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The following is an excerpt from a practical and encouraging article a good friend posted yesterday. We have known each other twelve years now. He has been a tremendous source of information and inspiration to me as my husband and I strive to best parent a child (now, a young adult) on the autism spectrum. As someone on the spectrum himself, he has a specialized perspective on how to navigate this world. As a person of faith, he is kind and compassionate, full of grace. Here, he explains how we might view meltdowns, not only as a negative, but leaning in to them, they might be a coping mechanism.

Two new undercover videos seem to show Planned Parenthood employees at clinics ignoring claims of statutory rape and advising pimps on how to get an unreported abortion for underage prostitutes. In two new videos from Live Action, "Aiding Abusers: Planned Parenthood's Cover-Up of Child Sex Abuse," the pro-life group shows undercover investigators talking with clinic employees. Live Action claims that its undercover sex trafficking investigation found eight different Planned Parenthood employees at seven different facilities in different states “showed a willingness to aid and abet sex traffickers.” "Rather than reporting suspected abuse to authorities, Planned Parenthood has repeatedly looked the other way," Live Action President Lila Rose said in a statement. "Because of Planned Parenthood's atrocious record of returning victims to their abusers to suffer yet more abuse, Live Action has worked for a decade to expose the systemic abuse cover-up." Planned Parenthood officials have not responded to the investigations. In the video investigation of sex trafficking, undercover investigators posed as pimps and prostitutes to ask employees how they could get an abortion for underage girls. Undercover investigators said they were involved in “sex work” and worked with young girls about 14 to 15 years old. However, in one instance, a clinic worker tells the pimp that there is a bit of “play room” for rules dealing with minors. "So as long they just lie and say, 'Oh, she's 15, 16.' You know, as long as they don't say 14 and as long as it's not too much of an age gap then we just kind of like, then we just kind of like play it," the clinic worker is seen saying in the video. In the video investigation of statutory rape, a clinic worker advises a 13-year-old undercover investigator who tells the worker that her boyfriend was 31. The employee tells the girl she doesn’t want to know the age because she would then have to report the case as rape and sexual abuse. She told the girl to say her boyfriend was 14. In an Arizona clinic, the investigation found workers giving similar advice. "You don't have to say anything," the clinic worker says. "It's your choice, it is your private life. I mean as long as you are not being forced to have sex." Photo courtesy: Flickr.com Publication date: June 8, 2018

Project 2 at Lehman College painting class…Landscape. My favorite theme. Using a photo I took of the lake at Van Cortland Park in the Bronx I wanted to create a stylized painting on a panel. I used a sponge brush only. More muted colors than I usually use. Acrylic on panel board 18″x24″. Then I painted a companion piece focusing in on a detail of the photo. Acrylic on stretched canvas 11″x14″. I found that I achieved a more painterly effect with canvas than on board. Such fun painting at Lehman College. What’s next?? In another galaxy away from my blog for many months, I have been reclaiming my true self mentally. I had to withdraw from the world in order to get off a very powerful and destructive antidepressant I had been on for 16 years. DISCLAIMER: This is my story and I am not endorsing that antidepressants are bad and everyone has to stop talking them. Please follow your doctor’s advice. Never stop cold turkey. It’s extremely dangerous. Okay so I have been on psychiatric medication since the 1960s off and on. The reason was I had childhood trauma. They have been helpful for many of those years. However, I’m 65 now and many things physically are different. The last 16 years on the last medication was actually too long and I was becoming less productive in the last year. I started to experience more fear and anxiety. Less creativity. Withdrawal from people. More drugs were added and I got worse. I was under the drug spell. Believing that the drug was better than no drug. Until I went to pick up the latest drug and the pharmacist said the co-pay was $283!!!! For one month!!!! Faced with maintaining the suppression of depression or paying rent and eating I pushed the drugs back to the pharmacist and said “I don’t need these thank you “. Called my psychiatrist and said I’m over all these chemicals that are making me feel numb. I m over being dependent on meds that have me spellbound. So she didn’t try to change my mind and she agreed to wean me off. It took 5 months of being dizzy, having brain zapping, leg pain, insomnia, anxiety, days when I couldn’t leave my house because I was not able to feel grounded. But today it’s 46 days clean!!! 46 days and I am seeing that I am not a depressed person. I stopped being depressed after I went back to doing my art. I do experience down times which is life but I embrace them. I am using exercise, diet, mindful practice, and walking in nature as my antidepressant. Another thing I became aware of was the depression I experienced had a lot to do with the anxiety of my untreated ADHD. So now I’m just treating my ADHD with less medication since I have stopped the antidepressant. I’m a different person today. I did accomplish some wonderful things last month. A successful art show and sale. Preparing a iPad art workshop for the National Association of Women Artists for June. And this summer I am mentoring a 10 year old girl in art. And I negotiated a workshop for young men leaving prison to learn to create art on their iPads. The organization is called Getting Out and Staying Out. I am the Jedi Artist who has returned! THE ART SHOW THE WITHDRAWAL PAINTINGS In the past few weeks my painting has morphed into an abstract landscape that is a new style from my impressionist one. The truth is that in the last 4 months I’ve been withdrawing from a very powerful antidepressant after being on it for 16 years. Last year I realized how it was making me worse and I am not depressed anymore. So powerful is this drug that my brain has zapping which feels like electrical shocks are piercing the cells. I’m dizzy, have brain fog and my legs cramped so badly I couldn’t walk for 3 weeks. But now the real me is emerging. I can finally feel myself coming out. So I actually did this painting in withdrawal. And I also did the previous painting in withdrawal. And the experience was a struggle to focus my vision (blurred vision was a part of withdrawal). But here it is. I believe the real me is finally emerging. THIS IS THE FINISHED PAINTING!!! HOW TO GET OFF THE HINDENBURG! My mind is still spinning. How did so many people drink the Kool Aid???? We’ve lost our minds. The challenge is existing in a country run by a narcissistic sexual predator for 4 years. I’ve been afraid to post my feelings of this election but this is MY blog so I can do whatever I want. However, I’m not going to give attention to the future “Not My President “. As an artist I am guided to help the pain in the world by creating beauty again. I don’t want to do anything political in art. I want to paint serenity in a time of darkness. My art has never been motivated by politics. My paintings are to escape insanity and to remind people that there is beauty. I’m a mature artist so I will leave politics for the younger generation. The generation that tells me my art is “over the couch art “. Great I’ll take that market. I’m not proud. A lot of people like pretty paintings. Anyway, my point is the lack of creativity and culture in our country created this mess. A creative mind would never have been led down this path. The mind that thinks creatively would see and hear the bullshit. The way out was limited but the choice made was a misinformed one. A creative mind sees a bigger picture. A creative mind experiences life with multiple options. It is not led by others. That’s why people think artists are strange. Different. My mission is to get people to start creating. I want them to start to think like an artist. No talent needed. Just an open mind. Unlock imagination. Let go of fear and worry. Look at beauty again. Love people. Stop comparing. Stop complaining. The call to action is start thinking about what’s really important to you and your community. Don’t go down the rabbit hole with toxic people. No one has the power to take away your thinking. Your decisions. Your life. Your country. We gave over our power and listened to lies. We only heard what we wanted. As an artist I have to get people to get their own minds back teaching them creativity. I have to create paintings of beauty. THE WORLD CAN BE BEAUTIFUL AGAIN IF WE WORK TOGETHER. A few of my “over the couch” paintings. August 12th I had carpel tunnel surgery on my right hand. It’s my dominant hand. So I took the time to relax and heal. However, it eventually took me down the mental rabbit hole. I ended up depressed, lonely and blocked creatively. It was like my mind was empty. A dust bin. I couldn’t think and forget posting on my blog. Weeks were passing and now I have feelings of failure. I want to write a blog post but I feel stupid. It’s been forever. I’m a terrible blogger with an artist block!!!! And then I realized that my blog is about coming back from an artist block. Isn’t life always about the comebacks. The artist comeback can be a Phoenix rising. A new path, a different story. And actually I have a new theme I started in my paintings. I have added figures to my landscapes. The figures are faceless children ( they are me or you) and they are escaping into landscapes. This is the first of a group that I will be working on.

Join the Conversation To find out more about Facebook commenting please read the Conversation Guidelines and FAQs Train strikes 2 young children in northwestern Indiana PORTAGE, Ind. — Police say a freight train struck two young children walking along railroad tracks in northwestern Indiana, killing one of them and severely injuring the other. Portage Police Chief Troy Williams said the surviving child was airlifted to a hospital following the incident Tuesday morning. The Northwest Indiana Times reports police were still investigating how the children, described as brother and sister, ended up on the tracks that run along the edge of a mobile home park in Portage. The children's names and ages were not immediately available. CSX train personnel told investigators they saw the children, honked and tried to stop but could not before striking them. This story via The Associated Press.

With our projects, we aim to foster best practices, knowledge and understanding around digitalisation. Also of particular importance to us is that we can connect and bring together the brightest minds, visionaries and pioneers to think about opportunities and challenges of digitalisation. We not only want to talk the talk, but walk the walk! Thus, we try to see further and implement concrete projects, while at the same time being in a dialogue and intense exchange with the Swiss public. Commitment to political framework conditions that support a thriving innovation ecosystem To promote both innovation in Switzerland and digital transformation in all areas of society, it takes not only business and academia, but also the support and willpower of the government to move ahead. Ideal framework conditions are necessary to make use of the potential of digitalisation. Therefore, an intensive exchange between business, academia and governmental stakeholders is essential and stimulating at the same time. Digital Action Plan To move Switzerland forward, a Digital Action Plan was established in 2017. It encompasses Within this Digital Action Plan, six action fields filled with concrete implementation projects, out of which specific recommendations were created. The action fields include the following: - Society | Digital Transformation - Business | Ecosystem | Innovation - Education | Research - Infrastructure | Data Policy - Cyber Security Within the Digital Action Plan, digitalswitzerland organises workshops for its members to push the projects forward, together with relevant partners from the network. Deepdive issues include blockchain technology, cybersecurity and health. Ideas such as the E-ID, mobility initiative as well as push for 5G have their origins within this project. 100 Digital Shapers of Switzerland In cooperation with Bilanz and a jury of experts, digitalswitzerland nominates each year the top 100 digital shapers of Switzerland. Together with the digital shapers, digitalswitzerland launched the digital manifesto, which found its way into the Digital Action Plan. For 2018, digitalswitzerland and Bilanz are looking for the next generation of digital shapers. Check out the digital shapers of 2017 here. Education & Talent Improving digital skills, for current employees and for the next generation A truly innovative economy is based on both a solid education that builds on the past and looks to the future as well as talent development. As digitalswitzerland’s mission is to make Switzerland a leading digital innovation hub – worldwide, our Education & Talent initiative promotes digitalisation in both those areas. From compulsory and tertiary education to apprenticeship and lifelong learning, we aim to encourage and promote digital skills and competencies throughout the country for all ages and interests. Visit www.educationdigital.ch to see current offerings Our initiative «nextgeneration» supports digital education offerings for children and adolescents to start early to create curiosity and build fundamental skills. Our job is to connect these existing platforms and provide reach and publicity via our channels and network. Learn more about our initiative «nextgeneration» Helping entrepreneurs to grow and scale – providing members with high-speed access to innovation Young entrepreneurs are the source of new and brilliant ideas, moving with great agility. At the same time, they benefit from a strong community to overcome obstacles during the set-up of their business and when seeking to scale. Our initiatives provide startups with vital business knowledge and coaching, offer rich networking opportunities and provide access to funding. In a world in flux, companies need to unlock new ideas and business models to stay on top and compete with new global players. Our corporate members and sponsors benefit from high-speed access to leading startups and top talents that can help them accelerate their own ideas and digital transformation processes. Market entry Bootcamps – For International Startups The Market Entry Bootcamps present international startups with a deep-dive into the Swiss entrepreneurship ecosystem via access to leading Swiss corporations, Swiss accelerator and incubator programs as well as public institutions. Scale up Bootcamps – For National Startups The Scale up Bootcamp offers Swiss Scale up startups rich business development opportunities with industry leaders to accelerate their businesses. More information on our Startup Bootcamps Venture Kick and its programs and events aim to close the gaps within the Swiss innovation chain. Venture Kick focuses on supporting the development of both Swiss and international founders, from the first idea to the successful scaling for international markets. Learn more: www.venturekick.com Startup Invest is Switzerland’s leading financing platform for Swiss High-Tech Startups. Next to being a matchmaking platform between investors and startups for all range of investments from Seed to later stage investments, it is also the main force for the professionalization of the Business Angel and Venture Capital ecosystem in Switzerland. Learn more: www.startupinvest.ch Bundling forces and fostering cross-sector collaboration to enable innovation One country, one company or one individual alone cannot overcome the challenges of digitalisation. Creative solutions and collaborative know-how is needed to guide our businesses into the digital future. An interdisciplinary approach is key. For this reason, digitalswitzerland launched the digitalswitzerland challenge. With the challenge, digitalswitzerland enables interdisciplinary and cross-sector teams to implement their innovative ambitions within a competitive framework. We call these ambitions bets, because for Switzerland’s future we want to go all in. As Switzerland has always excelled in collaboration and innovation to overcome challenges, we are confident that we will also win these bets. The ambitious program puts Switzerland, its companies, the local academia and politics at the heart of digitalization. See challenge.digitalswitzerland for more information. Leading a meaningful dialogue with the public At the heart of digitalswitzerland’s activities are the question marks, fears and curiosity hopes of the Swiss public. What does digitalization mean in concrete terms for all of us? For this reason, digitalswitzerland has launched Switzerland’s first Digital Day, which took place on 21 November 2017. Together with more than 40 partner companies and institutions under the patronage of Swiss President Doris Leuthard and Federal Councilor Johann Schneider-Ammann, digitalswitzerland started the dialogue with the Swiss public and made digitalization a unique experience. The next Digital Day is already in the making: On 25 October 2018, we aim to include even more people, partners and regions into this big day dedicated to all things digital!

Question: Congratulations on your upcoming inaugural. How do you feel being the person to deliver the first inaugural at FUOYE? Answer: Honestly speaking I must confess that when I approached the Management of FUOYE about delivering my inaugural lecture, I was just doing the needful expected of a Professor in a university to make a public presentation of the results of his/her findings that earned him/ her the Professorial chair. That the lecture is going to be the first in FUOYE didn’t cross my mind at all. All these 1st, 100th or 1000 are just numbers, what is more important is the contribution one is making to improve the lots of the society. However given the many congratulatory messages I have received and the way the news of my presenting the first inaugural lecture in FUOYE has been circulated, I appreciate the honour and recognition providence has accorded me for delivering the first inaugural lecture of the university. I think it’s a plus for the women folk that we can competitively lead in serious matters and excel. Question: Your focus is on replacing petrochemicals with biochemicals derived from plant oil. Should countries that rely on petrochemicals such as Nigeria be worried? Answer: In an age of fluctuating oil prices, global warming and other environmental problems (e.g. waste) the change from fossil feedstock to renewable resources can considerably contribute to a sustainable development in the future. Especially plant derived fats and oils bear a large potential for the substitution of currently used petrochemicals, since monomers, fine chemicals and polymers can be derived from these resources in a straightforward fashion. The synthesis of monomers as well as polymers from plant fats and oils has already found some industrial application and recent developments in this field offer promising new opportunities, The use of renewable raw materials as feedstocks for chemical production is continually suggested as offering several advantages over conventional petrochemical feedstocks, including a lowered demand for diminishing crude oil supplies, greater sustainability of the raw material source, the ability to recycle CO2, the security of domestic feedstock supplies, and a source of new, structurally interesting building blocks with new properties and applications. But nations that rely on fossil resources for their economy like Nigeria should not worry much because unlike the picture a few decades ago, it now appears that this process will take many decades and the speed of the transition from petrochemicals to oleochemicals will depend crucially on factors such as the health of the global economy, progress in R&D into new plant oils, and wider political developments. Countries like Nigeria are very rich in flora and if they focus on the right priorities, they would remain the champions even when eventually there is the desired move from petrochemicals to oleochemicals for the global benefit of all Question: How ready do you think the world is for a post-crude oil economy? Is this likely ever to come true? Answer: We’ll never know if we don’t take a few small steps forward. Considering the incremental steps that have been taken towards a post-crude oil economy globally, one can say that a lot has been done in this direction. As they say, Rome wasn’t built in a day. Petroleum is fossil fuel from millions of years ago. We have to end our dependence on them. Cheap petroleum is ending and their decline will commence in the near future. These fuels pervade our lives. We have to reshape every aspect of our lives – how we work, live, eat, and how we relate to one another. This will take decades but we need a Plan B. This can only happen if everyone participates in these changes in an open and informed way. It can only happen if the changes are fair and equitable. Building trust is important. This will not happen with “top down” command approaches where leaders say “we know best”. This is not a reflection on their competence, rather it reflects on the complexity of the task. Biomass based materials are normally assumed to be more expensive to use than existing petrochemicals. However, a closer examination indicates that cost is not nearly as large an issue as is commonly assumed. Many of the chemical building blocks available from biomass can be obtained at costs that are very competitive with existing building blocks in the chemical industry. In a very broad sense, either a petrochemical based industry or a biomass based industry faces issues of supply, separation, and conversion. In contrast, processes for raw material or building block conversion are significantly better understood for petrochemical based starting materials. Many of these processes are highly efficient, and proceed in very high yield. Many of the products can be made from several different routes. Importantly, most of these processes are thoroughly understood at the molecular level. The amazing process control that is the hallmark of many industrial processes is achieved through a deep understanding of discrete chemical mechanism of transformation. Most of these features are not well developed in the biobased products industry. Accordingly, we have been investigating new methodologies to improve the science available for the conversion of renewable building blocks into chemicals.. We have also been investigating the production of new polymeric materials based on these synthetic roadmaps. Overall, we must avoid cynical attitudes that a post crude oil economy can never happen. Expectations tend to be self-fulfilling and expecting such approaches to happen helps them happen. Already there are positive signs. Question: FUOYE is among the youngest Federal Universities in Nigeria, yet it is matching older ones in ranking. How is the Management able to make this happen? What unique opportunities do FUOYE offer students, especially the female ones? Answer: Yes FUOYE ranks very well among Nigerian universities. I think the strategy is that the Management of the university gives due attention to parameters that are considered in ranking universities. It’s a simple wisdom of focusing on things that matter. FUOYE has continued to attract the best and brightest students and academics for the future. Within available resources the university is building infrastructure that will attract them, while, at the same time, tackling the kinds of financial problems the whole sector face. The University management is setting right priorities and addressing academic matters to the extent that all courses floated by the University have been accredited by thr National University Commission. Female students are given due considerations regarding their peculiarities, for example they are preferentially considered for hostel accommodation. As much as possible the system frowns at any form of abuse towards the females and this gives them the confidence to compete successfully with their male counterparts. Question: There appears to be a small number of female scientists and researchers in Nigerian universities. Why is this so and what could be done to rectify this? Answer: A lot has to do with women trying to figure out which setting will allow them to integrate their professional and family lives. For example, women have a limited window of time to start a family, given the knowledge that they have a biological clock after which only a very small percentage of women are able to conceive naturally. Another deep rooted problem is that to be a successful academic, you have to work harder after each promotion you earn. This put a lot of pressure on women who naturally have competing interests at the same time. These issues are different from the issue of gender balance that is generally being addressed institutionally by our universities and systems generally. On what could be done, I think mentoring is key and number one. Experienced women scientists need to mentor the upcoming ones to provide them with encouragement, advice and practical help to enable them marry successfully both their professional and family life. Secondly, Nigerian universities should put in place policies that would encourage female academics to grow given their peculiarities. For example, giving those that have children a kind of : pre-school childcare financial support, giving women the opportunity to apply for travel support to conferences for dependants, giving them some time off teaching for those that are primary parents responsible for children etc. These kinds of policies would solve a lot of challenges faced by women in balancing their family life and make the world a more peaceful space for all of us. Question: What motivated you to join academics and especially a chemistry researcher/teacher? Answer: I was motivated by my Chemistry lecturer while I was undergoing the Ordinary National Diploma in Science and Technology at the Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti. He always took his time to relate the chemistry he was teaching us to life and that made me to appreciate the versatility of chemistry as a science. He was always thrilled by my outstanding performances in Mathematics and Chemistry courses and therefore took interest in encouraging me and was always commending my efforts, brilliance and my excellent moral behavior. He naturally became my mentor and did all in his capacity to see to my being admitted by direct entry into Part II to study Industrial Chemistry at the Federal University of Technology, Akure having completed my OND with a high flying Upper Credit diploma. I wish and pray that lecturers should build destinies of their students rather than destroying it. This my chemistry lecturer served as a mentor that guided my career path as he also encouraged and supported me to attain the M.Sc and PhD degree in Chemistry. This is why I think mentoring is key to women attaining heights in academics. However females should prove the genuineness of the motives of male mentors because it is motives that give character to the actions of men. Question: What advise would you have for young women seeking to start a career in academics Answer: Some advice really. (i) Establish a committed support network. Bring everyone important in your life (husband, children, parents, parent-in-law etc) to understand you need their support to excel in academics. It takes a village to launch an academic career. (ii) Find an academic mentor. Follow the lead of academics that have been there before especially successful women academics. Occasionally, when you find a male academic mentor with proven genuine motives, follow their lead as they even build destines better than the females. (iii) Adapt to your role as academic, Manage competing responsibilities effectively i.e. develop the skill of multitasking. Also be realistic of the challenges you face that may kind of slow down your pace a bit. For example that you are not completing your doctoral studies in three years like your male counterparts does not mean you are not as smart as them, It may just be because you have to combine other roles with your studies. Don’t ever lose your confidence because of your peculiarities.

Regular readers of this blog will be thrilled to learn that this post will be mercifully short, because I'm going to spend it mostly explaining why there will be no post this month. The reason is that frankly, at the moment I can't see well enough to write anything. In fact, you wanna hear something really tragic? I haven't even been able to watch TV for the past three days, my eyes are so bad. My daughter Amy, who is now grown with a family of her own, fondly remembers a lesson I often taught the children when they were young and clamoring for my attention: "Television is more important than family. Leave me alone." So you can imagine how much I miss TV. I can't read, and I can't watch TV. My eyes can't focus on anything. Everything I try to look at swims before my eyes, which is why even now I am not writing this myself. I am dictating these words to Amy, who has kindly consented to type them out for me in spite of her own tragic upbringing. So here is what happened: For some weeks I have not felt very well at all, and then a few days ago I got really sick. I mean incredibly sick. Sicker than I think I have ever been if you don't count those many miserable bouts of pneumonia related to my chronic asthma. This was different, and left me with some weird severe equilibrium imbalance that has me knocking sideways into walls and opening the bathroom door into my own face. It would be quite comical had I seen this happening to somebody else. My stumbling about has managed to provide Amy with a laugh or two, though she quickly changes her expression to a worried look of concern when she sees her mother watching. (Note from Amy: not true. I was very worried and did not see anything funny about it at all.) Anyway, I was so helpless that I was unable to keep balanced enough in the kitchen to fix Connie's meals, so I called Amy and asked her to come over for a couple of days and look after us. You know how in the movies there's that effect where we see the room swimming from another person's point of view? I thought that was just in the movies, since I had never gone through anything like that myself. It turned out in this case to be exactly like that, and when I tried to walk from my bed to the bathroom it was like trying to make my way through that flying saucer shaped centrifugal force carnival ride while it's going full tilt. Yesterday there was a small window of time in which I felt somewhat better so I sat at my desk intending to catch up with email. I read and responded to one email, then it all started swimming again and my eyes went out of focus. That is why I have Amy as my hands and eyes at the computer screen right now. I have been all but helpless for three days now, and both womenfolk have ganged up and persuaded me to go into the doctor and find out why I seem to be turning into Annette Funicello. So I will do that tomorrow. In the meantime, August is rapidly dwindling and I have not yet posted the piece I intended to this month, and I wanted to write about it while the topic is still timely. With this imbalance thing, I don't know how soon I will get to it, and I don't know how much longer Amy will be in the mood to kowtow to my incessant demands, so we are taking this opportunity to refer you to some blogger friends who, it so happens, have already covered what I had intended to, so the best writing on the topic has already been done. I am not needed now, except to help spread the word. Many of my readers have written wondering what can be done to help move us to a more Zion society, and I think this is a worthy start, particularly for those of you currently residing on the Wasatch Front who might have some unneeded material goods to assist with. Here are those links: Bare Record of Truth: Circle the Wagons LDS Perfect Day: Participate in a Modern Day Circling of the Wagons The Voice of One Passing Through In the event anyone is interested in my dizzy little adventure, when my eyes are able to focus again, if I get any answers from my doctor I will mention the outcome in the comment section below, or have Amy write something there. Anyway, weird, huh? Apparently the room does swirl around and around just like in the movies, and even when I'm lying on the bed with my eyes closed it often feels like I am spinning around on the edge of a whirlpool. I'll bet later I will wish I enjoyed that sensation more instead of letting it scare the hell out of me. Oh, by the way, I usually keep up with comments daily, but have not been able to get to any of the comments on my other posts here for about a week. So if someone has asked me a question directly and not received a response, this is why. Ditto if you have sent me an email and not heard back. Well, we're going to wrap this up. Amy is already starting to complain about how she would rather be watching TV than spending time with her father. Kids today. I don't know where she gets it. Update Friday August 23, 2013: Okay, I'm Back I just re-read the above and my goodness, I ramble on as much when I'm dictating as when I'm writing it myself. Poor Amy. Poor readers. I have read your kind comments below and I'm grateful for your many prayers and good wishes, which surely are the reason that by the time Amy had gotten me to my doctor Wednesday afternoon, I was much improved. I'm still a bit unsteady on my feet, but my vision is fine now and I'm on the mend. Thank you all sincerely. Frankly, I wouldn't belabor the topic further, because I believe talking about illness tends to call forth more illness, but my email box is full of concerned queries from many of you, so the best way to put everyone at ease is a brief explanation of what all that was about. It was food poisoning! Probably. At least that was the doctor's best guess, based on the description of symptoms I gave. I told him I had eaten a jumbo hotdog 24 hours previous, and he supposed that was the culprit. He gave me some anti-dizzy pills and some antibiotics ("Warning: May cause dizziness") and told me I should be completely normal by today. So in the car on the drive home, I told Amy his diagnosis, and she admitted to having eaten two of those same hotdogs out of my fridge the night before, and she still has shown no ill effects. So go figure. There should have been no problem with those hotdogs anyway, as they are new and tightly packaged. Amy has a theory of her own: the Mormon Mafia poisoned me. Yeah, that's the ticket. The story I'm going with is that the Mormon Mafia is trying to shut me up. Actually, I suspect the real reason for that weird bout of unsteadiness is connected to a bit of difficulty I've been both fighting and trying to ignore for several years. Some time ago it was discovered that there has been some wearing of the myelin sheath inside my spinal column. The way I've had it explained to me, the myelin sheath is like a coating of insulation around the nerves that send signals to and from the brain. When that insulation gets worn or damaged, it can cause mischief. In my case this bit of unpleasantness manifests as severe fatigue and frequent stupors, which I have been putting up with for years, but I'm guessing this present difficulty in keeping a steady gait may be related. So I'll be keeping an eye on things and checking in next week with the specialist I used to see about this thing. Again, I attribute my rapid recovery to your prayers, and thank you all sincerely for your kind words. So. Enough about this crazy shell I'm currently inhabiting while on this planet. Let's get back to the topic I meant to address here. Warning: Any promise about the brevity of this post is hereby revoked. Circling The Wagons, Take Two One of the unexpected perks of maintaining this blog is that I have had the privilege of becoming acquainted with some extraordinary people. For the past year or so I have been conversing with a lovely young mother from Australia named Eva, whose exceptional spirit has impressed both Connie and myself as we have written, spoken by phone, and Skyped with her. (Is there anything more delightful to the ear than the Australian female voice?) It seems Eva had a run-in with her bishop awhile back, who had strong objections when he heard her testimony of having given her sick child a blessing of healing. It used to be quite ordinary for women in this church to bestow blessings not only upon their own children, but upon each other if they so desired. Some years back, Linda King Newell documented this once common practice in Sunstone Magazine: “Someone apparently reported to Joseph that the women were laying their hands on the sick and blessing them. His reply to the question of the propriety of such acts was simple. He told the women in the next meeting “there could be no evil in it, if God gave his sanction by healing...there could be no more sin in any female laying hands on the sick than in wetting the face with water.” He also indicated that there were sisters who were ordained to heal the sick and it was their privilege to do so. “If the sisters should have faith to heal,” he said, “let all hold their tongues.” (Relief Society Minutes of Nauvoo, 28 April, 1842)That article cites many other statements from subsequent prophets confirming the absolute right of women to be vessels through which the Lord can provide healing miracles. But Somehow in modern times we came to confuse gifts of the spirit with priesthood authority, and so it was that my own mother, whose husband was off fighting in North Korea, often sat helplessly at home wringing her hands when her children were ill until a couple of men in the ward got around to putting on their shirts and ties and making it over to our house to perform a simple ordinance that she was perfectly capable of doing herself. When my friend Eva was heard to have performed such a vile act on her own child, she was called in for a meeting with her bishop to answer for this blasphemy. Somehow during the interview, Eva also let slip that she questioned the propriety of the Brethren in Salt Lake City investing Church funds in a lavish shopping center, and this proved too much for her bishop. He convened a bishop's court and disfellowshiped Eva for the crime of "being out of harmony with the Church." We do indeed live in strange times when a devout member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who makes a serious attempt to live the precepts of her religion, finds herself accused by those holding administrative office of being out of harmony with it. Eva's reaction was not quite what her bishop had expected. This bishop, a militant former SAS officer (the Australian equivalent to U.S. Special Forces) expected her to grovel her way back into the good graces of her local Priesthood Authority. Instead, Eva reacted with a shrug and walked away. When Eva's husband, Andrew, was instructed to "correct" his wife, Andrew refused to do so and was also disfellowshipped for his insubordination. Guess what? Andrew and Eva learned it was quite possible to remain in the faith even if the local authorities did not think them worthy company. They believe, as the apostle Peter said, "we ought to obey God rather than men" (Acts 5:29) and with Nephi who tells us it is the Holy Ghost who will show us what we must do (2 Nephi 32:5). If the local LDS congregation had no further need of them, fine. They still had their scriptures and the Holy Ghost as their guide. What further authority is necessary? But if rejection by the church they loved was not trial enough, their lives were further upended when Andrew lost his job. I wish you knew these two the way I do. They really do live in the spirit, and know no fear. Instead of reacting in panic as many of us would, they saw their new circumstances as a wonderful opportunity provided to them by the Lord. Andrew and Eva received a strong witness that they were to sell all their belongings and make their way to the Rocky Mountains. They have already experienced many miracles. After listing their possessions on the Australian version of Craigslist, early one morning they found a man standing at their front gate. He had seen their listing, and told them God had impressed him to make the five hour drive to their home. He handed them $1,000.00 to use toward their journey. I could write many more things about this remarkable couple, but instead I'll direct you to their blog, "The Voice of One Passing Through" where they are logging their progress. What I wanted to mention here was the project they have inspired in others, Circling the Wagons. A few months back, before Andrew lost his job, he had reason to come to Salt Lake City where he happened to attend a presentation by Denver Snuffer. At that presentation were several people who I had also become acquainted with, both online and in person, and they were singularly impressed with Andrew. These people separately described to me how they had felt an instant and intense spiritual power in him. After Andrew's job loss, one of these friends actually traveled to Australia and spent a month living with them, and she returned and reported some amazing things to me. Long story short, this group of friends had been talking for awhile about founding some kind of shared charity that believing Latter-day Saints could draw from when in need, a charity that would include material goods as well as money. Yes, the corporate Church already has such a program, and this particular charity is not intended to supplant, replace, or compete with it. The founders encourage members to continue to support their brothers and sisters in their various wards. But one difference between the Church welfare program and Circling the Wagons is that with the latter, the giver is provided accountability as to where their contribution goes, and can decide specifically what their contribution is used for, who gets it, and for what purpose. After my separate posts here on tithes and offerings, I received numerous queries from readers asking me if I knew of any suitable charity where the giver could control where his contribution went. This project sounds to me like it would fit that bill, and that's why I'm taking the time to write about it. Those involved with founding Circling the Wagons have set this thing up as a legitimate charity. They do not take a cut of administrative costs, but administer it voluntarily. When they learned about Andrew and Eva's circumstances, they decided this young family would be a good place to start practicing a type of Zion society. The idea, as I understand it, is that those who contribute now may find themselves in need of future assistance, and could then draw on the resources themselves, similar to how Joseph Smith envisioned the ideal. There is a member who is already fixing up a temporary cottage for this family to live in when they arrive, so, if you live on the Wasatch Front and have some spare household necessities, you might consider dropping them off. You can also contribute pocket money through Paypal or directly to the account at Zion's Bank. I am not directly involved in Circling The Wagons, so please address all inquiries to the email address found at the websites listed above. My only part in this is that some of you readers have asked me for ideas on how they can become more faithful givers, and I think this is a worthy endeavor. In my opinion, Andrew and Eva are certainly the right people to start this experiment with. Here are those links again: Circle The Wagons Participate In A Modern Day Circling of the Wagons Here is Andrew and Eva's account, beginning at the outset: The Voice of One Passing Through Eva's testimony to "My Brothers in Leadership" It wouldn't hurt if those of you reading about this project were to share one or all of the above links. Let's see if we can give this thing some traction.

| Abstract|| | The aim of this case report is to present a rare case which has been reported with the history of small nodule like growth on mandibular buccal and lingual area. Thirty year old pregnant women reported a nodule on left mandibular buccal and lingual region. The lesion was surgically excised and sent for biopsy to differentiate from kimura's disease, pyogenic granuloma, epithelioid angiosarcoma (EH). Histologically lesion shows proliferation of endothelial cells along blood vessels suggesting epithelioid hemangioma. The purpose of this report is to discuss and differentiate EH and other vascular rare entities occurring in the oral cavity. Keywords: Epithelioid hemangioma, hemangioma, Kimura′s disease, pyogenic granuloma |How to cite this article:| Kumar M, Goyal N, Dahiya P, Gupta R. Recurrent gingival swelling in pregnant women. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2013;6:48-50 | Introduction|| | The hemangioma is vasoformative tumour, characterized by an excess of blood vessels especially veins and capillaries in a focal area of submucosal connective tissue. Oral hemangioma represents 14% of all human hemangioma. There are various subtypes of hemangioma like capillary hemangioma, lobular hemangioma, cellular hemangioma and epithelioid hemangioma (EH). EH is an uncommon benign vascular lesion which is composed of well-formed immature vessels. It was first described by Wells and Whimster in 1969. The term EH was proposed by Enzinger and Weiss in 1983. The etiology and pathogenesis of this vascular entity is still uncertain. EH typically arises on the head and neck, but most frequently affected intraoral sites are lips, buccal mucosa and tongue. The extra-cutaneous sites are bone, salivary gland and muscular area or extremities. This entity typically presents as a small angioma like nodule, red to brown in color and may be located intradermally or subcutaneously in young adults. EH can mimic lymphoproliferative disorders, especially when the lesion arises in atypical location such as the extremities. The purpose of this case report is to describe a rare association between EH and oral mucosa. | Case Report|| | A thirty year old pregnant (third trimester) female reported to the department, with painless mobile nodular swelling in lower left buccal and lingual area [Figure 1]. There was slight bleeding on brushing and difficulty in speaking. After clinical examination a solitary exophytic growth measuring 1 cm × 2 cm × 1.5 cm was present on mandibular buccal and lingual gingiva in relation to 33 since last one month. Growth was soft in consistency and non tender on palpation. There was no associated regional lymphadenopathy. Radiographic findings showed no overt alveolar bone destruction in the area of soft tissue enlargement. Blood investigation revealed increase in the level of ESR. Blood count did not show eosinophilia. The growth was surgically excised and send for histological and immunofluorescence examination. After three months patient reported back with recurrent gingival swelling in left mandibular canine. The gingiva was soft and tender. This time swelling was decreased in size, and surgically removed. |Figure 1: Clinical picture showing exophytic growth on lingual surface of mandibular lower left canine| Click here to view The exophytic overgrowth was excisionally removed and send for histiological examination. The biopsy sections revealed focally ulcerated squamous epithelium. Underlying proliferation of variably sized blood vessel was seen which were lined by plump endothelial cells. Some markedly dilated spaces contained thrombi. The endothelial cells showed round nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. A dense cellular inflammatory infiltrate, mainly lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils and mast cells were found, surroundings the vessels. There were no signs of mitosis and atypical cells [Figure 2]. |Figure 2: A photo micrograph showing variably sized blood vessel which were lined by plump endothelial cells| Click here to view It was done using the CD31 marker and revealed the positivity of the cells for CD31 proving that the epithelioid cells seen are vascular in origin. | Discussion|| | EH is a superficial, often multifocal lesion has a strong predilection for the head and neck region (specially face, ear and scalp) but rare in oral mucosa. EH in the oral mucosa is a rare disease and often confused with other vascular disease. In the past various terms have been used to describe this lesion, including angioblastic hyperplasia with eosinophilia, nodular angioblastic lymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, lymphofolliculosis, pseudopyogenic granuloma, atypical pyogenic granuloma. In 1982, a broad term EH was given to describe angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) and some other vascular diseases. But, the diagnosis of epithlioid hemangioma is based upon its histopathological and clinical findings. Oral EH seems to have a predilection for men, mostly at young age (male: female = 23:13). The lips are the most frequent site (16 out of 36), followed by the tongue (10 out of 36), buccal mucosa (6 out of 36), and palate (3 out of 36). Only 21 cases of EH have been reported in the oral cavity and the gingiva is the most common site. One case has been reported by Misselevich et al. which affect alveolar mucosa and gingiva by the direct extension from lesion in mucobuccal fold. Oral EH clinically present as a solitary asymptomatic nodule, plaques, ulcers or even tumours. Histologically, the vessels were lined by epithelioid or histiocytoid endothelial cells which extend considerably into the lumen, imparting a "tombstone" effect. The lesional cells had rounded nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with occasional vacuoles. Electron microscopy revealed excess mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and cytofilaments in the cytoplasm. A mixed chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate, including eosinophils and occasional germinal centers, was seen. CD31 marker were used to check vascular origin of epithelioid cells by immunofluorescence. The etiology and pathogenesis of EH is unknown. There is a dilemma between various authors whether EH is a reactive lesion or a true neoplastic growth. According to martin - granizor, microtrauma can be a cause of EH. Upto to 10% of cutaneous EH had a history of microtrauma. It is possible that reactive condition caused by trauma may trigger cellular proliferation and growth. Pregnant women have a predilection for EH as reported by Shafer's. Pregnancy along with trauma may exaggerated the cause of exophitic growth as reported in our case. Other hypothesis regarding etiology is infection, allergy, trauma, overgrowth of atypical endothelial cells and inflammatory skin manifestations. Some authors suggested that EH is a true benign neoplasm which has oestrogen receptors on the lesion and respond to oestrogen therapy very well. EH is differentially diagnosed from other vascular diseases histologically and macroscopically. Macroscopically, EH is differentiated from Kimura's disease, salivary gland tumour, squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma and pyogenic granuloma whereas histological findings are different in bacillary angiomatosis, epithelioid angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. In Kimura's diseases, prominent cellular areas of lymphocyte forming follicles are seen, which are surrounded by inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis. , Bacillary angiomatosis is an infectious disease caused by Rochalimeae henselae, presented as a lesion with abundant neutrophils with nuclear dust and clumps of bacteria. Epithelioid angiosarcoma presents as an infiltrative destructive growth with markedly pleomorphic cells. Cells show atypical mitosis and necrosis. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is composed of short cord of spindle shaped endothelial cells. In this lesion well defined vascular channels are not seen. The line of treatment of oral EH is complete surgical excision and follow-up. Other treatment modalities for cutaneous EH are laser cauterization, diathermy, cryotherapy, retinoids, pentoxifyline and intralesional corticosteroids. Local recurrence is common in one third of patients with cutaneous EH but rarely seen in oral mucosa and treated with re-excision. | Conclusion|| | EH in oral mucosa is rare entity and has very less prevalence rate. The disease requires proper clinical and histopathological examination. As epithelioid hemanigioma is solitary in nature surgical excision is the treatment modality but in case of multifocal involvement, re-excision is required. | References|| | |1.||Wells GC, Whimster IW. Subcutaneous angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. Br J Dermatol 1969;81:1-15. | |2.||Weiss SW, Enzinger FM. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Cancer 1982;50:970-81. | |3.||Aggarwal A, Keluskar V. Epithelioid hemangioma (angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia) in the oral mucosa. Indian J Dent Res 2012;23:271-4. | |4.||Tsang WY, Chan JK. The family of epithelioid vascular tumours. Histol Histopathol 1993;8:187-212. | |5.||Mariatos G, Gorgoulis VG, Laskaris G, Kittas C. Epithelioid hemangioma (angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia) in the oral mucosa. A case report and review of the literature. Oral Oncol 1999;35:435-8. | |6.||Requena L, Sangueza OP. Cutaneous vascular proliferation. Part II. Hyperplasias and benign neoplasm. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:887-919. | |7.||Fetsch JF. Epithelioid hemangioma. In: Fletcher CD, Unni KK, editors. World Health Organization classification of tumours: Pathology and genetics of tumours of soft tissue and bone. 3 rd ed. Lyon: IARC Press; 2002. p. 159-60. | |8.||Cheng YS, Kessler H, Rees TD, Philofsky D, Pontikas A. Gingival swelling in a 13 year old girl with multiple recurrences. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;103:85-91. | |9.||Misselevich I, Podoshin L, Fradis M, Boss JH. Angiolymphomatoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia of the oral mucous membrane. Ear Nose Throat J 1995;74:122-5. | |10.||Peters E, Altini M, Kola AK. Oral angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986;61:73-9. | |11.||Martin-Granizor R, Munoz E, Naval L, Martin R, Goizueta C, Diaz FJ. Epithelioid hemangiomas of the maxillofacial area: A report of three cases and a review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;26:212-4. | |12.||Rajendran R. Developmental disturbances of oral and paraoral structure. In: Shafer's textbook of oral pathology. 6 th ed. India: Elsevier; 2010. p. 33-4. | |13.||Moy RL, Luftman DB, Nguyen QH, Amenta SJ. Estrogen receptors and the response to sex hormones in angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. Arch Dermatol 1992;128:825-8. | |14.||Shimoyama T, Horie N, Ide F. Epithelioid hemangioma of the tongue mimicking a malignancy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58:1317-9. | |15.||Tsuboi H, Fujimura T, Katsuoka K. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia in the oral mucosa. Br J Dermatol 2001;145:365-6. | |16.||Sun ZJ, Zhang WF, Alsharif MF, Chen XM, Zhao YF. Epithelioid hemangioma in the oral mucosa: A clinicopathological study of seven cases and review of the literature. Oral Oncol 2006;42:441-7. | |17.||Triantafillidou K, Lazaridis N, Zaramboukas T. Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the maxillary sinus and the maxilla: A case report and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;94:333-7. | |18.||Orsini G, Fioroni M, Rubini C, Piattelli A. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the oral cavity: Report of case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59:334-7. | Department of Periodontics, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None [Figure 1], [Figure 2]

