allowing East German refugees an escape. The Iron Curtain was buckling. Czechoslovakia, whose push for liberalising reform had been brutally suppressed in 1968, provided another means of escape. East Germans could travel to the neighbouring socialist nation without restriction, and began to flood the West German embassy there by the hundreds, eventually being evacuated to the West by train. East Germany ended up closing its border with Czechoslovakia in October to stem the tide. But by then the revolution had spread to East Germany itself. East Germany rebels It began with demonstrators rallying for freedom in the centre of the city of Leipzig. On 9 October, within days of East Germany celebrating its 40th anniversary, 70,000 people took to the streets. There were calls for free elections from West Germany, and talk of reform from East Germany's new communist leader Egon Krenz. No-one knew the fall of the Wall was weeks away. In late October parliament in Hungary, which had been among the first to hold mass demonstrations, adopted legislation providing for direct presidential elections and multi-party parliamentary elections. And then on 31 October, the numbers demanding democracy in East Germany swelled to half a million. Mr Krenz flew to Moscow for meetings - he recently told the BBC that he had been assured German reunification was not on the agenda. Find out more about East Germany, 1989 On 4 November, a month after the East German protests had begun, around half a million people gathered in Alexanderplatz in the heart of East Berlin. Three days later, the government resigned. But there was no intention to give way to democracy and Egon Krenz remained head of the Communist Party and the country's de facto leader. He would not be there long. Five days later, Mr Schabowski gave his world-changing press conference. Why didn't the Soviets use force? Earlier in '89, Beijing demonstrators in Tiananmen Square who had called for democracy in China were crushed in a major military crackdown. The USSR had used its military to put down rebellions before. So why not now? Within the Soviet Union itself, it did, killing 21 pro-independence protesters in the Soviet republic of Georgia. But elsewhere in the communist bloc, they did not. In a break with Soviet policy, Mikhail Gorbachev decided against using the threat of military might to quell mass demonstrations and political revolution in neighbouring countries. "We now have the Frank Sinatra doctrine," foreign ministry spokesman Gennady Gerasimov told US television. "He has a song, `I (Did) It My Way.' So every country decides on its own which road to take." A new chapter in European history On 3 December, Mr Gorbachev and US President George HW Bush sat side by side in Malta, and released a statement saying the Cold War between the two powers was coming to a close. The 1989 wave of revolutions was not over yet. Student demonstrators in Prague clashed with police, triggering the Velvet Revolution which overthrew Czechoslovak communism within weeks. In Romania, demonstrations ended in violence and saw the fall of communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu. A new government took over as the ousted leader fled his palace and angry crowds stormed it. He and his wife Elena were captured and executed on Christmas Day. More than 1,000 people were killed in unrest before and after the revolution, setting Romania apart from the largely bloodless events elsewhere. Postscript to 1989 And the Soviet Union itself? In 1990, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia took advantage of their new-found political freedoms to vote out their communist governments and make moves towards independence. The Soviet Union was falling apart, but Mr Gorbachev made one last ill-fated attempt to reform it by calling together the leaders of the 15 Soviet republics. Hardline communists opposed to his reforms pre-empted him, attempting a coup while he was on holiday in Crimea in August 1991 and putting him under house arrest. The coup was defeated in three days as pro-democracy forces rallied round Boris Yeltsin, president of the Russian republic. But it was the death knell for the USSR, and one by one its constituent republics declared independence. By the end of the year the Soviet flag had flown for the last time.

কখনো কখনো বিশ্বের ঘটনা খুব দ্রুত বদলাতে থাকে। কিন্তু যেভাবে ১৯৮৯ সালে ঘটনা এবং ক্ষমতার পরিবর্তন হয়েছে, তার সঙ্গে তাল মেটানো কঠিন ছিল।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Anthony ZurcherNorth America reporter@awzurcheron Twitter We answer your questions on the impeachment charges brought against the president. When will the trial take place in the Senate? - Kamran Norell, Birmingham, UK Nothing is set in stone yet, but the general consensus is the Senate will start its trial perhaps as early as the second week in January, when it returns from its winter recess. That's what Chuck Schumer, the Democratic Senate minority leader, has requested. And while Republican Senate leader Mitch McConnell may not like some of his counterpart's other requests for trial procedures, he may be OK with this timeline. Will Trump have to testify in the Senate trial? - James Mooney, 34, Craigavon Northern Ireland There is nothing requiring a president to testify in his or her own defence during a Senate trial. Neither Bill Clinton nor Andrew Johnson did so in their proceedings. If there are witnesses allowed in Trump's Senate trial (no sure thing), the House impeachment managers - effectively, the prosecutors in this case - may try to call the president to testify. Such a decision would raise issues of presidential privilege and immunity, however, as well as an individual's constitutional right against self-incrimination in legal proceedings. All of this is uncharted terrain, of course. If it comes up, it would land at the feet of Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts, who will preside over the president's Senate trial. Another possibility is that Trump volunteers to testify in his own defence. He has expressed an openness to such a move in the past, but like many of his tweets and off-the-cuff statements, most observers suspect there was more bluster than substance to his suggestion. His political advisors would surely counsel against it. What would the impact be on Trump's 2020 presidential bid if he was successfully impeached based on actions during his first term? - Grit Tokley, 29, London That is the million-dollar question - and it's not clear what the answer is. Republicans tout how impeachment has been a fundraising boon for Trump's presidential campaign, as his supporters rally around their embattled president. Democrats counter that this vote will be a black mark on the president's name that voters will find impossible to ignore when casting their ballots. Polls show a sharply divided nation whose opinions about the president, for and against, have not changed much because of the ongoing impeachment drama. It is probably safe to say the 2020 election was going to be close before impeachment - and it will be close after. If Trump is acquitted, could he be charged in federal court after his term of office has ended? - Ethan, 29, Birmingham, UK Nothing about the impeachment and removal process prevents a president from being tried for criminal violations after he or she leaves office. There are different standards in a criminal versus a Senate trial, of course. Impeachable offences need not be statutory crimes, and vice versa. But just because a president is forced from office does not shield him or her from legal exposure. In fact, one of the most controversial episodes of Richard Nixon's Watergate scandal was when, after the 37th president had resigned rather than face impeachment, his successor, Gerald Ford, gave him a blanket pardon for all crimes he may have committed against the nation while in office. Otherwise, Nixon very probably would have faced indictment and trial. The pardon, which Ford cited as necessary to heal the nation, was a highly unpopular move and contributed to his defeat two years later when he sought election to a full four-year presidential term. If Trump is impeached and Pence becomes president, is it legal in the US for him to appoint Trump as Vice-President, and then resign? - Harry, Beckenham Well, there's nothing in the Constitution that forbids it, so it's certainly possible. The first obstacle is that Mike Pence's appointment of Trump to the vice-presidency would have to be confirmed by a majority of both the House of Representatives and the Senate. Given that the Democrat-controlled House is on the verge of impeaching Trump, that seems unlikely. There's also the possibility that, as part of its hypothetical vote to remove Trump from office, the Senate would specify that Trump is prohibited from holding future elected office. That would stop all this in its tracks. But if the Senate didn't do that, there would be nothing stopping Pence from trying this gambit. In fact, there would be nothing stopping Trump from continuing his bid for the presidency in 2020 and finding his way back to the White House that way. If the Senate are (almost certainly) not going to vote to impeach Trump, then what is the point in this whole process? - Will Fox, 22, Leeds If you listen to Democrats, the reason they're going through with this even though the outlook is slim to none for Senate conviction is because they feel obligated to hold the president accountable for his actions. They view the president as having abused his power by pressuring Ukraine to open investigations into a political rival, and if they don't draw the line here - even if it doesn't result in his removal - the president will be emboldened to take further actions that could adversely affect Democrats in the 2020 election. Then there's the purely political fact that the Democratic base have been howling for impeachment for months. If Democratic officeholders hadn't taken action, they would have risked the ire of their most loyal supporters - and either faced primary challenges or lost general elections because their side didn't feel sufficiently motivated to turn out at the polls. If the president is impeached but not convicted by the senate, is he allowed to run again? Are there any negatives for him? - Ben C, 24, Llanelli He can absolutely run again. There is the possibility that impeachment could damage the president politically, which would adversely affect his chances at re-election, but there's nothing about the impeachment vote that would legally prohibit Trump from continuing his bid for re-election. In fact, as previously mentioned, Trump could conceivably be impeached and removed by the Senate and still continue his current presidential campaign, as long as the Senate doesn't also vote to prohibit him from holding elected office. How much is this actually costing the US tax payer? What have the Democrats achieved for US citizens in the past year? - Michael Mason, Maryland If you're talking about actual cost in dollars and cents, that's hard to quantify. The Robert Mueller Russian meddling investigation had a $32m price tag, but the House Ukraine inquiry relied on existing staff and congressional resources. If the question is one of opportunity cost, the missed chance to do other things, that's a political judgement. Democrats have passed hundreds of pieces of legislation since taking over the House of Representatives - gun control, ethics and voting reform, raising the federal minimum wage, reauthorising the Violence Against Women Act and new environmental protections, for example - but very few have received a vote in the Republican-controlled Senate. In fact, the Congress has yet to agree on a budget for the 2020 fiscal year, which started in October. If it doesn't pass a stopgap measure to continue funding by midnight Friday, the federal government will shut down for the second time this year. As Americans have seen, government shutdowns come with a very high political, and personal, price tag. Who controls the trial of an impeached president, the nation's chief justice, or the jury of senators? - Radley Williams, Australia The chief justice of the US Supreme Court is the constitutionally designated presiding officer of the Senate impeachment trial. While the framework for the trial will be voted on by the senators before it begins, John Roberts will have day-to-day control over the proceedings once the trial starts. One important caveat, however. Rulings by the chief justice are subject to reversal by a simple majority vote of the 100-person Senate. In other words, Republicans - if they can agree - can change the rules of the trial any time they want. If Trump has broken a constitutional law of the US and he is sent to the Senate for trial, but the Republicans control the Senate where it's reported that he'd be unlikely to be removed from office, how is that justice if he had actually committed a crime? - Paul Perhaps justice has nothing to do with it. The men who wrote and approved the US constitution in 1787 made a conscious decision to make the impeachment and removal process a political one. They put politicians in charge of it, after all. The American system of government was designed to set equal branches of government - the executive, the legislative and the judiciary - in constant tension. It was a way, they theorised, to prevent government tyranny. Impeachment, then, is a tool that the legislative branch has to protect its prerogatives and keep the president accountable. Whether it's also a tool for "justice" is open for debate. Should the Senate vote in line with political allegiance, as expected, or should they vote as independent jurors? - Will Barnett, Bristol, 26 Each senator will have to decide, based on his or her own conscience, how they should vote. Already some Republicans, like Lindsey Graham, have said their minds are made up and they will vote to acquit the president. Many Democrats have made clear that they view the evidence presented in the House as grounds for Trump's removal. Whether they're doing so because of political allegiance or because they've reached their own independent conclusion only they know for sure. In the end, they will all have to justify their decision to voters if they hope to be re-elected to office. That, then, is the final - and perhaps only - accountability the US system of government provides. How can Mitch McConnell possibly act impartially given his statement about acting in total coordination with the President's team? - Rolf Rees, Australia The answer is that Mitch McConnell isn't going to act impartially. He's the Republican Senate majority leader, and he's going to act in a way that benefits the Republican majority. Such is the nature of the political impeachment process. If there's one thing McConnell has demonstrated time and again, it's that he's a savvy political player who is willing and able to use the powers of the Senate to advance his goals. In this case, his desire is probably to have a smooth Senate trial that ends with the president's acquittal - an outcome that is more or less a foregone conclusion given the Republican majority in the chamber. In the interests of respecting precedent and satisfying public demand, he will endorse a process that he can defend as fair. But fairness is only part of his equation. Oh, and Donald Trump's defenders have asserted that the Democrats running the House of Representatives didn't conduct their side of the process in an impartial fashion, either. Want to find out more? Do you have any questions about the impeachment process you'd like us to answer? In some cases your question will be published, displaying your name, age and location as you provide it, unless you state otherwise. Your contact details will never be published. Please ensure you have read the terms and conditions. Use this form to ask your question: If you are reading this page and can't see the form you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question or send them via email to [email protected]. Please include your name, age and location with any question you send in.

মার্কিন কংগ্রেসের নিম্নকক্ষ হাউজ অব রিপ্রেজেন্টেটিভসে ইমপিচ হওয়া তৃতীয় প্রেসিডেন্ট হলেন ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Paul RinconScience editor, BBC News website As part of a programme called Artemis, Nasa will send a man and a woman to the lunar surface in the first landing with humans since 1972. But the agency's timeline is contingent on Congress releasing $3.2bn for building a landing system. Astronauts will travel in an Apollo-like capsule called Orion that will launch on a powerful rocket called SLS. Speaking on Monday afternoon (US time), Nasa administrator Jim Bridenstine said: "The $28bn represents the costs associated for the next four years in the Artemis programme to land on the Moon. SLS funding, Orion funding, the human landing system and of course the spacesuits - all of those things that are part of the Artemis programme are included." But he explained: "The budget request that we have before the House and the Senate right now includes $3.2bn for 2021 for the human landing system. It is critically important that we get that $3.2bn." Artemis: To the Moon and Beyond The US House of Representatives has already passed a Bill allocating $600m towards the lunar lander. But Nasa will need more funds to develop the vehicle in full. Mr Bridenstine added: "I want to be clear, we are exceptionally grateful to the House of Representatives that, in a bipartisan way, they have determined that funding a human landing system is important - that's what that $600m represents. It is also true that we are asking for the full $3.2bn." In July 2019, Mr Bridenstine told CNN that the first woman astronaut to walk on the Moon in 2024 would be someone "who has been proven, somebody who has flown, somebody who has been on the International Space Station already". He also said it would be someone already in the astronaut corps. At the time of this interview, there were 12 active woman astronauts. They have since been joined by five other female Nasa astronauts who graduated from training earlier this year. But it remains unclear whether any of the newest astronauts can fulfil the criteria in time to fly on the first landing mission in 2024. Asked about the timeline for choosing crew members for Artemis, the Nasa chief said he hoped to pick a team at least two years prior to the first mission. However, he said: "I think it's important we start identifying the Artemis team earlier than not... primarily because I think it will serve as a source of inspiration." By sending astronauts back to the Moon, the White House wants to renew American leadership in space. There are also plans to extract valuable deposits of water-ice from the lunar South Pole. These could be used to make rocket fuel on the Moon - at a lower cost than carrying it from Earth - serving as the foundation for a lunar economy. But Vice President Mike Pence has also cited concerns about China's spacefaring ambitions. In January 2019, the East Asian superpower became the first nation to softly land a robot rover on the far side of the Moon. The country is now preparing for its first mission to deliver samples of lunar soil to labs on Earth. It has been developing a next generation spacecraft for Chinese astronauts that could fly to deep space destinations such as the Moon. Though China isn't on a timeline to get there by 2024, it could make considerable progress towards such a goal this decade. The new Nasa document outlines Phase 1 of the US plan, which includes an uncrewed test flight around the Moon - called Artemis-1 - in the autumn of 2021. Nasa's human spaceflight chief Kathy Lueders said that Artemis-1 would last for about a month to test out all the critical systems. She said that demonstration flight would reduce the risk for Artemis-2, which will repeat the trip around the Moon with astronauts. A new test has been added to this mission - a proximity operations demonstration. Shortly after Orion separates from the upper-stage of the SLS rocket - known as the interim cryogenic propulsion stage - astronauts will manually pilot the spacecraft as they approach and back away from the stage. This will assess Orion's handling qualities, along with the performance of the spacecraft's hardware and software. Artemis-3 will become the first mission to send astronauts to the lunar surface since Apollo 17 some 48 years ago. Nasa has provided $967m (£763m) to several companies to work on designs for the landing vehicle that will take them there. Later in the decade, the plan calls for Nasa to establish a base for humans, called Artemis Base Camp, that would include the infrastructure needed for long-term exploration of the Moon. By comparison with Artemis, the Apollo programme in the 1960s and 70s cost upwards of $250bn in inflation-adjusted US dollars. However, the $28bn for this new plan does not include money already spent developing the Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System (SLS) rocket. Follow Paul on Twitter.

