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33,877,945 | 10.1177/14713012211004009 | 2,021 | Dementia (London, England) | Dementia (London) | Mouvement de passage: Creating connections through movement among persons with dementia. | One of the challenging consequences of dementia is the change in relationships that can co-occur with the progression of this condition. Despite this well-documented change, few arts-based interventions target the relational dimension of dementia. This study aims to explore the effects of one arts-based relational intervention: a movement program designed to foster connections within a group of persons with dementia. We used ethnographic methods-including participant observations and informal interviews-to understand the relational effects of this program conducted by two dancers and a musician. The movement sessions were video recorded, and participant movement trajectories were analyzed for different ways in which they created connections. We identified two types of connections-nonreciprocal and reciprocal-and four subtypes of connections-connection to exercise/music, connection to participant, interpersonal connection, and group connection-that participants engaged in during the movement program. Despite most participants not remembering the previous movement sessions, they experienced increasing numbers of connections over the course of the program, particularly reciprocal interpersonal connections. Participants explored new forms of moving and creatively transformed the movement structures proposed by the dancers. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this program in augmenting connections and fostering exploration and creativity in individuals with dementia, providing a template for further developments of interventions targeting the relational dimensions of dementia. This study also highlights the potential of combining ethnographic methods and video analysis to include the perspectives of persons with dementia in research. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,867,956 | 10.3389/fnhum.2021.625888 | 2,021 | Frontiers in human neuroscience | Front Hum Neurosci | Spontaneous Activity in Primary Visual Cortex Relates to Visual Creativity. | Cognitive and neural processes underlying visual creativity have attracted substantial attention. The current research uses a critical time point analysis (CTPA) to examine how spontaneous activity in the primary visual area (PVA) is related to visual creativity. We acquired the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 16 participants at the resting state and during performing a visual creative synthesis task. According to the CTPA, we then classified spontaneous activity in the PVA into critical time points (CTPs), which reflect the most useful and important functional meaning of the entire resting-state condition, and the remaining time points (RTPs). We constructed functional brain networks based on the brain activity at two different time points and then subsequently based on the brain activity at the task state in a separate manner. We explore the relationship between resting-state and task-fMRI (T-fMRI) functional brain networks. Our results found that: (1) the pattern of spontaneous activity in the PVA may associate with mental imagery, which plays an important role in visual creativity; (2) in comparison with the RTPs-based brain network, the CTP-network showed an increase in global efficiency and a decrease in local efficiency; (3) the regional integrated properties of the CTP-network could predict the integrated properties of the creative-network while the RTP-network could not. Thus, our findings indicated that spontaneous activity in the PVA at CTPs was associated with a visual creative task-evoked brain response. Our findings may provide an insight into how the visual cortex is related to visual creativity. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,855,703 | 10.1002/ijop.12762 | 2,021 | International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie | Int J Psychol | Similar or dissimilar? Influence of similarity between distraction tasks and target tasks on unconscious thought. | Distraction tasks are known to affect the unconscious-thought (UT) effect. However, the relationship between two task types, namely distraction and target tasks, and their effect on UT effect have not been examined in previous studies. In this study, we assessed whether simultaneously performing dissimilar distraction and target tasks are beneficial to information processing by UT. In Experiment 1, the target task was an Alternate Use Task (speech task). For the similar-task test, the UT group was assigned the speech 1-back task (speech task) as the distraction task; for the dissimilar-task test, the UT group was assigned the spatial 1-back task (spatial task) as the distraction task. The results of the experiment revealed that under dissimilar tasks, the UT group not only provided more answers but also provided answers that were more novel. For Experiment 2, the target task was changed to Creative Mental Synthesis Task (spatial task) to replicate the results of Experiment 1. The results demonstrated that the dissimilarity between the distraction and target tasks facilitates the UT. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,854,468 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.650541 | 2,021 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | Latent Inhibition as a Biological Basis of Creative Capacity in Individuals Aged Nine to 12. | This study focuses on latent inhibition, a mechanism behind selective attention, as the biological basis of creativity in schoolchildren. The main objective of this study is to know if low levels of attention positively affect the levels of creativity manifested in students between the ages of nine and 12. The design of this study is non-experimental with an explanatory-correlational cross-sectional quantitative approach. In order to achieve the objective suggested, several education centers located in Murcia were selected, in which 476 students took part in a creativity test (PIC-N), an attention test (D2), and another test about intelligence depending on the educational level (BADYG/E2r or BADYG/E3r). The results obtained showed that selective attention was negatively correlated with graphic creativity, understanding that behind it lies the latent inhibition, and that when certain levels of intelligence are present, this negative correlation increases. In this way, the simultaneous existence of creative and inattentive subjects is demonstrated. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,833,225 | 10.1038/s41398-021-01335-5 | 2,021 | Translational psychiatry | Transl Psychiatry | Spontaneous and deliberate creative cognition during and after psilocybin exposure. | Creativity is an essential cognitive ability linked to all areas of our everyday functioning. Thus, finding a way to enhance it is of broad interest. A large number of anecdotal reports suggest that the consumption of psychedelic drugs can enhance creative thinking; however, scientific evidence is lacking. Following a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design, we demonstrated that psilocybin (0.17 mg/kg) induced a time- and construct-related differentiation of effects on creative thinking. Acutely, psilocybin increased ratings of (spontaneous) creative insights, while decreasing (deliberate) task-based creativity. Seven days after psilocybin, number of novel ideas increased. Furthermore, we utilized an ultrahigh field multimodal brain imaging approach, and found that acute and persisting effects were predicted by within- and between-network connectivity of the default mode network. Findings add some support to historical claims that psychedelics can influence aspects of the creative process, potentially indicating them as a tool to investigate creativity and subsequent underlying neural mechanisms. Trial NL6007; psilocybin as a tool for enhanced cognitive flexibility; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6007 . | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,829,955 | 10.1080/02699931.2021.1908230 | 2,021 | Cognition & emotion | Cogn Emot | Getting a grip on insight: real-time and embodied Aha experiences predict correct solutions. | Insight experiences are sudden, persuasive, and can accompany valuable new ideas in science and art. In this preregistered experiment, we aim to validate a novel visceral and continuous measure of insight problem solving and to test whether and embodied feelings of insight can predict correct solutions. We report several findings. Consistent with recent work, we find a strong positive relationship between Aha moments and accuracy for problems that demand implicit processing. We also found that the of the insight experience further predicted the accuracy of solutions and participants naturally embodied the intensity of their insight experiences by squeezing the dynamometer more tightly. Intriguingly, this unintentional embodiment further predicted the accuracy of solutions. We suggest that the dynamometer complements previous measures by (1) simultaneously capturing process and feeling in real-time, (2) highlights the value of measuring Aha moments on a continuum of intensity, and (3) firmly establishes that the impulsive feeling of Aha can carry information about the veracity of an idea. We discuss the findings in light of a recent theoretical account of how feelings of insight may act as a heuristic to select ideas from the stream of consciousness. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,809,052 | 10.3390/ijerph18062894 | 2,021 | International journal of environmental research and public health | Int J Environ Res Public Health | Practitioners' Experiences of the Influence of Bonsai Art on Health. | Bonsai art refers to the cultivation of a miniature tree. This study was motivated by the hypothesis that bonsai art may also be an ecopsychological, therapeutic practice that can have meaningful healing qualities. An international online survey elicited the meaning of bonsai art for 255 skilled bonsai practitioners. Questionnaires and interviews were used to elicit the experiences of participants. The findings supported the hypothesis that, for skilled practitioners, bonsai art was associated with meaningful healing experiences. In particular, the evidence suggests that bonsai art facilitates improved ecological, spiritual and emotional awareness, as well as various healing dimensions, including aesthetic creativity, resilience, adaptability, and social, physical, and personal health. It is viewed as an intervention technique that requires few resources, is easy to apply, and has a minimal impact on any environmental setting. The conclusions drawn point to the ethically sound health promotion value of bonsai art in various settings, such as psychiatric hospitals, retirement homes, rehabilitation centres and prisons. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,796,985 | 10.3758/s13415-021-00885-x | 2,021 | Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience | Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci | Enhancement of semantic integration reasoning by tRNS. | The right hemisphere is involved with the integrative processes necessary to achieve global coherence during reasoning and discourse processing. Specifically, the right temporal lobe has been proven to facilitate the processing of distant associate relationships, such as generating novel ideas. Previous studies showed a specific swing of alpha and gamma oscillatory activity over the right parieto-occipital lobe and the right anterior temporal lobe respectively, when people solve semantic problems with a specific strategy, i.e., insight problem-solving. In this study, we investigated the specificity of the right parietal and temporal lobes for semantic integration using transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS). We administered a set of pure semantics (i.e., Compound Remote Associates [CRA]) and visuo-semantic problems (i.e., Rebus Puzzles) to a sample of 31 healthy volunteers. Behavioral results showed that tRNS stimulation over the right temporal lobe enhances CRA accuracy (+12%), while stimulation on the right parietal lobe causes a decrease of response time on the same task (-2,100 ms). No effects were detected for Rebus Puzzles. Our findings corroborate the involvement of the right temporal and parietal lobes when solving purely semantic problems but not when they involve visuo-semantic material, also providing causal evidence for their postulated different roles in the semantic integration process and promoting tRNS as a candidate tool to boost verbal reasoning in humans. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,796,209 | 10.1080/19420889.2021.1898752 | 2,021 | Communicative & integrative biology | Commun Integr Biol | On the theory of mental representation block. a novel perspective on learning and behavior. | Understanding the mechanisms behind memory, learning, and behavior is crucial to human development and significant research has been done in this area. Classical and operant conditioning and other theories of learning have elucidated different mechanisms of learning and how it modulates behavior. Even with advances in this area, questions remain on how to unlearn faulty ideas or extinguish maladaptive behaviors. In this paper, a novel theory to improve our understanding of this area is proposed. The theory proposes that as a consequence of the brain's energy efficiency evolutionary adaptations, all learning following memory consolidation, reconsolidation, and repeated reinforcements or strengthening over time, results in a phenomenon called mental representation block. The implications of this block on learning and behavior are significant and broad and include cognitive biases, belief in a creator or God, close-mindedness, dogmatism, physician misdiagnosis, racism, homophobia, and transphobia, susceptibility to deception and indoctrination, hate and love, artificial intelligence and creativity. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,779,399 | 10.1177/03010066211000192 | 2,021 | Perception | Perception | Divergent Thinking Influences the Perception of Ambiguous Visual Illusions. | This study investigated the relationships between personality and creativity in the perception of two different ambiguous visual illusions. Previous research has suggested that and (as measured by the Big Five Aspects Scale) are both associated with individual differences in perceptual switching rates for binocular rivalry stimuli. Here, we examined whether these relationships generalise to the Necker Cube and the Spinning Dancer illusions. In the experimental phase of this study, participants viewed these ambiguous figures under both static and dynamic, as well as free-view and fixation, conditions. As predicted, perceptual switching rates were higher: (a) for the static Necker Cube than the Spinning Dancer, and (b) in free-view compared with fixation conditions. In the second phase of the study, personality type and divergent thinking were measured using the Big Five Aspects Scale and the Alternate Uses Task, respectively. Higher creativity/divergent thinking (as measured by the Alternate Uses Task) was found to predict greater switching rates for the static Necker Cube (but not the Spinning Dancer) under both free-view and fixation conditions. These findings suggest that there are differences in the perceptual processing of creative individuals. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,767,644 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.601389 | 2,021 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | Creativity as a Means to Well-Being in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Cross-Cultural Study. | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about unprecedented uncertainty and challenges to the worldwide economy and people's everyday life. Anecdotal and scientific evidence has documented the existence of a positive relationship between the experience of crisis and creativity. Though this appears to be ubiquitous, the crisis-creativity-well-being relationship has not been sufficiently examined across countries and using a working adult sample. The current study drew on a sample consisting of 1,420 employees from China ( = 489, 40% females), Germany ( = 599, 47% females), and the United States ( = 332, 43% females) to examine whether creativity can function as an effective means to cope with crisis and to achieve both flourishing and social well-being. Multivariate analyses showed that perceived impact of COVID-19 was positively related to creative process engagement, which was positively related to employees' self-reported creative growth. Creative growth was associated with a higher level of flourishing well-being. This sequential mediation model was significant across the three samples. Creativity also mediated the relationship between perceived impact of COVID-19 and social well-being (social connectedness), but this connection was only found for the Chinese sample. Further data analyses revealed that individualism moderated this serial mediation model in that the positive coping effect of creativity on both flourishing and social well-being was stronger for individuals who hold more collectivistic views. Results of the study have implications for crisis management, personal development, and positive functioning of individuals and society. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,764,129 | 10.4102/curationis.v44i1.2094 | 2,021 | Curationis | Curationis | Educators' perceptions and views of problem-based learning through simulation. | The real-world problems and ever-changing challenges currently confronting the future of nursing education and healthcare require a problem-based learning approach using simulation strategy. This is exacerbated by the increasing burden of diseases such as tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV and AIDS) and more recently the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as advancing technology and changing regulations and policies. Problem-based learning is a student-centred learning strategy, where students are presented with situations drawn from practice, which can be used to bridge the theory-practice gap. To explore the perceptions and views of healthcare educators on how problem-based learning can be facilitated through simulation. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was used. Thirteen educators from the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Johannesburg, with 5 years' teaching experience, were purposively selected from the Dean's office, the Nursing Department, emergency medical care and the departments of podiatry, somatology and radiography. The participants were selected based on their extensive knowledge of problem-based learning and the use of simulation. Data were collected through in-depth, individual, semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis provided six themes and 13 related sub-themes. The article focuses on the perceptions and views of educators regarding problem-based learning through simulation. Problem-based learning through simulation allows students to work together in teams, which demonstrates a new modus operandi and renders a holistic approach to patient care. Problem-based learning through simulation should be utilised to encourage reflective knowledge exchange. Students from various departments can learn about new innovations, creativity and develop critical thinking when solving complex health-related problems. