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ููู
ููุนูููู ุฐูู ุนู ุฃู ุชููู ุฐุงุชู ุจุฑูุฆุฉ ุนู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ูุง ุชูุณุฏ ูุชุจูู ูู ุจุฐูู ุฃู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูุณู
ุงููุฉ ุฃููู ุจุฐูู ูุนูู
ุฃููุง ุชุนุฑู ุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงููุงุฌุจ ุงููุฌูุฏ ูุชุดุงูุฏ ุนูู ุงูุฏูุงู
ุจุงููุนูุ ูุฃู ุงูุนูุงุฆู ุงูุชู ูุทุนุช ุจู ูู ุนู ุฏูุงู
ุงูู
ุดุงูุฏุฉ ู
ู ุงูุนูุงุฑุถ ุงูู
ุญุณูุณุฉ ูุง ููุฌุฏ ู
ุซููุง ููุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูุณู
ุงููุฉ | His inadequacy did not prevent his true being from standing independent of all physical things and incorruptible. Clearly the heavenly bodies must be all the more so. Thus Hayy knew that they would know the Necessarily Existent and that their awareness of Him would be continuously actual since they are not subject to such hindrances as the sensory distractions that interrupted his own contemplation |
ุซู
ุฅูู ุจุนุฏ ุฐูู ูุธุฑ ุฅูู ุงูููุงูุจ ูุงูุฃููุงู ูุฑุขูุง ูููุง ู
ูุชุธู
ุฉ ุงูุญุฑูุงุช ุฌุงุฑูุฉ ุนูู ูุณู ูุฑุขูุง ุดูุงูุฉ ูู
ุถูุฆุฉ ุจุนูุฏุฉ ุนู ูุจูู ุงูุชุบููุฑ ูุงููุณุงุฏ ูุญุฏุณ ุญุฏุณูุง ูููููุง ุฃู ููุง ุฐูุงุช ุณูู ุฃุฌุณุงู
ูุง ุชุนุฑู ุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงููุงุฌุจ ุงููุฌูุฏ ูุฃู ุชูู ุงูุฐูุงุช ุงูุนุงุฑูุฉ ููุณุช ุจุฃุฌุณุงู
ููุง ู
ูุทุจุนุฉ ูู ุฃุฌุณุงู
ู
ุซู ุฐุงุชู ูู ุงูุนุงุฑูุฉุ ูููู ูุง ูููู ููุง ู
ุซู ุชูู ุงูุฐูุงุช ุงูุจุฑูุฆุฉ ุนู ุงูุฌุณู
ุงููุฉ ููููู ูู
ุซูู ุนูู ู
ุง ุจู ู
ู ุงูุถุนู ูุดุฏุฉ ุงูุงุญุชูุงุฌ ุฅูู ุงูุฃู
ูุฑ ุงูู
ุญุณูุณุฉุ ูุฃูู ู
ู ุฌู
ูุฉ ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงููุงุณุฏุฉ ูู
ุน ู
ุง ุจู ู
ู ุงูููุต | He looked to the stars and spheres then, seeing how all circled in an ordered array of rhythmic motion. They were diaphanous and luminous, far above all change and decay, and he made a strong surmise that they too had identities apart from their bodies, identities which knew this necessarily existent being and were neither physical nor imprints on anything physical. How could they not have such identities, free of all that is bodily, when, with all his weakness, his desperate dependence on sensory things, and despite the fact that he lived among decaying bodies, even he had such a self |
ูุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุงูุฃูู
ู ุฅุฏุฑุงููุง ูู
ูุตู ุฅูู ูุฐู ุงูู
ุนุฑูุฉ ูุงูุฃููุต ุฅุฏุฑุงููุง ุฃุญุฑู ุฃู ูุง ูุตู ู
ุน ุฃูู ุฑุฃู ุฃูุถูุง ุฃู ุฃูุนุงู ุงููุจุงุช ูููุง ูุง ุชุชุนุฏู ุงูุบุฐุงุก ูุงูุชูููุฏ | If animals whose apprehension is the better and more complete, are incapable of reaching this level of consciousness, then beings whose perception is stunted are all the further removed from such an attainment. After all, the whole of plant functioning goes no further than nutrition and reproduction |
ููู
ุง ุญูู
ุนูู ุฐูู ุจุงูุญููุงู ุนูู
ุฃู ุงูุญูู
ุนูู ุงููุจุงุช ุฃูููุ ุฅุฐ ููุณ ูููุจุงุช ู
ู ุงูุฅุฏุฑุงูุงุช ุฅูุง ุจุนุถ ู
ุง ููุญููุงู | Having judged this to be true of animals, Hayy recognized that it would be all the more so with plants, which have only a fraction of the avenues of perception open to animals |
ููู
ูุฑู ุดูุฆูุง ู
ููุง ููุญุฑู ุนู ูุฐุง ุงูุฑุฃู ููุง ูุณุนู ูุบูุฑู ูู ููุช ู
ู ุงูุฃููุงุชุ ูุจุงู ูู ุจุฐูู ุฃููุง ูู
ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ููุง ุงุดุชุงูุช ุฅููู ููุง ุชุนุฑูุช ุฅููู ุจูุฌู ู
ู ุงููุฌููุ ูุฃููุง ูููุง ุตุงุฆุฑุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุนุฏู
ุฃู ุฅูู ุญุงู ุดุจูู ุจุงูุนุฏู
| Not one could be seen to diverge from the pattern or ever strive toward anything else. Apparently, then, none of them was aware of this Being, desired Him, or had any notion of Him. All of them would turn to nothing, or next to nothing |
ูุฑุขูุง ูููุง ุฅูู
ุง ุชุณุนู ูู ุชุญุตูู ุบุฐุงุฆูุง ูู
ูุชุถู ุดููุงุชูุง ู
ู ุงูู
ุทุนูู
ูุงูู
ุดุฑูุจ ูุงูู
ูููุญ ูุงูุงุณุชุธูุงู ูุงูุงุณุชุฏูุงุก ูุชุฌุฏูู ูู ุฐูู ููููุง ูููุงุฑูุง ุฅูู ุญูู ู
ู
ุงุชูุง ูุงููุถุงุก ู
ุฏุชูุง | But all animals, he saw, struggled day and night simply getting enough to eat, satisfying their appetites for food, water, mates, shade, and shelter, until their span of time was up and they died |
ูุณุงุกู ุญุงูู ุฐูู ูุฃุนูุงุก ุงูุฏูุงุก. ูุฌุนู ูุชุตูุญ ุฃููุงุน ุงูุญููุงูุงุช ูููุง ูููุธุฑ ุฃูุนุงููุง ูู
ุง ุชุณุนู ููู ูุนูู ููุธุฑ ูู ุจุนุถูุง ุฃููุง ุดุนุฑุช ุจูุฐุง ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ูุฌุนูุช ุชุณุนู ูุญูู ููุชุนูู
ู
ููุง ู
ุง ูููู ุณุจุจ ูุฌุงุชู | The malady was grave, and he did not know the cure. Hayy went back over all the animal species, checking all their doings and strivings to see whether he might not find one that was aware of this Being and made Him its goal, to learn from it how to save himself |
ููุงู ููุงุฒู
ุงูููุฑุฉ ูู ุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุณุงุนุฉ ูู
ุง ูู ุฅูุง ุฃู ูุณูุญ ูุจุตุฑู ู
ุญุณูุณ ู
ุง ู
ู ุงูู
ุญุณูุณุงุช ุฃู ูุฎุฑู ุณู
ุนู ุตูุช ุจุนุถ ุงูุญููุงู ุฃู ูุชุนุฑุถู ุฎูุงู ู
ู ุงูุฎูุงูุงุช ุฃู ููุงูู ุฃูู
ูู ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุนุถุงุฆู ุฃู ูุตูุจู ุงูุฌูุน ุฃู ุงูุนุทุด ุฃู ุงูุจุฑุฏ ุฃู ุงูุญุฑ ุฃู ูุญุชุงุฌ ุงูููุงู
ูุฏูุน ูุถููู ูุชุฎุชู ููุฑุชู ููุฒูู ุนู
ุง ูุงู ููู ููุชุนุฐุฑ ุนููู ุงูุฑุฌูุน ุฅูู ู
ุง ูุงู ุนููู ู
ู ุญุงู ุงูู
ุดุงูุฏุฉ ุฅูุง ุจุนุฏ ุฌูุฏ. ููุงู ูุฎุงู ุฃู ุชูุฌุฃู ู
ููุชู ููู ูู ุญุงู ุงูุฅุนุฑุงุถ ูููุถู ุฅูู ุงูุดูุงุก ุงูุฏุงุฆู
ูุฃูู
ุงูุญุฌุงุจ | He would concentrate on that Being for a time, but as soon as he did some sensory thing would present itself to view, some animal cry would split his ears, some image would dart across his mind, he would feel a pain somewhere, or get hungry or thirsty or hot or cold, or have to get up to relieve himself. His thoughts would be disrupted, and he would lose what he had begun to reach. It was impossible for him to recapture the experience without tremendous effort; and he feared death might surprise him in a moment of distraction, leaving him to sink into the everlasting misery and torment of deprivation |
ููู
ุง ุชุจูููู ูู ุฃู ูู
ุงู ุฐุงุชู ููุฐุชูุง ุฅูู
ุง ูู ุจู
ุดุงูุฏุฉ ุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงููุงุฌุจ ุงููุฌูุฏ ุนูู ุงูุฏูุงู
ู
ุดุงูุฏุฉู ุจุงููุนู ุฃุจุฏูุง ุญุชู ูุง ูุนุฑุถ ุนูู ุทุฑูุฉ ุนููุ ููู ุชูุงููู ู
ููุชู ููู ูู ุญุงู ุงูู
ุดุงูุฏุฉ ุจุงููุนูุ ูุชุชุตู ูุฐุชู ุฏูู ุฃู ูุชุฎูููุง ุฃูู
. ุซู
ุฌุนู ูุชููููุฑ ููู ูุชุฃุชู ูู ุฏูุงู
ูุฐู ุงูู
ุดุงูุฏุฉ ุจุงููุนู ุญุชู ูุง ููุน ู
ูู ุฅุนุฑุงุถ | Seeing that self-realization and happiness meant constant actual experience of the Necessarily Existent, turning away not for an instant so that when death came it would find him rapt in ecstasy and the continuity of his delight would remain unbroken by pain, Hayy considered how he might maintain continuous, actual awareness without distraction |
ูุฃู
ุง ู
ูู ุชุนุฑููู ุจูุฐุง ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงููุงุฌุจ ุงููุฌูุฏ ูุจู ุฃู ููุงุฑู ุงูุจุฏูุ ูุฃูุจู ุจูููููุชู ุนููู ูุงูุชุฒู
ุงูููุฑุฉ ูู ุฌูุงูู ูุญุณูู ูุจูุงุฆู ููู
ูุนุฑุถ ุนูู ุญุชู ูุงูุชู ู
ููุชูุ ููุฐุง ุนูู ุญุงู ู
ู ุงูุฅูุจุงู ูุงูู
ุดุงูุฏุฉ ุจุงููุนูุ ููุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ูุงุฑู ุงูุจุฏู ุจูู ูู ูุฐุฉ ูุง ููุงูุฉ ููุง ูุบุจุทุฉ ูุณุฑูุฑ ููุฑุญ ุฏุงุฆู
ูุงุชุตุงู ู
ุดุงูุฏุชู ูุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงููุงุฌุจ ุงููุฌูุฏ ูุณูุงู
ุฉ ุชูู ุงูู
ุดุงูุฏุฉ ู
ู ุงููุฏุฑ ูุงูุดูุงุฆุจุ ููุฒูู ุนูู ู
ุง ุชูุชุถูู ูุฐู ุงูููู ุงูุฌุณู
ุงููุฉ ู
ู ุงูุฃู
ูุฑ ุงูุญุณูุฉ ุงูุชู ูู โ ุจุงูุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅูู ุชูู ุงูุญุงู โ ุขูุงู
ูุดุฑูุฑ ูุนูุงุฆู | If he knows the Necessarily Existent before departing the body, and turns to Him with his whole being, fastens his thoughts on His goodness, beauty, and majesty, never turning away until death overtakes him, turned toward Him in the midst of actual experience, then on leaving the body, he will live on in infinite joy, bliss, and delight, happiness unbroken because his experience of the Necessarily Existent will be unbroken and no longer marred by the demands of the bodily powers for sensory thingsโwhich alongside this ecstasy are encumbrances, irritants and evils |
ูุฅู
ุง ุฃู ูููู ูุจู ุฐูู โ ูู ู
ุฏุฉ ุชุตุฑููู ููุจุฏู โ ูุฏ ุชุนุฑู ุจูุฐุง ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ูุนูู
ู
ุง ูู ุนููู ู
ู ุงููู
ุงู ูุงูุนุธู
ุฉ ูุงูุณูุทุงู ูุงูุญุณู ุฅูุง ุฃูู ุฃุนุฑุถ ุนูู ูุงุชุจุน ููุงู ุญุชู ูุงูุชู ู
ููุชู ููู ุนูู ุชูู ุงูุญุงู ููุญุฑู
ุงูู
ุดุงูุฏุฉ ูุนูุฏู ุงูุดูู ุฅูููุง ููุจูู ูู ุนุฐุงุจ ุทููู ูุขูุงู
ูุง ููุงูุฉ ููุง. ูุฅู
ุง ุฃู ูุชุฎูููุต ู
ู ุชูู ุงูุขูุงู
ุจุนุฏ ุฌูุฏ ุทููู ููุดุงูุฏ ู
ุง ุชุดูููู ุฅููู ูุจู ุฐููุ ูุฅู
ุง ุฃู ูุจูู ูู ุขูุงู
ู ุจูุงุกู ุณุฑู
ุฏูููุง ุจุญุณุจ ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏู ููู ูุงุญุฏ ู
ู ุงููุฌููู ูู ุญูุงุชู ุงูุฌุณู
ุงููุฉ | If, while in charge of the body, he has encountered this Being and learned of His goodness but turned away to follow his own passions, until death overtook him in the midst of such a life, depriving him of the experience he has learned to long for, he will endure prolonged agony and infinite pain, either escaping the torture at last, after an immense struggle, to witness once again what he yearned for, or remaining forever in torment, depending on which direction he tended toward in his bodily life |
ูุฃู
ุง ุฌู
ูุน ุงูููู ุงูุฌุณู
ุงููุฉ ูุฅููุง ุชุจุทู ุจุจุทูุงู ุงูุฌุณู
ููุง ุชุดุชุงู ุฃูุถูุง ุฅูู ู
ูุชุถูุงุช ุชูู ุงูููู ููุง ุชุญู ุฅูููุง ููุง ุชุชุฃูู
ูููุฏูุง. ููุฐู ุญุงู ุงูุจูุงุฆู
ุบูุฑ ุงููุงุทูุฉ ูููุงุ ุณูุงุก ูุงูุช ู
ู ุตูุฑุฉ ุงูุฅูุณุงู ุฃู ูู
