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Their ECS estimate is 1.5 degrees, with a probability range between 1.05 and 2.45 degrees. | They also stated that ECS is extremely unlikely to be less than 1 °C ( 1.8 °F ) ( high confidence ), and is very unlikely to be greater than 6 °C ( 11 °F ) ( medium confidence ). | 1 | [
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Eleven percent of all global greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans are caused by deforestation — comparable to the emissions from all of the cars and trucks on the planet. | latent heat) at the temperature of the warm ocean surface (during evaporation, the ocean cools and the air warms). | 0 | [
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Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. | There is a clear human influence on the climate It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of observed warming since 1950, with the level of confidence having increased since the fourth report. | 0 | [
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‘We don’t expect record years every year, but the ongoing long-term warming trend is clear.’” | On August 31, 2006, the California Legislature reached an agreement with Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to reduce the state's greenhouse-gas emissions, which rank at 12th-largest carbon emitter in the world, by 25 percent by the year 2020. | 0 | [
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[data] show only slight warming, mostly at night and in winter | Air pollution was also found to be associated with increased incidence and mortality from coronary stroke in a cohort study in 2011. | 0 | [
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A paper by Ross McKitrick, an economics professor at the University of Guelph, and Patrick Michaels, an environmental studies professor at the University of Virginia, concludes that half of the global warming trend from 1980 to 2002 is caused by Urban Heat Island. | A satellite record revealed that the overall increase in Antarctic sea ice extents reversed in 2014, with rapid rates of decrease in 2014–2017 reducing the Antarctic sea ice extents to their lowest values in the 40-y record. | 0 | [
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more than 100 per cent of the warming over the past century is due to human actions | The Mississippi River was shut to all ship traffic between the Gulf of Mexico and New Orleans on August 30. | 0 | [
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Surface measurements find more downward infrared radiation warming the planet's surface. | Informed by the Energy White Paper 2003, the bill aims to achieve a mandatory reduction of 60% in the carbon emission from the 1990 level by 2050, with an intermediate target of between 26% and 32% by 2020. | 0 | [
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CO2 limits won't cool the planet | Energy from the Sun heats this layer, and the surface below, causing expansion of the air. | 0 | [
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many scientists were surprised when other researchers subsequently found that ringed and bearded seals (the primary prey of polar bears) north of the Bering Strait especially thrived with a longer open-water season, which is particularly conducive to fishing | Between 1850 and 1950 a long-term trend of gradual climate warming is observable, and during this same period the Marsham record of oak-leafing dates tended to become earlier. | 0 | [
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Doubling the concentration of atmospheric CO2 from its pre-industrial level, in the absence of other forcings and feedbacks, would likely cause a warming of ~0.3A°C to 1.1A°C | The higher CO2 levels led to an additional climate warming ranging between 0.1° and 1.5 °C. | 1 | [
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If the CO2 effect was saturated, adding more CO2 should add no additional greenhouse effect. | Climate change occurs when changes in Earth's climate system result in new weather patterns that remain in place for an extended period of time. | 0 | [
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“In 2009, then-British Prime Minister Gordon Brown predicted that the world had only 50 days to save the planet from global warming. | After initial rises in opinion polls following Brown becoming Prime Minister, Labour's popularity declined with the onset of a recession in 2008, leading to poor results in the local and European elections in 2009. | 1 | [
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Global warming theory holds that one of the fingerprints of human-induced global warming is more rapid warming in the lower troposphere than at the surface (James Taylor) | Past models have underestimated the rate of Arctic shrinkage and underestimated the rate of precipitation increase. | 0 | [
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The IPCC no longer includes the ‘Hockey stick’ chart in its reports. | Estimates for providing clean water and sanitation for the whole population of all continents have been as high as US$200 billion. | 0 | [
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Consequently, the total amount of Arctic sea ice in 2008 and 2009 are the lowest on record. | The effects of global warming in the Arctic include rising temperatures, loss of sea ice, and melting of the Greenland ice sheet. | 1 | [
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CO2 is not powerful in that sense, the only thing it does in the system is make the planet greener. | But it is not a socialized collectivity of labor and it lacks significant power to disrupt or seize the means of production. | 1 | [
