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ูˆูƒุงู† ููŠ ุบุฏูˆู‡ู…ุง ูˆุฑูˆุงุญู‡ู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ุฒู„ูู‡ู…ุง ุฒุจุฒุจ ูŠุณุฑุญ ูˆูŠุจูŠุช ู…ุนู‡ู…ุง ุญูŠุซ ู…ุจูŠุชู‡ู…ุง
When they went out to forage and came back to rest they were accompanied by a troop of deer that went along to graze and stayed the night near where they slept
ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุจุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุจุงุน ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูุชุฑุจู‘ูŽู‰ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูˆู†ู…ุง ูˆุงุบุชุฐู‰ ุจู„ุจู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุธุจูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุชู… ู„ู‡ ุญูˆู„ุงู†ุŒ ูˆุชุฏุฑู‘ูŽุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ูˆุฃุซุบุฑ ููƒุงู† ูŠุชุจุน ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุธุจูŠุฉ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ูŠ ุชุฑูู‚ ุจู‡ ูˆุชุฑุญู…ู‡ ูˆุชุญู…ู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุงุถุน ููŠู‡ุง ุดุฌุฑ ู…ุซู…ุฑุŒ ููƒุงู†ุช ุชุทุนู…ู‡ ู…ุง ุชุณุงู‚ุท ู…ู† ุซู…ุฑุงุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุญู„ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู†ุถูŠุฌุฉ ูˆู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ู‚ุดุฑ ูƒุณุฑุชู‡ ู„ู‡ ุจุทูˆุงุญู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุชู‰ ุนุงุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุจู† ุฃุฑูˆุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุชู‰ ุธู…ุฆ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุฃูˆุฑุฏุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู…ุชู‰ ุถุญุง ุธู„ู„ุชู‡ ูˆู…ุชู‰ ุฎุตุฑ ุฃุฏูุฃุชู‡ุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุฌู†ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ุตุฑูุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆุฌู„ู„ุชู‡ ุจู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุจุฑูŠุด ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู…ุง ู…ูู„ุฆ ุจู‡ ุงู„ุชุงุจูˆุช ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทูู„ ููŠู‡
There were no beasts of prey on the island. So the child grew, nourished by its mother-doeโ€™s milk, until he was two years old. By then heโ€™d learned to walk; and, having his teeth, he took to following the doe on her foraging expeditions. She treated him gently and tenderly, taking him where fruit trees grew and feeding him the sweet, ripe fruits that fell from them. The hard-shelled ones she cracked between her teeth, or if he wanted to go back for a while to milk she let him. She brought him to water when he was thirsty; and when the sun beat down she shaded him. When he was cold she warmed him, and at nightfall she would bring him back to the spot where she had found him, nestling him to herself among the feathers with which the little ark had been cushioned
ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ุง ุฃู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู„ู‚ูˆุชู‡ุง ุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุฃุตู†ุงู ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุจุญุฑูŠุฉ โ€” ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏ ุฃู„ู‚ุงู‡ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุงุญู„ู‡ โ€” ูู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุถุฌุช ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ูˆุณุทุน ู‚ุชุงุฑู‡ ุชุญุฑูƒุช ุดู‡ูˆุชู‡ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูุฃูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ูุงุณุชุทุงุจู‡ ูุงุนุชุงุฏ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ุญู…ุŒ ูุตุฑู ุงู„ุญูŠู„ุฉ ููŠ ุตูŠุฏ ุงู„ุจุฑ ูˆุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุญุชู‰ ู…ู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ
One thing he threw in, purely to experiment with its propensity to burn, was a fish that had been cast up on the beach by the sea. As it began to roast and the savory odors spread, his appetite was aroused. He nibbled it and liked it. In this way he learned to eat meat and practiced hunting and fishing until he became quite skilled in both
ูˆุฃูŽู„ูู ุงู„ุทูู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุธุจูŠุฉ ุญุชู‰ ูƒุงู† ุจุญูŠุซ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃุจุทุฃุช ุนู†ู‡ ุงุดุชุฏ ุจูƒุงุคู‡ ูุทุงุฑุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡
The baby grew so fond of her he would cry if she were late, and then she would come rushing back
ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุนู‡ ู„ุง ุชุจุนุฏ ุนู†ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฑุนูŠ
She stayed with him, leaving only when necessary to graze
ุซู… ุงุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุง ูˆุตูู‡ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุน ูˆู…ุง ูˆุตูุชู‡ ุงู„ุทุงุฆูุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ููŠ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉุŒ ูู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ุธุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒูู‘ูŽู„ุช ุจู‡ ูˆุงูู‚ุช ุฎุตุจู‹ุง ูˆู…ุฑุนู‹ู‰ ุฃุซูŠุซู‹ุงุŒ ููƒุซุฑ ู„ุญู…ู‡ุง ูˆุฏุฑ ู„ุจู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู‚ุงู…ุช ุจุบุฐุงุก ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฃุญุณู† ู‚ูŠุงู…
From this point on both factions give interchangeable versions of his upbringing. They agree that the doe that cared for him was richly pastured, so she was fat and had plenty of milk, to give the baby the best possible nourishment
ุซู… ุงุณุชุบุงุซ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุนู†ุฏ ูู†ุงุก ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุบุฐุงุฆู‡ ูˆุงุดุชุฏุงุฏ ุฌูˆุนู‡ ูู„ุจุชู‡ ุธุจูŠุฉ ูู‚ุฏุช ุทู„ุงู‡ุง
His food supply thus vanishing, the newborn infant got hungrier and hungrier and began to cry, whereupon the doe with the lost fawn responded
ูˆุงุณุชุนุงู†ูˆุง ููŠ ูˆุตู ูƒู…ุงู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฎู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุชู‡ูŠุฃุช ู„ุฃู† ูŠุชุฎู„ู‘ูŽู‚ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุบุดูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ู‘ูู„ุฉ ู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุจุฏู†ู‡ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูู„ู…ุง ูƒู…ูู„ ุงู†ุดู‚ุช ุนู†ู‡ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุบุดูŠุฉ ุจุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุถ ูˆุชุตุฏุน ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุทูŠู†ุฉ ุฅุฐ ูƒุงู† ู‚ุฏ ู„ุญู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุฌูุงู
In accounting for the success of this metamorphosis they rely heavily on their mass of fermenting clay and on its suitability to be formed into all the protective membranes and the like which would be needed in the forming of a man. When the embryo was ready these coverings were sloughed off as if in labor; and the clay, which had already begun to dry, cracked open
ุซู… ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ูˆุง ูŠุตููˆู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุจุฌู…ู„ุชู‡ุงุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ู…ุง ูˆุตูู‡ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠูˆู† ููŠ ุฎู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ุŒ ู„ู… ูŠุบุงุฏุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูƒู…ู„ ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ ูˆุชู…ุช ุฃุนุถุงุคู‡ ูˆุญุตู„ ููŠ ุญุฏู‘ู ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุงู„ุฌู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุทู†
So, neglecting nothing, they go on to describe the whole anatomy and all the organs, as physiologists describe the formation of a foetus in the womb, up to the termination of the development process when all the parts were fully formed and the embryo was ready to be born
ูˆุงุญุชุงุฌ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐูŠู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุฃู† ูŠู…ุฏู‡ุง ุจุญุฑุงุฑุชู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฎุตูˆุตุฉ ุจู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุตู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ูุงู†ุชุณุฌุช ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุง ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุณุงู„ูƒ ูˆุทุฑู‚ุŒ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุฃูˆุณุน ู…ู† ุจุนุถ ุจุญุณุจ ู…ุง ุชุฏุนูˆ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ููƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุนุฑูˆู‚
Each depends on the heart not only because its heat keeps them alive, but also because their specialized powers originate there. Meanwhile ducts and passages were woven between them and the heart, some wider than others, depending on the need. These were the veins and arteries
ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุชูƒูู‘ูู„ ุจุงู„ุญุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชูƒูู„ ุจุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ
Sensation was in charge of the brain and nutrition of the liver
ูˆุงุญุชุงุฌ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠุญุณู‘ูŽ ุจู…ุง ูŠู„ุงุฆู…ู‡ ููŠุฌุชุฐุจู‡ ูˆุจู…ุง ูŠุฎุงู„ูู‡ ููŠุฏูุนู‡ุŒ ูุชูƒูู‘ูŽู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุถูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุตู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†ู‡ ุจุญุงุฌุชู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุชูƒูู‘ูŽู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุถูˆ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจุญุงุฌุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰
It needed also a sense of what was good and bad for it so it would be drawn to the one and reject the other. The first need was delegated to one organ with powers designed to serve that need, and its second to another
ูˆุชุดูƒู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุบู„ูŠุธ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏู‚ ุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ูˆุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุญู…ู‹ุง ุตู„ุจู‹ุง ูˆุตุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุบู„ุงู ุตููŠู‚ ูŠุญูุธู‡ุŒ ูˆุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ ู‚ู„ุจู‹ุง ูˆุงุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุจุน ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ูˆุฅูู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฑุทูˆุจุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ูŠู…ุฏู‡ ูˆูŠุบุฐูˆู‡ ูˆูŠูุฎู’ู„ูู ู…ุง ุชุญู„ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงู… ูˆุฅู„ุง ู„ู… ูŠูŽุทูู„ู’ ุจู‚ุงุคู‡