আমেরিকান মহাকাশ সংস্থা নাসা চাঁদে আবার মানুষ নিয়ে যাবার জন্য তাদের পরিকল্পনার বিশদ আনুষ্ঠানিকভাবে প্রকাশ করেছে। দু হাজার ৮০০ কোটি ডলারের (২৮ বিলিয়ন ডলার) এই প্রকল্পে ২০২৪ সালের মধ্যে আবার চাঁদে ফেরত যাবার পরিকল্পনা দেয়া হয়েছে। এই মিশনের অংশ হিসাবে এই প্রথমবারের মত একজন নারী চাঁদের বুকে পা রাখবেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Wael HusseinBBC News, Cairo On one such journey, he was seriously wounded in a car accident, but knew he had to carry on. His daily ordeal is compulsory for at least the next five years. Samhi must spend 12 hours a day at a police station - known in Egypt as a supplementary penalty. He has already served a five-year prison sentence, which ended last year. The 32-year-old journalist was convicted of spreading "false news" and helping the now banned Muslim Brotherhood group during a 2013 sit-in in Cairo to protest the ouster of the elected Islamist President Mohammed Morsi. Samhi denies the charges, and says he was just doing his job. Samhi, who posted a photo of his wrecked car on Twitter, has since been sentenced to one month in jail in absentia for breaking probation conditions the day of his accident. His case is not alone. Hundreds of political activists face similar restrictive probation rules, which human rights groups have condemned as excessive. BBC News contacted the Egyptian interior ministry for comment but did not receive a response. Dusk till dawn Outside a Cairo police station in the early hours of the morning, Rami, dressed in shabby clothes, appeared subdued. "I can't work, I can't have a family life, I'm bankrupt," he says. Rami - not his real name - is required to be inside the station every day between 6pm and 6am for the next three years. Like Samhi, he has already served time in prison - three years - for taking part in an unauthorised protest in 2014. Rami, who is in his mid-20s, was expelled from college immediately after his imprisonment and his family now has to support him financially. "This police probation has devastated my life," he says. Probation conditions differ from one police station to another. Rami says he is not even given a police cell and instead spends 12 hours in an outside area attached to the station, where he struggles to sleep under the stars. He has to bring a packed dinner with him every day, and is only allowed access to books, not electronic devices. In some police stations, those under probation are allowed to bring blankets from home for sleeping inside small designated cells. In other cases, they are left in the backyard of the walled police station, monitored closely by CCTV. Such probationary measures have been used expansively against political activists who criticise President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi or played a role in the 2011 uprising which led to former president Hosni Mubarak's overthrow. The aim, rights groups suggest, is to crush dissent and make the life of Mr Sisi's opponents harder. A set of laws, including the notorious protest law, make it almost impossible to publicly protest without taking potentially life-threatening risks. The only way to demonstrate against the government in Egypt nowadays is through Facebook posts or Twitter hashtags. Egyptian prosecutors and judges frequently issue conditional release orders and verdicts that incorporate non-custodial measures like probation, in addition to time in detention. In September last year, 215 defendants - among them a well-known photojournalist known as Shawkan - were sentenced to five years in prison and a five-year probation period. Shawkan was released in March but, like Samhi and Rami, he has to check in to a police station every night for the next five years. 'Wooden kiosk' One man who has spoken up against the procedure is Alaa Abdel Fattah. The blogger and software engineer rose to prominence during the 2011 uprising, and has spent five years in jail for organising an illegal protest. He was released last month, but as part of his sentence, he must spend five years on probation at Cairo's Dokki police station. He sparked an online campaign on his first day in the system, when he posted on Facebook "unfortunately, I'm not free yet". Using the hashtag #Half_freedom, he has been raising awareness about his probation conditions. His family says he is being locked up in a wooden kiosk inside a police station with no access to his phone or laptop. Alaa was reportedly threatened with more jail time unless he stopped talking - but so far he has refused to remain quiet. Prosecutors sometimes order probation as a condition for releasing individuals before their trial - though they have the right to terminate this and take the defendant back into custody if the conditions are violated. The law does not specify what might amount to such violations. "Police probation is used as a tactic to silence dissidents and muzzle opposition voices," Hussein Baioumi, Egypt researcher at Amnesty International told the BBC. He suggested that the system of probation, which has been in force since 1945, was another form of "arbitrary detention practised by the Egyptian authorities against many peaceful activists for no reason except for expressing their opinion".

প্রতিদিন সামহি মুস্তাফা কায়রোর কাছে তার বাড়ি থেকে মিশরের দক্ষিণের প্রদেশ বানি সোয়েফ পর্যন্ত ২০০ কিলোমিটার যাত্রা করেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The man has been identified by relatives as 20-year-old Daunte Wright. Police Chief Tim Gannon has told media the shooting was accidental. "It is my belief the officer meant to deploy their Taser but shot him with a single bullet," he said on Monday morning. The officer is now on administrative leave while an investigation is carried out. Brooklyn Center's mayor issued a curfew that lasted until 06:00 (11:00 GMT), telling people to "be safe, go home". Tensions in Minneapolis are high as the trial of a former officer accused of killing George Floyd takes place. A courtroom just 10 miles (16km) from the latest unrest will resume proceedings on Monday, with the prosecution expected to wrap up its case and the defence of the ex-officer, Derek Chauvin, to begin. President Joe Biden is expected to hold a news conference Monday afternoon. What's the latest at the scene? Hundreds of protesters chanting Daunte Wright's name gathered late on Sunday outside the police headquarters in Brooklyn Center. Tensions rose as police donned riot gear, and two police vehicles were pelted with stones and jumped on, Reuters news agency reported. Protesters wrote with chalk on pavements and lit candles, but police later ordered the protesters to disperse, with footage showing tear gas and stun grenades being fired by officers. About 20 businesses in a nearby shopping centre were later broken into, the StarTribune reported, with sporadic looting spreading to other areas of Minneapolis. Brooklyn Center Mayor Mike Elliott announced on Twitter he was issuing a curfew until 06:00. In an early-morning video post on the death of Daunte Wright, Mayor Elliott said "our hearts are with his family" and pledged "we are going to make sure that everything is done in our power to ensure justice". He urged people protesting to do so peacefully. Members of the Minnesota National Guard, already deployed for the murder trial of Derek Chauvin over the death of George Floyd, were sent to Brooklyn Center. Some remained on the streets after the curfew ended, but by that time the crowds had mainly dispersed. Brooklyn Center has closed all school buildings, programmes and activities for Monday, local media report. Communities on edge The BBC's Samantha Granville at the scene in Brooklyn Center Police officers stood shoulder-to-shoulder, creating a human barricade outside the Brooklyn Center Police Department. They stood with helmets, shields and other riot gear, adamant about keeping the building safe. Hundreds of protesters tried to inch forward, chanting: "If we don't get no justice, they don't get no peace." Some kneeled in front of the police with their hands on their heads. Others stood silently with signs that listed names of African Americans who had been killed by the police. Among the crowd were some of Daunte Wright's friends and relatives. Throughout the standoff, the police would fire off smoke and flash bombs if they thought protesters were getting too close, or if the crowd seemed it was getting too big and unmanageable. It was an all-too-familiar scene for communities still reeling from the riots during the summer of 2020 in the aftermath of the killing of George Floyd. As the verdict in the trial over his death looms, Sunday's events show just how much those communities are on edge. What happened to Daunte Wright? In a statement, the Brooklyn Center Police Department said officers had pulled a man over for a traffic violation on Sunday afternoon and determined that he had an outstanding arrest warrant. They said that when police tried to arrest him, he re-entered the vehicle. An officer then shot the driver, who drove on for several blocks before he crashed into another vehicle. He was pronounced dead at the scene. A female passenger in the vehicle suffered non-life-threatening injuries. Police said the officers involved were wearing body cameras, and dash cameras had also been activated. Mr Wright's mother, Katie, said her son had called her during the traffic stop and he said he had been pulled over because of "air fresheners hanging from his rear-view mirror". She said she then heard scuffling and the phone line was cut. "A minute later, I called and his girlfriend answered, who was the passenger in the car, and said that he'd been shot... and my son was laying there lifeless." She said her son's body had been left on the ground by officers, adding: "Nobody will tell us anything. Nobody will talk to us... I said please take my son off the ground." Minnesota Governor Tim Walz said he was "closely monitoring the situation" and praying for Mr Wright's family. "Our state mourns another life of a black man taken by law enforcement," he said. Why Minneapolis is tense The murder trial of Derek Chauvin over the death of George Floyd has been under way in the city for two weeks now. Mr Chauvin was filmed kneeling on Mr Floyd's neck for more than nine minutes during an arrest operation in Minneapolis last May. The footage of the incident sparked global protests against racism. The trial is expected to last at least one month and law enforcement officials have already been bracing for possible unrest once the jury reaches a verdict. George Floyd's death sparked waves of protests around the city, many peaceful but some violent with hundreds of buildings damaged.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের মিনিয়াপোলিস শহরের কাছে আরেকজন কৃষ্ণাঙ্গ যুবককে পুলিশ গুলি করে হত্যা করার পর বিক্ষোভকারীদের ওপর টিয়ার গ্যাস নিক্ষেপ করা হয়েছে এবং ব্রুকলিন সেন্টার শহরে কারফিউ জারি করা হয়েছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

In 2007 Irrfan came to New York to promote Michael Winterbottom's A Mighty Heart, an investigation into the kidnapping and murder of the Wall Street Journal's South Asia correspondent Daniel Pearl. In the midst of interviews with him and his co-stars, including Angelina Jolie, Irrfan pulled me aside and talked to me in Hindi. He asked if anything was happening - if people recognised him and whether he had a chance to get more work in the West. A Mighty Heart was Irrfan's second international project. His first, Mira Nair's The Namesake (2006) - a story about Indian American immigrants that was financed by a Hollywood studio - was still playing in some cinemas in New York and elsewhere. Yes, certainly something was definitely happening, I told Irrfan. I did not know of any other Bollywood actor who had two films playing in US movie theatres at the same time. And later that year, Irrfan was back again, playing a small supporting role in Wes Anderson's The Darjeeling Limited. Irrfan Khan was trained as a theatre actor in India's prestigious National School of Drama, but then struggled working as a television actor. His first big break was in British Indian filmmaker Asif Kapadia's film The Warrior (2001). The Bafta-winning film was presented in cinemas with an endorsement from late filmmaker Anthony Minghella. By 2007 Irrfan was already a star in Bollywood, India's Hindi film industry. He did not have to take on projects outside India, but as an actor he was always looking to face new challenges. His big break came the next year - Danny Boyle's unexpected hit film, Slumdog Millionaire. Slumdog made overnight stars of its young leads - Freida Pinto and Dev Patel. But it also opened up doors for Irrfan. He managed to get an agent and a manager in the US and there was no looking back. Soon he landed big-ticket projects - The Amazing Spider-Man (2012), although a rather small role, Inferno (2016) and even Jurassic World (2015). There is a story Irrfan told the press while promoting Jurassic World. When the original Jurassic Park opened in 1993, Irrfan was a struggling television actor in Bombay (now Mumbai). He could not afford to buy a ticket to see the film. Some 22 years later he played a key role in a franchise film that went on to earn $1.7bn (£1.4bn) worldwide. Irrfan suddenly became the most successful Indian actor to perform in a Hollywood film. But despite other big projects in the West - he played a key role in Ang Lee's Life of Pi (2012) - Irrfan had to make tough decisions, whether to accept big Hollywood films or to work on smaller but prestigious ones in India. That problem arose a few times. In 2015 he said no to working on Ridley Scott's The Martian, instead choosing a charming love story Piku, set in Delhi and Kolkata (Calcutta). "He was in two minds about what to do, and he kept asking me," Piku's director Shoojit Sircar told me when I interviewed him for the biography of Irrfan. "I was thinking, possibly for him, who is Shoojit Sircar? He's nobody compared to a Hollywood director." Irrfan also said no to Ridley Scott's Body of Lies (2008). And his biggest regret was missing out on Christopher Nolan's Intersteller (2014), because his smaller India-based project The Lunchbox was being shot at the same time. This is a sign of the star Irrfan had become, especially after Slumdog Millionaire. He could have gone along that path of A-list projects, but in 2018 he acted in his first American indie, a sweet little film called Puzzle where he played an eccentric rich man, alongside Kelly Macdonald. The world was just opening up for Irrfan and he was in his early 50s. Then in the spring of 2018 he disclosed he was suffering from a neuroendocrine tumour. Soon he left for London for treatment. In two years of the struggle and cancer treatment, Irrfan was able to complete one Hindi-language film Angrezi Medium (2020). There was so much promise, so many more roles to play. Fortunately, he has left behind a large treasure trove of films his fans can watch.

বলিউড অভিনেতা ইরফান খান মারা গেছেন। এসময় তার বয়স হয়েছিল ৫৩ বছর।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Moscow accused the USS John S McCain of travelling 2km (1.2 miles) across its maritime border in Peter the Great Gulf and says it threatened to ram the ship. The US warship then left the area, according to Russia. However, the US Navy denied any wrongdoing and said its ship had not been "expelled". The incident took place on Tuesday in the Sea of Japan, also known as the East Sea, a body of water bordered by Japan, Russia and the Koreas. According to the Russian defence ministry, its Pacific Fleet destroyer the Admiral Vinogradov used an international communications channel to warn the US ship about "the possibility of using ramming to get the intruder out of the territorial waters". "The Russian Federation's statement about this mission is false," said a spokesman for the US Navy's 7th Fleet, Lt Joe Keiley. "USS John S McCain was not 'expelled' from any nation's territory." He said the US "would "never bow in intimidation or be coerced into accepting illegitimate maritime claims, such as those made by the Russian Federation". Such incidents at sea are rare, although the Admiral Vinogradov was also involved in a near-collision with a US cruiser in the East China Sea last year. Both Russia and the US exchanged blame for that incident. The two countries regularly accuse the other of dangerous military manoeuvres - at sea and in the air. In 1988, a Soviet frigate, the Bezzavetny, "bumped" a US cruiser, the Yorktown, in the Black Sea, accusing it of intruding in territorial waters. Relations between Moscow and Washington remain strained, and President Vladimir Putin has still not congratulated Joe Biden on his victory in the US presidential election. The two countries have also yet to finalise the last remaining nuclear arms pact between them, which is due to expire in February. In 2017, the USS John S McCain was involved in a collision with an oil tanker off Singapore, when 10 sailors were killed.

রাশিয়া বলছে, জাপান সাগরে তাদের জলসীমার মধ্যে ঢুকে পড়া মার্কিন নৌবাহিনীর একটি ডেস্ট্রয়ারকে পাকড়াও করে তাড়িয়ে দিয়েছে রুশ একটি যুদ্ধজাহাজ।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who presented the findings on Monday, said the tiger population had risen from 2,226 in 2014 to 2,967 in 2018. He added that India is "now one of the biggest and most secure habitats of the tiger". India is now estimated to be home to around 70% of the world's tigers. India counts its tigers once every four years - it's a long, arduous task that involves forest officials and scientists trekking across half a million square kilometres (193,000 sq miles) looking for evidence of the tiger population. Mr Modi said the results of this tiger census would make "every Indian happy". This is a major conservation success, correspondents say. By one estimate, between 1875 and 1925 alone, some 80,000 tigers were killed in India. Bounty and sports hunting were rampant - kings and officials killed tigers in their thousands, using guns, spears, nets, traps and poison. By the 1960s the number of tigers had dwindled precipitously. But a number of government initiatives to streamline tiger conservation - including a ban on hunting and awareness drives in villages -are said to be behind the increase of the population. A strict wildlife protection law implemented in 1972 made it virtually illegal to kill or capture wild animals even when "problem animals" were involved in severe conflict situations. Under pressure from global conservationists, India also upped investments to hire more forest guards and improve protection of reserves. The results began to show in 2006, and since then there has been a healthy uptick in tiger numbers. But there has also been an increase in human-tiger conflict recently and one reason is that India has too many tigers and too few forests that can sustain them unless more protected reserves are added. According to one estimate, big cats breed and live in only about 10% of India's total potential tiger habitat of 300,000 sq km (115,830 sq miles). Animal density in many of these forest areas is high, and surplus tigers sometimes venture outside for food, bringing them into conflict with people who live nearby. Conservationists say conflict with humans is largely restricted to the edges of protected areas, forests and plantations - and that unless India expands tiger reserves, such conflicts will increase.

ভারতে সবশেষ বাঘশুমারির ফলাফল প্রকাশ করে সে দেশের সরকার আজ দাবি করেছে, মাত্র ন'বছরের মধ্যে সেখানে রয়্যাল বেঙ্গল টাইগারের সংখ্যা দ্বিগুণ হয়ে প্রায় তিন হাজারে পৌঁছেছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The 70-year-old died of coronavirus - a fact found out only after his death. The man, a preacher, had ignored advice to self quarantine after returning from a trip to Italy and Germany, officials told BBC Punjabi's Arvind Chhabra. India has 640 confirmed cases of the virus, of which 30 are in Punjab. However, experts worry that the real number of positive cases could be far higher. India has one of the lowest testing rates in the world, although efforts are under way to ramp up capacity. There are fears that an outbreak in the country of 1.3 billion people could result in a catastrophe. The man, identified as Baldev Singh, had visited a large gathering to celebrate the Sikh festival of Hola Mohalla shortly before he died. The six-day festival attracts around 10,000 people every day. A week after his death, 19 of his relatives have tested positive. "So far, we have been able to trace 550 people who came into direct contact with him and the number is growing. We have sealed 15 villages around the area he stayed," a senior official told the BBC. Another five villages in an adjoining district have also been sealed. This is not the first time that exposure has resulted in mass quarantining in India. In Bhilwara, a textile city in the northern state of Rajasthan, there are fears that a group of doctors who were infected by a patient could have spread the disease to hundreds of people. Seven thousand people in villages neighbouring the city are under home quarantine. India has also declared a 21-day lockdown, although people are free to go out to buy essential items like food and medicine.