ุชูู | His bodily powers will go to ruin with the body, and thus make no more demands or miss the objects of their cravings now that they are gone. This is the fate of all dumb animalsโ even those of human form |
ูุชุจูู ูู ุฃู ุงูุดูุก ุงูุฐู ุจู ูุชูุตู ุฅูู ุฅุฏุฑุงูู ุฃู
ุฑ ูุง ูุดุจู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ููุง ููุณุฏ ููุณุงุฏูุง ูุธูุฑ ูู ุจุฐูู ุฃู ู
ู ูุงูุช ูู ู
ุซู ูุฐู ุงูุฐุงุช ุงูู
ุนุฏุฉ ูู
ุซู ูุฐุง ุงูุฅุฏุฑุงู ูุฅูู ุฅุฐุง ุฃูุทุฑุญ ุงูุจุฏู ุจุงูู
ูุช ูุฅู
ุง ุฃู ูููู ูุจู ุฐูู โ ูู ู
ุฏุฉ ุชุตุฑููู ููุจุฏู โ ูู
ูุชุนุฑู ูุท ุจูุฐุง ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงููุงุฌุจ ุงููุฌูุฏ ููุง ุงุชุตู ุจู ููุง ุณู
ุน ุนููุ ููุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ูุงุฑู ุงูุจุฏู ูุง ูุดุชุงู ุฅูู ุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ููุง ูุชุฃูู
ูููุฏู | He also knew that what in him had allowed him to apprehend this Being was unlike bodies and would not decay as they did. From this he saw that, leaving the body at death, anyone with an identity like his own, capable of awareness such as he possessed, must undergo one of these three fates If, while in command of the body, he has not known the Necessarily Existent, never confronted Him or heard of Him, then on leaving the body he will neither long for this Being nor mourn His loss |
ููุฏ ูุงู ุชุจูู ูู ุฃู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงููุงุฌุจ ุงููุฌูุฏ ู
ุชุตู ุจุฃูุตุงู ุงููู
ุงู ูููุง ูู
ูุฒู ุนู ุตูุงุช ุงูููุต ูุจุฑูุก ู
ููุง | Hayy had already realized that while He transcends all privations, every attribute of perfection can be applied to the Necessarily Existent |
ูุฅู ูุงู ูู ุงูุฃุดูุงุก ุดูุก ูุง ููุงูุฉ ููู
ุงูู ููุง ุบุงูุฉ ูุญุณูู ูุฌู
ุงูู ูุจูุงุฆู ููู ููู ุงููู
ุงู ูุงูุจูุงุก ูุงูุฌู
ุงู ูููุณ ูู ุงููุฌูุฏ ูู
ุงู ููุง ุญุณู ููุง ุจูุงุก ููุง ุฌู
ุงู ุฅูุง ุตุงุฏุฑ ู
ู ุฌูุชู ููุงุฆุถ ู
ู ููุจูู ูู
ู ููุฏ ุฅุฏุฑุงู ุฐูู ุงูุดูุก ุจุนุฏ ุฃู ุชุนุฑู ุจู ููุง ู
ุญุงูุฉ ุฃูู ู
ุง ุฏุงู
ูุงูุฏูุง ูู ูููู ูู ุขูุงู
ูุง ููุงูุฉ ููุง ูู
ุง ุฃู ู
ู ูุงู ู
ุฏุฑููุง ูู ุนูู ุงูุฏูุงู
ูุฅูู ูููู ูู ูุฐุฉ ูุง ุงููุตุงู
ููุงุ ูุบุจุทุฉ ูุง ุบุงูุฉ ูุฑุงุกูุง ูุจูุฌุฉ ูุณุฑูุฑ ูุง ููุงูุฉ ููู
ุง | If there is a Being Whose perfection is infinite, Whose splendor and goodness know no bounds, Who is beyond perfection, goodness, and beauty, a Being such that no perfection, no goodness, no beauty, no splendor does not flow from Him, then to lose hold of such a Being, and having known Him to be unable to find Him must mean infinite torture as long as He is not found. Likewise to preserve constant awareness of Him is to know joy without lapse, unending bliss, infinite rapture and delight |
ููุฐูู ูู ูุงุญุฏุฉ ู
ู ูุฐู ุงูููู ุชููู ู
ุฏุฑูุฉ ุจุงูููุฉ ูุชููู ู
ุฏุฑูุฉ ุจุงููุนูุ ููู ูุงุญุฏุฉ ู
ู ูุฐู ุงูููู ุฅู ูุงูุช ูู
ุชุฏุฑู ูุท ุจุงููุนู ููู ู
ุง ุฏุงู
ุช ุจุงูููุฉ ูุง ุชุชุดูู ุฅูู ุฅุฏุฑุงู ุงูุดูุก ุงูู
ุฎุตูุต ุจูุง ูุฃููุง ูู
ุชุชุนุฑู ุจู ุจุนุฏูุ ู
ุซู ู
ูู ุฎููู ู
ูููู ุงูุจุตุฑุ ูุฅู ูุงูุช ูุฏ ุฃุฏุฑูุช ุจุงููุนู ุชุงุฑุฉู ุซู
ุตุงุฑุช ุจุงูููุฉ ูุฅููุง ู
ุง ุฏุงู
ุช ุจุงูููุฉ ุชุดุชุงู ุฅูู ุงูุฅุฏุฑุงู ุจุงููุนู ูุฃููุง ูุฏ ุชุนุฑูุช ุฅูู ุงูู
ุฏุฑู ูุชุนููุช ุจู ูุญูููุช ุฅููู ู
ุซู ู
ู ูุงู ูุตูุฑูุง ุซู
ุนู
ู ูุฅูู ูุง ูุฒุงู ูุดุชุงู ุฅูู ุงูู
ุจุตุฑุงุช | The same holds for all these faculties, they all work either actually or potentially. Any faculty of apprehension which at no time actually perceives but remains forever potential, never desiring to grasp its appropriate object because that object has never been encountered by it, is like a man born blind. If such a faculty actually does perceive for a time and then relapses into potentiality', but even in the potential state still yearns for actual perception, since it has known its proper object and grown fond of it, then it is like a sighted man gone blind who still longs for what he used to see |
ููู ุญุงู ูุชุญูุง ูุงุณุชูุจุงููุง ููู
ุจุตุฑ ุชููู ู
ุฏุฑูุฉ ุจุงููุนูุ ูู
ุนูู ู
ุฏุฑูุฉ ุจุงููุนู ุฃููุง ุงูุขู ุชุฏุฑู | When open and turned toward its object, it actually sees. โSeeing actuallyโ means seeing now |
ููู
ุง ุซุจุช ูู ุฃู ุฐุงุชู ุงูุญููููุฉ ูุง ูู
ูู ูุณุงุฏูุง ุฃุฑุงุฏ ุฃู ูุนูู
ููู ูููู ุญุงููุง ุฅุฐุง ุทุฑุญุช ุงูุจุฏู ูุชุฎูุช ุนูู ููุฏ ูุงู ุชุจูููู ูู ุฃููุง ูุง ุชุทุฑุญู ุฅูุง ุฅุฐุง ูู
ูุตูุญ ุขูุฉ ููุงุ ูุชุตูุญ ุฌู
ูุน ุงูููู ุงูู
ุฏุฑูุฉ ูุฑุฃู ุฃู ูู ูุงุญุฏุฉ ู
ููุง ุชุงุฑุฉู ุชููู ู
ุฏุฑูุฉ ุจุงูููุฉ ูุชุงุฑุฉู ุชููู ู
ุฏุฑูุฉ ุจุงููุนูุ ู
ุซู ุงูุนูู ูู ุญุงู ุชุบู
ูุถูุง ุฃู ุฅุนุฑุงุถูุง ุนู ุงูุจุตุฑ ูุฅููุง ุชููู ู
ุฏุฑูุฉ ุจุงูููุฉุ ูู
ุนูู ู
ุฏุฑูุฉ ุจุงูููุฉ ุฃููุง ูุง ุชุฏุฑู ุงูุขู ูุชุฏุฑู ูู ุงูู
ุณุชูุจู | Satisfied that his true self could not perish, he desired to know what its fate would be once it had freed itself of the body and left it behind. Clearly this being would not abandon the body until no further use could be derived from it as a tool. Hayy surveyed all his powers of perception and saw that each works actually at one time, potentially at another. The eye, for example, when closed or averted from its object still sees potentially. The meaning of โseeing potentiallyโ is that while it is not seeing now, it will in the future |
ูุฃู
ุง ุงูุดูุก ุงูุฐู ููุณ ุจุฌุณู
ููุง ูุญุชุงุฌ ูู ููุงู
ู ุฅูู ุงูุฌุณู
ููู ู
ูุฒู ุจุงูุฌู
ูุฉ ุนู ุงูุฌุณู
ุงููุฉ ููุง ููุชุตูููุฑ ูุณุงุฏู ุงูุจุชุฉ | But the destruction of a nonphysical being which does not depend for its existence on anybody, and which completely transcends the physical, is utterly inconceivable |
ูุฑุฃู ุฃู ุงููุณุงุฏ ูุงูุงุถู
ุญูุงู ุฅูู
ุง ูู ู
ู ุตูุงุช ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุจุฃู ุชุฎูุน ุตูุฑุฉ ูุชูุจุณ ุฃุฎุฑู ู
ุซู ุงูู
ุงุก ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููุงุก ูุงูููุงุก ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ู
ุงุก ูุงููุจุงุช ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุชุฑุงุจูุง ูุงูุชุฑุงุจ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ูุจุงุชูุงุ ูุฐุง ูู ู
ุนูู ุงููุณุงุฏ | Disintegration and decay are, he knew, predicates of physical things indicating simply that they have taken off one form and put on another, as when water turns to air, or air to water, or when plants become soil or ashes, or soil becomes a plant. This is the meaning of breakdown |
ููู
ุง ุนูู
ุฃู ุฐุงุชู ููุณุช ูุฐู ุงูู
ุชุฌุณู
ุฉ ุงูุชู ูุฏุฑููุง ุจุญูุงุณู ููุญูุท ุจูุง ุฃุฏูู
ู ูุงู ุนูุฏู ุจุงูุฌู
ูุฉ ุฌุณู
ู ูุฌุนู ูุชููุฑ ูู ุชูู ุงูุฐุงุช ุงูุดุฑููุฉ ุงูุชู ุฃุฏุฑู ุจูุง ุฐูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงูุดุฑูู ุงููุงุฌุจ ุงููุฌูุฏ ููุธุฑ ูู ุฐุงุชู ุชูู ุงูุดุฑููุฉ ูู ูู
ูู ุฃู ุชุจูุฏ ุฃู ุชูุณุฏ ูุชุถู
ุญู ุฃู ูู ุฏุงุฆู
ุฉ ุงูุจูุงุก | Knowing now that this embodiment, apprehended by the senses and enveloped in the skin was not himself, he thoroughly despised his body and set eagerly to thinking of that higher self by which he had reached an awareness of the sublime Being, Whose existence is necessary. Was it possible that this other, nobler being, which was himself, could perishโor was it everlasting |
ููุฏ ูุงู ุชุจูู ูู ุฃู ุฅุฏุฑุงูู ุจุฐุงุชูุ ูุฑุณุฎุช ุงูู
ุนุฑูุฉ ุจู ุนูุฏูุ ูุชุจูู ูู ุจุฐูู ุฃู ุฐุงุชู ุงูุชู ุฃุฏุฑูู ุจูุง ุฃู
ุฑ ุบูุฑ ุฌุณู
ุงูู ูุง ูุฌูุฒ ุนููู ุดูุก ู
ู ุตูุงุช ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ูุฃู ูู ู
ุง ูุฏุฑูู ู
ู ุธุงูุฑ ุฐุงุชู ู
ู ุงูุฌุณูู
ุงุช ูุฅููุง ููุณุช ุญูููุฉ ุฐุงุชู ูุฅูู
ุง ุญูููุฉ ุฐุงุชู ุฐูู ุงูุดูุก ุงูุฐู ุฃุฏุฑู ุจู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงูู
ุทูู ุงููุงุฌุจ ุงููุฌูุฏ | Hayy had also realized that what had brought him his awareness of this Being would be his true self, and now that his understanding of Him was better, he recognized that this self too, by which he had come to know Him, was non-corporeal and not qualifiable by any physical predicate. The whole outward self, the objective, corporeal being he could perceive, was not his true self; his true identity was that by which he had apprehended the Necessarily Existent |
ููุฏ ุชุจูููู ุฃู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงููุงุฌุจ ุงููุฌูุฏ ุจุฑูุก ู
ู ุตูุงุช ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ู
ู ุฌู
ูุน ุงูุงุชุฌุงูุงุช ูุฅุฐู ูุง ุณุจูู ุฅูู ุฅุฏุฑุงูู ุฅูุง ุจุดูุก ููุณ ุจุฌุณู
ููุง ูู ููุฉ ูู ุฌุณู
ููุง ุชุนูููู ูู ุจูุฌู ู
ู ุงููุฌูู ุจุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ููุง ูู ุฏุงุฎู ูููุง ููุง ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุนููุง ููุง ู
ุชุตู ุจูุง ููุง ู
ููุตู ุนููุง | But it was already quite clear to Hayy that this necessarily existent Being transcends physical attributes in every respect. The only way to apprehend Him, then, must be by some non-physical means, something which is neither a bodily faculty nor in any way bound up with bodyโneither inside nor outside, neither in contact with it nor disjoined from it |
ููุฐู ุงูู
ุฏุฑูุงุช ูููุง ู
ู ุตูุงุช ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ูููุณ ููุฐู ุงูุญูุงุณ ุฅุฏุฑุงู ุดูุก ุณูุงูุงุ ุฐูู ูุฃููุง ูููู ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ูู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ูู
ููุณู
ุฉ ุจุงููุณุงู
ูุง ููู ูุฐูู ูุง ุชุฏุฑู ุฅูุง ุฌุณู
ูุง ู
ููุณู
ูุงุ ูุฃู ูุฐู ุงูููุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูุงูุช ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ูู ุดูุก ู
ููุณู
ููุง ู
ุญุงูุฉ ุฃููุง ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฏุฑูุช ุดูุฆูุง ู
ู ุงูุฃุดูุงุก ูุฅูู ูููุณู
ุจุงููุณุงู
ูุงุ ูุฅุฐู ูู ููุฉ ูู ุฌุณู
ููุง ู
ุญุงูุฉ ุฃููุง ูุง ุชุฏุฑู ุฅูุง ุฌุณู
ูุง ุฃู ู
ุง ูู ูู ุฌุณู