The dense matter by which it was enclosed took on the same shape; it developed into solid flesh and was in turn covered by a tough protective envelope of skin. The whole organ is what we call the heart. To survive the heart needed to be fed and maintained to replenish the juices which constantly broke down in the terrific heat
ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎุฑูŠุงู† ุญุงุฌุชู‡ู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุกูˆุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุจู‘ูŽุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุจู‘ูุฑุŒ ูˆูƒู„ุงู‡ู…ุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุฎู„ู‚ ุจุนุฏู‡ู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฑุฆูŠุณ ู„ุง ู…ุฑุกูˆุณ. ูˆุฃุญุฏู‡ู…ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ ุฃุชู…ู‘ู ุฑุฆุงุณุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุŒ ูุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุง ู„ู…ู‘ูŽุง ุชุนู„ู‘ูŽู‚ ุจู‡ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ูˆุงุดุชุนู„ุช ุญุฑุงุฑุชู‡ ุชุดูƒู‘ูŽู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ุงู„ุตู†ูˆุจุฑูŠ
Still the second and third in their own right are masters, not servants, of all the organs formed after them; and the second has a fuller share of rule than the third. The first has the conical shape of a flame, since it is linked to the spirit and burns with the spiritโ€™s heat
ูˆุงุญุชุงุฌ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุนุถุŒ ูุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุชู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ุญุงุฌุฉูŽ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ูˆุชุณุฎูŠุฑ
Although they all depend on each other, the dependence of the first on the other two is its need for service, but their dependence on the first is the reliance of the led on their leader or the controlled on what controls them
ูˆุชูƒูˆู‘ูŽู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุฅุฒุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู†ูุงุฎุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ู…ู…ู„ูˆุกุฉ ุฌุณู…ู‹ุง ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠู‘ู‹ุง ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุบู„ุธ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠู†. ูˆุณูƒู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุฉ ูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุถุนุฉ ูˆุชูˆูƒู„ุช ุจุญูุธู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ููƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุชุฎู„ู‘ูŽู‚ ู…ู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฎู…ุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡
Next to the first, opposite the second, a third bubble formed, filled with its own gaseous matter, denser than either of the others, and with its own set of subordinate faculties, devoted to the protection and sustenance of the spirit. These chambers, first, second, and third, in the order I have given, were the first to be created in that working mass of clay
ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ูู„ู…ุง ุชุนู„ู‘ูŽู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ุจุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฎุถุนุช ู„ู‡ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ูˆุณุฌุฏุช ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุณูุฎู‘ูุฑุช ุจุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ููŠ ูƒู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุŒ ูุชูƒูˆู‘ูŽู† ุจุฅุฒุงุก ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุฉ ู†ูุงุฎุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู†ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ ู‚ุฑุงุฑุงุช ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุง ุญุฌุจ ู„ุทูŠูุฉ ูˆู…ุณุงู„ูƒ ู†ุงูุฐุฉ ูˆุงู…ุชู„ุฃุช ุจู…ุซู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงู…ุชู„ุฃุช ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู„ุทู ู…ู†ู‡
They say, When this spirit was linked with that chamber all the powers of the latter submitted totally to it, bowing to its sway according to Godโ€™s command. Then opposite this chamber a second bubble formed, divided into three chambers, separated by thin membranes and joined by tiny ducts. This also was filled by gaseous material, like that which filled the first, only not as fine
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุจูŠู‘ูŽู† ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุถุนู‡ ุงู„ู„ุงุฆู‚ุฉ ุจู‡ุŒ ูู„ูŠูุฑุฌุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู… ู…ุง ุญูŽูƒูŽูˆู‡ ู…ู† ูˆุตู ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ู‚
But all this will be made clear in due course. Let us return to the story they tell of his creation
ูุฅู† ู‚ูˆูŠุช ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุชุชู„ุงุดู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ ููŠ ุญู‚ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง ูˆุชุญุฑู‚ ุณุจุญุงุช ู†ูˆุฑู‡ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฃุฏุฑูƒุชู‡ุ› ูƒุงู†ุช ุญูŠู†ุฆุฐู ุจู…ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุขุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุฑู‚ุฉ ู„ุณูˆุงู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅู„ุง ู„ู„ุฃู†ุจูŠุงุก ุตู„ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู†
If this image grows so strong in a man that its reality eclipses all other forms, the splendor of its light setting afire all it apprehends so that it alone remains, then it is like the mirror reflecting on itself, burning everything else. This happens only to prophets, the blessings of God upon them
ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฏุฉ ู‚ุจูˆู„ู‡ ู„ู„ุฑูˆุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญูŽ ูˆูŠุชุตูˆุฑ ุจุตูˆุฑุชู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฎุงุตุฉุŒ ูˆุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ๏ทบ ยซุฅู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฎู„ู‚ ุขุฏู… ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุชู‡
In the same way with animals, the one that best takes on the spirit in himself and is formed and modelled in its pattern is man. There is reference to this in the words of the Prophet-God bless him and grant him peaceโ€”God created Adam in His own image
ูˆู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ุตู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฏุฉ ู‚ุจูˆู„ู‡ ู„ุถูŠุงุก ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญูƒูŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ูˆู…ุซุงู„ู‡ุง
The most reflective body, far outshining all others, is the one that mirrors in itself the image and pattern of the sun
ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ููŠุงุถ ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุชุŒ ูู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุฃุซุฑู‡ ููŠู‡ ู„ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุญูŠุงุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู…ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุฃุซุฑู‡ ููŠู‡ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู†ุจุงุช ุจุญุณุจ ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏุงุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู…ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุฃุซุฑู‡ ููŠู‡ ุธู‡ูˆุฑู‹ุง ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจู…ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุตู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…
The same holds for the spirit which flows eternally from Godโ€™s word to all that is. Some beings, lacking any aptitude to receive it, show no trace of it. These, corresponding to the air of the analogy, are the lifeless, inanimate objects. Others, that is plant species, show its influence to varying degrees in proportion to their capacities; they are analogous to opaque objects. Still others show its impact greatly; these are animal species, and they correspond to the shiny objects of the analogy
ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ูŠุณุชุถุงุก ุจู‡ ุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุถุงุกุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ุตู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ูƒุงู„ู…ุฑุขุฉ ูˆู†ุญูˆู‡ุงุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุขุฉ ู…ู‚ุนุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุตูˆุต ุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุฑ ู„ุฅูุฑุงุท ุงู„ุถูŠุงุก
Still others, polished bodies such as mirrors, take up light maximally; and if these mirrors have a certain concave form, fires start in them from the concentrated rays of light
ูู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุถูŠุก ุจู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุดูุงู ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ูŠุณุชุถูŠุก ุจู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงุณุชุถุงุกุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠูุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุตู‚ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ู‚ุจูˆู„ ุงู„ุถูŠุงุกุŒ ูˆุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุญุณุจ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู„ูˆุงู†ู‡ุง
Some objects, like transparent air, are not lit by it at all. Others, opaque but not shiny, are lit partially, differing in color according to their different receptivities
ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฎู…ุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูŠูุถู„ ุจุนุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงุนุชุฏุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฌ ูˆุงู„ุชู‡ูŠุคุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ูˆุณุท ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฃุนุฏู„ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุฃุชู…ู‡ ู…ุดุงุจู‡ุฉู‹ ุจู…ุฒุงุฌ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ูุชู…ุฎุถุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุดุจู‡ ู†ูุงุฎุงุช ุงู„ุบู„ูŠุงู† ู„ุดุฏุฉ ู„ุฒูˆุฌุชู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ุฒูˆุฌุฉ ูˆู†ูุงุฎุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุง ู…ู†ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ุจู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุง ุญุฌุงุจ ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ ู…ู…ุชู„ุฆุฉ ุจุฌุณู… ู„ุทูŠู ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠ ููŠ ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุฏุงู„ ุงู„ู„ุงุฆู‚ ุจู‡ุŒ ูุชุนู„ู‘ูŽู‚ ุจู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูˆุชุดุจุซ ุจู‡ ุชุดุจุซู‹ุง ูŠุนุณุฑ ุงู†ูุตุงู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุญุณ ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ุŒ ุฅุฐ ู‚ุฏ ุชุจูŠู‘ูŽู† ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ุฏุงุฆู… ุงู„ููŠุถุงู† ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ โ€” ุนุฒ ูˆุฌู„ โ€” ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ุจู…ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ู†ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏุงุฆู… ุงู„ููŠุถุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
This fermented mass of clay was quite large, and parts of it were in better equilibrium than others, more suited than the rest for becoming human gametes. The midmost part was the best proportioned and bore the most perfect equivalence to the makeup of a man. The clay labored and churned, and in the viscous mass there formed what looked like bubbles in boiling water. In the very middle formed a tiny bubble divided in half by a delicate membrane and filled by a fine gaseous body, optimally proportioned for what it was to be. With it at that moment joined the spirit which is Godโ€™s, in a bond virtually indissoluble, not only in the purview of the senses, but also in that of the mind. For it should be clear that this spirit emanates continuously from Godโ€”glory be to Him. It is analogous to the sunlight that constantly floods the earth
ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ูŽุตูู ู‡ู†ุง ูƒูŠู ุชุฑุจู‘ูŽู‰ ูˆูƒูŠู ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ ููŠ ุฃุญูˆุงู„ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุจู„ุบ ุงู„ู…ุจู„ุบ ุงู„ุนุธูŠู…
In a moment I shall tell you how he grew up and progressed from one phase to the next until he reached his remarkable goal
ููุญุตุช ุนู†ู‡ ุจุฃุธู„ุงูู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠู†ูˆุก ูˆูŠุฆู† ู…ู† ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุทุงุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงุจูˆุช ู„ูˆุญ ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ุงู‡ุŒ ูุญู†ู‘ูŽุช ุงู„ุธุจูŠุฉ ูˆูŽุญูŽู†ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุฑุฆู…ุช ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆุฃู„ู‚ู…ุชู‡ ุญู„ู…ุชู‡ุง ูˆุฃุฑูˆุชู‡ ู„ุจู†ู‹ุง ุณุงุฆุบู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ุชุชุนู‡ุฏู‡ ูˆุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ูˆุชุฏูุน ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฐู‰. ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงุจุชุฏุงุก ุฃู…ุฑู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ู† ูŠู†ูƒุฑ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ุฏ
She prodded with her hoof and the baby fought from inside until one of the top boards came loose. The doe felt sorry for the infant and nuzzled him tenderly. She gave him her udder and let him drink her own delicious milk. She became his constant nurse, caring for him, raising him and protecting him from harm. This, according to those who deny spontaneous generation, is the story of his origin
ูู„ู…ุง ุงุดุชุฏู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุฌูˆุน ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูƒู‰ ูˆุงุณุชุบุงุซุŒ ูˆุนุงู„ุฌ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ ููˆู‚ุน ุตูˆุชู‡ ููŠ ุฃุฐู† ุธุจูŠุฉ ููู‚ุฏ ุทู„ุงู‡ุงุŒ ุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ูƒูู†ุงุณู‡ ูุญู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนู‚ุงุจ. ูู„ู…ุง ุณู…ุนุช ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุธู†ุชู‡ ูˆู„ุฏู‡ุงุŒ ูุชุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุตูˆุช ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุชุฎูŠู„ ุทู„ุงู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ูˆุตู„ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงุจูˆุช
When the baby had gotten very hungry, he began to cry and struggle. The sound of his voice reached a doe; and taking it for the call of her lost fawn, she followed the sound until she came to the ark
ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุณุงู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุงุจูˆุช ู‚ุฏ ู‚ู„ู‚ุช ูˆุฃู„ูˆุงุญู‡ ู‚ุฏ ุงุถุทุฑุจุช ุนู†ุฏ ุฑู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฌู…ุฉ
The nails of the box had been loosened and the boards knocked akilter by the pounding of the surf against them in the thicket
ุซู… ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŽุฒู’ุฑุŒ ูˆุจู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงุจูˆุช ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุน ูˆุนู„ุช ุงู„ุฑู…ุงู„ ุจู‡ุจูˆุจ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุญ ูˆุชุฑุงูƒู…ุช ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุญุชู‰ ุณุฏุช ุจุงุจ ุงู„ุฃุฌู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงุจูˆุชุŒ ูˆุฑุฏู…ุช ู…ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฌู…ุฉ. ููƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฏ ู„ุง ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง
The tide then began to ebb, leaving the ark high and dry. Sand drifted up with gusts of the breeze, damming the watercourse into the thicket so the water could not reach it
ูุตุงุฏู ุฐู„ูƒ ุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุจู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏ ูุงุญุชู…ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ู„ูŠู„ุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู… ุฐูƒุฑู‡ุงุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฏ ูŠุตู„ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถุน ู„ุง ูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุจุนุฏู ุนู„ู…ูŒุŒ ูุฃุฏุฎู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุจู‚ูˆุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฌู…ุฉ ู…ู„ุชูุฉ ุงู„ุดุฌุฑ ุนุฐุจุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ู…ุณุชูˆุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุญ ูˆุงู„ู…ุทุฑ ู…ุญุฌูˆุจุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุชูŽุฒูŽุงูˆุฑ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ุทู„ุนุช ูˆุชู…ูŠู„ ุฅุฐุง ุบุฑุจุช
A powerful current caught the box and brought it that very night to the coast of the other island of which I spoke. At that very moment the tide reached a height to which it would not return for another year. It lodged the little ark in a pleasant thicket, thick with shady cover, floored by rich loam, sheltered from wind and rain and veiled from the sun, which gently slanted off it when it rose and set
ุซู… ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูˆุฏู‘ูŽุนุชู‡ ูˆู‚ุงู„ุช ยซุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุฅู†ูƒ ุฎู„ู‚ุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„ ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุฑุฒู‚ุชู‡ ููŠ ุธู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุญุดุงุก ูˆุชูƒูู‘ูŽู„ุช ุจู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุชู…ู‘ูŽ ูˆุงุณุชูˆู‰ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ุณู„ู‘ูŽู…ุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ุทููƒ ูˆุฑุฌูˆุช ู„ู‡ ูุถู„ูƒ ุฎูˆูู‹ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุบุดูˆู… ุงู„ุฌุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุนู†ูŠุฏุŒ ููƒู† ู„ู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุชูุณู’ู„ูู…ู‡ ูŠุง ุฃุฑุญู… ุงู„ุฑุงุญู…ูŠู†.ยป ุซู… ู‚ุฐูุชู’ ุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠู…
She then wished the child farewell and cried Almighty God, you formed my baby โ€˜when it was nothing, a thing without a name.โ€™ You fed him in the darkness of my womb and saw that he was smooth and even and perfectly formed. In fear of that wicked tyrant I entrust him to your care. I beg you shed your bounty upon him. Be with him. Never leave him, most merciful God! She cast him into the sea
ุซู… ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุญู…ู„ุช ู…ู†ู‡ ูˆูˆุถุนุช ุทูู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูู„ู…ุง ุฎุงูุช ุฃู† ูŠูุชุถุญ ุฃู…ุฑู‡ุง ูˆูŠู†ูƒุดู ุณุฑู‡ุง ูˆุถุนุชู‡ ููŠ ุชุงุจูˆุช ุฃุญูƒู…ุช ุฒู…ู‘ูŽู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุฑูˆุชู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุถุงุน ูˆุฎุฑุฌุช ุจู‡ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ ููŠ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ูˆุซู‚ุงุชู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ูˆู‚ู„ุจู‡ุง ูŠุญุชุฑู‚ ุตุจุงุจุฉู‹ ุจู‡ ูˆุฎูˆูู‹ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡
She soon conceived and bore him a son, but fearing exposure of her secret she took the infant after nursing him, put him in a tightly sealed ark; and, attended by a few trustworthy friends and servants, brought him at nightfall down to the sea, her heart aching with love and fear for her child
ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ูŠุณู…ู‘ูŽู‰ ูŠู‚ุธุงู† ูุชุฒูˆุฌู‡ุง ุณุฑู‘ู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุฌุงุฆุฒ ููŠ ู…ุฐู‡ุจู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ููŠ ุฒู…ู†ู‡ู…
But she had a kinsman named Aware, and he married her secretly, but lawfully, according to their rite
ูู‚ุงู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุจุฅุฒุงุก ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ู…ุชุณุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒู†ุงู ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ููˆุงุฆุฏ ุนุงู…ุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ูŠู…ู„ูƒู‡ุง ุฑุฌู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃูŽู†ูŽูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู„ู‡ ุฃุฎุช ุฐุงุช ุฌู…ุงู„ ูˆุญุณู† ุจุงู‡ุฑุŒ ูุนุถู„ู‡ุง ูˆู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุฒูˆุงุฌุ› ุฅุฐ ู„ู… ูŠุฌุฏ ู„ู‡ุง ูƒูุคู‹ุง
They say that opposite this island there is a large island, rich and spacious, and inhabited by people over whom one, a proud and possessive man, was king. Now this king had a sister whom he forbade to marry until he himself should find a fitting match