ভারতের উত্তরাঞ্চলীয় প্রদেশ পাঞ্জাবের কর্তৃপক্ষ সেখানকার ২০টি গ্রামের ৪০,০০০ বাসিন্দাকে কোয়ারানটাইনে আটক করেছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Valeria PerassoSocial Affairs correspondent, BBC Languages Ipsos Mori surveyed about 20,000 people with internet access in 27 countries about their friendship groups, with a majority saying they were inclined to embrace differences. Half agreed it was important to listen to others who were different from them - even if they disagreed with the other person. However, not many people said they did this on a regular basis. "There is a gap between what we think is good for society, versus what we actually practise," says Ipsos Mori's Glenn Gottfried, who oversaw the research. What did people say? Across the countries polled, around two in five respondents said a majority of their friends had similar views or beliefs to them in terms of climate change (42%), religion (38%), immigration (38%) and feminism (37%). However, the numbers dropped when they were asked about political views. Over 35% claimed to speak to people with opposing views on at least a weekly basis. About a fifth said they had such conversations less than once a month, with one in 10 suggesting they never did. These findings replicate recent polling on post-truth and the internet, which showed 65% of people think that others across the world live in an online bubble but only 34% admitted to living in similar bubbles themselves. Not tried our quiz yet? Give it a try... See how your answers compare with those of people who took part in the survey: How do we perceive our friends? More than half (56%) of all participants said the majority of their friends were of the same ethnicity, while 46% said most were of the same age group. This is in line with a growing body of evidence that suggests that we tend to make friends with people who are similar to us, analysts say. The same can be said about education: globally, a majority report finding like-minded souls among people with similar educational attainment. However, this drops dramatically when discussing levels of income. Only 30% of respondents said they are in the same income bracket as the majority of their friends. An income gap - sometimes established later in life and not necessarily related to education levels - is no bar to friendship, the poll suggests. But Alison Goldsworthy, founder of US research group The Depolarization Project, sounds a note of caution. "People lie all the time about how much they earn," she says. "Their friends may have no idea and (especially in some cultures) people are unlikely to discuss this in their social interactions." Do friends agree on the big issues? Just under a third of respondents said they shared their political views with most of their friends, with only one in 10 of those who took on the question responding "all" or "almost all". "It is important to identify that people think their groups are more politically diverse than they actually are," says Ms Goldsworthy. This may partly be because the political divide is often more openly addressed than other social differences. "For instance, it's [perceived as] OK to see those who are different politically in a hostile manner in a way that is not acceptable when it comes to race, gender or religion," Ms Goldsworthy adds. While more than 80% of respondents perceived the political divisions in their social circles, they were split over whether these were positive or detrimental. A third thought these differing views are a healthy sign of a diverse society, while a similar proportion (32%) thought they are so polarising they could be dangerous. Also, more than 40% of those polled thought society is more in danger now than it was two decades ago because of divisions along political lines, with only 14% thinking the opposite. "Politics is a thorny issue in people's social circles," says Ipsos Mori's Glenn Gottfried. "These are times in which politics are changing and people recognise that they are becoming more divisive," he adds. What about the effects of social media? Boon or curse? Views are mixed. While social media is helping to break down barriers and give a voice to many, the survey suggests a majority of people believe platforms such as Facebook and Twitter play a big part in polarising opinion. And the limitations? There are some limitations as to how much the research data can tell us about the real nature of the "social bubbles" people may be living in. The Ipsos Mori study, conducted between November and December 2018, assessed people's perceptions of reality, as opposed to factual information. In other words, it shows us how diverse participants consider their friendship circles to be rather than how diverse they are. Also, only people who had online access were surveyed. As a result, in 15 of the 27 countries the sample was representative of the country's demographics, but in the remaining 12 the group polled was more urban, more educated and with higher incomes than the national average, so results cannot be extrapolated to the overall population. Note on quiz methodology The answers to each survey question are categorised according to where they fit on a spectrum between comparative isolation from people with different backgrounds and points of view to strong connections with them. The result assigned at the end of the quiz is based on an aggregation of the position on the spectrum for each answer given, so people who click the most socially isolated answer for each question will end up in the "bubbling over" category, and those clicking the opposite answers will get "bubble free", with middling answers steering readers towards the corresponding middling categories. But the categories at the end of the quiz are defined by the responses people gave to the survey, rather than any arbitrary definition of what it means to be in a social bubble. So, if an answer corresponds to one end of the spectrum but was also a common response in the survey, then this will steer the reader towards the relevant category less than if it were an unusual survey response. For example, when asked whether it was "important to listen to people who are different" from themselves, many people in the survey sample answered "very much" - in fact this was the most common answer. Therefore answering this way in the quiz would mean that a reader would still be heading towards the "bubble free" category, but to a lesser extent than the opposite answer ("not at all") would steer a reader towards the "bubbling over" category. BBC Crossing Divides A season of stories about bringing people together in a fragmented world.

সামাজিক গবেষণায় দেখা গেছে যে, যখন আমরা আমাদের বন্ধুত্বের নেটওয়ার্ক গড়ে তুলি, তখন আমরা এমন মানুষ দিয়ে নিজেদের ঘিরে রাখি যারা অনেক ক্ষেত্রেই আমাদের মতো।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo called the talks a "truly momentous" breakthrough, while the head of Afghanistan's peace council called it an "exceptional opportunity for peace". The Taliban did not mention a truce, reiterating instead that Afghanistan should be under Islamic law. These talks follow a US-Taliban security deal reached in February. Afghanistan has seen four decades of conflict, with tens of thousands of civilians killed. Why are these talks historic? These are the first direct talks between the Taliban and representatives of the Afghan government. The militants had until now refused to meet the government, calling them powerless and American "puppets". The two sides are aiming for political reconciliation and an end to decades of violence, which began with the 1979 Soviet invasion. US-led troops have been present in Afghanistan for nearly two decades, after launching air strikes to oust the Taliban in 2001 following the deadly 9/11 al-Qaeda attacks in New York. At 19 years, the conflict in Afghanistan has been the longest in US history. One senior Afghan negotiator, Nader Nadery, told the BBC it was "an emotional, but very very difficult and important day." "All of us have lost loved ones and the country that we love so much has been destroyed... it's also difficult because you face the people who, as an example in my case, killed my nephew two weeks ago. And we need to pull all the strength to face them, to talk to them." What should we expect from the talks? Everyone taking part in the talks has acknowledged that they will be challenging - there are deep disagreements between the two sides, and the conflict is still continuing in Afghanistan. Mr Pompeo, who spoke at the opening of the talks, said there would "undoubtedly" be "many challenges" - but stressed that a peace deal would benefit future generations, and also affect how much aid the US provided in the years to follow. Abdullah Abdullah, the head of Afghanistan's delegation, said the two sides "do not have to agree 100% on each of the issues before us", but said he hoped for a humanitarian ceasefire and a peace "accepted and supported by all Afghan citizens". At the conference Taliban leader Mullah Baradar Akhund called for Afghanistan to have an "Islamic system in which all tribes and ethnicities... live their lives in love and brotherhood". "Negotiations may have problems but should move forward with patience," he added. Many worry that fragile progress made in women's rights could be sacrificed in the process, with one women's rights activist pointing out that "there is not a single woman" in the Taliban's negotiating team. The talks also present a challenge to the Taliban, who will have to bring forward a tangible political vision for Afghanistan. They have so far been vague, stating they wish to see an "Islamic" but also "inclusive" government. The talks may provide more evidence of how the militant group has changed since the 1990s, when they ruled using a harsh interpretation of Sharia law. In a statement, Nato Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said "sacrifices" from "Afghans and our own troops" had helped improve the quality of life for people in the country, particularly for women. "These sacrifices were not made in vain," he said. "The talks starting today must preserve these gains to reflect the hopes and wishes of all Afghan men and women." He added that the alliance was "adjusting [its] troop presence" in the country in support of the peace process. Emotions and worries inside conference hall in Doha Emotional, nervous, cautiously hopeful, worried - just some of the words spoken by Afghans to express their feelings in this moment. In a country where turning points of the past have veered into yet more violence, everyone speaks of a profound yearning for peace. But everyone knows too of the hurdles ahead. After the opening speeches, a Taliban leader remarked: "Isn't it better to talk together than to fight each other?" An Afghan diplomat was at pains to point out that everyone who spoke in the opening ceremony called for a ceasefire - except the Taliban. But an Afghan politician noted, positively, Taliban leader Mullah Baradar's statement where he mentioned the difficulties, but also the readiness to resolve them. The words that matter most will come when Afghans sit down for their first formal face-to-face talks. What matters just as much is what happens on the battlefield still burning back home. How did we get here? The US-Taliban agreement reached in February set out a timetable for the withdrawal of foreign forces, in exchange for counter-terrorism guarantees. The US and its Nato allies agreed to withdraw all troops within 14 months, while the Taliban committed not to allow al-Qaeda or any other extremist group to operate in the areas they control. The US also agreed to lift sanctions against the Taliban and work with the UN to lift its separate sanctions against the group, as well as cutting its troop numbers in the country from about 12,000 to 8,600 and closing several bases. The deal also provided for a prisoner swap of about 5,000 Taliban prisoners and 1,000 detained Afghan security personnel. Talks between the Afghan government and the Taliban were meant to begin in March but were repeatedly delayed by a dispute over prisoner exchange arrangements, as well as violence in the country. Some of the men the Taliban wanted freed were commanders believed to have been involved in major attacks. "We cannot release the killers of our people," a government negotiator said at the time. According to a report by the Washington Post last month, three Afghans accused of involvement in the deaths of US troops were also a sticking point. Progress was slow, but in August the Afghan government began to free the final 400 Taliban prisoners, after the move was approved by a grand assembly, or loya jirga of elders. Not all of the group of 400 were released straight away, after both France and Australia objected to freeing six prisoners accused of fatal attacks against their nationals, including humanitarian workers. Their release and transfer to Doha on the eve of talks removed the final hurdle. How did the US get embroiled in the Afghan conflict? US-led troops have been present in Afghanistan for nearly two decades, after launching air strikes to oust the Taliban in 2001 following the deadly 9/11 al-Qaeda attacks in New York. The Taliban, who protected al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden, had refused to hand him over. At the outset in 2001, the US was joined in its fight by an international coalition, and the Taliban were quickly removed from power. But the militant group morphed into an insurgent force that dug in and launched deadly attacks against US-led forces and the Afghan military, as well as Afghan government officials. The international coalition ended its combat mission in 2014. The total coalition death toll by that point was nearly 3,500. More than 2,400 US military personnel have been killed. The UK lost more than 450 of its soldiers. The Watson Institute at Brown University estimated in November 2019 that more than 43,000 civilians had been killed, with 64,000 Afghan security personnel and 42,000 anti-government fighters dead. The true numbers will never be known. The US continued its own, scaled-back combat operation after 2014, including air strikes. The Taliban meanwhile continued to gain momentum and now control more territory than at any time since 2001. You may also be interested in:

কয়েক মাসের বিলম্বের পর আফগানিস্তান সরকার ও তালেবান প্রতিনিধিদের মধ্যে প্রথমবারের মতো শান্তি আলোচনা শুরু হয়েছে উপসাগরীয় দেশ কাতারে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

He's the first to be arrested under a new anti-conversion law that targets "love jihad" - a term radical Hindu groups use to accuse Muslim men of converting Hindu women by marriage. The law has prompted outrage, with critics calling it Islamophobic. At least four other Indian states are drafting laws against "love jihad". Police in Uttar Pradesh's Bareilly district confirmed the arrest on Twitter on Wednesday. The woman's father told BBC Hindi that he filed a complaint because the man "put pressure" on his daughter to convert and threatened her if she didn't. The woman was allegedly in a relationship with the man but got married to someone else earlier this year. Police told BBC Hindi that the woman's family had filed a kidnapping case against the accused a year ago but the case was closed after she was found and denied the charge. After his arrest on Wednesday, the man was sent to 14 days of judicial custody. He told reporters that he was innocent and had "no link with the woman". The new law carries a jail term of up to 10 years and offences under it are non-bailable. What is the 'love jihad' law? In November, Uttar Pradesh became the first state to pass a law against "forced" or "fraudulent" religious conversions. But it might not be the last as at least four other states - Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Karnataka and Assam - have said that they are planning to bring in laws against "love jihad". All five states are governed by the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), who have been accused of normalising anti-Muslim sentiment. Critics have called it regressive and offensive, with many concerned that such laws will lead to misuse and harassment since "love jihad" has always been seen as a term used by fringe right-wing radical Hindu groups. It is not a term officially recognised by Indian law. But it has dominated headlines in the last few months - in October, a popular jewellery brand withdrew an advertisement featuring an inter-faith couple after right-wing backlash accused them of promoting "love jihad". And then in November, authorities accused Netflix of the same, pointing to a scene in the television series, A Suitable Boy, where a Hindu woman and a Muslim man share a kiss as the camera pans to the backdrop of a Hindu temple. Madhya Pradesh's Home Minister, Narottam Mishra, said it hurt "religious sentiments" and directed officials to look into legal action against the producer and director of the series. Critics of the BJP say religious polarisation has increased since Prime Minister Narendra Modi first swept into power in 2014. Hindu-Muslim marriages have long attracted censure in India but the attachment of a deeper, sinister motive to them is a recent phenomenon. You may also be interested in:

ভারতের উত্তর প্রদেশে একজন হিন্দু নারীকে ইসলাম ধর্মে দীক্ষিত করার অভিযোগে পুলিশ একজন মুসলিম পুরুষকে গ্রেপ্তার করেছে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Polio survivor Kuhu Das was told to remove her callipers even when she told a female security officer she could not do so without taking off her trousers. Jeeja Ghosh, the second activist who has cerebral palsy, was told she could not fly without an escort. They were flying to Delhi for a meeting on the rights of disabled women. After protests, they were allowed to travel, but the activists said they felt "insulted and humiliated". Ms Das, who had polio when she was three years old, told the BBC she had been wearing callipers with titanium rods for many years. On Sunday afternoon when she went to the airport, the female police officer asked her to take off her callipers so that they could be put through the scanner. "When I refused, she called another officer and right in front of me, she told her colleague that she had never seen anyone like me before. It was like I had come from another planet. How insensitive is that?" Ms Das said she never faced such a problem at airports outside India. "It is unacceptable that every time in India, they want me to take off my callipers which effectively means they are asking me to take off my trousers," she said. She said the staff of GoAir, the private airline they had flown, told her wheelchair-bound colleague Jeeja Ghosh that she could not travel unless she had an escort. "Jeeja is an adult" who travels around the globe on her own and feels "very insulted" by the airline, Ms Das said. "We protested, we said this was discriminatory, so the person at the check-in counter apologised. But we are not angry with her. It's not an individual problem. It's how an airline treats a person with disability," she added. After news of their ordeal was covered by Indian press, Kolkata airport authorities on Monday tweeted an apology to the two activists. Two years ago, authorities said passengers with disability would no longer have to remove their prosthetic limbs for screening at airports, but two years later, it seems the order is yet to reach the police officials on security duty. India has more than 26 million people living with physical or learning disabilities, but there is little infrastructure to support them in their everyday life. Campaigners say disabled people also routinely face stigma, discrimination and harassment. Two years back, a female para-athlete was forced to sleep on the floor of a train as she had been allotted an upper berth against the rules. In 2016, a disability activist, who uses a wheelchair, was assaulted in India for not standing up to the national anthem being played in a cinema.