| All these are qualities predicable only of physical things. Only these can be objects of the senses because the senses themselves are powers diffused in material things, and thus divisible with their substrates. The senses, for this reason, can apprehend only divisible objects, that is physical things. For these faculties are spread throughout a divisible thing and their object must be capable of a corresponding division. Thus any faculty in a physical body can apprehend only physical bodies and their attributes |
ููู
ุง ุญุตู ูู ุงูุนูู
ุจูุฐุง ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงูุฑููุน ุงูุซุงุจุช ุงููุฌูุฏ ุงูุฐู ูุง ุณุจุจ ููุฌูุฏูุ ููู ุณุจุจ ููุฌูุฏ ุฌู
ูุน ุงูุฃุดูุงุกุ ุฃุฑุงุฏ ุฃู ูุนูู
ุจุฃู ุดูุก ุญุตู ูู ูุฐุง ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ูุจุฃู ููุฉ ุฃุฏุฑู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุ ูุชุตูุญ ุญูุงุณู ูููุง ููู ุงูุณู
ุน ูุงูุจุตุฑ ูุงูุดู
ูุงูุฐูู ูุงููู
ุณุ ูุฑุฃู ุฃููุง ูุง ุชุฏุฑู ุดูุฆูุง ุฅูุง ุฌุณู
ูุง ุฃู ู
ุง ูู ูู ุงูุฌุณู
ุ ูุฐูู ุฃู ุงูุณู
ุน ุฅูู
ุง ูุฏุฑู ุงูู
ุณู
ูุนุงุช ููู ู
ุง ูุญุฏุซ ู
ู ุชู
ูุฌ ุงูููุงุก ุนูุฏ ุชุตุงุฏู
ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุ ูุงูุจุตุฑ ุฅูู
ุง ูุฏุฑู ุงูุฃููุงูุ ูุงูุดู
ูุฏุฑู ุงูุฑูุงุฆุญุ ูุงูุฐูู ูุฏุฑู ุงูุทุนูู
ูุงููู
ุณ ูุฏุฑู ุงูุฃู
ุฒุฌุฉ ูุงูุตูุงุจุฉ ูุงูููู ูุงูุฎุดููุฉ ูุงูู
ูุงุณุฉุ ููุฐูู ุงูููุฉ ุงูุฎูุงููุฉ ูุง ุชุฏุฑู ุดูุฆูุง ุฅูุง ุฃู ูููู ูู ุทูู ูุนุฑุถ ูุนู
ู | Having gained an awareness of this eternally existing Being, Whose existence is uncaused, but Who is the cause of all existence, Hayy wished to know how this knowledge had come to him. By what power had he apprehended such a being? He counted off his sensesโhearing, sight, smell, taste, and touch. None of these could grasp anything but the physical or the attributes subsisting in it. Hearing catches only sounds which are generated by the vibrating waves of air when bodies strike together. Sight knows only colors; smell, odors; taste, flavors; touch, texturesโhard or soft, rough or smooth. Imagination too can apprehend only things with length, breadth, and depth |
ููุฏ ุฑุณุฎ ูู ููุจู ู
ู ุฃู
ุฑ ุงููุงุนู ู
ุง ุดุบูู ุนู ุงูููุฑุฉ ูู ูู ุดูุก ุฅูุง ูููุ ูุฐูู ุนู
ุง ูุงู ููู ู
ู ุชุตูุญ ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุงุช ูุงูุจุญุซ ุนููุง ุญุชู ุตุงุฑ ุจุญูุซ ูุง ููุน ุจุตุฑู ุนูู ุดูุก ู
ู ุงูุฃุดูุงุก ุฅูุง ููุฑู ููู ุฃุซุฑ ุงูุตูุนุฉ ู
ู ุญูููุ ูููุชูู ุจููุฑู ุนูู ุงูููุฑ ุฅูู ุงูุตุงูุน ููุชุฑู ุงูู
ุตููุนุ ุญุชู ุงุดุชุฏ ุดููู ุฅููู ูุงูุฒุนุฌ ููุจู ุจุงููููุฉ ุนู ุงูุนุงูู
ุงูุฃุฏูู ุงูู
ุญุณูุณุ ูุชุนูู ุจุงูุนุงูู
ุงูุฃุฑูุน ุงูู
ุนููู | By now thought of this Subject was so deeply rooted in his heart that he could think of nothing else. He was distracted from his prior investigation of created being. For now his eye fell on nothing without immediately detecting in it signs of His workmanshipโthen instantly his thoughts would shift from craft to Craftsman, deepening his love of Him, totally detaching his heart from the sensory world, and binding it to the world of mind |
ูุงูุชูุช ุจู ุงูู
ุนุฑูุฉ ุฅูู ูุฐุง ุงูุญุฏ ุนูู ุฑุฃุณ ุฎู
ุณุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูุน ู
ู ู
ูุดุฆู ูุฐูู ุฎู
ุณุฉ ูุซูุงุซูู ุนุงู
ูุง | By the end of his fifth seven-year span, his awareness had brought him to this point. He was thirty-five |
ูู
ุง ุฒุงู ูุชุชุจุน ุตูุงุช ุงููู
ุงู ูููุง ููุฑุงูุง ูู ูุตุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนูู ููุฑู ุฃูู ุฃุญู ุจูุง ู
ู ูู ู
ุง ููุตู ุจูุง ุฏููู. ูุชุชุจุน ุตูุงุช ุงูููุต ูููุง ูุฑุขู ุจุฑูุฆูุง ู
ููุง ูู
ูุฒููููุง ุนููุงุ ูููู ูุง ูููู ุจุฑูุฆูุง ู
ููุง ูููุณ ู
ุนูู ุงูููุต ุฅูุง ุงูุนุฏู
ุงูู
ุญุถ ุฃู ู
ุง ูุชุนูู ุจุงูุนุฏู
ุ ูููู ูููู ููุนุฏู
ุชุนูู ุฃู ุชูุจุณ ุจู
ู ูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุงูู
ุญุถ ุงููุงุฌุจ ุงููุฌูุฏ ุจุฐุงุชู ุงูู
ุนุทู ูู ุฐู ูุฌูุฏ ูุฌูุฏูุ ููุง ูุฌูุฏ ุฅูุง ููุ ููู ุงููุฌูุฏ ููู ุงููู
ุงู ููู ุงูุชู
ุงู
ููู ุงูุญุณู ููู ุงูุจูุงุก ููู ุงููุฏุฑุฉ ููู ุงูุนูู
ููู ูู ูููููู ุดูููุกู ููุงูููู ุฅููููุง ููุฌููููู | And so, continuing the sequence of perfections, Hayy saw that all belong to Him, proceed from Him, and are more truly predicated of Him than of any other being. He surveyed the privations and saw that He is clear of them and transcends them all. How could He not transcend privation when the very concept means no more than absolute or relative non-beingโand how could non-being be associated or confused with Him Who is pure being, Whose essence is necessary existence, Who gives being to all that is? There is no existence but Him. He is being, perfection, and wholeness. He is goodness, beauty, power, and knowledge. He is He. All things perish except His face |
ุซู
ุฅูู ู
ูู
ุง ูุธุฑ ุดูุฆูุง ู
ู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุงุช ูู ุญุณูุ ุฃู ุจูุงุกุ ุฃู ูู
ุงูุ ุฃู ููุฉุ ุฃู ูุถููุฉ ู
ู ุงููุถุงุฆู โ ุฃููู ูุถููุฉ ูุงูุช โ ุชููููุฑ ูุนูู
ุฃููุง ู
ู ููุถ ุฐูู ุงููุงุนู ุงูู
ุฎุชุงุฑ โ ุฌู ุฌูุงูู โ ูู
ู ุฌูุฏู ูู
ู ูุนููุ ูุนูู
ุฃู ุงูุฐู ูู ูู ุฐุงุชู ุฃุนุธู
ู
ููุง ูุฃูู
ู ูุฃุชู
ูู ูุฃุญุณู ูุฃุจูู ูุฃุฌู
ู ูุฃุฏูู
ุ ูุฃูู ูุง ูุณุจุฉ ููุฐู ุฅูู ุชูู | From then on, whenever he saw a being that was good, or beautiful, or strong, or perfect in any way, he would recognize, on considering, that this must be its Makerโs work and stem from His overflowing abundance and liberality. Thus he knew that what He Himself possesses must be greater and more perfect, fuller, better, and more lasting out of all proportion, than what He gives |
ุซู
ุชุฃู
ู ูู ุฌู
ูุน ุฃุตูุงู ุงูุญููุงู ููู ุฃูุนูุทูู ููููู ุดูููุกู ุฎููููููู ุซู
ูุฏุงู ูุงุณุชุนู
ุงููุ ููููุง ุฃูู ูุฏุงู ูุงุณุชุนู
ุงู ุชูู ุงูุฃุนุถุงุก ุงูุชู ุฎูููุช ูู ูู ูุฌูู ุงูู
ูุงูุน ุงูู
ูุตูุฏ ุจูุง ูู
ุง ุงูุชูุน ุจูุง ุงูุญููุงู ููุงูุช ููููุง ุนูููุ ูุนูู
ุจุฐูู ุฃูู ุฃูุฑู
ุงููุฑู
ุงุก ูุฃุฑุญู
ุงูุฑุญู
ุงุก | Hayy considered how the Creator had given each sort of animal its makeup and showed how these were to be used โ for if He did not teach animals to use their parts for their intended purposes, they would do the animals no more good than if they did not have them. From this Hayy learned that He is most good and merciful |
ููู
ุง ุฑุฃู ุฌู
ูุนู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุงุช ูุนููุ ุชุตูุญูุง ู
ู ุจุนุฏ ุฐูู ุชุตูุญูุง ุนูู ุทุฑูู ุงูุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ูู ูุฏุฑุฉ ูุงุนููุงุ ูุงูุชุนุฌุจ ู
ู ุบุฑูุจ ุตูุนุชู ููุทูู ุญูู
ุชู ูุฏููู ุนูู
ู ูุชุจูููู ูู ูู ุฃูู ุงูุฃุดูุงุก ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูุถููุง ุนู ุฃูุซุฑูุง ู
ู ุขุซุงุฑ ุงูุญูู
ุฉ ูุจุฏุงุฆุน ุงูุตูุนุฉ ู
ุง ูุถู ู
ูู ูู ุงูุนุฌุจุ ูุชุญูู ุนูุฏู ุฃู ุฐูู ูุง ูุตุฏุฑ ุฅูุง ุนู ูุงุนู ู
ุฎุชุงุฑ ูู ุบุงูุฉ ุงููู
ุงู ูููู ุงููู
ุงู ููุง ููุนูุฒูุจู ุนููููู ู
ูุซูููุงูู ุฐูุฑููุฉู ููู ุงูุณููู
ูุงููุงุชู ููููุง ููู ุงููุฃูุฑูุถู ููููุง ุฃูุตูุบูุฑู ู
ููู ุฐููููู ููููุง ุฃูููุจูุฑู | The moment Hayy realized that all that exists is His work, he saw things in a new and different light. It was as an expression of its Makerโs power that he saw each thing now, marveling at His wonderful craftsmanship, the elegance of His plan and ingenuity of His work. In the least of things โnot to speak of the greatestโHayy found marks of wisdom and divine creativity that exhausted his powers of admiration and confirmed his belief that all this could issue only from a Cause of consummate perfectionโbeyond perfection! Not an atomโs weight escapes Him in heaven or on earth nor anything at all, greater or less |
ูู
ุง ุฃูู ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฐุช ูู ูุจุถุชู ุฌุณู
ูุง ู
ู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุซู
ุญุฑูููุช ูุฏู ูุฅู ุฐูู ุงูุฌุณู
ูุง ู
ุญุงูุฉ ูุชุญุฑู ุชุงุจุนูุง ูุญุฑูุฉ ูุฏู ุญุฑูุฉู ู
ุชุฃุฎุฑุฉ ุนู ุญุฑูุฉ ูุฏู ุชุฃุฎุฑูุง ุจุงูุฐุงุช ูุฅู ูุงูุช ูู
ุชุชุฃุฎุฑ ุจุงูุฒู
ุงู ุนููุงุ ุจู ูุงู ุงุจุชุฏุงุคูู
ุง ู
ุนูุง ููุฐูู ุงูุนุงูู
ููู ู
ุนููู ูู
ุฎููู ููุฐุง ุงููุงุนู ุจุบูุฑ ุฒู
ุงู ุฅููููู
ูุง ุฃูู
ูุฑููู ุฅูุฐูุง ุฃูุฑูุงุฏู ุดูููุฆูุง ุฃููู ููููููู ูููู ูููู ููููููููู | Suppose you held something in your hand while moving your arm. The object you held would undoubtedly move with your hand, subsequently not in time, but in factโfor in time the two motions are simultaneous. It is in this way, out of time, that the universe is caused and created by its Maker Whose command, when He desires a thing is simply to tell it โBelโ and it is |
ูุฅุฐู ุงูุนุงูู
ููู ุจู
ุง ูู ุงูุณู
ุงูุงุช ูุงูุฃุฑุถ ูุงูููุงูุจ ูู
ุง ุจูููุง ูู
ุง ููููุง ูู
ุง ุชุญุชูุง ูุนูู ูุฎููู ูู
ุชุฃุฎุฑ ุนููู ุจุงูุฐุงุช ูุฅู ูุงูุช ุบูุฑ ู
ุชุฃุฎุฑุฉ ุนูููุง ุจุงูุฒู
ุงู | The whole Universe, then, and all that is in itโheaven and earth and all that lies above, beneath and betweenโis His work and creation, ontologically, if not temporally, posterior to Him |
ูููู ูุง ูููู ูุฐูู ููุฏ ุชุจุฑูู ุฃู ูุฏุฑุชู ุบูุฑ ู
ุชูุงููุฉ ูุฃู ุฌู
ูุน ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ูู
ุง ูุชุตู ุจูุง ุฃู ูุชุนูู ุจูุง ููู ุจุนุถ ุงูุชุนูู ูู ู
ุชูุงูู ู
ููุทุน | How could this not be so, when it has been proved that His force and power are infinite, while all physical things and everything connected with them or in the least related to them are truncated and finite |
ููู
ุง ูุงูุช ุงูู
ุงุฏุฉ ูู ูู ุฌุณู
ู
ูุชูุฑุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุตูุฑุฉุ ุฅุฐ ูุง ุชููู
ุฅูุง ุจูุง ููุง ุชุซุจุช ููุง ุญูููุฉ ุฏูููุงุ ููุงูุช ุงูุตูุฑุฉ ูุง ูุตุญ ูุฌูุฏูุง ุฅูุง ู
ู ูุนู ูุฐุง ุงููุงุนูุ ุชุจูู ูู ุงูุชูุงุฑ ุฌู
ูุน ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุงุช ูู ูุฌูุฏูุง ุฅูู ูุฐุง ุงููุงุนู ูุฃูู ูุง ููุงู
ูุดูุก ู
ููุง ุฅูุง ุจูุ ููู ุฅุฐู ุนูุฉ ููุง ููู ู
ุนููู
ุฉ ูู ุณูุงุก ูุงูุช ู
ุญุฏุซุฉ ุงููุฌูุฏ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู ุณุจููุง ุงูุนุฏู
ุฃู ูุงู ุงูุงุจุชุฏุงุก ููุง ู
ู ุฌูุฉ ุงูุฒู
ุงูุ ููู
ูุณุจููุง ุงูุนุฏู
ูุทุ ูุฅููุง ุนูู ููุง ุงูุญุงูุชูู ู
ุนูููุฉ ูู