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This growth stimulation occurs because CO2 is one of the two raw materials ( the other being water ) that are required for photosynthesis. | The energy is used to reduce carbon dioxide from the air with electrons from water to make sugars ( and other biomass ) and a waste product, oxygen, in the process of photosynthesis. | 1 | [
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Bill Gates claims pandemic's 'misery' will 'happen regularly' if climate change is not stopped | The scientific consensus as of 2013[update], as stated in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, is that it "is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century". | 0 | [
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The trend in CO2 at Mauna Loa is practically identical to the global trend because CO2 mixes well throughout the atmosphere. | 18 January 2019. | 0 | [
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Reef material is calcium carbonate, which contains 44 per cent carbon dioxide. | Long-term ocean temperature records show a rapid, continuous warming in the Indian Ocean, at about 1.2 °C (34.2 °F) (compared to 0.7 °C (33.3 °F) for the warm pool region) during 1901–2012. | 0 | [
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And some plants – like algae which use carbon for photosynthesis – may even benefit. | Most are phototrophic, although some are mixotrophic, deriving energy both from photosynthesis and uptake of organic carbon either by osmotrophy, myzotrophy, or phagotrophy. | 1 | [
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Jim Hansen had several possible scenarios; his mid-level scenario B was right. | Radiative forcing (measured in watts per square meter) can be estimated in different ways for different components. | 0 | [
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The cement, iron and steel, and petroleum refining industries could see their production cut by 21% 19%, and 11% respectively.” | A 2010 paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences analysed "1,372 climate researchers and their publication and citation data to show that (i) 97–98% of the climate researchers most actively publishing in the field support the tenets of ACC [anthropogenic climate change] outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and (ii) the relative climate expertise and scientific prominence of the researchers unconvinced of ACC are substantially below that of the convinced researchers". | 0 | [
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Rather, global polar bear numbers have been stable or slightly improved.” | However, in the short term, some polar bear populations in historically colder regions of the Arctic may temporarily benefit from a milder climate, as multiyear ice that is too thick for seals to create breathing holes is replaced by thinner annual ice. | 1 | [
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“Moreover, the ocean already contains so-called oxygen minimum zones, generally found in the middle depths. | It is one of the three most used acids (the other two being sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) and was first discovered by the alchemists in the 13th century. | 0 | [
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"Skeptics hope that Postma’s alternative thermal model will lead to the birth of a new climatology, one that actually follows the laws of physics and properly physical modeling techniques... | As of 2013, the petition's website states, "The current list of 31,487 petition signers includes 9,029 PhD; 7,157 MS; 2,586 MD and DVM; and 12,715 BS or equivalent academic degrees. | 0 | [
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The figure traditionally cited that suggests 97 per cent of climate scientists agree that global warming is man-made was also found to be flawed. | The authors found that 3974 of the abstracts expressed a position on anthropogenic global warming, and that 97.1% of those endorsed the consensus that humans are causing global warming. | 1 | [
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Florida ranks "45th out of 50 states'' for its regulatory climate for business. | A wind turbine is a windmill-like structure specifically developed to generate electricity. | 0 | [
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When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical | Many such people prefer to call themselves skeptics and describe their position as climate change skepticism. | 1 | [
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Human additions of CO2 are in the margin of error of current measurements and the gradual increase in CO2 is mainly from oceans degassing as the planet slowly emerges from the last ice age. | European Academy of Sciences and Arts in 2007 issued a formal declaration on climate change titled Let's Be Honest: Human activity is most likely responsible for climate warming. | 0 | [
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It seems scientists have noticed recently that quite a few planets in our solar system seem to be heating up a bit, including Pluto. | This could be caused by the interaction between the stellar wind and the planet's magnetosphere creating an electric current through the planet that heats it up causing it to expand. | 1 | [
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The panel was forced to retract a statement in its 2007 report saying all Himalayan glaciers could melt entirely by 2035. | Clinton's story was thoroughly investigated by Fact Checker Michelle Ye Hee Lee in the Washington Post. | 0 | [
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Donald Trump claims Global Warming is a hoax | Donald Trump, the 45th and current President of the United States, has said that climate change is a hoax invented by and for Chinese. | 1 | [