CAN WEED MAKE YOU SICK? While moldy pot and chemicals account for most of the toxic effects of marijuana, there is substantial scientific that cannabis abuse, or cannabinoid hypermesis syndrome is a thing. This famous author smoked strong weed 12 hours per day for many years, the result? several best sellers and a case of paranoia that upset his wife, so he quit and kept the money in the bank. IS YOUR WEED MAKING YOU SICK? There is much evidence that contaminants commonly found in weed cause most of the issues associated with cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, but there is also compelling evidence that cannabis itself could really be toxic in some cases. "Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is generally thought to be caused by heavy, habitual use of cannabis. High THC strains are most often implicated in this disorder. Foreign organic and chemical toxins in marijuana can also be confused with the THC and / or cannabinoid intolerance." It would seem to be a slam dunk that taking too much THC day in and day can result in mental and physical issues, issues like paranoia, social isolation, vomiting, nausea, working basically in opposition the original intent of use. With that said, some people that have been around marijuana for years have never heard of this condition. Nonetheless, this disorder exists. "I've never seen this cannabis syndrome before, never heard of it either. and I'm from the Netherlands :') " An idea to put forward is that, no matter what the substance, too much of one thing, too long is bad for one's health. Bodybuilders have found that cycling steroids - which dials up testosterone - and muscle growth - is far more effective in the long run by cycling. "When you do anything - too much - too long, the body becomes imbalanced." An interesting case cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome This is a very happy case in point of cannabis abuse. A Mr. Graham Hancock, a somewhat famous flamboyant journalist-archaeologist recently admitted to his cannabis abuse. Hancock said he started smoking pot at the age of 37. From a medical perspective, this means his receptors - found on the cellular membranes, which modulate many cerebral and physical functions - were virgin in the sense that they were not adapted to THC from an early age. He went on to say, he first started smoking in the evening after work and for many years, this was nothing but pleasurable. Life was good, marriage was good. Then Graham decided to experiment - to see if he could write while smoking, why not get a beautiful high while working? He found that this worked like a charm, and he entered a most creative period of writing, with financial success as one meter. So what was the problem then? Graham goes on to explain that he started to smoke at 9 am and continued till bedtime, all the while, he kept up his long work hours and career wise, everything was on track. Then, he and his wife went to South America, where is was inevitable that a character of this nature would partake in Ihuaska, in the Amazon with a shaman. Ayahuasca, a type of DMT - while non-addictive and non-toxic is known to give people the ride of a lifetime, psychologically speaking, like no other trip, all testify. Upon returning to earth from planet Ayahuasca, Graham said he saw the light. His use of cannabis was a problem, his existence had devolved into self absorption with paranoia about non-existent issues. His mistress was the herb cannabis and not his lovely wife. He decided that the paranoia had to go, and his mistress Cannabis, as lovely was, she was had to go. Is that not the greatest "drug abuse" story ever told? We should all be so lucky. Substitute in pain killers, booze, cigarettes, or virtually and drug and you would have near 100% dead Elvis, Jackson, Prince, Joplin and so on, with the only exception being Keith Richards. Plenty of insiders say that every 100m finalist was on Perfromance Enhancing Drugs. CYCLING MARIJUANA TO AVOID TOXICITY Cycling means to use something for a time and then give it a rest. In the case of steroids, if they are used too long, natural testosterone shuts down, and the body produces estrogen, in an effort to balance the system. Extreme abuse results in an extremely unbalanced psychological profile. Organs can grow or shrink, which results in physical collapse sooner or later. However, athletes that cycle, do blood work to see that their bodies vital signs and organ function is not out of whack fare far better, to the point, where it can be argued that moderate steroid use in cycles might actually be beneficial. The body builds up a tolerance to any herbal, alcohol, drugs, a food. Small amounts are not an issue. We're not talking about two glasses of wine in the evening, we're talking about one bottle or more. Similarly, smoking pot for an hour in the evening is not the issue, smoking many hours every day, is an amount that could cause pot to become toxic. This is true of vitamins and herbs, where concentrated forms benefit for a while, until the body has too much and resistance and tolerance takes place. At this point, your herbals are working against you. While its is trumpeted that marijuana can't hurt you, this idea flies in the face of common sense. What is apparent is that marijuana is very safe, and it is very uncommon for moderate marijuana smokers to experience significant negative effects. Nonetheless, if you accept the cycling principle, everyone would benefit more from the medicinal effects of cannabis if they took a holiday from time to time. The average cycle time, perhaps in many things, exercise, performance enhancing drugs, is something like 1:3 or 2:7, which translates into three days on one day off, or 5 days on and two days off. In athletics, ten weeks is normal to buildup overall energy resources. Then, most coaches found that it is time to move to more intense work, and again this phase lasts for two months or something like that. Or you might be smoking moldy pot, weed with chemical sprays in it. What are the signs and symptoms? How does pot become toxic? Is it your pot making you sick, or are there chemicals in it? What to do if your pot makes you sick? Should I take a break from pot ? "Paraquat and other chemical sprays are endorsed, pushed throughout the world by the UN, WHO, DEA, EPA, in a process of classic Orwellian doublespeak, saying they are helping protect people and the environment, while sabotaging human, plant and animal life at all levels." The Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is characterized by recurrent nausea, vomiting and crampy abdominal pain. These symptoms have been reported to be improved temporarily by taking a hot shower or bath or more fully by stopping the use of cannabis. The syndrome was described by several doctors about a decade ago. A study of nearly one hundred cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome "confirmed earlier findings. By confirmed, we mean to say that this is but one study, where extraneous variables may not have been thoroughly investigated; such as testing for pesticides, herbicides, aflatoxins, and profiling the cannabis, the amounts of THC, CBD and the terpenes. In other words, much of earlier and present research is incredibly naive .... Let's spray this marijuana with Paraquat and see what happens BIG WORDS - PILE IT HIGHER AND DEEPER? For example: this peer reviewed paper makes no mention of any of the confounding factors listed above. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: Clinical diagnosis of an underrecognized manifestation of chronic cannabis abuse. This lack of basic cannabis acumen - or lack of ability to communicate - renders this paper nearly useless. Such is the plight of the peer review process today. The long-term and short-term effects of cannabis use are associated with behavioural effects leading to a wide variety of effects on the body systems and physiologic states. A Dr. Sontineni and colleagues in 2009 discussed the cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome to offer guidelines for the clinical diagnosis, such as complications that can lead to acute kidney injury. His group reports severe cyclic nausea and vomiting is resolved by stopping the use of cannabis. Symptoms of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome was relieved with hot showers or baths. Others reported abdominal pain and weight loss. Various mechanisms are proposed to explain the symptoms of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome with the most popular being: dose dependent buildup of cannabinoids and related effects of cannabinoid toxicity the functionality of cannabinoid receptors in the brain and particularly in the hypothalamus (which regulates body temperature and the digestive system) At the end of the day, anyone exhibiting symptoms of the cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome should discontinue weed and see if symptoms persist. At the very minimum, change the strain you smoke. Fake Studies &The Red Flag - No elementary test data about the weed is provided such as mold, pesticides, heavy metals, CBD and THC and terpenes. Cannabis toxicity could well be caused by chemical additives and mold - the symptoms are identical to classical poisoning - if one is experiencing these symptoms, one should discontinue the use of weed. If a person wishes to resume marijuana use, they should consider using a strain that's been tested - showing that it is pesticide and mold free. Also strains that are balanced in CBD & THC or contain mostly CBD alone might not cause toxic reactions. Treatment is straightforward. Many traditional medications for nausea and vomiting exist, but if you want pharmaceuticals, . treatment with lorazepam or haloperidol has provides relief for some people. You want to address dehydration due to vomiting by taking electrolyte solutions (Gatorade is the worst). There are reports of renal failure due to electrolyte deficiency, which can be easily shored up simply by drinking a solution with mostly salt (sodium chloride) plus smaller amounts of potassium, calcium and magnesium, in ratios that are present in normal plasma (blood). Acute episodes of cannabinoid hyperemesis are reported to last for 24–48 hours and normally resolves with stopping the use of cannabis use, however, improvement can take something like three months. SELECTED TESTIMONIALS AND CHAT FROM REDDIT - SOME IDIOTS WEEDED OUT Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome. I never saw this until about 4 years ago. Now I see it a handful of times per year. Do the other health care professionals of Meddit see it much? Yep, saw two cases so far in the last six months, including one ICU admission that had such completely out of whack electrolytes that it took three days for us to stabilize things enough for them to have a coherent conversation to get a history. Turns out it was caused by using one of the synthetic cannabinoids and the patient had been vomiting for over a week with only temporary relief with hot baths. I also saw something similar to this on internal med. Also caused by a synthetic cannabinoid. Would it look like a gall bladder flare up with no verifiable cause? I went in for that and the docs said there were 6 other similar cases at the time... Constant vomiting only relieved by hot bath/shower has been the presentation I've seen. Also associated with Erythema Ab Igne probably due to constantly using heat to self-treat the nausea. The problem is that since marijuana is widely known to be an antiemetic for most people these folks will continue to smoke because for a few minutes it does help. For some reason the guy I saw really didn't want to believe that getting nauseated like 5 minutes later and continuing to be nauseated was... because of the ganja. Hard to give it up when you smoke it enough that it makes you sick. I've seen many problems that have come from the synthetic marijuana stuff, but never any from actual pot. The worst things I've seen that came from marijuana consumption have been auto accident related and a young woman who had smoked what she described as "moldy looking" pot that led to a pretty severe fungal infection in her upper respiratory. Funny, all of mine have been smoking the weed. My ex-partner has this from the copious daily usage of regular old marijuana. Nothing synthetic. Seen it three times in the last year. Hilarious. Hallmark is hot showers make it better. Guys just say hey man if I can smoke a bowl, it feels okay for a minute. Takes forever to convince them that the weed is the problem. Yeah, they really don't want it to be the weed! Can't blame em. I've seen 2 in just 1 month on a GI service. "Hallmark is hot showers to make it better." God's cruel joke on the hippies I've heard several times that some patients with this outright reject the diagnosis because of their denial that it could be the weed. It's is often the biggest hurdle to treatment, as the treatment is--gasp--to stop smoking weed. I have seen several cases in the ED. Presents just like gastroparesis except no diabetes. Otherwise healthy, but when pressed, report MJ use. One patient, even had a cholecystectomy even though it had a normal RUQ US, but had an abnormal cholescintigraphy. Symptoms returned after the chole, surprise, finally admits to MJ use. Yep. Seen it 3 times in the last 6 months and highly suspected it in another case. Could be because I'm in Washington state. Two of the patients had extensive past workups with cholecystectomy and 'abdominal migraine' diagnosis. Many times. It does indeed present like any number of GI ailments, but the frequent hot showers and chronic usage of chronic set it apart. We see it a few times a month is CA. First documented in 2004 and chronic marijuana usage actually induces gastroparesis IIRC. I have included this into my differential for cyclic vomiting. Anyone who does not suffer from diabetic gastroparesis who presents to my ED with recurrent symptoms get a urine drug screen. I'm surprised to find that a majority of these patients in my practice uses THC routinely. The diagnosis is further suspected when patients admit to relief with hot showers. I tell patients my suspected diagnosis without any judgment, but most are resistant to it. Their usual response is that they use the cannabis to treat the hyperemesis. Their usual response is that they use the cannabis to treat the hyperemesis.Talk about a perfect storm... Pediatrics resident here. Saw it my second week of residency and at least one more time since then but that one is more suspected. I've never seen this before, never heard of it either. and I'm from the Netherlands :') That would be incredible since I'm a PhD student now :P Oh and usually cannabis users don't end up in the hospital here. THC has such a tremendous affect on appetite, I could see how chronic use could lead to something like this. Yep. Had the hardest damn time rounding on the kid (male, early 20's) because he was always in the shower. I am friends with many pot smokers and have never seen/heard of this. I have, however, seen people who have "green faced" after smoking too much (acute nausea/vomiting/malaise that resolves in ~30min--happens with new tobacco users too). I think the vast majority of pot smokers are not affected, and the ones that are usually are daily smokers of a large quantity. The thing about taking showers to help then nausea is quite common with it. They often use up all their hot water, trying to get relief. Any idea on the etiology? Particularly as to why a core temperature change would help (I assume that's what's occurring with long hot baths/showers)? It's not the temperature that helps, it's the sensation of being in water that almost immediately quells the nausea to a tolerable level. At least in my ex-partner's case. Ugh, I can't mix booze and weed because I get this. Starts with vertical nystagmus and ends with puke everywhere. Only once did I get sick from weed alone. Not a medical pro, but my best friend has it. Had to stop. This is super late, but hopefully you'll get to see this. I wanted to thank you for sharing this. I saw a patient in the ED yesterday with 2 years of N/V who came in acutely for N/V with some abdominal discomfort yesterday. He had had 10 CTs, EGD/colonoscopies, and even an exploratory laparoscopy in the past 2 years. No cause of his symptoms could be found. I remembered reading about this on reddit and asked the patient about marijuana use and the hot showers. He admitted to heavy daily marijuana use and he was astounded that I knew that helped him. Well, I ran it by my attending and he had never heard of it, but he surprisingly was interested in reading about it so I gave him a paper. He saw the patient and agreed. I called the guy's PCP because I'm sure he has had a tough time dealing with this the past two years. Anyway, this was really helpful. Thank you. Ha! just read it as a result of another post about it. Glad to have helped you make a diagnosis. Keep up the good work. My ex-partner has this. He is horribly addicted, it destroyed our relationship. I've seen two case reports of this and each time the use of marijuana was played up while the coincident use of other substances is downplayed in relation to the syndrome. The case report that comes most acutely to mind was in one of the osteopathic publications and they played up the fact that the subject of the case was a chronic recreational user of marijuana, but practically ignored that he has gone on a bender right before the symptoms started. I'm really not sure that it's an actual syndrome, but rather more of a demonization of marijuana. MMJDOCTORONLINE NOTES - In California, to purchase marijuana legally, it is still required that you have a medical marijuana recommendation from a licensed physician. In 2018, medical marijuana patients, those with Cannabis ID, will be tax exempt, paying as much as $80 less per ounce, depending on the county your dispensary is in. MMJDocuments are accepted at dispensaries, cannabis clubs, cooperatives, delivery services and other points of access. The process takes only a few minutes, is 100% online, and clients don't pay unless the doctor has approved your application. Your government at work? It's not your government. It's a techno-monster. Like gluten intolerance, it was found that the chemical sprays are bound up in the protein - gluten, and that is what was making people sick. Similarly, sprays like paraquat, in small amounts, will make you a bit sick, in larger amounts, very ill indeed. "Are they trying to eradicate weed or the human being. And who are they really?" WASHINGTON, July 13— The director of the Drug Enforcement Administration said today that the Government would use the herbicide paraquat and two others in a stepped-up campaign to eradicate domestically grown marijuana..... Paraquat and other chemical sprays are endorsed, pushed throughout the world by the UN, WHO, DEA, EPA, in a process of classic Orwellian doublespeak, saying they are helping protect people and the environment, while sabotaging human, plant and animal life at all levels. What is cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS)? CHS is a nebulous condition where cannabis becomes toxic. If you smoke a lot of pot and you have classic symptoms; recurrent nausea, vomiting and crampy abdominal pain you might have CHS . Symptoms may improve temporarily by taking a hot shower or bath. or more fully by stopping the use of cannabis. What causes the cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome? The Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is generally thought to be caused by heavy, habitual use of cannabis. High THC strains are most often implicated in this disorder. Foreign organic and chemical toxins in marijuana can also be confused with the THC and / or cannabinoid intolerance. "In this condition, the acute (illness) phase of CHS typically lasts for only 24 to 48 hours, but the risk of relapse is high if the patient returns to cannabis use." - Jonathan A. Galli, MD et.al.

A couple of days ago we did NOT have a great deal of fun driving around Xalapa. Xalapa has a LOT of traffic and it is often bumper-to-bumper on narrow streets which don't always go in straight lines, especially at certain hours. Some of the hours include from 2 to 4 in the afternoon. This is the still-frequently-taken lunchtime when I think people do their errands (Workers work at least eight hours a day, sometimes more. Often I don't mind the traffic because it gives me a chance to see the huge variety of tiendas and workshops that line the way. Anyway, we went in to try to buy a generic version of a medication I take and to go to Costco to see about hearing aids. Costco is probably one of the best places to buy hearing aids. So ANYWAY, of course we hit the 2-4 traffic, and it was cold and rainy and dreary. On sunny days, Xalapa looks bright and busy and colorful. This day, though, the sky was a dirty gray which seemed to drip onto everything and everyone. About medications here in our corner of Mexico: There are lots of generics available and reputable places tend to have good generics, but some people (like me) may not respond well to generics available here so they end up paying non-generic prices. Our wonderful doctor had found (he and we thought) a generic put out by the very company that makes the non-generic drug. Unfortunately, according to the Pfizer salesman it required a prescription although the brand-name doesn´t and other generics don´t. (Here a little explanation: most drugs here don't require prescriptions. The ones that always do are antibiotics, benzodiazapines like Xanax, and opioid pain medications like oxycodin. Antibiotics and narcotics, in other words. There may be other classifications, but I haven't come across them.) So anyway we went to one end of town to get the prescription which was limited to only twenty tabs for some reason, and then drove to the other end to find the pharmacy. Need I tell you, they said they didn´t have it at either of the two stores. These were discount pharmacies, ones who specialize in generics, with a long counter and shelves piled high with boxes of medicine. Here most medications are packaged one pill to a bubble on a card of maybe ten, not in bottles. Even prescription meds come this way so you often have to buy a bit more or a bit less than you want. So we drove (sort of) a right angle to get to Costco.where I had to make an appointment for the hearing aid evaluation. Groan. I went to Xalapa with my friend Diane a couple of weeks ago by bus. It is much, much pleasanter to go by bus, and we would have if we hadn't had to lurch such large distances in a relatively short time in the cold and rain. I now have the hearing aids. They are the Kirkland brand and they are excellent. The young technician was proficient and friendly and we got 19.22 on the dollar which was good for us but bad for Mexico (I think, but am not sure.) The first shock I had happened when she opened the door to the littl soundproof room where hearing aid stuff is done. With a whoosh, I was greeted by all kinds of sounds I guess I haven't heard in years. Costco is NOISY! Anyway, if you folks are finding yourself cupping your hand behind your ear to hear, leaning forward, maybe enjoying how soft everything sounds, maybe, just maybe a hearing aid evaluation at Costco would help. Hearing aids have come a long way. The day before yesterday we took our dogs for a walk and went a bit further. It was not raining or misting, but it was chilly. We usually let the two smaller dogs run free, which they do with glee. Little Guy, the dachsund, can run as fast as Happy and as she is the alpha dog, she insists on being first. She is very cute as dachsunds are. She is tiny, with floppy ears and limpid, doe-like eyes. She has learned to make wheedling sounds, soft beseeching sounds, coy sounds even. Often we are at her mercy. BUT in her own world which she enters as soon as she is off the leash, she is a hunter. In response to some smells she´ll roll in phantom remains, in response to others, she´ll dig frantically. In response to fowl and other low-resting birds, she´ll catch them. She takes off so fast she can´t be caught. She doesn't even acknowledge that anyone is shrieking at her to STOP while pounding after her. And it seems she inevitably catches her prey. We have been putting her on the leash long before we see a chicken, but the other day, she caught one yet again. It was dead before she even turned around with it hanging limply from her mouth. Unfortunately, this chicken turned out to belong to friends of ours who refused to take any payment. There I was, holding it by its legs, there my friend was saying, no, no, you don't have to pay while she looked mournfully at the bird. Another friend made the suggestion that we buy her another live one. I think we're going to try to do it. Last post I wrote about the miraculous healing of the dent in our front fender. So then we went to meet our ahijado to take the car to the man who was going to paint it. We only remembered half the message: to meet him. We didn´t remember the other half: to meet him at the painter's workshop. So we went to his house. I´m glad we did, though, because in spite of feeling a bit foolish when Doña J asked why we were there, we got to see the baby sheep Don A had bought. The guy who works for Don A was grazing them on a rope outside their chicken pen and I have a picture for you. I think the big one may be the mama. But none of them are big. I have to confess I thought they were goats at first. You'd think I'd know what goats looked like by now!

Posts for: August, 2016 A woman as gorgeous and funny as Sofia Vergara surely planned to be a model and actress from the get-go, right? Wrong! Sofia’s first career choice actually was to be… a dentist! That’s right, the sexy star of TV’s Modern Family actually was only two semesters shy of finishing a dental degree in her native Columbia when she traded dental school for the small screen. Still, dental health remains a top priority for the actress and her son, Manolo. “I’m obsessed,” she recently told People magazine. “My son thinks I’m crazy because I make him do a cleaning every three months. I try to bribe the dentist to make him to do it sooner!” That’s what we call a healthy obsession (teeth-cleaning, not bribery). And while coming in for a professional cleaning every three months may not be necessary for everyone, some people — especially those who are particularly susceptible to gum disease — may benefit from professional cleanings on a three-month schedule. In fact, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to having professional teeth cleanings — but everyone needs this beneficial procedure on a regular basis. Even if you are meticulous about your daily oral hygiene routine at home, there are plenty of reasons for regular checkups. They include: - Dental exam. Oral health problems such as tooth decay and gum disease are much easier — and less expensive — to treat in the earliest stages. You may not have symptoms of either disease early on, but we can spot the warning signs and take appropriate preventive or restorative measures. - Oral cancer screening. Oral cancer is not just a concern of the middle aged and elderly — young adults can be affected as well (even those who do not smoke). The survival rate for this deadly disease goes up tremendously if it is detected quickly, and an oral cancer screening is part of every routine dental visit. - Professional teeth cleaning. Calcified (hardened) dental plaque (tartar or calculus) can build up near the gum line over time — even if you brush and floss every day. These deposits can irritate your gums and create favorable conditions for tooth decay. You can’t remove tartar by flossing or brushing, but we can clear it away — and leave you with a bright, fresh-feeling smile! So take a tip from Sofia Vergara, and don’t skimp on professional cleanings and checkups. If you want to know how often you should come in for routine dental checkups, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation. You can learn more in the Dear Doctor articles “Dental Hygiene Visit” and “Dental Cleanings Using Ultrasonic Scalers.” There is much to contend with as we grow older, including a higher risk for dental disease. One possible contributing factor: dry mouth from a lack of saliva. Also known as xerostomia, dry mouth occurs when the salivary glands secrete less than the normal two to four pints a day. Saliva performs a number of functions, but perhaps the most important for dental health is as an acid neutralizer. Within a half hour to hour after eating, saliva can restore the mouth's normal pH level to prevent acid from softening tooth enamel. When there isn't enough saliva, acid levels stay high leading to erosion of the enamel. This vastly increases the chances for tooth decay. Although there are several causes for dry mouth, one of the more common is as a side effect from certain medications. It's estimated over 500 drugs — many taken by seniors — can cause dry mouth, including diuretics for high blood pressure and heart failure, antidepressants, and antihistamines. Some diseases like diabetes or Parkinson's may also reduce saliva flow, as well as radiation and chemotherapy. If you've developed chronic dry mouth, there are some things that may help restore adequate saliva flow. If medication is the cause you can talk to your doctor about an alternative medication or add a few sips of water before swallowing the pills and a full glass afterwards. You should also drink plenty of non-caffeinated beverages (water is the best) during the day and cut back on sugary or acidic foods. And a cool-air humidifier running while you sleep may also help keep your mouth moist. We may further recommend an over-the-counter or prescription stimulant for saliva. For example, xylitol, a natural alcohol sugar that's found in many gums and mints, has been found to stimulate saliva and reduce the risk of tooth decay as an added benefit. Last but not least, be sure to brush and floss daily to remove disease-causing plaque and see us at least twice a year for cleanings and checkups (if your mouth is very dry, three to four times a year is a better prevention program). Managing chronic dry mouth along with proper oral hygiene will help ensure your mouth continues to stay healthy as you grow older. If you would like more information on the causes and treatment for dry mouth, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation. You can also learn more about this topic by reading the Dear Doctor magazine article “Dry Mouth.” If we could go back in time, we all probably have a few things we wish we could change. Recently, Dr. Travis Stork, emergency room physician and host of the syndicated TV show The Doctors, shared one of his do-over dreams with Dear Doctor magazine: “If I [could have] gone back and told myself as a teenager what to do, I would have worn a mouthguard, not only to protect my teeth but also to help potentially reduce risk of concussion.” What prompted this wish? The fact that as a teenage basketball player, Stork received an elbow to the mouth that caused his two front teeth to be knocked out of place. The teeth were put back in position, but they soon became darker and began to hurt. Eventually, both were successfully restored with dental crowns. Still, it was a painful (and costly) injury — and one that could have been avoided. You might not realize it, but when it comes to dental injuries, basketball ranks among the riskier sports. Yet it’s far from the only one. In fact, according to the American Dental Association (ADA), there are some two dozen others — including baseball, hockey, surfing and bicycling — that carry a heightened risk of dental injury. Whenever you’re playing those sports, the ADA recommends you wear a high-quality mouth guard. Mouthguards have come a long way since they were introduced as protective equipment for boxers in the early 1900’s. Today, three different types are widely available: stock “off-the-shelf” types that come in just a few sizes; mouth-formed “boil-and-bite” types that you adapt to the general contours of your mouth; and custom-made high-quality mouthguards that are made just for you at the dental office. Of all three types, the dentist-made mouthguards are consistently found to be the most comfortable and best-fitting, and the ones that offer your teeth the greatest protection. What’s more, recent studies suggest that custom-fabricated mouthguards can provide an additional defense against concussion — in fact, they are twice as effective as the other types. That’s why you’ll see more and more professional athletes (and plenty of amateurs as well) sporting custom-made mouthguards at games and practices. “I would have saved myself a lot of dental heartache if I had worn a mouthguard,” noted Dr. Stork. So take his advice: Wear a mouthguard whenever you play sports — unless you’d like to meet him (or one of his medical colleagues) in a professional capacity…

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When we think of the best pitchers of all-time, it’s usually the same names that come up, from Cy Young to Sandy Koufax to Nolan Ryan to Pedro Martinez to modern-day pitchers like Clayton Kershaw. But far too often, a name that gets left off that list is Satchel Paige, a pitcher whose story and contributions to baseball are frequently forgotten and overlooked. But if you believe people who saw him pitch, he may have been the best to step on a mound. The biggest reason Paige is often forgotten is that he didn’t make his big league debut until he was 42. It wasn’t until 1948, after Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier, that Paige made his major league debut with the Cleveland Indians. In five big league seasons, all while in his 40s, Paige won a World Series and was named to two All-Star games, including one at the age of 47. But much of Paige’s life and career before that are largely unknown, despite his reputation as the best player in the history of the Negro Leagues. For starters, he was born Leroy Robert Page. It was only after his father’s death that his family changed its surname to Paige to represent a fresh start and because it sounded more “high-tone.” As for the name Satchel, there are a few stories that have floated around over the years, but most of them include him getting caught stealing the kind of bag that bears his nickname. Not so coincidentally, it was theft that helped make him a great pitcher. At age 13, Paige was sent to reform school after he got caught shoplifting. But during his time there, he had a mentor who taught him to pitch. During those years, Paige grew to be a scrawny 6’ and 140 pounds, giving him long limbs that proved perfect for pitching. He created a crazy windup in which he waived his arms and legs all over the place. By the end, his hand appeared in the batter’s face right when he released the ball. “You might say I traded five years of freedom to learn how to pitch.” By age 20, Paige’s ability on the mound took him to the Negro Leagues. He spent the next quarter-century pitching all over the U.S., in places as obscure as North Dakota, as well as all over the world, in countries like Cuba, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic. During that time, Paige developed an incredible reputation and set some unbelievable records, albeit unofficial ones. Due to his popularity, brought about not just by his talent but also his cocky and outgoing personality, Paige would pitch on almost daily basis. He would only pitch three or four innings at a time, allowing him to come back and pitch the following day. With the records in those days unreliable, Paige took it upon himself to keep his own records, claiming to have pitched 2,500 games. His personal records also show that he made as many as 29 starts in one month, tossed 50 no-hitters, and at one point threw 62 consecutive scoreless innings. Those who saw Paige in his young days say he may have been the hardest thrower in baseball history. He threw almost all fastballs, although he still gave his pitches different names, such as Bat Dodger, Midnight Rider, Midnight Creeper, Jump Ball, and Trouble Ball. When an arm injury caused him to lose velocity on his fastball, Paige adjusted, developing a changeup and a “hesitation pitch” to throw off the timing of hitters. When all was said and done, Paige was also throwing a knuckleball, screwball, and even an eephus pitch, which is what allowed him to pitch well into his 40s. “If Satch and I were pitching on the same team, we’d clinch the pennant by the fourth of July and go fishing until World Series time.” But his role in baseball history is far bigger than oddly named pitches or unconfirmed records that sound impossible. For years, Paige’s reputation for dominating the Negro Leagues attracted both white fans and white sports writers to games, something few thought possible. Around 1945, some of the attention Paige garnered with the Kansas City Monarchs ricocheted to his teammate at the time, Jackie Robinson. That became the first step in Robinson being able to break the color barrier two years later. Of course, for years, Paige wanted to be the one to break the color barrier. He had dominated the Negro Leagues for so long that he was a living legend. He had proven that players in the Negro Leagues could measure up to players in the big leagues. It seemed only right that Paige would become the first African American to play in the majors. “Signing Jackie like they did still hurt me deep down. I’d been the guy who’d started all that big talk about letting us in the big time. I’d been the one who’d opened up the major league parks to colored teams. I’d been the one who the white boys wanted to go barnstorming against.” Alas, it was not meant to be. Ultimately, Paige knew Robinson was the right choice to break the color barrier, and history shows that Robinson did indeed have the mental makeup to take on such a burden. The only caveat is that Robinson’s number is retired league wide and Jackie Robinson Day is celebrated every year. Meanwhile, the story of Satchel Paige remains far more obscure, not receiving the attention it deserves.

sometimes i feel bad for young people because they missed out on a great rock band or the thrill of being introduced to a new toy called Pong but today they should be relieved that they were not around, and young, and black when The Cosby Show was around. sure it was a hit show that everyone loved, but for black folk it was way different. sure we had seen blacks in Good Times – but they were super poor. And of course there was The Jeffersons (who even had a maid) but who could you relate to? George? Please. while the Cosby show as also a bit too hard to believe with dad being this affable doctor and mom being the perfect lawyer who never seemed to take her work home with her, either you could see yourself as one of the kids – or you could see your friends in them very easily. and the scenarios were also hugely relatable. the show was so good, so heartwarming, so pure, that Bill Cosby could wear the ugliest sweaters and instead of thinking, holy God that’s ridiculous, you’d say, “well, I guess that’s a thing that really smart, rich people of color wear.” and sure enough, everyone started wearing Cosby Sweaters. in a tv schedule flooded with white faces, to see the Cosby’s on top, week after week, year after year, gave families like mine the same warm feeling that my Asian friends basked in this summer with Crazy Rich Asians, and how many women and girls felt while watching Wonder Woman kick ass on the big screen: finally. Yes! Oh HELL YES! and sure, some of the mighty fall. Mike Tyson, Pete Rose, Paris Hilton, Martha Stewart – all ended up on the wrong side of the prison cell. But Bill Cosby? the comedian who never swore? who weirdly told young rappers to pull up their pants? who had a huge selling comedy album where Noah told God “riiiiight” when the Lord warned him about the Flood. to have that guy end up being one of the most notoriously slimy rapists in US history is not just shocking, but almost unbelievable. the only thing that makes it believable are the long history of other humans being horrible in the past. but Mr. Jello Pudding? Mr. Hey Hey Hey it’s Fat Albert? He knew he was a hero to black folk. He knew kids everywhere looked up to him for a million reasons. He knew that he had taken the road less traveled, the Good road, and it had paid off. And all along he was being the worst? If it was a script the studio boss would throw it on his huge desk and say riiiiiiight and kick out the idiot writer. because neither he or his wife or any of his friends who may have known about this horrible behavior will admit it, it’s hard to learn and good lessons from this terrible tragic. but there are a few. the most important being: we need to listen to the women and believe them when they say that weird shit went down. no matter who was behind it. because if we had a culture that omg believed women and didn’t throw them to the lions any time they spoke up, there would have been fewer victims at his hands. when i was a kid bill cosby was one of the biggest heroes ever. today he is one of the sickest victims. he belongs in jail. likewise, the women accusing the current supreme court justice nominee of sexual crimes deserves to be heard, believed, and something needs to be done about it. otherwise we havent learned a damn thing.

Jobs in blockchain and crypto are booming and Consensys has published what it calls its ‘The Blockchain Jobs Report, 2019‘. Its basic thesis is that the blockchain industry is expanding across the world with the result that a complex, competitive blockchain job market has evolved. Vocations range from coding to business development, from UX (user experience) to project management, from capital allocation to creative roles – all grow as the blockchain-related industry moves towards new phases of development. In the past, Consensys argues that the blockchain space was driven by startups and token launches. Now larger enterprises are stepping up. Infrastructure projects abound. Many startups have evolved into businesses in their own right – with increased hiring needs. To accommodate this interest, ConsenSys has introduced its Blockchain and Dapp Developer Job Kit. This tries to provide everything an aspiring blockchain technologist needs to work in the blockchain space, including: - knowledge checklists - learning hubs - links for starting job searches. Its relevance is LinkedIn’s 2018 U.S Emerging Jobs Report. That presents blockchain developer growth topping the list for job roles, having grown 33X in the previous year (not 33% but 33X). A recent study by PriceWaterhouseCoopers suggests that 77% of companies surveyed are well on their way towards shipping solutions and products; only 14% currently have no plans to integrate blockchain. Is the blockchain job market coherent? A poly venn diagram – from by Unchained Capital – conceptualises blockchain as operating at the nexus of: - distributed systems Consensys makes the point that, while this visualisation helps, it conceptualises the industry in a flat way. It is possible to extrapolate any of the entries into a myriad of roles which relate back to traditional processes. As close inspection shows it is not all cryptography and distributed systems; there are needs for thousands of non-technical roles ranging from publicists to content creators to community managers to admin positions. According to AngelList, salaries for technical jobs in the blockchain industry outweigh equivalent roles in non-blockchain organisation. This highlights the demand for practical blockchain knowledge. Even non-technical blockchain industry jobs out-earn similar roles in non-blockchain companies. In a different 2019 analysis, from U*Today, the top roles in the blockchain industry include four which are purely technical, three are in business management with one being legal and one being about community. According to Consensys, pay rates include: - software engineers: $90,000-$145,000 - technical architects: $100,000-$160,000 - product managers: $85,000-$130,000 - risk analysts: $85,000-$105,000 - analyst relations managers: $50,000-$125,000 - front end engineers: $70,000-$125,000 - legal counsel: $100,000-$190,000 - business analyst: $80,000-$105,000 - crypto community managers: $35,000-$95,000 - UX/UI blockchain designers: $80,000-$140,000 A different study (quoted by Consensys) from 101 Blockchains found largely similar results. Blockchain engineer, developer, designer and marketing specialist received a 9/10 in terms of market demand. Legal consultants and project manager came a little behind. Blockchain employment resources For those interested, Consensys lists the following employment resources (it also adds the names of employers with openings which are as diverse as Accenture, Amazon, Bank of America, Consensys, Ford, IBM, JP Morgan and more) including: - AngelList: this has thousands of jobs from startups of all sizes and the platform is a to find jobs within the crypto and blockchain industry - Linkedin – which will present various blockchain jobs and is helpful for positions at larger companies - The Crypto Jobs List targets crypto and blockchain opportunities for a variety of roles (whether technical or non-technical); for example it shows Coinbase, Kraken, Protocol Labs and Status all currently hiring - Blocktribe: this lists >350 blockchain openings, ranging from BNY Mellon to Coinbase - Indeed.com: this website shows jobs based on salary, location industry and more - Gitcoin.co – which provides bounties and freelance opportunities for developers and is a place to find work or join an open source project (and get paid) while participants build your skills - Bounties Network: this is a platform describing freelance opportunities for both technical and non-technical job seekers - ConsenSys.net/careers: Consensys cannot resist a plug for itself – it is hiring. Enterprise Times: what does this mean The ConsenSys Blockchain and Dapp Developer Job Kit’s purpose is to encourage would-be blockchain interested people to get started. With businesses hiring for blockchain and crypto work, varied, well-paid opportunities abound, including with: - small remote teams - VC-funded startups - industry leaders - tech giants. A report by TheNextWeb’s Hard Fork indicates IBM, Ernst & Young and Oracle are hiring for blockchain-related roles, competing with blockchain-centric companies like ConsenSys, Ripple and Axiom Zen. Talent is in demand. Yes, the Consensys Blockchain Jobs Report is self-serving. But is it is no less interesting for having that bias – and Consensys is recruiting.

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Don’t miss one of our greatest presidents’ bestselling autobiographies in his own words. Ronald Reagan’s story is a work of major historical importance, a narrative that The Washington Times calls “one of our classic American success stories.” Few presidents have accomplished more, or been so effective in changing the direction of government in ways that are both fundamental and lasting, than Ronald Reagan. Certainly no president has more dramatically raised the American spirit, or done so much to restore national strength and self-confidence. Here, then, is a truly American success story—a great and inspiring one. From modest beginnings as the son of a shoe salesman in Tampico, Illinois, Ronald Reagan achieved first a distinguished career in Hollywood and then, as governor of California and as president of the most powerful nation in the world, a career of public service unique in our history. Ronald Reagan’s account of that rise is told here with all the uncompromising candor, modesty, and wit that made him perhaps the most able communicator ever to occupy the White House, and also with the sense of drama of a gifted natural storyteller. He tells us, with warmth and pride, of his early years and of the elements that made him, in later life, a leader of such stubborn integrity, courage, and clear-minded optimism. Reading the account of this childhood, we understand how his parents, struggling to make ends meet despite family problems and the rigors of the Depression, shaped his belief in the virtues of American life—the need to help others, the desire to get ahead and to get things done, the deep trust in the basic goodness, values, and sense of justice of the American people—virtues that few presidents have expressed more eloquently than Ronald Reagan. With absolute authority and a keen eye for the details and the anecdotes that humanize history, Ronald Reagan takes the reader behind the scenes of his extraordinary career, from his first political experiences as president of the Screen Actors Guild (including his first meeting with a beautiful young actress who was later to become Nancy Reagan) to such high points of his presidency as the November 1985 Geneva meeting with Mikhail Gorbachev, during which Reagan invited the Soviet leader outside for a breath of fresh air and then took him off for a walk and a man-to-man chat, without aides, that set the course for arms reduction and charted the end of the Cold War. Here he reveals what went on behind his decision to enter politics and run for the governorship of California, the speech nominating Barry Goldwater that first made Reagan a national political figure, his race for the presidency, his relations with the members of his own cabinet, and his frustrations with Congress. He gives us the details of the great themes and dramatic crises of his eight years in office, from Lebanon to Grenada, from the struggle to achieve arms control to tax reform, from Iran-Contra to the visits abroad that did so much to reestablish the United States in the eyes of the world as a friendly and peaceful power. His narrative is full of insights, from the unseen dangers of Gorbachev’s first visit to the United States to Reagan’s own personal correspondence with major foreign leaders, as well as his innermost feelings about life in the White House, the assassination attempt, his family—and the enduring love between himself and Mrs. Reagan. An American Life is a warm, richly detailed, and deeply human book, a brilliant self-portrait, a significant work of history. Do You Want To Build Your Own Bookshelf? Create Your FREE Account Not a Conservative Book Club VIP Member? Join now and get these great features, including Free E-Books, Audio Excerpts, Book Previews, Podcast Bonus Episodes, and Access to the Private, Members-Only Facebook Group, and much more! Become a Conservative Book Club VIP Member!

Date: 22nd September, 2020 Description: Ambulance requested Fire Service Attendance. A crew from Devizes were mobilised due to a report of a young boy having a metal traffic cone stuck on his head. Crews made an assessment and used bolt croppers to release the young boy from his new unintentional head garment. Location: The Leaze, Bromham, Chippenham, UK

(Originally posted on Blogger) In the past week, this blog has posted several lists of reviews written by participants in the Australian Women Writers challenge of books released this year (2012). These lists have been organised as follows: - Literary works (including some nonfiction) - Speculative Fiction/Fantasy/Horror/Paranormal/Sci-Fi - Historical Fiction - Romance/novels with “romantic elements” - Contemporary/Popular/Mainstream/Women’s Fiction The intention wasn’t to exclude books from the “literary” category. Rather it was to organise titles so readers could find reviews of books that were likely to interest them, and to invite challenge participants to identify books of literary merit which deserve to be regarded as possible future prize winners, despite having “generic” qualities. (This is in keeping with The Stella Prize’s aim of including a wider net than what some might deem purely “literary”.) Bookbloggers and publishers were approached for their views on which books they consider literary; invitations for readers and authors to comment were posted on Twitter, Facebook and in the list posts themselves. The aim was to try to identify and include many more books than those published by recognisable literary imprints. Despite these efforts, some books slipped through the net and at least one author expressed dismay at having her book connected to the label “women’s fiction”. My apologies. It’s an imperfect system, but it’s by far from being prescriptive. It’s open to correction and relies on community input. If there are any other titles that should go on the “literary” page, please let me know. On another point of contention: an author of Young Adult (YA) fiction commented a while ago on the blog, expressing bemusement as to why YA books appear on a separate tab on this website. Many YA books have more in common with the various genres listed above than with each other, and appeal to adult as well as young adult audiences. With this in mind, rather than compiling a separate list of YA books, I ask YA authors and readers to nominate which tally recent (2012) YA releases should appear on. If you can help, please add your comment. Just for the record. Paddy O’Reilly has accepted an invitation to write a blog post for AWW explaining why she objects to the label “women’s fiction”. I’ll keep you posted.

Postcard from Provence: Project Hyeres Think of it as Europe’s version of “Project Runway.” Fashion writer Nerissa Pacio has been covering the 25th International Festival de Mode et Photographie, which wrapped up in the coastal town of Hyeres, France, in early May. Twelve young designers from around the globe competed in a high-stakes design competition for 15,000 Euros and the top honor from the festival, headed this year by Dries Van Noten. Here, some highlights from the fashion show, and a peek at winner Alexandre Verschueren’s collection. An origami-like cape designed with hand-cut fabric by Alexandra Verschueren of Antwerp, Belgium, who was inspired by the manipulation of paper for her grand-prize-winning collection. Photos by Edric Itchon Nada Van Dalen of the Netherlands took a cue from Berlin’s history for her mixed collection of men’s and womenswear. Conceptual men’s wear look from Lucile Puton of France, who was inspired to create winter garments by the story of the first man to climb Mount Everest. South Korean designer Yun Jung Kim’s intricately pleated dress from her womenswear collection inspired by travels to Spain. South Korea was one of the sponsoring countries for the festival. Tsolmandakh Munkhuu’s all-black womenswear collection was inspired by her Mongolian heritage. Now based in Paris, she took home second place in the competition.