ูุชูุฑุฉ ุฅูู ุงููุงุนู ู
ุชุนููุฉ ุงููุฌูุฏ ุจูุ ููููุง ุฏูุงู
ู ูู
ุชุฏู
ููููุง ูุฌูุฏู ูู
ุชูุฌุฏ ููููุง ููุฏู
ู ูู
ุชูู ูุฏูู
ุฉุ ููู ูู ุฐุงุชู ุบูู ุนููุง ูุจุฑูุก ู
ููุง | Since matter in every body demands a form, as it exists through its form and can have no reality apart from it, and since forms can be brought into being only by this Creator, all being, Hayy saw, is plainly dependent on Him for existence itself. Nothing can subsist except through Him. Thus He is the Cause of all things, and all are His effects, whether they came to be out of nothing or had no beginning in time and were in no way successors to non-being. In either case they are His effects, dependent on Him for their existence, since He is their Cause and Maker. If He did not endure, they would not endure. If He did not exist, they would not exist. If He were not eternal, they could not have been eternal. But He, in Himself, has no need of them and is utterly independent of them |
ูุงูุชูู ูุธุฑู ุจูุฐุง ุงูุทุฑูู ุฅูู ู
ุง ุงูุชูู ุฅููู ุจุงูุทุฑูู ุงูุฃููุ ููู
ูุถุฑููู ูู ุฐูู ุชุดููู ูู ููุฏู
ุงูุนุงูู
ุฃู ุญุฏูุซู. ูุตุญ ูู ุนูู ุงููุฌููู ุฌู
ูุนูุง ูุฌูุฏ ูุงุนู ุบูุฑ ุงูุฌุณู
ููุง ู
ุชุตู ุจุฌุณู
ููุง ู
ููุตู ุนูู ููุง ุฏุงุฎู ููู ููุง ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุนููุ ุฅุฐ ุงูุงุชุตุงู ูุงูุงููุตุงู ูุงูุฏุฎูู ูู ููู
ุงุช ู
ู ุตูุงุช ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ููู ู
ูุฒููู ุนููุง | So this train of thought brought him exactly where the other had. He was no longer troubled by the dilemmas of creation versus eternity, for either way the existence of a non-corporeal Author of the universe remained unscathed, a Being neither in contact with matter nor cut off from it, neither within nor outside itโfor all these terms, โcontactโ and โdiscontinuityโ, insideโ and โoutsideโ are merely predicates of the very physical things which He transcends |
ูุฅุฐุง ูุงู ูุงุนููุง ูุญุฑูุงุช ุงูููู ุนูู ุงุฎุชูุงู ุฃููุงุนูุง ูุนููุง ูุง ุชูุงูุช ููู ููุง ูุชูุฑุ ููู ูุง ู
ุญุงูุฉ ูุงุฏุฑ ุนูููุง ูุนุงูู
ุจูุง | If He brings about the sidereal motions, each in its kind and all without discontinuity, never halting, never tiring, then He must know them all and hold absolute power over them |
ููุฏ ูุงู ูุงุญ ูู ูู ูุธุฑู ูู ุนุงูู
ุงูููู ูุงููุณุงุฏ ุฃู ุญูููุฉ ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุฌุณู
ุฅูู
ุง ูู ู
ู ุฌูุฉ ุตูุฑุชู ุงูุชู ูู ุงุณุชุนุงุฏุฉ ูุถุฑูุจ ุงูุญุฑูุงุชุ ูุฃู ูุฌูุฏู ุงูุฐู ูู ู
ู ุฌูุฉ ู
ุงุฏุชู ูุฌูุฏ ุถุนูู ูุง ููุงุฏ ููุฏุฑู ูุฅู ูุฌูุฏ ุงูุนุงูู
ููู ุฅูู
ุง ูู ู
ู ุฌูุฉ ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏู ูุชุญุฑูู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุญุฑู ุงูุจุฑูุก ุนู ุงูู
ุงุฏุฉ ูุนู ุตูุงุช ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูู
ูุฒููู ุนู ุฃู ูุฏุฑูู ุญุณ ุฃู ูุชุทุฑู ุฅููู ุฎูุงูุ ุณุจุญุงูู | When first reflecting on the world of generation and decay, Hayy had become aware that the substantiality of any material thing rests in its form, that is its propensity for certain types of motion. Its being, on the material side, is defective at best, and in itself scarcely conceivable. If so, the being of the whole universe is ultimately no more than its capacity to be moved by this great Mover, who is free of matter and all its attributes and transcends all that sense can perceive or imagination approach |
ูุฅู ูุฌุฏูุง ููุฉ ุชูุนู ูุนููุง ูุง ููุงูุฉ ูู ููู ููุฉ ููุณุช ูู ุฌุณู
ุ ููุฏ ูุฌุฏูุง ุงูููู ูุชุญุฑู ุฃุจุฏูุง ุญุฑูุฉ ูุง ููุงูุฉ ููุง ููุง ุงููุทุงุน ุฅุฐุง ูุฑุถูุงู ูุฏูู
ูุง ูุง ุงุจุชุฏุงุก ููุ ูุงููุงุฌุจ ุนูู ุฐูู ุฃู ุชููู ุงูููุฉ ุงูุชู ุชุญุฑูุช ููุณุช ูู ุฌุณู
ูุ ููุง ูู ุฌุณู
ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุนููุ ููู ุฅุฐู ูุดูุก ุจุฑูุก ุนู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ูุบูุฑ ู
ูุตูู ุจุดูุก ู
ู ุฃูุตุงู ุงูุฌุณู
ูุฉ | Should we discover a force engaged in an infinite task, that force cannot belong to a physical thing. But we have found the motion of the heavens to be ceaseless and eternal, for ex hypothesis it has gone on forever and had no beginning. Ergo the force that moves them must be neither in their own physical structure nor in any external physical being. It can only belong to some Being independent of all material things and indescribable by any predicate applicable to them |
ูููู ูุฏ ุชุจุฑูู ุฃู ูู ุฌุณู
ูุฅูู ูุง ู
ุญุงูุฉ ู
ุชูุงููุ ูุฅุฐู ูู ููุฉ ูู ุงูุฌุณู
ููู ูุง ู
ุญุงูุฉ ู
ุชูุงููุฉ | Yet it has already been proved that every material body must be finite. So every force in a material body must be finite |
ููู ููุฉ ุณุงุฑูุฉ ูู ุฌุณู
ูุดุงุฆุนู ููู ูุฅููุง ุชููุณู
ุจุงููุณุงู
ู ูุชุชุถุงุนู ุจุชุถุงุนููุ ู
ุซู ุงูุซูู ูู ุงูุญุฌุฑ ู
ุซููุงุ ุงูู
ุญุฑู ูู ุฅูู ุฃุณููุ ูุฅูู ุฅู ููุณู
ุงูุญุฌุฑ ูุตููู ุงููุณู
ุซููู ูุตูููุ ูุฅู ุฒูุฏ ุนููู ุขุฎุฑ ู
ุซูู ุฒุงุฏ ูู ุงูุซูู ุขุฎุฑ ู
ุซููุ ูุฅู ุฃู
ูู ุฃู ูุชุฒุงูุฏ ุงูุญุฌุฑ ุฃุจุฏูุง ุฅูู ุบูุฑ ููุงูุฉ ูุงู ุชุฒุงูุฏ ูุฐุง ุงูุซูู ุฅูู ุบูุฑ ููุงูุฉุ ูุฅู ูุตู ุงูุญุฌุฑ ุฅูู ุญุฏูู ู
ุง ู
ู ุงูุนูุธู
ูููู ูุตู ุงูุซููููู ุฅูู ุฐูู ุงูุญุฏ ูููู | But the type of force which is diffused and distributed through material things is divided when they divide and augmented proportionately as they increase. Weight, for example, in a stone is what causes its downward motion. If the stone is split in half, so is its weight; and if another is added, equal to the first, the weight increases by an equal amount. If it were possible to keep adding stones forever, then the weight would mount to infinity; but if the stones reached a certain number and stopped, then the weight would reach a corresponding point and stop |
ููู ุญุฑูุฉ ููุง ุจุฏ ููุง ู
ู ู
ุญุฑููู ุถุฑูุฑุฉูุ ูุงูู
ุญุฑู ุฅู
ุง ุฃู ูููู ููุฉ ุณุงุฑูุฉ ูู ุฌุณู
ู
ู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
โ ุฅู
ุง ุฌุณู
ุงูู
ุญุฑููู ููุณู ูุฅู
ุง ุฌุณู
ุขุฎุฑ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุนูู โ ูุฅู
ุง ุฃู ุชููู ููุฉ ููุณุช ุณุงุฑูุฉ ููุง ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ูู ุฌุณู
| Now every motion requires a mover. This mover can be either a force distributed through some body, self-moving or externally moved, or a force which is not distributable or diffusible in physical bodies |
ูุฑุฃู ุฃูุถูุง ุฃูู ุฅู ุงุนุชูุฏ ููุฏู
ุงูุนุงูู
ูุฃู ุงูุนุฏู
ูู
ูุณุจูู ูุฃูู ูู
ูุฒู ูู
ุง ููุ ูุฅู ุงููุงุฒู
ุนู ุฐูู ุฃู ุญุฑูุชู ูุฏูู
ุฉ ูุง ููุงูุฉ ููุง ู
ู ุฌูุฉ ุงูุงุจุชุฏุงุกุ ุฅุฐ ูู
ูุณุจููุง ุณููู ูููู ู
ุจุฏุคูุง ู
ูู | Alternatively, Hayy saw that if he assumed the eternity of the world, that is that it had always been as it is now and not emerged from non-being, this would imply that its motion too was eternal and had never begun, never started up from rest |
ูุฅุฐุง ูุงู ูุงุนููุง ููุนุงูู
ููู ูุง ู
ุญุงูุฉ ูุงุฏุฑ ุนููู ูุนุงูู
ุจูุ ุฃูููุง ููุนูููู
ู ู
ููู ุฎููููู ูููููู ุงููููุทูููู ุงููุฎูุจููุฑู | Finally as Maker of the universe He must know it and have sway over it Can it be that the Creator does not know? He is Kindly and Aware |
ูุฅุฐุง ูุงู ูุง ูู
ูู ุฃู ููุญุณ ููุง ูู
ูู ุฃู ูุชุฎููููุ ูุฃู ุงูุชุฎูู ููุณ ุดูุฆูุง ุฅูุง ุฅุญุถุงุฑ ุตูุฑ ุงูู
ุญุณูุณุงุช ุจุนุฏ ุบูุจุชูุงุ ูุฅุฐุง ูู
ููู ุฌุณู
ูุง ูุตูุงุช ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ูููุง ุชุณุชุญูู ุนููู ูุฃูู ุตูุงุช ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ูู ุงูุงู
ุชุฏุงุฏ ูู ุงูุทูู ูุงูุนุฑุถ ูุงูุนู
ู ููู ู
ูุฒููู ุนู ุฐูู ูุนู ุฌู
ูุน ู
ุง ูุชุจุน ูุฐุง ุงููุตู ู
ู ุตูุงุช ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
| But if He cannot be perceived, He cannot be imagined either, since imagining is no more than the mindโs projection of images belonging to sense objects no longer present. Furthermore, if He is not a material body, then it is impossible to apply to him any of the predicates of physical things. Chief of these is extension in length, width, and depth. He transcends these and all the physical characteristics that follow from them |
ูุฅุฐู ูุง ุจุฏ ููุนุงูู
ู
ู ูุงุนู ููุณ ุจุฌุณู
ุ ูุฅุฐุง ูู
ููู ุฌุณู
ูุง ูููุณ ุฅูู ุฅุฏุฑุงูู ูุดูุก ู
ู ุงูุญูุงุณ ุณุจููุ ูุฃู ุงูุญูุงุณ ุงูุฎู
ุณ ูุง ุชูุฏุฑูู ุฅูุง ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุ ุฃู ู
ุง ููุญู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
| Thus the world must have a non-corporeal Cause. Since He is not a physical being there is no way of perceiving Him through the senses, as the five senses can grasp only physical objects and their attributes |
ูุฑุฃู ุฃูู ุฅู ุงุนุชูุฏ ุญุฏูุซ ุงูุนุงูู
ูุฎุฑูุฌู ุฅูู ุงููุฌูุฏ ุจุนุฏ ุงูุนุฏู
ูุงููุงุฒู
ุนู ุฐูู ุถุฑูุฑุฉ ุฃูู ูุง ูู
ูู ุฃู ูุฎุฑุฌ ุฅูู ุงููุฌูุฏ ุจููุณูุ ูุฃูู ูุง ุจุฏ ูู ู
ู ูุงุนู ููุฎุฑุฌู ุฅูู ุงููุฌูุฏุ ูุฃู ุฐูู ุงููุงุนู ูุง ูู
ูู ุฃู ูุฏุฑูู ุจุดูุก ู
ู ุงูุญูุงุณุ ูุฃูู ูู ุฃูุฏุฑูู ุจุดูุก ู
ู ุงูุญูุงุณ ููุงู ุฌุณู
ูุง ู
ู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุ ููู ูุงู ุฌุณู
ูุง ู
ู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ููุงู ู
ู ุฌู
ูุฉ ุงูุนุงูู
ุ ููุงู ุญุงุฏุซูุง ูุงุญุชุงุฌ ุฅูู ู
ุญุฏุซุ ููู ูุงู ุฐูู ุงูู
ุญุฏุซ ุงูุซุงูู ุฃูุถูุง ุฌุณู
ูุง ูุงุญุชุงุฌ ุฅูู ู
ุญุฏุซ ุซุงูุซ ูุงูุซุงูุซ ุฅูู ุฑุงุจุนุ ููุชุณูุณู ุฐูู ุฅูู ุบูุฑ ููุงูุฉุ ููู ุจุงุทู | For he saw that if he assumed that the universe had come to be in time, ex nihilo, then the necessary consequence would be that it could not have come into existence by itself, but must have had a Maker to give it being. This Maker could not be perceptible to the senses; for if it could be apprehended by sense perception, then it would be a material body, and thus part of the world, itself in time and in need of a cause. If this second cause were physical, it would need a third; the third, a fourth, and so ad infinitum โwhich is absurd |
ููู
ุง ุฃุนูุงู ุฐูู ุฌุนู ูุชููุฑ ู