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However, volcanoes have had very little impact on the last 40 years of global warming. | Notable eruptions in the historical records are the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo which lowered global temperatures by about 0.5 °C ( 0.9 °F ) for up to three years, and the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora causing the Year Without a Summer. | 1 | [
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And their wind and manure emit more than one third of emissions of another, methane, which warms the world 20 times faster than carbon dioxide. | While the lifetime of atmospheric methane is relatively short when compared to carbon dioxide, with a half-life of about 7 years, it is more efficient at trapping heat in the atmosphere, so that a given quantity of methane has 84 times the global-warming potential of carbon dioxide over a 20-year period and 28 times over a 100-year period. | 1 | [
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“It’s far too early to tell if what we are seeing in the Arctic, and now the Antarctic, is a sharp shift towards warmer poles with less ice. | Surface temperature increases are greatest in the Arctic, which has contributed to the retreat of glaciers, permafrost, and sea ice. | 1 | [
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The natural cycle adds and removes CO2 to keep a balance; humans add extra CO2 without removing any. | The reason for this is that human activities are adding CO2 to the atmosphere faster than natural processes can remove it ( see carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere for a complete explanation ). | 1 | [
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The observed behavior of radiation fluxes implies negative feedback processes associated with relatively low climate sensitivity. | Models not only project different future temperature with different emissions of greenhouse gases, but also do not fully agree on the strength of different feedbacks on climate sensitivity and the amount of inertia of the system. | 1 | [
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policies based on previous climate model output and predictions might need to be reconsidered | A tropical year (also known as a solar year) is the time that the Sun takes to return to the same position in the cycle of seasons, as seen from Earth; for example, the time from vernal equinox to vernal equinox, or from summer solstice to summer solstice. | 0 | [
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The report suggests significantly smaller overall ice-mass losses than previous estimates. | There has been significant and ongoing ice volume losses on the largest New Zealand glaciers, including the Tasman, Ivory, Classen, Mueller, Maud, Hooker, Grey, Godley, Ramsay, Murchison, Therma, Volta and Douglas Glaciers. | 1 | [
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This is called the "atmospheric greenhouse effect", and without it the Earth's surface would be much colder. | Using data from two ground-observing satellites, ICESAT and ASTER, a study published in Geophysical Research Letters (September 2008) shows that nearly 75 percent of the loss of Greenland's ice can be traced back to small coastal glaciers. | 0 | [
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In the sugarcane region of El Salvador, as much as one-fifth of the population has chronic kidney disease, including over a quarter of the men, the presumed result of dehydration from working the fields they were able to comfortably harvest as recently as two decades ago. | In El Salvador, the disease has become the second leading cause of death among adult men, and according to a recent editorial, it has been estimated that this largely unknown epidemic has caused the premature death of at least 20,000 men in the region. | 1 | [
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In particular, PMOD alters the data from the Nimbus7/ERB record from 1989 to 1991. | An example of such an episode is the slower rate of surface temperature increase from 1998 to 2012, which was dubbed the global warming hiatus. | 0 | [
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An exponential increase in CO2 will result in a linear increase in temperature | The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora created global climate anomalies that became known as the "Year Without a Summer" because of the effect on North American and European weather. | 0 | [
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El Niño drove record highs in global temperatures suggesting rise may not be down to man-made emissions. | Between 1970 and 2004, global growth in annual CO 2 emissions was driven by North America, Asia, and the Middle East. | 0 | [
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an individual heatwave triggering coral bleaching cannot be linked to global warming as the process triggering an individual heatwave is fundamentally different from that triggering global warming | The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is the temperature increase that would result from sustained doubling of the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, after the Earth's energy budget and the climate system reach radiative equilibrium. | 0 | [
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Sea level rise has been slow and a constant, pre-dating industrialization | The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions is not consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. | 0 | [
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Prof Adam Scaife, a climate modelling expert at the UK’s Met Office, said the evidence for a link to shrinking Arctic ice was now good: ‘The consensus points towards that being a real effect.’” | The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade. | 0 | [