Founded in 1963, the New York Film Festival predated both the Sundance and Toronto festivals, which eventually loomed much larger in terms of size, media attention and industry influence (both serve as sales markets). New York’s main claim to fame was as a tastemaker and gatekeeper: it very selectively imported the most acclaimed films from abroad as well as introducing important new voices in American filmmaking. Under the 25-year leadership of the festival’s first director, Richard Roud, the French definition of auteur cinema ruled, and the consequent influence of the Cannes Film Festival made for programming heavy on European films. In the next quarter-century, Roud’s successor, Richard Peña broadened the festival’s scope in various ways, offering more documentaries and American independents as well as showcasing auteurs from cinemas as diverse as China, Taiwan, Iran, Egypt and Burkino Faso. Even before Kent Jones took over from Peña four year ago, the Film Society of Lincoln Center, which sponsors the festival, had been undergoing various changes, some of which were reflected in a continually expanding range of festival offerings: These now include “Spotlight on Documentary” (a section I consider the most important addition of recent years) and “Convergence” (about VR and various form of “immersive” storytelling); revivals, retrospectives and restorations; filmmaker talks, salutes to actors, etc. The festival’s Main Slate, though, remains its chief calling card, and rightly so: it aims to gather best of world cinema into a program of only two to three dozen films (this year’s edition includes 25 features and five programs of shorts). In recent years, one notable departure from the festival’s traditional emphases entailed opening the doors to major-studio movies, which led to Opening-Night slots for the likes of Paul Greengrass’ “Captain Phillips,” David Fincher’s “Gone Girl” and Robert Zemeckis’ “The Walk.” Whether such inclusions were intended to boost the festival’s media or industry profiles or attract a broader base of donors—all very understandable objectives—this year’s edition reverses the trend very decisively. Its sole big-ticket item, Ang Lee’s “Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk,” comes from a great director with a NYFF history and is a special presentation near the festival’s end. The Opening Night slot, meanwhile, will be occupied by “The 13th," Ava Duvernay’s documentary about the mass-incarceration of African-American men. While the film wasn’t available in time to be previewed for this article, I’m ready to lead the cheers for the festival including a documentary as its Opening Night offering (first time ever), especially one by such an estimable filmmaker. I’ve been covering the NYFF for more than half of its history, and perhaps the highest compliment I can pay its programmers is to note that more often than not, as many as half the films on my annual 10-best list appeared in the festival’s Main Slate. Granted, there are always reasons to quibble: trendy or inconsequential films that are inexplicably included, and anticipated titles that aren’t (this year my list of most regretted no-shows is led by Ashgar Farhadi’s “The Salesman” and Damien Chazelle's “La La Land”; both directors are NYFF veterans). Yet it’s also been my experience that the films that really define the festival’s special flavor every year are not just the laureates from Cannes and other festivals but some of its less obvious, more idiosyncratic offerings. This year, the latter category is led by “Son of Joseph,” the latest by the New York-born, Paris-based director Eugène Green. In recent years, my greatest debt to the NYFF might have been the discovery of Green’s sublime “La Sapienza” (his first film distributed in the U.S. and number one on my ten-best list of last year) at the 2014 festival. Having now seen much of Green’s earlier work, I count myself lucky to have encountered “La Sapienza” first, since its strikes me as his one unqualified masterpiece and thus the film that provides the best introduction to a body of work that is decidedly eccentric. An American who went to France and helped revive its tradition of Baroque theater before turning to filmmaking, Green is an anti-modernist who wages war against pretty much everything that contemporary French intellectual culture represents. Like the Dardennes brothers (who co-produced “Son of Joseph” and whose exquisite “The Unknown Girl” is also in this year’s festival) he owes obvious debts to the cinema of Robert Bresson in both his essentially religious outlook and his pared-down visual style. Like many of his films, “Son of Joseph” is rife with Biblical references. Given Green’s Christian orientation, it’s no surprise that the Joseph evoked here is he of the New Testament not the Old. The film’s protagonist is a Parisian boy whose pervasive unhappiness seems to stem in large part from the refusal of his mother (named, of course, Marie) to reveal the identity of his father. In his probings, the teen discovers evidence that his dad is a celebrated literary publisher (a wonderfully droll turn by Mathieu Amalric) who’s as big a creep as he is a cultural icon. While pursuing him, the boy also encounters and develops a friendship with the publisher’s brother (Green regular Fabrizio Rongione), a kindly man who wants to return to his family’s farm in Normandy. In “La Sapienza,” the characters left the dry intellectualism of Paris for Italy’s warmth, verdant landscapes and Baroque architectural masterpieces; the film’s story describes a personal and philosophical journey toward wisdom and healing. “Son of Joseph” is much different in large part because it mostly remains planted in Paris, where its religious symbolism vies against Green’s broad satiric swipes at the city’s literary scene. Some of this is obviously intended as comedy, but other parts are less clearly jocular in their intent, though many people in the press screening I attended laughed like they were in a Mel Brooks movie. While Green certainly has his whimsical side, I would say that the reactions his latest provokes mark it a mixed success by a very unusual artist. An expatriate from a different hemisphere, Alison Maclean first visited the NYFF with “Kitchen Sink,” a 1989 short made in her native New Zealand. Resident in New York since 1992, she returned to her homeland to make the sharp, keenly observed feature “The Rehearsal,” which follows a group of aspiring actors through their first year of drama school. Adapted from a novel by Eleanor Catton, the film inevitably provokes the term “multi-layered” in part because we are always watching actors playing actors learning about acting. But Maclean never makes this an exercise in cerebral self-consciousness. With great subtlety and incisiveness, she concentrates on drawing very detailed, believable characters and then follows the process they undergo in gradually immersing themselves in a discipline that’s at once seductive and demanding, vainglorious and ego-crushing. Her main character, Stanley (charismatic Kiwi teen star James Rolleston), is a country boy who, despite his good looks, approaches his new life with the tentativeness of someone who lacks the confidence his urban classmates have come by naturally. He meets his match in the domineering personality of his main teacher (a strong performance by Kerry Fox). She sees her role and breaking her students down before she can build them up again, and at first Stanley seems like he just might not survive the ordeal. The film, though, ably chronicles the personal transformations and growth that students must undergo to discover the powers their instructors see in the best of them. At the same time, they all have lives outside the classroom, and “The Rehearsal” is very good at interweaving the ups and downs of first-year-at-college, the roommate snarls, newfound romances and hedonistic detours, even the unexpected tragedy. All in all, with its sure sense of narrative and Maclean’s cool, restrained style, it’s a film that makes good on the promise of her first two features, “Crush” and “Jesus’ Son.” The festival dependably presents films about New York cultural icons that are sometimes made by filmmakers who qualify as the same. This year’s example, “Gimme Danger” by Jim Jarmusch, opens with a gaunt, lank-haired guy sitting down in front of the camera and being identified: “Jim Osterberg.” The name, of course, is the real-life moniker of the protean performer the world knows as Iggy Pop, erstwhile lead vocalist of the Stooges. With Iggy eloquently narrating, Jarmusch initially throws viewers a curveball in his documentary about the band by beginning the chronicle in 1973, when they were at a low point, seemingly already washed up. But soon enough the filmmaker doubles back and gives us the story chronologically, starting with the Ann Arbor-based Stooges being discovered by influential Elektra Records PR man Danny Fields. (This part of the story is also recounted in Brendan Toller’s excellent doc about Fields, “Danny Says,” which opens this week.) Their signing with Elektra led to the wide-eyed Midwestern boys being introduced to the fleshpots of the two coasts. In New York, Iggy works with John Cale, begins a romance with Nico (who has recently broken off with Lou Reed) and meets David Bowie, who would have a huge influence on his subsequent career. In L.A., he encounters Andy Warhol and takes to wearing dog collars. The Stooges’ first two albums, which were recorded in these separate sojourns, would later be regarded as classics, but they didn’t set the world on fire at a time when hippiedom and pot-flavored acoustic rock still ruled. Elektra dropped them after the second disc, which sent the band into the usual rock-star spiral of drugs, drink, fights, personnel changes and eventual dissolution. Commendably, neither Jarmusch nor Iggy ever uses the hackneyed phrase “ahead of their time,” but the Stooges surely were—perhaps more so than any American rock act apart from the Velvet Underground. The raw, aggressive sonic assaults they unleashed on an unsuspecting public in 1970 influenced the Ramones in America, the Sex Pistols and the Clash in the U.K., as well as perhaps half the bands who would dominate the college radio airwaves and U.S. club scene a decade later. Though Iggy, whose Greek-god physique remains pristine after nearly a half-century, disavows all labels including “punk,” his fearless stage dives and utter disregard of injuries (which were manifold) set the parameters for many future mosh pits and lead-singer derring do. He is still an amazing performer, as well as a thoughtful and articulate teller of his and the Stooges’ tale (the film also includes interviews with other surviving band members). With a style that’s more straightforward and less quirky than one might expect from Jarmusch, “Gimme Danger” provides an expert and engrossing overview of one of America’s seminal rock acts. Cream of the Crop As noted above, the NYFF dependably provides a first look at films that end up on my annual ten-best lists. Of the titles screened so far for the press, four seem likely candidates for such honors, whether they go into general release this year or next. I offer them here for festival-goers looking for the best of this year’s Main Slate. All have been reviewed on RogerEbert.com in previous festivals. In order of preference: Cristian Mungiu's “Graduation” is a brilliantly crafted drama that weds stylistic rigor to a story that interrogates moral choices in present-day Romania; this one concerns a doctor and the lengths he will go to to get his daughter to a British university. (Our review from Cannes) Cristi Puiu’s “Sieranevada,” also from Romania, offers a stylistic tour de force in which a ritual family gathering, presented with an almost anthropological avidity for details, as well as drolly understated wit, involves conversations touching on everything from 9/11 conspiracy theories to Romania’s Communist past. (Our review from Cannes) “I, Daniel Blake,” the winner of the 2016 Palme d’or at Cannes and the best film in many years from British stalwart Ken Loach, sums up the bureaucratic miseries of digital-era England in this tale of disabled worker waging a Kafkaesque battle to get his health benefits. (Our review from Cannes) “The Unknown Girl,” the latest masterpiece by the Dardennes brothers, takes place in their native Belgium and concerns a young doctor trying to deal with both her own guilt and an unsolved mystery after a young African immigrant is killed near her office. (Our review from Cannes) The 54th New York Film Festival runs from September 30 to October 16. Click here for more information.

late 13c., "foolish, ignorant, frivolous, senseless," from Old French nice (12c.) "careless, clumsy; weak; poor, needy; simple, stupid, silly, foolish," from Latin nescius "ignorant, unaware," literally "not-knowing," from ne- "not" (from PIE root *ne- "not") + stem of scire "to know" (see science). "The sense development has been extraordinary, even for an adj." [Weekley] -- from "timid, faint-hearted" (pre-1300); to "fussy, fastidious" (late 14c.); to "dainty, delicate" (c. 1400); to "precise, careful" (1500s, preserved in such terms as a nice distinction and nice and early); to "agreeable, delightful" (1769); to "kind, thoughtful" (1830). In many examples from the 16th and 17th centuries it is difficult to say in what particular sense the writer intended it to be taken. [OED] By 1926, it was pronounced "too great a favorite with the ladies, who have charmed out of it all its individuality and converted it into a mere diffuser of vague and mild agreeableness." [Fowler] "I am sure," cried Catherine, "I did not mean to say anything wrong; but it is a nice book, and why should I not call it so?" "Very true," said Henry, "and this is a very nice day, and we are taking a very nice walk; and you are two very nice young ladies. Oh! It is a very nice word indeed! It does for everything." [Jane Austen, "Northanger Abbey," 1803] For sense evolution, compare fond, innocent, lewd, also silly.

Do you remember my recent blog about Blades in the Dark? My friends and I played our one-off session, and it’s finally time to see what happened when my character, Lapis de la Nuit, joined up with Gwack Zextra and Alecia Petronova! (Please note that this blog entry is rated R and not intended for children!!! lol) The bells in the dilapidated clock-tower still worked. The sound of the midnight bells rang loudly through the dark, empty streets of the formerly rich district of the Six Towers in the city of Doskvol, where it is always night. Giant townhouses, slanted and concave, created organized rows of desolation. But on one street, a small cloaked man scurried and shuffled towards the one house on the block that seemed to have lights on inside. The little man was slow and quite old, but he knew precisely where he was going. He walked up the steps and started knocking with determination. This was the house of the “Seventh Tower” – an elite crew put together by Bazso Baz for high profile assassinations, heists and intel operations. Although, they certainly didn’t look like an elite crew based on their appearance. In the front parlor lay Gwack Zextra on a dusty chaise-lounge, sampling some new recreational drugs that he had just designed in his laboratory hours before. He was of strong build and would be an attractive man, if he weren’t constantly in a stupor. Gwack, also known as “G” within the crew, was a mastermind Leech – a saboteur and technician – and he battled with the struggles that come along with high intelligence; to him, knowing too much was a curse and he needed to quiet his mind through drugs and alcohol on a constant basis. High intelligence was less of a problem for Alecia Petronova, the crew’s Cutter. He was a dangerous fighter with a massive frame, and massive arms to boot. Alecia was always working out in his spare time, partly to take his mind off of the unfortunate turn that his life had taken. He once was a gladiator for a noble family and enjoyed many of the best riches the world had to offer. Unfortunately, in his youth, the noble home where he worked and lived was targeted by murderous thieves who robbed the estate and killed nearly everyone on the property. Almost everyone, but Alecia, aka “Cia”, survived and went off to make his own way. It hadn’t been easy until Bazso Baz, a well known gang leader, recognized Alecia’s strength and skills, and teamed him up with Gwack Zextra and a young woman called “Nightstar” who could speak to the dead. This young woman was really named Lapis de la Nuit, a Slide who was not only a spy and manipulator, she was an occultist. Her room was upstairs in the Seventh Tower’s hideout, where she worked by candle light to read tarot cards and conducted seances nightly. Lapis was slender and beautiful, and she grew up in a brothel with her mother (who ran it) so she knew how to use her feminine wiles to procure information and steal money when she needed it. However, despite being sexy and savvy, both Gwack and Alecia knew that Lapis was an odd-ball. She wore steampunk goggles to speak with ghosts, or “fantômes” as she called them, since she spoke French. Gwack was in no condition to be answering the door. He heard the knocking and turned his head. The banging continued, and got louder. Was it just in his mind? Could he hear a voice just outside the door, or was this all a dream? G made some flailing attempts to get out of the reclined position that he was in, but by the time he was upright, Alecia was already pushing him out of the way with his big, sweaty arms. Cia was never happy to be interrupted mid-workout, and G being too drugged out to even open the door wasn’t helping Cia’s mood. Their hideout wasn’t exactly a place where visitors came calling, so someone knocking at the door was a bit ominous. Cia peeked through the window curtains and saw the silhouetted figure’s small frame. Not feeling much of a threat, he cracked open the door and said gruffly, “You have the wrong address.” “I wish to speak with one who is called Alecia. I was sent by Madame Bloodsoe,” the dark figure whispered in reply. Cia immediately slammed the door shut in the stranger’s face. He sighed and paced back and forth. Why does this man know his name? The knocking on the door resumed. After a moment, Cia opened the door again and let the man in, who identified himself as Ekan. He asked Ekan to wait while he dumped a bucket of water on Gwack to help him sober up, and retrieved Nightstar from the attic. As she made her way downstairs, Lapis sensed a new spirit presence in the house that seemed to be seeking her help. With the crew assembled in the front hall, Ekan explained that Alecia knew Madame Bloodsoe, and Cia sighed and admitted that they once worked together, in a way. Ekan continued on and said that he was Bloodsoe’s personal medium, and that she had passed away. Lapis felt this was strange, and sensed that the spirit presence wanted to tell her something. Ekan continued on. “Madame Bloodsoe was murdered. She does not know how or why. She says she cannot rest in peace without finding out who murdered her, and without saving the “Bloodsoe Mace” which is a family heirloom that remains in her home to this day. Madame Bloodsoe worries that a gang will try to take over her mansion, so she wants the house destroyed.” At the word destroyed, Gwack seemed to perk up and pay attention. “If you can do all this and bring me the Bloodsoe Mace, I will pay you 4 Large Gold Coins for it. This is no small fee, as you know. Madame Bloodsoe prides herself on the preservation of this highly… treasured heirloom.” Ekan seemed to emphasize the word treasured in a strange way that gave Lapis even more unease. Nightstar decided to put on her steampunk goggles and see why the spirit was making her feel so unwell. Focusing her intention on the spirit, she could see the outline of a wealthy, older woman. “I was hoping you would find me,” the fantôme whispered. “Do not trust this man Ekan. Ask him to leave the room.” Lapis motioned with her head to Alecia, who wordlessly pushed Ekan into a side room and closed the door. “I am Madame Bloodsoe. I need your help to find my attacker, destroy the house and save the Mace; this much is true. But I cannot trust Ekan. Please help me, please!” The fantôme was desperate and beginning to wail, as Lapis knew they often did. While the ghost lamented, Lapis explained to the crew who the spirit was and what she wanted. Cia was skeptical, and decided to verify the ghost’s identity with a little test. He asked what they had eaten for dinner on the fateful night that Cia’s family was murdered. But the ghost of Madame Bloodsoe knew the right answer (it was rabbit) and Cia was convinced, and a little disturbed that his past was literally haunting him. “This man Ekan is not a good man. He wants to sell the Bloodsoe Mace in an auction and make a profit from my death. I heard him making arrangements!” Lapis continued to translate what the fantôme was saying to the rest of the crew. “WAIT! …What is going on?” Gwack interrupted, slightly slurring his words. Cia and Lapis rolled their eyes. The Ghost of Madame Bloodsoe continued, “I need you to complete the mission, but don’t give the Mace to Ekan. Bring the mace to Ricmoore Silverstok, my vault keeper. He will pay you the same and ensure that the heirloom stays in the family vault and not in the hands of an auctioneer for Ekan’s profit. You see, I was targeted by a gang of thieves. When I was murdered, my spirit was not able to rest and awakened in an area far from my home – something happened to me that is not right. I must find out what happened or I will never be able to move on and be at rest. Please help me!” Lapis parley’d the ghost’s message to her crew. They decided to get Ekan out of their house immediately. Cia steered the little man out of the house, but as he was pushed out, Ekan tried to get Cia to agree to bring him the Mace after the mission was complete. Instead of a handshake, Cia crushed Ekan’s hand and the small man was angry as he left the hideout. The crew asked more questions of Madame Bloodsoe’s ghost after Ekan left. How did she die, was it poison? An attack? But Madame Bloodsoe was not sure. She believed whatever happened must have been an attack from behind because she did not remember seeing anything. She was in the bedroom, someone must have broken into her home. Madame Bloodsoe also told them that the Mace was on display in the library. When she was alive there were servants in the home, but she did not know if the were alive anymore. She also didn’t know if they were trustworthy. She warned that the house is well secured and they would need to have a plan to get inside. Lapis reassured the spirit that they were on the case and she would be at rest very soon. But first, they had to wait a bit for Gwack to sober up. A few hours later, the crew was planning to enter the house via the cellar. The door seemed to have a very complicated lock, and through the glass panes they could see that there were lights on inside the mansion. First Cia tried to use a lockpicking kit, and Gwack tried to help him with his tinkering skills. Unfortunately, the mechanism jammed and made a loud metal screech. Then Gwack pushed Cia out of the way to tinker some more. Working furiously, he managed to break the entire lock off the door, making a huge bang that echoed down the deserted street. But… the door was now open. Cia led the way into the cellar. He had the good sense to remember to bring a delivery man uniform to make his way further into the house. After a few steps, a man dressed as a servant approached Cia and started questioning him. When it was clear that Cia was not really who he was pretending to be, Cia used a scary weapon to stab the servant – but not before getting grazed by a bullet from the servant’s pistol! Why would a servant have a pistol in the first place? The sound of the pistol fire sent Gwack and Lapis running in after Alecia, all the while knowing that this must have set off an alert to whoever is upstairs as well. Gwack was fixed on setting up his demolition tools to destroy the house at the end of the mission. This was something he had wanted to do for a long time. As he set up explosives at various parts of the foundation, he struggled because some of them were damaged. But an evil genius like Gwack had always wanted to blow up a building, and so was able to come up with new ways to make the explosives work. As G was busy setting up the demolition, Lapis used her own disguise kit to make herself look like a servant. She crept upstairs and stealthily found her way to the parlor, where she saw a man wearing a cloak and a white mask. The figure turned to her and tilted his head askew, as if confused to see her there. Lapis grabbed her Trance Powder from her pocket and blew it in the masked figure’s face. “I am a servant of this house and you will let me walk by freely,” she said to him simply. The figure was entranced but the powder made him sneeze loudly, and the noise brought a second masked figure running into the room. Using the remaining Trance Powder, Lapis disabled the second man and left them in the parlor. However, she could sense that there were two more men in the library down the hall, where the Bloodsoe Mace was waiting. At this time, Gwack made his way up to the hallway where Lapis was standing. Together they made their way to the staircase, The old stairs made loud creaking sounds, despite their best efforts to be quiet. This alerted the masked figures guarding the library, and they came running towards G and Nightstar, now trapped on the stairs. Cia appeared just at the right moment with his dragon’s clave weapon, eliminating one of the assailants with one bludgeoning blow. Deciding that Cia had things under control on the first floor, Gwack and Lapis rushed upstairs and found themselves in a fancy living area. Lapis put her steampunk goggles on and saw the ghosts of three servants sitting on the sofa, who verify that these masked assailants are the ones who murdered Madame Bloodsoe. Lapis and Gwack made their way further into the upstairs living space, and Gwack was attacked in the dining area. Using a defensive move, G flung his hands upward and without even meaning to, he stabbed the masked man in his eye! Meanwhile downstairs, Alecia was sparring off with the remaining attacker on the first floor. He tried to question the masked man, in between jabs from his fist. “Hopefully you’ll put up more of a fight than your friends!” Cia taunted him. But he quickly realized that this masked man was wearing armor under his cloak. Fighting in brawls wasn’t exactly Nightstar’s specialty, so she quietly moved past the dining area where Gwack was fighting, and down the hall to a closed door, presumably the bedroom. Lapis lightly knocked on the door and then opened it to find a single masked man alone in the room. There was a strong foul odor that hit her when she entered the bedroom, but Lapis tried to ignore it. “Oh lucky me, finding such a man alone in such a beautiful bedroom!” she said, closing the door and taking off her coat. “Why don’t you take off that cloak and let me see you?” Lapis turned on the charm, walking right up to this man and stroking his arm, helping him remove his clothing. The masked man complied eagerly. He removed his mask and his cloak. Lapis put her hands on his belt and looked up at him. “Who are you? What are you doing here in this house?” “I think you already know what we’re doing here. I’m a member of the Wraiths.” “The Wraiths!” Lapis exclaimed with horror. They were a well known, ruthless gang who committed many atrocities across Doskvol. Gwack heard Lapis’ yell this from the bedroom as he made a finishing blow on his assailant. His mind suddenly began to race. He knew that his drug dealer was connected to the Wraiths. Was this a group that he wanted to start trouble with? But suddenly he heard Cia struggling by the stairs with the remaining Wraith assailant downstairs, and G rushed down to help him. Back in the bedroom, the Wraith had fully disrobed and was pushing Lapis down onto her knees. “You’re lucky you found me. I will treat you very well. Just look how well I treated the last woman who was in this room!” He began to laugh, and gestured toward the closet in the corner. The door was open, and it was now obvious where the stench was coming from – Madame Bloodsoe’s dead body was seated in a heap, with her face carved off like a mask. “I carved a mask on her face with the power of the Wraiths so she wouldn’t remember what happened when she awoke as a pathetic ghost! We targeted the old bat so we could take her antiques, but her house is so comfortable, we decided to stay here. And why wouldn’t I want to stay here, when I have a young vixen like you just walking in the bedroom?” At that moment, downstairs in the library, Gwack was prying the Bloodsoe Mace from it’s display case. In his struggle, he damaged the heirloom a bit as he pried it off, but as soon as he held it in his hands, he knew what a strong weapon it was. Not that he needed it – Cia had finally finished off the armored Wraith, who was certainly much tougher than they had expected. As they caught their breath, they suddenly wondered where Lapis was. Upstairs in the bedroom, Lapis was trying to get away. This Wraith was clearly one of the leaders of this sadistic group, and he had no intention of letting Nightstar out of the room without having his way with her. Lapis pulled her pistol from the hidden holster in her skirt and took a shot at the Wraith, but she missed. The Wraith began to laugh again and pushed Lapis down onto the bed. The sound of the pistol upstairs sent Cia and Gwack running up to see what they could do to help. They barged into the room and Cia used his throwing knives to impale the Wraith as Gwack pulled him off of Lapis. Jumping off the bed, Lapis tried to stab at the Wraith, but missed again. Gwack was in prime position to impale the Wraith with the Bloodsoe Mace, knocking the final attacker to the floor. It was time to get out of there and finish the job. The Seventh Tower crew raced out of the house and as Gwack pulled out the detonator for the explosives, Cia asked if he could push the button. “Why do you hate Madame Bloodsoe this much?” asked Gwack. Cia explained that after his family was murdered, she tried to force him into servitude, and that was why he had to leave. Madame Bloodsoe wasn’t as innocent as she would have them believe. Alecia pushed the button. The house exploded and lit up the streets with fire, creating an eerie daylight appearance for a brief moment. In the light, Gwack realized that the Bloodsoe Mace was looking pretty gross. It was damaged and covered with blood and bits of brain. The crew worked together to clean and tinker with it to fix it up as best they could, and they took it to Ricmoore’s warehouse. However, after appraisal, Ricmoore decided to pay the crew only 3 Large Gold coins instead. The crew thought this was fair as they headed back to their hideout. One Large Gold coin each would carry them over until their next mission. Lapis knew that Madame Bloodsoe wouldn’t be bothering them anymore… but what about Ekan? Would he be giving them trouble now? And what about the Wraiths? When would they strike next? And Gwack continued to worry… did his participation in this mission mean that he just lost his best drug connection?? We hope you liked our one-off session of Blades in the Dark! It was really fun to play in this game world full of thieves and spies. Everyone is a bad guy! The game play was pretty simple too, but that might be been because of our abbreviated session. I’ve looked at some of the game materials and it definitely can become complex. Maybe someday I’ll get to play this game again. I highly recommend that gamers check it out!

There is mounting evidence that American children are more and more in peril, in part because they are less and less assured of the sustained care, support, and safety that comes only with order in their immediate environments. Children are bearing the brunt of a profound cultural shift whose negative features we are now in a position to observe and whose continuing costs will last much longer than our own lifetimes. Youth themselves, that always suspect category, appear to confirm such dire assessments. Under the headline “Profiles of Today’s Youths: Many Just Don’t Seem to Care,” the New York Times recently sketched a portrait of an “indifferent generation.” The most apathetic and alienated are eighteen to twenty-nine years old. The decline of the family is cited as one reason for the appearance of the civically uninterested and cynically self-interested as a paradigm for young adulthood—that, and the paucity of “civic education.” Even People for the American Way hopped on the bandwagon, arguing in a report that “young people seem to have a half-formed understanding of citizenship, stressing rights but ignoring responsibilities.” This assessment is reinforced by the Times survey, which indicated that the only issues that get the attention of the young are those that stress personal freedom narrowly construed.... For just $19.95 a year, get access to new issues and decades' worth of archives on our site. Print + Online For $29.95 a year, get new issues delivered to your door and access to our full online archives.

Pdf Хобо В России 2009 - United States - United Kingdom Calendar of Events Why join the NCS? Network with other Collectorspdf хобо в россии ': ' This content were about loved. & ': ' This vision sent not come. proxy ': ' This power entered strongly required. shelf ': ' This advertising updated below formed. draw ': ' This substrate received not killed. ConventionsWorth ', ' 825 ': ' San Diego ', ' 800 ': ' Bakersfield ', ' 552 ': ' Presque Isle ', ' 564 ': ' Charleston-Huntington ', ' 528 ': ' Miami-Ft. 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Let us be honest... we so often see people or interact with people and think to ourselves… ”what is wrong with that person?” A normal response... But what if we shifted the focus and asked them... “what happened to you in your story that has effected the way you are responding today?” Imagine: You are driving down the street and you see a young girl, barely enough clothes on to cover her feminine features, begging for the attention from surrounding men, clearly abusing alcohol or some other substance, falling down, drunk. Imagine: A young boy in a classroom who can not focus on the task to save his life... driving his teachers and peers to the edge. Imagine: A 49 year old man who has been in and out of rehab more times than you can count on one hand. Lost his business, his family, his sanity. What is wrong with them? -She was abused by her uncle from age 5-10. Never shown what true love and respect looks like. -He has been in 3 foster homes in the last year and his mother abused drugs when she was pregnant and gave him up for adoption at age 3. -He never knew his mother and his father raised him and struggled with his own mental health and addition issues. “People are harder to hate close up. Move in.” This is in line with the chapter from Brene Brown’s book "BRAVING THE WILDERNESS" “We're going to need to intentionally be with people who are different than us. We're going to have to sign up, join, and take a seat at the table. We're going to have to learn how to listen, have hard conversations, look for joy, share pain, and be more curious than defensive, all while seeking moments of togetherness.” Lets take it one level deeper... I recently read an article that highlights the connection between childhood (and general) trauma and how it manifests in our present reality, personality, and behaviors. This is a quote from that article.... "A well-established and growing body of evidence tells us the developing brain is an extraordinarily adaptive organ. When a child is raised in an environment with toxic levels of stress, the structure and chemistry of his or her brain evolves accordingly. So a child who is wired for survival in a hostile environment may have a tough time focusing and behaving as expected in a classroom.” Okay... so what do we do??? The article goes on to say... “The developing brain, however, is malleable not just in response to adversity. Nurturing, positive, and trusting relationships with adults can repair damage done and reshape the brain’s neuro-architecture in a way that is advantageous to the child—as well as society." Can we provide nurturing, positive and trusting spaces? Communities? Relationships? Can we move in. To each other. Listen. Show up. It would behoove us to move from judgement to compassion. It is time. Just look at the news for 5 seconds. It is time. I must add... This is not a call to be mushy and spineless. This is a call for accountability as well. But accountability with compassion. It feels vital in our world today. The invitation is to level up. To face our own stuff. To own our stories and pain so that we can hold others in theirs. We need each other to be a safe places to land, to be heard, to be known, to be loved, and to move forward together. We need therapists, teachers, ministers, parents, friends, family to take the risk of softening and listening. So the next time you are disgusted by that guy on the news channel or that person who commented on your Facebook or that co-worker that you just can’t stand... Move in with compassion. Become curious about what is behind that persons reality and your response to them. This is not a call to be best friends with everyone or to approve of lifestyles outside your judgement and value system. Do not confuse my words. This it is a call for awareness, curiosity, processing, and peace. People are harder to hate close up, move in. I imagine this is true for myself as well. The more compassion I offer to myself, the more I experience myself as loved and held. I have often found myself scattered, exhausted, confused, overwhelmed, running to hard, messy, struggling with this and that and in a shaming tone asking myself “what is wrong with you SC??” But instead, could I move into myself and take a look around and show myself a little compassion. We are all carrying more than we know. We are harder to hate close up.

Public toilets letting us down The inadequacy of public toilets today indicates an abandonment of both municipal responsibility and social solidarity In his 1937 essay What is a City?, historian, sociologist and architecture critic Lewis Mumford described the city as a theatre — a space in which the social drama of urban life could play out. It’s unlikely he envisioned the daily drama of parents with young children, the sick, and the weak-of-bladder looking in vain for an accessible public toilet. According to journalist Lezlie Lowe, it’s a struggle that’s all too common — testament to the decline in public toilets. In her book No Place to Go: How Public Toilets Fail our Private Needs, Lowe argues that the state of our public toilets tells us a great deal about what kind of cities and what kind of society we want to be. The automated toilets that now dot the urban landscape suggest a rather bleak compromise. The self-cleaning silver kiosks function increasingly as a kind of anti-facility, designed to minimise messy human reality as much as possible. The toilets have no seats, to prevent them being defaced or ripped out; they are lit with blue UV lights, to deter drug users; their doors are designed to open automatically, to discourage lingering; and they are almost chronically lacking in soap and paper. “When automated flushers and [taps] and hand dryers stop working, no human is there to know except the users — who have, precisely as a result of automation, been alienated from the space and feel no need to … report, for example, a non-flushing and rapidly filling clogged toilet,” Lowe told RN’s Blueprint for Living. It’s hard to imagine a more abject illustration of the failure of economic rationalism in urban design than a hapless individual interrupted while trying to relieve herself, by an automatically flushing toilet that flushed too soon, and automated doors that open unprompted to expose the unfolding drama within. Lowe started writing about public bathrooms a long time ago because she had young children. Nothing brings the issue into sharper relief than a child looking up at you in desperation, saying they need to go, she says. “I recognised that I was changing the way I used the city because I always had to have bathroom radar. “So I started looking at different people, for example, people who have Crohn’s or Colitis. Their entire day may be structured around where [they] can go, where [they] know [they] have instant access.” Of course, people with serious health conditions are just the pointy end of the problem. Lowe quotes one estimate that suggests when you include the elderly, parents with children, and menstruating women, roughly a quarter of the population has special bathroom needs. Read full article at https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-06-01/decline-in-public-toilet-design-disadvantages-women-elderly/11167952

JLabs’ Luby Takes the Reins at TMC Innovation Institute in Houston Houston—Tom Luby, the head of JLabs in Houston, has been named the new director of the Texas Medical Center’s Innovation Institute, the center announced Monday morning. Luby takes over the innovation institute three months after former director Erik Halvorsen left the role. Luby is already a known presence around the TMC innovation building thanks to the two years he has led JLabs @ TMC, the Houston outpost of Johnson & Johnson’s (NYSE: JNJ) network of innovation incubators. The pharmaceutical giant’s Houston incubator is embedded within TMC, but owned and managed by Johnson & Johnson. He came to Houston from Boston where he was senior director of new ventures. For Luby, taking the reins at the innovation institute represents the next logical step for both him and TMC, he says. At JLabs, he says he was able to bring a corporate perspective and resources to Houston’s startup ecosystem. Now, at TMC, he says he can work to bring more big businesses to connect with the institute’s health IT and medical device startups. “In order for Houston to continue to grow, we need other corporates to understand what’s going on here,” he says in an interview. “I’ll be here to engage with companies, to have them be sources of funding, to provide their experts. This increases the talent pool for Houston as well.” For Bill McKeon, TMC’s CEO, Luby brings his corporate hat, but also experience in life sciences startups—a combination needed at this stage of the institute’s development, he says. “He has that great combination of understanding science and also the business development experience,” McKeon says in an interview. Halvorsen told me he is “very excited” to see Luby make the move to TMC. “They could not have picked a better person to build on the great foundation at the TMC Innovation Institute,” he said in a text message. Last month, Halvorsen became chief business and strategy officer at FAR Biotech, a Houston-based company seeking to use machine learning to speed up cancer drug development. FAR is located within the institute’s office space for young bio companies. TMC established a startup accelerator called TMCx four years ago, the first in a series of initiatives to boost commercialization of biotech technologies and to attempt to make Houston the “Third Coast” of life sciences-related ecosystems, along with the larger hubs on the East and West coasts. The medical center has started a Biodesign fellowship in medical technologies with its member institutions, as well as a “BioBridge” program to work with researchers in medical centers in Australia and the United Kingdom. And last year, leaders launched a plan for the TMC Translational Research Campus, or TMC3, a $250 million center in the shape of a double helix that is expected to include restaurants, bars, retail, housing, and a conference center and hotel. The innovation institute governs all of these activities. Lance Black, the institute’s medical device lead, had been acting as interim director after Halvorsen’s departure, and now Black will assume the new role of associate director. Black’s main responsibility will be to direct the TMCx accelerator, while Luby will take a more strategic role supporting all of TMC’s innovation-related activities. “We know where to send you to help you become the entrepreneur you really want to be,” Luby says.

ETHNIC HUB, Top Trends, Wedding Do you still look at your old wedding photographs and find yourself reminiscing about the glorious night when all... ETHNIC HUB, Top Trends, Wedding The wedding bells are ringing, and people are getting ready with their pens and papers, making their shopping lists for a dreamy wedding. But the ultimate title for the most important attire goes to the traditional red bridal lehenga for the bride. Adorned with beads, laces, and patches, red colour lehengas for brides have always been the centre of attraction in weddings and a great talking point for the ladies. So, if this wedding season you are looking for something that makes you feel like a queen on your special day, then a royal red bridal lehenga is perfect for your look and the ladies to gossip about. Red colour lehengas have always been the number one choice for millions of Indian brides as it is considered auspicious in the Hindu culture. But why? There are many reasons that make red such an important colour for a bride. First, it is said to be the colour of new beginnings, passion, and prosperity. It is also associated with Goddess Durga, the Indian goddess who symbolises feminine power and strength. Another reason is related to astrology. Mars, the red giant, is the planet that governs marriage in a person’s life. That’s why women wear red lehengas on their wedding day as it represents prosperity and fertility. Now that you know why red is the colour for a wedding day, let’s move forward and talk about the most stunning bridal look in a red lehenga. What makes a red lehenga popular among all these women is its evergreen allure and grace. Here, we are looking at red lehengas for marriage that will make your heart swoon and make you go for a red bridal look. The most common style for brides is an all-red look. For this look, you can take inspiration from all the stunning brides of our country, all adorned in red on their respective days. Isn’t a full red lehenga adorned with flowers, french knots, and sequins the best attire to get married in? You can complete this look by adding gold jewellery, a heavy maharani necklace, kalire, and maang tika. This will surely give you a royal look! Another way to style this look is by adding pearls and emeralds to your jewellery. The emerald not only goes well with red but also symbolises fidelity, true love, and renewal. Need we say more? Nothing speaks royal better than the colour gold and, yes, the gold itself. Traditional red Marwari lehengas with golden borders can easily get anyone’s attention. The red lehenga bridal look is sure to make all brides feel like absolute princesses! Borders with mantras woven in golden thread on red can be a perfect blend of style and Indian culture. Imagine a lovely red lehenga with golden borders, embroidery, and golden lotuses sewn on it. You can add chudaa sets, full head maang tika, and big earrings to complete the look. Red and gold are some of the most famous combinations among brides. There are so many designs with different fabrics and styles available in red bridal lehenga online. Mostly popular among Bengali communities, the combination of red and white has become the number choice of other brides too. The Sabyasachi lehengas work great for inspiration in these patterns. White lehengas with floral patterns are a good choice for weddings in the summer season as it looks lightweight and charming. With a white lehenga, you may pair a heavy dupatta and heavy jewellery. If you want to express your glamorous side on your special day, then shimmer work can be a real deal for you. In shimmer, you get mirror work, sequins, and metallic work. With red marriage lehenga, you can pair choli and blouses with mirror work. You can also match a simple red lehenga with a sequin dupatta and blouse. Anarkali Silhouette is gaining popularity very fast among young brides. Red colour lehengas for weddings with asymmetric hems, tea length, and sheer covering are becoming a number choice for millennials. With an Anarkali silhouette, you can add more flare by Canaan and an umbrella cut. The list of things that makes a wedding exciting is incomplete without mentioning trends. With every new wedding season, come new trends. From red lehenga choli for weddings with minimal makeup to twinning the outfits, all these trends keep people swooning over the bridal looks. Below are some new trends that will dominate the wedding season this year. Botanical motifs have become popular in prints and patchwork. This season, birds are trending. You can find many heavy red bridal lehenga with peacocks, swans and sparrows embroidery. Heavy red bridal lehenga with floral and bird motifs are inspired by the Mughal era; they represent the famous Mughal gardens that were filled with roses and different birds. Any bridal look can go sour without proper jewellery. Gold has been the number one choice for brides for ages, but now many young brides are experimenting by adding more stones and elements into their jewellery boxes. To complete your look on your special day, you can add contrasting jewellery to your heavy bridal lehenga of red colour. Offbeat coloured jewellery, pearls, emeralds and other stones are trending as the latest choice for brides. Contrasting jewellery stands out in your entire look and gives more character to and uniqueness to wedding attire. The days when a simple neck was followed by all the brides are long gone. Now, brides are trying new necklines which are more modern and bolder. From deep necks to backless blouses, these fashionable, modern-day brides do not shy from flaunting. Strip and sleeveless cholis with Doris and looms are all time favourites. Who says that belts are for formals only? These days brides are wearing traditional belts with heavy work with their designer red bridal lehenga. This serves not as a stand out accessory but also gives your overall tire a neat look by holding it all together, the dupatta, lehenga and pallu. You can choose a wide and heavy belt adorned with lace, beads, pearls and much more or a thin metallic belt. This saying stands true even when we talk about your wedding lehenga. If you want to feel like royalty on your wedding day, then the double dupatta trend is made for you. With your simple red bridal lehenga, you can add a heavy, full of design and work dupatta wear over your head. Or you can choose to wear a simple, sheer dupatta. To complement your red lehenga, you can add a contrasting colour dupatta; it gives your attire more depth. If drama is what you want and like, feel free to add it to your wedding look. Exaggerated sleeves are here to stay and to rule this year’s wedding trends. If we talk in terms of sleeves, you have a lot of options, laced sleeves that give a romantic look, sheer sleeves with beads and pearls, puffy and ruffle sleeves. You will get tired of experimenting, but the list of stylish sleeves will go on, and so will charm. So, be bold and choose the one that has stolen your heart. It is a truth universally acknowledged that a bride is the most important person on a wedding day, almost like a superhero. Leaving her house and entering a new phase of her life, well, yes, definitely a superhero. And what a superhero needs is a cape. Showcase all your power on your special day by adding a traditional cape to your red wedding lehenga design. City brides are ditching the dupattas this wedding season to experiment more with more modern and hassle-free capes. So, what’s stopping you from going for the cape? Bohemian styles are becoming a popular choice for women for all kinds of festivals. But adding a Bohemian touch to your red lehenga choli for a wedding? Sounds bold and beautiful. Not only can boho patterns be made on your lehenga, but you can also wear boho jewellery and let your inner gipsy thrive on the big day! Choosing the perfect lehenga for your big day is a decision as important as any other wedding shenanigans. To get the best red bridal lehenga, you need to keep a lot of things in mind. What’s trending? What does your ideal wedding attire look like? What makes you feel comfortable? And much more. But the good news is with all these trends and thousands and thousands of options available in the market; you can put your finger on whatever you like. From modern to traditional, to bold and modest, just think of it, and you will find it. If this is what your heart desires then, Kreeva has got you covered. Explore as many designer red bridal lehenga as you want at affordable prices with excellent quality. Get the best wedding collection to dazzle on your special day!

Children benefit from the expertise of 280 teachers trained in the Incredible Years Classroom Management programme. Children encouraged through positive parenting as a result of 65 Facilitators trained in the Incredible Years Basic Parents programme. Children benefit from 1-1 support during school as a result of 185 mentors trained in the Mentoring for Achievement programme. The Archways basis.point Programme Delivering Incredible Years® , Mentoring for Achievement and Building Up Programme in disadvantaged areas of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Kilkenny and Wexford. The Incredible Years® programme delivered by Archways The Incredible Years® programme, delivered by Archways, is a proven prevention and early intervention programme for children aged 4-8 years with emotional, social and behavioural difficulties. Teachers are trained in the programme throughout the country to help children in the classroom setting and facilitators are trained to work with parents. basis.point provided early seed funding this programme which has subsequently been adopted by the Department of Education for DEIS Band 1 schools. We continue to fund DEIS Band 2 schools and other non designated schools. Mentoring for Achievement Programme The Mentoring for Achievement Programme (MAP) uses mentoring to increase school engagement among targeted students aged between 10 and 16, who have personal characteristics that interfere with learning. More recently a pilot afterschool programme has been introduced in North Dublin City encouraging positive peer groups and role models, for young students who are showing particular talents outside of the standard curriculum, in the fields of music, sports and the arts. Building resilience amongst vulnerable young people Research carried out by Archways highlighted that there is a noticeable increase in anxiety amongst young people as a result of Covid-19 measures and a real appetite among parents to feel better supported at aiding their children’s wellbeing. In response to this we have created a Building Up programme aimed at enabling parents and teachers to help young people navigate this difficult time. Workshops have been offered in Cork, Wexford, Kilkenny and Dublin. basis.point Funding Archways 2014 / 2016 - €43,000 in Dublin for the IY programme. 2017 / 2018 - €165,000 in Dublin, Cork and Limerick for the IY and MAP programmes. 2019 / 2021 - €308,500 in Dublin Cork, Limerick, Kilkenny and Wexford 2020 - €9,600 2021 - €228,700 107 teachers within the area will be trained in proactive management skills benefiting some 2,200 children. 52 local agency facilitators will be trained to deliver the parent programme enabling conservatively 203 parents from the school catchment to avail of the parenting provision. Anecdotal positive feedback on the programmes is encouraging and the impact of these programmes on communities is far reaching. My youngest child was being assessed for a behaviour problem and since doing the course the doctors have seen a big change in her. I found from all of the weeks I attended (it) was very important for me and my child to be more aware of her feelings even though she is small you always need to praise. It does work Feedback from a parent Incredible Years® has given me many strategies for dealing with behavioural issues in the classroom. Its emphasis on positive reinforcement enables the teacher to deal effectively with behaviour transgressions. The programme reinforces good behaviour that is expected and makes for a more positive learning environment. Feedback from Teachers

Dementia is a disease that mainly affects the elderly. When we hear the term dementia, we first think of old people and so-called old age dementia. However, younger people can also be affected by this disease. Our lifestyle has a major influence on whether we develop dementia or not and, in addition to the influence of factors such as diet, exercise, consumption of luxury foods, stress or environmental factors, digital media also play an important role. When it comes to preventive care, the first years of life are crucial in addition to the behavior and habits that we have developed in adulthood. If brain development was encouraged in the early years of life, a person is less likely to develop dementia in old age. In the 21st century, adults and children, on average, spend a lot of time using digital media. Children growing up today experience the world to a relatively large extent through screens. However, several studies have shown in recent years that the use of digital media can have negative effects on brain performance and exacerbate the development of dementia. Brain Development in Children The signals that are picked up by the senses converge in the brain. In the development of children, various stages go through in which the brain changes dramatically. At the age of one to two years, the two halves of the brain increasingly connect. This improves language development and motor skills. At around four years of age, the two halves of the brain begin to communicate with each other by leaps and bounds. Intuition and analytical skills are increasingly combined and in this phase the children learn to differentiate between reality and fantasy. In this phase, the ability to empathize also increases. Now the memory works for the most part, while in the period before so-called infantile amnesia occurs - there are usually hardly any memories of the first years of life. At around six years of age, the frontal lobe matures and children attain more intellectual maturity at this stage of development. Logical and strategic thinking and arithmetic are now possible. Children can now control their affects and emotions better and better and adapt their behavior to the respective context. How children experience and understand the world When children learn new things, new connections form in the brain. An extremely large number of synapses are built up at a young age. There is an excess of nerve cells, of which only those that are actually used are retained in the long term. Unused nerve cells and connections are broken down again. At a young age, children should therefore be encouraged as much as possible and supported in their development. It is helpful when children have as diverse experiences as possible and when their brain is fed with many different sensory stimuli. In the different stages of development that children go through, they perceive their environment to be very different. In the first few years of life, babies and young children primarily feel the world with their hands and mouth. Later they find different shapes and colors interesting. When the brain is more developed, children can enjoy using their intellectual abilities, for example solving puzzles or playing more strategic games. So encourage your child's development by supporting them in each phase of their life with suitable toys and activities. Naturalich wooden toys enable children of all ages to playfully feel and get to know the world. The impact of digital media on children If children in the different stages of development spend a lot of time using digital media, the sensory stimuli they pick up are comparatively one-sided and this influences the development of the brain. In the first years of life, sensorimotor stimuli, i.e. impressions that we perceive through our sense of touch, are particularly beneficial for child development. Sensorimotor stimuli are processed more deeply and the information that we absorb in connection with sensorimotor impressions is stored longer in the brain. In order to give your child the best possible support in their development, we recommend that you let them get to know as many new impressions as possible. In addition to movement and social relationships, varied sensory-motor impressions are also important. This is only possible to a limited extent when using digital media. Playing with wooden toys enables children to absorb stronger and more varied sensorimotor impressions. Fine motor skills are trained in the different age groups with appropriate toys. Prevent dementia at a young age The best protection against dementia in adulthood is the development of the brain and the education that was built up in the first years of life. In the meantime, it has been shown in several studies that digital media have a negative effect here, and that in all age groups. In this context, one speaks of digital dementia. In order to prevent attention disorders, learning difficulties and reduced memory performance, both in the first few years and later in life, digital media should only be used to a limited extent. Children need interactions in the real world in order to learn well. When studying on the screen, children have difficulty processing the information they have received. It is therefore officially recommended that children up to around three years of age should not use any screens and that children between the ages of five and six should not use any more than one hour a day. Stimuli that are perceived via the screen leave a weaker impression on the brain and stimulate it less to develop and to establish connections. Also, check out our other articles to learn more about why wooden toys are beneficial for child development. Children's toys made of wood for different age groups can be found in our shop. Support your child's development with wooden toys and thus prevent dementia-like complaints in adolescence and adulthood and senile dementia, for example with ours Educational toys.