ุง ุงูุฐู ููุฒู
ุนู ูู ูุงุญุฏ ู
ู ุงูุงุนุชูุงุฏููุ ููุนู ุงููุงุฒู
ุนููู
ุง ูููู ุดูุฆูุง ูุงุญุฏูุง | Baffled and exhausted by this dilemma, he began to wonder what each of the beliefs entailed. Perhaps the implications were the same |
ูู
ุง ุฒุงู ูููุฑ ูู ุฐูู ุนุฏุฉ ุณูููุ ูุชุชุนุงุฑุถ ุนูุฏู ุงูุญุฌุฌ ููุง ูุชุฑุฌุญ ุนูุฏู ุฃุญุฏ ุงูุงุนุชูุงุฏูู ุนูู ุงูุขุฎุฑ | For some years Hayy pondered over this problem, but the arguments always seemed to cancel each other. Neither position could outweigh the other |
ููุฐูู ูุงู ูููู ยซุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุญุงุฏุซูุง ููุง ุจุฏ ูู ู
ู ู
ุญุฏูุซุ ููุฐุง ุงูู
ุญุฏุซ ุงูุฐู ุฃุญุฏุซู ูู
ู ุฃุญุฏุซู ุงูุขู ููู
ูุญุฏุซู ู
ู ูุจู ุฐููุ ุฃูุทุงุฑุฆ ุทุฑุฃ ุนููู โ ููุง ุดูุก ููุงู ุบูุฑู โ ุฃู
ูุชุบูุฑ ุญุฏุซ ูู ุฐุงุชูุ ูุฅู ูุงูุ ูู
ุง ุงูุฐู ุฃุญุฏุซ ุฐูู ุงูุชุบูููุฑ | Furthermore, he said to himself, if the universe came to be in time, there must have been some cause to bring it into being. Why did this Cause bring about a world now rather than before? Had some outside force disturbed Him? Nothing existed but He. Had some change, then, occurred within Him? But what brought about that change |
ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฒู
ุน ุนูู ุงุนุชูุงุฏ ุงูุญุฏูุซ ุงุนุชุฑุถุชู ุนูุงุฑุถ ุฃุฎุฑู ูุฐูู ุฃูู ูุงู ูุฑู ุฃู ู
ุนูู ุญุฏูุซู ุจุนุฏ ุฃู ูู
ููู ูุง ูููู
ุฅูุง ุนูู ุฃู ุงูุฒู
ุงู ุชูุฏู
ู ูุงูุฒู
ุงู ู
ู ุฌู
ูุฉ ุงูุนุงูู
ูุบูุฑ ู
ููู ุนูู ูุฅุฐู ูุง ูููู
ุชุฃุฎุฑ ุงูุนุงูู
ุนู ุงูุฒู
ุงู | When, on the other hand, he assumed that the universe arose in time, other objections assailed him. Thus he realized that the notion of the universe coming to be from nothing could be made sense of only in terms of a time before there was a universeโbut time itself is an inseparable part of the universe. Therefore it is inconceivable that, the origin of the universe came before the origin of time |
ูุฐูู ุฃูู ูุงู ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฒู
ุน ุนูู ุงุนุชูุงุฏ ุงููุฏู
ุงุนุชุฑุถุชู ุนูุงุฑุถ ูุซูุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงุณุชุญุงูุฉ ูุฌูุฏ ู
ุง ูุง ููุงูุฉ ููุ ุจู
ุซู ุงูุฐู ุงุณุชุญุงู ุนูุฏู ุจู ูุฌูุฏ ุฌุณู
ูุง ููุงูุฉ ูู. ููุฐูู ุฃูุถูุง ูุงู ูุฑู ุฃู ูุฐุง ุงููุฌูุฏ ูุง ูุฎูู ู
ู ุงูุญูุงุฏุซ ููู ูุง ูู
ูู ุชูุฏู
ู ุนูููุง ูู
ุง ูุง ูู
ูู ุฃู ูุชูุฏู
ุนูู ุงูุญูุงุฏุซ ููู ุฃูุถูุง ู
ุญุฏูุซ | For whenever he assumed the eternity of the universe, numerous difficulties arose due to the fact that any actual infinity could be shown to be impossible by the same sort of reasoning which had shown him the impossibility of an infinite physical body. Besides he knew that the world could not exist without temporal events, thus it could not precede them. But what cannot precede temporal events must itself come to be in time |
ูุชุดูู ูู ุฐูู ููู
ูุชุฑุฌููุญ ุนูุฏู ุฃุญุฏ ุงูุญูู
ูู ุนูู ุงูุขุฎุฑ | On this question he had many misgivings. Neither position seemed to prevail |
ููู
ุง ุชุจูู ูู ุฃูู ููู ูุดุฎุต ูุงุญุฏ ูู ุงูุญูููุฉุ ูุงุชุญุฏุช ุนูุฏู ุฃุฌุฒุงุคู ุงููุซูุฑุฉ ุจููุน ู
ู ุงููุธุฑ ุงูุฐู ุงุชุญุฏุช ุนูุฏู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูุชู ูู ุนุงูู
ุงูููู ูุงููุณุงุฏุ ุชููุฑ ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุจุฌู
ูุชู ูู ูู ุดูุก ุญุฏุซ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู ูู
ูููุ ูุฎุฑุฌ ุฅูู ุงููุฌูุฏ ุจุนุฏ ุงูุนุฏู
ุ ุฃู ูู ุฃู
ุฑ ูุงู ู
ูุฌูุฏูุง ููู
ุง ุณูู ููู
ูุณุจูู ุงูุนุฏู
ุจูุฌู ู
ู ุงููุฌูู | Seeing the whole universe as in reality one great being, and uniting all its many parts in his mind by the same sort of reasoning which had led him to see the oneness of all bodies in the world of generation and decay, Hayy wondered whether all this had come to be from nothing, or in no respect emerged from nothingness but always existed |
ููู
ุง ุงูุชูู ุฅูู ูุฐู ุงูู
ุนุฑูุฉ ูููู ุนูู ุฃู ุงูููู ุจุฌู
ูุชู ูู
ุง ูุญุชูู ุนููู ูุดูุก ูุงุญุฏ ู
ุชุตู ุจุนุถู ุจุจุนุถ ูุฃู ุฌู
ูุน ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูุชู ูุงู ููุธุฑ ูููุง ุฃูููุง ูุงูุฃุฑุถ ูุงูู
ุงุก ูุงูููุงุก ูุงููุจุงุช ูุงูุญููุงู ูู
ุง ุดุงูููุง ูู ูููุง ูู ุถู
ูู ูุบูุฑ ุฎุงุฑุฌุฉ ุนูู ูุฃูู ููู ุฃุดุจู ุดูุก ุจุดุฎุต ู
ู ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงูุญููุงูุ ูู
ุง ููู ู
ู ุงูููุงูุจ ุงูู
ููุฑุฉ ูู ุจู
ูุฒูุฉ ุญูุงุณ ุงูุญููุงูุ ูู
ุง ููู ู
ู ุถุฑูุจ ุงูุฃููุงู ุงูู
ุชุตู ุจุนุถูุง ุจุจุนุถ ูู ุจู
ูุฒูุฉ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงูุญููุงูุ ูู
ุง ูู ุฏุงุฎูู ู
ู ุนูู
ุงูููู ูุงููุณุงุฏ ูู ุจู
ูุฒูุฉ ู
ุง ูู ุฌูู ุงูุญููุงู ู
ู ุฃุตูุงู ุงููุถูู ูุงูุฑุทูุจุงุช ุงูุชู ูุซูุฑูุง ู
ุง ูุชููู ูููุง ุฃูุถูุง ุญููุงู ูู
ุง ูุชููู ูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุงูุฃูุจุฑ | Having reached this point, Hayy understood that the heavens and all that is in them are, as it were, one being whose parts are all interconnected. All the bodies he had known before such as earth, water, air, plants and animals were enclosed within this being and never left it. The whole was like an animal. The light-giving stars were its senses. The spheres, articulated one to the next, were its limbs. And the world of generation and decay within was like the juices and wastes in the beastโs belly, where smaller animals often breed, as in the macrocosm |
ูู
ุง ุฒุงู ูุชุตูุญ ุญุฑูุฉ ุงููู
ุฑ ููุฑุงูุง ุขุฎุฐุฉ ู
ู ุงูู
ุบุฑุจ ุฅูู ุงูู
ุดุฑูุ ูุญุฑูุงุช ุงูููุงูุจ ุงูุณูุงุฑุฉ ูุฐููุ ุญุชู ุชุจูู ูู ูุฏุฑ ูุจูุฑ ู
ู ุนูู
ุงูููุฆุฉ ูุธูุฑ ูู ุฃู ุญุฑูุชูุง ูุง ุชููู ุฅูุง ุจุฃููุงู ูุซูุฑุฉ ูููุง ู
ุถู
ูุฉ ูู ููู ูุงุญุฏ ูู ุฃุนูุงูุงุ ููู ุงูุฐู ูุญุฑู ุงููู ู
ู ุงูู
ุดุฑู ุฅูู ุงูู
ุบุฑุจ ูู ุงูููู
ูุงููููุฉุ ูุดุฑุญ ููููุฉ ุงูุชูุงูู. ูู
ุนุฑูุฉ ุฐูู ูุทููุ ููู ู
ุซุจุช ูู ุงููุชุจ ููุง ูุญุชุงุฌ ู
ูู ูู ุบุฑุถูุง ุฅูุง ูููุฏุฑ ุงูุฐู ุฃุฑุฏูุงู | He continued to study the motion of the moon, observing that this was from west to east, and he even observed the retrograde motion of the planets. Thus he eventually learned a great deal of astronomy. He now knew that the courses of the stars could be set only in a number of spheres, all enclosed in one great sphere above them all, which moves the whole from east to west in a day and a night. But to explain each step in his progress in astronomy would be a protracted task. And this, after all, is treated at length in books. For our purpose no more is needed than what I have already set down |
ูุงุทุฑุฏ ูู ุฐูู ูู ุฌู
ูุน ุงูููุงูุจ ููู ุฌู
ูุน ุงูุฃููุงุชุ ูุชุจูู ูู ุจุฐูู ุฃู ุงูููู ุนูู ุดูู ุงููุฑุฉ ูููููู ุฐูู ูู ุงุนุชูุงุฏู ู
ุง ุฑุขู ู
ู ุฑุฌูุน ุงูุดู
ุณ ูุงููู
ุฑ ูุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูููุงูุจ ุฅูู ุงูู
ุดุฑู ุจุนุฏ ู
ุบูุจูุง ุจุงูู
ุบุฑุจุ ูู
ุง ุฑุขู ุฃูุถูุง ู
ู ุฃููุง ุชุธูุฑ ูุจุตุฑู ุนูู ูุฏุฑ ูุงุญุฏ ู
ู ุงูุนูุธู
ูู ุญุงู ุทููุนูุง ูุชูุณุทูุง ูุบุฑูุจูุงุ ูุฃููุง ูู ูุงูุช ุญุฑูุชูุง ุนูู ุบูุฑ ุดูู ุงููุฑุฉ ููุงูุช ูุง ู
ุญุงูุฉ ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุฃููุงุช ุฃูุฑุจ ุฅูู ุจุตุฑู ู
ููุง ูู ููุช ุขุฎุฑุ ููู ูุงูุช ูุฐูู ููุงูุช ู
ูุงุฏูุฑูุง ูุฃุนุธุงู
ูุง ุชุฎุชูู ุนูุฏ ุจุตุฑู ููุฑุงูุง ูู ุญุงู ุงููุฑุจ ุฃุนุธู
ู
ู
ุง ูุฑุงูุง ูู ุญุงู ุงูุจุนุฏุ ูุงุฎุชูุงู ุฃุจุนุงุฏูุง ุนู ู
ุฑูุฒู ุญููุฆุฐู ุจุฎูุงููุง ุนูู ุงูุฃููุ ููู
ุง ูู
ููู ุดูุก ู
ู ุฐูู ุชุญูู ุนูุฏู ูุฑููุฉ ุงูุดูู | and seeing this repeated constantly with all stars, he realized that the firmament must be spherical. The conviction was strengthened by his seeing the sun, moon and stars return to the east after disappearing in the west, and by the fact that their apparent sizes at rising, peak, and setting were constant. For if their motion followed any path other than along a sphere, they would have to be closer to view at some times than at others, and if so their magnitudes or apparent sizes would vary. They would seem bigger when closer than when farther off. But since there was no such variation to be seen, he was certain that their motion was in a spherical course |
ููู
ุง ูุงู ู
ุณููู ุนูู ุฎุท ุงูุงุณุชูุงุก ุงูุฐู ูุตููุงู ุฃูููุงุ ูุงูุช ูุฐู ุงูุฏูุงุฆุฑ ูููุง ุนูู ุณุทุญ ุฃููู. ูู
ุชุดุงุจูุฉ ุงูุฃุญูุงู ูู ุงูุฌููุจ ูุงูุดู
ุงูุ ููุงู ุงููุทุจุงู ู
ุนูุง ุธุงูุฑูู ูู ููุงู ูุชุฑูุจ ุฅุฐุง ุทูุน ูููุจ ู
ู ุงูููุงูุจ ุนูู ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูุจูุฑุฉ ูุทูุน ูููุจ ุขุฎุฑ ุนูู ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุตุบูุฑุฉุ ููุงู ุทููุนูู
ุง ู
ุนูุง ููุงู ูุฑู ุบุฑูุจูู
ุง ู
ุนูุง | Since Hayyโs home, as I mentioned at the outset, was on the equator, the orbital planes of all the stars were perpendicular to his horizon and their orbits equally large at a given deflection north and south. What is more, both polar axes were visible to him. He observed that when a star with a large orbit and one with a small one rose together, they also set together |
ููุธุฑ ุฃูููุง ุฅูู ุงูุดู
ุณ ูุงููู
ุฑ ูุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูููุงูุจ ูุฑุขูุง ูููุง ุชุทูุน ู
ู ุฌูุฉ ุงูู
ุดุฑู ูุชุบุฑุจ ู
ู ุฌูุฉ ุงูู
ุบุฑุจุ ูู
ุง ูุงู ู
ููุง ูู
ุฑ ุนูู ุณูู
ูุช ุฑุฃุณู ุฑุขู ููุทุน ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุนุธู
ูุ ูู
ุง ู
ุงู ุนู ุณู
ุช ุฑุฃุณู ุฅูู ุงูุดู
ุงู ุฃู ุฅูู ุงูุฌููุจ ุฑุขู ููุทุน ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู
ู ุชููุ ูู
ุง ูุงู ุฃุจุนุฏ ุนู ุณู
ุช ุงูุฑุฃุณ ุนูู ุฃุญุฏ ุงูุฌุงูุจูู ูุงูุช ุฏุงุฆุฑุชู ุฃุตุบุฑ ู
ู ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู
ุง ูู ุฃูุฑุจุ ุญุชู ูุงูุช ุฃุตุบุฑ ุงูุฏูุงุฆุฑ ุงูุชู ุชุชุญุฑู ุนูููุง ุงูููุงูุจ ุฏุงุฆุฑุชูู ุงุซูุชูู ุฅุญุฏุงูู
ุง ุญูู ุงููุทุจ ุงูุฌููุจูุ ููู ู
ุฏุงุฑ ุณูููุ ูุงูุฃุฎุฑู ุญูู ุงููุทุจ ุงูุดู
ุงููุ ููู ู