ভারতের কলকাতা বিমান বন্দরে দুজন প্রতিবন্ধী অধিকারকর্মী নারীকে তল্লাশির নামে হয়রানির অভিযোগ ওঠার পর কর্তৃপক্ষ দু:খ প্রকাশ করেছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

On Monday, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte ordered people to stay home and seek permission for essential travel. He said the measures were designed to protect the most vulnerable. "There is no more time," he said in a TV address. Italy's coronavirus death toll jumped from 366 to 463 on Monday. It is the worst-hit country after China. The number of confirmed infection also increased by 24% from Sunday, official figures showed. Cases of the virus have been confirmed in all 20 Italian regions. What did Mr Conte say? Mr Conte said the best thing was for people to stay at home. "We're having an important growth in infection... and of deaths," he said in an evening address. "The whole of Italy will become a protected zone," he added. "We all must give something up for the good of Italy. We have to do it now. "This is why I decided to adopt even more strong and severe measures to contain the advance... and protect the health of all citizens." In an earlier interview with La Repubblica newspaper, Mr Conte said of the outbreak: "I have been thinking about the old speeches of [Winston] Churchill - it is our darkest hour, but we will make it". What are the restrictions? Mr Conte described the measures as "I stay home" - with people forbidden to gather in public. "No more nightlife; we can't allow this anymore since they are occasions for contagion," he said. All sporting events - including football matches - are suspended nationwide. Schools and universities will remain closed until 3 April. The government said only those with a valid work or family reason that cannot be postponed will be allowed to travel. Passengers departing on flights will have to justify themselves, as will all those who arrive by plane. There are controls at train stations to check the temperatures of passengers. Cruise ships are also forbidden to dock at various ports. How have people reacted? Earlier on Monday, seven inmates died amid riots at prisons across the country after authorities suspended all visits as part of attempts to control the spread of the disease. The trouble began in the northern city of Modena at the Sant'Anna prison. It is thought that at least two of the dead lost their lives to drug overdoses after they raided a prison hospital for the heroin substitute methadone. At San Vittore prison in Milan, detainees set fire to a cell block, then climbed onto the roof through windows and started waving banners, officials said. At a prison in the southern city of Foggia, dozens of inmates broke out of the building during protests. Many were quickly recaptured, Italy's Ansa news agency reported. Nine are still missing. There were also riots at other prisons in northern Italy and at facilities in Naples and Rome. How about the rest of the world? The number of infections worldwide is now more than 111,000, with about 3,890 deaths. Everyone arriving in Israel will be required to self-quarantine for 14 days, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced. Iran has reported 43 new deaths related to the disease in the past 24 hours. At least 237 people have died and 7,161 have been infected across the country since mid-February, although the real figures are believed to be far higher. China, which has recorded the highest number of fatalities, reported just 40 new cases of Covid-19, the lowest since 20 January. Although this indicates that the spread there is slowing, senior officials warned against reducing vigilance. In other developments: Have you or someone you know been affected by coronavirus? Share your experiences by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways:

করোনাভাইরাস প্রতিরোধে দেশ জুড় জরুরী কর্মকাণ্ড বাড়িয়েছে ইতালি। এর মধ্যে ভ্রমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞা এবং জনসমাগমে না যাওয়ার নির্দেশনা দেয়া হয়েছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Mr Trump had criticised his top law official for months, mainly over his refusal to oversee the investigation into alleged Russian meddling in favour of Mr Trump's election in 2016. Mr Sessions's chief of staff, Matthew Whitaker, who has criticised the inquiry, will take over temporarily. Special Counsel Robert Mueller is investigating alleged collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia. Mr Mueller's wide-ranging investigation has resulted in a series of criminal charges against several Trump associates. In a resignation letter, Mr Sessions - a former Alabama senator who was an early supporter of Mr Trump - made clear the decision to go was not his own. "Dear Mr President, at your request I am submitting my resignation," he wrote in an undated letter. "Most importantly, in my time as attorney general, we have restored and upheld the rule of law," Mr Sessions added, while thanking the Republican president. "We thank Attorney General Jeff Sessions for his service, and wish him well!" Mr Trump tweeted on Wednesday. "Clearly, the president has something to hide," opposition Democratic party Senate leader Chuck Schumer said. "Given his previous comments advocating defunding and imposing limitations on the Mueller investigation, Mr Whitaker should recuse himself from its oversight for the duration of his time as acting attorney general." Why was Sessions fired? Mr Trump has repeatedly pilloried his top law enforcement official since Mr Sessions stepped aside from the Russia inquiry in March 2017. In July 2017 Mr Trump told the New York Times: "Sessions should have never recused himself, and if he was going to recuse himself, he should have told me before he took the job and I would have picked somebody else." Mr Sessions voluntarily removed himself from the probe after Democrats accused him of failing to disclose contacts with the Russian ambassador during his Senate confirmation hearing. The attorney general later said he had forgotten about those meetings, which happened during the Trump election campaign. Mr Trump has at various times belittled Mr Sessions as "VERY weak" and "DISGRACEFUL". What happens now? Matthew Whitaker can now assume control of the Mueller inquiry, which has been under the control of Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein until now. The president cannot directly fire the special counsel, whose investigation Mr Trump has repeatedly decried as a witch hunt. But Mr Sessions's replacement will have the power to fire Mr Mueller or end the inquiry. Mr Whitaker has not shied away from sharing his concerns over the investigation. For example, in August 2017, he wrote a piece for CNN in which he stated that looking into Mr Trump's personal finances, or those of his family, "goes beyond the scope of the appointment of the special counsel". He went on to call on Mr Rosenstein to "order Mueller to limit the scope of the investigation" or risk the inquiry starting "to look like a political fishing expedition". It was the deputy attorney general who appointed Mr Mueller to lead the Russia inquiry, after Mr Trump fired FBI director James Comey in May 2017. The special counsel's probe has also been investigating whether Mr Comey's firing amounted to attempted obstruction of justice. There has also been a question mark over Mr Rosenstein's future since it was reported he had discussed invoking a constitutional clause to oust President Trump. Is Trump trying to shut down Russia probe? Analysis by Anthony Zurcher, BBC Washington The presidential axe that had been hovering over Jeff Sessions for what has seemed like an eternity just came swinging down with a thud. Donald Trump had previously said he would wait until after the mid-term elections to decide his attorney general's fate, and he did - but just barely. And like that the duties of overseeing Robert Mueller's Russia investigation shift from the man who appointed the special counsel, Rod Rosenstein, to a man who has been a critic of it, Department of Justice Chief of Staff Matthew Whitaker. In an opinion piece for The Hill before he took the Department of Justice job, Mr Whitaker wrote that calls for an as yet-to-be-named independent prosecutor would be "just craven attempts to score cheap political points". In April 2017, he wrote for CNN that any Mueller investigation into the president's finances would be "going too far". What happens next is critical. Mr Mueller's inquiry could continue unabated - although the special counsel must surely be considering tightening his timeline. There is also the possibility, however, that this is just the opening move of a White House effort to shut down the probe or keep its findings out of the public eye. What's the reaction? Democrats were outraged by the attorney general's removal, with Senate leader Mr Schumer said protecting the Mueller investigation was "paramount" in light of the move. House of Representatives Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi said: "It is impossible to read Attorney General Sessions' firing as anything other than another blatant attempt by President Trump to undermine & end Special Counsel Mueller's investigation." Former Attorney General Eric Holder, who served during President Barack Obama's administration, tweeted to say that anyone who tried to interfere with the Mueller investigation "must be held accountable". Republican Senator Lindsey Graham said he looked forward to "working with President Trump to find a confirmable, worthy successor so that we can start a new chapter at the Department of Justice". Mr Graham, of South Carolina, had said last year there would be "holy hell to pay" if Mr Sessions was ever fired. The senator was previously tipped as a replacement for Mr Sessions, but he seemed to take himself out of consideration on Wednesday, suggesting he would stay in the Senate.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের অ্যাটর্নি জেনারেল জেফ সেশনসকে বরখাস্ত করেছেন মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

In other words, they're "spies". This might surprise anyone who thought the key requirements for being a good diplomat were a firm handshake, a decent backhand and the ability to order a gin and tonic in several languages. So where do you draw the line between official diplomacy and the murky world of espionage? "Every embassy in the world has spies," says Prof Anthony Glees, director of the Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies at the University of Buckingham. And because every country does it, he says there's "an unwritten understanding" that governments are prepared to "turn a blind eye" to what goes on within embassies. But that understanding only goes so far - it ends if something obviously illegal takes place. "That's why the poisoning of [former spy] Sergei Skripal and his daughter is such a problem," says Prof Glees. Of course, not all embassy staff are up to no good. Genuine diplomats gather information using entirely legal methods and stick to the code set out in the 1961 Vienna Convention. Their work centres on three main areas. They're listed by the British Government as: Political - monitoring developments in the country the embassy is based and representing Britain in government and the media. Commercial - helping British companies to trade overseas and promote British investment. Consular - helping British citizens in other countries and processing UK visa applications. "There are genuine diplomats," agrees Prof Glees. "But some people are listed as diplomats but are actually intelligence officers. Every country does it." It's these officers who are responsible for the secret gathering of intelligence. "The actual spying is done by an agent - who can be paid for, blackmailed, or who's doing it for ideological reasons," says Prof Glees. "The officers at embassies are responsible for running the agents. They won't have got their hands dirty themselves." Which brings us back to all the Russian diplomats kicked out by Britain and by over 25 other countries around the world. Theresa May made clear she believed they were spies. And that's why the action could damage Russia. "I keep being asked if we're safer in the UK because of these expulsions," explains Prof Glees. "Undoubtedly yes. This is a big, bit hit on Russia's intelligence operation. "But there will still be agents, waiting for someone else to come and run them because we won't have got hold of them." Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook and Twitter. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 every weekday on BBC Radio 1 and 1Xtra - if you miss us you can listen back here.

ব্রিটেনের প্রধানমন্ত্রী টেরিজা মে ২৩ জন রুশ কূটনীতিকে ব্রিটেন থেকে বহিষ্কারের কথা ঘোষণা করেছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Karishma VaswaniAsia business correspondent The world is headed for a period of "massive disruption without any leadership" in the aftermath of the pandemic, he told the BBC. The divide between the two superpowers will exacerbate this, he warned. The Columbia University professor blamed the US administration for the hostilities between the two countries. "The US is a force for division, not for cooperation," he told me in an interview with BBC's Asia Business Report. "It's a force for trying to create a new cold war with China. If this takes hold - if that kind of approach is used, then we won't go back to normal, indeed we will spiral into greater controversy and greater danger in fact." Tensions grow Mr Sachs's comments come as tensions between the US and China are continuing to grow on several fronts - not just trade. This week President Trump signed legislation authorising US sanctions against Chinese officials responsible for the repression of Muslims in Xinjiang province. And in an interview with the Wall Street Journal President Trump said he believed China might have encouraged the international spread of the virus as a way to destabilise competing economies. The Trump administration has also targeted Chinese companies, in particular Chinese telecoms giant Huawei, which Washington says is being used to help Beijing spy on its customers. China denies this, as does Huawei. But President Trump's tough stance on China and Huawei may have all been part of a political ploy to get himself re-elected - at least according to a new book by former National Security Advisor John Bolton. Professor Sachs agrees that targeting Huawei was never simply a security concern. "The US lost its step on 5G, which is a critical part of the new digital economy. And Huawei was taking a greater and greater share of global markets. "The US concocted in my opinion, the view that Huawei is a global threat. And has leaned very hard on US allies... to try to break the relations with Huawei," he said. Tensions flare The US is not the only country that China has been locked in conflict with. This week tensions have flared at the India-China border, with at least 20 Indian soldiers killed in some of the worst violence the two sides have seen in almost fifty years. Meanwhile, China has been actively funding economic projects in Pakistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Nepal - India's closest neighbours - which have rankled fears in Delhi that Beijing is trying to cut off its influence in the region. Mr Sachs admitted that China's rise is of concern to its neighbours in Asia - especially if it doesn't do more to assuage fears that it is trying to grow in a peaceful and cooperative way. "Do I believe that China could do more to ease fears which are very real? I do," he told me. "The big choice frankly is in China's hands. If China is cooperative, if it engages in diplomacy, regional cooperation and multilateralism, in other words - soft power - because it is a very powerful country…. then I think that Asia has an incredibly bright future."

বিশিষ্ট অর্থনীতিবিদ জেফ্রি স্যাক্স বলেছেন আমেরিকা ও চীনের মধ্যে একটা শীতল যুদ্ধ যেভাবে ঘনিয়ে উঠছে সেটা করোনাভাইরাসের চেয়ে বিশ্বের জন্য বড় উদ্বেগের কারণ।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Five others were injured in Monday evening's blast at the Eagle Fireworks factory in Sangli district. It was not immediately clear how the fire started. Accidental explosions are common at Indian fireworks factories, which provide fireworks for weddings, festivals and other ceremonies. In 2012, 34 people were killed and 30 others injured in a massive blaze at a fireworks factory in the southern Tamil Nadu state. The BBC Hindi's Devidas Deshpande in Pune says that the latest explosion in Kavathe Ekand village was so powerful that it was heard at least five kilometres away, and the debris of the factory was scattered far and wide. The mother and the son of the factory owner were among the dead, while his brother and three workers were seriously injured. The village has many households making firecrackers for local religious festivals and such incidents have been reported before. Some 25 people have been killed in at least six such incidents in the village in the past few years, our correspondent says.

ভারতের পশ্চিমাঞ্চলীয় রাজ্য মহারাষ্ট্রের ঔরঙ্গাবাদে একটি মালগাড়ির ধাক্কায় অন্তত ১৬ জন মারা গেছেন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Mr Trump is accused of inciting a mob that stormed Congress last week after he repeated false claims of election fraud. Five people died. The trial will be held after the president leaves office next Wednesday. If Mr Trump is convicted, senators could also vote to bar him from ever holding public office again. The trial follows Wednesday's vote in the House of Representatives that formally charged - or impeached - the president with "incitement of insurrection" for his role in the riot. The Republican president has rejected responsibility for the violence. In a video released by the White House after the vote, he called on his supporters to remain peaceful, without mentioning his impeachment. The FBI has warned of possible armed protests planned for Washington DC and all 50 US state capitals in the days before Joe Biden, a Democrat, is inaugurated as the new US president. What happens next? The Senate - the upper house of the US Congress - will hold a trial to determine the president's guilt but this will not happen during Mr Trump's remaining week in office. Republican Senate leader Mitch McConnell said there was "simply no chance that a fair or serious trial" could conclude given "the rules, procedures, and Senate precedents" that govern trials involving presidents. A two-thirds majority will be needed to convict Mr Trump, meaning at least 17 Republicans would have to vote with Democrats in the evenly split, 100-seat chamber. As many as 20 Republicans are open to convicting the president, the New York Times reported on Tuesday. In a note to colleagues, Mr McConnell said he had not made a final decision on how he would vote. If Mr Trump is convicted, senators could then hold another vote to block him from running for elected office again, which he has indicated he planned to do in 2024. Mr Trump was impeached by the House in 2019 over his dealings with Ukraine, but acquitted by the Senate. Impeachment: The basics What was Trump charged with? Impeachment charges are political, not criminal. The president was accused by the House of inciting the storming of the Capitol - the seat of the US Congress - with a speech on 6 January to supporters outside the White House. He urged them to "peacefully and patriotically" make their voices heard, but also to "fight like hell" against an election that he falsely told them had been stolen. Following Mr Trump's remarks, his supporters broke into the Capitol, forcing lawmakers to suspend certification of election results and take shelter while the building was placed on lockdown. The article of impeachment stated that Mr Trump "repeatedly issued false statements asserting that the presidential election results were fraudulent and should not be accepted". It says he then repeated these claims and "wilfully made statements to the crowd that encouraged and foreseeably resulted in lawless action at the Capitol", leading to violence and loss of life. "President Trump gravely endangered the security of the United States and its institutions of government, threatened the integrity of the democratic system, interfered with the peaceful transition of power, and imperilled a coequal branch of government." Trump makes history once again Donald Trump has made history once again, this time as the first president to be impeached twice. A year ago, the move was opposed in lockstep by the Republican Party. This time, a handful of conservatives backed the move. It is a reflection not only of the gravity of the moment, but also the president's declining influence in the final days of his administration. Impeachment sets up a Senate trial for Mr Trump that now appears destined to stretch into the early days of Joe Biden's presidency, creating yet another challenge for the incoming president. It also will stoke an ongoing debate among Republicans over the direction their party takes in the days ahead. The party is on a path that splits in two very different directions. On one side is continued allegiance to the president's brand of politics - one that created a new coalition of voters that delivered the White House and Congress in 2016, but lost both in 2020. On the other is an uncertain future - but one free from the president's unique style of heat and rhetoric - unfiltered invective that even many Republicans now believe contributed to last week's Capitol riot Read more from Anthony What happened at the House vote? For two hours, members of the Democratic-controlled House made statements for and against the vote on impeachment while National Guard troops kept watch inside and outside the Capitol. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a Democrat, said: "The president of the United States incited this insurrection, this armed rebellion against our common country. He must go. He is a clear and present danger to the nation that we all love." Most Republicans did not seek to defend Mr Trump's rhetoric, instead arguing that the impeachment had bypassed the customary hearings and calling on Democrats to drop it for the sake of national unity. "Impeaching the president in such a short time frame would be a mistake," said Kevin McCarthy, the House's top Republican. "That doesn't mean the president's free from fault. The president bears responsibility for Wednesday's attack on Congress by mob rioters." Mr Trump was impeached by 232-197, with ten Republicans siding with Democrats. Among them was the third-ranking House Republican, Liz Cheney, the daughter of former Vice-President Dick Cheney. With a sombre and conciliatory tone, Mr Trump said in his video after the vote: "Violence and vandalism have no place in our country... No true supporter of mine would ever endorse political violence." Mr Biden said he hoped senators would not neglect the "other urgent business of this nation", such as approving his cabinet nominees, coronavirus relief and the nationwide vaccination programme.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের সেনেটে ফেব্রুয়ারি মাস থেকে দ্বিতীয়বারের মতো অভিশংসন বিচার শুরু হবে সাবেক প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The choices made by the young can be "the difference between life and death for someone else", WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said. Over 11,000 patients have died from the Covid-19 respiratory illness worldwide. Nearly 250,000 patients have tested positive overall. The WHO chief's remarks follow reports that young people in many countries are being complacent about health warnings, because of the greater susceptibility to the virus among older patients. The coronavirus outbreak was first recorded in China in December. But now the centre of the pandemic is Europe. In Italy - where the virus has killed more people than in any other country - the death toll rose by 627 on Friday, reaching a total of 4,032, making it the deadliest day for one country since the outbreak began. Many countries and regions took new measures on Friday, including: What did the WHO say? Speaking at an online news conference from WHO headquarters in Geneva, Mr Tedros said: "Although older people are hardest hit, younger people are not spared." He added: "I have a message for young people: You are not invincible, this virus could put you in hospital for weeks or even kill you. Even if you don't get sick the choices you make about where you go could be the difference between life and death for someone else." Mr Tedros welcomed developments from the central Chinese city of Wuhan, where the outbreak originated, which reported no new cases on Thursday. He said this provided "hope for the rest of the world that even the most severe situation can be turned around". Studies have show that people of all ages can be infected by the virus - but it is especially dangerous for older people and those with underlying illnesses. The average age of those who died from Covid-19 in Italy was 78.5 years. Fewer than 1% of patients under the age of 50 died in China, according to the New York Times. But it was fatal for nearly 15% of those who were over the age of 80. The WHO is now recommending "physical distance" instead of "social distancing" to help prevent transmission of the virus, Reuters reports. "We want people to remain connected," said Dr Maria Kerkhove, a WHO epidemiologist, told the news agency. "So find ways to do that, find ways through the internet and through different social media to remain connected because your mental health going through this (pandemic) is just as important as your physical health," she said.

বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা সতর্ক করেছে যে তরুণরা করোনাভাইরাসের ঝুঁকির বাইরে নয় এবং সামাজিক মেলামেশা বা যোগাযোগের মাধ্যমে এই ভাইরাস বয়স্কদের মধ্যে ছড়ানোর বিষয়ে সতর্ক থাকা উচিত তাদের।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent, BBC News Patients can now feed themselves, put on make-up, turn a key, handle money and type at a computer. Paul Robinson, 36 from Brisbane, said the innovative surgery had given him independence he had never imagined. Completely normal function has not been restored, but doctors say the improvement is life-changing. How does the procedure work? Injuries to the spinal cord stop messages getting from the brain to control the rest of the body. The impact is paralysis. Patients in the trial had quadriplegia affecting movement in all their limbs. But crucially they were still able to move some muscles in their upper arms. The functioning nerves leading from the spinal cord to these muscles were then rewired. The nerves were cut and then attached to nerves that control other muscles - such as for extending the arm or opening or closing the hand. For example, nerves that once turned the palm up to face the ceiling could be used to extend all the fingers in the hand. So now when a patient thinks of rotating their hand, their fingers extend. "We believe that nerve transfer surgery offers an exciting new option, offering individuals with paralysis the possibility of regaining arm and hand functions to perform everyday tasks, and giving them greater independence and the ability to participate more easily in family and work life," said Dr Natasha van Zyl from Austin Health in Melbourne. Who is benefiting? Paul Robinson was one of the patients on the trial. In February 2015 he came off his dirt bike and the crash damaged the spinal cord in his neck. "I had no movement in my hands or fingers, no movement from the arm down and weakness in my shoulders," he said. He had to move back in with his parents and needed help with tasks like cutting up his food. Two days before Christmas Day 2015 he had his nerves rewired, which he called one of the most painful experiences of his life. He then began the process of recovery and the physiotherapy to relearn how to move his hands and arms. Paul told the BBC: "I recently moved into my own house and am living independently, I never thought it would be possible to live on my own. "I play sport (wheelchair rugby) and am studying engineering. "It's made a huge difference in my life - being able to cut up food, hold normal cutlery and use a pen to write at university." How much control do people gain? Nobody will be a concert pianist after this procedure, say doctors. "We are definitely not restoring normal hand function," Dr van Zyl told the BBC News website. The focus is on two areas - opening and closing the hand and being able to extend the elbow to reach for something. Dr van Zyl added: "So you can get your hand open, get it around something and then grasp and pinch. "We are not trying to restore the very fine co-ordination of the hand." However, that can still transform someone's quality of life. Will this work for all patients? It depends on the type of injury. If the injury is so far up the spinal cord that it causes complete paralysis then there will be no functional nerves to rewire. And the procedure would be unnecessary if the injury was further down the back and the arms were unaffected. However, the researchers said up to 250,000 people around the world had spinal cord injuries that resulted in quadriplegia each year. "So it's a big group of patients that can benefit from it," Dr Natasha van Zyl said. Is it always successful? No. In the study, published in the Lancet, 59 nerve transfers were performed in 16 patients. It failed on four occasions, including two patients who had a permanent reduction in sensation. The surgery is most successful when performed between six months and a year after the initial injury. What do experts say? Dr Ida Fox from Washington University, said: "Nerve transfers represent a huge advance in reconstruction to restore hand function following spinal cord injury." She said it was important for patients to have surgery soon after the injury, but hoped it could be used "throughout the world". Follow James on Twitter.

পক্ষাঘাতগ্রস্থ মানুষের দেহের অভ্যন্তরের স্নায়ুগুলোকে 'পুনর্বহাল' করে বা বলা যায় 'জোড়া লাগিয়ে' আবারো তাদের হাত ও বাহু নাড়ানোর ব্যবস্থা করা গেছে, এমনটা বলছেন একজন অস্ট্রেলিয়ান শল্য চিকিৎসক।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

He gave no further details but said he knew of the risks of such attacks because they had "happened elsewhere". The French media and public have been warned that spreading details of the attack would breach strict election rules and could bring criminal charges. The centrist Mr Macron faces far-right candidate Marine Le Pen on Sunday. A trove of documents - said to mix genuine files with fake ones - was released online shortly before campaigning ended on Friday. Mr Hollande told Agence France-Presse on a visit to a cultural centre in Paris: "We knew that there were these risks during the presidential campaign because it happened elsewhere. Nothing will go without a response." He did not elaborate, but Mr Macron's team has already been the victim of attacks which it blames on groups based in Russia and Ukraine, and last year's US election campaign was also the subject of hacking attacks targeting the Democratic Party. Mr Hollande added that he could not say whether the attack was an attempt to destabilise the election. The BBC's Hugh Schofield in Paris says the impact of the hacking attack on the vote is unlikely to be significant, as Mr Macron enjoyed a wide lead in opinion polls that were taken before campaigning ended. Why is there a ban on spreading the data? It is part of the restrictions that came into force at midnight local time on Friday. No campaigning or media coverage of it that could sway the election is allowed until polls close at 20:00 local time (18:00 GMT) on Sunday. Some overseas French territories have already begun voting. The election commission warned it could be a criminal offence to republish the leaked data. Politicians and media are forbidden from giving details of, or commenting on, the leak. The election commission said in a statement on Saturday: "On the eve of the most important election for our institutions, the commission calls on everyone present on internet sites and social networks, primarily the media, but also all citizens, to show responsibility and not to pass on this content, so as not to distort the sincerity of the ballot." Can a ban work? Analysts say that, given the open flow of social media content, policing this could be impossible. The French daily Liberation covered the leak by publishing a general Q&A with a journalist. Le Monde said it would "not publish the contents before the second round". It said it would vet and publish relevant material but "respecting our journalistic and ethical rules". It also carried a general Q&A of the leaks. Florian Philippot, deputy leader of Ms Le Pen's National Front party, got a tweet in before the rules came in, saying: "Will Macronleaks teach us something that investigative journalism has deliberately kept silent?" What data was released? The documents were leaked on a file sharing website late on Friday. About nine gigabytes of data were posted by an anonymous user. Mr Macron's En Marche movement said internal campaign documents, including emails and financial data, had been taken in an "act of massive, co-ordinated hacking". "The leaked files were obtained several weeks ago by hacking personal and professional email accounts of several officials of the movement," it said in a statement. How did the leaks spread? The hashtag #MacronLeaks appeared on Twitter on an account used by a US alt-right figure on Friday afternoon - and was reportedly retweeted 87 times in the first five minutes, suggesting the use of automated bots to spread the information faster. Within 90 minutes, the information had caught the attention of prominent supporters of Marine Le Pen and was further spread by bots. Some three-and-a-half hours after the initial tweet, #MacronLeaks had been used some 47,000 times and the prominent Wikileaks account played a key role in publicising the hashtag. Who might be responsible? Unclear. The Macron camp has not blamed any specific party but said the hack clearly aimed to damage it and undermine French democracy, It compared it to the leak of Democratic Party emails in last year's US presidential election that was blamed on Russian hackers. Wikileaks, which published those emails, posted a link to the Macron documents on Twitter but implied it was not responsible. Please enable Javascript to view our poll of polls chart. The polling average line looks at the five most recent national polls and takes the median value, ie, the value between the two figures that are higher and two figures that are lower. Is this unprecedented? Macron campaign servers went down for several minutes in February after attacks apparently originating in Ukraine. And last month, security experts from the company Trend Micro said that Russian hackers were targeting Mr Macron's campaign, using phishing emails, malware and fake net domains in an attempt to grab login names, passwords and other credentials of campaign staff Mr Macron's team said it suspected the Kremlin of wanting to help Ms Le Pen, who supports a pro-Moscow foreign policy. Russia has denied that it is behind attacks aimed at Mr Macron. What is at stake on Sunday? France's voters have rejected the two big political parties - the Socialists and the Republicans - that have governed for decades. Voters will be making a decision on France's future direction and on its place at the heart of the European Union. If they opt for liberal Emmanuel Macron, they will be backing a candidate who seeks EU reform as well as deeper European integration, in the form of a eurozone budget and eurozone finance ministers. If instead they choose far-right Marine Le Pen she promises quite the opposite. She wants a Europe of nations to replace the EU. What are the battleground issues? One of the overriding issues is unemployment, which stands at almost 10% and is the eighth highest among the 28 EU member states. One in four under-25s is unemployed. The French economy has made a slow recovery from the 2008 financial crisis and all the leading candidates say deep changes are needed. Economic challenges facing next president Marine Le Pen wants the pension age cut to 60 and to "renationalise French debt", which she argues is largely held by foreigners. Emmanuel Macron wants to cut 120,000 public-sector jobs, reduce public spending by €60bn (£50bn; $65bn), plough billions into investment and reduce unemployment to below 7%. What the two candidates want BBC coverage You can follow the French election on the BBC News website. Click here for all our latest stories. On the day of the election, we will be running a live page bringing together the latest news, video and analysis. On TV, you can watch a BBC World News Election Special, from 18:30 BST (17:30 GMT / 19:30 local time in France) on Sunday, which will be broadcast on BBC News in the UK and on BBC World News internationally, with Christian Fraser presenting from Paris. For radio, BBC World Service will broadcast a special extended edition of Newshour from Paris at 18:00 GMT on Sunday.

হ্যাকিং নিয়ে বিদায়ী প্রেসিডেন্ট ফ্রাসোয়া ওলান্দ বলেছেন সম্ভাব্য বিজয়ী ইমানুয়েল ম্যাক্রন যে বড় ধরণের হ্যাকিং এর শিকার হয়েছে সেটার জবাব দেয়া হবে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Preet Bharara told ABC News' This Week he felt the calls from Mr Trump had crossed the usual boundary separating the executive branch and independent criminal investigators. Mr Bharara said he had been fired after refusing to take a third call. The White House did not immediately respond to Mr Bharara's comments. Obama appointee Mr Bharara, who served as the top federal prosecutor in Manhattan, said it appeared Mr Trump had been trying to "cultivate some kind of relationship" after they met in late 2016. But he said he felt this was "inappropriate" after Mr Trump took office. Monday's other Trump news Trump travel ban in fresh court defeat Ivanka Trump condemns 'vicious' critics Trump sued over business foreign payments Sessions to testify publicly on Russia Trump-like Julius Caesar loses backing Trump targeted at Spacey-hosted Tonys "The number of times that President Obama called me in seven and a half years was zero," he said. "The number of times I would have been expected to be called by the president of the United States would be zero because there has to be some kind of arm's-length relationship given the jurisdiction that various people had." The interview came days after testimony before the US Senate from James Comey, the former head of the FBI fired by Mr Trump in May, who said Mr Trump had asked for assurances that he would be loyal at a dinner just after his inauguration. The president has flatly denied this and branded Mr Comey - a friend and former colleague of Mr Bhahara - as "very cowardly" for leaking private conversations. Five takeaways from Comey's testimony Get news from the BBC in your inbox, each weekday morning

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের নিউ ইয়র্কের সাবেক একজন রাষ্ট্রীয় আইনজীবী প্রিট ভারারা বলছেন তিনি প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের কাছ থেকে অস্বাভাবিক কয়েকটি ফোন কল পাওয়ার পর বরখাস্ত হয়েছেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

When a bottle covered in barnacles containing a note inside washed up on Airlie Beach, in Queensland Australia, a local tour operator took to social media to find out more. In a Facebook post showing employee Daniel McNally holding up the bottle, Whitehaven Beach Tours asked its social media followers to "stay tuned for the grand opening". Once opened, the company discovered the note was written in Mandarin Chinese, and appealed for help in translating it. Soon, help flooded in. Co-worker Rach Elle had a look and when she discovered it was a love letter written by a sailor to his fiancée, she shared his words in the hope that the woman may be tracked down. The sailor, who was newly-engaged and crossing the Indian Ocean, was not expecting anyone to pick it up but just wished he could be with his love for ever. Another former employee, Judy Hu, helped with translation, calling it a "lovely story discovered from the ocean". And so, the sailor's words were shared: "Deep in my heart, I miss my fiancée so bad. I went to sea straight after I got engaged. "I feel really sorry for her. This bottle is a way to express my affection from my heart. "I hope that once I go back home, I will be with Jing for ever. "This bottle will stay deep in the ocean, I don't expect anyone would get this or even open this. "I'm just looking for a comfort for my heart." An Australia-based blogger wrote about the note and appealed for help to search for the fiancée on China's social media site Weibo on 24 September. "There are 1.4 billion people in China. I don't know many Chinese people. Can you help me in your social media?" As photos of the bottle were shared, some users described the note as so romantic, they could cry. You may also be interested in: News of the note spread across several Chinese websites, including the Guangzhou Daily. One woman from Tianjin wrote: "It's amazing to have such a husband. If my ex-boyfriend was like him, we would not have broken up. He left me because of my bad skin which is gone now. Regret being with him. Hope I can find a good boyfriend for myself." In Shanxi, all hope was restored for one Weibo user who wrote: "There is something called true love." As yet, neither the sailor nor the fiancée have been tracked down. Let's see if the message finally gets across. If you can help in the search, you can contact us via [email protected]. Produced by Sherie Ryder, BBC Social News & BBC Monitoring's Samiha Nettikkara & Tilak Jha.

আপনি কি কখনো বোতলে ভরে কোন বার্তা পাঠিয়েছেন? বোতলে ভরে সেটি সমুদ্রে ফেলে দিয়েছেন আর ভেবেছেন, সেটা কোথায় গিয়ে পৌঁছল?

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By Jo GriffinItaúna, Brazil "It was weird to see myself in a mirror again," says the 26-year-old mother-of-two who is serving a 12-year sentence in Brazil. "At first I didn't know who I was." The South American country has the world's fourth largest prison population and its jails regularly come under the spotlight for their poor conditions, with chronic overcrowding and gang violence provoking deadly riots. Lima had just been moved from a prison in the mainstream penitential system to a facility run by the Association for the Protection and Assistance to Convicts (Apac) in the town of Itaúna, in Minas Gerais state. Unlike in the mainstream system, "which steals your femininity" as Lima puts it, at the Apac jail she is allowed to wear her own clothes and have a mirror, make-up and hair dye. But the difference between the regimes is far more than skin-deep. No guards The Apac system has been gaining growing recognition as a safer, cheaper and more humane answer to the country's prison crisis. On 20 March a new Apac jail opened in Rondônia, the first in the country's north, taking the number facilities run by the association countrywide to 49. All Apac prisoners must have passed through the mainstream system and must show remorse and be willing to follow the strict regime of work and study which is part of the system's philosophy. There are no guards or weapons and visitors are greeted by an inmate who unlocks the main door to the small women's jail. The inmate leads the way to the "conjugal suite", a brightly decorated room with a double bed where women are allowed to spend private time with partners visiting from outside the jail. She then shows visitors to a room where women are labelling bottles of soap that will be sold outside. Read more Apac prisons were set up by a group of Catholics in 1972 and are now co-ordinated and supported by the Italian non-governmental organisation AVSI Foundation and the Brazilian Fraternity of Assistance to Convicts. AVSI Brazil's vice-president, Jacopo Sabatiello, says love and work are the priorities in these penitentiaries. "Here, we call everyone by their name, not by a number and not by nicknames, which they might have acquired during a life of crime," he says. Recovery Inmates are known as recuperandos (recovering people), reflecting the Apac focus on restorative justice and rehabilitation. They must study and work, sometimes in collaboration with the local community. If they do not - or if they try to abscond - they risk being returned to the mainstream system. There have been physical fights but never a murder at an Apac jail, says Mr Sabatiello. He says the absence of guards reduces the tension. Some of the women here are serving life sentences and have committed heinous crimes but the atmosphere is calm. "I am still trying to forget my old prison number," says Aguimara Patricia Silvia Campos, who now heads a prison council that liaises with the administration. Campos spent four months in a mainstream jail following a conviction for drug trafficking and association after 26g of crack cocaine were found in the home she shared with her ex-husband. "We were all thrown in together, 20 inmates sleeping on the floor on filthy mattresses, and the food was inedible," she says. She says that her relatives were strip-searched on each visit, a practice which many female inmates complain about. Hardened criminals But the situation of Campos also reflects wider problems in Brazil's prison system. Experts say women are often caught up in crime through a male partner and then thrown into a cell with hardened criminals. It is one reason why Brazil's female prison population has seen a steep rise in recent years. "I knew nothing about crime when I went into that prison," says Campos. "The woman next to me had decapitated her neighbour and carried her head in a suitcase." The mother of two is now shaving days off her eight-year sentence through work and has progressed to the semi-open regime at the jail. Reducing a sentence through work and study is also permitted in the mainstream system but it is rarely applied, says Judge Antonio de Carvalho, who supports the Apac system in Itaúna. "It's a sad reflection on the mainstream system that Apacs are praised for upholding the law," he says. "I'm in no doubt that Apacs are an effective way to guarantee prisoners' human rights within the Brazilian penitential system." Love behind bars For now, Lima remains in the closed regime of the prison, with fewer privileges, and has to earn her progression to the semi-open area. All new inmates enter the closed regime and must earn their transfer into the semi-open regime. Prisoners may then progress to the open regime, where they are allowed to leave the jail once a week. However, even within the prison walls Lima has found a boyfriend. Sitting in her cell she relates how she and her cellmate Viviane Campos, 38, began to date a pair of friends at the men's Apac prison across town after sending letters via the prison administration. "Yes, we like to get people together," says Eduardo Henrique Alves de Oliveira of the Brazilian Fraternity of Assistance to Convicts. "We want all the recuperandos to feel well here." In the yard outside, beneath the grid that partly covers the sky, is the Apac message: "Nobody flees from love."