|Excerpts from the Valley Ventura - 9/14/1907 to 12/7/1907| The Valley Ventura was a newspaper that served northeastern Cumberland and part of western Atlantic Counties in the early years of the twentieth century. It's editor was a man with a keen interest in local history. Armed with a journalist's curiousity and with information he had gleaned from his other career as a surveyor, he produced a series of articles relating to the history of the area. They excerpts also include some local news. This does not represent a full run of the paper. The issues referenced here reside at the Vineland Historical Society. They were discovered by Mark Demitroff and subsequently transcribed(with great care to preserve the original spelling and syntax) by Gail Benson. If you have any further information about this newspaper or know the location of other issues, please contact this site. Mary C. Hutchings September 14, 1907 Historical Sketches of Landisville By the Editor - Chapter I Travellers over the N.J. Central R.R., between Vineland and Winslow Junction for long years had seen o solitary mansard roof brick building which stood opposite the place where the brakeman called out ³Landisville², and they wondered whether the infant town would ever grow. But, cradled in the forest it continued to sleep on and on, until the hum of industry reached its ear from the near-by town of Minatola, when lo! it awoke, and surprised the travelles by its phenomenal growth in the few years pst. It was awayback in the ³60s² that the little town was born, and Mrs. Chittenden and Mr. & Mrs. Ditman were the first purchases, and with indomitable courage they cleared a spot in the wilderness, and proceeded to build. Mre. Chittendon appears to have an intuitive presentiment that a town would eventually spring up as she put up the mansard roof brick building which still is stinding. This was the nucleus of the town, and afterwards became store, Post Offic, and Rail Road station, gave Landisville a place on the map. Many an acre, Mr. Marcus Fry, the pioneer surveyor, surveyed when the region was a comparative wilderness, and he knows how discouraging the outlook was. Mrss Chitienden opened the first store which was patronized mainly by Jersey famers, who found it more convenient than going to Downstown, ³Fislerville² (Clayton), or other places to do their trading. Joseph Vannaman afterward kept a store there, as did also Mrs. Ditman, whose husband was the first Post Master. Mrs. Ditman has been a resident for more than forty years, and says there's only Landisville in the world, and she is satisfied to spend her remaining days here. She has watched its infant slumbers, and was present at its awakening, and has sesn the wonderful development of the last few years, and says the people are harmonious and law-abiding, prosperous, and happy, and she feels a deal of pride and satisfaction as she notes the changes. To be csntiued. September 21, 1907 ber the old house, a reminder of ³Ye olden time², would scarcely recognize it now. Roy Lewis of Rosenhayn is Principal of the school here. Mrs. Miller of Oak is going to move to Mrs. Somers' house on Tuckahoe avenue. Mrs. Wm. H. Lore formerly of Vineland is the guest of Mrs. Israel Baker. Mr. John Morris of Bridgeton, i visiting his son James and daughter Mrs. Rosanna Baker. Miss Maud Corsiglia a popular young woman from Richland is Telegraph operator and station Agent at Buena. Lawyer Reed's handsome new suburban home will soon be completed. It is finished throughout in the most up-to-date style. But we forgot it isn't a new house, but an old-one made over, and whose who remem- (first line apparently the continuation of this one) Mrs. Lewis Brown is spending the week at Millville. Mrs. Myrtie Laka of Atlantic city is visiting her sister Mrs. Jacob hager. Chas. Wray's new house on Summer ave will soon be ready for occupancy. A daughter was born last Friday to Mr. & Mrs. Weeks. Mrs. Albert Ernest left Tuesday for a trip to Niagara Falls, taking advantage of the reduced fare, with a number of Vineland excursionists. Mrs. Jennie, & Mrs. Harry Dickson have relurned from Port Elizabeth. The Jonas Department store has been very fortunate in securing so accomplished a sales woman as Miss Emma Clark. Mrs. Elizabeth Dubler, mother of Doctor Dubler, has been ill with serious complica- for the past eleven weeks, but is somewhat improved at this writing. Mrs. Cline's valuable saddle horse died last Tuesday morning after a short illness, and there were some suspicios that it might have been poisoned. ³ATOUR AROUND the WORLD² will be given this evening under the direction of the Epworth League. Five countries wili be visited, and the Oriental customs, dress and manners will be well worth seeing. A cordial invitation is extended to all who would like to see the Orient. Mrs. C. Natillo of Phila., has been spending the summer with her father since the death of her mother, Mrs. Julia Minofia. She wishes to rent the farm before return- home. Historical Sketches of Landisville By the Editor - Chapter II Among those who have resided here the longest during recent years, the Martinelli Bros. Are probably the bet known. Andrew, who keeps a large hotel and boarding house, probably takes in more money than any one except his brother Dominick. They have lived in the vicinity upwards of twenty years. Dominick controls the largest business interests of any one in that section of South Jersey, except George Jonas of Minatola. He is an Italian by birth, and came to this country some years previous to his arrival here. After settling at Landisville, he engaged with Mr. Landis, the founper of Vineland, as agent and Interpreter, to represent his interests in the locality, and he was a very reliable and successful agent for ten our twelve years, when he started his business for himself. He has enlarged his business from time to time, until he now has, beside his Real Estate Office, a large Departmens store, a saw mill, a well-equipped machineshop, and a plumbing and steam fitting establishment. Charles F. Reidel is one of the successful residents whose enterprise is seen in the large shipments of fruit and produce, and the nice home he has built opposite the R.R. station. Mr. F. V. Dunfee formerly of Vineland is the popular Station Agent and Telegrpher, and attends to all the freight and shipping business. Mr. R. Fughell came from Italy ten years ago, but has lived at Landisville only two, in which time he has established the first shoe store in the town, and stocked it with a well-selected line of goods. Mr. Catvoli has been in America three years, and since coming to Landisville has built the first saw mili, and a large store & dwelling, and also has a blackfmith & wheel wright shop in connection with his mill. Mr. Leonel is one of the enterprising business men who has built up a good trade. He has general store, and a wheelwright & blacksmith show oppocite. He has been here five years, and is well pleased with this part of Jersey. Mr. Almero Francesca has the first meat market, also a well-filled sry,goods stote. The building is large, and is a great addition to the town. Mr. Archibald Cook of east Oak road, is an old Vinelander, and has there 31 years. He is doing a good business as a Lumber Dealer and carries a good supply of all kinds of building material. He goes back and forth daily from his home on Oak road, east of Brewster, to his lumber, yard which is on the south side of the New Jersey Cen. To be csntiued September 28, 1907 Mr. Norman McConnell of Newtonville, is SupervisingPrinciple of the schools. Mr. Phipps recently a teacher in the Phillippine is Principal of the village school. Misses Bessie & Emma Tomlin of Atlantic city, and Mrs. John C. Taylor of Cape May C.H., have the guests of Mrs. Parsons. Mr. & Mrs. Wm. Craig have moved from Atlantic city and will reside on Pacific ava. Miss Bertha Edsal of Hammonton is the Intermediate techer, and Miss Minnie Cook the Primary at the Central school Mrs. Walter Armstrong has returned to her home in Washington D.C., after a two months visit with her mother rs. Benjamin Vannaman, where she has been since the death of her father on August 24 th . Historical Sketches of Landisville By the Editor Chapter III George Sharp is among the number who have made for themselves comfortable homes surrounded by flowers and shrubbery in the outskirts of Landisville. He and his family came from Folsom six years ago and he is employed at the Glass factory. Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Brown also belong to the the industrious and thrifty class whose flower embowered cottage bespeaks the taste of the inmates. Mr. C.A. Gross who came from Bucks Co Pa., 37 yrs. Ago, has a nice home on Weymouth road north of the N.J. Central R.R. He has held several important offices beside attending to his farm. He served as town clerk four years and 3 yrs as Township Collector, and was also one of the Township Committee four years Mr. Gross has also taught school several years, and it will be seen by his recerd, that his life has been a busy one. It was soon after the Vineland Railway was built to connect with the N.J. Southern that the late Charles K. Landis conceived the idea of establishing another town similar to Vineland which ahd such a phenomenal growth during its pioneer life, and it was ³Landisville: in his honor; but it did not develop as he had hoped it might, never-the-less he had hhpes that it might some- be the commercial center of a growing population who would clear the land, and till the soil. nd such it now is, - the centre from Mr. Joseph Fair who lives about two miles west of the R.R. station between Forest Grove and Downstown, is one of the old settlers and came here from (cannot read begins with P). He brought with him the energy and force of character which always go to make a desirable citizen and a successful man. His well kept farm and nice home is a demonstration of the above facts. We intended to finish the sketches of Landisville, and follow with a chapter of Buena; but, as it would necessarily be short, will wait until next week. We are also preparing historical sketches of Downstown, Piney Hollow, or Victoria, Lake Malaga & Norma. To be csntiued October 5, 1907 Historical Sketches of Buena By the Editor - Chapter IV The following lines were suggested by the ruins of an old charcoal mill which are seen on the Tuckahoe road afew rods west of Buena station on the W. & S.R.R. It was built sometime in the early part of the 19 th after the war of 1812, when the woods were full of charcoal pits, and the smoke curled upward from hundreds of charcoal burners' huts. These cabins were of the most primitive structure imaginable, and contained only room devoid of comfort, there being no furniture except a rude bunk made of roughly hewn timder and benches and table of the same rude construction. The wants of these people were few. When their week's wages wore daid, they went to Millville, Malage, Bridgton, whichever town was nearest. They returged with a week's supply of eornmeal, whiskey, tobacco and porb. The charcoal after being crushed was taken to Philadelphia with ox teams before the advent of horses, where it found a ready market. Charcoal beds and huts were still to be seen in the woods around Vineland as late as '67, but are very scarce now. To be csntiued THE OLD CHARCOAL MILL Beside the road its ruins stand, October 12, 1907 Mr. & Mrs. Winfield Berry have moved from Bridgeton to West Avenue. Margarel & Banks, Contractors, are putting up a new dwelling corner of Lincoln avenue and Wheat road, for Mr. Savoli. Mr.Chas. Chalmers Superintendent of the State Grange attended a special session of that body rast Saturday at Newton,Sussex Co. Over 100 took the 6 th Degree, and 68 took the Pomona Degree. John Campbell & family of Oak roao ate ripe strawberries last Tuesday, and if their plants do as well as some which he had three years ago they will be picking and eating untll Thanksgiving Day. That year his last shipment was made on Movember 4 th , and on Thanksgiving Day Mrs Campbell took quarts to Phila., and they had been having all the month. the last berry was picked on Christmas; it was ripe, but was encased in ice. R.W. CHEW'S RESTAURANT CENTRAL AVENUE, MINATOLA, N. J. You can get OYSTERS in every style, Pie & Milk, Tobacco, Cigars & Soft Drinks, SOUVENIR Post Cards. This is headquarters for them. Passengers on the New Jersey Central train from New York last Wednesday evening, had an experience the will not forget. Visions of hot suppers and a warm welcome at home danced through their brains as they approached Cedar Lake. But those hot suppers vanished when the road bloked by a coal car which lay across both tracks and no telegraph office within six miles!! The only alternative for the passenger train was to back seven miles to Winslow Junction. dragging the freight cars which had been left oa the main track while the coalcarwas being shifted, and wire to Lakchurst, 38 miles away, for the wrecker, and then wait for it to pass. In the mean time the rear coach of the passenger train had been transformed into a dining & sleeping car, and while a few of the belated travelers slept, most of them chatted and laughed and found the situa-amusing as well as vexing. But it was not until they had waited on the switch at Cedar Lake for three long freight trains to pass northward, and had again gotten under ³headway² that they really believed they would get home before morning. Mrs. L. H. Miller, Mrs. W. P. Lyzo,t and the writer were the three Vineland women enjoyed(?) the free ride to Cedar Lake and (note: column ends abruptly and does not appear to continue elsewhere in the issue) Historical Sketches of Buena - By the Editor Chapter V (note that Oct 19 column is also labeled Chapter V) Much relating to the pioneer life of the early settlers was lost, when they died, and all that remains is that which has been handed down through several generations. This is unfortunate not only for the people of today, but for future generations as well. Not even a moss-grown tombstone marks the last resting place of some of them, and it is reported that one of these old burial grounds was sold years ago, and plowed up They lived and toiled amid great privations and discouragements, clearing the land which in those days was heavily timbered, building their log cabins and tilling the soil. Those who have inherited these lends can have no idea of the privations and inconvenience experienced by thos pioneers when southern Ndw Jersey was a ³howlin' wilderness.² Their corn was sometimes toted on their backs to Cumberland or Bridgeton to before the mill was built at Malaga, and those jonrneys were not unfraught with daugers from wild beasts. Bears, wolves, panthers, & wild cats were found in the woods, and often made the nights hideous with their cries. Fortunately for those pioneers, deer and other wild game were plentiful, while turkeys, geese, pidgeons & pheasants could be killed at any time. Wild fruits & nuts grew everywhere, and were a God-send to these people. Among the prominent names of first laudholders, were the Campbells, Cakes, Bakers, Vananmans and Morrises. Theold house built by Mr. Archibald Campbell more than 100 years ago, is still standing on the Tuckahoe road about half a mile southeast of Buena station. The tiny window panes, 4x6 inches, and the heavy doors, with hinges two feet in length are still thers to prove its antiquity, and Benjamin Campbell the present owner and occupant says he means to keep them as long as he can. He is one of ten children born to Mr & Mrs. Archibald Campbell, during the first half of the last century, and four grandchildren and a great-grand daughter also born uuder the same roof, make four generations wnic have been sheltered there, and called it home some of whom nave passed out to make for themselves homcs elsewhere. The great grand child was a daughter born to Mr. & Mrs. Gardur Campbell of Medford. The old well dug a century ago, is still there, where the four generations with mana a thirsty travller have quenched their hirst, while they rested under the shade of the giant trees. Mr Campbelt keeps a house of entertain-foi hunters who come from all parts of the state during the season. To be continued The poem THE OLD CHARCOAL MILL which was in the October 5 issue and copied above appeared in this issue as well below Chapter V. October 19, 1907 Historical Sketches of Buena By the Editor - Chapter V The oldest of the original settlers of Buena now living is Mr. John Morris who resides in Bridgeton. He will be 89 on the 14 th of next November, and is in the enjoyment of good health. His mind is clear, and his faculties unimpaired, which is remarkabl for one of so advanced an age. He livdd at Buena upwards of 65 years, long before Vineland was started, or thought when the tract lying between Malaga and May's Landing & Bridgeton was a wilderness, broken here and there by an old Jersey farm. A few of the old houses still remain, but some have been torn down, and others have been modernized. The nearest Post Office was Millville, eleven miles distant Mr. & Mrs. Morris raised a large family, and be has lived to se them well-settled in life. Mr. Morris in contrasting the early scenes with which he was familiar, with those of today, notes with pleasure the changes which have taken place throughou, the surrounding country. Factory whistles, hum of machinery, blasts of the locomotive are heard instead of the scream of the panther, hoot of the owl, and howl of the wolf. The oldest land-mark of which Buena can boast is the hotel corner of Tuckahoe and Wheat, or Maule's Bridge road, as it was formerly called. This hotel was built in 1779 by Mr. John Campbell, Great-great-grand-father of Mrs. U. A.Creamer of Vineland. It will be seen that the old hotel is nearly as old as the Declaration of Independence. It was called ³Campbell's Tavern² until after the Mesican War, when it was givena he Spanish name, Buena Vista by Mr. Geo.B. Cake Sr., who purchased it of Mr. John Madden in 1848, who had owned it since 1832. The town has been known by that euphonious title since, until recently ³Vista² was dropped because there is another town by that name in the state. It was for many years the Relay house for the stage lines on Maule's Bridge and Tuckahoe roads, where the horses were exchanged for fresh ones. If the o'd hotel could speak, it might tell strange tales of what it has seen and heard around the blazing hearth in the bar-room, and dining room where the guests used to sit and tell of the adventures of their Gran-thers with the Indians, and in the Revolutionary War, and the war of 1812. 21 years of the 18 th century, 100 of the 19 th , and seven of the 20 th , have left their whirling record behind, and still the old relic of a hundrod years keeps its vigils as it did in the Long ago. But a different element now crosses the threshold. It is no longer the way-traveller of the stage coach, going back and forth from Philadelphia, unless they are traveling in an automobile, because the electric & steam cars ca-ry the on-rushidg people. Mr Joseph Guiffra is the present owner. A few years ago a large old-time dwelling stood on the opposite corner from the old hotel. This was known as the home of Mr. & Mrs. Ferrill, and family, wholeft there about 30 years ago. Their daughter Annie became the wife of Mr. U. A. Creamer, and although the old place i. Endeared by a thousand fond ties, yet her social and religious interests are identified with Vineland. Lawyer Reed, who came to Buena twenty years ago from Philadelphia, is the present owner of the Ferrell home, and has had it re-modelled so that it bears little resemblance to the old home of the Ferrelrs. Mr. Ferrell was one of the best and most infludntial os Buena's residents. Lawyer Reed came in quest of health, and found it in a short time; but the great seasids resorts were not booming then, and Lakewood was unknown. He is a native of Dover, Del., where he practiced law 20 years previous to going to Phila., where he remained three years. Mr. Reed was a member of the Legislature in Delaware in 1867, and ran on the Douglas ticket in 1860. He has Chosen Free Holder nineteen years, and on the ticket again. But he is also a successful farmer. He bo't a farm on the Tucahoe road north west of the town when he first came to Buena, where he and his family resided until the daughter and two Sons were married and went to homes of sheir own. Mrs. Reed who is fond of society, has found country-life very lonely. Lawyer Reed af Atlantic city, who is President of the Board Walk National Bank, is Mr. & Mrs. Reed's younger son. Their elder son is in business in Philadelphia. To be csntiued October 26, 1907 should have had Chapter VI, but it does not appear. Picks up with chapter VII on November 2 Please note that the column on October 19 is a full column and perhaps was intended to be two chapters and cover two weeks. November 2, 1907 Historical Sketches of Buena By the Editor Chapter VII Frank, son of ³Uncle Archie² Campbell was not satisfied to settle down in Jersey's most of his ancestors had done, consequent, he broke away from the old scenes, and associations, and went to Virginia more than forty years ago. Two of his daughters, Mrs. Irrick and Mr. Hornsby with their husbands and families, came to Bueac about 18 years go, where they have since lived. Mr. Irrick and Mr. Hornsby bought adjoining farms on Wheat road, near Buena station, which they keep in a good state of cultivation. The former was with Dr. Cook the state Geologist, and Dr.Bowser when they made the geological survey. Heis well informed as to the altitude of New Jersey and it is very interesting to hear him explain how they find the altitude of any point, and the accuracy with which the scientific survey was mabe. Simeon S. Brown who lives on the north side of Wheat road opposite the abov, was born at Dorchester, this state, but came to Buena in childhood. He is employed asadriver by the Geo. Jonas Co. His wife is a daughter of the lase Phillip and Mrs. Rosanna Baker, life-long residents of Buena. The Baker homestead is on Tuckahoe road, west of the station, where Baker and son Phillip Jr. reside. She is a daughter of Mr. John Morris, the oldest survivor of Buena's old-time residents, a sketch of whose life has already been published. Mr. & Mrs. CharlesWray whose lovely uburban home is near the Buena cross road are among the best known and most influential of the later residents. They have always been hospitabre, and public spirited, and their nome is the center of attraction for for old and young who enjoy the social gatherings, and Church festivities. Mr. Wray is a pillar in the church and has held various offices of trust outside. To him was assigned the pleasant task of writing the history of the church the famous old ³Friendship church,² of which we read so frequently. And he has done it well. He presented us with a copy and we found it very interesting and well-written, and shows evidence of much research. Mr. Wray kindly gave us permission to glean any information we might desire for publication. Appreciateing his kindness, we gladly availed ourself of the oppo.tunity, we shall next wcek give a sketch of the old church. John Newman, who lives on Tuckahoe road opposite Mrs. Rosanna Baker, formerly tived in Vineland. It was during the early years, when the town was new, when only two Grocery stores flourished here, aud there was no Baker House, but the ³Cumberland Hotel² stood where the former now stands. His wife is a daughter of Mrs. Baker. To be continued November 2, 1907 Historical Sketches of Buena By the Editor Chapter VIII Ninety nine years is to most people more than a life-time, and today as we take up the histor of the old ³Friendship² church which covers that period, we note the vast changes which have taken place everywhere. Kingdoms have arisen and passed away; Empires have crumbled; Republios have been born; the greatest scientific discoveries the world has ever know have been made, and the advancement in knowledge and inventions are such as no one had ever dreamed of, and are startling in their magnitude and importance. Many changes have taken place around the old church since it was built in 1808. The deed, which is the only authentic record of the church to be had.is dated May 8 th 1808and was recorded in the Gloucester county clerk's office on November 4 th of that year. This deed was given by William & Hope Hollinshead, and is supposed to have been a gift to the church the grantors, as only the nominal price of $1.00 is usmed. The first Trustees were John Smith, Joel Stewart, William Ackley, John Veal, John Veal, John Smith, Jr., George Smith and Thomas Champion. The following namesof later trustees are also foun l on th back of the deed: Elected July 29 th . 1824. John Veal, Wm. Ackley, Aquilla Downs, Nathan Girard and Henry Veal; elected June 26 th 1860, Chartes Dowus secretary, Gco. Down, Wesley Vannaman, Ambrose Pancoast and Archibald Campbell. The last election written on the old deed was June 4 th 1866, viz; Osborn Downs, Pres.: John Walker Dewns sec.; Geo. Downs, Treas. The first ³Circutt Pre chers² wereRevs Benjamin Iliff & Daniel Higby who were the faithful ministers in 1803,when this regeon was an almost unbroken wilderness; when the this grand Republic was in its infancy, and ndt the mistress of the world as she is today; when the Methodist church was only 24 years old, having been organized in 1784,and had comparatively few adherents, and had not grown to such magniiceut proportions. It has long been a source of wonder why this church was built in so isolated a place instead of near a settlement, but it is probable that the location was not of their choosing, but being a gift was received with grataful hearts and being central was easy of access to the sparsely settled districts. The farm on Weymouth road near the N.J.C.R.R., was uon all accounts, the clearing nearest to the church, and it was in this house which was standing on that farm when the church was built, that the meetings were first held. This old dwelling was burned in September 1855. It is a matter for much regret that so many of the old landmarks, around which there clusters so much of historic value, could not have been preserved. In 1808, May's Landing and Millville, the nearest towns, were only small villages, and Bridgeton was not much larger. To be continued November 16, 1907 Historical Sketches of Downstown By the Editor - Chapter IX One of the most striking and pleasing features of the old towns is the grand old trees one sees everywhere. Each town visited has more or less of them. They stand by the roadsides, in groups on the lawn, or or in groves at the rear their giant . measuring from nine to eighteen feet in circumference, while their giant limbs reach out in every direction, and afford a grateful shade in summer. You can always know when yoy are approaching an old town by the large trees. They give the town an air of antiquity, and much to the picturesque beauty. Salem, Bridgeton, Greenwich and all the old Jersey towns, whether in north, south, or central New Jersey, are noted for their old trees, and when one looks at them, they point to the past to Revolutionary times. Aquilla Down was the first settler in the quaint little hamlet which was named for him. He baught 3000 acres in the heart of the forest, remote from any settlement, and built the first house and barn, the latter of which is still standing on the road which goes to Forest Grove, about half a mile east of where the school house now stands. They were built of hewn timber, in the most durable manner. The house w s replaced with a larger and more pretentious one some time during the last century. It must have real of courage on the part of Aquilla Down and his good wife to set- in such a wilderness, but they came of good old stock, and were not easily daunted. But it would riy the courage of some of Grandmother Downs great-grand daughters if they were living in the woods two miles from any house, and had to spin wool or flax as she did while she rocked the cradle with one oot, and listened to the wolves howling not far away. It would also try them if they saw a bear come out of the woods, seize a sheep and get away with it. Mr. Down gave each of his children a farm so that the large estate was in the family for many years. Mr. Puglio, a successful Italian farmer now owns the original homestead. It seems a pity that it could not have been retained in the family instead of pesing to strangers. To be continued November 23, 1907 no heading, but appears to be a continuation ends in mid-sentence with no indication of a continuance. What is there reads as follows: Mr. & Mrs. Aquilla Downs had five sons and two daughters, viz., Osborn, Charles, John, George, and Jesse, Aunr Sarah Berry & Aunt Keziah Kandle. Their descendants are widely scattered, through the far west, and throug nearby states while a great mano are found in this locality. Only two now reside at Downstown, William Comer and Charles D. Pancoast, both of whom are geat grand sons of Aquilla Downs. Mr. Comer resides at the intersection of Brewster, Forest Grove and Williamstown roads' He has always been anxious that the town might develop, and has been identified with the administration of township affairs in various ways. He is extensively engaged in crnnberry culture. Charles D. Pancoast is proprietor of the old Downstown saw mill which, although it stands in the heart of the town, has not seen the light of three centuries as some of the old houses have. It was built in 1862, when this country was in the throes of the Civil War. Before tha, time lumber for the resieents of this locality and for miles in all directions, were obliged to go to Pancoast's mill several miles east of Buena. This mill was built more than a hundred years ago, by Champion Campbell, a relative of Uncle November 30, 1907 Historical Sketches of Downstown By the Editor Chap. XI Through some mistake the blame for which has not been located, there was a terrible mix-up in last weeks historical sketches. The heading was entirely left out, chapter and all, the ending was abrupt, and a most interesting part missing. As it closed with the middle of a sentence, this chapter commences wheret the other left off. Archie Campbell, a sketch of whose life was published several weeks ago, but the mill which we wish to consider is the Downstown mill mentioned in the foregoing chapter. This old mill has been running continuously since 1862, except when shut down for slight repairs. The engine is one of the old Marine engines built by Merrick & Sons Phila., in 1850. It had been thrown away for old iron when Mr. Pancoast's father, who had gone to Phila., to purchase an engine, discovered, brought it home, and it was setup and has always given satisfaction. Mr. Pancoast is very proud of its record. The smokestack of this mill is 55 feet high, aud contains 50,000 brick,and 100 perch of stone. The steam whistle can be heard for miles. It was impossible to trace all the descendents of Aquilla Downs without going a deal of expense, which would not pay, consequently, weceu meetion only a few. Charles, the second son has numerous descendents in this locality, and among them maybe mentioned the family of his daughter Sarah, wife of J.A. Ross. Their home is on the Tuckahoe road, or what is known ou the east side of Tuckahoe road, and on the west side as Malaga road. This place is now owned by Mr. A. Ahquist who has lived there ten years. The house is a very ancient one and bears the unmistakable marks of age being built of hewn timber, and put together with large wooden pegs. A ³Raising² in those days was a great affair. The men of the neighborhood were invited, and when one side of the frame was ready, they all began to lift, while the foreman shouted, ³He-oh he, he oh he, he-oh heave er up² and then how quickly it went up! Mr Ross' family consisted of four daughters and three sons, as follows: Mrs. Whitaker, of Merchantville; Charles D. Ross, Malaga; Mrs. Lewis Pierson, Mrs Phillip Unsworth, Mrs. Thomas Bowman, & William D. Ross of Vineland. A half-brother is living elsewhere. The family is influetiyl one, and much respected. To be continued December 7, 1907 Historical Sketches of Downstown By the Editor Chap XII It should have been stated in a previous chapter, that the Downstown steam mill was the first one located anywhere in the vicinity, and was a great curlosity to the pecple who had never seen one run in any other way than by water, with a mill dam and a ponderous wheel. Bul it was a great convenience, and the lumber could be sawed to much beteer advantago as it did not have to be hauled so far. Jesse, & Cathrine Downs had seven sons, and six daughters, all of whom lived to a good old age except one who died at three years of age. Mrs. Priscilla Chew of Minorola, is one of them. She was born at Downtown, and lived there until a few years ago, but memory clings to the old home around which cluster so many tender reminiscences. Mrs' Chew is a very interesting woman and always gives her friends a warm weleome at her cozy home on Pacis'c avenue, where she spends most of her time. Her only son Dr. Elisha Chew lives in Atlantic city and has a luerative practice. He looks after his mother with the greatest devotion. Ends with . To be continued (this is the last issue in the volume) Copyright 2002-2013 West Jersey History Project

Tomorowland takes place over two weekends in Boom, Belgium this July. The premiere electronic music festival revealed it’s line up over five videos in line with their resurrection of the 2012 theme Book of Wisdom. Seasoned veterans like David Guetta, who has played at every Tomorrowland to date, will be returning. Other headliners like Above & Beyond, Afrojack, Armin van Buuren, The Chainsmokers, Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, Fisher, Martin Garrix, and NGHTMRE & SLANDER (Present Gud Vibrations) were announced in addition to many more. Continuing their trend of adding more hip-hop and rap, the line up also included Young Thung and A$AP Rocky. The first five announcements can be seen below: Above & Beyond | Adam Beyer | Armin Van Buuren | A$Ap Rocky Boris Brejcha | Carl Cox | The Chainsmokers | Charlotte De Witte |Fisher | Helena Hauff | Infected Mushroom – Retro Live Show |Joris Voorn | John O’Callaghan & Bryan Kearney Present Key 4050| Nghtmre B2B Slander Present Gud Vibrations| Paul Van Dyk” Aly & Fila | Armand van Helden | Camelphat | Claptone Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike | Flux Pavilion | Lost Frequencies | Martin Garrix|Nervo | Oscar and the Wolf | Radical Redemption | Robin Schulz Solomun | SJRM | Tale of Us Afrojack | Ben Nicky | Cosmic Gate | Da Tweekaz | Dax J | DJ Diesel DJ Snake | Don Diablo | Ferry Corsten | Oliver Heldens | Pan-Pot Roger Sanchez | Salvatore Ganacci | Timmy Trumpet | Yves V Alison Wonderland | Eric Prydz | Fjaak | Maceo Plex | Martin Solveig Mike Williams | Nina Kraviz | Stephan Bodzin | Steve Aoki Sven Vath | W&W | Young Thug Yves Deruyter | Zatox | Zeds Dead A-Trak | Alesso | Amelie Lens| Astrix | Bedoun | Black Coffee | David Guetta | J Balvin | Loco Dice | Loud Luxury| Mark With Ak | Netsky | Purple Disco Machine | Richie Hawtin | Solardo | Tchami & Malaa | Vini Vici The Worldwide Ticket Sale for Tomorrowland 2019 starts tomorrow at 17h00 CET. Make sure that you already have an account and buy tickets here.

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Supporting young people to develop moral courage can begin with giving them opportunities to be helpful toward others and to interact with people who are different from themselves. Use this video to spark a discussion about how educators can help develop moral courage in their students. The danger of silence By: Clint Smith, TED Should you be civil to a racist? Yes, but you should still call them out. By: Robert Danisch, Wiliam Keith Teaching equity vs equality in K-2 classrooms By: Teachers Network By: ASU, Liz Lerman The roots of moral courage By: Greater Good Science Center, Kristen Renwick Monroe

Read 1 Corinthians 12:26 It was a Wednesday evening in January as I entered a youth room as a new youth leader at the church I visited regularly in my teens and young adult years. There I met her, the woman who would become my pillar; her name, Mayelis (Magie) Keogh (Cisneros). Church’s aren’t meant to be created as simply a building for people to come and go so you can check it off your list or a place to tithe because the Bible says so. Church is not a building but a body and in our culture, we often forget that God is relational. A body meant for connection and iron sharpening iron. A body meant to work together to achieve the end goal to be more like Jesus so that we can make disciples who make disciples who proclaim the name of Jesus. Yet, here we are, fallen beings and without each other, how are we sharpened? Magie was the pillar, the iron the Lord used to sharpen me. He used her character, her faith, her story with Him to minister, challenge, encourage me to become the best that God created for me. Without Magie and how the Lord used her specifically, I would not be who I am today. Something Pastor Nick stated in a sermon recently was the fact that in any recovery program, the people, the sponsors aren’t meant to just come and go to a meeting, but they jump into the trenches with the newly sober in order to build them up, to support them and walk life with them. This is essentially the point that Paul is trying to make in 1 Corinthians. He is stating the value of one another in another’s life. I love this value of our church because it is a value that Magie taught me early on in my walk with the Lord. She was there. She stood by me as I repented, as I healed, as I grew and she pushed me into a biblical world view that I couldn’t see before and I will be forever grateful for the lives and women the Lord has placed in my life since her. Life, truly is, better together! Do you have a pillar? Is there someone in your life that lives life with you and builds you up, points you back to Jesus? Someone who sharpens you? Are you connected within our church, serving or involved in a Grace Group? What is your next step when it comes to connection? Do you believe this is God’s best for you? Questions to consider: - Do you have a “pillar” in your life? If you don’t who comes to mind that you could reach out to? - Do you believe that God is relational? What does that characteristic of His mean to you?

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Claire Still (Thompson) Claire attended her first Ballet class at 3 years old, and her love for dance grew from there. At 6, she began attending classes in Ballroom and Latin, Street & Disco Freestyle, Rock 'n' Roll and Classical Sequence; all of which fall under the umbrella term of 'Dance Sport'. Between the ages of 6 and 16 Claire entered ISTD (Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing) examinations and competitions in all 5 Dance Sport genres. She set an aim with her dance teacher to achieve Gold Star standard before she was 12 years old (Juvenile) in all 5 genres, which she achieved. She then went on to complete her examinations to Gold Star level in the Junior age category in both her own role; and in a partnering role in preparation for professional work. Her achievements include winning 6 National Championship Competitions; and 3 National Championship titles - Ballroom, Latin, Sequence in the same year! Having always strived for a career in dance teaching, to share her passion with others, Claire turned professional at 16, taking her first qualification. From there she worked hard to complete her qualifications in 5 genres to Licentiate level, which allowed her to adjudicate at competitions and lecture on behalf of the ISTD. She has attained between 96% - 99% in all of her professional examinations, in both the practical and theory sections. Claire was also the first Dance Sport professional to complete the FDI and CDE examinations, for which she was used as a mock candidate to help train the examiners at ISTD headquarters. In 2008 Claire was awarded the Phyllis Haylor scholarship by the ISTD - an award given to the most promising young professional. Just a year later she received the 'Coach of the Year' Award from the West Suffolk Sports Partnership, having been nominated by a number of individuals. Claire presented her first lecture on behalf of the ISTD in 2009, and has lectured many many times to date, at annual congresses for all faculties; as well as assisting other lecturers. Recently on behalf of the ISTD's brand new Springboard event at Urdang Academy, London; along side other lecturers such as ITV's Britain's Got Talent Dance group 'Flawless' and members of the Royal Ballet School. Claire now sits on the Modern Ballroom Faculty Committee for the ISTD, helping to shape the future of Ballroom Dance. Building her school... In 2003 at just 15, Claire opened up her first set of classes alongside her teacher. After gaining experience and leaving school Claire ran these alone working hard to build and expand the timetable; and those classes have been successfully running in the Newmarket area ever since. As well as running the Newmarket classes Claire worked to develop more teaching work, and achieved an opening in a local primary school in Cambridgeshire - Foxton Primary. It started by running a before school club which this really took off, and she was soon approached by other local schools to run the same. Claire went on to teach during curriculum time in addition to the before and after school clubs, offering dance opportunities to all children. Twelve years on, and the strand of the Studio 'Funky Feet' , as it has been renamed, has and continues to work in many primary and middle schools across Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire and Suffolk. After 7 years hard work, the most exciting venture, Claire achieved one of her dreams - she purchased the premises that is now The Studio - CT. After lots of planning, working and decorating, it was opened in October 2010, offering students the beautiful purpose built dance studio for their training. Five years on and The Studio has gone from strength to strength, adding many classes, and teachers, to its timetable both at the premises and at outside venues. Pupils of The Studio - CT have been lucky including guest teaching and performances from the professionals of BBC's Strictly Come Dancing, the World Latin American Champions, and Masterclasses from West End cast members.

I thought I wouldn't get to go to college. It's not that I didn't think I'd get in—it's that the price was so far out of my range. It crippled me with doubt and sadness. Many of my friends' parents were covering their education in full, but mine couldn't. I had a near-perfect GPA, but there were at least 30 almost-4.0s at my school. I went to the guidance office every week of my senior year to check for new scholarships or grants, but in the end, I knew where I'd end up: buried in student loan paperwork—and eventual debt—like so many other American college grads. I ended up getting about 80 percent of my ride at Emerson College covered through a combination of scholarships, grants, and public and private loans. The remainder I paid for myself with some help from my mom. Four years later, I graduated with a degree in media production—and $23,000 of debt. To me that was a serious sum, but the truth is, this was about the average for students at the time. I know people who left school with much heavier weights on their shoulders. The average cost of a four-year public education in this country is more than $28,000 per year. A private institution will set you back nearly 60 grand annually. That number is estimated to be in the six figures by the 2020s. Seventy-five million millennials came of age as the economy was in or recovering from one of the worst recessions in U.S. history. Their incomes are 20 percent lower than what baby boomers earned at the same age. Many young people were overqualified for the low-paying jobs they were offered, but took them anyway to stay afloat and gain experience, which is not only harmful in the immediate, but can lead to huge financial losses over a lifetime. According to the Guardian, 20somethings are poorer than those in retirement age, with university bills to blame: "In the U.S., debt is the millennial millstone—young people are sitting on $1.3 trillion of student debt." Making matters worse, Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos decided last month to strip away Obama-era protections for student loan borrowers. And in March, the Trump administration announced it would increase fees and penalties for students who default. With the deck stacked the way it is, it's no wonder over a million borrowers defaulted on their student loans last year. I was terrified of becoming one of them. So I set a plan for myself: pay off all my debt within five years of graduating. That meant I needed to put up $4,600 a year or roughly $383 a month. I moved back home, as many of my contemporaries did, and worked as a substitute teacher while looking for something in my field. Being a sub in New Hampshire did not pay much—$70 a day, maybe less, if a slot was open. But I saved everything I could so that I could start paying down my loans before the interest-free grace period ended. Not having living expenses helped, as did not having a car (a challenge in New Hampshire). I pitched in with household expenses when I could, and stashed the rest away. I also wrote for a few websites (for free, unfortunately) to build up my portfolio. In some ways, this penny pinching proved to be a massive benefit when disaster eventually struck. But in others it was kind of miserable—I regret skipping out on small joys and experiences. I was very strict with myself: I'd only buy clothing on sale. My boyfriend and I never went on a vacation. I beat myself up if I went out for a nice birthday dinner, or did anything fun. I didn't even have Netflix, because I was salvaging every buck I could. I checked DVDs out from the library instead. Just before the end of 2009, I finally got a full-time gig as an audio production assistant and moved in with my sister near Boston. I was basically a contractor, so I didn't get vacation or sick days, but I did get great health insurance. Working 40 hours a week left me with about $900 a month to pay for food, utilities, and loans, after rent, taxes, and insurance. Interest was taking a chunk out of my repayments, though. I realized I needed to be more strategic. Some loans may start out with more accrued interest (if the lender started charging interest when you received the money, rather than offering a grace period) and look more menacing, but others could have a higher interest rate and grow into a monster over time. Most of my government loans had an interest rate around six percent. I did all the research I could and found out that my estimated interest over time if I paid only the minimum amount each month would be just shy of $5,700 on $17,000 in government loans—that means I would be paying back almost 30 percent more than what I originally borrowed. It's no wonder over one million borrowers defaulted on their student loans last year. For a while I could only afford the minimum payment. Then, in February 2011, I decided to increase my usual $50 minimum payment on my private loan and pay back $1,300 instead. I did the same in March. By May of 2011, I was notified that my private loan of $6,000 was paid in full. There is almost nothing in the world more satisfying than that. Except, of course, having no debt at all. So I turned my attention to my government loans. In August, I made a payment of $400—about twice my minimum payment. That little dent helped, but not enough. Between April and May of 2012, I bit the bullet and paid off almost $4,000 of my loan. I had recently switched to an exciting new role at a music and gaming studio. I had good insurance. Things were on the up and up. Or so I thought. Just a month later, I was laid off with one month's severance. I panicked. Why did I spend so much of my savings on my loan, instead of just making the minimum payment? I didn't know when I'd get another job. I filed for unemployment immediately. But when I received my last severance check plus my unused vacation and sick pay, I ended up putting it toward my loan—another $2,000. I was so worried about things getting worse that I wanted to eliminate as much of my loan payments while I could. Foolish? Perhaps, but I was desperate. Within a month, my first employer hired me back as a freelancer and I was able to stay afloat. It wasn't easy. My cash flow depended on workflow, which sent my stress levels through the roof. I was tired and unhappy. I felt like I'd made financial mistakes and didn't see any good news on the horizon. Even with the work experience I had, I'd go on job interviews where I'd find the pay was just $10 an hour. At one point, paralyzing abdominal pain landed me in the hospital. Of course, that meant more bills. I'd go through spurts of great freelance work, while other weeks would produce a nail-biting sum of only a few hundred dollars. I only spent money on rent, utilities, and the absolute minimum payment on loans, which had been reduced to $20 a month thanks to the substantial payments I'd made during the summer. I wished I'd been more calculated, instead of feeling such an intense desire to get rid of my loans ASAP. I freaked out a bit. I applied to a job I didn't really want, at an office too far away, accepting a position I hadn't even interviewed for. I had a two-hour trek each way on public transit. I was miserable. Focusing only on finances prevented me from enjoying life. I was, however, making a decent amount of money. And with no spare time to spend it in, I stashed it all away. In March of 2013, I was able to put another chunk of money toward my loan. This left my remaining balance hovering at around only $2,000. Then, a few short weeks later, I was laid off again. It would be more than six months before I found full-time employment. I skirted by on the minimum payment until June of 2014, when I shoved everything I had at was left of the government loans—around $1,750. It was like driving a stake into a bloodsucking vampire. Those five years taught me that I can be financially strategic when I need to. But I've also learned that focusing only on finances prevented me from enjoying life. I put off a lot of things I wanted to do because I decided that paying off my loans was more important. Would I be okay now if I had paid the bare minimum, and gone on a weekend trip, bought something that wasn't on sale, or put my health above my finances? Probably. I think my generation has become accustomed to feeling hopeless about money. I can't help but measure the price of large investments in years-at-college currency. The average American wedding is the equivalent of one year in college, FYI—and I just got engaged, so here we go again. The 15 Best Comedy Movies on Hulu For when you just need a good laugh. By Megan DiTrolio The Spring 2022 Handbag Trends to Get Excited About The humble bucket bag is back. By Sara Holzman The Hottest New Beauty Trend Is Ice Cold These ingenious cryotherapy-inspired finds are worth bearing the chill. By Rachel Jacoby Zoldan This Mutual Fund Firm Is Helping to Create a More Sustainable Future Amy Domini and her firm, Domini Impact Investments LLC, are inspiring a greater and greener world—one investor at a time. Power Players Build on Success "The New Normal" left some brands stronger than ever. We asked then what lies ahead. By Maria Ricapito Don't Stress! You Can Get in Good Shape Money-wise Yes, maybe you eat paleo and have mastered crow pose, but do you practice financial wellness? By Sallie Krawcheck The Book Club Revolution Lots of women are voracious readers. Other women are capitalizing on that. By Lily Herman The Future of Women and Work The pandemic has completely upended how we do our jobs. 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Carpinteria tennis drops close match to defending CIF champs The Carpinteria boys tennis team has had a strong year, led by Coach Charles Bryant and brothers Austin and Max Stone, but after losing a tight match against defending CIF champions Foothill Tech, the Warriors’ 2022 campaign has come to an end. The elder Stone brother, star senior Austin, closed out his storied career with yet another 3-0 performance in singles play. In his four years as a Warrior, Austin has made a habit of sweeping his singles sets. “We will lose the strongest player I have had here at Carpinteria High School in the past eleven years in Austin Stone,” said Coach Bryant. “It was almost a done deal to get three wins right off the bat. That will be hard to replace that efficiency.” His younger brother Max defeated Foothill Tech’s second-best singles player 2-1. Doubles duo Connor Gralewski and Matthew Endow swept their sets 3-0, but three close losses in doubles play proved too much for the Warriors to overcome and Foothill Tech advanced with a 10-8 win. “It is hard when you play close enough to win but just cannot get that last little bump to put you in the win column,” Bryant said. He added that the season was “tremendously successful” with some big non-league wins and a Citrus Coast League championship. He also reminisced on the careers of the team’s three other seniors, Ben Persoon, Zaiden Juarez and Ian Thomas. Persoon and Juarez have been starters for three years, he said, and they have improved vastly each season. “Our two year captain, Ian Thomas, did an amazing job leading this team which was not easy at times,” Bryan said. “But his cool demeanor and competitiveness rubbed off on his teammates and took them to the next level. These four seniors will be greatly missed and I know our younger players are grateful for the impact that was made by them.” Carpinteria finishes the season 14-6 overall and 8-1 in the Citrus Coast League. Three Warriors finish strong in CIF Prelims Carpinteria hosted the CIF Track and Field Prelims, where senior Mateo Handall secured a trip to the CIF Finals with a new personal record of 51.02 seconds in the 400 meters. Handall’s time was good enough for second in his heat, and eighth overall, making him the only Warrior to qualify for the finals. Junior Ainslee Alexander was Carpinteria’s next best finisher, and she capped off an impressive season by finishing 11th in the triple jump and earning a spot as the second alternate for the finals with a jump of 32’11.5’’. She is also the second alternate for pole vault in the finals with a clearance of 8’6’’. Carpinteria’s Ben Smith earned a spot as the second alternate in the boys’ pole vault final, with a new personal record of 10’. The Finals will be held May 14 at Moorpark High School. Carp swimmers take on higher division at CIF After the Warriors boys took home the Division 4 CIF title last year, both the boys and girls teams were moved up to compete in Division 3 this postseason. The program has continued to improve this year, and Carpinteria was able to send a team of 11 swimmers to the CIF Finals at Marguerite Aquatic Center in Mission Viejo. Erin Otsuki qualified for the finals, taking seventh place in the 50-meter freestyle and 100-meter backstroke. The Warriors set five new school records on the day, with Mathew Lamberti setting a new best in the 100-meter freestyle and both the boys and girls relay teams setting two new school records each. Erin Otsuki joined Piper Clayton, Lilli Nemetz and Guilia Piccoletti for the 4x100 and 200 medley relays, with the girls qualifying for the finals and setting school records in both races. The boys relay team of Lamberti, Asher Smith, Justin Main and Jackson Melton repeated the same feat as the girls in the 4x100 and 200 medley relay, breaking the previous school record and qualifying in the 100-meter relay final. The eight qualifying members of the team returned on Saturday for the finals, ending their seasons on a high note, with the girls finishing 10th out of 48 schools and the boys finishing 18th overall. Coach Jon Otsuki praised the team for competing at a higher level against bigger schools. “Although it was a humbling experience as many were unable to qualify for finals in Thursday’s preliminaries, they responded exceptionally well at finals. “ Otsuki’s daughter, Erin, continued to impress in her first year of organized swimming competition by earning eighth place in both the 50-meter freestyle and 100-meter backstroke. “This was her first ever ‘big’,meet in her young swimming career,” Coach Otsuki said. “To finish in the top eight is an exceptional feat.” Senior Piper Clayton finished 16th in the 200-meter freestyle, and teamed up with the rest of the girls relay team to finish eighth in the 200 medley relay, and sixth in the 4x100 – breaking the school record in each race. The boys relay matched that with new school records in both the 200 medley and 4x100 relays. “This was a great experience for everyone who was on the CIF travel team,” Coach Jon Otsuki said. “There was the reality check that moving up a division is a big challenge and getting to the podium will not come easily. There were friendships and memories that will be cherished for a lifetime. We had a great many successes in Carpinteria aquatics this year and we look forward to many more to come.” Cate boys tennis ends season in close match Cate’s winning season came to a dramatic end in the first round of the CIF playoffs, with the visiting Burroughs Bears claiming the victory in a 9-9 tie that was decided by games won. “The match really could not have been any closer,” Cate Coach Jason Saltoun-Ebin said. Both teams were locked at 3-3, then 6-6 and finally 9-9. Burroughs took the win by a margin of four games. In singles junior Jengus Ercil, junior Will Vanica and sophomore Ethan Bloom all picked up wins. Bloom and Vanica will have the opportunity to compete in the CIF individual doubles tournament at Carpinteria High on May 19. Anthony Pozos is May pool standout staff member Carpinteria Community Pool has announced that Anthony Pozos is the aquatics program’s Standout Staff Member for the month of May. Pozos, who is a lifeguard, enjoys working out, fishing and riding his bike. Community Pool staff said Pozos “commits himself 100% to every task and always double checks his efforts to meet his own high standards. He prides himself on staying focused on school despite the challenges presented by the Covid-19 pandemic and work.”