ุฏุงุฑ ุงููุฑูุฏูู | To start with he watched the sun, moon and other stars, observing how all rose in the east and set in the west. Those which passed directly overhead inscribed a great arc; those inclining north or south from his zenith inscribed a smaller arc. The further they lay from the zenith and the closer to the poles, the smaller the arc they described, the smallest orbits in which stars moved being those of Ursa Minor and Canopus, two little circles about the North and South Poles respectively |
ููู
ุง ุตุญ ุนูุฏู ุจูุทุฑุชู ุงููุงุฆูุฉ ุงูุชู ุชูุจูุช ูู
ุซู ูุฐู ุงูุญุฌุฉุ ุฃู ุฌุณู
ุงูุณู
ุงุก ู
ุชูุงููุ ุฃุฑุงุฏ ุฃู ูุนุฑู ุนูู ุฃู ุดูู ูู ูููููุฉ ุงููุทุงุนู ุจุงูุณุทูุญ ุงูุชู ุชุญุฏู | Once the exceptional mind which had made him aware of such a remarkable argument had demonstrated to him the finitude of the heavens, Hayy wished to know what shape they had and how they were divided by their limiting surfaces |
ูุฃู
ุง ุฃูุง ูู
ุชุฏ ุงููุงูุต ู
ุนู ุฃุจุฏูุง ุจู ูููุทุน ุฏูู ู
ุฐูุจู ูููู ุนู ุงูุงู
ุชุฏุงุฏ ู
ุนู ููููู ู
ุชูุงูููุงุ ูุฅุฐุง ุฑูุฏูู ุนููู ุงููุฏูุฑู ุงูุฐู ููุทุน ู
ูู ุฃูููุงุ ููุฏ ูุงู ู
ุชูุงูููุงุ ุตุงุฑ ููู ุฃูุถูุง ู
ุชูุงูููุงุ ูุญููุฆุฐู ูุง ููุตุฑ ุนู ุงูุฎุท ุงูุขุฎุฑ ุงูุฐู ูู
ููุทุน ู
ูู ุดูุกุ ููุง ููุถู ุนููู ููููู ุฅุฐู ู
ุซููุ ููู ู
ุชูุงูู ูุฐูู ุฃูุถูุง ู
ุชูุงููุ ูุงูุฌุณู
ุงูุฐู ููุฑุถ ููู ูุฐู ุงูุฎุทูุท ู
ุชูุงููุ ููู ุฌุณู
ูู
ูู ุฃู ุชูุฑุถ ููู ูุฐู ุงูุฎุทูุทุ ููู ุฌุณู
ู
ุชูุงูู. ูุฅุฐุง ูุฑุถูุง ุฃู ุฌุณู
ูุง ุบูุฑ ู
ุชูุงูู ููุฏ ูุฑุถูุง ุจุงุทููุง ูู
ุญุงููุง | or else that the one does not run the full length of the other, but stops short of the full course, in which case it is finite. But if the finite segment that was. subtracted is restored, the whole is finite. Now it is neither shorter nor longer than the uncut line. They must be equal then. But one is finite, so the other must be finite as wellโ and so must the body in which these lines were assumed to be drawn. Such lines can be assumed in any physical thing. Thus to postulate an infinitely extended physical body is fallacious and absurd |
ูุฃู
ุง ุงูุฌูุฉ ุงูุชู ุชูุงุจู ูุฐู ุงูุฌูุฉ ููู ุงูุชู ูุฏุงุฎููู ูููุง ุงูุดู ูุฅูู ุฃูุถูุง ุฃุนูู
ู
ู ุงูู
ุญุงู ุฃู ุชู
ุชุฏ ุฅูู ุบูุฑ ููุงูุฉุ ูุฃูู ุฅู ุชุฎููุช ุฃู ุฎุทูู ุงุซููู ูุจุชุฏุฆุงู ู
ู ูุฐู ุงูุฌูุฉ ุงูู
ุชูุงููุฉ ููู
ุฑุงู ูู ุณูู
ูู ุงูุฌุณู
ุฅูู ุบูุฑ ููุงูุฉ ุญุณุจ ุงู
ุชุฏุงุฏ ุงูุฌุณู
ุ ุซู
ุชุฎููุช ุฃู ุฃุญุฏ ูุฐูู ุงูุฎุทูู ุฃุจุฏูุง ูู
ุชุฏุงู ุฅูู ุบูุฑ ููุงูุฉุ ููุง ูููุต ุฃุญุฏูู
ุง ุนู ุงูุขุฎุฑุ ููููู ุงูุฐู ููุทุน ู
ูู ุฌุฒุก ู
ุณุงูููุง ุงูุฐู ูู
ูููุทุน ู
ูู ุดูุกุ ููู ู
ุญุงู. ูู
ุง ุฃู ุงููู ู
ุซู ุงูุฌุฒุก ู
ุญุงู | Only the far side admits of doubt. Nonetheless I know it is impossible for it to extend forever. For if I imagine two lines beginning on this finite side, passing up through the body to infinity, as far as the body itself supposedly extends, and imagine a large segment cut from the finite end of one and the two placed side by side with the cut end of one opposite the uncut end of the other, and my mind travels along the two lines toward the so called infinite end, then I must discover either that the pair of lines really do extend to infinity, the one no shorter than the other, in which case the cut line equals the intact one, which is absurd |
ูุชููููู ูุฐุง ุงูุญูู
ุนูุฏู ุจุญุฌุฌ ูุซูุฑุฉ ุณูุญุช ูู ุจููู ูุจูู ููุณูุ ูุฐูู ุฃูู ูุงู ุฃู
ุง ุงูุฌุณู
ุงูุณู
ุงูู ููู ู
ุชูุงูู ู
ู ุงูุฌูุฉ ุงูุชู ุชูููู ูุงููุงุญูุฉ ุงูุชู ููุน ุนูููุง ุญุณูุ ููุฐุง ูุง ุฃุดู ูููุ ูุฃููู ุฃุฏุฑูู ุจุจุตุฑู | This conclusion was bolstered in his mind by a number of arguments that he reached quite independently in the course of his reflections. This heavenly body, he said to himself, is bounded on the near side, without doubt, since I can see it with my own eyes |
ูุชุญูุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุฐูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุญูุฑุฉ. ุซู
ุฅูู ุจููุฉ ูุธุฑู ูุฐูุงุก ุฎุงุทุฑู ุฑุฃู ุฃู ุฌุณู
ูุง ูุง ููุงูุฉ ูู ุฃู
ุฑ ุจุงุทู ูุดูุก ูุง ูู
ููุ ูู
ุนููู ูุง ููุนูู | The problem perplexed him more than a little, but ultimately his inborn talent and brilliance led him to realize that an infinite body is something spurious which can neither be nor be conceived |
ุซู
ุชููููุฑ ูู ูู ู
ู
ุชุฏุฉ ุฅูู ุบูุฑ ููุงูุฉุ ูุฐุงูุจุฉ ุฃุจุฏูุง ูู ุงูุทูู ูุงูุนุฑุถ ูุงูุนู
ู ุฅูู ุบูุฑ ููุงูุฉุ ุฃู ูู ู
ุชูุงููุฉ ู
ุญุฏูุฏุฉ ุจุญุฏูุฏ ุชููุทุน ุนูุฏูุง ููุง ูู
ูู ุฃู ูููู ูุฑุงุกูุง ุดูุก ู
ู ุงูุงู
ุชุฏุงุฏ | He wondered whether they extended infinitely in all directions or were finite, bounded at some point beyond which no extension was possible |
ูุงูุชูู ุฅูู ูุฐุง ุงููุธุฑ ุนูู ุฑุฃุณ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูุน ู
ู ู
ูุดุฆู ูุฐูู ุซู
ุงููุฉ ูุนุดุฑูู ุนุงู
ูุงุ ูุนูู
ุฃู ุงูุณู
ุงุก ูู
ุง ูููุง ู
ู ุงูููุงูุจ ุฃุฌุณุงู
ุ ูุฃููุง ู
ู
ุชุฏุฉ ูู ุงูุฃูุทุงุฑ ุงูุซูุงุซุฉ ุงูุทูู ูุงูุนุฑุถ ูุงูุนู
ูุ ูุง ูููู ุดูุก ู
ููุง ุนู ูุฐู ุงูุตูุฉุ ููู ู
ุง ูุง ูููู ุนู ูุฐู ุงูุตูุฉ ููู ุฌุณู
ุ ููู ุฅุฐู ูููุง ุฃุฌุณุงู
| He reached this level at twenty-eight, having completed four seven-year phases in his development. He knew that the heavens and all the stars in the skies were bodies because without exception they were extended in three dimensions, and whatever is always extended in three dimensions is a body, therefore they were all bodies |
ููุฐูู ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูุชู ูุงูุช ูุฏูู ูู
ูุฑู ู
ููุง ุดูุฆูุง ุจุฑูุฆูุง ุนู ุงูุญุฏูุซ ูุงูุงูุชูุงุฑ ุฅูู ุงููุงุนู ุงูู
ุฎุชุงุฑุ ูุงุทุฑุญูุง ูููุง ูุงูุชููุช ููุฑุชู ุฅูู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูุณู
ุงููุฉ | None of the physical things around him was exempt from change, thus none could exist without there being a cause of all this change. Seeing that this was the case Hayy left behind all these things and turned his mind to the heavenly bodies |
ูุชุตูุญ ุฌู
ูุน ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูุชู ูุฏููุ ููู ุงูุชู ูุงูุช ููุฑุชู ุฃุจุฏูุง ูููุงุ ูุฑุขูุง ูููุง ุชุชููู ุชุงุฑุฉ ูุชูุณุฏ ุฃุฎุฑูุ ูู
ุง ูู
ููู ุนูู ูุณุงุฏ ุฌู
ูุชู ููู ุนูู ูุณุงุฏ ุฃุฌุฒุงุฆู ู
ุซู ุงูู
ุงุก ูุงูุฃุฑุถ ูุฅูู ุฑุฃู ุฃุฌุฒุงุกูู
ุง ุชูุณุฏ ุจุงููุงุฑ ููุฐูู ุงูููุงุก ุฑุขู ููุณุฏ ุจุดุฏุฉ ุงูุจุฑุฏ ุญุชู ูุชููู ู
ูู ุงูุซูุฌ ููุณูู ู
ุงุกู | Accordingly he scrutinized all the physical things he knew and to which his thinking had always been confined. All of them, he perceived, develop and decay. Those which are not destroyed completely are destroyed at least in part. Water and earth, for example, are at least in part destroyed by fire. Air too, he saw, can be destroyed by a severe chill and turn to snow or water |
ููู
ุง ูุงุญ ูู ู
ู ุฃู
ุฑ ูุฐุง ุงููุงุนู ู
ุง ูุงุญ ุนูู ุงูุฅุฌู
ุงู ุฏูู ุชูุตูู ุญุฏุซ ูู ุดูู ุญุซูุซ ุฅูู ู
ุนุฑูุชู ุนูู ุงูุชูุตููุ ููู ุจุนุฏู ูู
ููู ูุงุฑู ุนุงูู
ุงูุญุณุ ูุฌุนู ูุทูุจ ูุฐุง ุงููุงุนู ุนูู ุฌูุฉ ุงูู
ุญุณูุณุงุช ููู ูุง ูุนูู
ุจุนุฏู ูู ูู ูุงุญุฏ ุฃู ูุซูุฑ | Possessing now a broad if indistinct notion of this great Subject, Hayy found in himself a burning desire to know Him more fully. But, having as yet not left the sensory world, he tried first to find this Cause among the objects of his senses. Besides, he did not yet know whether He was one or many |
ููู ู
ุญูู
ุงูุชูุฒูู ููููู
ู ุชูููุชููููููู
ู ููููููููู ุงูููู ููุชูููููู
ู ููู
ูุง ุฑูู
ูููุชู ุฅูุฐู ุฑูู
ูููุชู ููููููููู ุงูููู ุฑูู
ูู | As it is written in the unshakable Revelation It was not you but God who killed them; and when you shot, it was not you who shot, but God |
ููุฐุง ุงูู
ุนูู ุงูุฐู ูุงุญ ููุ ููู ููู ุฑุณูู ุงููู ๏ทบ ยซููุช ุณู
ุนู ุงูุฐู ูุณู
ุน ุจู ูุจุตุฑู ุงูุฐู ูุจุตุฑ ุจู | This idea to which he had now awakened is the meaning of the Prophetโs words I am the ears He hears by and the sight He sees by |
ููุงุญ ูู ู
ุซู ุฐูู ูู ุฌู
ูุน ุงูุตูุฑ ูุชุจูู ูู ุฃู ุงูุฃูุนุงู ุงูุตุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนููุง ููุณุช ูู ุงูุญูููุฉ ููุง ูุฅูู
ุง ูู ููุงุนู ููุนู ุจูุง ุงูุฃูุนุงู ุงูู
ูุณูุจุฉ ุฅูููุง | Hayy realized that the same would be true of all forms. Clearly the acts emerging from forms did not really arise in them, but all the actions attributed to them were brought about through them by another Being |
ุซู
ุฅูู ูุธุฑ ุฅูู ุฐูุงุช ุงูุตูุฑ ููู
ูุฑู ุฃููุง ุดูุก ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ุงูุฌุณู
ูุฃู ูุตุฏุฑ ุนูู ุฐูู ุงููุนู ู
ุซู ุงูู
ุงุก ูุฅูู ุฅุฐุง ุฃูุฑุท ุนููู ุงูุชุณุฎูู ุงุณุชุนุฏ ููุญุฑูุฉ ุฅูู ููู ูุตูุญ ููุงุ ูุฐูู ุงูุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ูู ุตูุฑุชู ุฅุฐ ููุณ ูุง ููุง ุฅูุง ุฌุณู
ูุฃุดูุงุก ุชุญุณ ุนูู ุจุนุฏ ุฃู ูู
ุชููุ ูุตููุญ ุงูุฌุณู
ูุจุนุถ ุงูุญุฑูุงุช ุฏูู ุจุนุถ ูู ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏู ุจุตูุฑุชู | He then considered that in which the forms inhere and found it to be no more than a bodyโs propensity for such and such an action to arise from it. Water, for example, has a propensity to rise when strongly heated. This propensity is due to the form, for there is nothing there but body and certain perceptible thingsโqualities and ways of moving, for exampleโwhich come into being, and the cause who creates them. Thus the proneness of a body to certain kinds of motion as opposed to others must be due to its disposition or form |
ุซู
ุฅูู ุชุชุจุน ุงูุตูุฑ ุงูุชู ูุงู ูุฏ ุนูู
ูุง ูุจู ุฐูู ุตูุฑุฉ ุตูุฑุฉ ูุฑุฃู ุฃููุง ูููุง ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ูุฃููุง ูุง ุจุฏ ููุง ู
ู ูุงุนู | One by one he went over the forms he had known before and saw that all of them had come to be and all must have a cause |
ููู
ุง ุฒุงู ูุฐุงู ุงููุนูุงู ุจุทู ุญูู
ุงูุตูุฑุฉ ูุฒุงูุช ุงูุตูุฑุฉ ุงูู
ุงุฆูุฉ ุนู ุฐูู ุงูุฌุณู
ุนูุฏู
ุง ุธูุฑุช ู
ูู ุฃูุนุงู ู
ู ุดุฃููุง ุฃู ุชุตุฏุฑ ุนู ุตูุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู ูุญุฏุซุช ูู ุตูุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู ุจุนุฏ ุฃู ูู