প্রথম যেদিন কারাগারে নিজের সেলে ঢুকলেন, সেদিন আয়নায় নিজেকে দেখে চিনতে পারেন নি তাতিয়ানা কোরেইয়া দ্যা লিমা।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The move came a day after the firm said interim data showed its leading vaccine had a 79% efficacy rate in phase three trials, without providing more details. Several Chinese-made vaccines at a late trial stage are already in use in China after being granted emergency licences. The pandemic emerged in the central Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. It has since spread around the world, but China has managed to bring infection rates down to very low levels through strict anti-virus measures. The search for the source of the coronavirus has led to tensions with the West. The US - among a number of other countries - raised questions about whether China was fully transparent when the virus first emerged there. What has China said about the vaccine? Thursday's announcement concerning the vaccine made by the China National Pharmaceutical Group, or Sinopharm, is China's first general approval of a homemade jab - and it is being seen as potentially a major step towards inoculating the world's largest population. The deputy commissioner of China's National Medical Products Administration, Chen Shifei, announced the decision at a news conference in Beijing. "After a series of strict reviews, verification, test and data analysis in accordance with the law and procedures, it is concluded that the known and potential benefits of Sinopharm's new inactivated coronavirus vaccine are bigger than the known and potential risks, and it fully meets the pre-set requirements of conditional marketing standards," he said. Vice Minister of the National Health Commission Zeng Yixin said approval would allow the government to "extend vaccination to high-risk groups, those susceptible to a severe viral infection... and the elderly". In July, China approved three different jabs for emergency use in key workers and other people at high risk. More than 4.5 million doses have so far been administered. Beijing hopes to inoculate tens of millions more people by mid-February, the start of the Chinese New Year. Sinopharm is also working on a second vaccine, and a number of other Chinese vaccines are in production. These include CoronaVac, made by the Beijing-based biopharmaceutical company Sinovac. What do experts say? Some experts have given a cautious welcome to the approval of the Sinopharm vaccine in China, but they also point out that no detailed data from trials have been publicly released. "The lack of fully reviewed papers or data published by official institutions makes it difficult to comment on the efficacy of the Chinese or Russian vaccines," Song Man-ki from the International Vaccine Institute in Seoul, told Reuters news agency. "We can't simply evaluate a vaccine based on a drugmaker's statement... More data will be compiled once some countries begin vaccinations." Prof Paul Griffin, an expert in infectious diseases at the University of Queensland, said: "A conditional approval like this is obviously very much contingent on the ongoing clinical trial results as well as the close-up observation of the people who were receiving the vaccine. "I think it's acceptable, but it's really important for people to understand... there's further research currently under way." It is thought that 60-70% of the global population must be immune to stop the virus spreading easily. Rival vaccines made in the West by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna have been approved for public use after trials showed they had 95% and 94% efficacy rates respectively. A vaccine developed by Oxford University-AstraZeneca was approved in the UK on 30 December following trials showing that it stopped 70% of people developing Covid symptoms. Who will use China's vaccines? China has vowed to share its vaccines with other, less-developed countries at a "fair price" so they are likely to end up being used by huge numbers of people around the world. Earlier this month, the United Arab Emirates became the first other country to roll the Sinopharm vaccine out to the public, saying it was 86% effective in a phase-three trials. Bahrain then followed suit, allowing adults to register online to receive the jab for free. On Thursday, within hours of the Sinopharm vaccine being approved in China, Pakistan announced a 1.2 million dose purchase deal with the company. Singapore has also signed advance purchase agreements with vaccine makers including Sinovac, as well as Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech. Shipments of Sinovac have arrived in Indonesia and Sinovac is also known to have secured other deals with Turkey, Brazil and Chile. Analysts point to China's bid to win the vaccine diplomacy race, which has also reportedly seen China's President Xi Jinping pledge to set aside $2bn (£1.5bn) for the African continent, while also offering Latin American and Caribbean countries a $1bn loan to buy vaccines. It's unclear what the terms of such a deal might be. What other vaccines are being developed? Other trial results are also expected in the coming weeks.

বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা (ডাব্লিউএইচও) জরুরি ভিত্তিতে চীনের রাষ্ট্রীয় মালিকানাধীন কোম্পানি সিনোফার্মের ভ্যাক্সিন অনুমোদন করেছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Toilet rolls are currently in short supply in Hong Kong due to shortages caused by panic-buying during the coronavirus outbreak. Knife wielding men robbed a delivery man outside a supermarket in the Mong Kok district, police said. Police have arrested two men and recovered some of the stolen loo rolls, local media reports said. The armed robbery took place in Mong Kok, a district of Hong Kong with a history of "triad" crime gangs, early on Monday. According to local reports, the robbers had threatened a delivery worker who had unloaded rolls of toilet paper outside Wellcome Supermarket. An Apple Daily report said that 600 toilet paper rolls, valued at around HKD1,695 ($218; £167), had been stolen. Stores across the city have seen supplies massively depleted with long queues when new stock arrives. Despite government assurances that supplies remain unaffected by the virus outbreak, residents have been stocking up on toilet paper. Other household products have also seen panic-buying including rice, pasta and cleaning items. Face masks and hand sanitisers are almost impossible to get as people try to protect themselves from the coronavirus, which has already claimed more than 1,700 lives. "A delivery man was threatened by three knife-wielding men who took toilet paper worth more than HK$1,000 ($130)," a police spokesman said. Authorities blame false online rumours for the panic buying and say supplies of food and household goods remain stable. There has also been some panic-buying of toilet rolls, hand sanitisers and face masks in Singapore, which has 75 confirmed coronavirus cases.

হংকংয়ে অস্ত্র-শস্ত্র নিয়ে শত শত টয়লেট টিস্যু রোল চুরি করেছে ডাকাতরা যার বাজারমূল্য মাত্র ১৩০ ডলার।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The US would miss a May deadline for a pull-out agreed with the Taliban by the Trump administration last year. The new deadline would coincide with the 20th anniversary of the terror attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in the US in 2001. Mr Biden had previously said the 1 May deadline would be tough to meet. US and Nato officials have said the Taliban, a hardline Islamist movement, have so far failed to live up to commitments to reduce violence. The president is due to make the announcement himself on Wednesday. The UK is now expected to withdraw 750 British soldiers stationed in Afghanistan by September, with Nato likely to pull its forces out collectively. German Defence Minister Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer told ARD public television early on Wednesday: "We always said: we'll go in together, we'll leave together. I am for an orderly withdrawal, and that is why I assume that we (Nato) will agree to that today." The Taliban have been warned that if they attack US troops during the pull-out phase, they "will be met with a forceful response", a senior US official told reporters. Mr Biden had decided a hasty withdrawal that would put US forces at risk was not a viable option, the official added. At the same time, a review of US choices determined that now was the time to close the book on the 20-year conflict in Afghanistan to focus on more acute threats. The Afghan government has not yet responded officially, but the speaker of the Afghan parliament, Mir Rahman Rahmani, warned that the withdrawal of foreign forces in the current circumstances would lead to civil war. Boost for the Taliban? By Secunder Kermani, Afghanistan correspondent Many here will see this decision as a boost to the Taliban, despite it being a breach of the 1 May deadline the insurgents have insisted is adhered to. It seems unlikely they would now resume attacks on American forces given the short extension period; nevertheless, the Taliban reaction so far has been hostile. Some in the Afghan government had hoped the new Biden administration would adopt a more "conditions-based" approach to the peace process. Instead, that has been explicitly ruled out. The slow pace of talks between Afghan and Taliban negotiators so far suggests it will be difficult to reach a power-sharing arrangement before US troops are withdrawn. Perhaps the Taliban's desire for international legitimacy will lead them to compromise. But many fear the Taliban will be tempted to wait out the withdrawal, and then push for outright victory or at least dominance. The Afghan government has until now remained reliant on US air strikes to help hold the insurgents back. The Taliban said on Tuesday that it will now not attend a summit on Afghanistan's future, due to be held in Turkey later this month, until all foreign forces leave the country. "Until all foreign forces completely withdraw from our homeland, [we] will not participate in any conference that shall make decisions about Afghanistan," Mohammad Naeem, spokesman for the Taliban office in Qatar, tweeted. US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken and US Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin are expected to brief Nato allies on the decision in the Belgian capital, Brussels, on Wednesday. The United States has spent trillions of dollars and lost more than 2,000 service members since 2001 in what has been its longest war. The deal signed in February last year said the US and its Nato allies would withdraw all troops in 14 months if the Taliban upheld its promises, including not allowing al-Qaeda or other militants to operate in areas it controlled and proceeding with national peace talks. As a condition of starting negotiations with the Afghan government, the Taliban also demanded the release of thousands of their men in a prisoner swap. Direct talks then began in Doha in September 2020, but a breakthrough has still not been reached. Although the group stopped attacks on international forces as part of the historic agreement, it has continued to fight the Afghan government. Last month, the Taliban threatened to resume hostilities against foreign troops still in the country on 1 May. There are fears that if foreign military forces withdraw before a lasting agreement is reached, the Taliban might seize power. The US has some 2,500 troops in the country as part of a 9,600-strong Nato mission. US military involvement in Afghanistan October 2001: US-led bombing of Afghanistan begins following the 11 September attacks on the United States February 2009: Nato countries pledge to increase military and other commitments in Afghanistan after US announces dispatch of 17,000 extra troops December 2009: US President Barack Obama decides to boost US troop numbers in Afghanistan by 30,000, bringing total to 100,000. He says US will begin withdrawing its forces by 2011 October 2014: The US and UK end their combat operations in Afghanistan March 2015: President Obama announces his country will delay its troop withdrawal from Afghanistan, following a request from President Ashraf Ghani October 2015: President Obama announces that 9,800 US troops will remain in Afghanistan until the end of 2016, backtracking on an earlier pledge to pull all but 1,000 troops from the country July 2016: President Obama says 8,400 US troops will remain in Afghanistan into 2017 in light of the "precarious security situation". Nato also agrees to maintain troop numbers and reiterates a funding pledge for local security forces until 2020 August 2017: US President Donald Trump says he's sending more troops to fight a resurgent Taliban September 2019: Protracted peace talks between the Taliban and the US break down February 2020: After months of on-off talks, the US signs a troop withdrawal agreement in Doha with the Taliban

আমেরিকার প্রেসিডেন্ট জো বাইডেন ১১ই সেপ্টেম্বরের মধ্যে আফগানিস্তান থেকে তার দেশের সৈন্যদের ফিরিয়ে নেওয়ার কথা ঘোষণা করবেন বলে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের কর্মকর্তারা মার্কিন সংবাদ মাধ্যমকে জানিয়েছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

He said the North must meet conditions for the summit to go ahead though if it did not, it might happen "later". Mr Trump was speaking as he received South Korea's President Moon Jae-in at the White House. The North has said it may cancel the summit if the US insists on it giving up nuclear weapons unilaterally. Mr Trump did not say what conditions the US had set for the summit but, asked by a reporter about the North's arsenal, he said "denuclearisation must take place". The 12 June summit is due to take place in Singapore. It follows a historic meeting between the two Korean leaders in April. Meanwhile, North Korea has agreed to let in journalists from the South to watch the dismantling of its nuclear test site. The group, who had earlier been denied visas, will join a team of international media who are in the country to visit Punggye-ri over the next few days. The demolition of the site has been billed as a goodwill gesture but may be delayed by bad weather. What did Trump say about the summit? Mr Trump told reporters: "We'll see what happens. "There are certain conditions that we want and I think we'll get those conditions and if we don't we don't have the meeting. "You go into deals that are 100% certain - it doesn't happen. You go into deals that have no chance and it happens and, sometimes, happens easily." He also said Kim Jong-un's attitude had changed after his second visit to China, earlier this month. Later in the day, during a news conference, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo adopted a more positive position, saying the US was still working towards the 12 June date. He commended China for offering "historic assistance" in putting pressure on North Korea. Brakes tapped Analysis by the BBC's Barbara Plett Usher in Washington The optimistic build-up to the summit gave way to a reality check that was bound to happen sooner or later. With Kim Jong-un tapping the brakes and refusing to accept "unilateral demands" to disarm, President Trump also took a step back. He set his own conditions, although he didn't say what they were. He did stress that it would be worth it for the North Korean leader to risk denuclearisation, throwing the ball back into Mr Kim's court. The build-up to the summit has been shaped by an unusual degree of public showmanship by both leaders, a diplomatic version of their hostile exchanges last year. But while the threats and insults worked at the rhetorical level, this is about substantive issues where the detail matters. President Moon Jae-in also has his spin. He really wants to seize this opportunity for South Korea's sake and continues to be determined in his optimism, leaving some here wondering whether he's been overstating Kim Jong-un's willingness to deal. How did the mood sour last week? North Korea cancelled high-level talks with South Korea, saying the South's joint military exercises with the US - which it had previously said it would tolerate - were a "provocation". Pyongyang then accused US national security adviser John Bolton of making "reckless statements" for his suggestion that the North could follow a "Libya model" of denuclearisation. That was a reference to Libya's former leader, Muammar Gaddafi, who agreed to give up nuclear weapons in 2003 and was later killed by Western-backed rebels. Mr Trump later denied the US would follow the "Libyan model" if an agreement was reached with North Korea. "That model would take place if we don't make a deal, most likely. But if we make a deal, I think Kim Jong-un is going to be very, very happy." Please upgrade your browser to view this content. Timeline How Trump and Kim have changed their tone Share this timeline Why does the Singapore summit matter so much? It would be historic as no sitting US president has ever met a North Korean leader. Mr Trump accepted North Korea's invitation for direct talks after more than a year of heated rhetoric and with global concern that hostilities might escalate into military confrontation. The New York Times reported on Sunday that Mr Trump was asking aides and advisers whether the meeting should go ahead. North Korea conducted several nuclear tests over the past few years and developed long-distance missiles which, it says, can carry nuclear bombs as far as the US mainland. Even then, is a deal likely? Many observers had argued before Mr Trump met Mr Moon that there was too much at stake for Washington and Pyongyang not to proceed with the Singapore summit. However, Pyongyang's professed commitment to "denuclearisation" is likely to differ from Washington's demand for "comprehensive, verifiable and irreversible" nuclear disarmament. Journey to North Korea's nuclear heart A group of Western, Russian and Chinese journalists have been invited by the North to its remote Punggye-ri nuclear test site ahead of its demolition. They were flown into the North Korean port city of Wonsan but their onward journey was postponed by bad weather, Tom Cheshire from the UK's Sky News tweets. The site, in the mountainous north-east, is thought to be the North's main nuclear facility and the only active nuclear testing site in the world. Testing has taken place in a system of tunnels dug below nearby Mount Mantap.

উত্তর কোরিয়ার নেতা কিম জং-উনের সাথে বৈঠকের সম্ভাবনার ব্যাপারে গভীর সংশয় প্রকাশ করেছেন প্রেসিডেন্ট ট্রাম্প। যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট বলেছেন, "এই বৈঠক না হওয়ার যথেষ্ট কারণ রয়েছে।"

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Katherine SellgrenBBC News family and education reporter Should I shield them from the news? Is it best just to turn off the television? Will the images they see traumatise them? Or should I tell my children exactly what's happened? Talk about the news The advice from professionals is that talking about these issues is better than avoiding them. The attack on worshippers near a mosque in north London comes in the wake of that in Manchester, which directly affected many children and young people, and of the attacks on London Bridge and Westminster Bridge. Consultant clinical psychologist Emma Citron, who specialises in children and trauma, says families should not shy away from talking about such events. "Give children basic facts, tell them what it is they want to know, ask them what they would like to know and then give them access to that," she says. "Support them and comfort them and be there for them, hug them, cry with them if they're crying, just respond to how they're responding emotionally. "Take the lead from them - we need to know what it is they want answers to." Should I turn off the television? While turning off the television and radio might be a natural protective instinct, Dr Bernadka Dubicka, from the Royal College of Psychiatrists, says shielding children from traumatic events in the news isn't practical in today's society. "Parents can't shield children from these events completely," she says. "The reality is that children and young people are bombarded by 24/7 news." Dr Dubicka says the most important thing is for parents to be there and to try to help their children manage their emotions. "Trying to hide the news isn't helpful because they'll hear about it elsewhere and parents won't then be there to take them through it." 'Avoid nasty details' While it's important to talk about the news, parents should avoid unnecessary detail, adds Ms Citron. "Avoid nasty details, there's no need for them, they're unnecessary. "You don't want to be describing the scene, describing the bloodshed, describing what it looked like, showing them images - I would be avoiding all of that, because that can traumatise the child." Ms Citron also advises parents to be firm with older children about how much they read on the internet. "Tell your young person not to go scouring the internet for all the inside stories, it's just not necessary - we need to protect our young people as well." Helpful phrases Ms Citron says parents should take the lead from their children in how the conversation develops, but should try to include as many calm and reassuring phrases as possible. "General comments like, 'This is a very rare occurrence', 'It's absolutely awful, but thank goodness it's extremely rare', and 'Security is going to be tightened even more', are really reassuring. "We don't want our children feeling afraid to go out, we don't want them not to grow up to lead normal, happy, healthy, well-adjusted lives." If faced with the question, "Could this happen again, mummy?", Ms Citron recommends telling the truth, but also giving children lots of reassurance about their normal, everyday activities. "I would be saying, 'Of course it could' - and don't lie about that - 'But it's very unlikely, these are very, very rare events and we are sure the police are going to up security even more. "'It'll be absolutely fine to still go to your football or your netball, it'll be absolutely fine to still go on your scout camp', or whatever it is they do. "'We have to to carry on living our lives in a normal way and not be cowed by these bad people.'" Will teachers talk about events? "I'd be surprised if schools weren't giving pupils a chance to talk about the attack," says Geoff Barton, general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders. "If students want to talk, teachers will let them ask questions and they will be talking to them about how they can look at appropriate, reliable sources for information." Mr Barton says schools will also be working hard to emphasise a sense of community cohesion. "Schools will be wanting to emphasise the sense of community and shared values - they'll be using every opportunity to celebrate what they have in their own community." But, in his 15-year experience as a head teacher, he says schools will be keeping a "business as usual" approach in the wake of this attack, unless they are directly affected. "Routines are important and can carry people through - they keep a sense of calm purpose." How would I know if my child was traumatised? The signs of trauma depend very much on the individual, however, symptoms to watch for include: If you are concerned about your child and think he or she is traumatised by events in the news, you can approach your GP. If the problems go on, the doctor may suggest accessing some extra help from the local child and adolescent mental health service (Camhs). But parents should try not to be overly anxious, as Dr Dubicka says: "The vast majority of young people will cope with this and will be OK."