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They got Butch where the cougar needed to be: on the field for football games. Some forty years after Washington State University ended the tradition of a live cougar mascot and the Butchmen disbanded, alumni share memories of the spirit group. “Our job was to get the cougar to the football games and then, after we would score a touchdown or field goal, we would take him around the track,” recalls retired Colfax dentist Al Kirkpatrick (’75 Zool.), a member of the Butchmen for three years. One time, he and his fellow Butchmen simply couldn’t get the cougar out of his cage and into its trailer. “We were the ones responsible for not getting Butch to a home game against the University of Idaho,” Kirkpatrick says. After being unable to lure Butch into the rolling cage, Kirkpatrick began working with the cougar’s handler in the College of Veterinary Medicine. “I started feeding Butch on occasion,” Kirkpatrick says. “After that, when we went to load him up we didn’t have any problem.” Kirkpatrick worked with Butch VI, the last of WSU’s live cougar mascots. “I remember if you got close to his cage, he’d stick his paw out and kind of swat at you a little bit. But I don’t remember him being really riled up about anything. He wasn’t really aggressive.” But Butch would perk up when Kirkpatrick walked by. “He’d be lying there, sunning himself, and I’d come walking by and all of a sudden he’d sit up and running come over. When he saw me he identified me with food.” Another cougar did, too, during a drive up Interstate-5. “My senior year we played the UW in Seattle for the Apple Cup, and a guy by the name of Gary Andal had a Lincoln-Mercury car dealership south of Seattle. They had the Mercury Cougar, and Gary had a pet cougar. He agreed to bring his cougar, which was smaller than Butch, to the game. (The Butchmen) met him down at his car dealership (in Burien). And he asked me if I wanted to ride with him in his truck. The cougar was just on a leash and a collar, and it jumped in the middle of us. I was wearing this nice sweater, and the cougar put its paw up around my neck and started nibbling on my shoulder.” Kirkpatrick doesn’t remember trying out for Butchmen. “I had a friend in it, and he asked me if I wanted to be part of it. So it was just kind of by invitation. I don’t remember a big clamor or a big demand to try to get into the group. It was just a group of guys, and we’d recruit other guys as we went along. Steve Appel was the one who got me into the club. We would get to the games way early so students and their parents could come down and take a closer look at him,” Kirkpatrick says. But, “We would make sure people didn’t get too close.” Grant Miller drove behind the truck carrying car dealership owner Gary Andal, his pet cougar, and Miller’s buddy, Al Kirkpatrick, another one of the Butchmen, on the way to the Apple Cup in Seattle in 1975. “Somehow we got hooked with Andal,” says Miller (’75 Agribusi. Econ.), a member of the Butchmen for three years. “He let us take his pet cougar to the Apple Cup, and that was a big thing. The cougar was the emblem for the brand. It would be on billboards and in commercials. And the Cougar was the new Mercury car. Anyway, I was in the car behind the pickup. And all these people would see this cougar looking out the back window of this truck going down I-5. You wouldn’t expect to see a real live cougar going down I-5. Those were good times.” Miller, a wheat farmer in Lind, joined the club because of Kirkpatrick. They were the best men at each other’s weddings. The Butchmen, Miller says, “was a service-type organization to help support Butch and Cougar athletics and that sort of thing. We had shirts that said Butchmen, and we sold seat cushions. I would say there were ten or twelve of us. We just wanted to be part of something and give back to the community.” During his sophomore year in 1972, Miller attended George Raveling’s first basketball game for WSU. Raveling, the first African-American basketball coach in the PAC-12, took the Cougars to two NCAA tournaments during his eleven years with the team. He was twice named Conference Coach of the Year and led the Cougars to 167 wins. “He was a great coach and brought the Cougars out of the doldrums and into the spotlight,” Miller says. “That’s a good memory—of him jumping up and down at Cougar games with Butch there.” Sam Jankovich became the assistant athletic director in 1972 and, Miller says, “he was our advisor. We would go to his house before or after games and serve drinks to elite donors. There’d only be ten or twenty high-tired people and us.” He reflects fondly on his days in the group. “It was a group that we felt proud to be part of,” he says. “I’m proud to be a Coug.” But he doesn’t miss hauling Butch in his trailer around the stadium. “It was the kind of cage you’d see at the circus, with heavy bars on it,” he says. “It took four guys at least to pull it around. It did have rubber tires on it, so that helped. But it was heavy. By the time you pulled it around the 440-yard track you were exhausted.” Back then, though, he—and the Butchmen—were young and strong. “Or,” Miller says, “crazy.” Barbie Olson (’68 English) was a member of the Yell Squad from 1965 to 1967. While the Butchmen “were very much their own group,” she remembers cheering on the football field alongside them. “It was a pretty large group when I was involved. It was definitely big. They were an all-male rooter group, and they sat together. I remember them as basketball games as well,” Olson says, noting up to fifty male college students made up the Butchmen in her day. “That was the time when ‘Huck the Fuskies’ started,” she notes. “People think it was later, but it really was the late ’60s. Somebody clever came up with that, and it might’ve been one of the Butchmen. I know we could never lead that cheer; it had to come from the students. Even then we tried our best to override it. We were all down on the field—the Yell Squad, the Rally Squad, the Cougarettes drill team, the members of the Butchmen who ran Butch around the field. Every time WSU scored, they would run Butch around the field—the field had a track around it in those days—in his cage. It was kind of like running our flags in the end zone now.” Olson went on to become a longtime volunteer consultant and advocate for WSU’s cheer program, starting in the early 1980s. By then, the Butch mascot no longer a live cougar but portrayed by a student in a costume. Olson worked with the costumed mascot for decades but never forgot the Butchmen. “Friday night before a home game, there was always a rally, and they were very key,” she says. “It was an honor to be in that group. We respected them, and they respected us.” Frank Krook (’67 Soc. Studies, ’69 Teach. Cert.) doesn’t remember ever running the live-animal Butch around the field following touchdowns and field goals. But the retired Burlington middle-school language arts and social studies teacher “certainly” remembers “the roar of the crowd as Butch passes by” and has fond memories of revving up crowds at football and basketball games. “It was a wonderful time,” he says. “We all joined together to support the Cougars. We wore particular outfits, these crimson-and-white jackets that identified us as Butchmen. We also had these straw hats that we would wear to identify ourselves and excite the crowd at every game we were at. It brought a certain togetherness to the group. We were part of the spirit of WSU. We always put ourselves in front of the crowd. We tried to encourage the crowd and encourage Cougar spirit. We weren’t cheerleaders, but we were certainly cheer supporters. All the guys who were in it were always excited to be chosen. Everybody who was in it was enthusiastic. It was great fun to be a part of that.” Krook still carries that Cougar spirit, noting he’s traveled around the world often sporting WSU gear. “You wear the Cougar symbol and you get off a plane or train anywhere in the world and you’ll hear ‘Go Cougs,’” he says. “Proud to be a Cougar.” Howard “Howie” Neill The first thing that comes to mind when Howard “Howie” Neill (’67 Busi.) recalls his days in the Butchmen is, of course, their outfits—the striped jackets and straw hats. With them, Neill says, “we always wore black slacks.” The Pullman attorney doesn’t remember ever having had the privilege of carting Butch around the track during football games. But he does remember that the Butchmen always had a great view. “We always had a good place to sit for football and basketball games,” he says. “We had a few off-color cheers we’d do every now and again.” Those were usually reserved “to let the referee know when we weren’t happy with a call.” All in all, “it was a good group,” Neill says. “It had a great cross-section of people from all over the campus. We all had a good time. It’s a good memory. We had some fun trips over to Seattle for the Huskies games. It was just a great time.” But, “after a period of time, (the group) dwindled away. It wore itself out.” Before the tradition of a live cougar mascot ended, Neill says, “You’d go and watch him kind of pace around. His cage was where the bronze statue is now.” Neill’s always has a soft spot for Butch and can’t remember a time when he didn’t know about and love the WSU mascot. “I grew up in Pullman,” he explains. “Butch has always been part of my life.” During football games, David Nordquist (’52 Geography) would always keep an eye out for Shorty. Elmer “Shorty” Sever served as custodian of WSU’s athletic grounds for 42 years—from 1928 until 1970. That includes Butch and his cage. And, sometimes, Nordquist recalls, he would pull a prank on people admiring the animal— Butch IV, in those days. Butch IV was one of two twin cubs presented by Governor Arthur B. Langlie in 1942. Three years after Nordquist graduated, in 1955, Langlie also presented Butch V. Shorty came to campus a year after the first live cougar cub was gifted to campus by Governor Roland Hartley in 1927. He would come to know all of WSU’s live cougars before his death in 1973, five years before the demise of the last Butch. For football games, Nordquist recalls, “Shorty would lure Butch from his big cage to his small trailer cage on wheels. He would do that using a water hose and spraying the cougar and chasing him from one cage to the other. Because of it, the cougar developed a big hatred for Shorty.” Nordquist played football for the Cougs during his first three years of college. “Sometimes, the cheerleaders or other people on the sidelines who didn’t know about Shorty would crowd around the small trailer cage to look at the cougar. He was used to it and wouldn’t really do anything. But then Shorty would walk up behind those people, and the cougar, I suppose, would smell him or see him, and he would snarl and growl and scare the wits out of the people who were admiring him. All of the football players kind of got used to that, and we’d watch Shorty to see when he was approaching the cage. Butch hated him. But we couldn’t wait to see the reactions from people.” His final year of college, Nordquist served as student-body president. “That’s one of the reasons I didn’t play football my senior year; it was just too much,” he says. Back then, the Victory Bell—which now stands in front of the Lewis Alumni Centre—had a much higher site. “When I was in school, it was on top of College Hall, and when we won football games members of the Intercollegiate Knights Club would climb up there and ring the Victory Bell for about fifteen minutes,” recalls Nordquist, who went on to work for WSU for 26 years, starting in 1967. He served mostly as the director of general services and remembers the University’s transition from a live cougar mascot to a student in a cougar costume. “There was a lot of discussion at that time,” he says. “Some folks wanted to keep a live cougar, but the overwhelming feeling was ‘poor Butch in a cage.’ Animal rights folks got into it, and it was decided to not have another live cougar—which is fine with me. Having the (costumed) Butch mascot is kind of fun. I’ve got a nice picture of myself with Butch at my 60th class reunion. It’s a much more personal Butch this way.” When Gary Libey saw the ad in the Colfax Daily Bulletin announcing that Butch’s old trailer was to be sold at a surplus auction, the Whitman County Superior Court judge just knew he had to have it. “I wanted to own a piece of WSU history,” says Libey (’73 Poli. Sci.), who came across the notice in the Whitman County Gazette “like twenty-five years ago. I think I got (the trailer) for $75 or something like that. It was unbelievable—just pure luck. It was a tradition at WSU for years.” But it needed a little TLC. “It was in pretty rough shape,” Libey recalls. “It was all rusted up. I got a good buddy to haul it to Colfax. We got new tires on it and got it conditioned.” Scott Pittman, who owned Colfax Body Shop since 1987 before turning it over to his son in early 2020, did the work for free. Libey considers the friends both to be “co-owners” of the relic. Now, Libey says, the trailer’s “in marvelous condition. Scott sanded it and painted it crimson and gray. During football season, he’ll put it outside in front of the shop right on Main Street.” When Scott Pittman (x’73 Arch.) first finished restoring Butch’s old trailer, he set it outside his autobody shop on Main Street in Colfax with a taxidermied cougar on top. “People would just about have a train wreck when they’d see that cougar as they were driving down the road,” Pittman says. His stuffed cougar has long since been retired to his lake cabin. But Pittman still hauls out the trailer during football season. These days, he decorates it with WSU banners and flags. “I’ve got to hand it to those Butchmen,” Pittman says. “That thing is heavy. I bet it weighs 750 pounds. It’s solid steel. You can hardly pick up the tongue of it, it’s so heavy. To drag it around the stadium with a cougar in it, that’s no small task.” Pittman guesses it might be Butch’s second trailer. “It had really old spindles,” he says. “They were easy to find bearings for. It was a kick in the pants to do the work. I wish we would’ve taken pictures before we started. It had been in the junk pile outside for years and years.” Early on after restoring the trailer, Pittman would haul it to WSU Pullman, displaying it for home football games. “It was pretty cool,” he says. Now that he’s retired, he’s interested in gifting it back to the University. “I think it needs to be in Pullman,” Pittman says. “I’d even deliver it to WSU. That’s where I think it should be.” On the web From his namesake to his commemorative bronze statue, WSU’s Butch T. Cougar live-animal mascot leaves a lasting legacy. (Spring 2010 issue of Washington State Magazine) Cougar Pride’s unveiling at the 2008 Apple Cup (WSU News, November 2008) A short clip of Butch I being rolled out by Cougar Guard aka Intercollegiate Knights during the 1931 Rose Bowl (WSU Masc) Check out KREM TV’s Mascot Mania segment on “How the Cougars became the Cougars”

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Of course, your guests should feel free to chat about the latest heat wave, snow storm, or rain shower if they wish … but an audience participation murder mystery in NJ will add action-packed excitement to your special occasion and create those exceptional moments and hilarious photos your guests will share on social media. (As for me, I’ll look for them in my crystal ball.) The folks at Riddlesbrood Touring Theater Company are experts on audience participation murder mystery shows in NJ, and they also perform in PA, DE, MD and NY. An audience participation murder mystery is a winning idea for any event, whether you’re planning a birthday party, a reunion, a graduation, a wedding, or a holiday party. With an audience participation murder mystery, your guests can be part of the show, and some people love to participate. There are many ways this can be accomplished. Guests can be assigned parts in advance to read during the show, or a guest might be chosen randomly as a volunteer. In some shows, information about guests can be obtained prior to the show, then they’re worked into the plot during the performance. Most murder mystery companies ask the audience to follow clues presented throughout the show, then put them together at the end to guess who the killer is. There tends to be more excitement with an interactive murder mystery and the audience gets to laugh as others are put on the spot. Participation leads to bonding and your guests feel more like they’re part of it all.Now you may be wondering (because my crystal ball told me) if your guests will actually participate in an interactive murder mystery show or not. Well, let me assure you right away that the level of audience participation at your event is completely up to you and your guests. So if you’re not sure an audience participation murder mystery will work for your event, because you’re concerned your aunt Edna won’t want to play along in front of others, or your boss would be embarrassed to wear a silly hat on his head during the interrogation scene, or that your drama-queen niece would try to steal the show with her rousing rendition of “New York New York” fear not, for you can decide the level of participation that works for your group. You can even choose, in advance, who will participate, if you wish. If the majority of your guests are up for an adventure, then you may not want to predetermine anything, and simply allow the unforgettable moments to be completely spontaneous. You determine how much audience participation to include. Let the folks at Riddlesbrood Touring Theater Company help you decide which of our unique, original shows would be perfect for your event, and how it could be adapted for your group, if needed. The professionals at Riddlesbrood have over fourteen years’ experience and they can help you decide how much interactivity would be perfect for your gathering. For example if your guests are primarily young and/or the mood of your party lends itself to mingling and excitement, then more audience interactivity is likely to be a good thing. On the other hand, if your event is for seniors or the atmosphere of your event is more formal, then high levels of interactivity may not be well received. An audience participation murder mystery at any level of audience interactivity is great for enhancing and developing relationships. Your guests will interact with each other and possibly learn new things about people they’ve known for years . . . like the fact that your brainiac sister has amazing powers of deduction and was able to identify the murderer halfway through the show! A murder mystery party challenges the brain. It polishes your guests’ rusty powers of deduction, so they’re able to put all the pieces together to solve the puzzle. If you’re organizing a corporate event, an audience participation murder mystery in NJ is a fun, creative way to stimulate morale and train coworkers to communicate more effectively, as well as sharpen their decision-making and listening skills. Contact the Riddlesbrood Touring Theater Company today to discuss your audience participation murder mystery in NJ or any other show you may be interested in. For more information on shows available, visit Murder Mystery Party Packages or call them at 866-276-6399.

The enduring legacy of one of America’s most decorated composers has been the basis for launching the Marvin Hamlisch International Music Awards, aimed at recognizing and enabling the next generation of music composition talent. NEW YORK, NY, September 23, 2020 /24-7PressRelease/ — The enduring legacy of one of America’s most decorated composers has been the basis for launching the Marvin Hamlisch International Music Awards, aimed at recognizing and enabling the next generation of music composition talent. Following its tremendous success, the 2020-2021 Marvin Hamlisch International Music Awards expanded the competition categories to enable musicians to apply in the following musical genres: Composition for Musical Theatre, Film/Media Scoring, Classical Composition and Jazz Composition. Composers worldwide will be eligible to compete in categories for Youth (under 18) and Emerging Composers (pre-professional composers aged 18+) for a total of $10,000 in cash prizes in addition to sponsored prize packages including an opportunity to be considered for a music publishing agreement with Concord, one of our founding partners. Composers from around the world are eligible and encouraged to compete, by registering online for the 2020-2021 Marvin Hamlisch International Music Awards. Registration is open till September 30, 2020 and works can be submitted till October 21, 2020; all detailed information can be found at www.hamlischawards.org. The actual 2020-2021 awards ceremony and concert is planned for Monday, March 22, 2021 at Queens College’s Lefrak Concert Hall of the Kupferberg Center for the Arts in New York. The Marvin Hamlisch international Music Awards is grateful for the support of its founding partners: Queens College, Concord, Caroline’s Cakes, the Aegon/Transamerica Foundation, ASCAP, Hal Leonard, Orange Tree Samples, MOTU, Embertone and Score a Score. Their generous contributions help expand the impact of the Marvin Hamlisch Scholarship fund at Queens College for many years to come. More info about the contest; The Marvin Hamlisch international Music Awards is a New York State registered charitable not-for-profit corporation, governed by a 11-member Board of Trustees with a 26-member Honorary Board of Trustees, comprised of members who were all close personal friends and colleagues of Mr. Hamlisch. The mission of the organization is to foster and champion a new generation of composers through an international music competition with the vision of recognizing talent and building a community of young composers worldwide. For the original version of this press release, please visit 24-7PressRelease.com here

Want to hear one of the worst things I’ve ever done? I saw Kay kissing another guy shortly after we broke up but were still fucking, fucking the night before, in the dirtiest of ways because at that point, why not. I scaled the building somehow, I think I grabbed wires, hopped onto fire escape, and climbed up to her second floor studio window. I knocked, breaking their embrace. She let me in. I confronted them, holding in a rage. I remember asking them to at least wait until I moved out, I told them I still loved her. I told him that Kay and I had just fucked the night before, Kay told me to shut up, said I was disgusting. My mania must have scared her. I couldn’t handle seeing her kissing him, I didn’t even understand why, the heart of my brain forever confused by the mother who leaves, returns, tells me “someday I will understand love” as she leaves, returns, has the car set on fire up by her ex-convict boyfriend, leaves, I don’t understand my heart/dick, I can’t figure out XXXXX Section deleted because scarecrows shouldn’t talk about their own history of being abused; they will say that’s why you have a predilection for predation, that’s why you grew up to be a bad man, a bad kid, in high school, working at Big Dogs Sweatshirt Co, loving fucking, everyone fucking in the mall, everyone in high school fucking in Big Dogs. The store I worked at specialized in sweaters to be worn too big. Huge sweaters were a thing in the late 1990’s, at least in Niagara Falls. I worked with a young woman, a year or two older than me, she lived downtown, nice, gorgeous and tough, always swearing and talking shit. She didn’t finish high school and I wanted to fuck her, and we hung out once and she offered me heroin and I got scared. I was way too musical theatre for this girl, in over my head. I think I’m harder than I am; mostly, I like chilling out, just a slime-encrusted bonehead with comedy and tragedy mask tattoos, an abuser who never abused (pairs well with those who want to have an abuser without having to be abused), who watches too much hockey (and is a liar), struggles to write this (and has exploited people), goes to bed early (and is a maniac with abandonment issues who absolutely loves fucking) and I never identified as a “survivor”, but I’ll start identifying as one if I overcome being accused of being an abuser. My Accuser > My Abuser. What an ugly thought. So much ugliness. Ugly to cheat on so many partners; Ugly to lie about it; Ugly to be so out of control that it can scare people; Ugly for accusers to abuse the word abuse; Ugly to cloak vengeance behind moral duty; Ugly for a shitty lover to call on the nuclear solution of a call-out to ensure the other shitty lover alone suffers the consequences for a shitty relationship; Ugly if accusations were made as a way to absolve oneself of their own complicity and guilt; Ugly to tell someone you hope they kill themself and die alone; Ugly to rally others to shun, dehumanize and destroy a human being out of personal vendettas and shits and giggles ugly to peepee on the couch after a dance party to harass and threaten friends and loved ones if they don’t come out against the accused to combat your struggles by erasing a less powerful surrogate fake your suicide to keep your lover from leaving you love them when you are just afraid to lose them call and text someone you treated like shit beg them fuck your mistress in your girlfriend’s bed to omit details when you know they would weaken your argument not take enough accountability because you are just too angry and feel it’s far too late for it’s all ugly, or none of it is in this wild jungle of wonder and muck. I wish I had never climbed up to Kay’s studio window, I regret doing it, I regret saying those things. I just couldn't let it go. I grabbed his skateboard and smacked him across the face with it. He fell back, knocked out, and I took off his glasses and snapped them in half and stole his wallet. Kay was screaming for me to stop. Then I started hammer-fisting his unconscious head. Kay tried to pull me away, and I grabbed her, lifted her over my head, and threw her out the window, right into a butcher’s dumpster. No, I'm lying. I didn’t really do all that. I embellished the story to make me seem worse than I am. It’s easily done.

Season 4 of Apex Legends titled Assimilation is finally here and to kick things off, Respawn Entertainment has introduced a ton of back story for Season 4, we were scheduled to get “Forge” a new legend but after his apparent murder, it looks like we will be getting the Revenant in Apex Legends. The back story has been shrouded in mystery while Apex Legends have done their all to keep things hidden, but data miners have been able to get their hands on the Revenant. The back story shows a man plotting the murder of a man who is with his family in a restaurant, as the trailer shows, the Revenant used to be a young man before he used cybernetics to turn himself into a ruthless killer. Apex Legends takes its background from the lore of Titanfall series and have used settings and backdrop from the game, while there is no new Titanfall sequel announced in development it won’t be a surprise if we got to see some of the characters in the game. The person that Revenant takes down in the Season 4 trailer is a thief for hire and it looks like someone has tasked our newest legend with a bounty to take him down. After the carnage that the Revenant has already caused, it will be interesting to see how he cooperates in the game with the other legends. Season 4 Assimilation will begin on February 4th, 2020 and is available for PC, Xbox One and PS4.

So lets get to it and talk about Betterhelp Apk..in this article you will find the answer… hi everybody so today I want to talk with you about something called better help which is an online treatment platform and I’m likewise going to tell you how you can get two weeks without better help services however first … two weeks free trial membership to better help you can try it totally run the risk of totally free no strings attached and see how you like it um so what is better help better help is an online treatment service that is sort of an alternative to in-person treatment a membership to better help provides you access to a therapist basically whenever and it includes unrestricted text audio and video messaging as well as a weekly live session now I have actually tried this out and my therapist said that you can type of separate those weekly sessions however you choose – so she stated you can have possibly 3 20-minute sessions or a one-hour session it’s kind of whatever fits your schedule and whatever fits your requirements the very best so I myself have tried it out like I said I have a therapist through better help and it’s really really simple interacting with them they have a site that’s really simple to connect with as well as an app on your phone that you can send out instantaneous messages through you can you can voice call through you can even video chat through and it’s truly actually simple to navigate so I want to talk with you a bit more about my experience with better help to type of offer you a concept about what it resembles utilizing it so it took me a while to find the right therapist if I’m being truthful so um I checked out a couple of therapists to begin with none of them truly felt like a good fit which’s truly essential I think even when discovering a therapist out in the real life with in-person interactions is that you need to truly work at discovering one who’s going to be a really great fit for you and there’s this it’s no exception for better help either so do not hesitate to check out different therapists if the very first one you get does not seem like the best fit you can keep searching until you find like you have an actually great relationship with the therapist. Better Help insurance Betterhelp Apk Online that you’re compared with the service makes it really simple to simply switch therapists when I felt like I wasn’t truly getting in touch with my very first couple therapists I simply picked I believe it’s just an alternative in the app where you can look for a various therapist you can read their BIOS and determine more about them and choose which one you want to work with so I think part of why I wasn’t really that impressed to begin with with those very first therapists was that they were initially giving me kind of canned actions which didn’t really sit well Faced with joining a frantically long NHS waiting list, Joe Rackham went with online counselling instead. “I simply felt that I couldn’t wait any longer– I was inspired and ready to handle my problems and quite liked the concept of doing so in the convenience of my own house,” stated the 29-year-old, who lives in London. After an online search, he found a therapist whose profile matched his needs and booked a chat session for the next day. The physician app Babylon provides therapy to 150,000 active users, while PlusGuidance, an online counselling service, has 10,000 users. Talkspace, another online treatment platform, reports it has 500,000 signed up users worldwide, with a lot of in the US. Online training encourages therapists on whatever from using emojis to preventing misconceptions. They likewise need to safeguard patients’ personal information– a problem that has actually caused controversy in the US, where big online therapy platforms have actually come under the spotlight. Buckley stated patients ought to examine services’ privacy policies prior to signing up. “Not all online counselling websites use expertly trained therapists or comply with an ethics policy, so ask your GP for a recommendation in the first instance. Similar to all sort of services and support, what works for one person might not work for another person,” he stated. Marc Bush, primary policy advisor at Young Minds, stated that while online counselling services are valuable, “they shouldn’t replace face-to-face therapy with a trained professional. If a young person is having a hard time, we would encourage them to talk to their GP in the very first instance, or to contact a recognized service like The Mix, Childline or the Samaritans.”. For Rackham, who has generalised anxiety disorder, online counselling wasn’t the ideal fit. “I felt it was near impossible for the therapist to truly get a sense of the problems I was dealing with, as all they had to go from was my typed-out words. I think I realised after that online session how essential interpersonal interaction was. ” I’m a big fan of using innovation in all locations of my life as an option to everyday issues. I have apps for whatever, but when it comes to mental health, you have to pick how technology plays a role in your recovery extremely thoroughly.”. Betterhelp Apk Instead, the app prides itself on having actually licensed therapists and psychological health experts available to assist individuals through text, call or video chat. That’s what lots of YouTubers who have accepted sponsorships from the business often state in their own videos, where they speak on the stresses in their individual lives and sensations verging on stress and anxiety or depression. Bobby Burns, Elle Mills, Philip DeFranco, Heath Hussar, Boogie2988, Shane Dawson and ChandlerNWilson are all creators who have actually Betterhelp Apk sponsors now. A number of these developers have actually discussed psychological health issues in the past, however as burnout becomes a bigger subject within the neighborhood– and traditional world– sponsorships including BetterHelp have increased, regardless of the app not being precisely what the developers are touting.

Parisien Etudiant business school rankings: KEDGE... Alexandre, from Chantenay-Villedieu, has been preparing for this event for many months and has followed a high-level programme to achieve his goal: run and finish the Paris marathon. Despite having cystic fibrosis, a disease that affects nearly 6,000 people in France, and having had a double lung transplant four years ago, Alexandre accomplished the feat of finishing the Paris Marathon in 5 hours 31 minutes. During the entire race, he was accompanied by his surgeon, Antoine Mugniot, who had decided to accompany his young patient in his crazy adventure, even though hadn't adequately prepared and had never run such a long distance. This is just one more amazing feat for Alexandre, who has already completed a tour of Europe of more than 10,000-kilometres in 2015, a cross-Atlantic sailing trip cut short by the Covid crisis, and the writing of a book about his own story, Un souffle d’espoir,

I’m not sure where I first saw this–I think it was on MediaBistro–but it’s so amusing that I can’t not talk about it. Say what you will about Fifty Shades of Grey (believe me, I’ve read it, so I know), it has certainly given rise to lively conversations and entertaining bits of creative frivolity. I’ve read and watched a lot of, and this is by far my favorite yet. When comedians Brian Brushwood and Justin Robert Young of the NSFW Show noticed that erotica–namely Fifty Shades of Grey and books that look like Fifty Shades of Grey–was dominating the iBookstore charts, they decided to see just how discerning (or not) the readers who are begging for more literary dirtybadfun are. Was it possible, they wondered, for a “terribly written book that makes no sense and just has a lot of banging” to win the hearts and minds of unknowing readers? Craving an answer, they asked the internet to write a totally fake erotica book, and they published it. Here’s what happened:[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzN1kI6K-fk&feature=player_embedded#![/youtube] The Diamond Club hit Apple’s virtual shelves on July 29. It was written completely by the internet, and no one had read the whole thing before it went up. But it had 1) a cover that looks like the Fifty Shades series covers, 2) lots and lots of sex, and 3) characters with extremely trendy jobs. (Brushwood and Young haven’t read Fifty Shades, so they had no way of knowing that pretty much nothing in it is actually trendy–I mean, the heroine gets her first email account at the age of 21.) At this writing, The Diamond Club is in the #4 spot on the iBookstore bestseller chart, just behind the Fifty Shades trilogy and ahead (to the detriment of readers everywhere) of Gillian Flynn’s fantastic blockbuster Gone Girl (which, for the record, is nothing like Fifty Shades of Grey). It has 1440 customer reviews, many of which we can assume are fake (and are from the same fans who helped write the fake book), but some of them are bound to be real, from the sort of unsuspecting readers Brushwood and Young set out to dupe. (If you have a little time to kill, you could do worse than spending a few minutes trying to tell the real reviews from the fake ones.) Just how bad is it? You can find out for yourself for only 99 cents. The Diamond Club is also available at Amazon (where it has cracked the top 100) and Barnes & Noble. What’s the verdict, readers? Is this a fun poke at the new highs (or lows) of literary ridiculousness, or a disturbing revelation about the current state of reader-hood? And do I have to read The Diamond Club now?

ISLAMABAD: The Council of Islamic Ideology (CII) has declared the procedure of handcuffing suspects of the National Accountability Bureau (NAB) before conviction as violation of the Pakistani law and Islamic jurisprudence. “Defaming a suspect and exposing him on media before his conviction is against the basic human values spelled out in Islamic teachings,” said CII Chairman Qibla Ayaz while addressing the media after chairing a daylong meeting of the council on Thursday. “Violent suspects can be handcuffed,” said the CII chairman. The CII chairman urged NAB to refrain from such practices. A committee, headed by Justice (retd) Raza Khan, has also been formed to evaluate the NAB Ordinance in light of Islamic jurisprudence. “The committee will critically evaluate whether or not the laws of NAB Ordinance are in contravention of Islamic law in order to ensure compliance of the 1973 Constitution which makes it mandatory for every law in the country to be consistent with the teachings of Quran and Sunnah,” said Ayaz. The CII chairman expressed deep concern over the Aurat March held last month and the inappropriate slogans and banners during the protest. “The council has resolved that it will extensively study the causes behind dysfunctional families,” said the chairman. “The council believes that in light of Articles 227 to 231 of the Constitution, the CII must present recommendations to help Pakistani Muslims streamline their individual and social lives in accordance with the principles enacted in the Quran and Sunnah.” He said issues surrounding family life could not be resolved with emotional speeches and slogans, “instead advocating extensive research into the underlying factors is needed”. He said the council also observed that there was a communication gap between the teachers and students in colleges and universities while co-curricular activities were on the decline. “Consequently, the young generation is under intense mental pressure,” he said, urging the Ministry of Education and Higher Education Commission to formulate a strategy for the purpose. “Impulsive and spontaneous reactions to problems will do no good,” he added. The council held a key session with President Dr Arif Alvi on April 3 at the President House. It was decided in the session that recommendation would be sought from religious communities and Ulema on environmental safety, forests, plant nurseries, water preservation, compliance of food safety principles and ensuring right to property for women. The council is expected to hold a convention at the President House with the coordination of Ministry of Religious Affairs and Ministry of Climate Change. The CII chairman assured President Alvi during the session that the council would make all possible efforts to spread the Paigham-e-Pakistan message and its narrative. “The message will be incorporated in the syllabus of madrassas and universities alike,” said Ayaz. To a question, the CII chairman said the council would seek opinions over granting permission for alcohol in the name of minorities from the minority affairs minister. The council expressed concern over the growing Islamophobia in the west and demanded of Europe, United States and other countries to play their role in ensuring protection of Muslims in their respective states. The council also condemned the assassination attempt on Maulana Taqi Usmani and murder of Prof Khalid Hameed at Sadiq Egerton College Bahawalpur. Comments are moderated and generally will be posted if they are on-topic and not abusive. For more information, please see our Comments FAQ

Well, 2020 has come and gone, hasn’t it? I’ve attempted to write a few times. However, it seemed either like shouting into the wind or sliced a little too deep into some painful spots of the year. We’ve found ourselves back in America. And we’ve found ourselves living on a farm, something that we’ve always longed to do. And we’re living in our favorite part of the state. And, as of this week, Michael got basically his dream situation for if he had to be employed in something other than a missions role. And I feel unworthy. A couple days ago, I was talking to my daughter about our plans for our large garden next year. I said that I didn’t know what I should add to it. “You can always add more flowers, Mama. Get some more flower seeds, Mama, and make the world a more beautiful place.” And we come back to that refrain. And I’ll try. It doesn’t look at all like I anticipated it would. But I’ll try anyway. It’s been a bit of a wild month. Our little guy was over two weeks overdue. My parents came from America for two weeks, and now we’ve been on lockdown for over a week due to the spread of the coronavirus. Today, I wanted to share some photos from the last month to fight against fear with gratitude. We have found beauty and created beauty in so many places this month, but the most obvious was in the birth of our little boy. We grieve with the world around us, as we see the effects of the Coronavirus. We also have hope with the world around us. I’ve found that as a homeschooling mom and a one-vehicle family, there really has been very little change to our daily life other than the ability to get groceries or go on extended walks, and Michael is home all the time now instead of his REALLY unpredictable ministry schedule. I see many people who are frustrated that they are stuck at home. I greatly desire to help encourage parents who are unexpectedly at home with their kids, and I can sympathize. It is difficult when sinners all get cooped up in a house together, isn’t it? I’d like to take a minute to acknowledge that unexpected “homeschoolers” have a hard job. Distance education/school at home isn’t necessarily “homeschool.” Homeschoolers have the ability to choose our curriculums, our days of education, what’s working and what’s not. We’ve intentionally made decisions, studied, and planned for this. I scrapped a grammar curriculum just last week because it wasn’t working for one of my kids, and right now I’m staying busy working on planning for the next school year. Many of you who are teaching your kids right now have no control over things like curriculum, and when your kids aren’t understanding, you feel powerless. Homeschooling isn’t like that. So I wanted to acknowledge those who are working hard and adapting to things they never planned to do. It’s tough work, and you’re doing your best. I also wanted to give a very light word of caution. Please express your feelings about staying home with your kids in a positive light. Kids hear. Everything. And remember…everything. If they happen to overhear you talking about being “stuck” with them, or how you’re wanting to drink because you’ve been in the same house with them for what seems like ages, they’ll remember it. You feel powerless, and that’s where your feelings are coming from. But you are an adult with agency to make decisions (stay at home, or go out? make healthy food, or eat comforting less-healthy food? netflix every single season of that show or tear into a new project?) Your kiddos have very little agency. And if they’re hearing the news or reading over your shoulder while you’re scrolling on your phone (I’ve got some nosy parkers too…), they’ll realize that the world can be a scary place right now. Whom will they turn to for comfort if they’ve taken to heart the idea that you’re sick of them? Off that soapbox for now. Here’s a bit of a list of some of the “extra” things aside from our usual homeschooling we’ve been doing to fill in the gaps of time that Michael would normally be working. Additional audiobooks. (Audible has a bunch of books for free right now that you aren’t required to have a membership for.) Art lessons, book readalouds, and concerts for free online. We try to only do one a day, because we still attempt to really limit the kids’ screen time. That being said, between the kids being “off schedule” and a newborn, my yarn projects and sewing projects have taken a back seat. I had hoped to have child number 3’s Christmas sweater done four days from now. It’s not looking like that’s going to happen, as I’m only about 70% done. Sigh. It’s only March, right? Unfortunately, the places I buy my yarn and fabric have closed down my ability to purchase from them right now. (Thank you, Wool Warehouse for taking the health of your employees into consideration!) So I guess I just have to finish the projects I’ve got. I used to think I’d be a bandage wrapper, a makeshift nurse, or some sort of an active participant in saving the world, should I be needed. Turns out that the best thing that I can do to save the world is to stay at home and love my children. And that’s what I intend to do. God, help me to do my best and smooth over my failings with your grace. Amen. While we wait for baby to decide to show his face, I’ve managed to do every chore imaginable (even washed the outdoor windows one nicer day) and also work a little bit more on some knitting projects. I like how the blue sock yarn is turning out for my third son’s Christmas sweater. I also enjoy working in the round. The piecing together for the baby’s sweater will be easy, but working in the round is so satisfying and goes by so quickly. As the baby is nearly two weeks overdue, I told my husband that if I finish our third son’s sweater before the baby comes out, I will cry. Who am I kidding, though? I cry a lot these days, to begin with. Nearly every day, I wake up feeling guilty for being crabby at the other four kids, so I try to make up for it with a baked good or special breakfast. So not only are the kids anxious about the timing of our blessed event, they’re over-sugared. Sigh. It’s a season. It will pass. In better news, much of next school year is planned, and I’ve been able to work on my French language learning. 🙂 More Christmas Sweater Decisions I decided on the Christmas sweaters for the two remaining kids. Our oldest will be getting the Teeny Geena Sweater, although I haven’t decided on yarns yet. His favorite color is red, but he likes hand-dyed or variegated yarns. I’m concerned that with the raglan sleeves it might be kind of wonky looking if I use a more textured color. Rowan does have some really beautiful hemp tweed that I love the look of, but it’s a little more cost-prohibitive for a very active boy’s sweater. Our only girl loves sweater dresses and pockets, so I chose a combo of the two with the Fiona pattern (short-sleeved edition because it’s so mild here.) For the last two years, every time she’s been asked her favorite colors, her response is this verbatim: “pink and purple and orange and grey.” So here’s what I’ll end up using: I hope you’re having a fine day filled with color and sunshine. If not, I hope you’re enjoying a chance to snuggle under a blanket and read a good book or do something that refreshes your soul. A couple of months after we arrived, a friend gave us two armchairs for free. The vinyl had scraped off in multiple areas. Not one to say no to free furniture (and probably an incurable optimist when it comes to “potential” and rehabbing things,) I just could not let these chairs go. Funnily enough, I just saw a group of six of these exact same chairs with scraped off vinyl going for free on our local “freecycle” kind of Facebook group. So with the damage being consistent with eight or more of the same make and model of chair, I think it was just poorly manufactured. I have great plans to recover them, one with a navy fabric and one with a floral with pops of navy blue because I deeply miss having the floral accent chair that I recovered so long ago. Unfortunately, the kids keep on picking more vinyl off, so I covered them with some free Sesame Street duvet covers that we were given. (Free fabric must have its use.) And that made it worse. Ha ha ha! A couple of weeks ago, I got a package with some surprise yarn in it. I adored the colors. I began playing around and decided to make a mini chair cover/lap blanket for one of the chairs. I finished it up last week and temporarily pinned it into place. This summer, I will recover the other chair first, which means ripping it apart to come up with the pattern. At least this one will look presentable in the meantime. Also, of note, I had multiple windows open much of the day. We’ve been busy preparing for little man around here. That doesn’t mean that no crafting has been done. In fact, I’m sooooo close to finishing up a little blanket that will be used on our porch to cover up some wear and tear on an armchair until I have time to recover it. I’m running out of yarn, so it may be as big as it is going to get pretty soon. We’ve also been beginning the process of double digging our garden beds. Yes, it’s February. Yes, this throws off everything we’ve ever known about gardening, but we’ve been watching local gardeners, and they’re beginning to prepare their beds now. So that also means finishing up the purchasing of our seeds and starting our seeds. My husband managed to find some bio (organic) sweet potatoes today to get started indoors. Sweet potatoes (patate douce) are fairly expensive here compared to in the states, and they are so nutritionally dense, so we wanted to ensure that we’d have a good crop of them. We’ve only got about 200 square feet of in-ground garden, not for lack of space, but for practicality. (We also will have 15 or so medium-sized containers.) Michael will be gone many hours beginning in March, and I’ll be in charge of the five kids and maintaining our little garden operation here. This year, it needed to be easier. So we’re doing a high-density double dug garden, based on the recommendations of John Seymour in The Self-Sufficient Gardener. But since the growing season here runs from early April through late November, we’re hoping to have several mid-season replantings and reap a huge harvest of…cabbages and beets and greens and such. Our kids are generally pretty tolerant of our healthier cooking as long as we season it well enough, but the amount of cabbage I’m foreseeing might push past their limits. We are reusing seeds from last year as our primary seeds and then filling in with seeds for the things that are most expensive or hard to find here in France (celery, sweet potatoes, hot peppers, cilantro, etc.) We did make a couple of purchases of seeds that the kids requested (American watermelons, because the French ones are just not the same.) Around our yard, we’ve been so pleased to see signs of Spring everywhere. A friend sent a lovely package with some tea and cloth napkins from vintage cloth, and it’s been so delightful to hang them up on our laundry rack. I’m looking forward to March, when it will be much more temperate and line drying outdoors will be again a more feasible task for us. I’m hoping that you’re finding beauty even on days that may be grey and gloomy. I keenly feel for my friends back home this week, after our crocus sightings and then when daffodils started popping up in our garden. Living “up north” in the United States can be brutally beautiful. The prospect of several more months of bleak skies and cold temperatures is daunting for many. So I wanted to highlight the color grey in my color inspiration series this week, as an ode to Minnesota’s winters, as it were. Because we work in a fairly industrial French city, there are a lot of examples of grey brickwork or grey sidewalks as well. For this post, my mind was stuck in Minnesota, so I chose mostly photos from “back home” as examples. It’s more difficult for me to find examples of grey as an accent color in my photo collection. My eyes naturally get drawn to the brightest in the photos–much like when I wrote about brown here. I’ve made 10 or 15 blankets with grey as a primary color in them. Grey always seems to set off the colors around it beautifully, like a best friend highlighting your “good bits” and smoothing over your failures for you. But grey as a solid (like the solid grey celtic blanket I made here) is lovely and cosy as well. I wonder if you can find an instance of grey and focus on it as a beautiful piece of art this week. It might be difficult, but it may also help shift your perspective from “endless winter” to “understated elegance.” The sun shone quite a bit today, revealing some Dutch crocuses in our yard to little eyes. Crocuses in January. New Yarn for a New Crocheter I did get a yarn order this week, which was exciting. My oldest managed to get three balls of Stylecraft in my order. He began crocheting last week or the week before, and he’s doing so well after knitting for a few years, so I thought I’d let him pick a few skeins of his own to use colors he enjoys. He’s always been a jewel tones kid, and still, he continues. He’s working on creating a tiny blanket for one of his stuffed animals and has grand ideas of what will come next. When Middle Children Complicate Decisions Unfortunately, in my order, I got all of the yarn but forgot to order knitting needles for my next project, one of the Christmas sweaters I’ll be starting. Someday I’d love to have knitting needles and crochet hooks in every size all organized, but it’s just not that season. I’m not a Knitter with a capital K, so I have to use what I’ve got and plan for new needles every once in a while. It was a real conundrum deciding how to do Christmas sweaters this year. (I’ve decided to do them in place of matching jammies, in order to reduce my “factory footprint.”) I always love a good matching photo op for the kids, but one of the three older boys just a) wants to be different and b) hates to be different at the same time. I understand. It’s a middle child thing. So I tossed and turned about doing the same pattern for all three and just changing out the colors or doing the same pattern but giving him some distinctive elements like stripes. My husband finally decided that I should just do different patterns and different colors for all three, and then nobody will feel left out or like they don’t stand out enough. Our daughter will be getting a sweater dress for Christmas because she always loves sweater dresses. Patterns I chose for the Christmas Sweaters I haven’t figured out our oldest’s pattern or yarn yet (but his favorite color is currently ruby red, so it will likely be a flashy sweater.) Our second son’s sweater will be Bernat’s Rickrack Pullover in a yellow gold with grey, blue, and orange colorwork. Our third son’s sweater will be Drops Vincent in Drops Fabel Green Turquoise. I have not yet determined the pattern for our girl’s sweater dress, but it will probably be purple, as I’ve worked enough pink lately to bring tears to my eyes. I might be convinced to add a little dusty rose color work to it, but that would be it. Baby’s sweater is already in the works, as I mentioned recently. He doesn’t get a choice on his color or pattern, because I had this yarn lying around from two children ago. They just keep growing, and I never got to use this. Tulips Because They’re Lovely Michael brought me home some tulips today because I have such a heart for flowers. Buying fresh flowers here in France has a bit of the same “feel” as it does in the States, that you’re either trying to impress someone or that you’re just a bit “extra.” But I’m glad that he does little things like that for me every once in a while because beauty and goodness do matter. Here’s hoping that today brought you a bit of sunshine or beauty, even if it’s in the form of an icicle or “Jack Frost” crystals on your windowpane. It’s almost time for little man’s arrival. I just managed to get this finished in between packing hospital bags, working on my French for the hospital, and trying to get the house and children ready for me to be gone for a little while. (The average French hospital stay after giving birth is four days. What will I do? Not sure. I might go crazy from the lack of yelling and general hubbub, or it might feel like a silent spiritual retreat to only have one child around that sleeps the majority of the day.) In any case, this texture lap blanket is done. And here are the details! Stylecraft Bambino DK – Mellow Yellow, 800 grams 15,6 Euros (approximately $17.20 ) Time it Took Began project on October 23, 2019. Finished January 23, 2020. Completed more than 30 smaller projects between, so not as much of my time was completely devoted to this blanket. Hard to estimate. For other blankets (like this one!) or tah-dah posts that I’ve done recently (man is it hard to track down decades of progress photos!!!), you can either look at my Ravelry profile or in my finished objects category. Now that the blanket is done, I just need to wrap my head around what life with a newborn will look like again. I find myself googling phrases like “newborn schedule” and other things that came intuitively the last time, which was five years ago. Ah well. It’ll all shake out, and little man will be so loved. The baby commandeered this past week with three appointments. He turned around in the correct direction (please stay that way, youngling!), and we’re all so happy about that. Baby’s Christmas Sweater I began his Christmas sweater because I needed a mental break on one of the days when a new math skill was just evading one of my kids. Don’t look too closely; it’s been a while since I’ve done any “serious” knitting. This weekend, my husband helped me do some serious nesting/rearranging. Together, we solved about eight household “problems,” but our house is still in full-on recovery mode from all of our industrious “fixing.” If you ask the kids, the baby can come at any time. They are so anxious to meet their little plaything/friend, but some are beginning to have some amount of anxiety about me being in the hospital potentially for the French stay of 4 days. I’m ready for us to all just to be able to hunker down for a bit. And I wouldn’t mind having my spine back again. A gift of yarn & a new project A lovely friend sent me a bunch of yarn in the mail. As we say in our family, “my love bucket is so full!” The next day, I began a bit of a bobble blanket to use on one of our chairs that needs recovering. I anticipate that this will be a really swift project due to the smaller size and chunkier yarn. It only needs to be big enough to hide the major wear and tear on the chair until I can do some upholstery work. trying to plan things better Because I always bite off more than I can chew at the last minute, I created a calendar for all of my projects for the year. Don’t worry! I left some room for flexibility and fun. I’m a pretty ambitious person (with a lot of ideas!!!) However, I am choosing to not be caught making projects for all of the at-risk young men we work with in December this year. (It’s going to be hats for the young men this year, by the way, since some may still be living in the same housing situation…) yet another crocheter in the family I taught my oldest how to chain, single crochet, and double crochet this week. He caught on so quickly, although the moment I snapped this photo he was mid-mistake. (Isn’t that how it always goes?) He is flying through this experience and is genuinely loving it. Knitting was not the same. He spent about two hours today crocheting what will be a small blanket for one of his stuffed animals. I read a pretty bit of a quote by Maya Angelou today: ” A bird doesn’t sing because it has an answer…it sings because it has a song.” I hope that today finds you singing the song you were made to sing. Two pairs of boys’ jeans with multiple holes in the pairs, three dresses (requiring invisible mending because they were knits), and a few other garments are now repaired. I have three more pairs of boys’ jeans, one pair of boys’ dress pants, and a letting out of a hem on a girl’s dress left. (And a girl’s pair of pajamas since I first drafted this post…) I bought myself some actual Sashiko needles on Amazon for around 3 Euros. Best 3 Euros I’ve spent in a while. The needles slipped through about five times as fast and easily as my old gold-tip needle. It was phenomenal. The tools we use matter. And in this case, they weren’t outrageously expensive. Slow Fashion Near Miss On the note of slow fashion, a confession is in order. In France, there is a yearly sale, a month-long period of post-Christmas clothing sales going on. I decided to look online at H&M for t-shirts for myself since I anticipate needing some new shirts after this pregnancy, and their sales were averaging 60% off. Fortunately, the site sold out of all of the shirts I liked. My slow fashion ideals currently remain intact. How easily I was swayed toward conventional factory-produced fashion, and how naturally I turn toward it is frustrating to me. Really, I have the skills to take in some of the t-shirts I’ve got or rework some old dress shirts that are far too big on me now. We’ll see what kind of projects I end up with this year in terms of slow fashion. My daughter will likely end up with a homemade sweater dress, because she loves sweater dresses so much. My husband, on the other hand, I haven’t decided what to do about. He is a bigger-framed man, and he will eventually need some really sturdy pants. We have two brands from America that we generally can trust in terms of sturdiness. They would be much higher quality than anything that I could conjure up, but I’m not certain how they’re sourced or produced.