ุชูู ูุตุฏุฑ ุนูู ุจูุง ุฃูุนุงู ูู
ููู ู
ู ุดุฃููุง ุฃู ุชุตุฏุฑ ุนูู ููู ุจุตูุฑุชู ุงูุฃูููุ ูุนูู
ุจุงูุถุฑูุฑุฉ ุฃู ูู ุญุฏูุซ ูุง ุจุฏ ูู ู
ู ู
ุญุฏุซุ ูุงุฑุชุณู
ูู ููุณู ุจูุฐุง ุงูุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ูุงุนู ููุตูุฑุฉ ุงุฑุชุณุงู
ูุง ุนูู ุงูุนู
ูู
ุฏูู ุชูุตูู | When they were gone the rule of that form must have ended. The form of water must have left this body, since it now exhibited behavior characteristic of some other form. A new form not previously present must have come into being here, giving rise to behavior unlike that it had shown under its original form. Now Hayy knew by necessity that all that comes into being must have a cause. From this consideration he gained a vague and general notion of the cause of this form |
ูุฃูู ู
ุง ูุธุฑ ุฅูู ุงูู
ุงุก ูุฑุฃู ุฃูู ุฅุฐุง ุฎููููู ูู
ุง ุชูุชุถูู ุตูุฑุชู ุธูุฑ ู
ูู ุจุฑุฏ ู
ุญุณูุณ ูุทูุจ ุงููุฒูู ุฅูู ุฃุณูู ูุฅุฐุง ุณุฎูููุ ุฅู
ุง ุจุงููุงุฑ ูุฅู
ุง ุจุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงูุดู
ุณุ ุฒุงู ุนูู ุงูุจุฑุฏ ุฃูููุง ูุจูู ููู ุทูุจ ูุตุงุฑ ูุทูุจ ุงูุตุนูุฏ ุฅูู ูููุ ูุฒุงู ุนูู ุจุงูุฌู
ูุฉ ุงููุตูุงู ุงููุฐุงู ูุงูุง ุฃุจุฏูุง ูุตุฏุฑุงู ุนูู ูุนู ุตูุฑุชู ููู
ููุนุฑู ู
ู ุตูุฑุชู ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู ุตุฏูุฑ ูุฐูู ุงููุนููู ุนููุง | He examined water first and found that if left to itself, determined only by its own form, it was perceptibly cold and downward-seeking; but if warmed by fire or the heat of the sun, first its coldness would pass, leaving only its proclivity to fall; then, if it were heated strongly, this too would vanish, and it would seek to rise, leaving it without either of the characteristics which had sprung from its form. Yet all he knew of that form was that these functions issued from it |
ููู
ุง ุงูุชูู ูุธุฑู ุฅูู ูุฐุง ุงูุญุฏ ููุงุฑู ุงูู
ุญุณูุณ ุจุนุถ ู
ูุงุฑูุฉ ูุฃุดุฑู ุนูู ุชุฎูู
ุงูุนุงูู
ุงูุนูููุ ุงุณุชูุญุด ูุญู ุฅูู ู
ุง ุฃูููููู ู
ู ุนุงูู
ุงูุญุณุ ูุชูููุฑ ูููููุง ูุชุฑู ุงูุฌุณู
ุนูู ุงูุฅุทูุงูุ ุฅุฐ ูุฐุง ุงูุฃู
ุฑ ูุง ูุฏุฑูู ุงูุญุณ ููุง ููุฏุฑ ุนูู ุชูุงููู. ูุฃุฎุฐ ุฃุจุณุท ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูู
ุญุณูุณุฉ ุงูุชู ุดุงูุฏูุง ููู ุชูู ุงูุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงูุชู ูุงู ูุฏ ููู ูุธุฑู ุนูููุง | When his thinking had risen to this level and the sensory world had been left behind to some extent, just as he was mounting to a height from which he could gaze out toward the approaches of the world of mind, Hayy felt alien and alone. He longed for the familiar world of the senses, balked at the notion of unqualified body, a thing he could neither perceive nor possess, and fell back on the simplest objects he could see, the four he had already singled out |
ููุฐุง ุงูุดูุก ุงูุฐู ูู ุจู
ูุฒูุฉ ุงูุทูู ูู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุซุงู ูู ุงูุฐู ูุณู
ูู ุงููุธุงุฑ ุงูู
ุงุฏุฉ ูุงูููููู ููู ุนุงุฑูุฉ ุนู ุงูุตูุฑุฉ ุฌู
ูุฉ | In philosophy the factor analogous to the clay is called hyle, or matter. It is entirely devoid of forms |
ูููู ุงูุฐู ูู
ูู ุฃู ูุชุจุฏู ููุชุนุงูุจ ุนูู ุฃูุฌู ูุซูุฑุฉ ููู ู
ุนูู ุงูุงู
ุชุฏุงุฏ ูุดุจู ุงูุตูุฑุฉ ุงูุชู ูุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุฐูุงุช ุงูุตูุฑุ ูุงูุฐู ูุซุจุช ุนูู ุญุงู ูุงุญุฏุฉ ููู ุงูุฐู ููุฒู ู
ูุฒูุฉ ุงูุทูู ุงูู
ุชูุฏู
ูุดุจู ู
ุนูู ุงูุฌุณู
ูุฉ ุงูุชู ูุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุฐูุงุช ุงูุตูุฑ | The variable factor, which can present a succession of many different faces, that is extension, corresponds to the form of all other bodies. The other factor, which remains constant like the clay of the example, corresponds to materiality in all other bodies |
ูุฃูู ูุง ูููู
ุงูุฌุณู
ุฅูุง ู
ุฑูุจูุง ู
ู ูุฐูู ุงูู
ุนููููุ ูุฃู ุฃุญุฏูู
ุง ูุง ูุณุชุบูู ุนู ุงูุขุฎุฑ | The truth was, he could not comprehend physical things at all unless he conceived of them as compounded of these two factors, neither of which can subsist without the other |
ูููุงุญู ูู ุจูุฐุง ุงูุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุฃู ุงูุฌุณู
ุจู
ุง ูู ุฌุณู
ู
ุฑูุจ ุนูู ุงูุญูููุฉ ู
ู ู
ุนููููุ ุฃุญุฏูู
ุง ูููู
ู
ูู ู
ูุงู
ุงูุทูู ูููุฑุฉ ูู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุซุงูุ ูุงูุขุฎุฑ ูููู
ู
ูุงู
ุทูู ุงููุฑุฉ ูุนุฑุถูุง ูุนู
ููุง ุฃู ุงูู
ูุนุจ ุฃู ุฃู ุดูู ูุงู ุจู | His experiment suggested to him that bodies, qua body, are really composed of two factors, one analogous to the clay of the example, the other to the length, width, and depth of the ball or block or other figure the clay might have |
ูุงุนุชุจุฑ ุฐูู ุจุจุนุถ ูุฐู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูู
ุญุณูุณุฉ ุฐูุงุช ุงูุตูุฑ ูุงูุทูู ู
ุซููุงุ ูุงู ูู ุทูู ูุนุฑุถ ูุนู
ู ุนูู ูุฏุฑ ู
ุงุ ุซู
ุฅู ุชูู ุงููุฑุฉ ุจุนูููุง ูู ุฃูุฎุฐุช ูุฑุฏููุช ุฅูู ุดูู ู
ูุนุจ ุฃู ุจูุถู ูุชุจุฏู ุฐูู ุงูุทูู ูุฐูู ุงูุนุฑุถ ูุฐูู ุงูุนู
ู ูุตุงุฑุช ุนูู ูุฏุฑ ุขุฎุฑ ุบูุฑ ุงูุฐู ูุงูุช ุนูููุ ูุงูุทูู ูุงุญุฏ ุจุนููู ูู
ูุชุจุฏูุ ุบูุฑ ุฃูู ูุง ุจุฏ ูู ู
ู ุทูู ูุนุฑุถ ูุนู
ู ุนูู ุฃู ูุฏุฑ ูุงูุ ููุง ูู
ูู ุฃู ูุนุฑู ุนููุง ุบูุฑ ุฃููุง ูุชุนุงูุจูุง ุนููู ุชุจูููู ูู ุฃููุง ู
ุนููู ุนูู ุญูุงูู ูููููู ูุง ูุนุฑู ุจุงูุฌู
ูุฉ ุนููุง ุชุจูููู ูู ุฃููุง ู
ู ุญูููุชู | Hayy tried out this idea on several form-bearing objects such as clay for example. He found that if he molded clay into some shape, for example into a ball, it had length, width and depth in a certain ratio; if he then took this ball and worked it into a cube or egg shape, its length, width and depth took on different proportions. But it was still the same clay; and, no matter what the ratio, it could not be divested of length, breadth, and depth. The fact that one proportion could replace another made it apparent to him that the dimensions were a factor in their own right, distinct from the clay itself. But the fact that the clay was never totally devoid of dimensions made it plain to him that they were part of its being |
ุซู
ุชููุฑ ูู ูุฐุง ุงูุงู
ุชุฏุงุฏ ุฅูู ุงูุฃูุทุงุฑ ุงูุซูุงุซุฉ ูู ูู ู
ุนูู ุงูุฌุณู
ุจุนููู ูููุณ ุซู
ู
ุนููู ุขุฎุฑ ุฃู ููุณ ุงูุฃู
ุฑ ูุฐููุ ูุฑุฃู ุฃู ูุฑุงุก ูุฐุง ุงูุงู
ุชุฏุงุฏ ู
ุนููู ุขุฎุฑ ูู ุงูุฐู ููุฌุฏ ููู ูุฐุง ุงูุงู
ุชุฏุงุฏุ ูุฃู ุงูุงู
ุชุฏุงุฏ ูุญุฏู ูุง ูู
ูู ุฃู ูููู
ุจููุณู ูู
ุง ุฃู ุฐูู ุงูุดูุก ุงูู
ู
ุชุฏ ูุง ูู
ูู ุฃู ูููู
ุฏูู ุงู
ุชุฏุงุฏ | He then examined this notion of extension, asking himself whether it was just this that belonged to material things or whether there was not perhaps, some further principle; and he realized that behind extension there must be another factor in which extension itself was grounded. For bare extension could no more subsist by itself than the extended object could exist without extension |
ููุธุฑ ูู ูุฌุฏ ูุตููุง ูุงุญุฏูุง ูุนู
ุฌู
ูุน ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุญููุง ูุฌู
ุงุฏูุงุ ููู
ูุฌุฏ ุดูุฆูุง ูุนู
ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ูููุง ุฅูุง ู
ุนูู ุงูุงู
ุชุฏุงุฏ ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุฌู
ูุนูุงุ ูู ุงูุฃูุทุงุฑ ุงูุซูุงุซุฉ ุงูุชู ูุนุจููุฑ ุนููุง ุจุงูุทูู ูุงูุนุฑุถ ูุงูุนู
ู ูุนูู
ุฃู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุนูู ูู ููุฌุณู
ู
ู ุญูุซ ูู ุฌุณู
ูููู ูู
ูุชุฃุชูู ูู ุจุงูุญุณ ูุฌูุฏ ุฌุณู
ุจูุฐู ุงูุตูุฉ ูุญุฏูุง ุญุชู ูุง ูููู ููู ู
ุนููู ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุนูู ุงูุงู
ุชุฏุงุฏ ุงูู
ุฐููุฑุ ููููู ุจุงูุฌู
ูุฉ ุฎูููุง ู
ู ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูุตูุฑ | He searched for someone characteristic common to all objects, animate and inanimate, but the only thing he could find in all physical objects was extension in three dimensions. This he recognized belonged to physical things purely by virtue of the fact that they were physical. But his senses did not so readily reveal any object with just this attribute of extension and no other |
ูุฅุฐุง ุฃู
ูู ูุฌูุฏ ุฌุณู
ูุง ุตูุฑุฉ ููู ุฒุงุฆุฏุฉ ุนูู ุงูุฌุณู
ูุฉ ูููุณ ุชููู ููู ุตูุฉ ู
ู ูุฐู ุงูุตูุงุชุ ููุง ูู
ูู ุฃู ุชููู ููู ุตูุฉ ุฅูุง ููู ุชุนู
ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูู
ุชุตูุฑุฉ ุจุถุฑูุจ ุงูุตูุฑ | Therefore if an object could exist which had no form beyond physicality, not one of these predicates would be true of it, and no predicate at all could apply to it which did not apply to all physical things, regardless of their form |
ููุงู ูุฏ ุณุจู ุฅูู ุธูู ุฃูููุง ุฃู ูุฐู ุงูุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูุณุชุญูู ุจุนุถูุง ุฅูู ุจุนุถุ ูุฃู ููุง ุดูุฆูุง ูุงุญุฏูุง ุชุดุชุฑู ููู ููู ู
ุนูู ุงูุฌุณู
ูุฉุ ูุฃู ุฐูู ุงูุดูุก ููุจุบู ุฃู ูููู ุฎูููุง ู
ู ุงูู
ุนุงูู ุงูุชู ุชู
ูุฒ ุจูุง ูู ูุงุญุฏ ู
ู ูุฐู ุงูุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู ุงูุขุฎุฑุ ููุง ูู
ูู ุฃู ูุชุญุฑู ุฅูู ููู ููุง ุฅูู ุฃุณูู ููุง ุฃู ูููู ุญุงุฑููุง ููุง ูููู ุจุงุฑุฏูุง ููุง ูููู ุฑุทุจูุง ููุง ูุงุจุณูุงุ ูุฃู ูู ูุงุญุฏ ู
ู ูุฐู ุงูุฃูุตุงู ูุง ูุนู
ุฌู
ูุน ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุ ูููุณุช ุฅุฐู ููุฌุณู
ุจู
ุง ูู ุฌุณู
| At first he had supposed not only that these four, fire, water, earth, and air, were interchangeable but also that all partook of one common entity, that is materiality, which was itself necessarily devoid of the factors which differentiate the four. This must neither rise nor fall; it must be neither hot nor cold, moist nor dry. For all these predicates are inapplicable to body qua body, since none is applicable to all bodies |
ููุฐูู ุฑุฃู ุฃู ุงูู
ุงุก ุดูุก ูููู ุงูุชุฑููุจ ูููุฉ ู
ุง ูุตุฏุฑ ุนู ุตูุฑุชู ู
ู ุงูุฃูุนุงูุ ููุฐูู ุฑุฃู ุงููุงุฑ ูุงูููุงุก | Likewise he recognized that water must be very simple since so few activities issue from its form. The same was true of fire and air |