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In a paper published online this week in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere, economics professor Ross McKitrick says the resulting discrepancies may be leading to an overstatement of the role of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. | In 2014, the Bureau of Meteorology released a report on the state of Australia's climate that highlighted several key points, including the significant increase in Australia's temperatures (particularly night-time temperatures) and the increasing frequency of bush fires, droughts and floods, which have all been linked to climate change. | 0 | [
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The 'decline' refers to a decline in northern tree-rings, not global temperature, and is openly discussed in papers and the IPCC reports. | This decline referred to the well-discussed tree-ring divergence problem, but these two phrases were taken out of context by global warming sceptics, including US Senator Jim Inhofe and former Governor of Alaska Sarah Palin, as though they referred to some decline in measured global temperatures, even though they were written when temperatures were at a record high. | 1 | [
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In reality, gas produced by fracking is worse for the climate than coal. | The death toll is estimated to have been 50 million, and possibly as high as 100 million (about 3 to 6 percent of Earth's population at the time), making it one of the deadliest epidemics in human history. | 0 | [
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But there is also good data showing sea levels | Concerns have been raised that disruption of ice shelves may result in increased glacial outflow from the continental ice mass. | 0 | [
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Renewable energy investment kills jobs. | Some 2.3 million people have found renewable energy jobs in recent years, and projected investments of $630 billion by 2030 would translate into at least 20 million additional jobs. | 1 | [
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Therefore human emissions upset the natural balance, rising CO2 to levels not seen in at least 800,000 years. | The current concentration is about 0.04% ( 410 ppm ) by volume, having risen from pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm. | 1 | [
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Pluto's climate change over the last 14 years is likely a seasonal event. | The long orbital period of Neptune results in seasons lasting forty years. | 1 | [
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Top Scientist Hal Lewis Resigns Over Climate Change Corruption | A scientist named Bill Hingest, who is resigning from the N.I.C.E., warns Mark to get out. | 1 | [
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More than 500 scientists and professionals in climate and related fields have sent a 'European Climate Declaration' to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. | Dennis Bray and Hans von Storch conducted a survey in August 2008 of 2058 climate scientists from 34 different countries. | 1 | [
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Antarctica is too cold to lose ice. | These include a target to reduce the energy intensity of their GDP by 20% during the 2005–10 period. | 0 | [
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Trudeau's carbon tax will raise gas prices by 11 cents / litre. | The tax amounts to CHF 12 per tonne CO 2, which is the equivalent of CHF 0.03 per litre of heating oil ( US$0.108 per gallon ) and CHF 0.025 per m3 of natural gas ( US$0.024 per m3 ). | 1 | [
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But his results are evidence that the actual climate sensitivity is about 3°C for a doubling of atmospheric CO2. | Lindzen has given estimates of the Earth's climate sensitivity to be 0.5 °C based on ERBE data. | 1 | [
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We note that the Earth has never in its history had a quasi-stable state that is around 2C warmer than the preindustrial and suggest that there is substantial risk that the system, itself, will ‘want’ to continue warming because of all of these other processes – even if we stop emissions,” she said. | Less energy reaches the upper atmosphere, which is therefore cooler because of this absorption. | 0 | [
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In particular, satellite data demonstrate for the last 17 years, there's been zero warming. | The most common scales are the Celsius scale (formerly called centigrade), denoted °C, the Fahrenheit scale (denoted °F), and the Kelvin scale (denoted K), the latter of which is predominantly used for scientific purposes by conventions of the International System of Units (SI). | 0 | [
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IPCC were wrong about Amazon rainforests | We have found that climate models and popular surface temperature data sets overstate the changes in the real atmosphere and that actual changes are not alarming." | 0 | [
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Opponents of climate action are getting twice as much airtime as proponents of climate action. | "Judge attacks nine errors in Al Gore's 'alarmist' climate change film". | 0 | [
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Over the past 250 years, humans have added just one part of CO2 in 10,000 to the atmosphere. | The IR estimates have rather low skill at short time and space scales, but are available very frequently (15 minutes or more often) from satellites in geosynchronous Earth orbit. | 0 | [