ูู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุจุชู‘ูŽ ุงู„ุญูƒู… ูˆุฌุฒู… ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุจุฃู† ุญูŠ ุจู† ูŠู‚ุธุงู† ู…ู† ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุชูƒูˆู‘ูŽู† ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจู‚ุนุฉ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุฃู… ูˆู„ุง ุฃุจุŒ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ูƒุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุฑูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุฑู‡ ุฎุจุฑู‹ุง ู†ู‚ุตู‘ูู‡ ุนู„ูŠูƒ
since many insist with assurance and conviction that Hayy Ibn Yaqzan was one such person who came into being on that island by spontaneous generation. Others, however, deny it and relate a different version of his origin, which I shall tell you
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจูŠุงู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠู„ูŠู‚ ุจู…ุง ู†ุญู† ุจุณุจูŠู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ู†ุจู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดู‡ุฏ ุจุตุญุฉ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑ ู…ู† ุชุฌูˆูŠุฒ ุชูˆู„ู‘ูุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจู‚ุนุฉ ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุฃู… ูˆู„ุง ุฃุจ
I recognize that this statement demands a fuller explanation than I have provided, but this would not further our purpose. I bring it to your attention solely by way of corroborating the alleged possibility of a manโ€™s being engendered in this place without father or mother
ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุณุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู… ุณุชุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุฌู†ูˆุจู‹ุง ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆุณุชุฉ ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุดู…ุงู„ู‹ุง ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ูู„ูŠุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุญุฑ ู…ูุฑุท ูˆู„ุง ุจุฑุฏ ู…ูุฑุทุŒ ูˆุฃุญูˆุงู„ู‡ู… ุจุณุจุจ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ
The rest of the year it declines six months to the north and six to the south. These regions, then, enjoy a uniform climate, neither excessively hot nor excessively cold
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุซุจุช ููŠ ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุฃู† ุจู‚ุงุน ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุท ุงู„ุงุณุชูˆุงุก ู„ุง ุชุณุงู…ุช ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุฑุกูˆุณ ุฃู‡ู„ู‡ุง ุณูˆู‰ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุญู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุญู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงู†
But astronomy proves that in equatorial regions the sun stands directly overhead only twice a year, when it enters the Ram at the vernal equinox and when it enters the Balances at the autumnal equinox
ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุน ูˆุณุท ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุถูŠุงุก ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุณู…ุช ุฑุกูˆุณ ุงู„ุณุงูƒู†ูŠู† ููŠู‡ุŒ ูˆุญูŠู†ุฆุฐู ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุน ุฃุดุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ูุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุน ู…ู…ุง ุชุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุนู† ู…ุณุงู…ุชุฉ ุฑุกูˆุณ ุฃู‡ู„ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฏุฉ ุฌุฏู‘ู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู…ู…ุง ุชุฏูˆู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู…ุชุฉ ูƒุงู† ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
A place is at the center of the circle of light only when those who live there can see the sun, at its zenith, directly overhead. At this time the heat is as intense as it will get. A place where the sun stays far from the zenith will be very cold; places where it tends to linger at the zenith will be very hot
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุซุจุช ููŠ ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุชุนุงู„ูŠู… ุจุงู„ุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุทุนูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ูƒูุฑูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุฃุนุธู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุชุถูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃุนุธู… ู…ู† ู†ุตูู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุตู ุงู„ู…ุถูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ููŠ ูƒู„ ูˆู‚ุช ุฃุดุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุถูˆุก ููŠ ูˆุณุทู‡ุ› ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุถุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุธู„ู…ุฉ ูˆู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ุงุจู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุฃุฌุฒุงุกู‹ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ูˆู…ุง ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ูƒุงู† ุฃู‚ู„ ุถูˆุกู‹ุง ุญุชู‰ ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุธู„ู…ุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุถุงุก ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู‚ุท
It has been proved with scientific certainty that the sun is spherical, as is the earth, and that the sun is much bigger than the earth. Thus somewhat more than half the earthโ€™s surface is perpetually lit by the sun, and of the sector of the earth illuminated at any given moment, the most brilliantly lit portion is the center, since it is furthest from the darkness and faces most directly into the sun. Toward the edges the illumination is progressively less, shading into darkness at the periphery
ูุจู‚ูŠ ุฃู† ุชุณุฎูŠู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ู„ู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฅู†ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ุฅุถุงุกุฉ ู„ุง ุบูŠุฑุ› ูุฅู† ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุชุชุจุน ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุฃุจุฏู‹ุงุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุฅุฐุง ุฃูุฑุท ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุขุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุนุฑุฉ ุฃุดุนู„ ู…ุง ุญุงุฐุงู‡ุง
The only alternative is that the sun warms the earth by radiation of light. Heat invariably follows light. If focused in a burning- mirror light will even set things on fire
ูˆูƒูŠู ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุฌุฏ ุฃู† ู…ุง ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุฑ ุฃุณุฎู† ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุจุนุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ุนู„ูˆู‹ุง
How could it, since we find that when itโ€™s hot the air close to the earth is much hotter than that higher up
ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุณุฎู‘ูู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุกุŒ ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุซู… ุชุณุฎู‘ูู† ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจุชูˆุณุท ุณุฎูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
Nor does the sun first warm the air and then the earth by convection
ูˆุชุจูŠู‘ูŽู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุจุฐุงุชู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ุญุงุฑุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุชูƒูŠูุฉ ุจุดูŠุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูƒูŠููŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฌูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุจูŠู‘ูŽู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฅุถุงุกุฉ ุฃุชู…ู‘ูŽ ุงู„ู‚ุจูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ุตู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุดูุงูุฉุŒ ูˆูŠู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู‚ุจูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠูุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุตู‚ูŠู„ุฉ. ูุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ุดูุงูุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ูู„ุง ุชู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุจูˆุฌู‡ูุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูˆุญุฏู‡ ู…ู…ุง ุจุฑู‡ู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดูŠุฎ ุฃุจูˆ ุนู„ูŠ ุฎุงุตุฉุŒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุฐูƒุฑู‡ ู…ูŽู† ุชู‚ุฏู…ู‡
The same sciences teach us that the sun itself is not hot and is not to be characterized by any such mixed qualities. Likewise they teach that it is the highly reflective bodies, not the transparent ones, that take up light best; next are opaque, non-reflecting bodies; but transparent bodies with no trace of opacity do not take on light at all. The foregoing point was proved by Avicenna, using an argument which was his original work; his predecessors do not have it
ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ุชุจุฑู‡ู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุณุจุจ ู„ุชูƒูˆู‘ูู† ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฅู„ุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ู„ุงู‚ุงุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ุญุงุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅุถุงุกุฉ
For it is a demonstrated principle of physical science that heat is generated only by motion, contact with hot bodies, or radiation of light
ูุฅู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุญ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุท ุงู„ุงุณุชูˆุงุก ุนู…ุงุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุงู†ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู†ุน ุงู„ุฃุฑุถูŠุฉุŒ ูู„ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅู‚ู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุฃุนุฏู„ ุจู‚ุงุน ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆุฌู‡ูŒุŒ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุฅู†ู…ุง ุฃุฑุงุฏูˆุง ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู† ู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุท ุงู„ุงุณุชูˆุงุก ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ูƒุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุตุฑู‘ูุญ ุจู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑู‡ู… ูู‡ูˆ ุฎุทุฃ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุจุฑู‡ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูู‡
and if they say this because they reason that some inadequacy due to the earth prevents settlement on the equatorial belt, then there is some color of truth to their claim that the fourth is the most moderate of the remaining regions. But if, as most of them admit, they refer only to the intense heat of the equator, the notion is an error the contrary of which is easily proved