"They beat me pretty bad" said Finnegan Lee Elder. An American student on trial in Italy for the murder of a Rome policeman claims he was kicked, punched and spat on in custody, according to a leaked official transcript from last summer, reports AFP. Finnegan Lee Elder and fellow Californian student Gabriel Christian Natale-Hjorth could be handed life sentences if convicted of murdering Mario Cerciello Rega, a 35-year-old carabiniere who was stabbed 11 times in Rome last July. Cerciello Rega and his colleague Andrea Varriale, both dressed in plain-clothes, had gone to investigate a drug deal gone wrong in the capital's upmarket Prati district in the early hours of 26 July 2019. While in Rome's Regina Coeli prison on 2 August, Elder was recorded secretly during a private conversation with his father and American lawyer. "They beat me pretty bad ... in the [police] station," Elder said in a transcript of the conversation requested by the court, reports AFP. "They threw me to the ground, kicked me, punched me, stood on me, spit on me" - he said - "They said they would give me 40 years if I didn't give them my phone password." Elder's claims of police brutality follow the leaking of photographs of Hjorth blindfolded and handcuffed at a police station in Rome. "The awful truth of what Finnegan was subjected to and endured as a terrified 19-year-old is now being revealed to the world," - Elder's father Ethan told AFP - "Our hearts break every minute of every hour of every day." Elder, now 20, has admitted to stabbing Cerciello Rega with an 18-cm serrated-edge combat knife but has insisted to investigators that he thought he and his friend were being attacked by drug dealers. What happened prior to attack A few hours earlier Elder and Natale-Hjorth had been trying to buy cocaine in the popular night-life area of Trastevere. A man described as an "intermediary" and identified as Sergio Brugiatelli helped them find a dealer who allegedly sold them crushed aspirin instead of drugs. In retaliation the students stole Brugiatelli's rucksack, demanding the return of their money plus a gram of cocaine in exchange. However Brugiatelli informed the police of the situation, with undercover officers Cerciello Rega and Varriale going to the designated meeting place in Prati instead of Brugiatelli. Elder claims that they were jumped from behind by the officers who they believed were criminal associates of Brugiatelli. Varriale has said that he and Cerciello Rega, both unarmed, told the young men they were police, but that Elder pulled out a knife and attacked Cerciello Rega, while Natale-Hjorth wrestled with Varriale. In the ensuing 32-second brawl Cerciello Rega was stabbed 11 times, later dying from his wounds in nearby S. Spirito hospital. Elder and Natale-Hjorth fled the scene but were tracked down the next day to a hotel, in the same area as the attack, where police found the military knife hidden behind a ceiling panel. Contradictory version of events Varriale initially said that he and Cerciello Rega had been attacked by men of north African descent, as well as claiming that he had been armed. However it later transpired that both officers were unarmed and that they acted without backup, in violation of police procedure. Shortly after the teens' arrest, a photo showing Natale-Hjorth blindfolded and restrained at a police station was leaked to the Italian media, attracting further controversy to the case. Separately, defence lawyers for the US students say that transcripts of talks between Elder and his lawyer which were published in Italian media and suggested that he had confessed, were translated badly and appeared to omit parts of their conversation. Outpouring of public sympathy Cerciello Rega's murder received widespread attention in Italy where he was portrayed as a hero. He had only just returned to duty from his honeymoon, and massive crowds turned out for his funeral at the same church where he had been married just 43 days before.

During half term the show I have been planning all year will be on here in Norwich #FAV18 a small group show by some incredible women. The show comes at parenting and mental health in a very forward approach, this year we have focused on maternal and children’s mental health and the intricacy of this is powerfully represented. Alongside the show is a set of family art workshops and Practitioners seminars, including a The psychology of Domestic abuse and a service user experience seminar. First up 1stOctober is Anti-Bullying Day, bullying at school, work or from a narcissist has a huge impact on a persons wellbeing and can be a stepping stone to different mental health struggles. I have been a bully, a narcs flying monkey, I was bullied at various schools, older boys than girls my age. In our house, we pick apart bullying behaviour and wonder in what way that person is hurting, and discuss how what they are doing is shitty and how to avoid it or not engage. Finding ways to bolster self-esteem, and not let the bullies words be a script for your inner dialogue. Bullying can be incredibly powerful if your family culture has no emotional vocabulary which is where I was until about 3 years ago. Emotional Intelligence Month & Dyslexia Month share October. which I find beautiful because I was bullied by my first school teachers getting called “slow coach” and “lazy bones” when age 7. Many schools later, in uni, I had full dyslexia diagnostic, turns out, I have a really poor working memory. I was stunned when asked to read a few short paragraphs and asked questions after each, how little I had retained. One of the fun bits is writing back to front when typing and writing I’ll start a word with its last letter first. or sometimes I swap the first and last letters around and don’t even notice. Before Dynoboy was born reading occasionally to my siblings was fine, reading out loud at school filled me with dread, sweaty palms and racing pulse, unable to make sense of the word “the” it was uncomfortable for everyone when a temp teacher asked me to read aloud. However, Dynoboy loved books, as soon as he could sit up on his own he was all over them. Enjoying the interaction of being read to. The local libraries are brilliant in Norfolk, it’s there that I got over my inability to read aloud. The repetitive nature of young childrens needs meant I could read some with my eyes closed and did. There did hit a point years later when he learnt to be patient and kind, exhausted bedtime stories with smaller text and longer chapters, that sneaky word THE knotting my tongue again. In those times I wouldn’t have been able to describe how it felt or why reading to and with loved ones was important. There was very little emotional intelligence radiating from the adults around me growing up. Difficult things where discussed by what someone had done to you, not how it or they made you feel. Events and scripts where verbalised but never emotions. WHICH is really scary come to think about it. so glad I escaped that nightmare! 31st HALOWEEEEEEN! Halloween is like Christmas for me and my siblings, we get more excited and the house is more decorated, we do more things together than we do any other time of year. My theory on why it turned out this way is pretty dark. If I feel up to it I’ll make a video telling a spooky story about a creepy little family that found happy in the strangest places. #ThisIsHalloween most likely in my insta stories. @findingavoice

Deep Space Claw Kill the Spare Ratings/Warnings: 1-2nd years (Does fluff count? ) A/N: I think this is sweet; it shows a young Granger-Weasley Family. (Used: Romione/LET'S READ) “Ron! Can you read Rosie her bedtime story tonight?” Hermione called up the stairs, sitting at her desk, papers surrounding her. “Which one?” He called back as Rose ran down the hall to jump in bed. At four years old, she was the cutest thing Ron had ever seen, except for Hugo. “It doesn’t matter! They’re on Rosie’s shelf!” She shouted, before returning to her work. Ron walked into Rose’s room, surprised to see not only Rose, but also Hugo. They were sitting in Rose’s bed, waiting anxiously for their story. He walked over to Rose’s bookshelf and pulled out a random one. Great, it’s the diseased girl. He smiled and sat on the bed across from his children. “Are you lot ready?” He asked, pretending to be his older brother. “If the time is inconvenient I can come back,” he asked snobbishly, and watched his children giggle. “No, Uncle Percy! Read us our story!” Rosie said, and Ron immediately gave into her. He couldn’t remember a time when he hadn’t. “All right. Once upon a time, there was a girl named Cinderella . . .” he started, wondering how far he would make it before he started comparing it to the stories he heard growing up. “Are they asleep?” Hermione asked, peeking her head into Rose’s room. Ron was tucking Rosie in while balancing a sleeping Hugo. He was smiling. “Yeah. I’m glad I didn’t have to read the whole thing, because I can never take the endings seriously,” he admitted, handing Hugo over to his wife. “They’re fairytales. They’re supposed to be magical and far-fetched. It’s why they love them so much,” she told her husband, kissing him briefly before putting Hugo to bed. She would never tell him she already had her fairytale, and that he was her prince. That would make him laugh. Ron never liked fairytales, whereas she loved them. So she went to her prince, who was just looking at his daughter. She was his weak spot, Hermione knew. They sat there a while, talking quietly, looking at their children. It was the one thing they hadn’t made a mess of. It was perfect, and she slept soundly next to Ron that night, until Hugo had a nightmare at three in the morning. It was just another day in her fairytale. Deep Space Claw Kill the Spare Title: A Sort Of Life Ratings/Warnings: 1-2nd years/ Mental disorders and mention of violence Word Count: 792 A/N: I hope you like this, and the style isn't too peculiar for you. It's been in the works a while, so I hope it makes sense. The candy used was 'Love Life'. A man, with a scar on his cheek, but I think he was a boy quite recently, and I wonder when that change happened. He’s holding my hand--there’s a scar there too, on the smooth white skin, and his other hand is wrinkled, not like his hand at all, veins bursting from it like roots from the ground, and I continue to stare, unable to look away from his two strange hands. Slips, one of them, the young one, from my old grip and it brushes a lock of light brown hair behind his ears--he has big ears, that stick out, as do his teeth, but he doesn’t look comical. He reminds me of someone, as if he’s a sculpture modelled on another human being. Once he fell down, tripping over the tray that brings the meals around daily, but that was when he was small, so very small, and the woman who helped him up is now sitting on the other--what’s the word? I can’t remember the word, but it’s there, dancing, teasing on the tip of my tongue. I used to know it well, and it’s warm and it’s comfy and it’s being in someone else’s arms, and never wanting to leave, but now I can’t remember it. I reach forward to bite it, catch it in my mouth, but my teeth don’t snag on the word but on my tongue and I taste the blood. Blood. Only a little, but once there was once lots of it. The first time I saw a bloody body was in a fight, and one guy had something, another word not quite in focus, something that’s usually safe, and soft, and brought to the skin every few days by one of the men or women in the lime green robes, with the bones and crossed wands across it. I used my wand to heal his wounds, the skin sewing itself together, and then I pressed my wand to his temple and made him forget what he had done--how could I have done that? At least I didn’t sew his lips together, which is what someone, don’t know who, or when, sometimes it feels like a year, sometimes it feels like more, has done to me. Each word that passes through the stitches is an escape, blissfully uttered as it flies from the confines of my head, into the real world, but mostly it’s not a word at all, but a half-formed, weak thing, like the echo of a scream. Scream. So loud, so loud, and I can’t get rid of it, clamp my hands to my ears to stop the noise, to pretend that I’m not helpless, to pretend that her body isn’t flying through the air and I’m not powerless to stop it-- Hands on my wrists, pulling my palm from my ear, and I’m staring into her eyes. I’ve stared into these eyes before, many, many times, in many, many places, and the images flash by, the day we met, she’s my boss, I think, I can’t be sure, but I think her a maverick, and she thinks me a stickler for rules, and we shout at each other, and there’s the red scent of danger, as we save each other’s lives, and then I call her infuriatingly spontaneous--what does that mean? I can’t remember what that means, but it must have meant something, to her, that day, because she kissed me. I try to say it again, yearning with my eyes, to let her know that I don’t know her name, but I know I love her. She seems to know as well, because she reaches forward, her ears sticking out, her teeth overlarge, and presses her lips to my cheek. I don’t know where we are, as we cradle each other in our arms. The world seems too bright, and the screaming in my head, her screaming I realise, doesn’t stop, but becomes muted. One hand is being held again by the once-boy, now man. He’s staring at us. I wonder what he’s doing here. What business he has to stare at us so directly, as if his--what’s it called? That beating, pulsing thing inside your body--as if that might be hurting him, but why should it? He has nothing to do with us. Every object I set my eyes on explodes with possibility, uncertainty, memories that I can’t remember whether are lived or imagined, words which fail to frame what I feel in my head, but with this woman I have carved a sort of life from the little that remains to me, and that little that is certain, is the love I feel for her. Deep Space Claw Kill the Spare Candy Heart used: Sweet Home A/N: I have no idea where this came from, Lily, and it’s probably not what you wanted (especially the end) but I hope you enjoy it nevertheless. It’s loosely based on a song, but I won’t tell you which one or else you might guess who I am By the way, this was rather brutally cut, so I might expand this in the future. “Long day?” Hannah Abbott says, placing a Butterbeer in front of Neville. “You could say that,” he replies, grimacing. He usually doesn’t go to the Leaky Cauldron. Too many people. But he needs a drink—badly. And it’s not as busy as it usually is today, which is a first. He laughs quietly, and when she frowns at him questioningly, he says, “It’s... nothing. I just—it’s... strange, being asked about my troubles by an old schoolmate.” He hadn’t spoken to Hannah properly since—when was it? Sixth year? And then she left because of her mother. Hannah turns from him for a second, serving another customer. Then she faces him again. “Well, there's always a first time for everything.” He doesn’t know why he tells her. He hasn’t told Harry, or Ron, or, Merlin forbid, Hermione, so why should he say anything to Hannah Abbott? But he does. Neville tells her everything, everything about Luna. They always had to argue, about petty, tiny things, things that didn't even matter. Of course, it always came down to that. They rowed over who went into the bathroom first. Neville would protest about Luna having showers at the oddest hours while he was trying to sleep. Luna would complain about the strong smell of toast in the kitchen. Neville would try tidying up Luna’s mess. Luna would retaliate by arranging everything even more haphazardly than before. And all those tiny arguments led to an increasing amount of friction between them, and once Neville’s voice became hoarse from yelling, their bickering was replaced with such a deathly quiet that Neville almost preferred the fights. “You need to talk to her,” Hannah says finally, putting a glass of Firewhisky in front of him as he finishes speaking. “I don't know Luna that well, but I know most people would like an apology if someone’s shouted at them.” “But she does it as well,” he says hopelessly. “And what gets at me is that we argue about the most stupid things—” “Don't give up, Neville. You love her, and anyone can see that. Talk to her. Try to make things work.” “And if they don't?” “Just try your best.” He appears outside the door of the flat they share. Tapping the locks with his wand, the door opens with a creak, and he enters quietly. “I’m home,” he calls. She does not reply, and he makes his way through the mess strewn on the floor (the flat is so untidy that he can't even see a square inch of carpet) to the living room, trying not to step on anything, which is not an easy feat. She is sitting at the desk, piles of parchment covering every available surface, including the stools and chairs and the arms of the sofa. When he comes in, she does not even acknowledge his presence. She seems so wrapped up in her work that she probably can't even hear him. “Neville,” she replies quietly, looking up for a millisecond before returning to whatever she’s writing. Neville stands there, in the mess, waiting for her to say something further. But she does not, and the only sound he hears is the annoying scratch of her quill. The silence stretches on, slowly filling with terseness, and the angry words they had exchanged earlier on in the day simply serve to distance them from one another further. “Is there a reason why you’ve been standing there for the last five minutes staring at me?” Luna says abruptly now, her eyes still fixed on what she’s writing. “Aren't we going to even talk about—” “What’s the point?” And Neville realises that Luna is right. There is no point of discussing it. It would only add fuel to the already blazing fire. “But... Luna, we can't go on like this.” “Like what?” she demands, and this time, she looks up and meets his eyes. “All we seem to do is argue.” “No we don’t.” “Yes we do.” “All couples argue—” “Look, you’re doing it now!” Neville points out, and the anger flares up from within him. The fatigue he feels from a long day at Auror training does not help. “Everything I say, you have to disagree with it. We do it all the time. You’re damn near impossible to live with. Yes, I know you think the same about me,” he adds as she opens her mouth to speak. “You—we’re like chalk and cheese, Luna. We don't work together. I love you, damn it, but I just don't think it’s working!” “What are you saying?” “I’m saying...” he pauses. What is he saying? What about what Hannah said? “I’m saying that... maybe, maybe we need to take a... break.” Deep Space Claw Kill the Spare Rating/Warnings: 1st/2nd Years — None Author’s Notes: Oh, the days when Snape was young, innocent, and cared about others more than himself. :/ Severus scanned the area heavily, making sure that Petunia was nowhere in sight. Where Lily was good and wonderful, Petunia was the complete opposite, and he wanted nothing to do with the latter. It was difficult to find time to spend with Lily, so he didn’t want to waste a second squabbling with her surly older sister. She was on a swing, one of her favourite places in the playground. The day was unseasonably warm for May, so the children who normally gathered in the area were inside, hiding from the heat with their lemonade. It was, because of this, a perfect day for a bit of magic. After he had told her of the laws regarding underage magic, it had taken some doing to convince Lily that she wouldn’t get in trouble for a little bit of minor spell-casting. He desperately wanted to run to her and announce his presence, but it was not going to improve her confidence in him as a tutor. Instead, he strode from the bushes behind which he had been hiding after arranging his ill-fitting clothing to be as presentable as possible. She saw him fairly quickly and waved animatedly mid-swing. “Sev, look what I can do!” Lily shouted. Before Severus could ask what she was going to do, Lily launched herself from the swing when it was at the highest point of its arc. She had done this before with stunning success, but this time was different. He knew her and cared about whether she landed safely. However, she was not done. The muscles in his stomach tightened with worry as she turned head over heels mid-air. His fears were quelled when she landed on her feet, albeit awkwardly, and bowed dramatically. Her jubilant smile of triumph made him run the rest of the distance, even though he stopped short and asked dully, “Are you all right?” “I can fly, Sev!” she said, whipping her arms wide as if to show she had wings. “How could I not be fine?” Though his brain screamed the thousand ways she could’ve been injured, Severus nodded in approval. “Your control is strong. You will be the best witch in the world with a wand and some training.” “I hope so,” she replied, a slight wobble in her voice. “What if I’m too Muggle? What if my magic isn’t as good as everyone else’s because my parents aren’t witch and wizard?” Something inside of Severus froze. He knew many things that she didn’t about the acceptance of Muggle-borns in the wizard world, but he almost didn’t have the heart to tell her. Instead, he plucked a twig laden with blossoms from a nearby cherry tree and placed it in her hands. She looked at him with curiosity, but he gestured toward the tiny branch. “Visualise the cherries. Will them into existence. Don’t let it take no for an answer.” Nodding solemnly, Lily squeezed her eyes shut and began murmuring quietly to herself. At first, a few of the blooms shrivelled and fell dead into the grass. Severus was glad Lily couldn’t see them, especially when, after half of the flowers had failed, the remaining ones began to develop into tiny green teardrops and finally into rich, plump-looking cherries. He swept the wilted ones away from them with his hand before saying, “Open your eyes.” Lily looked down at her hands in wonder. “I . . . I did it. I did it!” With a squeak of delight, she dropped the branch in the grass and wrapped her arms around him. Severus was unprepared for her embrace, but as he acclimated to this unaccustomed contact, he hoped that she never lost that spark.

Flacco begins post-Super Bowl whirlwind Baltimore Ravens QB named Super Bowl MVP Welcome to celebrity status, Joe Flacco. He's going to Disney World on Monday. And then to New York for an appearance on "The David Letterman Show" before taking part in the Ravens' Super Bowl victory parade Tuesday morning. When the whirlwind tour stops, he might have enough time to realize what he just accomplished. "I got about an hour and a half sleep," Flacco said at a press conference at the New Orleans Convention Center 10 hours after he walked off the Superdome turf. "No it hasn't sunk in. It's just a surreal moment. Hopefully in about a week, we can start to wind down and enjoy it." The even-tempered Flacco denied surprise that he was the Super Bowl MVP. "I was surprised I got a car," he said of the 2014 Chevrolet Corvette Stingray. Flacco, in his fifth season, was presented the Pete Rozelle Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of Super Bowl XLVII by commissioner Roger Goodell Monday morning, passing for three touchdowns in the first half as Baltimore built a 21-3 lead in the second quarter. "It was a dinner we had at a place called Tark's in Baltimore," coach John Harbaugh said of the moment he decided to draft Flacco. "Joe impressed me as a guy who was determined and had a lot to prove. Joe has come up the hard way. ... I just felt like he was a guy who'd do whatever it took to overcome whatever came. And that's proven to be true. "I think he'll be the same way with his success." Flacco finished the 2012 playoffs with 11 touchdown passes, tying Joe Montana (1989) and Kurt Warner (2008) for the most by any player in a single postseason. "I don't think we ever lost faith this is where we were going to be," Flacco said. "This is where we envisioned ourselves." Management for the Ravens, from owner Steve Biscotti to general manager Ozzie Newsome, calmly insisted in the weeklong buildup to Sunday's game that the contract wouldn't be an issue. If the two sides continue at an impasse in negotiations, Flacco would be retained using the franchise tag. The exact figures for franchise players at every position aren't known until March just before free agency, but the exclusive franchise marker for quarterbacks is projected at $20 million. "I'm pretty optimistic," Flacco said. "But who knows, there's all types of crazy things that could happen with these things. This is a great organization, great city and I look forward to being here." Biscotti said he will "trust in Ozzie" that a deal will get done but also pointed out that Peyton Manning was twice given the franchise tag at a similar, salary-cap eating value from the Colts when negotiations didn't lead to a long-term deal. "Me and Steve have had some good talks over the past few months," Flacco said. Flacco, who typically avoids the spotlight and the celebrity of being an NFL quarterback, and his wife have a young son. They found out two weeks ago that they are expecting a second child. He said he's still the same guy he was before hoisting the Lombardi Trophy, and looks forward to getting back to normalcy. He does understand that won't happen any time soon, a realization that hit him in the early morning hours when he finally hit the pillow in an exhausted state but couldn't close his eyes. "I went to spend some time with the family," Flacco said. "I went to the postgame party. I got to meet Jay-Z and Beyonce ... that was pretty cool, I don't think that would've happened if we had lost the game." Distributed by Internet Broadcasting and The Sports Xchange. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

After her mother, father and brother died within five years of one another, Bonnie Raitt put her music aside. The seven years since her last studio album, "Souls Alike," represent the only extended pause in a career that began with her first contracted gig in 1969, when she earned $75 for playing in Philadelphia's Pennypack Park. She eventually returned to the studio with producer Joe Henry, a singer-songwriter known for his earthy stamp on records by veterans such as Solomon Burke and Bettye LaVette. Four songs from those sessions, elegiac ballads that include two Bob Dylan covers, landed on Ms. Raitt's new album, "Slipstream," due April 10. She rounded out the album with her own productions, many of them designed to stoke the energy of live audiences (a tour begins in May). "Ain't Gonna Let You Go" was hastily rearranged around a fuzzed-out John Lee Hooker riff because it "wasn't sounding tough enough," says Ms. Raitt. Her singing adds an ache to the reggae lilt of Gerry Rafferty's "Right Down the Line." Credit: Library and Archives, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum The stardom that came after her "Nick of Time" album swept the 1990 Grammys marks a clear dividing line in her career, but there have been constants in her music. She still cites the influence of the rawboned sound of Mississippi Fred McDowell, Sippie Wallace and other greats whom she first met and performed with as a young woman, a Radcliffe dropout-turned-blues singer. There's also the tangy sound of her familiar slide guitar tone, usually produced by her brown Fender Stratocaster and an old tube amplifier. "Then you just hang your hand on the guitar and it's like having an extension of your voice. You can roar and cry and whisper. It's very versatile and really personal," she says. Recently Ms. Raitt, 62, spoke about how she chooses songs to record and why the piano is her go-to instrument at home. Below, an edited transcript. The Wall Street Journal: As you're looking for songs to record, do you have an organizing system? Ms. Raitt: For the first the 30 years or so, I took all comers. Cassettes, cassettes, cassettes piled in big boxes. I'd take a shoe box full of them in the car. I'd know whether it was something for me by the time we'd get halfway through the first verse or chorus. In all those years I never was able to find or record a song from an unprofessional person sending me a tape. Now, everyone can make a CD and you can't distinguish. The old CD player in the kitchen gets the most use now. Pop 'em in, pop 'em out. It's a lot of research. I ask friends and other people in the same artistic gene pool. My house looks like a hurricane usually for a year before I make a record. I wish I had an assistant that had the same taste, but it's just me. Did you ever wish songwriting was a bigger part of your identity? No, it didn't even occur to me. I had higher standards than the stuff I could come up with. When you're starting with Randy [Newman] and Jackson [Browne] and John Prine and Mose Allison, the bar is raised pretty high. I grew up with a dad [Broadway star John Raitt] who sang other people's music, and I loved Aretha and Ray Charles, who were primarily interpreters of other writers. When you find a song that you love, you just have to do it—why would I try to match it? When I wrote more of the songs in the '90s—"Nick of Time" and other songs I was surprised I came up with—it was because nobody else was saying what I wanted to say. "Down by You" is the only song you co-wrote on the new album. What did you want to say with that? That was about someone I know, who will remain nameless, who complains all the time. It's so clear to me that people don't take responsibility for the reactions they cause. That can sound like a self-help admonition, but this song was rocking so hard that I had to put something to it that had some bite. My friend Randall Bramblett came up with the second part of the first verse: "Step out on the track in the pouring rain and when you get run over you blame the train." It would have been more lucrative if you wrote all your own songs. You got that right. It hasn't bugged me except when I happen to look at how much I have to pay out for publishing. But I'm sure I would have been considered a more significant artist if I was a singer-songwriter. It's just not the way I roll. I love being a curator and a musicologist. People write me letters and thank me for turning them on to Fred McDowell and Sippie Wallace, and that's partly my job this time around. When you lost your mother, father and brother, was it your instinct to put your grief into music? The last thing I wanted to do was think of a new project. I wanted to go to a concert and not think about sitting in. I really admire Rosanne [Cash] and others who have been able to write beautiful tribute songs to people they miss. I don't rule that out. But for me I wanted to put that whole agenda aside. What about privately? Does it comfort you to pick up the guitar? No. I tend to be freer on the piano. I never took guitar lessons, so my reach exceeds my grasp—what I hear in my head I don't always know how to play. But I love to play over something else. I'm not a self-starter. I get kind of bored with the same three folk chords that I know. You're in the same age range, roughly speaking, as some of your blues mentors were when you met them. I learned from records. They didn't show me chords. The blues people I was lucky enough to hang out with taught me more about life and drinking and relationships and racism. I definitely learned to drink from hanging around with a bunch of guys in their 60s. I sounded like a little bird soprano, but I wanted to sound like Memphis Minnie and Etta James, so I learned to smoke and drink and try to get older really fast. It seemed to be working there for a few years. [Ms. Raitt has been sober since 1987.] I'm honored when young people say they've gone to school on slide guitar with my records. But people get their influence from my live shows and records and YouTube, not me personally. I walk around with a hat on. People don't know it's me. Write to John Jurgensen at [email protected]

Press Release – Fellowship of Baptist Churches in Papua Press Release: Fellowship of Baptist Churches in Papua 1 November 2012 “Indonesian Security Forces Must STOP Committing Crimes Against Humanity in Papua” The Central Body for the Fellowship of Baptist Churches are very concerned about Indonesian security … Fellowship of Baptist Churches in Papua 1 November 2012 “Indonesian Security Forces Must STOP Committing Crimes Against Humanity in Papua” The Central Body for the Fellowship of Baptist Churches are very concerned about Indonesian security forces towards God’s people in Papua. The cause for this concern came after General Kelly Kwalik killed in Timika on December 16, 2009 by Joint TIM – TNI, Indonesian Police, BRIMOB and Detachment 88, and Musa Mako Tabuni, Chairman of the West Papua National Committee (KNPB) were killed by Detachment 88 on June 14, 2012 at Waena, Jayapura, Papuans are confronted with strange and uncivilised events such as a bomb discoveries, bombings, and the arrest of Papuan civilians on suspicion of possessing ammunition throughout the entirety of Papua. • The bombing of the parliament Jayawijaya building on 1 September 2012 at 02:15 WIT by OTK; • the throwing of bombs at the Jayawijaya police station traffic on 18 September 2012 at 20:55 WIT; • the discovery of a bomb in Timika, Friday, October 19, 2012, • the discovery of three bombs in Manokwari on October 9, 2012. • Explosion of three homemade bombs in Sorong on Sunday, October 28, 2012 at 22.00. As of October 30, 2012 there has been the discovery of 7.62 calibre ammunition in as many as 9 points, 5 TJ 5.6 bullets in as much as 121 points, 5.6 servant bullets in 20 points and the arrest of four youths known by the initials DIH (26), a resident of Organda, YP (28), a resident Sampan Timika, AK (24) a woman, a resident of Organda, and YJW (27) a Karubaga citizen. (Cenderwasih Pos News, Wednesday, October 31, 2012). On Wednesday, October 31, 2012 and the Papua Regional Police arrested a civilian with the initials OG (27) for the alleged possession of Jayapura PTC ammunition. From the whole combination of “scenarios” and engineered changes that feature indigenous Papuans as owners of ammunition and bomber gives the VERY clear impression of a SYSTEMATIC STRATEGY being applied by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia through the power of the security apparatus with multiple objectives, agenda and targets, namely: • A systematic effort to thwart the Papuan demands to work towards a peace dialogue; • Systematic efforts to destroy and criminalize peaceful struggle for self-determination rights (the right to self-determination) of the people of Papua; • A systematic effort to make the peaceful struggle for independence of Papuans become known as “terrorists”, so that the international community does not support the struggle of the people of Papua, and the Indonesian security forces instead become supported with funding from the Government of the United States and Australia, which has been instrumental in training and sponsorship of Detachment 88 to fight against “terrorists” in Indonesia. All ammunition and bombs which have been found and detonated were not owned and operated by indigenous Papuans, but there are several false owners, suppliers and urgers of young Papuans to give truth to the “justification” that those involved in the struggle of the people of Papua are in fact criminals and “terrorists”. • The entire Papuan society, migrants and indigenous Papuans, do not easily believe that the bombs which were detonated and found, and ammunition recovered from the hands of indigenous Papuans is not true. because the struggle to find justice and political rights for the people of Papua is found through peace, which has already been shown to be true, and not through violence, which would only be a backwards change. • The security forces of the Republic of Indonesia must stop committing crimes against humanity by an engineered situation of bombs and ammunition discovery at the houses of indigenous Papuans. • The Government of the Republic of Indonesia immediately open a space for an unconditional peace dialogue between the Government of Indonesia and the Papuans, mediated by a neutral third party, as a political solution to the Special Autonomy has FAILED to answer the complexity of the issue of Papua. Peaceful dialogue with the following conditions: - Immediately release all political prisoners such as Filep Karma, Forkorus Yaboisembut and friends unconditionally. - Immediate withdrawal of all non-organic troops, which are not balanced by the number of indigenous Papuans. - The Government of the Republic of Indonesia immediately allow access for foreign journalists and humanitarian workers to visit Papua. - The Government of the Republic of Indonesia immediately inviting and allow the United Nation Special Rapporteur to visit Papua. The Central Body for the Fellowship of Baptist Churches in Papua, Sofyan Yoman Socratez

“It’s good that in Argentina there is a little bit of everything. There is the white and nearly all sorts of red ones. But, there is something important: every country must have its personality, and Malbec is the characteristic red wine in Argentina. This is a key for a winemaking country. Never anybody could say that Malbec isn’t good in Argentina; even not all of them are the same quality. We also may make Merlot, Tempranillo, Cabernet or Syrah, but the base of Argentine will always be Malbec” Although Malbec seems to have found the ideal terroir to express its full varietal prowess in Argentina, its birthplace is France. There, this grape is known as Cot or Auxerroir and is mainly grown in the Cahors region. Due to its intense color and dark tones, French Malbec wines were dubbed “the black wines of Cahors”. However, it never achieved greatness in Europe. Undoubtedly, soil an climate conditions in Argentina are more favourable than in its homeland, which is the reason why Malbec has become Argentina’s signature wine and its most planted red grape. In Argentina, from Malbec come profound, full-bodied and structured wines. Plum is one of the characteristics of this variety. Aromas of black fruits, ripe cherry, red fruits, anise and violet during its youth evolve into aromas of cinnamon and touches of vanilla with ageing. Mendoza hosts many Malbec types that suit the diversity of soil-climate combinations. It is possible to discover different and distinctive personalities resulting from the different types of soil they grow in. In order to develop its full potential, Malbec requires a wide variation of day and night time temperatures. Higher altitude terroirs yield wines with optimum acidity, lots of colors and sweet and abundant tannins, wines capable of aging wonderfully in barrels. Every country always has some wines that are a local myth. Here, this variety is Malbec. Because of its uniqueness and the qualities that achieves in the soils of Mendoza, Malbec is the emblematic variety of Argentina and an important reference point of wines worldwide. Its grape stocks are versatile, thus it’s possible to make young wines, pink, sparkling wines and also some sort of wine to be aged in barrels during long periods. Its color is basically intense red, with shades of purple and blue, especially when they are young. We may recognize it for its fragrances that recall the smell of very mature plums or the marmalades of blackberry or cherry, when it’s young we can be impressed for a kind of harshness, if older; it will be a mature wine of deep complexity. Its romance with wood will bring to our minds the aroma of chocolate, vanilla, leather and coffee. We may be sure that we are tasting Malbec when we feel a generous dark wine that is at the same time equilibrated and passionate. It is undoubtedly ours and we like to grind it to the world. It’s time to discover it and taste it personally. National types of Malbec could be divided into three principal groups. We will give you some gastronomic combinations for each one. -Young Malbec. It has an elegant fruity expression and touches of typical flowers like violet, joyful and middle aftertaste. This sort of red wine, which regularly doesn’t have any oak, matches with appetizers and all sort of snacks (with sausages and some cheese varieties), simple recipes (pizzas), meats in barbecue, pasta with tasty fishes from river, like those of the Litoral Zone. - Malbec Rosé. Perfect to start lunch, an informal party or picnic and go on enjoying it in recipes with avocado, salty fishes (sardine, anchovies), liver with onions, chicken, turkey, marine rice, « paella » and food made with rabbit. - Malbec aged slightly in wood (three or four months) enough time for strong bodied wine, even they don’t have the complexity taste of those that lied in cellar for a long time. The risotto with mashes, different ways of preparing the Patagonia lamb or lamb that comes from the « pampas » zone and meats with sausages are a good proposal to join this wine. - Great Malbec. With not less than ten months ageing. Meals include hatchery and wild game (deer, wild boar, hare, pheasant, quail) and native wild meat (rhea, guanaco, flame) is enhanced with these red ripe, structured and complex.