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Soares looks at short-term trends which are swamped by natural variations. | Phenotypic variation ( due to underlying heritable genetic variation ) is a fundamental prerequisite for evolution by natural selection. | 1 | [
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The Obama administration's own Environmental Protection Agency has said its Clean Power Plan will have a marginal impact on climate change. | The EPA Could Soon Formally Propose Repealing Obama's Key Climate Change Regulation. | 1 | [
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Opponents of climate action are getting twice as much airtime as proponents of climate action. | Their stories prominently reported how the world's leading climate scientists declared that atmospheric changes were already causing harm, and might cause much more; the scientists called for vigorous government action to restrict greenhouse gases. | 1 | [
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‘Heatwaves are far more intense than when my parents were growing up in the 1950s. | 's Heat Wave Duration Index is that a heat wave occurs when the daily maximum temperature of more than five consecutive days exceeds the average maximum temperature by 5 °C ( 9 °F ), the normal period being 1961–1990. | 1 | [
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Ocean levels have been rising for the last 20,000 years[…] No climate scientist can tell you when natural sea level rise stopped and man-made sea level rise began. | More precisely, it is "the quantitative analysis of actual economic phenomena based on the concurrent development of theory and observation, related by appropriate methods of inference". | 0 | [
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For example, geothermal energy is available at all times, concentrated solar thermal energy has storage capability, and wind energy can be stored in compressed air. | Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent global warming and related climate changes on Earth. | 0 | [
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Australia accounts for 1.5 per cent of global carbon emissions. | Australia's carbon dioxide emissions per capita are among the highest in the world, lower than those of only a few other industrialised nations. | 1 | [
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Schmittner finds low climate sensitivity. | In fact the lowest temperature ever obtained in a macroscopic system was 20 nK, which was achieved in 1995 at NIST. | 0 | [
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Over 97 percent of the scientific community a€¦ believe that humans are contributing to climate change. | They found 4,014 which discussed the cause of recent global warming, and of these 97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming. | 1 | [
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A variety of different measurements find steadily rising sea levels over the past century. | The state produces about 75% of the phosphate required by farmers in the United States and 25% of the world supply, with about 95% used for agriculture (90% for fertilizer and 5% for livestock feed supplements) and 5% used for other products. | 0 | [
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The melting in the polar ice caps and in high altitude plains can lead to the dangerous release of methane gas | The vast majority of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions come from combustion of fossil fuels, principally coal, oil, and natural gas, with additional contributions coming from deforestation, changes in land use, soil erosion and agriculture (including livestock). | 0 | [
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Since then, the planet has been cooling on a millennial scale | The European Commission has proposed in its Renewable Energy Roadmap21 a binding target of increasing the level of renewable energy in the EU's overall mix from less than 7% today to 20% by 2020. | 0 | [
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The geologic record provides us with abundant evidence for such perpetual natural climate variability, from icecaps reaching almost to the equator to none at all, even at the poles. | The planet Venus experienced runaway greenhouse effect, resulting in an atmosphere which is 96% carbon dioxide, with surface atmospheric pressure roughly the same as found 900 m (3,000 ft) underwater on Earth. | 0 | [
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In South Florida, "we've had nine inches of sea-level rise since the 1920s." | The surprising effect of this is that the global warming potential of CO is three times that of CO 2. | 0 | [
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Pollution; none of us are supporting putting substances into the atmosphere or the waterways that might be pollutants, but carbon dioxide is not a pollutant. | Common gaseous pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons ( CFCs ) and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. | 1 | [
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Arctic greening was recently cited, in a major report by the U.S. Geological Survey, as the central reason that the state of Alaska, despite worsening wildfires and more thaw of permafrost, might still be able to stow away more carbon than it loses over the course of the 21st century.” | It plays an important role in supplying heat to the polar regions, and thus in sea ice regulation. | 0 | [
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Worst-case global heating scenarios may need to be revised upwards in light of a better understanding of the role of clouds, scientists have said. | Between 1993 and 2017, the global mean sea level rose on average by 3.1 ± 0.3 mm per year, with an acceleration detected as well. | 0 | [