ุฐูƒุฑ ุณู„ูู†ุง ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญ โ€” ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ู… โ€” ุฃู† ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุฌุฒุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุช ุฎุท ุงู„ุงุณุชูˆุงุกุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชูˆู„ู‘ูŽุฏ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ุฃู… ูˆู„ุง ุฃุจ ูˆุจู‡ุง ุดุฌุฑ ูŠุซู…ุฑ ู†ุณุงุกุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุณุนูˆุฏูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆุงู‚ุ› ู„ุฃู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุฃุนุฏู„ ุจู‚ุงุน ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู‡ูˆุงุกู‹ุŒ ูˆุฃุชู…ู…ู‡ุง ู„ุดุฑูˆู‚ ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฎู„ุงู ู…ุง ูŠุฑุงู‡ ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ูู„ุงุณูุฉ ูˆูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุกุ› ูุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุฑูˆู† ุฃู† ุฃุนุฏู„ ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅู‚ู„ูŠู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน
Our forefathers, of blessed memory, tell of a certain equatorial island, lying off the coast of India, where human beings come into being without father or mother. This is possible, they say, because, of all places on earth, that island has the most tempered climate. And because a supernal light streams down on it, it is the most perfectly adapted to accept the human form. This runs counter to the views of most ordinary philosophers and even the greatest natural scientists. They believe the most temperate region of the inhabited world to be the fourth zone
ุชู… ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ูˆุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูˆุญุฏู‡ ูˆุตู„ุงุชู‡ ูˆุณู„ุงู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูุถู„ ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ูˆุนุชุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุทุงู‡ุฑูŠู† ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฏูŠู†.ุขู…ูŠู†
The book is finished, with the grace of God, His help and His good will. May God bless our master Muhammad, his family and his companions, grant them life eternal, and may God be pleased with Ahmad Muhammad, messenger of God
ุตุฏู‚ ุงู„ุญุณู† ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุขู†ูู‹ุง ุฌุนู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู…ู† ูŠูˆูู‚ ู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจู‡ ูˆู…ู…ู† ูŠุจุตุฑ ุฑุดุฏ ู†ูุณู‡ ูู…ุง ุฃุญุฏ ุฅู„ุง ู„ู‡ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑู‡ุง ุดุบู„ุชู‡ ุนู† ุบูŠุฑู‡ ูˆุชูˆูุงู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณู†ุฉ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ุขู…ูŠู† ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†
Al-Hasan was right, and that is what we said before. May God grant that we may count among the number of those whom He permits to do good and to practice it, and among the number of those who see the straight road, for no one is without faults; someone who perceives his own weaknesses will forget those of others. May God permit us to die in the Sunna law of Muhammad. Amen, O Lord of the Worlds
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุฃุจูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ
Abรป Muhammad continued
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุตุญ ุนู† ุงู„ุญุณู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุณู…ุน ุฅู†ุณุงู†ู‹ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠู†ู‡ู‰ ุนู† ุงู„ุดุฑ ุฅู„ุง ู…ู† ู„ุง ูŠูุนู„ู‡ ูู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุญุณู† ูˆุฏ ุฅุจู„ูŠุณ ู„ูˆ ุธูุฑ ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ูŠู†ู‡ู‰ ุฃุญุฏ ุนู† ู…ู†ูƒุฑ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฃู…ุฑ ุจู…ุนุฑูˆู
Here is a true story about al-Hasan When he heard someone say that only a person who did no evil had the right to forbid evil, he replied, Satan would like us to believe that, and then nobody could forbid evil or ordain good
ูˆุฃู…ุง ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ู‡ู‰ ุนู† ุงู„ู†ู‡ูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฐู…ูˆู… ูู†ุญู† ู†ุนูŠุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ูู‡ูˆ ูุนู„ ู…ู† ู„ุง ุฎูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
As for thinking that he did not want to be condemned for a bad deed, God protect him from that! That would have been to act like a wicked man
ูˆู„ุง ูŠุธู† ุจุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ ุฅู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง
It cannot be believed that Abรป al-Aswad wanted to express any other idea
ู‚ุงู„ ุฃุจูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ
Abรป Muhammad continued
ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูŠู‚ุจู„ ุฅู† ูˆุนุธุช ูˆูŠู‚ุชุฏู‰ ... ุจุงู„ุนู„ู… ู…ู†ูƒ ูˆูŠู†ูุน ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ู
Then your sermons will be accepted, people will take their example from your knowledge and your teaching will be profitable
ูˆุงุจุฏุฃ ุจู†ูุณูƒ ูุงู†ู‡ู‡ุง ุนู† ุบูŠู‡ุง ... ูุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุชู‡ุช ุนู†ู‡ ูุฃู†ุช ุญูƒูŠู…ู
Start with yourself and forbid yourself your own misdeeds. If you stop devoting yourself to them you will become a wise man
ู„ุง ุชู†ู‡ ุนู† ุฎู„ู‚ ูˆุชุฃุชูŠ ู…ุซู„ู‡ ... ุนุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฅุฐุง ูุนู„ุช ุนุธูŠู…ู
Do not forbid a vice that you are given to yourself, for great shame will fall on you
ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู„ ุฃุจูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฏุคู„ูŠ
Abรป al-Aswad al-Duโ€˜alรฎ said this
ู‚ุงู„ ุฃุจูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ
Abรป Muhammad added
ู‚ุงู„ ุฃุจูˆ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูƒุฐุจ ู‚ุงุฆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุฃู‚ุจุญ ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ู† ู„ู… ูŠุฃู…ุฑ ุจุฎูŠุฑ ูˆู„ุง ู†ู‡ู‰ ุนู† ุดุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุดุฑ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ
Abรป Muhammad replied, The person who said that was lying. There is something more ugly, that is, not to preach good and not to preach against evil and also to allow oneself to act badly and not to do good
ูุงุนุชุฑุถ ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูู‚ุงู„ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุญุณู† ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู†ู‡ู‰ ุนู† ุดูŠุก ู„ุง ูŠุฃุชูŠู‡ ุฃุตู„ู‹ุง ูˆุฅุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุดูŠุก ูƒุงู† ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฐ ุจู‡ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญูƒู…ุฉ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ูŠู„ ุฃู‚ุจุญ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃู† ูŠุฃู…ุฑ ุจุดูŠุก ู„ุง ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุจู‡ ููŠ ู†ูุณู‡ ุฃูˆ ูŠู†ู‡ู‰ ุนู† ุดูŠุก ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡
Here someone contradicted, protesting, โ€˜When al-Hasan al-Basrรฎ - may Allah be satisfied with him - forbade something bad), he never did it himself, and when he ordained something good, he himself put his orders firmly into practice. Wisdom requires that we do the same, for it has been said that nothing is more odious than to preach something and not practise it, or to preach against an action and then to do it
ูˆู„ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠู†ู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ุดุฑ ุฅู„ุง ู…ู† ู„ูŠุณ ููŠู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก ูˆู„ุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ุฅู„ุง ู…ู† ุงุณุชูˆุนุจู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‡ู‰ ุฃุญุฏ ุนู† ุดุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุฎูŠุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู†ุจูŠ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… ูˆุญุณุจูƒ ุจู…ู† ุฃุฏู‰ ุฑุฃูŠู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูุณุงุฏู‹ุง ูˆุณูˆุก ุทุจุน ูˆุฐู… ุญุงู„ ูˆุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚
If it was only a man completely without sin who had the right to forbid evil, if it was only the man of perfect virtue who could teach the good, nobody yet would have forbidden evil or ordained the good since the death of the Prophet, peace be upon him. This should be enough to make clear to you the corruption, wickedness and opprobrium of anyone who might think this
ูุฑุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจู‡ ูู…ู† ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠู† ูู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชูˆูู‰ ุงู„ูุถูŠู„ุชูŠู† ู…ุนู‹ุง ูˆู…ู† ุนู„ู…ู‡ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ ุจู‡ ูู‚ุฏ ุฃุญุณู† ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆุฃุณุงุก ููŠ ุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจู‡ ูุฎู„ุท ุนู…ู„ู‹ุง ุตุงู„ุญู‹ุง ูˆุขุฎุฑ ุณูŠุฆู‹ุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฎูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุขุฎุฑ ู„ู… ูŠุนู„ู…ู‡ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ ุจู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ุง ุฎูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู…ุซู„ ุญุงู„ู‹ุง ูˆุฃู‚ู„ ุฐู…ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุขุฎุฑ ูŠู†ู‡ู‰ ุนู† ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ุฎูŠุฑ ูˆูŠุตุฏ ุนู†ู‡
It is a pious duty for Muslims to teach the good and to practise it. Anyone who does both these things at once is doing two virtuous deeds to perfection. But a person who contents himself with teaching the good without practicing it is acting well by teaching and acting badly by failing to put his teaching into practise, so mingling a good with a bad deed. This case is preferable to that of the person who would not teach the good any more than he would practise it. Such a man, although not virtuous, is more worthy of imitation, he is less blameworthy than someone who forbids the teaching of good and opposing anyone who practises it
ูˆู…ู† ุชุฑูุน ุนู…ุง ุชุฎุถุน ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ูู‡ูˆ ุฃุนุฒ ู…ู†ูƒ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ
Anyone who rises above the things of this world to which you kneel is mightier than you
ู…ู† ุงูƒุชูู‰ ุจู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‡ ุนู† ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูู‚ุฏ ุณุงูˆุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุบู†ู‰ ูˆู„ูˆ ุฃู†ูƒ ู‚ุงุฑูˆู† ุญุชู‰ ุฅุฐุง ุชุตุงูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุณุจ ุนู…ุง ุชุดุฑู‡ ุฃู†ุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูู‚ุฏ ุญุตู„ ุฃุบู†ู‰ ู…ู†ูƒ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ
A man who is content with the small fortune that he has and does not envy your opulence is as rich as you, even if you are a Croesus. If this man resists the bait of gain to which you have succumbed, he will be much richer than you
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃู‚ุจู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅู‚ุจุงู„ ุณุงู„ู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุฒุงุน ุนู†ู‡ ูˆุงู„ู†ุฒูˆุน ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุฅู‚ุจุงู„ ู…ู† ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุญุธ ู†ูุณู‡ ููŠ ูู‡ู… ู…ุง ุณู…ุน ูˆุฑุฃู‰ ูุชุฒูŠุฏ ุจู‡ ุนู„ู…ู‹ุง ูˆู‚ุจูˆู„ู‡ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ุฑุฏู‡ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุฎุทุฃ ูู…ุถู…ูˆู† ู„ูƒ ุฅู† ูุนู„ุช ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ูุถู„ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู…
On the contrary, consider what is being put to you as one would who is neither against it nor for it, one who wants to understand, to the best of his ability, what he has heard and read in order to increase his knowledge, to adopt the new ideas if they are good or reject them if they are erroneous. It is certain that if you behave like this you will be generally rewarded, greatly praised and your merit will be recognized
ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูู„ุง ุชู‚ุจู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅู‚ุจุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏู‚ ุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุญุณู† ุฅูŠุงู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุนู„ู…ูƒ ุจุตุญุชู‡ ุจุจุฑู‡ุงู† ู‚ุงุทุน ูุชุธู„ู… ููŠ ูƒู„ุง ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ูŠู† ู†ูุณูƒ ูˆุชุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
Neither should you accept them with the enthusiasm of someone who is credulous and convinced until you have assured yourself of their veracity by an irrefutable proof. In the two cases, you would be shutting your eyes and turning away from knowing the truth
ูˆุฅุฐุง ูˆุฑุฏ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฎุทุงุจ ุจู„ุณุงู† ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฌู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ุงู… ููŠ ูƒุชุงุจ ูุฅูŠุงูƒ ุฃู† ุชู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุบุงุถุจุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุนุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุบุงู„ุจุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ุชุชุจูŠู† ุจุทู„ุงู†ู‡ ุจุจุฑู‡ุงู† ู‚ุงุทุน
If certain statements are put to you verbally, or if you come across a written text, guard against reacting violently, which will bring about excesses in language, before you have assured yourself by irrefutable proof that the ideas expressed are erroneous
ูˆุฅูŠุงูƒ ูˆุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ุช ูˆู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงุจุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุทู„ุจ ุงู„ุบู„ุจุฉ ุจุบูŠุฑ ุนู„ู… ูู‡ู…ุง ุฎู„ู‚ุง ุณูˆุก ุฏู„ูŠู„ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ูˆูƒุซุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุถูˆู„ ูˆุถุนู ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ ูˆู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุณุฎู ูˆุญุณุจู†ุง ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆู†ุนู… ุงู„ูˆูƒูŠู„
Guard against the questions that a prejudiced man would ask or the ripostes of a show-off who is bent on being right without knowing anything about the matter. These two attitudes are bad they witness to absence of piety, a great tendency to verbiage, a weakness of spirit and considerable vanity. Let us commend the matter to God who is our best support
ูˆุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุฃู† ุชุฑุงุฌุน ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูˆุตูุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุนุงุฑุถ ุฌูˆุงุจู‡ ุจู…ุง ูŠู†ู‚ุถู‡ ู†ู‚ุถู‹ุง ุจูŠู†ู‹ุง ูุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุฅู„ุง ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถุฉ ุจู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุฑุงู‡ ุฎุตู…ูƒ ู…ุนุงุฑุถุฉ ูุฃู…ุณูƒ ูุฅู†ูƒ ู„ุง ุชุญุตู„ ุจุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฌุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุนู„ู… ุจู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุบูŠุธ ู„ูƒ ูˆู„ุฎุตู…ูƒ ูˆุงู„ุนุฏุงูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฑุจู…ุง ุฃุฏุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุถุฑุงุช
Thirdly, you can riposte as a scholar would, that is to say that you can reply to the arguments advanced in a way that refutes them clearly. If you are not capable of replying in this way, if you are able only to repeat yourself or to reply using arguments which your adversary will not find convincing, do not insist for you will not gain by your repetitions any extra result or any information. You will only succeed in annoying yourself and starting a hostility between the two of you which could have serious consequences
ููŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ู„ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ูุถูˆู„ูŠู‹ุง ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุตูุฉ ุณูˆุก ูุฅู† ุฃุฌุงุจูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณุฃู„ุช ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ู„ูƒ ูุงู‚ุทุน ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูˆุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠุฌุจูƒ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุฌุงุจูƒ ุจู…ุง ู„ู… ุชูู‡ู… ูู‚ู„ ู„ู‡ ู„ู… ุฃูู‡ู… ูˆุงุณุชุฒุฏู‡ ูุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠุฒุฏูƒ ุจูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ูˆุณูƒุช ุฃูˆ ุฃุนุงุฏ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ูุฃู…ุณูƒ ุนู†ู‡. ูˆุฅู„ุง ุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฑ ูˆุงู„ุนุฏุงูˆุฉ ูˆู„ู… ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุชุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
So do not play games, it is a bad fault. If the person you are asking replies satisfactorily, stop questioning. If his reply is not satisfactory, or if you do not understand it, say to him, I do not understand, and ask him to elaborate. If he does not explain himself more clearly, if he keeps silent or if he repeats what he said before without adding anything, keep silent, otherwise you will only bring upon yourself trouble and dislike, without obtaining the desired enlightenment
ูˆุตูุฉ ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุชุณุฃู„ ุนู…ุง ู„ุง ุชุฏุฑูŠ ู„ุง ุนู…ุง ุชุฏุฑูŠ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุนู…ุง ุชุฏุฑูŠู‡ ุณุฎู ูˆู‚ู„ุฉ ุนู‚ู„ ูˆุดุบู„ ู„ูƒู„ุงู…ูƒ ูˆู‚ุทุน ู„ุฒู…ุงู†ูƒ ุจู…ุง ู„ุง ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ู„ุง ู„ูƒ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุบูŠุฑูƒ ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงูƒุชุณุงุจ ุงู„ุนุฏุงูˆุงุช ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูุถูˆู„
What characterizes the questions asked by someone who wishes to learn is that he only asks about the points he does not know, not those he does know. To ask about what one already knows is a proof of ineptitude and a weak spirit, it is only palaver and a useless waste of time for oneself and for others. By doing this you will only provoke dislike and it will only be pure verbiage
ูุฅู† ู„ู… ุชูุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูุงุณุฃู„ ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู… ูุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ุญุงุณู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงุณุชุฒุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…
Secondly, if you do not behave like this, ask the questions which someone would ask who wished to learn. Then you will obtain, in addition to the four advantages just mentioned, a fifth, which is to increase your knowledge
ุฅู…ุง ุฃู† ุชุณูƒุช ุณูƒูˆุช ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงู„ ูุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฌุฑ ุงู„ู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุซู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุจู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูุถูˆู„ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ูƒุฑู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุณุฉ ูˆู…ูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุชุฌุงู„ุณ
First, you may keep quiet in the silence of ignorance. Thus you will obtain the reward of your intention in attending the study-session, praise for your reserve, dignity in your behaviour and the friendship of those you mix with
ูุฅุฐุง ุญุถุฑุชู‡ุง ูƒู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ูุงู„ุชุฒู… ุฃุญุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃูˆุฌู‡ ู„ุง ุฑุงุจุน ู„ู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ
If you do attend under the conditions that we have indicated, take care to adopt one of these three attitudes and there cannot be a fourth
ูุฅุฐุง ุญุถุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ูŠุฉ ูู‚ุฏ ุญุตู„ุช ุฎูŠุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุญุงู„ ูˆุฅู† ู„ู… ุชุญุถุฑู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ูŠุฉ ูุฌู„ูˆุณูƒ ููŠ ู…ู†ุฒู„ูƒ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ู„ุจุฏู†ูƒ ูˆุฃูƒุฑู… ู„ุฎู„ู‚ูƒ ูˆุฃุณู„ู… ู„ุฏูŠู†ูƒ
If you come to it with good intentions, you will always obtain the best results. Otherwise, to stay at home would be less tiring for your body, more worthy of your moral conduct and more salutary for your religious life