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,763,005 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646448 | 2,021 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | The Effect of Dopaminergic Replacement Therapy on Creative Thinking and Insight Problem-Solving in Parkinson's Disease Patients. | Parkinson's disease (PD) patients receiving dopaminergic treatment may experience bursts of creativity. Although this phenomenon is sometimes recognized among patients and their clinicians, the association between dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) in PD patients and creativity remains underexplored. It is unclear, for instance, whether DRT affects creativity through convergent or divergent thinking, idea generation, or a general lack of inhibition. It is also unclear whether DRT only augments pre-existing creative attributes or generates creativity . Here, we tested a group of PD patients when "on" and "off" dopaminergic treatment on a series of tests of creative problem-solving (Alternative Uses Task, Compound Remote Associates, Rebus Puzzles), and related their performance to a group of matched healthy controls as well as to their pre-PD creative skills and measures of inhibition/impulsivity. Results did not provide strong evidence that DRT improved creative thinking in PD patients. Rather, PD patients "on" medication showed less flexibility in divergent thinking, generated fewer ideas insight, and showed worse performance in convergent thinking overall (by making more errors) than healthy controls. Pre-PD creative skills predicted enhanced flexibility and fluency in divergent thinking when PD patients were "on" medication. However, results on convergent thinking were mixed. Finally, PD patients who exhibited deficits in a measure of inhibitory control showed weaker convergent thinking while "on" medication, supporting previous evidence on the importance of inhibitory control in creative problem-solving. Altogether, results do not support the hypothesis that DRT promotes creative thinking in PD. We speculate that bursts of artistic production in PD are perhaps conflated with creativity due to lay conceptions of creativity (i.e., an art-bias). | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,762,989 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.569987 | 2,021 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | Social Media Responses to the Pandemic: What Makes a Coronavirus Meme Creative. | The current pandemic and the measures taken to address it, on a global scale, are unprecedented. Times of crisis call for creative solutions, and these are not reduced to the work of scientists or politicians. In everyday life, both in online and offline spaces, people use their creativity to make sense of the current situation, to cope with it, and to learn its lessons. Social media is a privileged space for mundane and participative creativity through the production and sharing of coronavirus Internet memes. In this article, we examine the creativity of such memes from a dedicated Reddit community. We ask, in particular, what makes a coronavirus meme creative and what this creativity tells us about the pandemic and popular understandings of it. To answer these questions, we use a triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods by having 480 memes coded by three social media users for surprise, meaningfulness, elaboration, humor, and creativity and qualitatively analyzing those memes that score highly on each dimension. An interesting finding concerns the importance of elaboration and humor for the evaluation of creativity in the case of memes, above the more traditional criteria of surprise (proxy for novelty) and meaningfulness (proxy for appropriateness), perhaps a feature unique for Internet spaces. The article ends with reflections on what these findings tell us about creativity on social media more generally and the creative processes involved in the generation and reception of coronavirus memes in particular. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,760,069 | 10.1093/scan/nsab035 | 2,021 | Social cognitive and affective neuroscience | Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci | Brain activation during the observation of real soccer game situations predicts creative goal scoring. | Creativity is an important source of success in soccer players. In order to be effective in soccer, unpredictable, sudden and at the same time creative (i.e. unique, original and effective) ideas are required in situations with high time pressure. Accordingly, creative task performance in soccer should be primarily driven by rapid and automatic cognitive processes. This study investigated if functional patterns of brain activation during the observation/encoding of real soccer game situations can predict creative soccer task performance. A machine learning approach (multivariate pattern recognition) was applied in a sample of 35 experienced male soccer players. The results revealed that brain activation during the observation of the soccer scenes significantly predicted creative soccer task performance, while brain activation during the subsequent ideation/elaboration period did not. The identified brain network included areas such as the angular gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, the occipital cortex, parts of the cerebellum and (left) supplementary motor areas, which are important for semantic information processing, memory retrieval, integration of sensory information and motor control. This finding suggests that early and presumably automatized neurocognitive processes, such as (implicit) knowledge about motor movements, and the rapid integration of information from different sources are important for creative task performance in soccer. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,746,849 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626911 | 2,021 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | Gender Differences in the Distribution of Creativity Scores: Domain-Specific Patterns in Divergent Thinking and Creative Problem Solving. | The present study examined gender differences in the distribution of creative abilities through the lens of , which postulated that men showed greater interindividual variability than women in both physical and psychological attributes (Ellis, 1894/1934). Two hundred and six (51.9% female) undergraduate students in Hong Kong completed two creativity measures that evaluated different aspects of creativity, including: (a) a divergent thinking test that aimed to assess idea generation and (b) a creative problem-solving test that aimed to assess restructuring ability. The present findings extended the research of greater male variability in creativity by showing that men generally exhibited greater variance than women in the overall distribution of the creativity scores in both divergent thinking and creative problem solving, despite trivial gender differences in mean scores. The findings further enriched the discourse of the greater male variability hypothesis by showing interesting domain-specific gendered patterns: (1) greater male variability was more likely to occur in figural forms of creativity, with larger effect sizes, when compared to the variability in verbal forms of creativity; and (2) mixed gendered patterns were found in the upper tails of the creativity score distribution with respect to the verbal domain but not the figural one, despite greater male representation being consistently observed in the lower tail of the distribution. Possible underlying mechanisms and implications were discussed. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,746,827 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.600798 | 2,021 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | Emotional Creativity Improves Posttraumatic Growth and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic. | Emotional creativity refers to a set of cognitive abilities and personality traits related to the originality of emotional experience and expression. Previous studies have found that emotional creativity can positively predict posttraumatic growth and mental health. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed great challenges to people's daily lives and their mental health status. Therefore, this study aims to address the following two questions: whether emotional creativity can improve posttraumatic growth and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and how it works. To do this, a multiple mediation model has been proposed, which supposes that emotional creativity is associated with posttraumatic growth and mental health through perceived social support and regulatory emotional self-efficacy. The study involved 423 participants from multiple regions with different COVID-19 involvement levels. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire with six parts, which included Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI), Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale (RES), Stress-Related Growth Scale-Short Form (SRGS-SF), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support scale (MSPSS), Brief Symptom Inventory-18 scale (BSI-18), and COVID-19-related life events questionnaire. Path analysis used to examine the mediation model indicated that under the control of COVID-19-related life events and age, perceived social support mediated a positive association between emotional creativity and posttraumatic growth as well as a negative association between emotional creativity and all mental health problems, including somatization, depression, and anxiety. Regulatory emotional self-efficacy mediates the association between emotional creativity and posttraumatic growth, emotional creativity and anxiety, and emotional creativity and depression. The results suggest that emotional creativity plays an important role in coping with stressful events related to COVID-19. Furthermore, these results might provide a better understanding of the possible paths through which emotional creativity is related to psychological outcomes, such as mental health and posttraumatic growth. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,733,318 | 10.1007/s12124-020-09586-5 | 2,021 | Integrative psychological & behavioral science | Integr Psychol Behav Sci | Animal Creativity as a Function of Behavioral Innovation and Behavior Flexibility in Problem-solving Situations. | A natural approach of animal creativity through insightful problem-solving may offer a panel of how physiological, contextual, cultural and developmental variables related to each other to produce new behaviors. The spontaneous interconnection of acquire behaviors is an Insightful Problem-Solving model based on the new combination and/or chaining of behaviors that were previously and independently trained. This model seems to offer an integrative alternative for the studies of Innovation and Behavioral Flexibility because it allows the research on innovation in a scenario in which the response that solves the problem situation is not available by trial-and-error. Measuring task-appropriateness by behavior flexibility and novelty by behavior innovation under insightful problem-solving paradigm can contribute for the integration of decades of evidence in Cognitive Psychology, Neuro-ethology, Behavior Analysis and Behavioral Neurosciences. The Insightful Problem-Solving allows the independent test of behavioral innovation and behavioral flexibility as it measures the behavioral innovation inside insightful test and tests if the BF depends on variables arranged in the problem-situation and/or on the previous training (e.g. familiarity with access to appetitive stimulus in the pre-test, the number of distinct behaviors trained, and contingency changes in the post-test). | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,732,183 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.611838 | 2,021 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | They Saw It Coming: Rising Trends in Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Creative Students and Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis. | Previous research has established that creative adolescents are generally low in neuroticism and as well-adjusted as their peers. From 2006 to 2013, data from cohorts of creative adolescents attending a counseling laboratory supported these results. Clinical findings of increased anxiety, depression, and suicidality among creative students in 2014 led the researchers to create 3 studies to explore these clinical findings. Once artifactual causes of these changes were ruled out, a quantitative study was conducted. Study 1, an analysis of mean differences of pre-2014 and post-2014 cohorts showed that post-2014 cohorts scored significantly higher in Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, and Conscientiousness and lower in Extraversion on Big 5 inventories. Regression analyses suggested that while Neuroticism was associated with gender, Conscientiousness and Grade Point Average for the earlier group, Neuroticism in the post 2014 groups was related to complex interplay of all personality dynamics except Agreeableness. In the qualitative Study 2, focus groups of 6-10 students, for a total of 102 participants were queried about the reasons they perceived for increased anxiety and depression in creative students. Increased achievement pressures and awareness of environmental and social problems were major sources of external stressors; perfectionism and desire to fulfill expectations of others were the primary sources of internal stress. The authors suggest that creative students' openness to experience and advanced knowledge made it possible for these students to see the potential for environmental and social crises and respond to their inability to solve these problems with anxiety and depression. Study 3 was a qualitative study that followed up 19 participants from the post-2014 cohort to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and creativity. While the majority perceived a negative effect of the pandemic on their mental health, most also produced a surprising variety of creative works during that time. In conclusion, rapid changes in the lives of creative adolescents since 2014 suggest that scholars focus on current cohorts and the ways in which adolescent personality is shaped by internal expectation and external pressures and global events. Despite the pandemic, creative young people continued to create. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,721,581 | 10.1016/j.concog.2020.103055 | 2,021 | Consciousness and cognition | Conscious Cogn | The Aha! moment: Is insight a different form of problem solving? | In everyday life, we mainly solve problems with a conscious solution search (non-insight). However, sometimes a perplexing problem is resolved by a quantum leap in understanding. This phenomenon is known as the Aha! experience (insight). Although insight has a distinct phenomenological and behavioral signature, its driving mechanism remains debated. Weisberg (2015) proposed an integrated theory of insight arguing that insight, like non-insight, mainly depends on conscious, cognitive operations with restructuring as a distinguishing feature of insight. However, only if those operations lead to an impasse, insight is achieved through unconscious processes. We assessed some of the premises of this theory by asking participants (N = 42) to solve 70 word puzzles (CRAT) that can either be solved with insight or non-insight. For each puzzle, participants indicated word puzzle difficulty, solution confidence, solution suddenness, and the experiences of impasse and restructuring. As expected, participants reported higher suddenness of and confidence in insight solutions than non-insightful ones. Surprisingly, we could not corroborate the otherwise consistently reported higher solution accuracy and faster solution speed for insight. Crucially, as suggested by the integrated theory of insight, impasse was not a prerequisite for insight to occur. Although restructuring, indeed, preceded insight solutions more often, it seemed a more general problem-solving skill also applied for non-insight solutions. Moreover, early on, participants reported an increased experience of problem difficulty for puzzles later solved with insight. This ability to report on the solution search of insight demonstrates that, as proposed by the theory, insight involves conscious, cognitive operations. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,718,944 | 10.1007/s11528-021-00596-7 | 2,021 | TechTrends : for leaders in education & training | TechTrends | K12 Practitioners' Perceptions of Learning from Failure, Creativity, and Systems Thinking: a Collective Case Study. | This article presents the results of a collective case study exploring how K12 practitioners perceive the interaction of systems thinking, creativity, and learning from failure within their professional practice. In order to identify K12 practitioners who were well-versed in systems thinking, we targeted students within an instructional design and technology graduate program that included a course on human performance improvement (HPI). At the conclusion of the semester, all students in the course were invited to participate in an individual, semi-structured interview where they discussed the relationship among these three concepts within their professional practice. Participants described how learning from failure and creativity manifest within their practice and through systems thinking. Additionally, they identified that learning from failure and creativity are crucial components of problem solving. Further insights for how these three concepts can impact professional practice are addressed. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,711,771 | 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.02.003 | 2,021 | Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior | Cortex | Left hemispheric stroke in a professional artist: A prospective case study. | Several papers have investigated the effect of stroke on creativity. While initial evidence favored right hemispheric dominance in artwork creation, subsequent well-founded research has established the left hemispheric participation in creativity, supporting the idea of bi-hemispheric role in artistic production. We here describe the case of a renowned artist who suffered a left hemispheric ischemic stroke involving the occipito-temporal region and subsequently manifested several difficulties in producing visual artworks. We documented his recovery phases in a prospective way during the initial months following stroke and observed that, although his constructional abilities recovered to a significant extent over 3 months, spontaneous creation was persistently impaired. The right hemispheric role in visual art is linked mainly to visuo-spatial skills and global attention, while left hemispheric participation is thought to be related to focal attention and visual imagery. Our case study lends support to the idea that art is a bi-hemispheric function with important complementary contributions from both the right and left hemisphere. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,709,181 | 10.1007/s00702-021-02325-z | 2,021 | Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) | J Neural Transm (Vienna) | Emergent creativity in frontotemporal dementia. | Numerous papers report on connections between creative work and dementing illness, particularly in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), which may combine with motor neuron disease (FTD-MND). However, the emergence of FTD(-MND) patients' de novo artistic activities is rarely reported and underappreciated. Therefore, the present review summarizes relevant case studies' outcomes, capturing creativity's multifaceted nature. Here, we systematically searched for case reports by paying particular attention to the chronological development of individual patients' clinical symptoms, signs, and life events. We synoptically compared the various art domains to the pattern of brain atrophy, the clinical and pathological FTD subtypes. 22 FTD(-MND) patients were identified with creativity occurring either at the same time (41%) or starting after the disease onset (59%); the median lag between the first manifestation of disease and the beginning of creativity was two years. In another five patients, novel artistic activity was developed by a median of 8 years before the start of dementia symptoms. Artistic activity usually evolved over time with a peak in performance, followed by a decline that was further hampered by physical impairment during disease progression. Early on, the themes and objects depicted were often concrete and realistic, but they could become more abstract or symbolic at later stages. Emergent artistic processes may occur early on in the disease process. They appear to be a communication of inner life and may also reflect an attempt of compensation or "self-healing". The relative preservation of primary neocortical areas such as the visual, auditory, or motor cortex may enable the development of artistic activity in the face of degeneration of association cortical areas and subcortical, deeper central nervous system structures. It is crucial to understand the differential loss of function and an individual's creative abilities to implement caregiver-guided, personalized therapeutic strategies such as art therapy. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,689,541 | 10.1080/23279095.2021.1891901 | 2,021 | Applied neuropsychology. Adult | Appl Neuropsychol Adult | Decreased emotional creativity and its relationship with cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease: A preliminary study. | Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from a wide range of non-motor symptoms, including cognitive deficits and impairment of emotional processing. The present study aimed to explore in PD patients compared to healthy adults the relationship between cognitive performance and emotional creativity (EC), defined as a set of cognitive abilities and personality traits related to originality and appropriateness of emotional experience. PD patients ( = 22) and healthy controls ( = 40) underwent a complex neuropsychological assessment and were administrated with the self-reported Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI) questionnaire. To explore the relationship between cognitive tests and the ECI, a regression analysis was conducted. PD patients and healthy controls differed significantly in the EC component as well as in the neuropsychological test battery scores. PD patients showed lower scores in cognitive tests and a lower score in compared to healthy adults. The output of the regression analysis showed that the extent to which the neuropsychological tests relate to the ECI components is low. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,680,177 | 10.5964/ejop.v16i2.3117 | 2,020 | Europe's journal of psychology | Eur J Psychol | New Mobilities and Psychology: Why are We Still Not on the Move? | The new mobilities paradigm has been influential within the social sciences for the past two decades. And yet, psychology is undoubtably slow to incorporate mobility as a key lens through which to consider its subject area. In this editorial, I will make the case that we would benefit greatly from focusing more on personal, collective and psychological mobilities and the kinds of conceptual, methodological and practical challenges they raise. To illustrate this, I briefly discuss the notions of self and identity, learning, and imagination and creativity. Final conclusions are offered regarding a late but welcomed 'mobilities turn' in psychological science. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,679,372 | 10.3389/fnagi.2021.607988 | 2,021 | Frontiers in aging neuroscience | Front Aging Neurosci | Healthy Aging Alters the Functional Connectivity of Creative Cognition in the Default Mode Network and Cerebellar Network. | Creativity is a higher-order neurocognitive process that produces unusual and unique thoughts. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies of younger adults have revealed that creative performance is the product of dynamic and spontaneous processes involving multiple cognitive functions and interactions between large-scale brain networks, including the default mode network (DMN), fronto-parietal executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN). In this resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study, group independent component analysis (group-ICA) and resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) measures were applied to examine whether and how various functional connected networks of the creative brain, particularly the default-executive and cerebro-cerebellar networks, are altered with advancing age. The group-ICA approach identified 11 major brain networks across age groups that reflected age-invariant resting-state networks. Compared with older adults, younger adults exhibited more specific and widespread dorsal network and sensorimotor network connectivity within and between the DMN, fronto-parietal ECN, and visual, auditory, and cerebellar networks associated with creativity. This outcome suggests age-specific changes in the functional connected network, particularly in the default-executive and cerebro-cerebellar networks. Our connectivity data further elucidate the critical roles of the cerebellum and cerebro-cerebellar connectivity in creativity in older adults. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence supporting the default-executive coupling hypothesis of aging and novel insights into the interactions of cerebro-cerebellar networks with creative cognition in older adults, which suggest alterations in the cognitive processes of the creative aging brain. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,676,116 | 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105091 | 2,021 | Journal of experimental child psychology | J Exp Child Psychol | Examining the impact of children's exploration behaviors on creativity. | Creativity is typically measured using divergent thinking tasks where participants are asked to generate multiple responses following a prompt. However, being able to generate responses captures only a partial picture of creativity. Convergent thinking, in which a single solution is chosen, is an equally important part of creativity that is often left out of divergent thinking assessments. Moreover, as the field of creativity evolves, exploration is starting to be recognized as an understudied component of how children generate and apply creative solutions. The current study moved beyond typical divergent thinking tasks and examined a measure of creativity that also captured 4- to 6-year-old children's convergent thinking and exploration behaviors. A total of 130 children participated in a creative problem-solving task where they were asked to remove a ball from a jar using everyday objects. Children's actions were coded as divergent thinking, convergent thinking, or exploration behaviors. Results demonstrated that divergent and convergent thinking performance was not associated with success on the task, indicating that simply generating and selecting more responses is not always enough to achieve a creative outcome. Children's exploration behaviors were positively associated with success on the task. Exploration behaviors were more likely to lead to success if they were purposeful and iterative. These findings provide some of the first evidence that children's exploration is a vital component of creativity. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,672,593 | 10.3390/foods10020469 | 2,021 | Foods (Basel, Switzerland) | Foods | Can Eating Make Us More Creative? A Multisensory Perspective. | While it is well known how food can make us physically healthy, it remains unclear how the multisensory experience of eating might influence complex cognitive abilities such as creativity. A growing body of literature has demonstrated that all human senses are capable of sparking creativity. It follows then that eating, as one of the most multisensory of all human behaviors, should be a playground for creative thinking. The present review presents an overview of how creativity is defined and measured and what we currently know about creativity as influenced by the senses, both singular and in conjunction. Based on this foundation, we provide an outlook on potential ways in which what we eat, where we eat, and how we eat might positively support creative thinking, with applications in the workplace and home. We present the view that, by offering a rich multisensory experience, eating nourishes not only our bodies but also our mental well-being. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,671,366 | 10.3390/jintelligence9010010 | 2,021 | Journal of Intelligence | J Intell | Mathematical Creativity in Adults: Its Measurement and Its Relation to Intelligence, Mathematical Competence and General Creativity. | Mathematical creativity is perceived as an increasingly important aspect of everyday life and, consequently, research has increased over the past decade. However, mathematical creativity has mainly been investigated in children and adolescents so far. Therefore, the first goal of the current study was to develop a mathematical creativity measure for adults (MathCrea) and to evaluate its reliability and construct validity in a sample of 100 adults. The second goal was to investigate how mathematical creativity is related to intelligence, mathematical competence, and general creativity. The MathCrea showed good reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the data fitted the assumed theoretical model, in which fluency, flexibility, and originality constitute first order factors and mathematical creativity a second order factor. Even though intelligence, mathematical competence, and general creativity were positively related to mathematical creativity, only numerical intelligence and general creativity predicted unique variance of mathematical creativity. Additional analyses separating quantitative and qualitative aspects of mathematical creativity revealed differential relationships to intelligence components and general creativity. This exploratory study provides first evidence that intelligence and general creativity are important predictors for mathematical creativity in adults, whereas mathematical competence seems to be not as important for mathematical creativity in adults as in children. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,669,216 | 10.3390/jintelligence9010009 | 2,021 | Journal of Intelligence | J Intell | A Minimal Theory of Creative Ability. | Despite decades of extensive research on creativity, the field still combats psychometric problems when measuring individual differences in creative ability and people's potential to achieve real-world outcomes that are both original and useful. We think these seemingly technical issues have a conceptual origin. We therefore propose a minimal theory of creative ability (MTCA) to create a consistent conceptual theory to guide investigations of individual differences in creative ability. Building on robust theories and findings in creativity and individual differences research, our theory argues that creative ability, at a minimum, must include two facets: intelligence and expertise. So, the MTCA simply claims that whenever we do something creative, we use most of our cognitive abilities combined with relevant expertise to be creative. MTCA has important implications for creativity theory, measurement, and practice. However, the MTCA isn't necessarily true; it is a minimal theory. We discuss and reject several objections to the MTCA. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,657,568 | 10.1159/000512129 | 2,021 | Psychopathology | Psychopathology | Pareidolias and Creativity in Patients with Mental Disorders. | Pareidolias are ilusionary misjudgments and are seen as the result of deliberately or unconsciously caused misinterpretations by the human brain, which tends to complete diffuse and apparently incomplete perceptual images. The psychopathological value of pareidolia in the context of neuropsychiatric diseases has, however, been little researched so far. In this pilot study, a total of 25 patients (mean age 43.3 years, SD 16.2) with an affective disorder or schizophrenic disease (ICD-10: F3.X or F2.X) and 25 healthy volunteers (mean age 46.1 years, SD 15.4) were compared for sociodemographic factors and psychometric findings, as well as pareidolias and creativity. We found that the patients identified significantly fewer pareidolias than healthy controls (p = 0.002) and that patients with schizophrenia, in particular, had a significantly lower hit rate (p = 0.005). Across the whole group, there were clear positive correlations between pareidolia and high creativity, as well as personality traits such as impulsiveness/spontaneity, extraversion, and conscientiousness. Unexpectedly, having less nosology-specific features than individual specific properties such as creativity and extraversion, and especially openness and verbal intelligence, in patients with affective disorder or schizophrenia promotes the recognition of pareidolia as a specific form of illusionary misperception. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,655,905 | 10.1097/MD.0000000000023580 | 2,021 | Medicine | Medicine (Baltimore) | Professionalism development of undergraduate medical students: Effect of time and transition. | Changeover phases are essential and inevitable times in professional life, which let the learners adapt and grasp emerging opportunities for learning based on the past experiences with the catering of novel creativity as required in the present as well as emerging time. This study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of a professionalism course, during the transition from a non-clinical to clinical setting, within the context of undergraduate medical education.This observational study was conducted during 2019 to 2020, with pre- and post-professionalism course evaluation. We used the Dundee Poly-professionalism inventory-1: Academic Integrity, among the undergraduate medical students.Our results are based on the medical student's professional progress with the transition from 2nd year to 3rd year. During the 1st phase of the study, the participants at their Pre-Professionalism Course (PrPC) level in their 2nd medical year (only attended the introductory lectures for professionalism), showed a good understanding of professionalism. For the 2nd phase, when the same students, at their Post-Professionalism Course (PoPC) level, in their 3rd year (completed professionalism course) filled the same survey and it was found that there was no decline in their understanding of the topic, even after more than a year. They were even more aware of the significance of professionalism in their clinical settings.Despite a year gap, the understanding of professionalism among students was stable. Results helped us infer that time laps did not affect the professionalism concept learned earlier; rather during clinical settings, students become more aware of professionalism. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,648,632 | 10.7554/eLife.62878 | 2,021 | eLife | Elife | Self-blinding citizen science to explore psychedelic microdosing. | Microdosing is the practice of regularly using low doses of psychedelic drugs. Anecdotal reports suggest that microdosing enhances well-being and cognition; however, such accounts are potentially biased by the placebo effect. This study used a 'self-blinding' citizen science initiative, where participants were given online instructions on how to incorporate placebo control into their microdosing routine without clinical supervision. The study was completed by 191 participants, making it the largest placebo-controlled trial on psychedelics to-date. All psychological outcomes improved significantly from baseline to after the 4 weeks long dose period for the microdose group; however, the placebo group also improved and no significant between-groups differences were observed. Acute (emotional state, drug intensity, mood, energy, and creativity) and post-acute (anxiety) scales showed small, but significant microdose vs. placebo differences; however, these results can be explained by participants breaking blind. The findings suggest that anecdotal benefits of microdosing can be explained by the placebo effect. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,646,169 | 10.3233/JAD-210057 | 2,021 | Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD | J Alzheimers Dis | Separate and Unequal: A Time to Reimagine Dementia. | The rapid emergence of COVID-19 has had far-reaching effects across all sectors of health and social care, but none more so than for residential long-term care homes. Mortality rates of older people with dementia in residential long-term care homes have been exponentially higher than the general public. Morbidity rates are also higher in these homes with the effects of government-imposed COVID-19 public health directives (e.g., strict social distancing), which have led most residential long-term care homes to adopt strict 'no visitor' and lockdown policies out of concern for their residents' physical safety. This tragic toll of the COVID-19 pandemic highlights profound stigma-related inequities. Societal assumptions that people living with dementia have no purpose or meaning and perpetuate a deep pernicious fear of, and disregard for, persons with dementia. This has enabled discriminatory practices such as segregation and confinement to residential long-term care settings that are sorely understaffed and lack a supportive, relational, and enriching environment. With a sense of moral urgency to address this crisis, we forged alliances across the globe to form Reimagining Dementia: A Creative Coalition for Justice. We are committed to shifting the culture of dementia care from centralized control, safety, isolation, and punitive interventions to a culture of inclusion, creativity, justice, and respect. Drawing on the emancipatory power of the imagination with the arts (e.g., theatre, improvisation, music), and grounded in authentic partnerships with persons living with dementia, we aim to advance this culture shift through education, advocacy, and innovation at every level of society. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,637,749 | 10.1038/s41537-021-00144-5 | 2,021 | NPJ schizophrenia | NPJ Schizophr | The impact of creativity on functional outcome in schizophrenia: a mediational model. | Functional impairment remains one of the most challenging issues for treatment in schizophrenia. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the negative impact of symptoms excluding variables that could positively impact functional outcome, such as creativity, which is considered an adaptive capacity for real-life problem-solving. This study analyzed the predictive role of creativity on functional outcome in 96 patients with schizophrenia through a mediational model, including sociodemographic, clinical, neurocognitive, and social cognitive variables. Path analysis revealed that creativity significantly mediated the relationship between neurocognition and functional outcome, and that creativity mediated between negative symptoms and functional outcome. Additionally, neurocognition was directly associated with functional outcome and social functioning was associated with creativity. The involvement of creativity in functional outcome could have relevant implications for the development of new interventions. These findings open up a new field of research on additional personal resources as possible factors of functional outcome in schizophrenia and other diseases. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,633,636 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.600810 | 2,021 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | How Family's Support of Perseverance in Creative Efforts Influences the Originality of Children's Drawing During the Period of COVID-19 Pandemic? | This study points out that families' support of perseverance in creative efforts will increase children's originality of creative drawing through children's persistence in information searching. Data analysis based on 134 Chinese young children's creative drawings and survey supports the above hypothesis. Moreover, children's exposure to COVID-19 pandemic positively moderates the relationship between supporting perseverance and children's search persistence, such that high exposure to COVID-19 pandemic will increase the positive relationship between support of perseverance and search persistence. And children's prosocial motivation inhibits the influence of search persistence on originality. Contributions to the theory of children's creativity are discussed. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,633,635 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.600076 | 2,021 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | Creative Lockdown? A Daily Diary Study of Creative Activity During Pandemics. | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is influencing our lives in an enormous and unprecedented way. Here, we explore COVID-19-lockdown's consequences for creative activity. To this end, we relied on two extensive diary studies. The first, held on March 2019 (pre-pandemic), involved 78 students who reported their emotions and creativity over 2 weeks (927 observations). The second, conducted on March 2020 (during the pandemic and lockdown), involved 235 students who reported on their emotions, creativity, and the intensity of thinking and talking about COVID-19 over a month (5,904 observations). We found that compared with 2019, during the lockdown, students engaged slightly yet statistically significantly more in creative activities. An analysis of diaries collected during the pandemic also showed that the days when students spent more time discussing or searching for information about COVID-19 were characterized by a higher creative activity yet also mixed emotions. We discuss potential explanations of these unexpected results along with future study directions. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,629,649 | 10.1080/13825585.2021.1892026 | 2,021 | Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition | Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn | Cognitive reserve: a multidimensional protective factor in Parkinson's disease related cognitive impairment. | We explored the association between cognitive reserve (CR) and Parkinson' s disease (PD) related cognitive deterioration.Forty PD patients and 12 matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. The PD group was balanced for the presence/absence of cognitive impairment. All participants underwent MOCA. CR was measured by the Brief Intelligence Test, and a new comprehensive tool, named Cognitive Reserve Test (CoRe-T), including sections on leisure activities and creativity.Participants with higher CR obtained a better MOCA score irrespective of the group they belonged to. At the same time, irrespective of the CR level, the performance of the HC group was always better in comparison to the PD group. Within the PD group, a higher frequency of leisure activities was associated to be cognitively unimpaired, independently by the severity of motor symptoms and age.CR could help to cope with PD-related cognitive decline. Its multidimensional nature could have important applications in prevention and rehabilitation interventions. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,626,931 | 10.1177/1474704921994028 | 2,021 | Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior | Evol Psychol | Divergent Thinking in Survival Processing: Did Our Ancestors Benefit From Creative Thinking? | The survival processing advantage is a robust mnemonic device in which information processed for its relevance to one's survival is subsequently better remembered. Research indicates that elaborative processing may be a key component underlying this memory effect, and that this mechanism resembles divergent thinking, whereby words with a greater number of creative uses in a given scenario are better remembered. If this particular function underpins adaptive memory, then individual differences in creativity may play a part in the degree to which people benefit from this advantage. We expected that highly creative individuals who engage more in divergent thinking would not necessarily benefit to a greater degree than less creative individuals, due to potential redundant processing. In this between-subjects experiment, participants rated words according to their relevance to the typical grasslands survival scenario or according to their pleasantness (a control common to the survival paradigm and known to enhance memory). While we did find a main effect of both condition (survival v. pleasantness) and creativity (high v. low), there was no interaction. This set of findings suggests that creative individuals may not benefit to a greater degree in survival processing, despite their ability to think divergently. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,624,232 | 10.3758/s13415-021-00869-x | 2,021 | Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience | Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci | Noninvasive brain stimulation to lateral prefrontal cortex alters the novelty of creative idea generation. | Theories of the processes involved in creative cognition posit that cognitive control has a negative effect on creative idea generation but a positive effect on creative idea evaluation. Brain stimulation research has started to examine empirically the effects of cognitive control, with several reports of decreased cognitive control facilitating creative ideation. Such studies have shown how decreased cognitive control mechanisms facilitate creative idea generation, potentially by allowing participants access to less inhibited weaker-related associations, thereby increasing novelty. In the current study, we advance this line of work by investigating how cognitive control affects creative thinking, potentially inhibiting or facilitating novel idea generation based on task demands. Participants read sentences with the final word missing and were instructed to complete the sentence with an uncommon (but appropriate) ending. Participants performed this task while undergoing either anodal (excitatory), cathodal (inhibitory), or sham (control) transcranial direct current stimulation over their left prefrontal cortex. These responses were then rated for their novelty and appropriateness by an independent sample of raters. We found that anodal stimulation increased the appropriateness and decreased the novelty of participants' responses. Contrary to previous studies, we did not find that cathodal stimulation increased the novelty of participants' responses, which may be due to the nature of our task. Overall, we demonstrate how cognitive control mechanisms may inhibit novel idea generation. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,621,638 | 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.017 | 2,021 | Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews | Neurosci Biobehav Rev | Point estimates, Simpson's paradox, and nonergodicity in biological sciences. | Modern biomedical, behavioral and psychological inference about cause-effect relationships respects an ergodic assumption, that is, that mean response of representative samples allow predictions about individual members of those samples. Recent empirical evidence in all of the same fields indicates systematic violations of the ergodic assumption. Indeed, violation of ergodicity in biomedical, behavioral and psychological causes is precisely the inspiration behind our research inquiry. Here, we review the long term costs to scientific progress in these domains and a practical way forward. Specifically, we advocate using statistical measures that can themselves encode the degree and type of nonergodicity in measurements. Taking such steps will lead to a paradigm shift, allowing researchers to investigate the nonstationary, far-from-equilibrium processes that characterize the creativity and emergence of biological and psychological behavior. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,615,896 | 10.1177/1745691620966790 | 2,021 | Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science | Perspect Psychol Sci | From da Vinci's Flying Machines to a Theory of the Creative Process. | Steps involved in the creative process have been described in previous research, yet the exact nature of the process still remains unclear. In the current study, we take this investigation further, referring to two flying machines developed by Leonardo da Vinci and his other notes. Nine iterative steps are described with a focus on motivation and cognition: (a) vision and curiosity; (b) social recognition; (c) asking questions; (d) analogical thinking; (e) trial and error; (f) abductive reasoning; (g) incubation and forgetting; (h) overinclusive thinking, latent inhibition, and illumination; and (i) schema elaboration. The influence of da Vinci's socio-historic context is also briefly discussed. The analyses show how general psychological mechanisms can explain extraordinary acts of creativity. The steps discussed can be further formalized in future research to advance the modeling of creativity. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,597,184 | 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320222 | 2,021 | Archives of disease in childhood | Arch Dis Child | Keeping young people connected during COVID-19: the role of online groups. | The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on young people, disrupting education, routines, hobbies and peer interactions and there is concern for longer term effects on physical and mental health outcomes. Young people living with chronic health conditions face additional challenges including reduced or no face-to-face contact with medical teams, shielding and the increased stressors of being in 'at-risk' groups and social isolation. In a climate of social isolation and disconnectedness, online groups could provide a method of delivering healthcare and support that strengthens social connectedness and reduces isolation. Despite the technology being available, uptake and evidence for online groups is limited. This article shares learnings from a paediatric and adolescent psychology service delivering online groups for young people with chronic health conditions and their healthcare teams. Ideas for how to transfer group process to online platforms are considered, with examples and tips. With sufficient staffing, preparation, thought, creativity and innovation, it is possible for face-to-face groups to successfully be offered online. Caution should be exercised trying to run online groups without these provisions in place, as the safety, comfort and experience of young people could be jeopardised. Further research is needed to better understand group processes online and to consider what is lost and what is gained when comparing online to face-to-face groups. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,591,231 | 10.1177/0269881120953994 | 2,020 | Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) | J Psychopharmacol | Microdosing psychedelics: Subjective benefits and challenges, substance testing behavior, and the relevance of intention. | Microdosing psychedelics is the practice of taking small, sub-hallucinogenic doses of lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Despite its surging popularity, little is known about the specific intentions to start microdosing and the effects of this practice. First, we aimed to replicate previous findings regarding the subjective benefits and challenges reported for microdosing. Second, we assessed whether people who microdose test their substances before consumption. Third, we examined whether having an approach-intention to microdosing was predictive of more reported benefits. The Global Drug Survey runs the world's largest online drug survey. Participants who reported last year use of lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin in the Global Drug Survey 2019 were offered the opportunity to answer a sub-section on microdosing. Data from 6753 people who reported microdosing at least once in the last 12 months were used for analyses. Our results suggest a partial replication of previously reported benefits and challenges among the present sample often reporting enhanced mood, creativity, focus and sociability. Counter to our prediction, the most common challenge participants associated with microdosing was 'None'. As predicted, most participants reported not testing their substances. Counter to our hypothesis, approach-intention - microdosing to approach a desired goal - predicted less rather than more benefits. We discuss alternate frameworks that may better capture the reasons people microdose. Our results suggest the perceived benefits associated with microdosing greatly outweigh the challenges. Microdosing may have utility for a variety of uses while having minimal side effects. Double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments are required to substantiate these reports. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,586,283 | 10.1111/papt.12329 | 2,021 | Psychology and psychotherapy | Psychol Psychother | Introducing mindfulness and compassion-based interventions to improve verbal creativity in students of clinical and health psychology. | In the field of psychotherapy, verbal creativity has been suggested as an important aspect in psychotherapists' training. In the present study, the effects of a mindfulness and compassion-based intervention (MCBI) on verbal creativity are analysed in students of clinical and health psychology (N = 90). Students were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 37), in which an MCBI was applied, and a waiting list group (n = 26) with no intervention. We also assessed a non-randomized active control group (n = 27), in which students received training in basic psychotherapy skills. Verbal creativity (fluency, flexibility, and originality) was evaluated in a pre-, post-, and follow-up assessment. Results indicated a significant increase in fluency (p = .001, d = .64), flexibility (p = .017, d = .67), and originality (p = .004, d = .72) in the experimental group, relative to the waiting list group, in the post-assessment. Fluency (p = .010, d = .64) and flexibility (p = .033, d = .62) were also found to be higher in the follow-up assessment. In addition, results indicated a significant increase in flexibility (p = .034, d = .74) in the experimental group, relative to the active control group, in the follow-up assessment. Introducing MCBI in the university education of psychotherapists seems to be a useful strategy to improve their verbal creativity, which could positively influence their ability to explore and appropriately respond to their patients' needs. Mindfulness and compassion-based interventions (MCBIs) could be a useful strategy to improve verbal creativity in the university education of psychotherapists. After the MCBI, students of clinical and health psychology increased the number of ideas they produced when facing a specific situation, as well as their variety and originality. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,578,949 | 10.3390/ijerph18041717 | 2,021 | International journal of environmental research and public health | Int J Environ Res Public Health | Tele-Rehabilitation for People with Dementia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case-Study from England. | Introduction The Promoting Activity, Independence and Stability in Early Dementia (PrAISED) is delivering an exercise programme for people with dementia. The Lincolnshire partnership National Health Service (NHS) foundation Trust successfully delivered PrAISED through a video-calling platform during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This qualitative case-study aimed to identify participants that video delivery worked for, to highlight its benefits and its challenges. Interviews were conducted between May and August 2020 with five participants with dementia and their caregivers ( = 10), as well as five therapists from the Lincolnshire partnership NHS foundation Trust. The interviews were analysed through thematic analysis. Video delivery worked best when participants had a supporting caregiver and when therapists showed enthusiasm and had an established rapport with the client. Benefits included time efficiency of sessions, enhancing participants' motivation, caregivers' dementia awareness, and therapists' creativity. Limitations included users' poor IT skills and resources. The COVID-19 pandemic required innovative ways of delivering rehabilitation. This study supports that people with dementia can use tele-rehabilitation, but success is reliant on having a caregiver and an enthusiastic and known therapist. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,577,414 | 10.1089/cyber.2021.0009 | 2,021 | Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking | Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw | Surviving COVID-19: The Neuroscience of Smart Working and Distance Learning. | The persistence of the coronavirus-caused respiratory disease (COVID-19) and the related restrictions to mobility and social interactions are forcing a significant portion of students and workers to reorganize their daily activities to accommodate the needs of distance learning and agile work (smart working). What is the impact of these changes on the bosses/teachers' and workers/students' experience? This article uses recent neuroscience research findings to explore how distance learning and smart working impact the following three pillars that reflect the organization of our brain and are at the core of school and office experiences: (a) the learning/work happens in a dedicated physical place; (b) the learning/work is carried out under the supervision of a boss/professor; and (c) the learning/work is distributed between team members/classmates. For each pillar, we discuss its link with the specific cognitive processes involved and the impact that technology has on their functioning. In particular, the use of videoconferencing affects the functioning of Global Positioning System neurons (neurons that code our navigation behavior), mirror neurons, self-attention networks, spindle cells, and interbrain neural oscillations. These effects have a significant impact on many identity and cognitive processes, including social and professional identity, leadership, intuition, mentoring, and creativity. In conclusion, just moving typical office and learning processes inside a videoconferencing platform, as happened in many contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic, can in the long term erode corporate cultures and school communities. In this view, an effective use of technology requires us to reimagine how work and teaching are done virtually, in creative and bold new ways. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,551,914 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.600837 | 2,020 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | A Positive Role of Negative Mood on Creativity: The Opportunity in the Crisis of the COVID-19 Epidemic. | The COVID-19 epidemic is associated with negative mood, which has the potential to be a powerful driver of creativity. However, the influence of negative mood on cognitive creativity and emotional creativity remains elusive. Previous research has indicated that self-focused attention is likely to be related to both negative mood and creativity. The current study introduced two self-focused attention variables (i.e., rumination, reflection) to explore how negative mood might contribute to cognitive creativity and emotional creativity. Based on a sample of 351 participants, our study found that (1) negative mood during the outbreak of COVID-19 was associated with cognitive creativity and emotional creativity. Meanwhile, there were significant serial mediation effects of rumination and reflection in the relationship between negative mood and creativity and (2) the psychological impact after exposure to the COVID-19 epidemic was positively correlated with emotional creativity but not with cognitive creativity. These results suggested that individuals, in real life and work, could achieve better creative performance through moderate self-focus. Moreover, individuals with different mood states can be induced to enhance their creativity in times of crisis through intervention training to promote reflection. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,551,901 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.574878 | 2,020 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | Exploring Similarities Across the Space and Theater Industries. | null | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,549,759 | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117836 | 2,021 | NeuroImage | Neuroimage | Creativity and the brain: An editorial introduction to the special issue on the neuroscience of creativity. | null | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,544,815 | 10.47162/RJME.61.2.33 | 2,020 | Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie | Rom J Morphol Embryol | 100 Years since the birth of Ladislau Steiner. Creativity of Neurosurgery. | Ladislau Steiner (1920-2013) was a Romanian neurosurgeon, born in the historic and picturesque region of Făgăraş. He was educated by some of the best doctors and professors in Romania, during the communist regime. After his escape through the communist regime, in 1961, at 41 years old, he started his neurosurgical and radiosurgical career at Karolinska Institute, in Stockholm, under the renown Herbert Olivecrona and Lars Leksell. He worked here for 25 years, until he retired in 1987 as head of 1st and 2nd Departments of Neurosurgery in the institute's affiliated clinic Sophiahemmet Hospital. He is most known in Sweden as the first to introduce microsurgical techniques in neurosurgery, but internationally he is known as "the unofficial emissary of Gamma Knife Surgery". After his retirement, he continued his practice at University of Virginia, USA, for another 23 years and another two years at International Neurosciences Institute, Hannover, Germany, being a Professor of Neurosurgery and Radiology of Gamma Knife Surgery. Thanks to his efforts, Romanian neurosurgery had an accelerated progress after the fall of communism, in 1989. Also, thanks to him, Romania was the first Southeast European country with a Gamma Knife unit. For his efforts, he was appointed Honorary President of the Romanian Society of Neurosurgery. We pay tribute to a great Romanian neurosurgeon who managed to touch the lives of thousands of patients and doctors from almost all countries in the world, in time when the world was divided between east and west, communism and freedom. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,536,978 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.611316 | 2,020 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | Gearing Time Toward Musical Creativity: Conceptual Integration and Material Anchoring in Xenakis' . | Understanding compositional practices is a major goal of musicology and music theory. Compositional practices have been traditionally viewed as disembodied and idiosyncratic. This view makes it hard to integrate musical creativity into our understanding of the general cognitive processes underlying meaning construction. To overcome this unnecessary isolation of musical composition from cognitive science, in this conceptual analysis, we approach compositional processes with the analytic tools of blending theory, material anchoring, and enaction. Our case study is Iannis Xenakis' use of sieves for distributing rhythmic patterns in . Though disregarded in previous accounts, the timeline and the gearwheel provide crucial conceptual templates for anchoring Xenakis' idea of time for this score. This case study of conceptual integration templates for temporal representation seeks to gain insight into musical creativity, embodiment, and blending, especially into how virtual interactions with material structures facilitate the construction of complex meanings. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,536,973 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601150 | 2,020 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | COVID-19: A Boon or a Bane for Creativity? | In many countries, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a period of lockdown that impacted individuals' lifestyles, in both professional and personal spheres. New problems and challenges arose, as well as opportunities. Numerous studies have examined the negative effects of lockdown measures, but few have attempted to shine light on the potential positive effects that may come out of these measures. We focused on one particular positive outcome that might have emerged from lockdown: creativity. To this end, this paper compared self-reported professional creativity (Pro-C) and everyday creativity (little-c) before and during lockdown, using a questionnaire-based study conducted on a French sample ( = 1266). We expected participants to be more creative during than prior to lockdown, in both professional and everyday spheres. Regarding Pro-C, we did not see any significant differences between the two comparison points, before and during lockdown. Regarding everyday creativity, we observed a significant increase during lockdown. Furthermore, our results suggest that participants with a lower baseline creativity (before lockdown) benefited more from the situation than those with a higher initial baseline creativity. Our results provide new insights on the impact of lockdown and its positive outcomes. These measures may have inarguably negative consequences on the physical and mental health of many, but their positive impact exists as well. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,536,897 | 10.3389/fnagi.2020.622321 | 2,020 | Frontiers in aging neuroscience | Front Aging Neurosci | Do High Mental Demands at Work Protect Cognitive Health in Old Age Hippocampal Volume? Results From a Community Sample. | As higher mental demands at work are associated with lower dementia risk and a key symptom of dementia is hippocampal atrophy, the study aimed at investigating the association between mental demands at work and hippocampal volume. We analyzed data from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study in Leipzig, Germany ( = 1,409, age 40-80). Hippocampal volumes were measured three-dimensional Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 3D MP-RAGE) and mental demands at work were classified the O*NET database. Linear regression analyses adjusted for gender, age, education, APOE e4-allele, hypertension, and diabetes revealed associations between higher demands in "language and knowledge," "information processing," and "creativity" at work on larger white and gray matter volume and better cognitive functioning with "creativity" having stronger effects for people not yet retired. Among retired individuals, higher demands in "pattern detection" were associated with larger white matter volume as well as larger hippocampal subfields CA2/CA3, suggesting a retention effect later in life. There were no other relevant associations with hippocampal volume. Our findings do not support the idea that mental demands at work protect cognitive health hippocampal volume or brain volume. Further research may clarify through what mechanism mentally demanding activities influence specifically dementia pathology in the brain. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,519,607 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601104 | 2,020 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | The Relationship Between Creativity and Intrusive Rumination Among Chinese Teenagers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Emotional Resilience as a Moderator. | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not only resulted in immeasurable life and property losses worldwide but has also impacted individuals' development, especially teenagers. After the COVID-19 pandemic, individual rumination as an important cognitive process should be given more attention because of its close associations with physical and mental health. Previous studies have shown that creativity as an antecedent variable can predict people's mental health or adaptation. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between creativity and individual cognitive rumination after traumatic events, and the mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. By using the Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS), the Event Related Rumination Inventory, and the Questionnaire of Adolescent Emotional Resilience, the current study explored the relationship between creativity and intrusive rumination among 1488 Chinese teenagers during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzed the moderating effect of emotional resilience on the relationship. The results showed that creativity, as assessed by the RIBS, was positively related to teenagers' intrusive rumination, which implied that a higher level of creative performance could predict more intrusive rumination. Moreover, emotional resilience acted as a moderator in the relationship between creativity and intrusive rumination; the correlation was stronger when emotional resilience was low. These findings provide more evidence of the relationship between creativity and mental health and show the effect of this traumatic event on teenagers. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,510,671 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588172 | 2,020 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | Creative Adaptability: Conceptual Framework, Measurement, and Outcomes in Times of Crisis. | This article presents the framework and explores the measurement, correlates, and outcomes of creative adaptability (CA), proposed here as the cognitive-behavioral-emotional ability to respond creatively and adaptively to stressful situations. Data collection was in April 2020, during the peak of the outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Israel. In Study 1, a sample of 310 adults completed the newly developed CA scale, as well as spontaneity, openness to experience, creative self-efficacy, and well-being measurements. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses corroborated the 9-item CA scale's theorized underlying construct. The scale's validity and reliability were also supported. Exploratory analyses suggested that the association between CA and well-being was mediated by creative self-efficacy and that CA may buffer the impact of individuals' concern about Coronavirus on their well-being. In Study 2, short-term longitudinal data based on a sample of 71 students suggested that CA may predict lower psychological stress over time. Support for the CA scale's internal consistency reliability was obtained and its test-retest reliability was established. Overall, the results shed light on this new construct as a potential protective factor. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,500,276 | 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1179-20.2021 | 2,021 | The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience | J Neurosci | Lists with and without Syntax: A New Approach to Measuring the Neural Processing of Syntax. | In the neurobiology of syntax, a methodological challenge is to vary syntax while holding semantics constant. Changes in syntactic structure usually correlate with changes in meaning. We approached this challenge from a new angle. We deployed word lists-typically, the unstructured control in studies of syntax-as both test and control stimuli. Three-noun lists ("lamps, dolls, guitars") were embedded in sentences ("The eccentric man hoarded lamps, dolls, guitars…") and in longer lists ("forks, pen, toilet, rodeo, lamps, dolls, guitars…"). This allowed us to minimize contributions from lexical semantics and local phrasal combinatorics: the same words occurred in both conditions, and in neither case did the list items locally compose into phrases (e.g., "lamps" and "dolls" do not form a phrase). Crucially, the list partakes in a syntactic tree in one case but not the other. Lists-in-sentences increased source-localized MEG activity at ∼250-300 ms from each of the list item onsets in the left inferior frontal cortex, at ∼300-350 ms in the left anterior temporal lobe and, most reliably, at ∼330-400 ms in left posterior temporal cortex. In contrast, the main effects of semantic association strength, which we also varied, localized in the left temporoparietal cortex, with high associations increasing activity at ∼400 ms. This dissociation offers a novel characterization of the structure versus word meaning contrast in the brain: the frontotemporal network that is familiar from studies of sentence processing can be driven by the sheer presence of global sentence structure, while associative semantics has a more posterior neural signature. Human languages all have a syntax, which both enables the infinitude of linguistic creativity and determines what is grammatical in a language. The neurobiology of syntactic processing has, however, been challenging to characterize despite decades of study. One reason is pure manipulations of syntax are difficult to design. The approach here offers a novel control of two variables that are notoriously hard to keep constant when syntax is manipulated: word meaning and phrasal combinatorics. The same noun lists occurred inside longer lists and sentences, while semantic associations also varied. Our MEG results show that classic frontotemporal language regions can be driven by sentence structure even when local semantic contributions are absent. In contrast, the left temporoparietal junction tracks associative relationships. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,496,637 | 10.1080/0142159X.2021.1874327 | 2,021 | Medical teacher | Med Teach | Making sense of design thinking: A primer for medical teachers. | An increasing number of medical teachers have taken an interest in design thinking, which has been used for years in business, law, and technology sectors. Yet, what does design thinking mean, and how has it been applied in medical education? This commentary discusses design thinking from multiple perspectives. First, it overviews, briefly, the historical development of design thinking, which medical education literature has seldom addressed in detail. Second, it synthesizes three current understandings of design thinking across disciplines: design thinking as a cognitive style, as a process of creativity and innovation, and as an organizational attribute. Third, it presents a 'roundup' of design thinking initiatives that have been applied at preclinical and clinical levels, including programs, courses, workshops, and hackathons. To conclude, the commentary suggests future directions for medical teachers interested in design thinking. Although design thinking is showing promise in medical education, there is substantial work to be done theoretically and practically. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,490,377 | 10.3934/Neuroscience.2021008 | 2,021 | AIMS neuroscience | AIMS Neurosci | Serial-multiple mediation of enjoyment and intention on the relationship between creativity and physical activity. | The purpose of the present study was to examine a serial-multiple mediation of physical activity (PA) enjoyment and PA intention in the relationship between creativity and PA level (i.e., moderate-to-vigorous PA). A total of 298 undergraduate and graduate students completed a self-reported questionnaire evaluating creativity, PA enjoyment, PA intention, and PA level. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, ordinary least-squares regression analysis, and bootstrap methodology. Based on the research findings, both PA enjoyment ( = 0.06; 95% CI [0.003, 0.12]) and PA intention ( = 0.08; 95% CI [0.03, 0.13]) were found to be a mediator of the relationship between creativity and PA level, respectively. Moreover, the serial-multiple mediation of PA enjoyment and PA intention in the relationship between creativity and PA level was statistically significant ( = 0.02; 95% CI [0.01, 0.04]). These findings underscore the importance of shaping both cognitive and affective functions for PA promotion and provide additional support for a neurocognitive affect-related model in the PA domain. In order to guide best practices for PA promotion programs aimed at positively influencing cognition and affect, future PA interventions should develop evidence-based strategies that routinely evaluate cognitive as well as affective responses to PA. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,483,583 | 10.1038/s41598-021-81655-0 | 2,021 | Scientific reports | Sci Rep | EEG signals respond differently to idea generation, idea evolution and evaluation in a loosely controlled creativity experiment. | Many neurocognitive studies endeavor to understand neural mechanisms of basic creative activities in strictly controlled experiments. However, little evidence is available regarding the neural mechanisms of interactions between basic activities underlying creativity in such experiments. Moreover, strictly controlled experiments might limit flexibility/freedom needed for creative exploration. Thus, this study investigated the whole-brain neuronal networks' interactions between three modes of thinking: idea generation, idea evolution, and evaluation in a loosely controlled creativity experiment. The loosely controlled creativity experiment will provide a degree of flexibility/freedom for participants to incubate creative ideas through extending response time from a few seconds to 3 min. In the experiment, participants accomplished a modified figural Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT-F) while their EEG signals were recorded. During idea generation, a participant was instructed to complete a sketch that was immediately triggered by a sketch stimulus at first sight. During idea evolution, a participant was instructed to complete a sketch that is radically distinctive from what was immediately triggered by the sketch stimulus. During the evaluation, a participant was instructed to evaluate difficulties of thinking and drawing during idea generation and evolution. It is expected that participants would use their experience to intuitively complete a sketch during idea generation while they could use more divergent and imaginative thinking to complete a possible creative sketch during idea evolution. Such an experimental design is named as a loosely controlled creativity experiment, which offers an approach to studying creativity in an ecologically valid manner. The validity of the loosely controlled creativity experiment could be verified through comparing its findings on phenomena that have been effectively studied by validated experimental research. It was found from our experiment that alpha power decreased significantly from rest to the three modes of thinking. These findings are consistent with that from visual creativity research based on event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/ERS) and task-related power changes (TRP). Specifically, in the lower alpha band (8-10 Hz), the decreases of alpha power were significantly lower over almost the entire scalp during idea evolution compared to the other modes of thinking. This finding indicated that idea evolution requires less general attention demands than the other two modes of thinking since the lower alpha ERD has been reported as being more likely to reflect general task demands such as attentional processes. In the upper alpha band (10-12 Hz), the decreases of alpha power were significantly higher over central sites during the evaluation compared to idea evolution. This finding indicated that evaluation involves more task-specific demands since the upper alpha ERD has been found as being more likely to reflect task-specific demands such as memory and intelligence, as was defined in the literature. In addition, new findings were obtained since the loosely controlled creativity experiment could activate multiple brain networks to accomplish the tasks involving the three modes of thinking. EEG microstate analysis was used to structure the unstructured EEG data to detect the activation of multiple brain networks. Combined EEG-fMRI and EEG source localization studies have indicated that EEG microstate classes are closely associated with the resting-state network as identified using fMRI. It was found that the default mode network was more active during idea evolution compared to the other two modes of thinking, while the cognitive control network was more active during the evaluation compared to the other two modes of thinking. This finding indicated that idea evolution might be more associated with unconscious and internal directed attention processes. Taken together, the loosely controlled creativity experiment with the support of EEG microstate analysis appears to offer an effective approach to investigating the real-world complex creativity activity. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,466,268 | 10.3390/jintelligence9010002 | 2,021 | Journal of Intelligence | J Intell | When Figurative Language Goes off the Rails and under the Bus: Fluid Intelligence, Openness to Experience, and the Production of Poor Metaphors. | The present research examined the varieties of poor metaphors to gain insight into the cognitive processes involved in generating creative ones. Drawing upon data from two published studies as well as a new sample, adults' open-ended responses to different metaphor prompts were categorized. Poor metaphors fell into two broad clusters. Non-metaphors-responses that failed to meet the basic task requirements-consisted of "adjective slips" (describing the topic adjectivally instead of figuratively), "wayward attributes" (attributing the wrong property to the topic), and "off-topic idioms" (describing the wrong topic). Bad metaphors-real metaphors that were unanimously judged as uncreative-consisted of "exemplary exemplars" (vehicles that lacked semantic distance and thus seemed trite) and "retrieved clichés" (pulling a dead metaphor from memory). Overall, people higher in fluid intelligence (Gf) were more likely to generate a real metaphor, and their metaphor was less likely to be a bad one. People higher in Openness to Experience, in contrast, were more likely to generate real metaphors but not more or less likely to generate bad ones. Scraping the bottom of the response barrel suggests that creative metaphor production is a particularly complex form of creative thought. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,447,248 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601027 | 2,020 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | Benevolent Creativity Buffers Anxiety Aroused by Mortality Salience: Terror Management in COVID-19 Pandemic. | With the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis, the public keeps getting epidemic-related information on the media. News reports on the increasing number of fatalities have exposed individuals to death, which causes negative emotional experiences such as tension, anxiety, and fear. This study aimed to investigate whether creativity could serve as an anxiety-buffer when mortality is salient. Based on previous findings, the present study utilized type of creative task and personal search for meaning as moderators. In Study 1, a 2 (mortality salience: absent, present) × 2 (type of creative task: benevolent, malevolent) between-subject design was utilized, and 168 subjects were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions. In Study 2, 221 subjects were recruited. The experimental procedure was similar to Study 1, except that the priming paradigm of mortality was changed and search for meaning was included as an additional moderating variable. State anxiety was measured as the dependent variable in both studies. Results of Study 1 showed that, while the benevolent creative task could buffer anxiety in the mortality salience condition, the malevolent creative task did not have the same effect. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between mortality salience, type of creative task, and search for meaning in life on anxiety. In Study 2, the buffering function of benevolent creativity was more intense for participants with a higher level of search for meaning. Together, these findings reveal the influence of different types of creative tasks on individual anxiety levels under death priming conditions and the moderating effect of search for meaning in this relationship. Further, they suggest the need to focus on the role of creativity in terror management. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,444,933 | 10.1016/j.schres.2020.12.004 | 2,021 | Schizophrenia research | Schizophr Res | Positive schizotypy and the experience of creativity: The distinctive roles of suspiciousness and dispositional mindfulness. | Positive schizotypy has been shown to predict emergence of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, with suspiciousness/paranoia regarded a key risk factor. However, magical thinking and unusual perceptual experiences, other aspects of positive schizotypy, are associated with creativity. We investigated whether suspiciousness attenuates the relationship of magical thinking and unusual experiences with creative experience, and explored the interaction of dispositional mindfulness with positive schizotypy and creative experience. 342 (256 females) healthy adults (mean age: 25.9; SD 8.4) completed online self-report measures of schizotypy, creative experience, and dispositional mindfulness. Moderation analysis showed that suspiciousness attenuated the positive relationship of magical thinking (b = -0.29, p = .03) and unusual perceptual experiences (b = -0.23, p = .01) with an aspect of creative experience related to positive affect - power/pleasure. This effect was not present for 4 other aspects of creative experience. Multiple linear regressions revealed higher dispositional mindfulness to interact with aspects of positive schizotypy associated with heightened creative experience of power/pleasure (b = 0.06, p = .03), clarity/preparation (b = 0.03, p = .004), and differing levels of anxiety associated with creative engagement (b = -0.06, p = .003; b = 0.03, p = .047). Higher dispositional mindfulness was also associated with lower suspiciousness (r = -0.33, p < .001). The study highlights the importance of considering the role of suspiciousness/paranoia when investigating the relationship between positive schizotypy and creativity. The findings provide support for the application of mindfulness-based interventions for mitigating psychosis-risk associated with suspiciousness, whilst supporting the otherwise favourable association of positive schizotypy with creativity. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,433,823 | 10.1007/s10071-020-01468-y | 2,021 | Animal cognition | Anim Cogn | Dances with dogs: interspecies play and a case for sympoietic enactivism. | I argue that an enactivist framework has more explanatory power than traditional philosophical theories of cognition when it comes to understanding the mechanisms underlying human-animal relationships. In both intraspecies and interspecies exchanges, what we often find are novel forms of cognition emerging from such transactions, but these "co-cognitive" processes cannot be understood apart from the interaction itself. I focus on a specific form of human-animal interaction-play, as it occurs between humans and domestic dogs-and argue that the best theory suited to the task of explaining how these two species create unique thought processes is a "sympoietic enactivism." Rather than the more common "autopoietic" arguments defended by many enactivists, I argue that what is more accurately occurring during bouts of human-dog play is sympoietic, or "collectively producing." Drawing on several different disciplines that converge on similar conclusions about creativity and collaboration, I show that human-dog play is a quintessential case of cognition that cannot be readily understood by appealing to the inner workings of either individual among the dyad. Thinking, on this view, is a form of play, and in playful interaction what gets created are wholly intersubjective modes of thought. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,424,562 | 10.3389/fnhum.2020.577651 | 2,020 | Frontiers in human neuroscience | Front Hum Neurosci | Characterization of the Stages of Creative Writing With Mobile EEG Using Generalized Partial Directed Coherence. | Two stages of the creative writing process were characterized through mobile scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in a 16-week creative writing workshop. Portable dry EEG systems (four channels: TP09, AF07, AF08, TP10) with synchronized head acceleration, video recordings, and journal entries, recorded mobile brain-body activity of Spanish heritage students. Each student's brain-body activity was recorded as they experienced spaces in Houston, Texas ("Preparation" stage), and while they worked on their creative texts ("Generation" stage). We used Generalized Partial Directed Coherence (gPDC) to compare the functional connectivity among both stages. There was a trend of higher gPDC in the Preparation stage from right temporo-parietal (TP10) to left anterior-frontal (AF07) brain scalp areas within 1-50 Hz, not reaching statistical significance. The opposite directionality was found for the Generation stage, with statistical significant differences ( < 0.05) restricted to the delta band (1-4 Hz). There was statistically higher gPDC observed for the inter-hemispheric connections AF07-AF08 in the delta and theta bands (1-8 Hz), and AF08 to TP09 in the alpha and beta (8-30 Hz) bands. The left anterior-frontal (AF07) recordings showed higher power localized to the gamma band (32-50 Hz) for the Generation stage. An ancillary analysis of Sample Entropy did not show significant difference. The information transfer from anterior-frontal to temporal-parietal areas of the scalp may reflect multisensory interpretation during the Preparation stage, while brain signals originating at temporal-parietal toward frontal locations during the Generation stage may reflect the final decision making process to translate the multisensory experience into a creative text. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,420,708 | 10.3758/s13421-020-01134-1 | 2,021 | Memory & cognition | Mem Cognit | Cognitive and motivational factors driving sharing of internet memes. | As naturally occurring examples of folk culture and creativity, internet memes provide a rich testbed to examine the interrelationships among cognitive and motivational factors that influence their impact. In two studies with participants recruited over the internet, we measured a variety of appraisals of both apolitical and political memes with a focus on the role of metaphorical aptness and personal relatability as predictors of comprehensibility and humor. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze interconnections among appraisals. A major network path connects relatability to aptness, which in turn is linked to appraisals of comprehensibility, humor, and propensity to share. For political memes, the congruity of the meme with the person's political position (liberal or conservative) has a powerful but indirect impact on the propensity to share it. These findings indicate that appraisals of memes are based on cognitive and motivational processes that also underlie metaphor comprehension and appreciation of humor. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,407,413 | 10.1186/s12906-020-03161-6 | 2,021 | BMC complementary medicine and therapies | BMC Complement Med Ther | A randomised controlled trial of expressive arts-based intervention for young stroke survivors. | Stroke causes lasting brain damage that has numerous impacts on the survivor's physical, psychosocial, and spiritual well-being. Young survivors (< 65 years old) tend to suffer more because of their longer overall survival time. Expressive arts-based intervention is considered a holistic approach for stroke rehabilitation because it allows participants to express their thoughts and emotions through the arts. The group environment also promotes mutual support among participants. The creative art-making process helps expand participants' creativity and imagination as well as promote a sense of aesthetic appreciation. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of the arts-based intervention in managing stroke and its psychosocial-spiritual comorbidities. Nevertheless, a systematic study has not been conducted, including in young survivors. This trial plans to investigate the effectiveness of an expressive arts-based intervention on bio-psychosocial-spiritual outcomes in young Chinese stroke survivors. A single-blind, two-arm cluster randomised control trial with a waitlist control design will be adopted. One hundred and fifty-four stroke survivors, aged 18-64 years with modified Rankin Scale scores of 1-4, will be screened and randomised to either an expressive arts-based intervention group or a treatment-as-usual waitlist control group. The intervention group will receive a 90-min session once a week for a total of 8 weeks. All participants will be assessed three times: at baseline, 8 weeks, and 8 months after the baseline. Study outcomes include measures of depression and anxiety, perceived stress, perceived social support, hope, spiritual well-being, quality of life, salivary cortisol, blood pressure, and heart rate. This study is expected to contribute to the current knowledge on the effectiveness of an arts-based intervention on the holistic wellness of young stroke survivors. The findings will help stroke survivors and healthcare professionals make better choices in selecting practices that will yield maximum benefits, satisfaction, adherence, and sustainability. In addition, the examination of the relationships between bio-psychosocial-spiritual variables will help contribute to the development of holistic care for the survivors. ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03729648 . Registered 31 October 2018 - Retrospectively registered, (329 words). | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,407,022 | 10.1080/02640414.2020.1864985 | 2,021 | Journal of sports sciences | J Sports Sci | Effects of a 10-week active recess program in school setting on physical fitness, school aptitudes, creativity and cognitive flexibility in elementary school children. A randomised-controlled trial. | The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a 10-week active recess programme in school setting on physical fitness, school aptitudes, creativity and cognitive flexibility in children. A total of 114 children (age range = 8-12 years old, 47.3% girls) participated in this study. The students were randomly assigned to two groups, experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG performed a programme of physical exercise at moderate to vigorous intensity with cognitive engagement for 10 weeks, three times a week. Physical fitness, school aptitudes, creativity, and cognitive flexibility were tested. Non-significant differences were found in physical fitness (both pre-test and post-test) between groups. The EG experienced significant improvements in all school aptitudes, creativity and cognitive flexibility (TMT test). In addition, the EG showed greater increase (p<0.05) than the CG in all variables of school aptitudes (p<0.01), creativity (p<0.001) and cognitive flexibility (p<0.05). Significant correlation between ∆ TMT-B and ∆ Omax (r=-0.289, p=0.031) was found. In conclusion, active recess based on high intensity training can be a proper tool to improve some cognitive skills, such as school aptitudes, creativity, and cognitive flexibility. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,391,134 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.613695 | 2,020 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | The Relationship Between Childhood Neglect and Malevolent Creativity: The Mediating Effect of the Dark Triad Personality. | In addition to what we know as benevolent creativity, which involves originality and usefulness, creativity also includes malevolent creativity, which involves the application of creative ideas to intentionally harm others. This study aimed to explore the environmental and individual predictors of malevolent creativity. We investigated the relationship among childhood neglect, Dark Triad personality traits and malevolent creativity and examined the mediating role of Dark Triad personality. A large sample ( = 991) of Chinese undergraduate students completed the childhood neglect scale, the 12-item Dirty Dozen and the Malevolent Creativity Behavior Scale. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that childhood neglect was positively related to individual malevolent creativity, and the Dark Triad partially mediated this relationship. Additionally, gender differences were found, such that childhood neglect had a stronger effect on malevolent creativity through the Dark Triad among males than females. The results were discussed from the perspectives of life history theory and social information processing theory. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,388,813 | 10.1007/s00221-020-06023-2 | 2,021 | Experimental brain research | Exp Brain Res | Enhancing creativity by altering the frontoparietal control network functioning using transcranial direct current stimulation. | The left angular gyrus (AG), part of the frontotemporal network, is implicated in creative thinking, including verbal creativity tasks such as novel metaphor generation. The current study tested the effects of tDCS over the left AG on two metaphor generation tasks. The study was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, crossover study of anodal vs. cathodal stimulation by tDCS. Compared to sham, cathodal stimulation resulted in significantly increased novel metaphor generation, while anodal stimulation increased conventional metaphor generation. Higher motivation (behavioral approach system's "fun-seeking") was associated with greater metaphor creativity in the sham condition, and lower fun seeking was associated with producing a greater quantity of conventional metaphors. Following active stimulation, motivation traits no longer contributed to creative metaphor generation. Thus, the beneficial effect of cathodal tDCS over the left AG in generation of novel metaphors is through restraining the control network. The current study gives a glimpse into the neural basis for creative thinking. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,384,634 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.518248 | 2,020 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | Time Course of Creativity in Dance. | Time-motion studies revolutionized the design and efficiency of repetitive work last century. Would studies revolutionize the rules of intellectual/creative work this century? Collaborating with seven professional dancers, we set out to discover if there were any significant temporal patterns to be found in a timeline coded to show when dancers come up with ideas and when they modify or reject them. On each of 3 days, the dancers were given a choreographic problem (or task) to help them generate a novel, high quality contemporary dance phrase. They were videoed as they worked on this task for sessions of 15, 30, and 45 min. At the end of each 15 min interval during each session, we had them perform the phrase they were creating. They recorded and then coded the video of themselves dancing during these sessions by using a coding language we developed with them to identify when ideas are introduced, modified, and rejected. We found that most ideas are created early and that though these early ideas are aggressively pruned early on, many still make it into the final product. The two competing accounts of creativity in design research make predictions for the temporal structure of creativity. Our results support neither account, rather showing a more blended version of the two. The iterative design view, arguably the dominant view, is that good ideas are the product of generating many ideas, choosing one fairly early, committing to it, and iteratively improving it. The "fail fast fail often" view is that good ideas are the product of rapidly generating and discarding ideas and holding back from early commitment to any one in particular. The result of holding back commitment, typically, is not that an idea is taken up later and then incrementally improved at the last minute, as much as that later designs are not completely novel, instead incorporating the best parts of the entire sequence of ideas. In our study, we found no evidence that one account or the other was more predictive for the domain of contemporary dance. The behavior of the dancers that we studied revealed elements of both, calling into question how predictive these theories are. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,382,287 | 10.1037/amp0000734 | 2,020 | The American psychologist | Am Psychol | Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology: Katherine B. Ehrlich. | The Early Career Awards, given for the first time in 1974, recognize the large number of excellent early career psychologists. Recipients of this award may not have held a doctoral degree for more than nine years. For purposes of this award, psychology has been divided into 10 areas: animal learning and behavior, comparative; developmental; health; cognition/human learning; psychopathology; behavioral and cognitive neuroscience; perception/motor performance; social; applied research; and individual differences. Five areas are considered each year, with areas rotated in two-year cycles. The areas considered in 2020 were animal learning and behavior, comparative; developmental; health; cognition/ human learning; and psychopathology. Each year, panels are selected for the areas under consideration, and these panels recommend nominees to the Committee on Scientific Awards. The 2020 recipients of the APA Scientific Contribution Awards were recognized by the 2019 Board of Scientific Affairs and selected by the 2019 Committee on Scientific Awards. For outstanding research that elucidates how children's social relationships affect their physical health. Katherine B. Ehrlich's innovative research brings together insights from multiple subareas of psychology, including health, developmental, and social, to address questions of great importance for public health and human development. Her studies are characterized by sophisticated theory, rigorous methodology, and impressive creativity. Her theoretical and empirical work is already leaving a substantial mark on the field and paving the way for an integrative biosocial science of human development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved). | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,381,069 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601548 | 2,020 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | The Effect of "Novelty Input" and "Novelty Output" on Boredom During Home Quarantine in the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Effects of Trait Creativity. | Governments have adopted strict home quarantine measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. A monotonous, barren, and under-stimulating environment can cause state boredom, and people often deal with boredom via novelty-seeking behavior. Novelty-seeking behavior can be divided into "novelty input" and "novelty output." The former refers to obtaining novel information such as browsing the Web; the latter refers to engaging in creative behavior such as literary creation. This study explores the relationship between two types of novelty-seeking behavior and individual state boredom during home quarantine, along with the moderation effect of trait creativity. The study sample consists of 582 Chinese college students who were quarantined at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, the Williams Creativity Aptitude Test, and self-compiled questionnaires of novelty input and novelty output. The results show that there is no significant relationship between novelty input or novelty output and boredom during the COVID-19 quarantine. Trait creativity is found to negatively moderate the relationship between the two means of novelty seeking and boredom. Specifically, novelty output negatively predicts the state boredom of individuals with high creativity, while novelty input positively predicts the state boredom of individuals with low creativity. Our findings suggest that different novelty-seeking behaviors may have different effects on the boredom level of individuals with high versus low creativity during quarantine. During a quarantine period, individuals should avoid excessively engaging in novelty input behaviors aimed at escaping boring situations. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,371,220 | 10.3390/ijerph17249558 | 2,020 | International journal of environmental research and public health | Int J Environ Res Public Health | Parents' Creative Self-Concept and Creative Activity as Predictors of Family Lifestyle. | Family rules, routines, and resources shape children's creativity. However, little is known about how parents' creative self-concepts and creative activity are related to the lifestyle adults create in their families. Family lifestyle might be operationalized as referring to domain-general dimensions of family social functioning (cohesion, flexibility, communication, and family satisfaction) and domain-specific factors related to creativity, namely, family climate for creativity (encouragement to experience novelty and varieties, encouragement to nonconformism, support of perseverance in creative efforts, encouragement to fantasize). To explore the link between parents' creativity-related characteristics and family lifestyle, 303 Polish parents (57% mothers) of children aged between 6 and 10 ( = 7.99; = 1.38) reported on their creative self-concept (creative self-efficacy and creative personal identity), creative activity, overall family lifestyle, and climate for creativity in their families. We found that parents' creative self-concept and their creative activity predict support for creativity in the family and more general balanced and satisfying family relationships. We discuss these findings, point new paths for future research, and suggest possible interventions to strengthen families as creativity-fostering environments. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,362,665 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.604412 | 2,020 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | Belonging and Social Integration as Factors of Well-Being in Latin America and Latin Europe Organizations. | Studies and meta-analyses found individual, meso and micro-social factors that are associated with individual well-being, as well as a positive socio-emotional climate or collective well-being. This article simultaneously studies and examines these factors of well-being. Well-Being is measured as a dependent variable at the individual and collective level, as well as the predictors, in three cross-sectional and one longitudinal studies. Education and social intervention workers ( = 1300, = 80) from Chile, Spain and Uruguay participate; a subsample of educators ( = 1, = 37) from the south central Chile and from Chile, Uruguay and Spain ( = 1149); workers from organizations in Latin America and Southern Europe, military cadets from Argentina ( < 1000); and teams ( = 14) from Spanish companies. Individual and collective well-being indicators were related, suggesting that the emotional climate as a context improves personal well-being. Individual factors (emotional creativity and openness and universalism values), psychosocial factors (low stress, control over work and social support supervisors and peers) were positively associated with personal well-being in education and social intervention context. Organizational dynamic or transformational culture is directly and indirectly associated with individual well-being through previously described psychosocial factors. Group processes such as internal communication and safe participation, task orientation or climate of excellence as well as leadership style that reinforces participation and belonging, were positively associated with collective well-being in labor and military context and predict team work socio-emotional climate in a longitudinal study- but were unrelated to individual well-being. Transformational leadership plays a mediating role between functional factors and social-emotional climate in work teams. Organizational role autonomy, functional organizational leadership, integration and resources were associated with collective well-being in organizations. Organizational leadership moderates the relationship between task orientation and collective well-being in military context. Individual and microsocial factors influence personal well-being. Meso level factors favorable to well-being through processes which reinforce social belonging, influence directly collective well-being and indirectly personal well-being. Leadership that reinforces participation and belonging play a central role for emotional climate. Stress and emotional climate playing an important pivotal role for psychological well-being. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,360,822 | 10.1016/j.concog.2020.103071 | 2,021 | Consciousness and cognition | Conscious Cogn | Dreams reflect nocturnal cognitive processes: Early-night dreams are more continuous with waking life, and late-night dreams are more emotional and hyperassociative. | Contributions of specific sleep stages to cognitive processes are increasingly understood. Non-REM sleep is particularly implicated in episodic memory consolidation, whilst REM sleep preferentially consolidates and regulates emotional information, and gives rise to creativity and insight. Dream content reflects these processes: non-REM dreams are more likely to picture episodic memories, whereas REM dreams are more emotional and bizarre. However, across-the-night differences in the memory sources of dream content, as opposed to sleep stage differences, are less well understood. In the present study, 68 participants were awoken from sleep in the early and late night and recorded their dreams and waking-life activities. Early-night dreams were more clearly relatable to (or continuous with) waking life than late-night dreams. Late-night dreams were more emotional-important, more time orientation varied, and more hyperassociative, than early-night dreams. These dream content differences may underlie the mental content that accompanies sleep processes like memory consolidation, emotion-processing, and creativity. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,357,740 | 10.1016/S0038-0814(20)30277-2 | 2,020 | Soins; la revue de reference infirmiere | Soins | [Protecting adolescents during migration, a difficult task for parents]. | Going through adolescence during migration carries risks, especially when parents must discover their new world at the same time as passing on their values. Teenagers in search of their identity and creativity can endanger themselves as well as their family. A mixed approach is therefore necessary to give meaning to the passing on of traditions. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,357,666 | 10.1016/S0241-6972(20)30124-9 | 2,020 | Soins. Psychiatrie | Soins Psychiatr | [Ethical support units: benefits and limits of externalised ethics in times of crisis]. | This health crisis has revealed the difficulties, but also the creativity of the caregiving teams. In this context, assisting health professionals through the creation of an ethical support unit is valuable. However, the implementation of such a unit requires reflection with the definition of the resulting limits. Two questions are raised: is it really possible to externalise ethical reflection? Is there such a thing as ethics of crisis? | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,356,896 | 10.1177/0033294120981925 | 2,020 | Psychological reports | Psychol Rep | Effects of Verbal Priming With Acute Exercise on Convergent Creativity. | The acute effects of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise during anagram problem solving on subsequent creativity performance has yet to be empirically investigated, which was this study's purpose. A two-visit (counterbalanced order), within-subject experiment was conducted among individuals aged 18-35. For the acute exercise visit, participants engaged in a 15-minute bout of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise while solving anagram problems. For the anagram only visit, participants engaged in 15 minutes of seated rest while solving anagram problems. Average RAT performance was higher for the exercise + anagram problem-solving visit ( = 10.51, SD = 3.25) compared to anagram-solving + seated rest ( = 9.29, SD = 4.12). The difference between conditions was statistically significant, (44) = 2.385, = .021, Cohen's = 0.36. These findings demonstrate that acute exercise coupled with anagram problem-solving, prior to RAT completion, is a potential strategy for enhancing verbal convergent creative thinking. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,346,843 | 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27259 | 2,020 | JAMA network open | JAMA Netw Open | Experiences of Bereaved Family Members Receiving Commemorative Paintings: A Qualitative Study. | Although family members of patients who die in the intensive care unit commonly experience long-term psychological distress, end-of-life bereavement support programs for such relatives are uncommon. Whether art influences the grief experience of families is largely unexplored. To explore the influence of personalized paintings created to honor deceased critically ill patients on family members' bereavement experience. A qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted of semistructured interviews of grieving relatives who received a painting after the death of their loved one. The deceased patients were from a 21-bed medical-surgical intensive care unit. Eleven families were invited to receive a painting, of whom 1 family declined. A total of 22 family members of 10 patients who died in the intensive care unit were interviewed in the study between July 11, 2017, and May 19, 2019. Patients were enrolled in an end-of-life care program that elicits and implements wishes of patients and their families to bring peace during the dying process. Selected families of 10 decedents were invited to receive a painting to honor their loved one 1 to 10 months after the patient's death. Using details about the patient's life story, the artist created individualized paintings to commemorate each patient. The experiences of family members receiving a personalized painting and its reported influence on their grieving experience. The family members of 10 decedents (mean [SD] age, 60 [14] years; 5 women [50%]; 8 White patients [80%]) were interviewed. The central theme of art to facilitate healing was illustrated through the following domains: the cocreation process, painting narratives, postmortem connections, and legacy. The process of cocreating the paintings with the artist and family members involved reminiscing, storytelling, and creativity. Family members emphasized the role of art to facilitate healing, exemplified through connections with images portrayed that deeply resonated with memories of their loved one. Participants indicated that the paintings validated that the patient was remembered, helped families feel less alone during a time of grief, honored the loved one's life, and enhanced connections between family members and clinicians. This qualitative study's findings suggest that the creation of personalized paintings commemorating the lives of patients may help foster legacy and postmortem connections with clinicians and may help family members in their healing process. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,335,481 | 10.3389/fnbot.2020.559366 | 2,020 | Frontiers in neurorobotics | Front Neurorobot | Quantum-Based Creative Generation Method for a Dancing Robot. | In this paper, we propose a creative generation process model based on the quantum modeling simulation method. This model is mainly aimed at generating the running trajectory of a dancing robot and the execution plan of the dancing action. First, we used digital twin technology to establish data mapping between the robot and the computer simulation environment to realize intelligent controllability of the robot's trajectory and the dance movements described in this paper. Second, we conducted many experiments and carried out a lot of research into information retrieval, information fidelity, and result evaluation. We constructed a multilevel three-dimensional spatial quantum knowledge map (M-3DQKG) based on the coherence and entangled states of quantum modeling and simulation. Combined with dance videos, we used regions with convolutional neural networks (R-CNNs) to extract character bones and movement features to form a movement library. We used M-3DQKG to quickly retrieve information from the knowledge base, action library, and database, and then the system generated action models through a holistically nested edge detection (HED) network. The system then rendered scenes that matched the actions through generative adversarial networks (GANs). Finally, the scene and dance movements were integrated, and the creative generation process was completed. This paper also proposes the creativity generation coefficient as a means of evaluating the results of the creative process, combined with artificial brain electroenchalographic data to assist in evaluating the degree of agreement between creativity and needs. This paper aims to realize the automation and intelligence of the creative generation process and improve the creative generation effect and usability of dance movements. Experiments show that this paper has significantly improved the efficiency of knowledge retrieval and the accuracy of knowledge acquisition, and can generate unique and practical dance moves. The robot's trajectory is novel and changeable, and can meet the needs of dance performances in different scenes. The creative generation process of dancing robots combined with deep learning and quantum technology is a required field for future development, and could provide a considerable boost to the progress of human society. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,329,231 | 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.578979 | 2,020 | Frontiers in psychology | Front Psychol | Increasing Divergent Thinking Capabilities With Music-Feedback Exercise. | Divergent thinking is an essential aspect of creativity and has been shown to be affected both by music and physical exercise. While it has been shown that making music and physical exercise can be beneficial for Divergent Thinking in isolation, it is unclear whether the effects can be combined. The present experiment investigated the relation of physical exertion and being in control of music on Divergent Thinking and the possibility of an interaction effect. Seventy-seven predominantly young, German participants were tested with measurements of Divergent Thinking collected after either (1) physical exercise with music listening, (2) making music with a knob setup without physical effort (music control only), or (3) making physical exercise with musical feedback (Jymmin™). Results showed greater increases in Divergent Thinking scores following music-feedback exercise compared to conditions of physical exercise with music listening and music control only. The data thus demonstrate that making music part of a physical exercise routine more strongly leads to the benefit of increased creative capacities, which we argue will be beneficial for athletes to prepare for certain types of competition/performance and as part of regeneration training. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,328,929 | 10.3389/fnhum.2020.571118 | 2,020 | Frontiers in human neuroscience | Front Hum Neurosci | Think Hard or Think Smart: Network Reconfigurations After Divergent Thinking Associate With Creativity Performance. | Evidence suggests divergent thinking is the cognitive basis of creative thoughts. Neuroimaging literature using resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) has revealed network reorganizations during divergent thinking. Recent studies have revealed the changes of network organizations when performing creativity tasks, but such brain reconfigurations may be prolonged after task and be modulated by the trait of creativity. To investigate the dynamic reconfiguration, 40 young participants were recruited to perform consecutive Alternative Uses Tasks (AUTs) for divergent thinking and two resting-state scans (before and after AUT) were used for mapping the brain reorganizations after AUT. We split participants into high- and low-creative groups based on creative achievement questionnaire (CAQ) and targeted on reconfigurations of the two brain networks: (1) default-mode network (DMN) and (2) the network seeded at the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) because the between-group difference of AUT-induced brain activation located at the left IFG. The changes of post-AUT RSFCs (DMN and IFGN) indicated the prolonged effect of divergent thinking. More specifically, the alterations of RSFC and RSFC (AG: angular gyrus, IPG: inferior parietal lobule) in the high-creative group had positive relationship with their AUT performances (originality and fluency), but not found in the low-creative group. Furthermore, the RSFC changes of DMN did not present significant relationships with AUT performances. The findings not only confirmed the possibility of brain dynamic reconfiguration following divergent thinking, but also suggested the distinct IFGN reconfiguration between individuals with different creativity levels. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,328,852 | 10.3389/fnins.2020.578932 | 2,020 | Frontiers in neuroscience | Front Neurosci | Dimensions of Musical Creativity. | Current literature on creative cognition has developed rich conceptual landscapes dedicated to the analysis of both individual and collective forms of creativity. This work has favored the emergence of unifying theories on domain-general creative abilities in which the main experiential, behavioral, computational, and neural aspects involved in everyday creativity are examined and discussed. But while such accounts have gained important analytical leverage for describing the overall conditions and mechanisms through which creativity emerges and operates, they necessarily leave contextual forms of creativity less explored. Among the latter, musical practices have recently drawn the attention of scholars interested in its creative properties as well as in the creative potential of those who engage with them. In the present article, we compare previously posed theories of creativity in musical and non-musical domains to lay the basis of a conceptual framework that mitigates the tension between (i) individual and collective and (ii) domain-general and domain-specific perspectives on creativity. In doing so, we draw from a range of scholarship in music and enactive cognitive science, and propose that creative cognition may be best understood as a process of skillful organism-environment adaptation that one cultivates endlessly. With its focus on embodiment, plurality, and adaptiveness, our account points to a structured unity between living systems and their world, disclosing a variety of novel analytical resources for research and theory across different dimensions of (musical) creativity. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,327,892 | 10.1080/17482631.2020.1857950 | 2,020 | International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being | Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being | Experiences of longing in daily life and associations to well-being among frail older adults receiving home care: a qualitative study. | : All over the world, communities face the challenge of maintaining well-being among older adults. More specifically, understanding the resources required to establish and maintain well-being among community-dwelling older adults is an essential issue. Although longing from a caring science perspective is considered a driver for well-being, it has not yet been investigated among frail older adults. The aim of this study was to explore frail older adults' experiences of longing in daily life and the relation between longing and well-being from a caring science perspective. : The study uses a hermeneutical approach and follows a qualitative explorative design. The data comprises texts from 17 interviews with frail older adults and was analysed by content analysis. : The results uncovered three themes: and . Longing was positively related to well-being when the older adults were able to fulfil their longings. : This study provides an understanding of the mechanisms of longing among frail older adults. Longing, here, is an inner resource for setting into motion the transition towards well-being. Further studies could focus on how frail older adults can be supported to combat the negative forms of longing in daily life. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,327,564 | 10.3390/jintelligence8040043 | 2,020 | Journal of Intelligence | J Intell | Revealing the Role of Divergent Thinking and Fluid Intelligence in Children's Semantic Memory Organization. | The current theories suggest the fundamental role of semantic memory in creativity, mediating bottom-up (divergent thinking) and top-down (fluid intelligence) cognitive processes. However, the relationship between creativity, intelligence, and the organization of the semantic memory remains poorly-characterized in children. We investigated the ways in which individual differences in children's semantic memory structures are influenced by their divergent thinking and fluid intelligence abilities. The participants (mean age 10) were grouped by their levels (high/low) of divergent thinking and fluid intelligence. We applied a recently-developed Network Science approach in order to examine group-based semantic memory graphs. Networks were constructed from a semantic fluency task. The results revealed that divergent thinking abilities are related to a more flexible structure of the semantic network, while fluid intelligence corresponds to a more structured semantic network, in line with the previous findings from the adult sample. Our findings confirm the crucial role of semantic memory organization in creative performance, and demonstrate that this phenomenon can be traced back to childhood. Finally, we also corroborate the network science methodology as a valid approach to the study of creative cognition in the developmental population. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,326,984 | 10.1159/000511981 | 2,021 | Psychopathology | Psychopathology | Creativity and Psychopathology: An Interdisciplinary View. | Since ancient philosophy, extraordinary creativity is associated with mental disorders, emotional and cognitive destabilization, and melancholia. We here summarize the results of empirical and narrative studies and analyze the most prominent case of a highly creative person who suffered from dysthymia and major depression with suicidality. Hereby, we focus on the interaction of different phases of the creative process with "bipolar" personality traits. Finally, we offer an interdisciplinary interpretation of the creative dialectics between order and chaos. The results show that severe psychopathology inhibits creativity. Mild and moderate disorders can inspire and motivate creative work but are only leading to new and useful solutions when creators succeed in transforming their emotional instability and cognitive incoherence into stable and coherent forms. The cultural idea that creativity emerges in dialectical processes between order and chaos, is also to be found in the psychologic interplay of coherence and incoherence, and in neuro-scientific models of the dynamics between tightening and loosening of neuronal structures. Consequences are drawn for the psychotherapeutic treatment of persons striving for creativity. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,319,861 | 10.1038/s41598-020-79044-0 | 2,020 | Scientific reports | Sci Rep | Towards a neural model of creative evaluation in advertising: an electrophysiological study. | Although it is increasingly recognized that evaluation is a key phase for a two-fold creativity model, the neural model is not yet well understood. To this end, we constructed a theoretical model of creative evaluation and supported it with neural evidence through event-related potentials (ERPs) technology during a creative advertising task. Participants were required to evaluate the relationship between target words and advertising that systematically varied in novelty and usefulness. The ERPs results showed that (a) the novelty-usefulness and novelty-only conditions evoked a larger N1-P2 amplitude, reflecting an automatic attentional bias to novelty, and (b) these two novelty conditions elicited a larger N200-500 amplitude, reflecting an effort to process the novel content; (c) the novelty-usefulness and usefulness-only conditions induced a larger LPC amplitude, reflecting that valuable associations were formed through retrieval of relevant memories. These results propose a neural model of creative evaluation in advertising: the N1-P2, N200-500, and LPC should be the key indices to define three sub-processes of novelty perception, conception expansion, and value selection, respectively. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,316,392 | 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117632 | 2,021 | NeuroImage | Neuroimage | Connectome-based evidence for creative thinking as an emergent property of ordinary cognitive operations. | Creative thinking is a hallmark of human cognition, which enables us to generate novel and useful ideas. Nevertheless, its emergence within the macro-scale neurocognitive circuitry remains largely unknown. Using resting-state fMRI data from two large population samples (SWU: n = 931; HCP: n = 1001) and a novel "travelling pattern prediction analysis", here we identified the modularized functional connectivity patterns linked to creative thinking ability, which concurrently explained individual variability across ordinary cognitive abilities such as episodic memory, working memory and relational processing. Further interrogation of this neural pattern with graph theoretical tools revealed both hub-like brain structures and globally-efficient information transfer paths that together may facilitate higher creative thinking ability through the convergence of distinct cognitive operations. Collectively, our results provide reliable evidence for the hypothesized emergence of creative thinking from core cognitive components through neural integration, and thus allude to a significant theoretical advancement in the study of creativity. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,309,677 | 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107722 | 2,021 | Neuropsychologia | Neuropsychologia | Semantic association ability mediates the relationship between brain structure and human creativity. | Creativity involves the ability to associate relatively weak or distant semantic components and combine them into novel and useful objects. Few studies have explored the brain mechanisms underlying semantic associative ability and its relationship with creativity based on semantic distance. In this study, the chain free association (CFA) task was performed, and semantic distance was quantified to measure individuals' semantic association ability, while the alternative use test (AUT) and creative activity (CAct) tasks were performed to measure creative ability. The behavioral results revealed a significant positive correlation between semantic distance and creativity. The voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis found the neural structural basis of semantic distance. Indeed, semantic distance was positively correlated with the gray matter volume (GMV) of the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus (LpITG), which is associated with visual word learning, semantic knowledge retrieval, and semantic memory, in addition to divergent thinking and creative traits. A mediation analysis showed semantic distance mediate the relationship between the regional GMV of LpITG and human creativity. Effectively, highly creative individuals with high regional GMV in LpITG were observed to have higher capacity of spontaneous association process. These findings shed light on the dedication of the brain areas related to remote semantic connectivity to creative thinking via individuals' spontaneous semantic association ability. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,286,055 | 10.3390/e22030281 | 2,020 | Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) | Entropy (Basel) | Human Creativity and Consciousness: Unintended Consequences of the Brain's Extraordinary Energy Efficiency? | It is proposed that both human creativity and human consciousness are (unintended) consequences of the human brain's extraordinary energy efficiency. The topics of creativity and consciousness are treated separately, though have a common sub-structure. It is argued that creativity arises from a synergy between two cognitive modes of the human brain (which broadly coincide with Kahneman's Systems 1 and 2). In the first, available energy is spread across a relatively large network of neurons, many of which are small enough to be susceptible to thermal (ultimately quantum decoherent) noise. In the second, available energy is focussed on a smaller subset of larger neurons whose action is deterministic. Possible implications for creative computing in silicon are discussed. Starting with a discussion of the concept of free will, the notion of consciousness is defined in terms of an awareness of what are perceived to be nearby counterfactual worlds in state space. It is argued that such awareness arises from an interplay between memories on the one hand, and quantum physical mechanisms (where, unlike in classical physics, nearby counterfactual worlds play an indispensable dynamical role) in the ion channels of neural networks, on the other. As with the brain's susceptibility to noise, it is argued that in situations where quantum physics plays a role in the brain, it does so for reasons of energy efficiency. As an illustration of this definition of consciousness, a novel proposal is outlined as to why quantum entanglement appears to be so counter-intuitive. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,284,171 | 10.1097/CEH.0000000000000321 | 2,020 | The Journal of continuing education in the health professions | J Contin Educ Health Prof | Journal Club Using Virtual Breakout Rooms: Interactive Continuing Education with No Learner Preparation During COVID-19. | As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors rapidly transitioned an in-person, learner-led medical education journal club (MEJC) to the virtual environment. The "interactive, no-prep" approach, using breakout rooms within a videoconferencing system, required no prior learner preparation. From March to May 2020, learners were invited to participate in a monthly 60-minute virtual MEJC. A needs assessment survey informed article selection. Facilitators developed a presentation to provide background and describe the article's research question(s). In breakout groups, learners generated study designs to answer the research question(s). After the actual study methodology and results were revealed, learners engaged in facilitated open discussion. After the session, learners completed an electronic survey to rate perceived usefulness and suggest improvement areas. A total of 15 learners participated; most completed the survey (13/15; 87%). The MEJC was rated as very or extremely useful. Qualitative feedback indicated that it was convenient, allowed creativity, and enabled rich discussion without prior preparation. When possible, improvement suggestions were implemented. The authors offer an evidence-based MEJC approach that is free, interactive with virtual breakout rooms and requires no prior learner preparation. Early indicators suggest that others navigating the COVID-19 crisis may want to implement this approach. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,284,079 | 10.1162/jocn_a_01658 | 2,021 | Journal of cognitive neuroscience | J Cogn Neurosci | Creative Connections: Computational Semantic Distance Captures Individual Creativity and Resting-State Functional Connectivity. | Recent studies of creative cognition have revealed interactions between functional brain networks involved in the generation of novel ideas; however, the neural basis of creativity is highly complex and presents a great challenge in the field of cognitive neuroscience, partly because of ambiguity around how to assess creativity. We applied a novel computational method of verbal creativity assessment-semantic distance-and performed weighted degree functional connectivity analyses to explore how individual differences in assembly of resting-state networks are associated with this objective creativity assessment. To measure creative performance, a sample of healthy adults ( = 175) completed a battery of divergent thinking (DT) tasks, in which they were asked to think of unusual uses for everyday objects. Computational semantic models were applied to calculate the semantic distance between objects and responses to obtain an objective measure of DT performance. All participants underwent resting-state imaging, from which we computed voxel-wise connectivity matrices between all gray matter voxels. A linear regression analysis was applied between DT and weighted degree of the connectivity matrices. Our analysis revealed a significant connectivity decrease in the visual-temporal and parietal regions, in relation to increased levels of DT. Link-level analyses showed higher local connectivity within visual regions was associated with lower DT, whereas projections from the precuneus to the right inferior occipital and temporal cortex were positively associated with DT. Our results demonstrate differential patterns of resting-state connectivity associated with individual creative thinking ability, extending past work using a new application to automatically assess creativity via semantic distance. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,262,696 | 10.3389/fnhum.2020.576114 | 2,020 | Frontiers in human neuroscience | Front Hum Neurosci | The Relationships Between Trait Creativity and Resting-State EEG Microstates Were Modulated by Self-Esteem. | Numerous studies find that creativity is not only associated with low effort and flexible processes but also associated with high effort and persistent processes especially when defensive behavior is induced by negative emotions. The important role of self-esteem is to buffer negative emotions, and individuals with low self-esteem are prone to instigating various forms of defensive behaviors. Thus, we thought that the relationships between trait creativity and executive control brain networks might be modulated by self-esteem. The resting-state electroencephalogram (RS-EEG) microstates can be divided into four classical types (MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS4), which can reflect the brain networks as well as their dynamic characteristic. Thus, the Williams Creative Tendency Scale (WCTS) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES) were used to investigate the modulating role of self-esteem on the relationships between trait creativity and the RS-EEG microstates. As our results showed, self-esteem consistently modulated the relationships between creativity and the duration and contribution of MS2 related to visual or imagery processing, the occurrence of MS3 related to cingulo-opercular networks, and transitions between MS2 and MS4, which were related to frontoparietal control networks. Based on these results, we thought that trait creativity was related to the executive control of bottom-up processing for individuals with low self-esteem, while the bottom-up information from vision or visual imagery might be related to trait creativity for individuals with high self-esteem. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,259,152 | 10.1111/jnu.12611 | 2,021 | Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing | J Nurs Scholarsh | Understanding Digital Health Technologies Using Mind Maps. | The purpose of this project was to explore digital health technologies in the healthcare environment through the use of concept and mind mapping tools in a graduate level informatics practicum course. This descriptive course evaluation project was conducted at a large university school of nursing during the 2019-2020 academic year and included a convenience sample of 163 doctor of nursing practice students. Students completed four major deliverables exploring digital health technologies and data sources using mind maps. Project goals were evaluated using detailed rubrics and data from a course evaluation questionnaire (CEQ) then analyzed using descriptive statistics. Comments from the CEQ and reflection documents were reviewed for themes and validated by two experts. The variety and creativity of the mind maps along with student comments indicated their ability to apply critical thinking skills to the specific content and technologies being examined. Overall CEQ mean scores were high (M = 4.35), indicating that the mind mapping deliverables were logical, relevant, appropriate, and meaningful to learning. Nurse educators and healthcare professionals should consider using mind mapping techniques because this venue allows for expanded understanding of the complexities of the healthcare environment and integration of related digital health technologies. The recent pandemic highlighted the necessity for new technologies to continue providing patient care services. Mind maps are a fast and economical tool for understanding and prioritizing the needs of an organization as well as a unique teaching strategy to promote critical thinking and sharing of ideas related to digital health technologies. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,254,505 | 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110184 | 2,020 | Medical hypotheses | Med Hypotheses | The value of visioning: Augmenting EMDR with alpha-band alternating bilateral photic stimulation for trauma treatment in schizophrenia. | The value of addressing trauma-related issues in psychosis with therapies such as ṇEMDR is being increasingly recognised. The hypothesis of this paper is that augmentation of EMDR with alternating bilateral photic stimulation (ABPS) is especially suited to those on the schizotypal spectrum. Not only does Alternating Bilateral Photic Stimulation (ABPS) at alpha frequencies (8-12 Hz) directly compensate EEG deficits of schizophrenia by photic driving, it also stimulates pseudo-hallucinatory visual imagery (visions) and a waking dream state. In contrast to the REM-sleep state, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex remains activated during the flicker-induced waking dream and its functions of reflective thought and insight are preserved. Recent EEG and neuroimaging studies are providing empirical support for the long-held conjecture that psychosis is caused by a conflation of REM-sleep / dreaming and waking states. Llewellyn's theory of de-differentiation between sleep-dreaming and waking accounts for both the creativity and psychopathology of the schizotypy spectrum. It is hypothesised that flicker-induced hypnagogic imagery reinforces the EMDR mechanism of action proposed by Stickgold, namely facilitation of memory integration during sleep, by creating greater linkage between EMDR therapy and dreaming. With ABPS-induced visioning EMDR progresses seamlessly from initial targeting of trauma and adversity to desensitisation of emotionally-charged brain-disturbing material related to identity, selfhood, and embodiment. Desensitisation of the affect allows the self-regulatory dynamics of sleep-dreaming to restore embodied selfhood by an integrative process of resynchronisation. This in turn leads to re-differentiation of waking embodiment from dream-embodiment. Evolutionary theories as to the aetiology of the schizotypy spectrum are positing a genetic origin in indigenous shamanic religions which are based on visioning ability. Patients with schizophrenia score better than normal controls on vividness of visual imagery and ability to generate, inspect, and manipulate mental images. Self-help EMDR glasses can be provided to patients for long-term regular practice of ABPS-induced visioning. It is proposed that many on the schizotypal spectrum, including some at the severe end, can improve and maintain their mental health by the regular practice of ABPS-induced visioning, and thereby transition progressively over time from negative to positive schizotypy. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,252,953 | 10.1037/amp0000698 | 2,020 | The American psychologist | Am Psychol | Fernando González Rey (1949-2019). | Memorializes Fernando González Rey (1949-2019). González Rey was a Cuban psychologist, scholar, and educator whose intellectual legacy offers a new, complex, and influential understanding of subjectivity from a cultural-historical standpoint. He published 38 books, more than 80 book chapters, and 135 scientific articles published in five languages (Spanish, Portuguese, English, Russian, and French). His work is characterized by its breadth, depth, and creativity and contributes mainly to the fields of cultural-historical psychology, qualitative research, education, psychotherapy, and human health. In 2000, after spending 4 years as a visiting professor at the University of Brasilia, for political reasons he was prevented from returning to Cuba, as he wished. He was also removed from the Cuban Communist Party. In this process, he was forced to settle in Brazil. Along with his academic partner and wife, Albertina Mitjáns Martínez, he then worked in various Brazilian universities, having the University Center of Brasilia as his main workplace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved). | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,247,604 | 10.1111/bjep.12388 | 2,021 | The British journal of educational psychology | Br J Educ Psychol | Student engagement with school and personality: a biopsychosocial and person-centred approach. | Engagement with school is a key predictor of students' academic outcomes, yet little is known about its association with personality. No research has considered this association using Cloninger's biopsychosocial model of personality. This model may be particularly informative because it posits the structure of human personality corresponds to three systems of human learning and memory that regulate associative conditioning, intentionality, and self-awareness, all of which are relevant for understanding engagement. To test for defined personality phenotypes and describe how they relate to student engagement. 469 adolescents (54.2% female) attending the eighth (M = 13.2, SD = .57) or 11 (M = 16.5, SD = .84) grades. Students completed self-report measures of personality and engagement. We used mixture models to identify latent classes defined by common (1) temperament profiles, (2) character profiles, and (3) joint temperament-character networks, and then tested how these classes differed in engagement. Latent class analysis revealed three distinct joint temperament-character networks: Emotional-Unreliable (emotionally reactive, low self-control, and low creativity), Organized-Reliable (self-control but not creative), and Creative-Reliable (highly creative and prosocial). These networks differed significantly in engagement, with the emotional-unreliable network linked to lower engagement. However, the magnitudes of these differences across engagement dimensions did not appear to be uniform. Different integrated configurations of the biopsychosocial systems for associative conditioning, intentionality, and self-awareness (differences in personality) underlie student engagement. Our results offer a fine-grained understanding of engagement dimensions in terms of their underlying personality networks, with implications for educational policies and practices. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,246,454 | 10.1186/s12913-020-05954-4 | 2,020 | BMC health services research | BMC Health Serv Res | The impact of individual creativity, psychological capital, and leadership autonomy support on hospital employees' innovative behaviour. | There is growing interest in and focus on healthcare services research to identify factors associated with innovation in healthcare organizations. However, previous innovation research has concentrated primarily on the organizational level. In contrast, this study focuses on innovation by individual employees. The specific aim is to examine factors with potential impact on individual employee innovation in hospital organizations. Thus, the study significantly deepens and broadens previous research on innovation in the domain of health services. A conceptual model was developed and tested on a sample of hospital employees (n = 1008). Partial least-squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data with SmartPLS 3 software in two steps involving a measurement model and a structural model. Mediation analysis was used to test the proposed indirect effects. Hospital employees' individual innovative behaviour is directly and positively associated with individual creativity (β = 0.440), psychological capital (β = 0.34) and leadership autonomy support (β = 0.07). The relationships between leadership autonomy support, psychological capital and individual innovative behaviour are all mediated by employees' creativity. Psychological capital mediates the relationship between leadership autonomy support and individual innovative behaviour. Overall, the proposed model explains 50% of the variance in hospital employees' innovative behaviour. This study reveals a complex pattern of links between innovative behaviour and leadership autonomy support, employees' creativity and employees' psychological capital. However, the findings indicate that leadership autonomy support has an influential and multifaceted impact on hospital employees' innovative behaviour. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |
33,228,487 | 10.1177/1542305020961997 | 2,020 | The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC | J Pastoral Care Counsel | COVID-19: No Distinction for Children's Spiritual Growth. | COVID-19 cannot rob us of our ability to perform our ministry for children. As adults and ministers, we can show our support for the spiritual growth of children. COVID-19 has not deprived us of our creativity in praise, telling of God's love, prayers, and support for all the children and parents. COVID-19 has not defeated our spiritual life. | CognitiveConstruct | Creativity |