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But it means a chunk of the rise is coming from elsewhere. | This long-term trend is the main cause for the record warmth of 2015 and 2016, surpassing all previous years—even ones with strong El Niño events." | 0 | [
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Actual weather records over the past 100 years show no correlation between rising carbon dioxide levels and local temperatures. | ( 2013 ) estimated that global warming had increased the probability of local record-breaking monthly temperatures worldwide by a factor of 5. | 1 | [
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Trenberth is talking about the details of energy flow, not whether global warming is happening. | In a 2009 paper, An imperative for climate change planning : tracking Earth's global energy, Trenberth discussed the distribution of heat and how it was affected by climate forcing, including greenhouse gas changes. | 1 | [
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They do not make a definitive attribution statement, but the data are consistent with and strongly suggestive of human-driven warming as a root cause of the oxygen decline.’” | When he retired from Virginia in 1994, he became Distinguished Research Professor at the Institute for Humane Studies at George Mason University until 2000. | 0 | [
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Volcanoes have had no warming effect in recent global warming - if anything, a cooling effect. | Sea ice is a common problem in the Arctic seas, but ice-free conditions along the entire northern route were observed at the end of August 2008. | 0 | [
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[ocean acidification was ] First referenced in a peer-reviewed study in Nature in 2003 | The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary atmosphere warms the planet's surface beyond the temperature it would have in the absence of its atmosphere. | 0 | [
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Cosmic rays show no trend over the last 30 years & have had little impact on recent global warming. | Global warming is the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system. | 0 | [
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Carbon dioxide is a trace gas.” | They are trace gases that account for almost one tenth of 1% of Earth's atmosphere. | 1 | [
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From 1970 until 1998 there was a warming period that raised temperatures by about 0.7 F that helped spawn the global warming alarmist movement. | This long-term trend is the main cause for the record warmth of 2015 and 2016, surpassing all previous years—even ones with strong El Niño events." | 0 | [
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Extreme weather isn't caused by global warming | The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, regional changes in precipitation, more frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, and expansion of deserts. | 1 | [
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Global warming' is a myth — so say 80 graphs from 58 peer-reviewed scientific papers published in 2017. | The Independent Climate Change Email Review report was published on 7 July 2010. | 1 | [
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Arctic icemelt is a natural cycle | Steven Quiring, climatologist from Texas A&M University added that "whether scientists like it or not, An Inconvenient Truth has had a much greater impact on public opinion and public awareness of global climate change than any scientific paper or report." | 0 | [
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“In their award winning book, ‘Taken By Storm’ ( 2007 ), Canadian researchers Christopher Essex and Ross McKitrick explain : ‘Temperature is not an amount of something [ like height or weight ]. | Lately, the temperature criterion has fallen out of the definition across the United States Bomb cyclone – A rapid deepening of a mid-latitude cyclonic low-pressure area, typically occurring over the ocean, but can occur over land. | 1 | [
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This means that the world is now 1C warmer than it was in pre-industrial times | From 2008 to 2011, Arctic sea ice minimum extent was higher than 2007, but it did not return to the levels of previous years. | 0 | [
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Greenpeace didn’t save the whales, switching from whale oil to petroleum and palm oil did | Since 1900, the sea level has risen at an average of 1.7 mm (0.067 in) per year; since 1993, satellite altimetry from TOPEX/Poseidon indicates a rate of about 3 mm (0.12 in) per year. | 0 | [
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The human fingerprint in global warming is evident in multiple lines of empirical evidence - in satellite measurements of outgoing infrared radiation, in surface measurements of downward infrared radiation, in the cooling stratosphere and other metrics. | The scientists raise the possibility that even if greenhouse gas emissions are substantially reduced to limit warming to 2 degrees, that might be the "threshold" at which self-reinforcing climate feedbacks add additional warming until the climate system stabilizes in a hothouse climate state. | 0 | [
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Since the hockey stick paper in 1998, there have been a number of proxy studies analysing a variety of different sources including corals, stalagmites, tree rings, boreholes and ice cores. | Since the last glacial maximum about 20,000 years ago, the sea level has risen by more than 125 metres (410 ft), with rates varying from less than a mm/year to 40+ mm/year, as a result of melting ice sheets over Canada and Eurasia. | 0 | [
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