ุฅุฐุง ุญุถุฑุช ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุนู„ู… ูู„ุง ูŠูƒู† ุญุถูˆุฑูƒ ุฅู„ุง ุญุถูˆุฑ ู…ุณุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู…ู‹ุง ูˆุฃุฌุฑู‹ุง ู„ุง ุญุถูˆุฑ ู…ุณุชุบู† ุจู…ุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุทุงู„ุจู‹ุง ุนุซุฑุฉ ุชุดูŠุนู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุชุดู†ุนู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฐุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุง ูŠูู„ุญูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง
If you attend a study-session, behave only like someone who wishes to increase his knowledge and to win greater recompense from God. Do not behave like someone who is content with what he has, who is looking for some fault to criticise or a curious detail to hawk around. This would be the behaviour of vile men who never succeed in their studies
ูุตู„ ููŠ ุญุถูˆุฑ ู…ุฌุงู„ุณ ุงู„ุนู„ู…
XII) On the Way to Attend Study-Sessions
ูู…ู† ู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุดูƒุฑ ู…ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงุทู„ ุฃูˆ ุจู…ุญุงุจุงุชู‡ ููŠู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุฌูˆุฒ ูู‚ุฏ ูƒูุฑ ู†ุนู…ุฉ ุฃุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุนู…ูŠู† ูˆุฌุญุฏ ุฅุญุณุงู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุณู†ูŠู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูˆู„ู… ูŠุดูƒุฑ ูˆู„ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒุฑ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ูˆู„ุง ุญู…ุฏ ุฃู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ุฃุตู„ู‹ุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฒ ูˆุฌู„ ูˆู…ู† ุญุงู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุณู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจุงุทู„ ูˆุฃู‚ุงู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ ูู‚ุฏ ุดูƒุฑู‡ ุญู‚ู‹ุง ูˆุฃุฏู‰ ูˆุงุฌุจ ุญู‚ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆูู‰ ูˆู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุง ูˆุขุฎุฑู‹ุง ูˆุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุญุงู„
Anyone who imagines that he is thanking a benefactor by helping him to do evil, or by taking his side when he should not, would be denying the gifts of the greatest of his benefactors, whose gifts he would be failing to recognize. He would not be rendering thanks to Him to whom all thanks truly belong, he would not be praising Him who is the essence of praiseworthiness, that is to say, Allรขh the Almighty. Anyone who steps between his benefactor and evil, leading him back to the bitter truth, would be showing true gratitude and would be fulfilling perfectly his obligation towards him. Praises be to God at first and at last and in all circumstances
ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูุฅู† ุฅุญุณุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูˆุฅู†ุนุงู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุญุงู„ ุฃุนุธู… ูˆุฃู‚ุฏู… ูˆุฃู‡ู†ุฃ ู…ู† ู†ุนู…ุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ู†ุนู… ุฏูˆู†ู‡ ุนุฒ ูˆุฌู„ ูู‡ูˆ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุดู‚ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุจุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุธุฑุฉ ูˆูุชู‚ ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ุขุฐุงู† ุงู„ุณุงู…ุนุฉ ูˆู…ู†ุญู†ุง ุงู„ุญูˆุงุณ ุงู„ูุงุถู„ุฉ ูˆุฑุฒู‚ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุทู‚ ูˆุงู„ุชู…ูŠูŠุฒ ุงู„ู„ุฐูŠู† ุจู‡ู…ุง ุงุณุชุฃู‡ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ูŠุฎุงุทุจู†ุง ูˆุณุฎุฑ ู„ู†ุง ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณู…ูˆุงุช ูˆู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุงูƒุจ ูˆุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ. ุซู… ูˆู„ู… ูŠูุถู„ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุฆูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุณูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู… ุนู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู…ูˆุงุช ูู‚ุท ูุฃูŠู† ุชู‚ุน ู†ุนู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุนู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุนู…
Moreover, the goodness and benefactions of God towards each one of His creatures are much more considerable, more longstanding, more salutary than those of any other benefactor. Indeed, it is the Almighty who has opened our eyes to see, who has pierced our ears to hear, it is He who has granted us the other excellent senses and has endowed us with speech and discernment, two benefits by grace of which we have been made able to hear His words. He has subjected to our service everything which exists in the skies and upon the earth โ€“ stars and elements โ€“ and has placed none of His creatures above us, except only His holy angels, the inhabitants of the heavens. What are the gifts of men compared with these
ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูƒุฑ ุนูˆู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุซุงู… ูˆุชุฑูƒ ู†ุตูŠุญุชู‡ ููŠู…ุง ูŠูˆุชุบ ุจู‡ ุฏูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุฏู†ูŠุงู‡ ุจู„ ู…ู† ุนุงูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุญุณู† ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุงุทู„ ูู‚ุฏ ุบุดู‡ ูˆูƒูุฑ ุฅุญุณุงู†ู‡ ูˆุธู„ู…ู‡ ูˆุฌุญุฏ ุฅู†ุนุงู…ู‡
However, it is no part of gratitude to assist someone is committing sin and not to advise him in the cases where he doing himself harm in this world and the next. On the deceiving him, denying his benefactions, acting unjustly in his respect and failing to recognize his goodness
ุดูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุนู… ูุฑุถ ูˆุงุฌุจ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑุถุฉ ู„ู‡ ุจู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ุฃุญุณู† ูุฃูƒุซุฑ ุซู… ุจุงู„ุชู‡ู…ู… ุจุฃู…ูˆุฑู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุฃุชูŠ ุจุญุณู† ุงู„ุฏูุงุน ุนู†ู‡ ุซู… ุจุงู„ูˆูุงุก ู„ู‡ ุญูŠู‹ุง ูˆู…ูŠุชู‹ุง ูˆู„ู…ู† ูŠุชุตู„ ุจู‡ ู…ู† ุณุงู‚ุฉ ูˆุฃู‡ู„ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุ› ุซู… ุจุงู„ุชู…ุงุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฏู‡ ูˆู†ุตูŠุญุชู‡ ูˆู†ุดุฑ ู…ุญุงุณู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ูˆุทูŠ ู…ุณุงูˆูŠู‡ ู…ุง ุฏู…ุช ุญูŠู‹ุง ูˆุชูˆุฑูŠุซ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู‚ุจูƒ ูˆุฃู‡ู„ ูˆุฏูƒ
Gratitude towards a benefactor is a necessary obligation. To fulfill it, you should at least render to him the good that he had done to you, and more. Afterwards you should show interest in his affairs, protect him as much as possible, keep faithfully to promises you have made him, in his life or after his death, and to his relations, both distant and close. Thus you should continue to show affection to him, to give him advice. You should make his good qualities known truthfully and you should conceal his faults. These obligations lie upon you for the rest of your life and should be handed down to your descendents and to those you love
ู„ูƒู† ุฅู†ู…ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู† ูŠุฑุบุจ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุนุงู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชูƒุซุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุถุงุฆู„ ูˆุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุณุชุญู‚ ู…ู† ู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุญุณู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุญ ูˆุญู…ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุตูุฉ. ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุฑ ุจู‡ ู…ู† ุจุงุฑุฆู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ูˆุชุฌุนู„ู‡ ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนุฒ ูˆุฌู„ ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ูุนู‡ ูˆูŠุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุจู‚ุงุก ูุงุฆุฏุชู‡ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุจูŠุฏ ุฃุจุฏ ุงู„ุฃุจุฏ ูˆุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚
On the contrary, a wise man should aspire only to multiply his virtues and good deeds, which make the one who applies himself to them merit a good reputation, praise, commendation and a praiseworthy reputation which will bring him nearer to his Creator and will be useful in remembering him to the Almighty. He will keep himself in this beneficial state and will never be lost for all eternity; assistance is from God
ุซู… ู„ูŠุชููƒุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ู…ู† ุฐูƒุฑ ุจุฎูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจุดุฑ ู‡ู„ ูŠุฒูŠุฏู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนุฒ ูˆุฌู„ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒุณุจู‡ ูุถูŠู„ุฉ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุญุงุฒู‡ุง ุจูุนู„ู‡ ุฃูŠุงู… ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ ูุงู„ุฑุบุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ุฑุบุจุฉ ุบุฑูˆุฑ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู„ู‡ ูˆู„ุง ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ุฃุตู„ู‹ุง
We should also think of those who were famous for their good deeds or their bad deeds; did their fame raise them one single degree in the sight of God? Did it win them a reward that they had not already won by their actions during their life? Since this is so, the desire to be famous is nothing but the desire for something absolutely senseless and useless
ูู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆุฅู† ุฐูƒุฑ ุจุฑู‡ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู‡ุฑ ุฅู„ุง ูƒู…ู† ุฎู„ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ุบุงุจุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุซู… ู†ุณูˆุง ุฌู…ู„ุฉ
Even if the memory of a man persists for a short period of time, would that in itself make him any different from those who lived in olden times in nations that have disappeared and of which the memory also persisted a short while before being completely lost
ูˆู…ู† ุฌู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูู„ูŠุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุฎุจุฑ ุนู† ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ู…ู† ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฌูŠุงู„ ุงู„ุณุงู„ูุฉ ุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู…ุง ุจุฃูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุจู†ูŠ ุฅุณุฑุงุฆูŠู„ ูู‚ุท ุซู… ู…ุง ุจุฃูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ูˆุงู„ูุฑุณ ูˆูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง ูŠุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุฃู„ููŠ ุนุงู… ูุฃูŠู† ุฐูƒุฑ ู…ู† ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุฃู„ูŠุณ ู‚ุฏ ุฏุซุฑ ูˆูู†ูŠ ูˆุงู†ู‚ุทุน ูˆู†ุณูŠ ุฃู„ุจุชุฉ