ููุฐูู ุฑุฃู ุฃู ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงูุฃุฑุถ ุจุนุถูุง ุฃุจุณุท ู
ู ุจุนุถ ููุตุฏ ู
ููุง ุฅูู ุฃุจุณุท ู
ุง ูุฏุฑ ุนููู | By the same token he observed that some pieces of earth were simpler than others, so he directed his attention to the simplest of these he could obtain |
ูุชุจูู ูู ุฃู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูู
ุญุณูุณุงุช ุงูุชู ูู ุนุงูู
ุงูููู ูุงููุณุงุฏ ุจุนุถูุง ุชูุชุฆู
ุญูููุชู ู
ู ู
ุนุงูู ูุซูุฑุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏุฉ ุนูู ู
ุนูู ุงูุฌุณู
ูุฉ ูุจุนุถูุง ู
ู ู
ุนุงูู ุฃููุ ูุนูู
ุฃู ู
ุนุฑูุฉ ุงูุฃูู ุฃุณูู ู
ู ู
ุนุฑูุฉ ุงูุฃูุซุฑุ ูุทูุจ ุฃูููุง ุงููููู ุนูู ุญูููุฉ ุตูุฑุฉ ุงูุดูุก ุงูุฐู ุชูุชุฆู
ุญูููุชู ู
ู ุฃูู ุงูุฃุดูุงุกุ ูุฑุฃู ุฃู ุงูุญููุงู ูุงููุจุงุช ูุง ุชูุชุฆู
ุญูุงุฆููู
ุง ุฅูุง ู
ู ู
ุนุงูู ูุซูุฑุฉ ูุชููู ุฃูุนุงููู
ุงุ ูุฃุฎููุฑ ุงูุชูููุฑ ูู ุตูุฑูู
ุง | Plainly some of the objects of sense perception in the world of generation and decay were made up of many factors over and above physicality, while others had only a few. He recognized that it would be easier to grasp the simpler than the more complex, so he decided, to start with, to try to understand whatever had the fewest components to its make-up. Seeing that plants and animals must be composed of numerous factors because of the complexity of the tasks of life, he put off consideration of their forms for the present |
ูุฑุฃู ุฃูุถูุง ูู ููุน ู
ู ุฃููุงุน ุงูุญููุงู ูู ุฎุงุตูุฉ ููุญุงุฒ ุจูุง ุนู ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูุฃููุงุน ููููุตู ุจูุง ู
ุชู
ูุฒูุง ุนููุงุ ูุนูู
ุฃู ุฐูู ุตุงุฏุฑ ูู ุนู ุตูุฑุฉ ูู ุชุฎุตู ูู ุฒุงุฆุฏุฉ ุนู ู
ุนูู ุงูุตูุฑุฉ ุงูู
ุดุชุฑูุฉ ูู ููุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูุญููุงูุ ููุฐูู ููู ูุงุญุฏ ู
ู ุฃููุงุน ุงููุจุงุช ู
ุซู ุฐูู | Further, Hayy knew that every animal species had its own distinguishing characteristics. He now understood that this differentiating principle stemmed from the speciesโ own distinctive form, superadded to the form it held in common with all other animals. Each plant species had something similar |
ูุทุงุฆูุฉ ู
ู ูุฐุง ุงููุฑูู ููู ุงูุญููุงู ุฎุงุตุฉ ู
ุน ู
ุดุงุฑูุชู ุงููุฑูู ุงูู
ุชูุฏู
ูู ุงูุตูุฑุฉ ุงูุฃููู ูุงูุซุงููุฉ ุชุฒูุฏ ุนููู ุจุตูุฑุฉ ุซุงูุซุฉ ูุตุฏุฑ ุนููุง ุงูุญุณ ูุงูุชููู ู
ู ุญูู ุฅูู ุขุฎุฑ | A still smaller subdivision, namely the animals, while sharing the first form with the whole group and the second with the subclass, surpasses both by the exclusive possession of a third form which gives rise to sensation and locomotion |
ูุงููู
ู ูู ุงูุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุจูุงุณุทุฉ ุงูููุฉ ุงููุงู
ูุฉุ ููู ุงูุชู ุชุฒูุฏ ูู ุฃูุทุงุฑ ุงูุฌุณู
ุ ุฃุนูู ุงูุทูู ูุงูุนุฑุถ ูุงูุนู
ูุ ุนูู ุงูุชูุงุณุจ ุงูุทุจูุนู ุจู
ุง ุชุฏุฎู ูู ุฃุฌุฒุงุฆู ู
ู ุงูุบุฐุงุกุ ููุฐุงู ุงููุนูุงู ุนุงู
ุงู ูููุจุงุช ูุงูุญููุงูุ ููู
ุง ูุง ู
ุญุงูุฉ ุตุงุฏุฑุงู ุนู ุตูุฑุฉ ู
ุดุชุฑูุฉ ููู
ุงุ ููู ุงูู
ุนุจุฑ ุนููุง ุจุงูููุณ ุงููุจุงุชูุฉ | Growth is movement in all three dimensions at once, according to a set proportion. These two functions are universal among plants and animals and must therefore issue from a form shared by both plants and animals. This form is what is called the vegetative soul |
ูุงูุชุบุฐู ูู ุฃู ูุฎูู ุงูู
ุบุชุฐู ุจุฏู ู
ุง ุชุญูู ุจุงููุนู ู
ููุ ุจูุงุณุทุฉ ููุฉ ุงูุบุงุฐูุฉ ุงูุชู ุชุญูู ู
ุง ุญุตู ูู ูู
ุงู ุงูุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏุ ุจุณุจุจ ุงูููุฉ ุงููุงุถู
ุฉ ู
ู ุงูุบุฐุงุก ุจุงูููุฉ ุงููุงุตูุฉ ุจูุงุณุทุฉ ุงูุฌุงุฐุจูุฉ ุฅูู ู
ุดุงููุฉ ุฌููุฑ ุงูู
ุบุชุฐูุ ุญูุธูุง ูุดุฎุตู ูุชูู
ูููุง ูู
ูุฏุงุฑู | Nutrition is an interchange by which the being nourished replaces matter that breaks down by ingesting material similar to itself and assimilating this to its own substance |
ููุฑูู ู
ู ูุฐู ุงูุฌู
ูุฉุ ููู ุงููุจุงุช ูุงูุญููุงูุ ู
ุน ู
ุดุงุฑูุชู ุงูุฌู
ูุฉ ุงูู
ุชูุฏู
ุฉ ูู ุชูู ุงูุตูุฑุฉ ูุฒูุฏ ุนูููุง ุตูุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑูุ ูุตุฏุฑ ุนููุง ุงูุชุบุฐู ูุงููู
ู | Plants and animals are a subclass of this group, but besides sharing this form with all the rest, they have an added form from which emanate the activities of nutrition and growth |
ู
ุซุงู ุฐูู ุฃู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูุฃุฑุถูุฉ ู
ุซู ุงูุชุฑุงุจ ูุงูุญุฌุงุฑุฉ ูุงูู
ุนุงุฏู ูุงููุจุงุช ูุงูุญููุงู ูุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ูู ุฌู
ูุฉ ูุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุดุชุฑู ูู ุตูุฑุฉ ูุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุตุฏุฑ ุนููุง ุงูุญุฑูุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุฃุณูู ู
ุง ูู
ูุนููุง ุนุงุฆู ุนู ุงููุฒููุ ูู
ุชู ุญุฑูููุช ุฅูู ุฌูุฉ ุงูุนูู ุจุงููุณุฑ ุซู
ุชูุฑูุช ุชุญุฑูุช ุจุตูุฑุชูุง ุฅูู ุฃุณูู | For example, everything earthen, such as soil, rocks, minerals, plants, animals, and all other heavy objects, makes up a single totality which participates in a single form from which issues the tendency to fall when unimpeded or when lifted and let go |
ูุชุชุจุน ุฐูู ูุญุตุฑู ูู ููุณูุ ูุฑุฃู ุฌู
ูุฉ ู
ู ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุชุดุชุฑู ูู ุตูุฑุฉ ู
ุง ูุตุฏุฑ ุนููุง ูุนู ู
ุง ุฃู ุฃูุนุงู ู
ุงุ ูุฑุฃู ูุฑูููุง ู
ู ุชูู ุงูุฌู
ูุฉ ู
ุน ุฃูู ูุดุงุฑู ุงูุฌู
ูุฉ ุจุชูู ุงูุตูุฑุฉุ ูุฒูุฏ ุนููู ุจุตูุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู ูุตุฏุฑ ุนููุง ุฃูุนุงู ู
ุง ูุฑุฃู ุทุงุฆูุฉ ู
ู ุฐูู ุงููุฑูู ู
ุน ุฃููุง ุชุดุงุฑู ุงููุฑูู ูู ุงูุตูุฑุฉ ุงูุฃููู ูุงูุซุงููุฉ ุชุฒูุฏ ุนููู ุจุตูุฑุฉ ุซุงูุซุฉ ุชุตุฏุฑ ุนููุง ุฃูุนุงู ู
ุง ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูุง | Following this up in many specific cases, he was able to see how a great number of bodies participate in a certain form, from which emanates a given mode or given modes of behavior. Within this group a subclass, besides sharing the form of the rest, has an additional form from which further functions emerge. A still smaller class displays both of these plus a third form, generating still more special behavior |
ููู
ุง ููู ุจูุฐุง ุงููุธุฑ ุนูู ุฃู ุญูููุฉ ุงูุฑูุญ ุงูุญููุงูู ุงูุฐู ูุงู ุชุดููู ุฅููู ุฃุจุฏูุง ู
ุฑูุจุฉ ู
ู ู
ุนูู ุงูุฌุณู
ูุฉ ูู
ู ู
ุนููู ุขุฎุฑ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุนูู ุงูุฌุณู
ูุฉ ูุฃู ู
ุนูู ูุฐู ุงูุฌุณู
ูุฉ ู
ุดุชุฑู ูุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุ ูุงูู
ุนูู ุงูุขุฎุฑ ุงูู
ูุชุฑู ุจู ูููุฑุฏ ุจู ูู ูุญุฏู ูุงู ุนูุฏู ู
ุนูู ุงูุฌุณู
ูุฉ ูุงุทุฑุญู ูุชุนูู ููุฑู ุจุงูู
ุนูู ุงูุซุงููุ ููู ุงูุฐู ูุนุจุฑ ุนูู ุจุงูููุณ ูุชุดูู ุฅูู ุงูุชุญูู ุจู ูุงูุชุฒู
ุงูููุฑุฉ ูููุ ูุฌุนู ู
ุจุฏุฃ ุงููุธุฑ ูู ุฐูู ุชุตูุญ ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ูููุง ูุง ู
ู ุฌูุฉ ู
ุง ูู ุฃุฌุณุงู
ุจู ู
ู ุฌูุฉ ู
ุง ูู ุฐูุงุช ุตูุฑ ุชูุฒู
ุนููุง ุฎูุงุต ูููุตู ุจูุง ุจุนุถูุง ุนู ุจุนุถ | When Hayy understood, through this line of reasoning, that the substance of the animal spirit, toward which all his love had been directed, was compounded out of the corporeal factor and another, non-physical factor, and that it had the former in common with every other body, while the latter, linked with it, belonged exclusively to this spirit, he felt contempt for physicality. He dropped the physical and his mind fastened on the other factor, which is called sim ply the soul. He was now anxious to learn all he could about the soul Turning his thought in this direction, he started off by going over in his mind all physical objects, considered not as bodies but as having forms from which emerge their distinguishing characteristics |
ููุฐูู ูุฌู
ูุน ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุงูุฌู
ุงุฏุงุช โ ููู ู
ุง ุนุฏุง ุงูุญููุงู ูุงููุจุงุช ู
ู
ุง ูู ุนุงูู
ุงูููู ูุงููุณุงุฏ โ ุดูุก ูุฎุตูุง ุจู ููุนู ูู ูุงุญุฏ ู
ููุง ูุนูู ุงูุฐู ูุฎุชุต ุจู ู
ุซู ุตููู ุงูุญุฑูุงุช ูุถุฑูุจ ุงูููููุงุช ุงูู
ุญุณูุณุฉ ุนููุงุ ูุฐูู ุงูุดูุก ูู ุตูุฑุฉ ูู ูุงุญุฏ ู
ููุง ููู ุงูุฐู ูุนุจุฑ ุงููุธููุงุฑ ุนูู ุจุงูุทุจูุนุฉ | And even inanimate objectsโthat is all things in the world of generation and decay besides plants and animalsโmust have some special thing to make them behave in their own peculiar way, and give them their particular qualities to the senses and their ways of moving. This is the form, or as philosophers call it, the nature of the thing |
ููุฐูู ุฃูุถูุง ููุดูุก ุงูุฐู ูููู
ูููุจุงุช ู
ูุงู
ุงูุญุงุฑ ุงูุบุฑูุฒู ููุญููุงูุ ุดูุก ูุฎุตู ูู ูุตูู ููู ุงูุฐู ูุนุจููุฑ ุนูู ุงููุธููุงุฑ ุจุงูููุณ ุงููุจุงุชูุฉ | The same holds for plants whatever they have to fill the role of body-heat in animals would have its own special form, called by philosophers the vegetative soul |
ููุงุญ ูู ูู ุฌู
ูุฉ ู
ุง ูุงุญ ู
ู ุฐูู ุฃู ุงูุฑูุญ ุงูุญููุงูู ุงูุฐู ู
ุณููู ุงูููุจ โ ููู ุงูุฐู ุชูุฏู
ุดุฑุญู ุฃูููุง โ ูุง ุจุฏ ูู ุฃูุถูุง ู
ู ู
ุนููู ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุนูู ุฌุณู
ูุชู ูุตูุญ ุจุฐูู ุงูู
ุนูู ูุฃู ูุนู
ู ูุฐู ุงูุฃุนู
ุงู ุงูุบุฑูุจุฉ ุงูุชู ุชุฎุชุต ุจู ู
ู ุถุฑูุจ ุงูุฅุญุณุงุณุงุช ููููู ุงูุฅุฏุฑุงูุงุช ูุฃุตูุงู ุงูุญุฑูุงุชุ ูุฐูู ุงูู
ุนูู ูู ุตูุฑุชู ููุถูู ุงูุฐู ุงููุตู ุจู ุนู ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงูุฃุฌุณุงู
ุ ููู ุงูุฐู ูุนุจุฑ ุนูู ุงููุธููุงุฑ ุจุงูููุณ ุงูุญููุงููุฉ | And as he was awakening to these things, it dawned on him that the animal spirit, which lives in the heart and at which he had first probed with his dissections, must itself have a principle over and above its corporeality which would enable it to carry out all its wonderful tasks, as true subject of the various modes of sensing, apprehending and moving. This is the form which differentiates it from all other bodies. Philosophers term it the animal soul |