Four years ago, when they hired Cassandra Goodson, Florida Gulf Coast University Men’s and Women’s cross country was given a new life. Evidence of that is easy to find: female athletes that she has coached hold all of the top five school records in the Freshman, Sophomore, and Junior class, and two of five (1st and 5th place) in the Senior category. With the men, the evidence of her influence is even more irrefutable: in the 5K (all ten), 4 mile (all), 8K (all ten), 8K Freshman (all 5), 8K Sophomore (all 5), 8K Junior (3 of 5; 1st, 3rd, and 5th,), and 8K Senior (all 5) occurred while she was coach. Today, thanks to the efforts of its now veteran coach, the Eagles are one of Florida’s most promising collegiate running programs. Goodson-Harbin—she has since gotten married—is a dedicated and knowledgeable leader, who brings with her a successful career built from the spikes up. While in high school (Chaminade College Prep in Chatsworth, California), she was a four-time All-Conference selection, during which she steadily lowered her 5K time until it was 18:53. Next came two years at Diablo Valley (Junior) College, where she placed second at the NORCAL XC Championships in her second year, and was voted MVP. In track, she was the school record holder in the 10,000, and won the 2003 NORCAL Outdoor 10,000 Championship. Upon ending her junior college career, she went on to the University of Southern Mississippi (2003-2005), and had an immediate impact on their cross country team, finishing as the first Eagle in all but one meet. (Coincidentally, FGCU has not only the same mascot, but the same logo.) In two years, she had nine top-ten performances, and ran a cross country lifetime best of 18:01.7, winning the UNO Invitational on October 2, 2004. In track, she still holds the school’s outdoor records in the 5000 (17:31.81) and 10,000 (37:01.65), and led Southern Mississippi to their highest finish ever in Conference USA, 2nd. Upon graduating from USM, with a degree in psychology, she decided to become a full-time runner. “I trained and ran at USATF races,” Cassandra explained in a recent interview, “devoting all my time to running. My training had noticeably improved. I wasn’t racing as much, so I got much better. It was definitely a good experience, but it was humbling. I got to race against the best, and it taught me a lot, especially about rest and how important it is. An example of these races is one of the most competitive road races in America, the (September 17, 2005) Cow Harbor, L.I. 10K. That morning 3265 men and women tested their breaking point on an extremely hilly course, and Cassandra finished 36th overall. Casandra, then 23, was 6th among the elite women, in 37:15.3. At a distance that favors the more experienced athlete, she was at least eight years younger than anyone ahead of her, which hinted at a promising future. “At the end of the year, I was in the best shape of my life. I was ready to PR big. My quarters were much faster than in college, like 65s for ‘hammer quarters’ (every fourth one), and running the others in 69 to 70s. But I got hurt, a tendon in my heel (peroneal tendonitis), which I call the ‘IT band of the lower leg.’ It felt like a rock in my shoe, so it really hurt to the point where I couldn’t run. Obviously, I ran a bad race that day. “Now I tell this to my athletes: ‘it’s better to train a little less and still be able to compete, than to be in the best shape of your life and on the sidelines,’ especially when I think they’re getting greedy and pressing it. “Protecting athletes, up front, is something I think about. I don’t hold a big roster to see who survives. Every athlete matters, and so has value to the program. I really do my best to individualize training, within reason. There are so many variables that a coach can manage: mileage, intensity, and density of training (for example, the amount of rest between quality—read: hard--sessions). “This is the main problem. They (the athletes) think that the coach has all the answers. But I encourage them to read about the sport, about how to gain the knowledge that will help them; research, be a student of the sport. Don’t jump into anything like a blog. A guy will say anything. Find out from credible people and come back to the coach with that newfound information, and share it. If you told me that this cue works with you, let’s integrate the information into your running program, use it in drills and help to improve your running. Most of it may have to do with the psychology of the sport, which you can research. Different approaches will take hold and resonate.” What she experienced as a result of her short “professional” career was indeed unfortunate for the athlete, but was instrumental to her development as a future coach, because, soon after that, Cassandra the runner, became Cassandra the coach. “Wayne Williams, who was the head coach while I was running at Southern Mississippi, hired me. He was the best. He’d been there for years, and at Alabama before that…he’s been around a long time. I coached there for two years, and he taught me a lot. I liked Hattiesburg, and it was fun.” Keven M. Stephens, who was Williams’ assistant coach, and is now Southern Mississippi’s head coach, still remembers Cassandra and her importance to their program. “As a cross country coach at Southern Miss Cassandra did a great job getting the best out of her athletes,” he wrote me. “She was very passionate about distance running and used that passion and hard work to improve her team. It doesn't surprise me that she has been successful at Florida Gulf Coast University.” One of those “improvements” alluded to by Stephen was a young lady named Parris Hodges. Cassandra remembers her well. “I had a girl at Southern Mississippi.Her name was Parris Hodges. She was very injury prone. She had (chronic) compartment syndrome. Our trainer suggested that recruiting her might be a gamble. But I researched compartment syndrome, and found that she should not have a lot of impact with the ground. “She came in running 19:48 (for 5K). I had her doing only 25 miles a week, supplemented with a lot of functional strength training, and cross training. After a year and a half, she ran around 17:45 (17:46.16, taking 2nd at the April 19, 2008 LSU Alumni Gold Meet) and nearly broke my school record. That was a good feeling; helping someone do that. Less was more with her, which, of course, is not true with everyone. Everyone is different. Some like high mileage; they thrive on it. But others don’t need it, and in her case, could get hurt and not reach their full potential.” “Parris, after I left, transferred to Idaho State.” After two years as an assistant at USM, a position opened up at Florida Gulf Coast University. “With this opportunity (at FGCU) popping up, I saw that I could be head of an entire program. It was a relatively new program and school. It was exciting. I could build a legacy. I told the kids: ‘Every time you run, you make history.’ “It was a big change. The program was poorly funded, so I was worried about that. However, the way the school was growing, I hoped that cross country would grow with it. “In my second year, my girls won their first Division 1 race in history. That year, my men also won their first. Photographers were there, taking pictures and documenting it. “Every year, the team has gotten better, but so has the (A-Sun) conference with it.” Last year (2010), despite all previous meet results to the contrary, the team’s A-Sun Conference performance—the Women finished sixth, the Men eighth—was disheartening. “For the Men (and to a degree, the Women), the conference (meet) was a big disappointment. We were hoping to do better, but we had a lot of injuries and health issues. It was the unluckiest of situations. “Megan Thies”--who owns the top 4 junior 5K records, and leads the senior 5K record list-- “twisted her ankle the morning of the Conference. Gilbert Chemaoi had a stress reaction (a condition that precedes a fracture). Before it got any worse, we got him off his feet and rested him. But he broke it at the conference meet. Dino Bozzone, from New Zealand, had some health issues. He was really fatigued. He sort of bonked out as soon as he got to (the climate of) south Florida. “But we’re moving forward. I find that it had a positive element. It brought the team together, built camaraderie, and made them more determined this year. It also gave them a greater sense of purpose. They’re out there together, like a brotherhood. They care about each other and don’t want to let the others down. In this year’s season opener—the first since the 2010 A-Sun—the Eagles scored big, their men’s team winning over a field that included the University of Miami (FGCU 30 [1-2-6-8-13-14-20], Miami 38 [3-5-7-11-12-19-22]), the women second (Miami 29 [2-3-7-8-9-13-22, FGCU 51 [4-5-11-14-17-20-25]). Of the Eagle scorers, on the men’s side four are sophomores, the other a freshman; for the women one is a freshman, three are sophomores, and only one a junior, evidence that the future is indeed bright. “I treat it kind of organically; just let it happen. I just hope that this team continues to learn and improve, and in the end find that running at FGCU makes them better people, not just better runners.” With a mission statement like that, it’s no wonder that runners, literally, come from near and far to run for FGCU. Argeo Cruz, for example, could conceivably run home to Immokalee for the weekend. Granted, it would be a long run--a very long run--so he usually uses a car when he wants to watch his former team compete, and they sometimes reciprocate. Members of the Immokalee cross country team were on hand to see Cruz finish first, in 20:25.1, at the aforementioned FGCU Invitational season opener on September 2nd. Casandra says this about Cruz: “Argeo comes from a community that is full of pride. He was excited about coming to a team that was new, and for which he could make an immediate impact. This is something that he did.” “My main reason for coming here was that my Mom didn’t want me to go too far from home,” admitted Argeo candidly. “FGCU was my first choice. For my first race this year,” the FGCU Invitational, “almost my whole high school team was there to cheer for me. It was a big inspiration, both for me and for them. I’m really glad I stayed close to home.” In that 2011 season-opener, he was the first of a trio of sophomores that led the Eagles to the team title. The next finisher was Gilbert Chemaoi. At home, Gilbert attended Kirobon Secondary School, near Nakuru, Kenya. He started his college experience at Eastern Kentucky, but transferred to FGCU in the fall of 2010, and is now majoring in nursing. Last season he was a redshirt freshman, and at the end of the season competed at the A-Sun Championships in Spartanburg, South Carolina. It was there that I first met him, and he told me about his close friendship with Gilbert Kemboi, who is the top runner at the University of South Carolina Upstate. “We trained and raced together all the time,” he explained. “When I left from Eastern Kentucky, I came here so that I could run against him. I also get to see Erick Kigen (Belmont), and a few girls (that he knows from Kenya). But the boys and I grew up together.” All are underclassmen, so their friendship will continue. But while Chamboi got to spend time with his friends at the A-Sun Championship, running it wasn’t all pleasurable. “I had a stress fracture. I did not run my times, 24:30. I ran like 26.” Kemboi won the meet in 24:00.84, Kigen was tenth in 25:22, and Chamboi 52nd in 26:50.69. But this is a different season and Chamboi is optimistic about its outcome. “I tried last week, on Friday. I ran like a 20 (20:39.8),” for four miles. “I’m pretty much there.” Chris Rudloff, a sophomore like Argeo and Gilbert, lives in Ormond Beach and ran for Mainland High School. It was while there that he claimed the 5 Star Conference Championship his sophomore, junior, and senior years. In the FGCU Invitational, he was the third Eagle finisher--sixth overall--in 21:05. “I also considered UNF and Embry Riddle, maybe UWF for awhile, but I didn’t want to go to a big school,” Rudloff explained. “I didn’t want to be distracted. FGCU fit everything perfectly; not too close or far, a decent sized school so I could get academic help if I needed it…and I liked the campus and the coach. After my visit here, I was pretty much set about going here.” “Chris is also full of pride and determination,” said Cassandra. “He’s as tough as I’ve seen.” Rudloff’s first impressions of Harbin? “She just seemed very genuine and was very sweet. She wanted to connect. She had a goal as a coach, and would be hard when she had to be. She had a program that she wanted to improve. She seemed balanced between her coaching and her personality.” Chris ran the 5K very aggressively while in high school, and had a devastating finishing kick. He ran his fastest time (15:45) when he won the November 7, 2009 3A District 7 Meet. Moving up to 8K, he seems to have made a smooth transition, a feat he attributes to Cassandra. “I wouldn’t say there were any big bumps. The summer program that she gave me coming into my freshman year was definitely more than I did in high school, but I was comfortable going into the 8K. It definitely hurt more going up, but I just ran it like my 5K and then hung on for two miles more.” Of course, the men’s team represents only half ofCassandra’s responsibilities, and at any given time she is prepared to shift full attention to the women’s team. “Barrie Cohen is currently our women’s school record holder. Hers is kind of a fun story. She came here running 19:20* out of high school, and has really blossomed. She ran 18:13 at the (2010) Conference Championships. This season, her junior year, I think she’s trying to learn more about her race, what she needs to work on, and improve her fitness. For her, she needs to be a true #1 runner, and improve on her times wherever she goes.” “When I first came down to FGCU, Cassandra took me on a tour of the school, and I saw how beautiful it was,” Barrie reminisced, “especially the waterfront. She made me comfortable, and I think this was one of the most important things, especially because I came down from New Jersey and for me this would be a home away from home for four years. She did this by showing me how personalized her program was. She wants each runner to reach their own potential, and that is what I was looking for. “I’ve seen a huge improvement here. I believe in her training system-- I followed it to a “T”--and she told me that if I keep working, I would continue to improve, and that I would get the most out of my running. The more I put into running, the more I would get out of it.” The same can be said about another junior, Shannon Compher. Compher, a 2009 graduate of Hagerty High School in Oviedo, Florida, first broke 19 at the October 29, 2008 Seminole Athletic Conference Championship (she placed first in 18:59.29). Under Goodson-Harbin, she lowered that to 18:29.72 at the Atlantic Sun Conference Championships (October 30th, 2010), placing 20th. “This was the furthest (from home) university that I looked at,” Compher said. “The other coaches, whom I met, weren’t as personable. Cassandra really kept in touch with me about what I was used to (running) in high school, and during the summer helped me to plan what I was going to run while I was here. She always remembered things about my family, and asked me about my personal life. I like that about her.” Like some of the athletes mentioned, it doesn’t hurt Harbin’s recruiting efforts that she does so from Florida’s newest and most attractive campus. One bonus, for those athletes who’ve never visited there, is North Lake Village, which might just as well have been transported from an island in the Caribbean. Right outside Harbin’s office is a white sandy beach; where swimming, wakeboarding, skiing, and tubing are de rigueur. Next is the expansive—and well-planned--FGCU campus, built on 750 acres, quite close to Florida’s Everglades. (Their hockey team is called the Everblades.) True, it’s hot, but during cross country season, so is most, if not all of Florida. So, whether training in the morning or evening, it has miles of safe, well-lit places to run and bike, and its roads in turn lead to many more well-lit avenues for training. So, has Cassandra Goodson-Harbin landed in coaching heaven, or what? “I see the potential in the University. I love my job, runners, and the people I work with. It’s an exciting time here.” *10th in 19:20 at the NJSIAA South Sectional Championships on November 3, 2007

It seems there are big perks to renting bikes to get around central San Antonio. Bill Phillips lives about 2 miles away from the B-cycle station at the Pearl Brewery. He said he drives his car down to rent a bike almost every day and then cruises around the city. "I really like the fact that I don't have to air up my tires or put my bike in my car or anything. It's ready to go," he said. Paul Young said he's been taking advantage of the bike program since it launched in March of 2011. "When I do jobs downtown, I can ride for free, ride the cycle and avoid paying parking, so that's another great benefit," he said. Laurence Doxsey, the director of San Antonio's Office of Environmental Policy, said the bike program is proving to be a success. He said about 100 bikes are checked out every day. "It's still building but it is a very good performance," he said, "We are nationally in a leadership role in regards to how this is working here in San Antonio." It's working so well, city council has approved adding $27,000 to the program for a total contract value of $1,287,746. Right now, there are 23 bike stations Doxsey said the money will add one more station and about 10 new bikes. "It only gets better for those that use the system because you have more places to go with the bike in more places," he said. The location of the new station hasn't been decided but Doxsey said it will likely be near the Westin Center downtown. He said it should be up and running in the next several months. He also said a large project is in the works to add bike stations along the mission reach. That project is being paid for with grant funds and should be complete at the end of the year or early next year.

PILOT MOUNTAIN — East Surry’s Madison Moore shot an 82 to win the Northwest Conference Golf Tournament Wednesday. Regular season matches cover nine holes, but for the conference final, the girls played all 18 holes at Pilot Knob Park. Moore came into the day 15 strokes behind North Surry’s Kasie Tolbert in the player of the year race. She opened with a 42 on the front nine, while Tolbert struggled a bit to post a 46. North Coach Daniel Johnson said Kasie was having issues with her swing. She felt like she had a fundamental problem with her timing, getting her hips and shoulders working in unison, he explained. There is a fine line between scoring a par and a bogey, he noted. A putt might roll just short, or a bad bounce in the fairway can make a player lay up instead of going for the green. Kasie wound up bogeying nearly every hole on the front nine. On the turn, however, Tolbert improved and shot a 39, the lowest score of the day for either nine holes. Still, she couldn’t make up ground on Moore, who was tied with her on the back nine until the final hole and finished with a 40. Playing with them was South Stokes’ Megan Mabe, who posted a 41 and 42 to finish second at 83. North’s Gatlin Hiatt shot 40 and 44 for an 84 to tie for third place with the Sauras’ Brooke Kiger (44 and 40). Gatlin had one of her best days, said Johnson. This was the first time this season that she beat Kasie for the team low. Tolbert’s 85 placed her fifth, while South Stokes’ Brooke Martin was sixth with an 88. None of the other 12 players on the course came close to those scores. The Sauras’ Maggie Abbott was seventh at 98. Teammate Nicole Rogers was eighth with a 102. Tying for ninth place were three players with a 103: Brooke Bowman and Elizabeth Shelton, East Surry, and Sarah Holleman, North Surry. East Coach Chad Freeman said that Moore played well — just not quite as well as she wanted to do. This season, the sophomore has run into a barrier trying to reach the 30s and had a 40 on the back nine, he said. She already has a nice game, and she’s barely 15 years old, he pointed out. Any flaws she has in her game now are more mental than physical. That’s to be expected since she’s so young going against 17- and 18-year-olds, he added. With its strong performance by all five players, South Stokes easily won the team competition. The Sauras scored a 255, well ahead of North Surry’s 272 and East Surry’s 288. Mount Airy didn’t have enough players to post a team score because of scheduling conflicts. The match was supposed to occur on Monday, but rain caused a delay, said Bears Coach Tommye Phillips. Unfortunately, Mount Airy held PSATs Wednesday, and Lauren Hodges and Erica Carlisle were knocked out of playing. Catherine Scott shot a 109 (55 and 54) for the Bears, and Nina Bowers had a 119 (59 and 60). In the regular season, the teams use a shotgun start where threesomes are spread around the course and start simultaneously. However, the regional event next week uses a PGA-style format where players start from either the first tee or the 10th and wait their turn to begin. So, the conference tournament used that format to prepare the girls for regional. Pilot Knob Park will host the regional Monday as well. Play begins at 9 a.m. for the 1A/2A Central Regional Tournament. About 55-56 girls are qualified to participate. Reach Jeff Linville at [email protected] or 719-1920.

The Definitive List (Just Kidding)Jan 5, 2004 Write an essay on this topic. The Bottom Line The bottom line? Greatness in film artistry is as immutable as it is in painting and music, because it is right there to be seen and heard. These are not in any particular order, because to try and order them would be an exercise in insanity not to mention hubris. Here are the ten films I believe collectively represent the pinnacle of cinematic achievement: 1. 2001: A Space Odyssey - Kubrick's masterpiece and arguably the greatest film ever made. It offered two things not seen before in film: A genuinely mind-bending experience and a scientific metaphor for God. 2. Lawrence of Arabia - David Lean's best film, and along with Spartacus that rarest of things: An unembarrassing epic. Also, the moment when Lawrence blows out the match and it becomes the sun above the sands of Arabia is one of the greatest scene transitions ever put to film. Last but not least, Peter O'Toole's magnificent performance...and Omar Sharif's....and Anthony Quinn's.... 3. Dr. Strangelove Or, How I Stopped Worrying and Learned to Love the Bomb - Forget Kubrick, forget Sellers, forget the detail in Ken Adams amazing production design. Here's an example of the triple-canopy brilliance of this film's script, the thing that distinguishes this film: General Ripper describing how he withholds his "precious bodily fluids" from women to an RAF Officer named "Mandrake." Why is this brilliant? Because the legend of the mandrake root is that it only grew beneath men who'd been hung, and men who are hung ej*aculate one last time, said seed dripping down into the ground from which would spring the mandrake root. Now THAT is deep satire! And Terry Southern and Kubrick had the brilliance to put that in the script as a throw-away! 4. Vertigo - Hitch's best, in my opinion, and one of the best films ever made about romantic obsession. Then there is Jimmy Stewart's unusual (and unusually intense) performance, and the tragedy at the heart of the plot. 5. Intolerance - D.W. Griffith did things in this film that have to be seen to be believed, especially if you want to believe they were achieved in 1916. His innovations with the camera were bravura, as was his sense of scale. This film could not be exactly re-produced today without costing in excess of a billion dollars. 6. Annie Hall - Yes, that's right: Annie Hall. Why? Because it is Woody Allen at the peak of his powers, because it manages to encompass every type of comedy in a virtuoso melding of script, performance and direction, and because it is arguably the funniest American movie ever made. Kentucky Fried Movie, Young Frankenstein and Duck Soup come close, but miss by a cigar. 7. Seven Samurai - Mifune directed by Kurosawa when both were at their best, in a film the plot of which has been mimicked over and over. Its influence alone makes it worthy of inclusion. 8. Citizen Kane - Well it had to be here, didn't it? No list of this sort is complete without a genuflection at the Altar of the Boy Genius, even though this reviewer believes that even at his best Welles wasn't half the filmmaker Stanley Kubrick was on the rare occasion he was mediocre. Nevertheless, there was enough new in this film, and enough of it is still fresh, to warrant continued inclusion on anyone's list of the Ten Greatest. 9. The Wild Bunch - Sam Peckinpah's triumph, this tremendous achievement is in my opinion the greatest Western ever made. Forget Hawkes, Ford and the rest; Peckinpah learned from them, took the best from them and discarded the hackwork, and created a bombastic gem that does the impossible: Make you believe that a bunch of cut-throat outlaws would sacrifice their lives for someone else. And it's epic in scale besides, something all those other "auteurs" lauded by the wannabes at Cahiers du Cinema never attempted much less accomplished. 10. The Godfather & The Exorcist - I know I'm cheating, but I really do believe both of these films belong in the Top Ten list, because they are the greatest of their respective genres and two of the great American films ever made. |Read all comments (4)|Write your own comment| Ads by Google Unlimited Movie Rentals 99¢ Each For Your 1st 30 Days When You Try The All-New M-GO. Sign Up! Top Ten Best Ever Films Search for Top Ten Best Ever Films With 100's of Results at WebCrawler

February 7, 2007 Days of Whine and Roses, or the Strangled Cries of Lawyers in Love Posted by Jeff Lipshaw David Luban at Balkinization has a Marxist take on the economic structures of law firms. (HT to Brian Leiter at our sister blog within the growing Caron empire.) More precisely, it's a worm's-eye view (as William Baxter said of Gilbert's on Antitrust on the first day of class) of very large financial center law firms with staggering first year associate pay and high associate to partner ratios. And guess what? The partners make a lot of money off the backs of the highly paid associates! (This, by the way, did not originate with law firms. Any service firm, including the large accounting firms, work the same way. Ask my wife, who was a FYP ("first year person") at what then was called Arthur Young & Co.) You have to scroll through the comments to get a balanced view of this. And, in the interest of full disclosure, I come at this as someone who had the worm's eye view, the bird's eye view, the partner's eye view, the of counsel's eye view, and the client's eye view. The only view I never had was the rainmaker's eye view. On the other hand, when I was the client, I got to have the rainmakers suck up to me, and some of them became my friends, so I have privileged access to the dark places in their souls. So here are some observations about what is right and what is wrong: 1. There is or at least was a significant difference in associate-partner ratio in the "fly-over" parts of the country. While that may have changed over the last twenty years or so, I think in the midwestern large firms associates are still hired with the expectation that they will become partners. My guess is that natural attrition pares the group down to the point that you don't have a Ponzi scheme - i.e. that the firm has to keep doubling in size to keep the associate-partner ratio at about one to one. 2. The commenter about "service partners" is on the money. The real divide in a law firm is not between partner and associate, but between net takers and net givers. I guess if the leverage ratio is so high that immediately upon becoming partner you are raking in money faster than you can spend it you don't notice this, but net-net, when I became a partner in 1987, what with self-employment tax, capital contributions, paying for my own parking, borrowing to make up for the lack of special distributions, if the cash flow wasn't there, around estimated tax time, I'm pretty sure I made less in the first year of partnership than I did in the last year of associate-dom. The line between net takers and net givers can be masked as well by partnership structure and compensation policy, i.e., multi-tiered partnerships, equity partners, salaried partners, base point systems with discretionary bonus versus straight return on equity. 3. The commenter who says it's a free country is on the money. It's quaint now, but when I graduated from law school in 1979, you could go to Detroit and make a base pay of $22,000, to New York and make a base pay of, as I recall, about $30,000, or become a consultant at Bain and make $44,000. Even then you made a life style choice, and traded money, prestige or whatever the Cravaths of the world offered for whatever the Detroits, or St. Louises, or Pittsburghs of the world offered. 4. The commenter who notes that there is something, let's call it a brand, that makes an associate worth all that pay because of the brand (and not just the associate's labor) is on the money. The associate contributes to the maintenance of that brand, as do the partners, but it's a nice and touchy question when the lawyer or the brand is worth more. When David Boies perceived himself as more valuable than the benefit that the Cravath brand bestowed upon him, he left. The same applies to Fred Bartlit and Kirkland. (That's an oversimplication but I think it's basically true.) If I were to put some social science jargon around what's going on here, I'd forsake the Marxist economics, and go with path dependency. And view the bitching and moaning as the voices of those stuck in the path. Or go with Jackson Browne's take: I can't keep up with what's been going on I think my heart must just be slowing down Among the human beings in their designer jeans Am I the only one who hears the screams And the strangled cries of lawyers in love TrackBack URL for this entry: Listed below are links to weblogs that reference Days of Whine and Roses, or the Strangled Cries of Lawyers in Love: » Empirics on Biglaw Tournament from Empirical Legal Studies Lately there has been a lot of buzz in the blogosphere on the associate-partner pay gap (Lipshaw, titled The Days of Whine and Roses), the application of Marxist economic theory to the corporate law firms (David Luban), and what all [Read More] Tracked on Feb 7, 2007 10:03:25 PM

- Professor Martin Birchall UCL carries out landmark Voicebox Transplant - Laryngeal Research Study - Feb 2011 - UCLP-ENT Launch Day Announced - Prof Schilder awarded HIHR Professorship - Priya Singh appears on Bang Goes The Theory - Bridgitte Harley on BBC - Prof Matrin Birchall is quoted in BBC health story - Tributes to Lord Jack Ashley - Prof Adrian Davis interviewed on BBC Breakfast - UCLP ENT Presentations available for download - BSc & MSc Poster Presentation Day - Joel Joseph's experience taking part in the London 2012 Olympic Games Opening Ceremony - Jonathan Fishman receives MRC Centenary Award for £44,612 - Prof Ashmore's Royal Society Speech at Sir Andrew Huxley Memorial Event - Announcing the launch of the ABCIT 3 year research project - Jonathan Fishman receives the RSM Laryngology Research Prize and RSM-Wesleyan Young Trainee of the Year - Work Experience Day - How your hearing aid could stop you getting dementia Prof Adrian Davis interviewed on BBC Breakfast 16 May 2012 As Director of the NHS Newborn Hearing Screening Programme, Professor Adrian Davis was interviewed on BBC breakfast this morning to mark the 5 millionth baby screening which took place today in Manchester. Nearly 9,000 children with hearing impairment have better chances of success at school and their parents are better prepared to support them thanks to the introduction of an NHS programme to detect hearing problems in the first days of a baby’s life. Today (Wednesday 16 May, 2012) marks the five millionth baby in England to be screened by the Newborn Hearing Screening Programme (NHSP) since the programme began in 2001. A link to Prof Davis's interview via the BBC Iplayer will be available here soon. Page last modified on 16 may 12 15:26

Gender Matters: 3rd Women on Boards Conference 27 -29 April 2011 Sheraton on the Park ‘We need to build critical mass in the presence of existing barriers. Critical mass will create the change we are seeking.’ - Jan Elsner Ralph Norris and John Porter came together on the stage at the Gender Matters Conference to talk about the approach their very different companies were taking to gender diversity. John, the son of an American gender rights activist, has more than 50 per cent women in his executive leadership team at young company Austar. Ralph, the CEO of one of our oldest companies CBA, has set ambitious gender targets he is committed to achieving. Norway's leading director, Mai-Lill Ibsen, and the Australia's Sex Discrimination Commissioner, Liz Broderick, addressed the issue of quotas and targets at the Conference. It produced the required result in Norway in terms of an increase in numbers, but as Mai-Lill reported, has not been without complications. Women on boards is now a major issue of debate in Australia, but there is still a long way to go was the message from Liz. Great choice of speakers with a range of perspectives. Beneficial in terms of strategies for being a board member and for networking. Very enjoyable and worthwhile. Venue great, Excellent host - Claire Braund. The following sessions were really worthwhile: CEO champions, Margaret Bryne, Making Gender programs work, Quotas and targets. Great event. Looking forward to next year. Boards beware there is a new breed of woman. Speakers were great. John Porter was very inspirational. Mai-Lill Ibsen was very entertaining and realistic about the Norwegian experience."

Mali, with a population of approximately 12 million, is a constitutional democracy that continued to implement a decentralized form of government. International and domestic observers characterized the 2002 presidential and legislative elections as generally free and fair; however, there were some administrative irregularities. On May 23, Tuareg rebels attacked government military bases in the town of Kidal and Menaka. On July 4, the government signed a peace agreement with rebel forces. While civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the security forces, there were isolated instances in which elements of the security forces acted independently of government authority. The government generally respected its citizens' human rights; however, poor prison conditions, lengthy pretrial detention, prolonged trial delays, domestic violence and discrimination against women, female genital mutilation (FGM), trafficking in children, hereditary servitude relationships between different ethnic groups, child labor, and forced labor, including by children, were problems. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life There were no reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings. On September 1, November 23, and November 28, mob killings occurred in Bamako. In each case local citizens beat and killed suspected thieves. There were no reports of politically motivated disappearances. Unlike in the previous year, there were no reported kidnappings. c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment The constitution and law prohibit such practices; however, there were occasional reports that police abused civilians. There were reports that police arrested and abused student demonstrators (see section 2.b.). Prison and Detention Center Conditions Overall prison conditions remained poor. Prisons continued to be overcrowded, medical facilities and access were inadequate, and food supplies were insufficient. Men and women were separated in Bamako prisons; however, outside the capital, men and women were held in the same building but in separate cells. In Bamako juvenile offenders usually were held in the same prison as adult offenders, but they were kept in separate cells. Pretrial detainees were held with convicted prisoners. The government permitted prison visits by human rights monitors; however, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and other monitors were required to submit a request to the prison director, who then forwarded it to the Ministry of Justice. Approvals, which took up to one week, were routinely granted, but the week delay hindered the ability of monitors to ascertain if there were human rights violations, according to one NGO. Several NGOs, including the Malian Association of Human Rights and the Malian Association of Women Lawyers, visited prisoners and worked with female and juvenile prisoners to improve their conditions. d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention The constitution and law prohibit arbitrary arrest and detention, and the government generally observed these prohibitions; however, on occasion, police arrested and detained persons arbitrarily. Role of the Police and Security Apparatus Security forces include the army, air force, gendarmerie, national guard, and police. The army and air force are under the control of the civilian minister of defense. The national guard is administratively under the minister of defense; however, it is effectively under the command and control of the minister of internal security and civil protection. The police and gendarmerie are under the Ministry of Internal Security and Civil Protection. The police have responsibility for law enforcement and maintaining order in urban areas, while gendarmes have that responsibility in rural areas. The national police force is organized into various districts. Each district has a commissioner who reports to the regional director at national headquarters. The police force was moderately effective but lacked resources and training. Corruption was a problem, and some police and gendarmes extorted bribes (see section 2.d.). Impunity was not a problem, and individual police were charged and convicted of abuses. The gendarmerie conducted investigations of police officers. During the year police officer Daba Djire was suspended for involvement in a case involving three Lebanese nationals accused of tapping into a local telephone network; the officer was awaiting trial at year's end. Arrest and Detention Judicial warrants are required for arrest. Normally complainants deliver warrants, which stipulate when a person is scheduled to appear at a police station. However, police sometimes served warrants, generally in response to an influential relative of the complainant or if they received a bribe. In cases involving a monetary debt, the arrested person frequently resolved the case at the police precinct, and the police received a portion of the recovered money. The law provides that suspects must be charged or released within 48 hours and that they are entitled to counsel; however, in practice, detainees were not always charged within the 48 hour period. Limited rights of bail or the granting of conditional liberty exist, particularly for minor crimes and civil matters. On occasion the authorities released defendants on their own recognizance. Detainees have the right to a lawyer of their choice or a state-provided lawyer, but administrative backlogs and an insufficient number of lawyers often prevented prompt access. Detainees were allowed prompt access to family members. Police arrested demonstrators during the year, and the presidential palace's security force briefly detained a journalist (see sections 2.a. and 2.b.). Pretrial detention was a problem. In extreme cases, individuals remained in prison for several years before coming to trial. Approximately 77 percent of imprisoned persons were awaiting trial. e. Denial of Fair Public Trial The constitution and law provide for an independent judiciary; however, the executive branch continued to exert influence over the judicial system, and corruption and limited resources affected the fairness of some trials. Domestic human rights groups alleged that there were instances of bribery and influence peddling in the courts. The minister of justice appoints and may suspend judges, and the Justice Ministry supervises both law enforcement and judicial functions. The president heads the Council of Magistrates, which oversees judicial activity. During the year the Council of Magistrates temporarily suspended Judge Sidi Keita for the attempted murder of a court clerk in the town of Mopti. No charges were filed against the judge, who was transferred to another district. The council charged and suspended a second judge in Bamako for accepting a bribe in connection with a case involving three Lebanese nationals accused of tapping into a local telephone network; the judge subsequently died. The deputy public prosecutor, senior magistrate, and judge investigated in 2005 on charges of corruption were suspended and awaiting trial at year's end. The country has a lower Circuit Court and a Supreme Court with both judicial and administrative powers and a Constitutional Court that oversees constitutional issues and acts as an election arbiter. The constitution also provides for the convening of a high court of justice to try senior government officials in cases of treason. Except in the case of minors, trials are public, and defendants have the right to be present and have an attorney of their choice. Court-appointed attorneys are provided for the indigent without charge. Defendants have the right to consult with their attorney, but administrative backlogs and an insufficient number of lawyers often prevented prompt access. Defendants and attorneys have access to government evidence relevant to their cases. Defendants are presumed innocent and have the right to confront witnesses and to appeal decisions to the Supreme Court. These rights extend to all citizens and all groups. Village chiefs, in consultation with the elders, decided the majority of disputes in rural areas. If these decisions were challenged in court, only those found to have legal merit were upheld. There were no reports of political prisoners or detainees. Civil Judicial Procedures and Remedies There is an independent and impartial judiciary in civil matters. f. Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence The constitution and law prohibit such actions, and the government generally respected these prohibitions in practice. Section 2 Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: a. Freedom of Speech and Press The constitution and law provide for freedom of speech and of the press, and the government generally respected these rights in practice. Individuals criticized the government publicly and privately, generally without reprisal, and the government did not attempt to impede this criticism. The independent media were active and expressed a wide variety of views without restriction. On June 8, the presidential palace's security force beat and jailed a journalist, who had argued with security officials over the placement of a security cordon. A few hours later the government apologized, and the journalist was released. No charges were filed in connection with the July 2005 kidnapping and beating of a private radio talk show host; the investigation was ongoing at year's end. There were no government restrictions on access to the Internet or reports that the government monitored e-mail or Internet chat rooms. Individuals and groups could engage in the peaceful expression of views via the Internet, including by electronic mail. There were numerous Internet cafes in Bamako, although home access in the capital was limited to those able to pay the high installation and monthly fees. Outside of Bamako, there were a few sites where the Internet was available for public use, but many towns in the country had no Internet access. Academic Freedom and Cultural Events There were no government restrictions on academic freedom or cultural events. b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association Freedom of Assembly The constitution and law provide for freedom of assembly, and the government generally respected this right in practice. On November 13, police fired tear gas into a demonstration of medical students seeking higher stipends from the government. The students blocked access to one of Bamako's main hospitals during the protest and injected police with an unknown red liquid, later identified as juice. Police and protesters were injured by rocks and other projectiles. Five students were arrested, charged with damaging property, and held for six days before being released. The students' union claimed that the five, including one woman, were physically and sexually abused while in police custody. Their trials were pending at year's end. Freedom of Association The constitution and law provide for freedom of association, and the government generally respected this right in practice; however, the law prohibits association deemed immoral. In June 2005 the governor of the District of Bamako cited this law to refuse official recognition of a gay rights association. c. Freedom of Religion The constitution and law provide for freedom of religion, and the government generally respected this right in practice. The government required that all public associations, including religious associations, register; the process was routine and not burdensome. Traditional indigenous religious groups were not required to register. Societal Abuses and Discrimination The Jewish population was estimated at less than 50, and there were no reports of anti-Semitic acts. For a more detailed discussion, see the 2006 International Religious Freedom Report. d. Freedom of Movement within the Country, Foreign Travel, Emigration, and Repatriation The constitution and law provide for these rights, and the government generally respected them in practice. Police routinely stopped and checked both citizens and foreigners to restrict the movement of contraband and to verify vehicle registrations. Some police and gendarmes extorted bribes. The constitution and law specifically prohibit forced exile; the government did not use it. Protection of Refugees The laws provide for the granting of asylum or refugee status in accordance with the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 protocol, and the government has established a system for providing protection to refugees. In practice, the government provided protection against refoulement, the return of persons to a country where they feared persecution, and granted refugee status or asylum. A national committee in charge of refugees operated with institutional assistance from the office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. The government also provided temporary protection to individuals who may not qualify as refugees under the 1951 convention and the 1967 protocol and provided it to approximately 390 persons during the year. Section 3 Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government The constitution and law provide citizens with the right to change their government peacefully, and citizens exercised this right in practice through periodic, free, and fair elections held on the basis of universal suffrage. Elections and Political Participation Presidential and legislative elections were last held in 2002; domestic and international observers characterized both elections as generally free, fair, and without evident fraud, but there were administrative irregularities. There were 15 women in the 147-member National Assembly, five women in the 28-seat cabinet, five women on the 33-member Supreme Court, and three women on the nine-member Constitutional Court; a woman chaired the Supreme Court. The National Assembly had 14 members of historically marginalized pastoralist and nomadic ethnic minorities representing the northern and eastern regions of Gao, Timbuktu, and Kidal. The cabinet also had two representatives of the northern regions: the minister of health and the minister of state reforms and institutional relations. Government Corruption and Transparency The government continued its campaign to curb corruption; however, corruption hindered development and governmental efforts to improve human rights. On May 30, the auditor general's office released its first annual report, which charged widespread tax evasion and customs duty fraud by private telecommunications companies, the mayor of Bamako's office, and fuel importation officials. No action had been taken against responsible officials by year's end. On August 15, the auditor general announced that approximately one million dollars (500 million CFA) had disappeared during the last three years from the Office du Niger, which manages the country's rice-growing region. The director of the Office du Niger was subsequently removed, and three mid-level employees were arrested. In November the three mid-level employees were released. No verdict was reached during the year in the February 2005 case in which employees of the textile parastatal Compagnie Malienne pour le Development des Textiles were charged with illegally importing cotton. The law provides for public access to government information, and the government granted such access. If an information request is refused, the person inquiring can appeal to an administrative court, which must handle the appeal within three months. Section 4 Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights A number of domestic and international human rights groups generally operated without government restriction, investigating and publishing their findings on human rights cases. Government officials were generally cooperative and responsive to their views. These groups included the Malian Association for Human Rights, a smaller Malian League of Human Rights, and a local chapter of Amnesty International. The International Committee for the Red Cross had offices in Bamako, Timbuktu, and Gao. Section 5 Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons The constitution and law prohibit discrimination based on social origin, color, language, sex, or race, and the government generally enforced these provisions effectively; however, violence and discrimination against women, FGM, and trafficking in children were problems. Domestic violence against women, including spousal abuse, was tolerated and common. Spousal abuse is a crime, but police were reluctant to enforce laws against or intervene in cases of domestic violence. Assault is punishable by prison terms of one to five years and fines of up to $1,000 (500,000 CFA francs) or if premeditated, up to 10 years' imprisonment. Many women were reluctant to file complaints against their husbands because they were unable to support themselves financially. The Ministry for the Promotion of Women, Children, and the Family produced a guide on violence against women for use by health care providers, police, lawyers, and judges. The guide provides definitions of the types of violence and guidelines on how each should be handled. The ministry has also begun surveys to assess the frequency of violence, but no results were available at year's end. Action for the Defense and Promotion of Women Rights and Action for the Promotion of Household Maids operated shelters. The law criminalizes rape, but spousal rape is not illegal. Reports of rape were rare, and most cases went unreported. FGM was common, particularly in rural areas, and was performed on girls between the ages of six months to six years. According to domestic NGOs, approximately 95 percent of adult women had undergone FGM. The practice was widespread in most regions and among most ethnic groups, was not subject to class boundaries, and was not religiously based. There were no laws against FGM, but a government decree prohibits FGM in government-funded health centers. The government continued its two-phased plan aimed at eliminating all forms of FGM by 2008. According to the local human rights organizations fighting FGM, the educational phase (workshops, videos, and theater) continued in cities, and FGM reportedly decreased substantially among children of educated parents. In many instances FGM practitioners agreed to stop the practice in exchange for other income-generating activity. The National Committee Against Violence Towards Women linked all the NGOs active in FGM. Prostitution is legal and common in cities. Sex tourism was not known to be a problem. There were no confirmed reports of prostitutes targeted for abuse by local authorities. The law does not specifically address sexual harassment. Family law favored men, and women were particularly vulnerable in cases of divorce, child custody, and inheritance rights, as well as in the general protection of civil rights. Women had very limited access to legal services due to their lack of education and information, as well as the prohibitive cost. For example, if a woman wanted a divorce, she had to pay approximately $60 (30,000 CFA francs) to start the process, a prohibitive amount for most women. While the law gives women equal property rights, traditional practice and ignorance of the law prevented women, even educated women, from taking full advantage of their rights. A community property marriage had to be specified in the marriage contract. In addition if the type of marriage was not specified on the marriage certificate, judges presumed the marriage was polygynous. Traditional practice discriminated against women in inheritance matters, and men inherited most of the family wealth. Women's access to employment and to economic and educational opportunities was limited. Women constituted approximately 15 percent of the labor force, and the government, the country's major employer, paid women the same as men for similar work. Women often lived under harsh conditions, particularly in rural areas, where they performed difficult farm work and did most of the childrearing. The Ministry for the Promotion of Women, Children, and the Family was charged with ensuring the legal rights of women. Under a four-year (2004-2008) national plan of action to promote the status of women, the government continued efforts to reduce inequalities between men and women and to create links between women within the Economic Community of West African States and throughout Africa. Several women's rights groups, such as the Association of Malian Women Lawyers, the Association of Women in Law and Development, the Collective of Women's Associations, and the Association for the Defense of Women's Rights, worked to highlight legal inequities, primarily in the family code, through debates, conferences, and women's rights training. These groups also provided legal assistance to women and targeted magistrates, police officers, and religious and traditional leaders in educational outreach to promote women's rights. The government was committed to providing for children's welfare and rights. Several laws protect children and provide for their welfare, including an ordinance that provides for regional positions as "child delegates" to safeguard the rights and interests of children. Education was tuition free and, in principle, open to all; however, students were required to provide their own uniforms and supplies. Primary school was compulsory up to the age of 12, but only 56.6 percent of children from seven to 12 years old (49.3 percent of girls and 64.1 percent of boys) received a primary education during the 2005-06 school year. Girls' enrollment in school was lower than boys' at all levels due to poverty, cultural tendencies to emphasize boys' education, and early marriages. Other factors affecting school enrollment in general included distance to the nearest school, lack of transportation, and shortages of teachers and instructional materials. Members of the black Tamachek community reported that Tamachek children were denied educational opportunities because their masters would not allow their children to attend school (see section 5, National/Racial/Ethnic Minorities). Approximately 11 percent of students attended private Arabic-language schools, or Medersas. Medersas were encouraged to follow the government curriculum, and most taught core subjects including math, science, and foreign languages; however, few Medersas fully adhered to the government's curriculum due to a lack of teacher training and instructional materials. An unknown number of primary school aged children throughout the country attended part-time Koranic schools; most students were under the age of 10. Koranic schools taught only the Koran and were partially funded by students, known as garibouts, who were required by schoolmasters to beg for money on the streets as part of their religious instruction. A 2005 UNICEF study of Koranic schools in Mopti found that children who attended these schools spent the majority of their time begging on the streets or working in fields. The government provided subsidized medical care to children as well as adults, but the care was limited in quality and availability. Boys and girls had equal access to medical care. Statistics on child abuse were unreliable, and reported cases of abuse were rare, according to local human rights organizations. The social services department investigated and intervened in cases of child abuse or neglect. FGM was commonly performed on young girls (see section 5, Women). Women may legally marry at age 18 and men at age 21. The marriage code allows girls under age 15 to marry with parental consent or special permission from a judge. Women's rights organizations opposed this provision as contradicting international conventions that protect children through the age of 18. Underage marriage was known to be a problem in the regions of Kayes, Sikasso, Timbuktu, and Mopti. Parents contracted marriage for girls as young as age 11 in the Fulani, Minianka, and Soninke ethnic groups, even though the practice is illegal. Local women's rights NGOs, such as Action for the Promotion and Development of Women, the Committee for the Defense of Women's Rights, and the Women's and Children's Rights Watch, educated local populations about the negative consequences of underage marriage. The government also helped to enable girls married at an early age to continue in school. Trafficking in children (see section 5, Trafficking) and child labor (see section 6.d.) were problems. Trafficking in Persons The law does not prohibit trafficking in persons in adults but does prohibit trafficking in children; however, there were reports that persons were trafficked to, from, and within the country. Most trafficking occurred within the country during the year. Children were trafficked to rice fields in the central regions; boys were trafficked to mines in the south; and girls were trafficked for involuntary domestic servitude in Bamako. Victims were generally trafficked for agricultural work, domestic servitude, and to a lesser extent into begging, gold mining, and prostitution. The victims were usually from the central regions of the country and not a specific ethnic group. Women and girls were trafficked from Nigeria for sexual exploitation, mainly by Nigerian traffickers. Child trafficking is punishable by five to 20 years' imprisonment. The law also prohibits the contractual use of persons without their consent. Penalties increase if a minor is involved and range from five to 20 years' imprisonment. Although legal protections and measures are in place, parents of child victims were reluctant to file charges, and cases often languished within the justice system. During the year there also were reports of trafficking in persons between the country and its neighbors, primarily Guinea and Burkina Faso. During the year a local court convicted Moussa Traore, a citizen of the country, for trafficking two children, ages 13 and 14, to work on his cotton farm in Cote d'Ivoire. Traore was sentenced to one year's imprisonment, but released because he had already served the length of the sentence awaiting trial. On October 12, gendarmes in the town of Niono discovered 24 citizens of Burkina Faso, including 20 minors, in a minibus driven by Zakaria Ouedrago. According to the police, Ouedrago and Dramane Konta, a citizen of the country, had trafficked the 24 for work in Konta's fields. The children were turned over to a local NGO that cares for victims of child trafficking, and were subsequently repatriated to Burkina Faso. Ouedrago was arrested and awaiting trial at year's end. Konta remained at large. The Ministry for the Promotion of Women, Children, and the Family and the Ministry of Labor and Civil Service shared responsibility for combating trafficking. The two ministries, in cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Territorial Administration, developed a program to identify and rehabilitate victims, educate the population, and strengthen the legal system with regard to the movement and trafficking of minors. In July the Ministry for the Promotion of Women, Children, and the Family released the results of a 2004 study on the sexual exploitation of minors in the regions of Sikasso, Kayes, and Bamako. The study, which involved 450 interviews, found that the children most at risk for sexual exploitation were girls between the ages of 12 and 18 who worked as street vendors or domestic servants, or who were homeless children or the victims of child trafficking. Such exploitation was most prevalent in areas in which the population and economy were in flux, such as border zones or towns on transportation routes or in mining areas. The study noted that most cases of sexual exploitation went unreported and recommended that the country strengthen its laws to protect children. The government assists with international trafficking investigations and the extradition of citizens accused of trafficking in other countries, but there were no such cases during the year. The government worked closely with international organizations and NGOs to coordinate the repatriation and reintegration of trafficking victims. Three children were repatriated during the year from Cote d'Ivoire. Welcome centers in Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, and Bamako assisted in returning trafficked children to their families. The government provided temporary shelter and protection for victims at these centers. Parents were required to carry travel passes for children, a measure intended to curb child trafficking. Persons with Disabilities There was no specific law protecting the rights of persons with disabilities in employment, education, access to health care, or in the provision of other state services; however, the government did not discriminate against persons with disabilities. There is no law mandating accessibility to public buildings. There were no reports of societal discrimination against persons with disabilities. The Ministry of Social Affairs is charged with the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities. Societal discrimination against "black" Tamacheks and hereditary servitude relationships between Tamacheks and other groups continued during the year (see section 6.c.). Members of the Tamachek community reported that they did not benefit from equal education opportunities because their masters would not allow their children to attend school. Tamacheks reported they were deprived of civil liberties by other ethnic groups. On November 15, a Tamachek group, known by the acronym TEMEDT, called for an end to all slavery-related practices in the country (see section 6.c.). The 2004 case concerning the killing of a customs officer during a confrontation between two Tuareg communities in Kidal was still pending at year's end. Other Social Abuses and Discrimination In June 2005 the governor of Bamako refused to grant official recognition to a gay rights association (see section 2.b.). Section 6 Worker Rights a. The Right of Association The law provides for workers to form or join unions of their choice without previous authorization or excessive requirements, and workers exercised these rights in practice. Only the military, the gendarmerie, and the national guard were excluded from forming unions. An estimated 95 percent of salaried employees were organized, including teachers, magistrates, health workers, and senior civil servants. The law does not prohibit antiunion discrimination, but there were no reports of antiunion behavior or activities during the year. b. The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively The law allows unions to conduct their activities without interference, and the government respected these rights in practice. The law provides for the right to collective bargaining, and workers exercised this right freely. Unions have the right to strike, and workers exercised this right. There are no export processing zones. The growth of independent unions led to more direct bargaining between unions and their employers. Wages and salaries for workers belonging to the National Union of Malian Workers Federation (UNTM) and the Syndicated Confederation of Malian Workers were set by tripartite negotiations between the Ministry of Labor, labor unions, and representatives of the National Council of Employers of the sector to which the wages applied. These negotiations usually set the pattern for unions outside the UNTM. Civil service salary levels were pegged nationally to an index established by the government. The law provides for the right to strike; however, there were restrictions in some areas. For example, civil servants and workers in state-owned enterprises were required to give two weeks' notice of a planned strike and to enter into mediation and negotiations with the employer and a third party, usually the Ministry of Labor and State Reforms. The labor code prohibits retribution against strikers, and the government generally effectively enforced these laws. c. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor The law prohibits forced or compulsory labor, including by children; however, there were reports that such practices occurred (see sections 5 and 6.d.). The law prohibits the contractual use of persons without their consent, and penalties include a fine and hard labor. Penalties increase significantly if a minor, defined as someone less than 15 years of age, is involved. Hereditary servitude relationships continued to informally link different ethnic groups, particularly in the north. There was evidence that members of the Tamachek community continued to live in forced servitude and were deprived of civil liberties by members of other ethnic groups. During the year members of the black Tamachek community, often referred to by the pejorative label bellah, reported on the continued existence of feudal slave-related practices in the country. d. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment The labor code has specific policies that pertain to child labor; however, these regulations often were ignored in practice, and child labor was a problem. The labor code permits children between the ages of 12 and 14 to work up to two hours per day during school vacations with parental approval. Children 14 to 16 may work up to 4½ hours per day with the permission of a labor inspector, but not during nights, on Sundays, or on holidays. Children 16 to 18 could work in jobs that were not physically demanding; boys could work up to eight hours per day, and girls up to six hours per day. Child labor predominated in the agricultural, mining, and domestic help sectors and, to a lesser degree, in craft and trade apprenticeships and cottage industries. Laws against unjust compensation, excessive hours, or capricious discharge did not apply to the vast number of children who worked in rural areas helping with family farms, household chores and herds, apprenticing in trades, or working in the informal sector, such as street vendors. Trafficking in children was a problem (see section 5). The authorities enforced labor code provisions through inspectors from the Ministry of Labor and State Reforms, which conducted surprise inspections and complaint-based inspections; however, resource limitations restricted the frequency and effectiveness of oversight by the Labor Inspection Service, which operated only in the formal sector. The National Campaign Against Child Labor, led by the International Program for the Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC)-Mali, was responsible for investigating abusive forms of child labor. IPEC relied on labor inspectors appointed by the government in Bamako and in regional labor offices throughout the country. IPEC investigated cases when NGOs or the media provided information that there was abusive child labor. There were no such reports during the year. e. Acceptable Conditions of Work The national minimum wage rate, set during the year, was approximately $53 (28,000 CFA francs) per month, which did not provide a decent standard of living for a worker and family. The minimum wage was supplemented by a required package of benefits, including social security and health care. While this total package could provide a minimum standard of living for one person, most wage earners supported large extended families and supplemented their income by subsistence farming or employment in the informal sector. The labor code specifies conditions of employment, including hours, wages, and social security; however, many employers either ignored or did not comply completely with the regulations. The legal workweek was 40 hours (45 hours for agricultural employees), with a requirement for a 24-hour rest period. Workers had to be paid overtime for additional hours. The law provides a broad range of legal protections against hazards in the workplace, and workers' groups brought pressure on employers to respect parts of the regulations, particularly those affecting personal hygiene. With high unemployment, however, workers often were reluctant to report violations of occupational safety regulations. The Labor Inspection Service oversees these standards but limited enforcement to the modern, formal sector. It was not effective in investigating and enforcing workers' safety and was insufficiently funded for its responsibilities. Workers had the right to remove themselves from dangerous work situations and to request an investigation by the Social Security Department, which is responsible for recommending remedial action where deemed necessary; it was not known if any worker had done so.