Let me tell anyone who did not already know it that there does not exist anywhere in the world the smallest scrap of information about any of the earthly sovereigns or the ancient generations who preceded menโ€™s historical knowledge, which begins with the kings of Israel. And everything that we know of the history of the sovereigns of Greece and of Persia does not go back further than two thousand years. Where is the remembrance of the men who peopled the earth before them? Is it not, in fact, totally wiped out, disappeared, vanished, forgotten
ุซู… ู…ู† ุงู„ูุถู„ุงุก ุงู„ุตุงู„ุญูŠู† ู…ู† ุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ุฃู†ุจูŠุงุก ุงู„ุณุงู„ููŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฒู‡ุงุฏ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ูู„ุงุณูุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุงุฑ ูˆู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูˆุจู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ุฎุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฃุชุจุงุน ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ู‚ุทุนุช ุฃุฎุจุงุฑู‡ู… ูˆู„ู… ูŠุจู‚ ู„ู‡ู… ุนู†ุฏ ุฃุญุฏ ุนู„ู… ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุญุฏ ุจู‡ู… ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฃุตู„ู‹ุง ุฃู„ุจุชุฉ ูู‡ู„ ุถุฑ ู…ู† ูƒุงู† ูุงุถู„ู‹ุง ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ุต ู…ู† ูุถุงุฆู„ู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุทู…ุณ ู…ู† ู…ุญุงุณู†ู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุญุท ุฏุฑุฌุชู‡ู… ุนู†ุฏ ุจุงุฑุฆู‡ู… ุนุฒ ูˆุฌู„
Secondly, there have been, among the good and virtuous men who were the companions of the Prophets in ancient times, ascetics, philosophers, scholars, excellent men, kings of nations which have disappeared, founders of cities which are now deserted, courtesans of princes whose history has also not come down to us. Nobody knows anything about them nowadays and nobody has the slightest knowledge that they existed. Has that fact harmed any of them that were virtuous? Has it diminished their merit, destroyed their good deeds, has it lowered them in the eyes of their Almighty Creator
ุฃุญุฏู‡ู…ุง ูƒุซุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูุถู„ุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุจูŠุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฑุณู„ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ูˆุณู„ู… ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุงุŒ ู„ู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ู… ูŠุจู‚ ู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฏูŠู… ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงุณู… ูˆู„ุง ุฑุณู… ูˆู„ุง ุฐูƒุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุฎุจุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุซุฑ ุจูˆุฌู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆู‡
First, that there have been in earlier times a great number of virtuous Prophets and Messengers of God โ€“ God grant them His blessing โ€“ of whom nobody on the surface of the earth remembers the name, nor any trace, nor any memory, nor their history, nor the slightest thing about them
ุซู… ู„ูŠุชููƒุฑ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ู…ุนู†ูŠูŠู† ุนุธูŠู…ูŠู†
He should also consider two important points
ูู„ุง ุจุฏ ู…ู† ู„ุงุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุณุจูŠู„ ู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฐูƒุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุฐูƒุฑ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ุญูŠู‹ุง ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠุจู„ุบู‡
There is no doubt that the answer would be No, for any other answer would be impossible. Having convinced himself of this truth, the man must understand that when he is dead he will have no possibility of knowing whether he is famous or not. Moreover he would not know while he was still alive if nobody told him
ูŠุง ู†ูุณ ุฃุฑุฃูŠุช ู„ูˆ ุฐูƒุฑุช ุจุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู‚ุทุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ูˆุฑ ุฃุจุฏ ุงู„ุฃุจุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‚ุถุงุก ุงู„ุฏู‡ุฑ ุซู… ู„ู… ูŠุจู„ุบู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆู„ุง ุนุฑูุช ุจู‡ ุฃูƒุงู† ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณุฑูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุบุจุทุฉ ุฃู… ู„ุง
O my soul, if you were gloriously famous in all the countries of the world, for all eternity and to the end of time, but if I was not told about it about it and if I knew nothing about it, do you think I would be happy or satisfied about it, yes or not
ูˆุฃู…ุง ู…ู† ุนู„ู‚ ูˆู‡ู…ู‡ ูˆููƒุฑู‡ ุจุฃู† ูŠุจุนุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฐูƒุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู‡ุฑ ูู„ูŠููƒุฑ ููŠ ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆู„ูŠู‚ู„ ู„ู‡ุง
As for the man who has the ambition and the obsession to spread his fame to every country and to be remembered throughout the centuries, let him reflect and say to his soul
ูู„ูŠู‚ู„ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ููƒูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุชูƒูˆู†ูŠู† ู„ูˆ ู„ู… ุชุนู„ู…ูŠ ุจุฃู† ู‡ู‡ู†ุง ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุณุชุฑ ุนู†ูƒ ูุชุฑุจุญูŠ ุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ูˆุทุฑุฏ ุงู„ู‡ู… ูˆุฃู„ู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ ูˆู‚ุจุญ ุตูุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑู‡ ูˆุชู„ูƒ ุบู†ุงุฆู… ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุงุญ ุฌู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุฃุบุฑุงุถ ูุงุถู„ุฉ ุณู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุฑุบุจ ุงู„ุนุงู‚ู„ ููŠู‡ุง. ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฒู‡ุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุชุงู… ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต
Then he should say to his soul, Act as if you did not know that there was something there being hidden from you. Then you can relax and you will be able to drive away your anxiety and calm your painful agitation and your hateful greed. These are numerous victories, considerable gains, and noble ambitions to which a wise man aspires and which only someone totally lacking disdains
ุซู… ู„ู†ุฒุฏ ุงุญุชุฌุงุฌู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆุงู‡ ูู„ูŠู‚ู„ ุจู„ุณุงู† ุนู‚ู„ู‡ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ูŠุง ู†ูุณ ุฃุฑุฃูŠุช ุฅู† ู„ู… ุชุนู„ู…ูŠ ุฃู† ู‡ู‡ู†ุง ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุฃุฎููŠ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃูƒู†ุช ุชุทู„ุนูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู… ู„ุง ูู„ุง ุจุฏ ู…ู† ู„ุง
He should multiply the arguments directed against his passion, and he should speak to his soul with the voice of reason, O my soul, if you did not know that there was something there being hidden from you, do you think that you would worry about getting to know it? There is no doubt that the answer would be No
ูˆุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠู‡ุชู… ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงุฎุชููŠ ุจู‡ ุนู†ู‡ ุฅู„ุง ูƒุณุงุฆุฑ ู…ุง ุบุงุจ ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ ุณูˆุงุก ุจุณูˆุงุก ูˆู„ุง ูุฑู‚
On the other hand if he is not worried about these other things, is the thing hidden from him not the same as these things that do not worry him, absolutely identical in fact
ูุฅู† ุงู‡ุชู… ุจูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู†ูˆู† ุชุงู… ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆู† ุนุฏูŠู… ุงู„ุนู‚ู„ ุฃู„ุจุชุฉ
If the person worries about them he is completely mad and totally lacking in reason
ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑุงู† ู„ุง ูŠูƒุงุฏ ูŠุณู„ู… ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุง ุฃุญุฏ ุฅู„ุง ุณุงู‚ุท ุงู„ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุฑุงุถ ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู…ุฉ ูˆู‚ู…ุน ู‚ูˆุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ ุงู„ุบุถุจูŠุฉ ู‚ู…ุนู‹ุง ูƒุงู…ู„ู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ุนุงู†ู‰ ู…ุฏุงูˆุงุฉ ุดุฑู‡ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณู…ุงุน ูƒู„ุงู… ุชุณุชุฑ ุจู‡ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุดูŠุก ุฃูƒุชู… ุจู‡ ุฏูˆู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ูŠููƒุฑ ููŠู…ุง ุบุงุจ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ููŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุถุนู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุจู„ ููŠ ุฃู‚ุทุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ุชุจุงูŠู†ุฉ
There are longings from which hardly anyone is exempt, except a man whose thoughts are completely vile or one who has trained himself by a perfect system of discipline and has completely tamed the power of his angry soul. In order to cure the avid desire that the soul feels to seize information that one wants to conceal from it or to see an object that one wants to hide from him, you should think of all the things of the same kind which escape him in places where he has not been, let alone the most distant areas of the earth
ูุตู„ ููŠ ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠุณุชุฑ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ู† ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุณู…ูˆุน ุฃูˆ ุดูŠุก ูŠุฏู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฏุญ ูˆุจู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑ
XI) A Manโ€™s Desire to Know, What you Should Tell Him and Not Tell Him, and How to be Praised and Renowned
ูˆู„ูˆ ุนู„ู… ุฐูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฃูŠ ุงู„ูุงุณุฏ ู…ุง ุงุณุชุถุฑ ุจู‡ ู…ู† ูุณุงุฏ ุชุฏุจูŠุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงู„ู ู„ุฃู†ุฌุญ ุจุชุฑูƒู‡ ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ู‡ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุณุชุฃู†ู ูˆุจุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠู‚
If a man whose own judgement is poor only knew what harm his false calculations had brought upon him so far, he would find success in the future if he stopped relying on his own judgement, Allรขh guide us