যে কোনো সন্ত্রাসী হালার খবর সবসময়ই ভীতিকর। কিন্তু অভিভাবকদের জন্য এরকম খবর বাড়তি চিন্তার কারণ তৈরি করে। কারণ সন্তানদের কাছেও ঐ খবর সংক্রান্ত প্রশ্নের উত্তর দিতে হয় তাদের।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

The lockdown began to be eased in March, but was then re-imposed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. It has been a year of shutdowns, anger and fear. The BBC spoke to 12 different Kashmiris, to find out what their lives have been like during this year. Sanna Irshad Mattoo, 26 "In our line of work, you can't separate the personal from the professional," says Ms Mattoo, who has been a journalist for the last four years. "We have been through lockdowns in previous years. But last year there was an environment of fear psychosis. We didn't know what was happening. Our modes of communication changed. We innovated to be heard." Ms Mattoo said that security personnel attitudes towards reporters - already quite hostile - hardened further after August. "Now journalists are questioned, arrested and forced to reveal sources. If I have to put up a post on social media, I have to think twice or thrice now because I have to work too. The fear is always there." "There is a degree of concern for me at home. But I don't share my professional work with my family. I don't discuss it with them. Sometimes one has to lie as well." Altaf Hussain, 55 Altaf Hussain's son was one of the first casualties post the government order on 5 August. Usaib Altaf, 17, drowned after he jumped into a river to escape security forces who were chasing him - a charge they have denied. A year later, his death has still not been officially acknowledged - even the hospital where he died has refused to issue the family with a death certificate. "He had gone to play football but he returned in a coffin. Police insist no-one died that day. They are not acknowledging that he was killed. I have witnesses but still they are refusing to file a case. We went to the police station and courts but there's been no justice," he says. Muneefa Nazir, 6 Muneefa was caught in the crossfire after a protest broke out between protesters and security forces. She was hit in the right eye, apparently with a slingshot. "I was in hospital for many days. But I don't remember much now. I have forgotten my school lessons. I used to get 100 out of 100 marks. Once my eye is cured, I want to become a doctor. I like doctors because they helped me get well," she says. Her father, who is a cameraman for a local news agency, says her eye is completely gone and he had to take her out of school after he could no longer afford to pay the fees. "I can only see shadows. I can't read books. I don't go anywhere. Doctors said I will be able to go to school after 15 days but a year has passed," she says. Farooq Ahmad, 34 Mr Ahmed has a typical rags-to-riches story. He started working while he was still a young boy, helping drivers at a bus yard in Srinagar, the capital of Indian-administered Kashmir. In 2003, with his wife's gold ornaments and his own savings, he purchased a bus of his own. Today, along with a partner and a bank loan, he has a fleet of seven buses - but all of them are grounded. Transport has been one of the worst hit sectors in the region this year. "Recently we renewed the insurance policies of these buses for around 400,000 rupees ($5,335; £4,380) without earning a cent. Seven of my employees are on the verge of starvation. But how am I supposed to take care of their families when my own family is suffering? People like me sold our precious assets to make a respectable livelihood - when we don't earn, how will we repay our debts? Mr Ahmed now works as a manual labourer to try and pay off his back loan. Iqra Ahmad, 28 Ms Ahmad runs her own fashion designing business - a career choice she made she says, because she didn't want anyone bossing her around. She says she wants to promote Kashmiri culture through her work - which she sells online. "The internet shutdown inflicted a big blow to my business and 2G hasn't been helpful. I have customers all over the world including the US, Dubai and Australia. But most of my customers are Kashmiri and they can't see my products because pictures don't open on 2G speed. Earlier, I used to get 100-110 orders a week. Now I only get about five or six. International customers worry over delayed orders. One recently contacted her to congratulate her for delivering her order after six months. Another asked her to "get lost" because she didn't reply to her text on time due to the internet shutdown. "I don't think I can sustain my business for long like this. My monthly expenses are close to 200,000 rupees. And if I don't earn anything, how will I pay my seven workers?" Badrud Duja, 24 "As a law student, I study the constitution, spirit of democracy, fundamental rights, and due process of law. But these are merely words. The castle they build is crumbling. We are losing individual liberties. For all students and teachers, studying law has become a joke." Mr Dujia is fast becoming disillusioned with his chosen profession. "Speaking used to be a remedy but now it can land you in jail. As an intern with a human rights advocacy group in Kashmir, I saw a man bundled into a police van for speaking with media. Our spirit is being destroyed. There is complete hopelessness. We didn't study law to see it damaged by those who are paid to uphold it. I am searching for a different job." Manzoor Bhat, 29 Mr Bhatt heads the media wing of India's ruling Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) - which abrogated the erstwhile state's special status. He says he has been ostracised by his friends and family for choosing to join the party, but insists he will "not go to hell" because of it. To the contrary, he feels that he is helping the people of the region. "My aim is not power or earning money but changing the lives of others. Our youngsters pick up guns but this is not a solution. Those who die in Kashmir are my brothers too - but violence is not the answer." Javed Ahmad, 35 Mr Ahmed worked as a boat operator on the picturesque Dal Lake in Srinagar for the last 25 years, ferrying tourists up and down. It was a lucrative enough livelihood - he would earn around 500 rupees a day. "Now, I am forced to sell vegetables to survive - but where are the customers in a lockdown?" he asks. He says he struggles to pay even his children's school fees. "Our future has been ruined. Tourists won't come because of fear. This is a difficult time for everyone in Kashmir. But the tourism sector has suffered the most." Mr Ahmad says the government has promised boatmen 1,000 rupees each but says that won't even help pay his electricity bill. "I have left it to God because I have no hope." Falah Shah, 12 "In the rest of India, students have the best education opportunities. I am at a level where I am being deprived of even a basic education. If we miss out on important concepts at this point, how will we pass competitive exams in the future?" Falah asks. "I am facing problems with basic concepts in science and mathematics. But with the internet cut, I couldn't even search for solutions. Now the internet is back but speeds are terrible. Even if I try to open a book and read, there is no use because I have no concepts to begin with." She says she misses school - her teachers and friends. "I don't leave my home. For one year, I have been confined to this place. If any other state had been under lockdown for a year, students would have come out and protested. They wouldn't stay home. But we can't protest. We can be jailed." Sajid Farooq, 43 Mr Farooq is a hotelier and a third-generation businessman but says he sees no future in Kashmir. He talks about the death and violence he has seen since 1990 - the beginning of a militant uprising against Indian rule in the state. "It took three generations to build this hotel. But since 1990, we have only been surviving." Business, he says, has become unsustainable. "For electricity, I have to pay 200,000 rupees whether my hotel uses it or not. There are other service charges. I don't see things getting better. What Kashmiris mourn, the rest of the country celebrates. What the rest of country celebrates, we mourn it. So everything has become political. In everything, there is conflict. In such a situation, how can businesses run?" Bilal Ahmad, 35 Mr Ahmed is a fruit farmer in Kashmir - one of the main sources of agricultural revenue in the region. He says a combination of unseasonal weather and the lockdown has landed him in a situation where he may have to even sell his land. Unexpectedly early snowfall damaged both his apple and peach trees, and then to add to his woes, a shortage of labour meant that he could not spray his crops, which led to a poor harvest. "We have been idle for a year now. The apple produce used to fetch between 100,000 and 150,000 rupees but this year I have made only 30,000 rupees. My brother harvested 1,200 boxes of peaches but he had to throw away most of them because there were no buyers. If the situation continues like this, I may be forced to sell off the land - I can't do any other work. I have not studied much." Mohammad Sidiq, 49 Mr Sidiq works in pottery but says his work has ground to a halt because he can't get his raw material. The state government recently handed out sand and rock extraction permits to non-local contractors, putting thousands of locals like Mr Sidiq out of work. "The government has banned soil extraction. They say there are court orders. But where were the courts all these years? Did the judges not give a thought about the families of poor men like us? Do they want to starve us to death? Due to the lockdown, all of my products are unsold, I have stopped making new products and instead work as a manual labourer." Pictures by Abid Bhat. Reporting by Jehangir Ali

ভারতের সংবিধানে কাশ্মীরকে যে বিশেষ মর্যাদা দেয়াা হয়েছিল - গত ৫ই অগাস্ট তা বাতিল করে দেয় সেদেশের সরকার। পুরো অঞ্চলটিকে দুভাগে ভাগ করে তাকে দুটি কেন্দ্র-শাসিত ভূখণ্ডে পরিণত করা হয়। আরোপ করা হয় কঠোর কারফিউ, বিচ্ছিন্ন করে দেয়া হয় যোগাযোগ ব্যবস্থা, আটক করা হয় হাজার হাজার লোককে।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

In Spain, people are banned from leaving home except for buying essential supplies and medicines, or for work. With 191 deaths, Spain is Europe's worst-hit country after Italy. In France, where 91 people have died, cafes, restaurants, cinemas and most shops are now shut. Italy, which has recorded more than 1,440 deaths, began a nationwide lockdown on Monday. The World Health Organization (WHO) says Europe is now the "epicentre" of the pandemic. WHO head Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has urged countries to use aggressive measures, community mobilisation and social distancing to save lives. In other developments: What measures has Spain taken? Spain, which has a population of 46.7 million, has recorded more than 6,300 infections. Late on Saturday, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez's wife Begoña Gómez tested positive for the virus, the government confirmed. It said they both remained in the prime minister's residence at La Moncloa in Madrid and were doing fine. About 1,800 more cases have been recorded since Friday evening - many in the capital. Under a state of emergency, Mr Sánchez is banning Spanish citizens from leaving home, except for buying essential supplies and medicines, or for work. All museums, cultural centres and sports venues will be closed. Restaurants and cafes may only do home deliveries. Essential services like banks and petrol stations will remain open. Schools are already shut across the country. On Saturday, Mr Sánchez appealed for unity, calling on all regions to put ideological differences aside and put citizens first. "I want to tell the workers, the self-employed and businesses that the government of Spain is going to do everything in its power to cushion the effects of this crisis," he said. The state of emergency will last for two weeks - more if deemed necessary and parliament approves. This will be the second state of emergency in the country since the transition to democracy began in 1975, the first being a 2010 air traffic controllers' strike. And what about France? France, a country of 63.5 million people, has reported more than 4,400 confirmed cases. Prime Minister Édouard Philippe said the number of people in France in intensive care was growing and earlier guidelines for the public were being ignored. The closure - which went into force at 23:00 GMT on Saturday - applies to restaurants, cafes, cinemas and nightclubs as well as non-essential businesses. It will not, Mr Philippe said, affect essential businesses which he listed as food shops, chemists, banks, tobacco shops and petrol stations. Mr Philippe also asked people to reduce their travel, especially between towns. "The best way to slow down the epidemic", he said, was "social distancing". "I say this gravely - we must all together show greater discipline in the application of these measures," Mr Philippe added. Local elections due on Sunday will still go ahead, he said. Religious buildings will remain open but gatherings and ceremonies should be postponed. Schools in France will be closed as of Monday until further notice. France reported a sharp rise in cases on Saturday, from 3,661 to 4,499. It recorded 12 more deaths, bringing the toll to 79. The BBC's Paris correspondent, Hugh Schofield, says the measures amount to a dramatic ratcheting-up of the French response, reflecting growing alarm at the fast spread of the virus. Are you in France or Spain? Have you been affected by the coronavirus? Share your experiences by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist. You can also contact us in the following ways:

করোনাভাইরাস প্রতিরোধে ইউরোপীয় ইউনিয়নের বৃহৎ দুই দেশ স্পেন ও ফ্রান্সও ইটালির পথ অনুসরণ করে জরুরি বিধিনিষেধ আরোপ করলো।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Facebook cancelled their accounts after a UN report called for several leaders to be investigated and prosecuted for genocide over their role in violence against the Rohingya minority and others. It's the first time Facebook has banned any country's military or political leader. In all, Facebook has removed 18 accounts linked to Myanmar and 52 Facebook pages. One account on Instagram, which Facebook owns, was also closed. Between them they were followed by almost 12 million people. Facebook is one of the biggest social media platforms in Myanmar (also called Burma), with more than 18 million users. The UN report said that for most users in Myanmar "Facebook is the internet" but that it had become a "useful instrument for those seeking to spread hate". What was in the UN report? Its wording was the strongest UN condemnation so far of the military's operations against the Rohingya. The military launched a crackdown in Rakhine state last year after Rohingya militants carried out deadly attacks on police posts. Thousands of people have died and more than 700,000 Rohingya have fled to neighbouring Bangladesh. There are also widespread allegations of human rights abuses, including arbitrary killing, rape and burning of land. The report named six senior military figures, including Myanmar's top commander Min Aung Hlaing, who it said should be investigated for genocide, and called for the case to be referred to the International Criminal Court (ICC). The report had begun its investigations months before the latest crisis, which it said had been "a catastrophe looming for decades". Who are the Rohingya and why are they so hated? The Rohingya are one of many ethnic minorities inside Myanmar and make up the largest percentage of Muslims - but they are not officially classed as Burmese citizens. The government sees them as illegal immigrants from neighbouring Bangladesh, which also denies them citizenship. Even the term "Rohingya" is controversial and many in Myanmar avoid using it, instead calling them "Bengali", which reinforces the notion that they are immigrants from Bangladesh. They have mostly lived in Myanmar's under-developed Rakhine state, competing for resources with other struggling ethnic groups who feel they are the true Burmese. The UN report said that over the years, government and military actions against the Rohingya had resulted in "severe, systemic and institutionalised oppression from birth to death". The state newspaper has used words like "fleas" to describe them. Buddhist nationalist groups have also pushed the idea that Rohingya Muslims are a threat, seeking to turn the country to Islam. What do people say online about the Rohingya? A Reuters report last year found more than 1,000 posts, comments and images on Facebook attacking the Rohingya and Muslims. Comments describe the Rohingya as dogs, maggots and rapists. Others suggest that they be fed to pigs. Some outright condemned Islam, with one Facebook page in Burmese calling for "genocide of all Muslims". The BBC's Facebook posts about the Rohingya attracts similar levels of vitriol. Monday's story of the UN report led to multiple comments on the post condemning the Rohingya. "The Rohingya are Bengalis... they are invaders," said one. "They eat Bengali food, speak Bengali, wear Bengali dress. Burmese people should drive every last Bengali back to Bangladesh." What about the army chief? Army chief Min Aung Hlaing had two Facebook accounts. According to AFP news agency, one account had 1.3m followers and the other 2.8m followers - a substantial following. His position also means he wields a huge amount of influence. In a Facebook post, he too referred to Rohingya as "Bengali", saying that Rohingya was a "fabricated" word. Facebook said his page - along with other banned pages - had "inflamed ethnic and religious tensions." According to news site the Myanmar Times, presidential spokesperson U Zaw Htay said that the decision to ban the accounts was made without consulting the government. He added that they were "in talks with Facebook to get the accounts back". What has Facebook done? Nothing until now. This issue is not a new one. In 2014, experts raised the alarm about Facebook's role in spreading hate speech in Myanmar. In March, a UN official said Facebook had "turned into a beast" in the country. The report said Facebook had been "slow and ineffective", in tackling hate speech. The "extent to which Facebook posts and messages have led to real-world discrimination and violence must be independently and thoroughly examined," it said. Facebook agreed on Tuesday that it had been "too slow to act", but that it was "making progress - with better technology to identify hate speech, improved reporting tools and more people to review content". Facebook also acknowledged that many in Myanmar relied on the platform for information, "more so than in almost any other country".

মিয়ানমারের সেনাবাহিনী প্রধানসহ কয়েকজন পদস্থ সেনা কর্মকর্তা এখন আর ফেসবুকে নেই।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Bambang Brodjonegoro said President Joko Widodo had chosen to relocate the capital in "an important decision". The new location is not yet known. However state media reports one of the front runners is Palangkaraya, on the island of Borneo. Jakarta, home to over 10 million people, is sinking at one of the fastest rates in the world. The announcement comes after Mr Widodo declared victory in the country's general election earlier this month, though official results will not be announced until May 22. Why move the capital? The idea of moving the capital has been floated several times since the country gained independence from the Dutch in 1945. In 2016, a survey found that the mega-city had the world's worst traffic congestion. Government ministers have to be escorted by police convoys to get to meetings on time. The planning minister says snarl-ups in Jakarta costs the economy 100 trillion rupiah ($6.8bn, £5.4bn) a year. There has also been a huge programme to decentralise government for the last two decades in a bid to give greater political power and financial resources to municipalities. Jakarta is also one of the fastest-sinking cities in the world. Researchers say that large parts of the megacity could be entirely submerged by 2050. North Jakarta sunk 2.5m (eight feet) in 10 years and is continuing to sink an average of 1-15cm a year. The city sits on the coast on swampy land, criss-crossed by 13 rivers. Half of Jakarta is below sea level. One of the main causes of this is the extraction of groundwater which is used as drinking water and for bathing. A powerful political message By Rebecca Henschke, former editor, BBC Indonesian Indonesians are sceptical about their capital ever moving. They have heard this before and none of Indonesia's six presidents have been able to pull it off. But President Joko Widodo has achieved ambitious infrastructure building in his five years in office, so he may well be the man that finally does it. Indonesia is an incredibly diverse nation made up of hundreds of ethnic groups living on thousands of islands. But economic development, national cultural identity and political power have always been dominated by the Javanese. Indonesians have never elected a non-Javanese president and most of Indonesia's wealth is concentrated in Jakarta. Indonesians living outside Java, particularly in the east, have long complained about being forgotten and neglected by the country's leaders sitting in the sprawling capital. Moving the capital out of Java would send a powerful political message that this is changing, if it happens. What are the options? In a closed cabinet meeting, three options were reportedly discussed and presented to the president. One involved making a special zone for government offices inside the current capital; another was to move it to just outside Jakarta and the third, the one the president preferred, was to build a brand new capital on another island. The chief candidate is Palangkaraya, hundreds of kilometres to the north-east in central Kalimantan - the part of Borneo that belongs to Indonesia. It is geographically close to the centre of the archipelago and Indonesia's founding father Sukarno proposed to make it the capital. In Palangkaraya there is a mixed reaction to the idea of their sleepy city becoming the nation's capital. One high school student told the BBC: "I hope the city will develop and the education will become as good as in Jakarta. But all the land and forest that's empty space now will be used. Kalimantan is the lungs of the world, and I am worried, we will lose the forest we have left." Mr Brodjonegoro said that the process could take 10 years. He told reporters after the meeting that if other countries could achieve it, so could Indonesia. "Brazil moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia near the Amazon, and look at Canberra it's built between Sydney and Melbourne, and Kazakhstan moved their capital to closer to the centre of the country and also Myanmar moved to Naypyidaw," he said. The announcement comes after Mr Widodo vowed to spread economic development more evenly around the country.

ইন্দোনেশিয়া তাদের রাজধানী জাকার্তা থেকে বোর্নিও দ্বীপে সরিয়ে নিচ্ছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Sources close to the agency said it had assessed the evidence in detail. It is understood there is no "smoking gun" but US officials think such an operation would need the prince's approval. Saudi Arabia has called the claim false and insisted that the crown prince knew nothing about plans for the killing. It says Khashoggi was killed as a result of a "rogue operation". US President Donald Trump has spoken to CIA Director Gina Haspel and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo about the CIA's assessment of the Khashoggi murder, the White House says. Press secretary Sarah Sanders gave no details but said Mr Trump had confidence in the CIA. Before the briefing, President Trump stressed the importance of Saudi Arabia to the US, as he has done since news of Khashoggi's killing emerged. "They have been a truly spectacular ally in terms of jobs and economic development," he said. "I have to take a lot of things into consideration." While there has been widespread international condemnation of Khashoggi's murder there has been little in the way of substantial action. The journalist was killed after entering the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October to obtain a marriage document. His body has not been found. Turkey also insists the order to kill him came from the highest levels. What is the CIA's finding based on? The Washington Post, which Khashoggi worked for, says the CIA assessment was based partly on a phone call made by the crown prince's brother, Prince Khalid bin Salman, the Saudi ambassador to the US. Prince Khalid allegedly called Khashoggi at the direction of his brother and gave him assurances that he would be safe to go to the consulate. Prince Khalid, now back in Saudi Arabia, said on Twitter that he had not been in contact with Khashoggi for nearly a year. He said he had never suggested Khashoggi - who had been in London for a conference until the day before his disappearance - should go to Turkey for any reason. It is understood agents have also examined a call made to a senior aide of Crown Prince bin Salman by the team that carried out the killing. Sources quoted in the US media stressed that there was no single piece of evidence linking the crown prince directly to the murder, but officials believe such an operation would have needed his approval. What do the Saudis say happened to Khashoggi? At a news conference in Riyadh on Thursday, Deputy Public Prosecutor Shalaan bin Rajih Shalaan said Khashoggi was given a lethal injection and his body was dismembered inside the consulate after his death. The body parts were then handed over to a local "collaborator" outside the grounds, he added. A composite sketch of the collaborator has been produced and investigations are continuing to locate the remains. Eleven unidentified people have been charged over the journalist's death and the prosecutor is seeking the death penalty for five of them. Damning case but no smoking gun By Frank Gardner, Security Correspondent, BBC News The reported CIA assessment that MBS ordered the killing of Jamal Khashoggi largely matches those in other Western capitals, including London. The purported intercepted phone call - denied by the Saudis - between MBS's brother in Washington, Prince Khalid bin Salman, and Khashoggi, urging him to visit the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, would appear to be at the behest of the crown prince. A second intercepted phone call was from the hit team on the day of the murder to someone inside MBS's inner circle in Riyadh. Again, it is hard to believe this would have been without the Crown Prince's knowledge Taken together with the SIGINT (signals intelligence), the case against MBS is damning but still circumstantial. Government officials do not believe there is a metaphorical "smoking gun" that explicitly ties MBS to the murder. But drawing on well-established diplomatic and intelligence contacts, they know that in that part of the world nothing gets done without sign-off from the top. In the tightly controlled Arab Gulf states there is simply no such thing as "a rogue operation," as Saudi statements have described it. Meanwhile the glaring inconsistencies in the official Saudi explanations have only deepened suspicions of a state-sponsored cover-up.

মার্কিন গুপ্তচর সংস্থা সিআইএ বিশ্বাস করে সৌদি যুবরাজ মোহাম্মদ বিন সালমানই আসলে সাংবাদিক জামাল খাসোগজিকে হত্যার নির্দেশ দিয়েছিলেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Photojournalist Chrystal Ding visited counselling sessions in Rwanda to document the ongoing treatment of those who survived the genocide of 1994. She spent two weeks in Rwanda taking portraits and landscape photos and collecting handwritten responses from participants in the sessions. In just 100 days in 1994, about 800,000 people were slaughtered by ethnic Hutu extremists. They were targeting members of the minority Tutsi community, as well as their political opponents, irrespective of their ethnic origin. "I was three years old in 1994, and so I was curious about what happened to survivors of a similar age to me," says Chrystal. "What does recovery from the Rwanda genocide look like now?" Sitting in on five sessions led by Rwandan counsellors, Chrystal heard many stories of horror as the participants recalled the trauma they had experienced as children. Many lost their parents and siblings. "As someone who lives with their own ongoing mental health difficulties, which I have to keep tabs on, this photography project has been hard," she says. "I don't think I could be prepared for how affecting it was - just to hear story after story of horrible things happening to people." Her photography project, entitled Yours is Going to Be Healed As Well, was funded by a bursary from the Rebecca Vassie Memorial Award, and is in association with Survivors Fund (Surf), the organisation which set up the counselling. "It struck me that one of the reasons people feel they can't talk about their experiences is that on a national level people do not say 'Tutsi' and 'Hutu'," Chrystal says. "The narrative is: 'We are all Rwandan', and it's 'one nation, one people'." Chrystal explains that another reason people feel inhibited from talking about their memories is because survivors and perpetrators returned to the same places after the genocide, to their villages and communities. "There is a lot of hurt on all sides… some of the Hutu may still hold on to extremist views based on ethnic divisions. Some may want to ask for forgiveness. On either side people are not clear who they can trust with their stories." Chrystal wondered if not being Rwandan would be an issue, when joining the counselling groups. "I asked Surf if it's going to be problematic having a Chinese-British person turning up and asking them to tell all these stories about the worst things that have ever happened to them. "[They] said actually it's easier me not being Rwandan, because I am clearly an outsider and there is no risk that what they said would be shared around the community in a way that would impact [on] their daily lives. "It's a strange case of it being harder to talk within your own community than it is to an outsider." One of the participants who shared her story was Patience*, 35, seen below. Patience was nine years old when the genocide happened in 1994. Her father hid her along with her siblings, but she was the only one to survive. She says she repeatedly hears the sound of them crying as they were murdered and the mental images of their bodies leave her unable to sleep. "I think she has a lot of anger," says Chrystal. "She has a house now. People say to her: 'Why do you not smile more, you have a very nice house, why are you not happy?' "She said: 'The reason I never smile is I have a lot of things I'm always thinking about, so my house is a small thing, and not enough to make me smile.'" Patience explained that she has suspicions about the involvement of a man in the community in the murder of her father. "She told one story about how this man used to walk around wearing her father's trousers and shoes. Her father has been missing since the genocide and no-one knows where his body is. "She would ask the man: 'Where did you get those shoes?' and the man would say: 'Oh your father must have left them in the church before he disappeared'. "So she went to the church and asked: 'Did my father leave his shoes?' They said he wasn't there at that time. "She is convinced this man killed her father and took the shoes from his body, and knows where he is buried and won't tell her. "There's a sense of unresolved anger." In the counselling sessions, the kind of psychiatric terminology heard in many other parts of the world is not used. "A lot of the symptoms they describe might be very similar to what we would classify as depression or PTSD. "In some ways I thought the way they talked about things was quite freeing. They would say things like: 'Who is responsible for your happiness, is it you or somebody else?' "[The participants] would talk about how they don't want to be alone when they are experiencing memories of the trauma, and they discussed how they should reach out to a neighbour when they need to. "The discussions boiled down to the concepts of their trauma, rather than the clinical terminology. They were talking about the same things, in terms of actual experience." Another participant who Chrystal met and photographed was Claudine*, 38, seen below. Claudine was 13 when she experienced the genocide. She has since struggled with mental health difficulties, and has had a number of children. "I visited her at home, and I can't overemphasise her sweetness. She just had this gentleness to her, which is more what you expect from a 13 or 14-year-old. [It was] this kind of delicacy and vulnerability, where you just want to do what you can to show her love." After a previous suicide attempt, Claudine is trying to rebuild her life with the counselling group. Chrystal says of Claudine: "When you've not completed school, and therefore are not able to support yourself, there is layer upon layer of vulnerability. "As I was visiting her house, she said she wanted to give me a photo of her with her son. "I asked if this was the only copy she had, and she said: 'Yeah yeah, it's a gift'. I said that if this is the only copy you have, then you must keep it. "She had a generosity of spirit and innocence." Some of the participants travel long distances to attend the counselling sessions, walking up to five hours to be there. An issue that Surf is trying to address is the need for childcare for the mothers who are forced to bring their babies and children with them. "You'd have these tiny children listening to stories about rape for a couple of hours every week, and that can't be good for them to be exposed to that," says Chrystal. However, those taking part feel the benefit of the counselling, including Patience, who told Chrystal that when she is telling her story, she feels "happy, and my heart feels good". Chrystal found that the project affected her personally. "I haven't stopped thinking about all of the people I met… they're incredible individuals. I still dream about Rwanda, and I suspect I'll be back at some point." *Names have been changed. Photos by Chrystal Ding. Interview by Matthew Tucker.

সতর্কতা: প্রতিবেদনটিতে কিছু বর্ণনা আছে যা কারো কারো জন্যে অস্বস্তিকর হতে পারে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

"We have a very extraordinarily expensive air base that's there. It cost billions of dollars to build. We're not leaving unless they pay us back for it," he told reporters. Tensions are high after the US assassinated Iranian General Qasem Soleimani in Baghdad last week. Iran has vowed "severe revenge". Soleimani, 62, spearheaded Iranian military operations in the Middle East, and was regarded as a terrorist by the US. The general's remains have now returned to his home country, where mourners packed the streets of Tehran early on Monday. The new head of Iran's Quds force - which Soleimani led - has vowed to expel the US from the Middle East. "We promise to continue martyr Soleimani's path with the same force... and the only compensation for us would be to remove America from the region," state radio quoted Esmail Qaani as saying. The strike that killed Soleimani also claimed the life of Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, a top Iraqi military figure who commanded the Iranian-backed Kataib Hezbollah group. What did Trump threaten Iraq with? Speaking from the presidential plane, Mr Trump said that if Iraq asked US forces to depart on an unfriendly basis, "we will charge them sanctions like they've never seen before, ever. It'll make Iranian sanctions look somewhat tame." Some 5,000 US soldiers are in Iraq as part of the international coalition against the Islamic State (IS) group. On Sunday, the coalition paused its operations against IS in Iraq, and Iraqi MPs passed a non-binding resolution calling for foreign troops to leave. The resolution was pushed through by the parliament's Shia Muslim bloc - which is close to Iran. How has Iran responded to the US? Iran has announced it will no longer abide by restrictions imposed by the 2015 nuclear deal, under which it agreed to limit its sensitive nuclear activities and allow in international inspectors in return for the lifting of economic sanctions. US President Donald Trump abandoned the deal in 2018, saying he wanted to force Iran to negotiate a new deal that would place indefinite curbs on its nuclear programme and also halt its development of ballistic missiles. Iran refused and had since been gradually rolling back its commitments under the deal. In a statement, it said it would no longer observe limitations on its capacity for enrichment, the level of enrichment, the stock of enriched material, or research and development. The leaders of Germany, France and the UK - which were all signatories to the 2015 deal, alongside China and Russia - responded with a joint statement urging Iran to refrain from "further violent action or proliferation". "It is crucial now to de-escalate. We call on all the players involved to show utmost restraint and responsibility," they said. What has Trump said about Iran? Mr Trump has vowed to strike back at Iran in the event of retaliation for Soleimani's death, "perhaps in a disproportionate manner". He also repeated a controversial threat to target Iranian cultural sites on Sunday, despite criticism from within the US and overseas. "They're allowed to kill our people. They're allowed to torture and maim our people. They're allowed to use roadside bombs and blow up our people. And we're not allowed to touch their cultural site? It doesn't work that way," the president said. In a series of tweets on Saturday, Mr Trump said the US had identified 52 Iranian sites, some "at a very high level & important to Iran & the Iranian culture", and warned they would be "HIT VERY FAST AND HARD" if Tehran struck at the US. US Senator Elizabeth Warren, a senior member of the Democratic Party, responded by tweeting: "You are threatening to commit war crimes." Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif drew parallels with IS destruction of the Middle East's cultural riches. "A reminder to those hallucinating about emulating ISIS war crimes by targeting our cultural heritage," he tweeted. "Through MILLENNIA of history, barbarians have come and ravaged our cities, razed our monuments and burnt our libraries. Where are they now? We're still here, & standing tall." Targeting cultural sites is banned under the Geneva and Hague Conventions - and violating them would constitute a war crime in the US. Iran's top cultural sites Iran is home to two dozen Unesco World Heritage sites. These are landmarks the UN's cultural organisation believes need preserving for their cultural, historic or scientific significance. They include: There are also a number of sites which - while not listed by Unesco - still retain huge cultural importance. For example, the Azadi (Freedom) Tower in Tehran has been the gathering point for celebrations, military parades and mass demonstrations for almost 50 years. Elsewhere in the city, the Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini is dedicated to the Islamic Republic's founder and also houses the tombs of some of the country's leading political figures. How soon could Iran develop a nuclear bomb? The country has always insisted that its nuclear programme is entirely peaceful - but suspicions that it was being used to develop a bomb covertly prompted the UN Security Council, US and EU to impose crippling sanctions in 2010. The 2015 deal was designed to constrain the programme in a verifiable way in return for sanctions relief. It restricted Iran's enrichment of uranium, which is used to make reactor fuel but also nuclear weapons, to 3.67%. Iran was also required to redesign a heavy-water reactor being built, whose spent fuel would contain plutonium suitable for a bomb, and allow international inspections. Before July 2015, Iran had a large stockpile of enriched uranium and almost 20,000 centrifuges, enough to create eight to 10 bombs, according to the White House at the time. US experts estimated back then that if Iran had decided to rush to make a bomb, it would take two to three months until it had enough 90%-enriched uranium to build a nuclear weapon - the so-called "breakout time". Iran's current "breakout time", should it attempt to build a nuclear bomb, is estimated to be around a year, but this could be reduced to half a year or even a matter of months if enrichment levels are increased to 20%, for example.

ইরাকের পার্লামেন্ট দেশটি থেকে মার্কিন সেনাবাহিনীকে চলে যেতে বলার আহ্বান জানানোর পর প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প দেশটির ওপর চরম অবরোধ আরোপের হুমকি দিয়েছেন।