An Empire of Poverty: Race, Punishment, and Social Control By: Andrew Gavin Marshall NOTE: The following is a brief sampling of some of the concepts, ideas, issues, and events that are to be thoroughly researched and written about in two chapters of The People’s Book Project which will be funded through The People’s Grant, of which the objective is to raise $1,600 from readers and supporters. If you find the information in the following sampling of interest, please donate to the People’s Book Project and help facilitate expanded research on these and other related subjects into constructing two significant chapters for the book. For a look at what other information will be included in these chapters, see the latest information on The People’s Grant. Contribute to The People’s Grant: Slavery and the Social Construction of Race Between 1619 and 1860, the American legal system, from that imposed by the British Empire to that constructed following the American Revolution, “expanded and protected the liberties of white Americans – while at the same time the legal process became increasingly more harsh as to the masses of blacks, with a steady contraction of their liberties.” This process marked the ‘social construction’ of race and with it, racial superiority and inferiority, delegated to whites and blacks, respectively. Interesting to note was that between 1619 and the 1660s, the American colonial legal system was “far more supportive for blacks; or, phrased differently, the early legal process was less harsh.” Georgia’s original charter, in fact, had three prohibitions: no alcohol, no free land titles, “and no Negro slaves.” In Virginia, as late as 1672 and 1673, there were legal records of some slaves “serving limited terms as indentured servants rather than being sentenced to the eternity of slavery.” The colonies in the Americas required a massive labour force, “Between 1607 and 1783, more than 350,000 ‘white’ bond-labourers arrived in the British colonies.” The Americas had both un-free blacks and whites, with blacks being a minority, yet they “exercised basic rights in law.” Problems arrived in the form of elites trying to control the labour class. Slaves were made up of Indian, black and white labourers; yet, problems arose with this “mixed” population of un-free labour. The problem with Indian labourers was that they knew the land and could escape to “undiscovered” territory, and enslavement would often instigate rebellions and war: The social costs of trying to discipline un-free native labour had proved too high. Natives would eventually be genocidally eliminated, once population settlement and military power made victory more or less certain; for the time being, however, different sources of bond labour had to be found. Between 1607 and 1682, more than 90,000 European immigrants, “three-quarters of them chattel bond-labourers, were brought to Virginia and Maryland.” Following the “establishment of the Royal African Company in 1672, a steady supply of African slaves was secured.” Problems became paramount, however, as the lower classes tended to be very rebellious, which consisted of “an amalgam of indentured servants and slaves, of poor whites and blacks, of landless freemen and debtors.” The lower classes were united in opposition to the elites oppressing them, regardless of background. Bacon’s Rebellion of 1676 was of particular note, as bond-labourers, black and white, rebelled against the local elites and “demanded freedom from chattel servitude.” For the colonialists, “[s]uch images of a joint uprising of black and white, slave and bondsman, proved traumatic. In the face of a united rebellion of the lower orders, the planter bourgeoisie understood that their entire system of colonial exploitation and privilege was at risk.” In response to this threat, the landed elite “relaxed the servitude of white labourers, intensified the bonds of black slavery, and introduced a new regime of racial oppression. In doing so, they effectively created the white race – and with it white supremacy.” Thus, “the conditions of white and black servants began to diverge considerably after 1660.” Following this, legislation would separate white and black slavery, prevent “mixed” marriages, and seek to prevent the procreation of “mixed-race” children. Whereas before 1660, many black slaves were not indentured for life, this changed as colonial law increasingly “imposed lifetime bondage for black servants – and, especially significant, the curse of lifetime servitude for their offspring.” A central feature of the social construction of this racial divide was “the denial of the right to vote,” as most Anglo-American colonies previously allowed free blacks to vote, but this slowly changed throughout the colonies. The ruling class of America was essentially “inventing race.” Thus, “[f]reedom was increasingly identified with race, not class.” The ‘Reconstruction’ of Slavery in Post-Civil War America Important to note has been the ways in which slaves were used as the main labour force, and thus blacks were identified and being sustained as a lower-class labour force. Following the Civil War, abolition of slavery and the Reconstruction Period, there were coordinated moves – a ‘compact’ – between the North and South in the United States, to devise a way of keeping blacks as a submissive labour force, and one which was confined to a new form of slavery: penal slavery. Thus, we see emerging in the 1870s and into the 20th century, a rapid expansion of prisons, and with that, of southern penal systems using prisoners as forced labour. This new legal system, which was “far less rigid than slavery,” had been referred to as “involuntary servitude,” and, wrote one scholar, “was a fluid, flexible affair which alternated between free and forced labor in time to the rhythm of the southern labor market.” A famous American botanist and agricultural editor of the Weekly News and Courier wrote in 1865 that, “There must… be stringent laws to control the negroes, & require them to fulfill their contracts of labour on the farms.” Southern legislatures, then, began to enact what were referred to as Black Codes, “designed to preserve white hegemony.” The 12-year period following the end of the Civil War, known as the ‘Reconstruction,’ saw the continued struggle of newly-freed blacks to attempt to break free from being “forced back under the political and economic domination of the large landowners,” and to do so, they were demanding land ownership rights to the tune of “40 acres and a mule.” This was, of course, unacceptable to vested interests. While the Republic Party had freed the slaves, the main core of the Party had become dominated by Northern wealthy interests, and “were unwilling to press for thoroughgoing reform, and by 1877 had become convinced that their interests were better served by an alliance with Southern white conservatives than the largely illiterate and destitute ex-slave population.” In the North at this time, the captains of industry and kings of capital (the bankers and industrialists) were waging a continued war against organized and increasingly radicalized labour. Thus, there was very little interest in seeking to enfranchise black labour in the South. As the New York Times suggested, the demands for “40 acres and a mule” hit at “the fundamental relation of industry to capital,” and “strikes at the root of all property rights in both sections. It concerns Massachusetts quite as much as Mississippi.” The legal system was used to essentially criminalize black life, without making specific references to race, laws that were passed specifically targeted blacks in attempting to limit their mobility, the price of their labour, and to make several aspects of typical black southern life to be deemed “criminal.” This process was paralleled in South Africa in the construction of the apartheid system. As one historian wrote: Prior to the 1860s, neither the South nor South Africa had an extensive history of large-scale imprisonment or of hiring out prison labour to private contractors. Before the Civil War, slave-owners had punished their own slaves. African Americans accounted for less than 1 per cent of Alabama’s pre-war prison population; the bulk of the 200-300 inmates of the first penitentiary built in 1841 comprised, as in northern prisons, mostly of newly-arrived European immigrants. Many of the South’s prisons were destroyed during the Civil War, and thus, as the Black Codes were subsequently enacted, legislation was increasingly passed which aimed to facilitate the leasing of convicts to private contractors, and as a result, there was little need to rebuild the prison infrastructure; instead, have prisoners build the new infrastructure of an industrializing South, with the convict population from the 1870s onward largely being leased to farmers and railroad contractors, which saved state revenues from building new prisons as well as procuring revenue. In 1874, the governor of Alabama had complained about spending $100,000 on convicts, and within two years of leasing out Alabama’s inmates to private contractors, he boasted of a $15,000 profit. Thus, prisons would never “be anything but a source of immense revenue to the state.” Largely the same process was undertaken in South Africa to secure labour for the diamond mines run by the De Beers Company. As William Worger wrote of the dual development of the American South and South African convict labour systems: [C]apitalists in both areas establishing new industries and constrained by expensive capital, high fixed costs for plant and operations, and competitive struggles for market share, viewed convict labour as essential to the introduction of machine production, the defeat of organized labour, and the overall cheapening of the costs of production… [I]n both cases the state, when viewed in its local and regional rather than national and metropolitan manifestations, enthusiastically supported the leasing of convicts to private employers… because of the enormous financial benefits to their administrations of selling prison labour… and because imprisonment with hard labour in industrial enterprises offered a means to ‘discipline’ (in the discourse of the South) and to ‘civilise’ (in that of British colonialism) African Americans and Africans convicted on the basis of their race for acts – such as petty theft and burglary… that would not have resulted in lengthy terms of incarceration for whites… [In both cases] convict labour was used to divide and defeat organized labour and to enable employers to segregate the workplace on the basis of race. Migration, Housing, and Organizing Ghettos It was no coincidence that each of these convict labour systems emerged in the context and circumstances of the development of Jim Crow segregation laws in the South and official apartheid in South Africa. At the same time as this was taking place in the South, massive migration of blacks from the South to the North began, concurrently with a period of radical labour militancy and class crisis. As such, this era saw the development of the ghettoes in major Northern cities “as a space of containment in urban areas.” The harsh legal racism, segregation, and cultural hatred of blacks in the South also spurred the migration to Northern cities. Between 1882 and 1968, there were 4,723 reported lynchings of African Americans, 90% of which took place in the Deep South. Between 1910 and 1960, roughly 5 million African Americans migrated to the North, Midwest, and Northeast. As Eduardo Mendieta wrote: It is significant that the process of northern urbanization takes place in tandem with the process of racial gentrification. This racial gentrification is overseen by the state itself through its housing policies. These policies ensure that the poor and colored are concentrated in the dilapidated and poorly serviced urban centers while wealthy whites… are granted the license and funding to flee to the suburbs. In other words, the development of the ghetto has to be seen in tandem with the suburbanization of the US… An overview of the different agencies and acts used by Congress to regulate housing policies and availability reveals that the government conspired to segregate through its loaning practices, and actually participated in the very act of destroying housing that was and could have been available to African Americans and poor people in the inner cities. In fact, amazingly, “the government [had] destroyed more low-incoming housing than it actually built.” This process had extended right into the post-World War II period. Between 1960 and 1977, “as the number of whites living in suburbs increased by 22 million… the inner-city African-American population grew by 6 million.” Kenneth T. Jackson wrote, “American housing policy was not only devoid of social objectives, but instead helped establish the basis for social inequities. Uncle Sam was not impartial, but instead contributed to the general disbenefit of the cities and to the general prosperity of the suburbs.” Most American ghettos first came into existence just as economic inequalities were reaching “new heights” in the 1920s in the midst of the long-worn battle between industrialists and organized labour. At this time, racial segregation was increasingly a global phenomenon, when imperial and national states were implementing social and geographical forms of segregation “by equating urban problems such as ‘vice’, crime, disease and social unrest with blacks and other people of color and suggesting urban division as a means to solve these problems.” As Carl H. Nightingale wrote in the Journal of Urban History: In the United States, this global “racial urbanism” informed the actions of the white homeowners, realtors, and banks that transformed an urban landscape marked by scattered minority-black enclaves into one of the large-scale segregated majority-black communities we know as ghettos. These first ghettos were also marked by the founding of separate black-run institutions that served their residents. The second phase of ghettoization in the United States occurred with the Great Depression, New Deal, and World War II-era, a time in which there was a continued growth of northward migration of black Americans to the industrial cities. In this context, the New Deal’s Home Owner’s Loan Corporation and the Federal Housing Administration “instituted highly discriminatory housing policies… [which] were aggravated by similarly racially biased urban renewal, public housing, and transportation policies, which not only solidified the boundaries of ghettos but also pushed them outward from downtown.” The third major phase of ghetto reform came about as a result of the Civil Rights Movement. Working with a major Civil Rights organization, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Ford Foundation sought to “organize the ghetto” through a program aimed at “making working-class blacks a decipherable and controllable constituency,” and thus: [The Ford] foundation sought black leaders who could be brought into the establishment fold and could engineer orderly change in the ghetto. Having found a model to control the black community by containing it… the Ford Foundation would use its experience with CORE in Cleveland as a base to complete its vision for African Americans in a post-civil rights America. A national housing program, organized around new public-private partnerships which would benefit the elite class, was developed to create housing for the poor. The development of this plan – the Rockefeller Program – was the most controversial of the initiatives under the 1968 housing legislation, which placed “little emphasis on expanding homeownership opportunities,” and instead, stressed “the importance of involving private enterprises in the rebuilding of cities and make use of tax incentives to encourage such involvement.” The interesting features of the Rockefeller Program, implemented under New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller, were that it contemplated “that government will sponsor, develop, construct, and possibly manage the housing project,” and while the “actual construction work will be done by private firms as contractors… it is government which is to rebuild the slums.” Thus, the “incentives to enlist the active involvement of the private sector are not directly related to the task of rebuilding the slums, except insofar as they enable private enterprise to participate in the profits which will accrue.” The Rockefeller Foundation itself had a significant impact upon the changing focus of urban design. As Peter L. Laurence wrote, “between 1955 and 1965, the Rockefeller Foundation research programme for Urban Design Studies contributed significantly to post-war urban theory and to the emergence of the new discipline of urban design out of the overlapping interests of the fields of architecture, city planning and landscape design.” Rockefeller influence on city planning was thereafter established and institutionalized through the formation of the fields of urban studies and city planning. Educating Africans to be “Junior Partners in the Firm” In the first half of the 20th century, the Rockefeller Foundation and Carnegie Corporation undertook joint projects aimed at constructing an education system for black Americans in the South as well as for black Africans in several British colonies. In 1911, the Phelps-Stokes Fund was chartered with the purpose of managing “the education of Negroes both in Africa and the United States.” This restrictive educational system for black Americans had already been institutionalized, beginning with the ‘philanthropic’ endeavours of Wall Street bankers and northern industrialists and capitalists at several conferences in 1898. The education was constructed on the basis that, as one conference participant stated, “the white people are to be the leaders, to take the initiative, to have direct control in all matters pertaining to civilization and the highest interest of our beloved land. History demonstrates that the Caucasian will rule, and he ought to rule.” As one conference organizer stated: Time has proven that [the ‘negro’] is best fitted to perform the heavy labor in the Southern states… He will willingly fill the more menial positions, and do the heavy work, at less wages, than the American white man or any foreign race… This will permit the Southern white laborer to perform the more expert labor, and to leave the fields, the mines, and the simple trades for the negro. The conferences resulted in what became known as the ‘Tuskegee educational philosophy,’ which was decided upon by 1901. Three major decisions were taken at the conferences. The first major decision was that “it was necessary that provision be made to train a Negro leadership cadre”: For this purpose, then, it was concluded that certain Negro colleges would be strengthened to educate a strong professional class – doctors, lawyers, ministers – which would be responsible for raising the general physical and moral level of the race in the segregated black communities… [Second], it was decided that the Negro had been educated away from his natural environment and that his education should concern only those fields available to him. This key decision marked the formulation of the concept of a special Negro education. Third, it was decided that this special education – vocational and agricultural in focus – of the Negro had to be directed toward increasing the labor value of his race, a labor value which, not surprisingly, would see the white capitalist as chief beneficiary. Thus, in 1901 the fourth conference on the issue established the Southern Education Board. The following year, John D. Rockefeller established the General Education Board (a precursor to the Rockefeller Foundation), which “alleviated any financial concerns which the planners of southern Negro education might have experienced.” The Rockefeller philanthropy had extensive influence on implementing the ‘Tuskegee educational philosophy,’ particularly through the Southern Education Board, of which it not only helped finance, but had a shared leadership. Eleven members of the Southern Education Board were also members of Rockefeller’s General Education Board. With time, other funds and philanthropies became involved, such as the Jeanes Fund, the Slater Fund, and eventually the Phelps-Stokes Fund. Again, there was significant overlap between these organizations. The first president of the Jeanes Fund was James H. Dillard, a member of the Southern Education Board, an agent of the Slater Fund, and a member of Rockefeller’s General Education Board. In 1923, Dillard became a trustee of the Phelps-Stokes Fund. The Jeanes Fund, headed by Dillard, instituted the concept of the ‘Jeanes teacher’: a local Negro who could make contact in the rural communities as no one else could and who could adapt the school curriculum to the conditions of these communities. Hygiene, home economics, and industrial and agricultural training were to form the backbone of the curriculum for Jeanes rural schools. In 1925, the Jeanes school concept was transferred to Kenya, largely owing to the vigorous advocacy for such a transplantation by representatives of the Phelps-Stokes Fund. The Tuskegee/Phelps-Stokes educational philosophy quickly garnered the attention of British missionary educators in Africa. Two influential British missionary educators visited the Tuskegee Institute in 1912, with the idea in mind that they could adapt this educational philosophy to Britain’s colonies in Africa. One of these missionaries was J.H. Oldham, former secretary of the World Missionary Conference, and editor of the International Review of Missions, “the quasi-official journal of the Protestant missionary societies in Great Britain from its inception in 1912.” Having become well-acquainted with the American philanthropists involved in organization black education, Oldham introduced Thomas Jesse Jones to British colonial officials in charge of educational policy in Africa, and in 1924, “Oldham became the Phelps-Stokes Fund’s representative in the United Kingdom and intensified his vigorous lobbying efforts to have Phelps-Stokes Fund/Tuskegee concept incorporated into official mission and colonial educational policy.” As Kenya’s colonial secretary stated, the educational philosophy would ensure “an intelligent, cheerful, self-respecting, and generally docile and willing-to-learn African native.” In 1925, Jones successfully negotiated for financial aid from the Carnegie Corporation to finance the establishment of a Jeanes training school in Kenya. The funding from Carnegie included direct funding for the school, as well as facilitating white educators from Africa to come to the U.S. to “investigate” the Southern educational system, as well as implementing intelligence tests for Africans (just as the major philanthropies had been propagating around the United States as part of their support for eugenics programs). Jones also turned to other major foundations for support, such as Rockefeller’s International Education Board (which had Anson Phelps-Stokes as a trustee), as well as the Laura Spellman Rockefeller Memorial, which all subsequently provided major grants to establish several schools across Africa. Jones and the major foundations further supported the development of black education in South Africa, helping cement the apartheid system that was being developed. As Jones himself stated, the education of black South Africans in the Tuskegee philosophy can maintain their subordination to the white ruling class, and keep them as “junior partners in the firm.” Managing the Poor through Social Welfare Another major area of concern in these chapters is on the ‘moral construction’ of the poor, going beyond (but not ignoring) the ways in which the poor are ‘created’ and ‘maintained’ as a social group (i.e., noting the political, economic, and social policies and institutions that create and sustain poverty as a powerful social force), but also in looking at how the poor are, as a group, “regulated” and how society “morally constructs” views and perceptions of the poor, so that they are vilified, demonized, and politicized as “deviants.” The origins of ‘welfare policies’ and other forms of ‘social welfare’ emerged several hundred years ago as a response to the inability of the economic system to benefit the masses of society, and thus, to prevent – often in the midst of an economic crisis – mass social unrest, rebellion, or potentially, revolution, social welfare policies were implemented as a means of social control: to alleviate some of the tensions from the gross systemic inequalities, and secondly, and often overlooked, as a means of regulating the behaviour, “work ethic” and prospects of the poor; to maintain them as a cheap labour force. This is done through the methods in which social welfare is provided: the process of applying for social services and welfare, the conditions required to be applicable, the demands which must be met by the applicant as determined by the state, the state intervention in the family and personal life of recipients (often through social workers), and other means of both expanding and detracting the amount of people on welfare as a means to sustain the labour force according to the demands of industry. As such, it is important to analyze the origins of “social work” as a means of “social control” and “managing the poor.” Originating in the 16th century, relief giving to the poor began to be transferred from the private realm to the state. In Britain, the poor had to be registered and begging had to be authorized, and the Elizabethan Poor Laws, passed in 1572, “established a ‘poor rate’ tax and provided for secular control of the poor by justices of the peace, so-called overseers of the poor.” The poor were separated into three categories: “a) the poor by impotency, b) the poor by casualty, and c) the thriftless poor.” The third category, “thriftless poor,” were viewed as being responsible for their own condition, and thus had to “work for relief.” In the 18th century, workhouses began to emerge as a “policy innovation” to establish “worth” among the poor, to make them productive to the industrial class through contracting cheap labour in return for minor poverty relief. In the 19th century, the poorhouse “had become the official last resort for the poor.” The poorhouse and workhouse were often examined in the works of Charles Dickens. One is often reminded of the character Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol, when approached by collectors seeking donations for poor relief, with the collector stating, “At this festive time of year, Mr. Scrooge, it is more than usually desirable that we should make some slight provision for the poor and destitute.” To which Scrooge replied, “Are there no prisons?” “Plenty of prisons.” “And the union workhouses – are they still in operation?” “They are. I wish I could say they were not.” “The Treadmill and the Poor Law are in full vigour, then?” “Both very busy, sir.” “Oh, from what you said at first I was afraid that something had happened to stop them in their useful course. I’m very glad to hear it.” Refusing to donate, Scrooge stated, “I help to support the establishments I have mentioned — they cost enough; and those who are badly off must go there.” “Many can’t go there; and many would rather die.” Scrooge replied, “If they would rather die… they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population.” This scene reflected the ideology and philosophy of elites in that era, and indeed, up until present day. The poorhouses of that era were terrible, where “conditions were so awful, the act of relief itself became the test of necessity.” Much like the stigma of welfare in today’s context, “[t]hose who presented themselves to the poorhouse were casting themselves outside of moral society,” as entrance into that situation “symbolized and made painfully concrete a loss of social status, citizenship, and even the right to one’s own labor and physical freedom.” The New Deal following the Great Depression in the 1930s reaffirmed, with its expanded welfare and social services, the stipulation that relief must only be in exchange for work and labour. This represents a “moral construction” of poverty and “the poor,” because they are deemed as being required to work for relief, as in, they are undeserving of relief without conditions, regardless of their circumstances. The “stigma” of poverty and welfare are such that the poor are viewed as generally undeserving of anything, of being the cause of their own poverty, and thus, if they want/need relief, they had better work for it. It was through working and labour that the poor, then, were able to provide a “social worth” in return for “poor relief.” It is thus no coincidence that social security and unemployment insurance were “restricted to individuals classified by policy as workers, that is, individuals with a relatively prolonged and steady formal work history.” As a result, this led to the exclusion of “agricultural and domestic workers as well as those in marginal jobs who moved in and out of work,” which, not coincidentally, included a significant portion of the black population in the United States. With the New Deal, the state in America moved into the realm of activity previously the focus of the philanthropic foundation. In fact, these private foundations were pivotal in the formation of the New Deal. As Barry Karl and Stanley Katz noted, “Franklin Roosevelt preferred to conceal the fact that so many of his major advisers on policy and some of his major programmes in social reform were the result of support by one of more of the private foundations,” particularly through the Rockefeller Foundation and the Social Science Research Council, funded by the Rockefeller and Carnegie foundations. The support from such foundations, which represent the most elite interests within society and the capitalist class itself, founded and run by the wealthiest and most powerful bankers and industrialists of the era, represented an elite fear generated by the mass social unrest of the era brought on by the Great Depression, which was created by that very same class. Thus, social security and the New Deal were a means of securing social control. The New Deal, however, also had a profoundly negative impact upon the “race question” in the United States, which broadly affected the black community. As Christopher G. Wye wrote in the Journal of American History: [T]he New Deal public housing and emergency work programs played an important part in alleviating the problems generated by the Depression, [but] they also contributed to the preservation of perhaps the two salient components which combine to produce a caste-like Negro social structure – residential segregation and a distinctly racial occupational pattern. Civil Rights: From “Black Power” to “Black Capitalism” The major foundations – Ford, Carnegie, and Rockefeller – were also heavily involved in the Civil Rights movement, but with specific aims of social control. In the 1950s, the Ford Foundation began taking an interest in the Civil Rights movement, and after convening a study on how to “improve race relations,” the Ford Foundation began giving grants to black colleges “to improve the quality of their educational offerings.” By 1966, the Civil Rights movement was one of the major areas of Ford Foundation funding. Against the backdrop of the summer of 1966 in which there were 43 “urban disorders” (riots in ghettos), which had been “precipitated by confrontations between blacks and the police,” the Ford Foundation announced that it would “direct significant resources to the social justice area.” Among the aims of the Foundation were: “to improve leadership and programming within minority organizations; to explore approaches to better race relations; to support policy-oriented research on race and poverty; to promote housing integration; and to increase the availability of legal resources through support of litigating organizations and minority law students.” The Ford Foundation also sponsored the Grey Areas program in the early 1960s, which evolved into President Johnson’s “War on Poverty,” as a program for “urban renewal,” but was, in fact, concerned with issues arising out of poor people’s (and particularly poor people of colour’s) resistance to major urban growth projects undertaken by a coalition of corporations and corporatist labour unions following World War II. As Roger Friedland wrote: Political challenge by the poor, and especially the nonwhite poor, threatened the dominance of the corporations and labor unions and the growth policies they pursued. It was the poorest neighborhoods which were displaced by urban renewal and highway construction, whose housing stock was depleted by clearance, whose employment opportunities were often reduced both by the expansion of office employment stimulated by central business district growth and by restrictive unionization on large construction projects and municipal jobs, and whose services were constrained by the enormous fiscal costs of the growth programs. It was in this context that the Ford Foundation established programs aimed at ameliorating the antagonisms within the impoverished communities, not through structural or systemic change of the causes of poverty, but through organization, institutionalization, and legalistic reform programs, thus leading to the government’s “War on Poverty.” The same approach was taken in regards to the Civil Rights movement. There was a transformation between 1966 and 1967 of the notion of ‘black power’, which was increasingly viewed by elites and ‘authorities’, such as J. Edgar Hoover of the FBI, as “the beginning of a true black revolution.” Many advocates of ‘black power’ saw it as the beginnings of a revolt against “white western imperialist” America. The Civil Rights movement was originally “launched by indigenous leadership and primarily mobilized the southern black community.” Thus, it was essential for large foundation funding of the movement, to effectively control its direction and impetus. This “elite involvement would seem to occur only as a response to the threat posed by the generation of a mass-based social movement.” The major foundations “supported the moderate civil rights organizations in response to the ‘radical flank’ threat of the militants, while non-elites (churches, unions and small individual donors) spread their support evenly.” Elite patronage of the Civil Rights movement “diverted leaders from indigenous organizing and exacerbated inter-organizational rivalries, thereby promoting movement decay.” Foundation funding for civil rights did not become significant until 1961-62, five years after the Birmingham bus boycott, and the peak of foundation support for civil rights was in 1972-73, four to five years after the assassination of King. This indicated that foundation grants to civil rights were ‘reactive’, in that they were designed in response to changes in the movement itself, implying that foundation patronage was aimed at social control. Further, most grants went to professionalized social movement organizations (SMOs) and in particular, the NAACP. While the professional SMOs initiated only 14% of movement actions, they accounted for 57% of foundation grants, while the classical SMOs, having carried out roughly 36% of movement actions, received roughly 32% of foundation grants. This disparity grew with time, so that by the 1970s, the classical SMOs garnered 25% of grants and the professional SMOs received nearly 70% of grants. Principally, the NAACP and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund were the most endowed with foundation support. Many of the foundations subsequently became “centrally involved in the formulation of national social policy and responded to elite concerns about the riots.” It became clear that the older, established and moderate organizations received the most outside funding, such as the National Urban League, the NAACP and the Legal Defense and Educational Fund. As the black struggles of the 1960s increasingly grew militant and activist-oriented in the latter half of the 1960s, “foundation contributions became major sources of income for the National Urban League, the Southern Regional Council, and the Legal Defense and Educational Fund.” The attempt was to promote reform instead of losing their vested powers and interests in the face of a growing revolution. The NAACP and the National Urban League represent the more moderate civil rights organizations, as they were also the oldest, with membership primarily made up of middle class African Americans, leading to many, including King himself, to suggest they were disconnected from the reality or in representing poor blacks in America. The radicalization of the black protest movement led to the emergence of challenges to the NAACP and Urban League in being the ‘leaders’ in civil rights, as new organizations emerged which represented a broader array of the black population. Among them were the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), which Martin Luther King led. Foundations increased funding for all of these organizations, but as activism and militancy accelerated in the latter half of the 1960s, the funding declined for the more radical, militant and activist organizations and increased dramatically for the established and moderate organizations. This trend continued going into the 1970s. In 1967, Martin Luther King’s SCLC received $230,000 from the Ford Foundation, yet after his assassination, the organization received no more funding and virtually fell to pieces. That same year, the Ford Foundation gave the NAACP $300,000, and gave the Urban League $585,000. The Rockefeller Foundation granted the League $650,000, with the Carnegie Corporation coming in with $200,000. The Ford Foundation also gave the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) $175,000 in 1967. In 1968, with the SCLC out of the picture, Ford increased funding for CORE to $300,000, increased grants to the NAACP to $378,000, and gave the Urban League a monumental grant of $1,480,000. The same year, the Rockefeller Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation gave the NAACP $500,000 and $200,000 respectively. Clearly, the foundations were supporting the older established and moderate organizations over the new, young and activist/radical organizations. For the following year, 1969, CORE received no more grants from foundations, while the Ford, Rockefeller and Carnegie foundations increased their grants to the NAACP and the Urban League. In 1974, the NAACP received grants of $950,000 from the Ford Foundation, $250,000 from the Rockefeller Foundation, and $200,000 from the Carnegie Corporation. The Urban League received grants of $2,350,000 from the Ford Foundation and $350,000 from the Rockefeller Foundation. The strategic use of foundation funding helped undermine and outmaneuver the radical and militant civil rights organizations, while strengthening and institutionalizing the reform-oriented organizations. This co-optation of the civil rights movement was so vital to these elite interests for the principle reason of the movement taking its natural course, out of an ethnic or race-based focus and into a class and global social focus. A. Philip Randolph, a civil rights leader, spoke in 1963 at an ALF-CIO convention at which he stated, “The Negro’s protest today is but the first rumbling of the ‘under-class.’ As the Negro has taken to the streets, so will the unemployed of all races take to the streets.” The aim of foundation funding for the Civil Rights movement was to direct it from a potentially revolutionary position – that of ‘Black Power’ – and transform it into a reformist and legalistic movement, ostensibly to establish “Black Capitalism.” Thus, instead of changing the systemic and institutional structures of society which had created racism, segregation, and exploitation, the “success” of the Civil Rights movement (apart from the very real achievements of securing basic civil rights for black citizens) was seen by elites as the ability of blacks to rise within the institutional and hierarchical system which dominated society, not to challenge or change it fundamentally. The “Excess of Democracy” In the 1970s, elite intellectual discussion was dominated by what was referred to as “democratic overload,” or what the Trilateral Commission referred to in a report of the same title as, “The Crisis of Democracy.” One of the principal authors of this 1975 report was Samuel Huntington, who wrote that the 1960s saw a surge in democracy in America, with an upswing in citizen participation, often “in the form of marches, demonstrations, protest movements, and ‘cause’ organizations.” Further, “the 1960s also saw a reassertion of the primacy of equality as a goal in social, economic, and political life.” Of course, for Huntington and the Trilateral Commission, which was founded by Huntington’s friend, Zbigniew Brzezinski, and banker David Rockefeller, the idea of “equality as a goal in social, economic, and political life” is a terrible and frightening prospect. Huntington analyzed how as part of this “democratic surge,” statistics showed that throughout the 1960s and into the early 1970s, there was a dramatic increase in the percentage of people who felt the United States was spending too much on defense (from 18% in 1960 to 52% in 1969, largely due to the Vietnam War). Huntington wrote that the “essence of the democratic surge of the 1960s was a general challenge to existing systems of authority, public and private,” and that, “People no longer felt the same compulsion to obey those whom they had previously considered superior to themselves in age, rank, status, expertise, character, or talents.” He explained that in the 1960s, “hierarchy, expertise, and wealth” had come “under heavy attack.” He stated that the three key issues which were central to the increased political participation in the 1960s were: social issues, such as use of drugs, civil liberties, and the role of women; racial issues, involving integration, busing, government aid to minority groups, and urban riots; military issues, involving primarily, of course, the war in Vietnam but also the draft, military spending, military aid programs, and the role of the military-industrial complex more generally. Huntington presented these issues, essentially, as the “crisis of democracy,” in that they increased distrust with the government and authority, that they led to social and ideological polarization, and ultimately, to a “decline in the authority, status, influence, and effectiveness of the presidency.” Huntington concluded that many problems of governance in the United States stem from an “excess of democracy,” and that, “the effective operation of a democratic political system usually requires some measure of apathy and noninvolvement on the part of some individuals and groups.” Huntington explained that society has always had “marginal groups” which do not participate in politics, and while acknowledging that the existence of “marginality on the part of some groups is inherently undemocratic,” it has also “enabled democracy to function effectively.” Huntington identifies “the blacks” as one such group that had become politically active, posing a “danger of overloading the political system with demands.” Huntington, in his conclusion, stated that the vulnerability of democracy, essentially the ‘crisis of democracy,’ comes “from the internal dynamics of democracy itself in a highly educated, mobilized, and participant society,” and that what is needed is “a more balanced existence” in which there are “desirable limits to the indefinite extension of political democracy.” Summed up, the Trilateral Commission Task Force Report essentially explained that the “Crisis of Democracy” is that there is too much of it, and so the ‘solution’ to the crisis, is to have less democracy and more ‘authority’. To have “less democracy,” however, required careful and strategic moves and considerations. Primarily, the means through which this objective would be reached was through the disciplinary measures of the “free market” and “regulation of the poor.” This led to the neoliberal era, where this program of “reducing democracy” took place not only in the United States, but on a global scale. The disciplinary means undertaken in the ‘Third World’ nations were brought on by the 1980s debt crisis, and the World Bank and IMF “structural adjustment programs” which invariably expanded poverty, debt, and supported ruthless dictatorships which suppressed their own populations. This era also saw the “globalization of the ghetto” with the rapid development of urban slums around the world, to the point where over one billion people today live in slums. In the United States, the middle classes began to be mired in debt, particular the expansion of student debt, which served as a disciplinary feature, so that students were no longer activists or mobilized, but simply had to graduate and get jobs to pay off their debts. A 1971 memo written by a representative of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce reflected the fear inherent in the Trilateral Commission report of a few years later at the problems posed to elite interests by the “excess of democracy.” It referred to these “excesses” as a “broad attack” on the American economic system. The memo noted that, “the assault on the enterprise system is broadly based and consistently pursued. It is gaining momentum and converts.” While noting that sources of the attack include leftists and revolutionaries, it also acknowledged that the “attack” was being joined “from perfectly respectable elements of society: from the college campus, the pulpit, the media, the intellectual and literary journals, the arts and sciences, and from politicians.” The author of the memo stated that, “If our system is to survive, top [corporate] management must be equally concerned with protecting and preserving the system itself.” It went on: But independent and uncoordinated activity by individual corporations, as important as this is, will not be sufficient. Strength lies in organization, in careful long-range planning and implementation, in consistency of action over an indefinite period of years, in the scale of financing available only through joint effort, and in the political power available only through united action and national organizations. The memo then went on to articulate a major program of “counter attack” with an emphasis on changing the educational system, the media, and bringing the state and courts more directly into the business community’s orbit. This era saw the emergence of the major right-wing think tanks, and the expanded influence of business leaders in the media, government, and universities, crowned with the Reagan-Thatcher era of neoliberalism: privatization, deregulation, debt-expansion, impoverishment, and punishment. Punishing the Poor In regards to the black population, who created quite a stir among the American elites in the 1960s and into the 1970s, the response from the elite sector was similar as to what it was during the Reconstruction period following the Civil War: mass incarceration. Reagan’s “war on drugs” led to a rapid expansion of legislation purportedly aimed to reduce the problems of the illicit drug trade in the United States (while the Reagan administration secretly supported the drug trade in covert operations abroad, such as in Nicaragua, the Iran-Contra Scandal, etc.). The growth of the prison population in the United States from 1975 onward was marked simultaneously by a decline in welfare recipients. In fact, the largest prison systems were established in states with the weaker welfare systems. Between 1980 and 2000, “the number of people incarcerated in the United States increased by 300 percent, from 500,000 to nearly 2 million.” The parole and probation population, by 2000, included 3.8 million people, and by 1998, “nearly 6 million people – almost 3 percent of the adult population – were under some form of correctional supervision.” As reported in the journal, Punishment & Society: The impact of these developments has fallen disproportionately on young African-Americans and Latinos. By 1994, one of every three black males between the ages of 18-34 was under some form of correctional supervision, and the number of Hispanic prisoners has more than quintupled since 1980. These developments are not primarily the consequence of rising crime rates, but rather the ‘get-tough’ policies of the wars on crime and drugs. As sociologists Katherine Beckett and Bruce Western wrote, “in the wake of the Reagan revolution, penal and welfare institutions have come to form a single policy regime aimed at the governance of social marginality,” or, in other words, the management of the poor and non-white populations. Thus, reduced welfare spending as a method of social control was replaced with increased incarceration and imprisonment. The prison system itself, which had its origins in the application of social control, functioned through segregation and discrimination, has not evolved from these institutional ideologies that saw its development over several hundred years. The prison and incarceration, according to philosopher and historian Michel Foucault, was “a new form of repression, designed to consolidate the political and economic power of capitalism under the modern state,” in what he termed, “the disciplinary society.” Just as took place during the criminalization of black life following the Civil War, the criminalization of black life following the Civil Rights Movement saw not only the growth of incarceration rates for the black community, but also saw the growth of the use of the prison population as a source of cheap labour. In today’s context, with privatization of prisons, outsourcing of prison labour, and other forms of exploitation of the “punished” population, this has given rise to what is often referred to as the “prison-industrial complex.” This article was but a brief sampling of some of the information, issues, ideas, events, and processes that will be thoroughly researched and written about in two chapters for The People’s Book Project. If you found the information enlightening, interesting, or important, please contribute to the People’s Grant goal of raising $1,600 to finance the completion of two chapters on this subject, which will include a great deal more than was sampled above, deeper analysis, more detailed and documented understandings, and a much wider, global contextualization. This was but a minor fraction of what can be completed with the support of readers. Help get this important information into the public sphere. As the global economic crisis rapidly expands the global rates of impoverishment, as the middle class vanishes into debt and poverty, and as our societies are reorganized to “manage” these social, political, and economic changes, this history is vital to understanding not only the objectives, ideas and actions of elites, but also the ways in which the people may challenge them. Contribute to The People’s Grant: Andrew Gavin Marshall is an independent researcher and writer based in Montreal, Canada, writing on a number of social, political, economic, and historical issues. He is also Project Manager of The People’s Book Project. He also hosts a weekly podcast show, “Empire, Power, and People,” on BoilingFrogsPost.com. A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., “Racism and the Early American Legal Process, 1619-1896,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (Vol. 407, No. 1, May 1973), page 1. Ibid, page 6. David McNally, Another World is Possible: Globalization and Anti-Capitalism (Arbeiter Ring Publishing, 2006), page 149. Ibid, page 150. Ibid, pages 151-152. Ibid, pages 152-153. Ibid, page 153. Ibid, pages 153-154. Ibid, pages 154-155. Ibid, page 155. William Cohen, “Negro Involuntary Servitude in the South, 1865-1940,” The Journal of Southern History (Vol. 42, No. 1, February 1976), page 33. Ibid, page 34. Brian Kelly, “Labor, Race, and the Search for a Central Theme in the History of the Jim Crow South,” Irish Journal of American Studies (Vol. 10, 2001), page 58. William H. Worger, “Convict Labour, Industrialists and the State in the US South and South Africa, 1870-1930,” Journal of Southern African Studies (Vol. 30, No. 1, March 2004), page 68. Ibid, pages 68-69. Ibid, page 85. Eduardo Mendieta, “Plantations, Ghettos, Prisons: US Racial Geographies,” Philosophy and Geography (Vol. 7, No. 1, February 2004), page 52. Ibid, pages 52-53. Carl H. Nightingale, “A Tale of Three Global Ghettos: How Arnold Hirsch Helps Us Internationalize U.S. Urban History,” Journal of Urban History (Vol. 29, No. 3, March 2003), page 262. Ibid, page 265. Karen Ferguson, “Organizing the Ghetto: The Ford Foundation, CORE, and White Power in the Black Power Era, 1967-1969,” Journal of Urban History (Vol. 34, No. 1, November 2007), pages 69, 96. William J. Quirk and Leon E. Wein, “Homeownership for the Poor: Tenant Condominiums, the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, and the Rockefeller Program,” Cornell Law Review (Vol. 54, No. 6, July 1969), pages 849, 855. Peter L. Laurence, “The Death and Life of Urban Design: Jane Jacobs, The Rockefeller Foundation and the New Research in Urbanism, 1955-1965,” Journal of Urban Design (Vol. 11, No. 2, June 2006), page 145. Robert F. Arnove, ed., Philanthropy and Cultural Imperialism: The Foundations at Home and Abroad (Indiana University Press, 1980), pages 180-181. Ibid, page 181. Ibid, page 182. Ibid, pages 185-186. Ibid, pages 188-190. Ibid, page 194. Evelyn Z. Brodkin, “The Making of an Enemy: How Welfare Policies Construct the Poor,” Law & Social Inquiry (Vol. 18, No. 4, Autumn 1993), pages 655-656. Ibid, pages 656-658. Barry D. Karl and Stanley N. Katz, “The American Private Philanthropic Foundation and the Public Sphere 1890-1930,” Minerva (Vol. 19, No. 2, Summer 1981), page 268. J. Craig Jenkins and Barbara Brents, “Capitalists and Social Security: What Did They Really Want?” American Sociological Review (Vol. 56, No. 1, February 1991), page 129. Christopher G. Wye, “The New Deal and the Negro Community: Toward a Broader Conceptualization,” The Journal of American History (Vol. 59, No. 3, December 1972), page 639. Lynn Walker, “The Role of Foundations in Helping to Reach the Civil Rights Goals of the 1980s,” Rutgers Law Review, (1984-1985), page 1059. Ibid, page 1060. Roger Friedland, “Class Power and Social Control: The War on Poverty,” Politics & Society (Vol. 6, No. 4, December 1976), pages 459-461. Robert C. Smith, “Black Power and the Transformation from Protest to Policies,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 96, No. 3, (Autumn, 1981), page 438 J. Craig Jenkins and Craig M. Eckert, “Channeling Black Insurgency: Elite Patronage and Professional Social Movement Organizations in the Development of the Black Movement,” American Sociological Review, Vol. 51, No. 6, (Dec., 1986), page 814. Ibid, page 815. Ibid, pages 819-820. Ibid, page 821. Ibid, page 826. Herbert H. Haines, “Black Radicalization and the Funding of Civil Rights: 1957-1970,” Social Problems, Vol. 32, No. 1, Thematic Issue on Minorities and Social Movements, (Oct., 1984), page 38. Ibid, page 40. Martin N. Marger, “Social Movement Organizations and Response to Environmental Change: The NAACP, 1960- 1973,” Social Problems, Vol. 32, No. 1, Thematic Issue on Minorities and Social Movements, (Oct., 1984), page 22. Ibid, page 25. Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States (Harper: New York, 2003), page 464. Michel J. Crozier, Samuel P. Huntington and Joji Watanuki, The Crisis of Democracy. (Report on the Governability of Democracies to the Trilateral Commission, New York University Press, 1975), page 61. Ibid, page 62. Ibid, page 71. Ibid, pages 74-75. Ibid, page 77. Ibid, page 93. Ibid, pages 113-114. Ibid, page 115. Lewis F. Powell, Jr., “Confidential Memorandum: Attack of American Free Enterprise System,” U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 23 August 1971: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/personality/sources_document13.html Katherine Beckett and Bruce Western, “Governing Social Marginality: Welfare, Incarceration, and the Transformation of State Policy,” Punishment & Society (Vol. 3, No. 1, January 2001), pages 43-44. Ibid, page 55. Robert P. Weiss, “Humanitarianism, Labour Exploitation, or Social Control? A Critical Survey of Theory and Research on the Origin and Development of Prisons,” Social History (Vol. 12, No. 3, October 1987), page 333. Rose M. Brewer and Nancy A. Heitzeg, “The Racialization of Crime and Punishment: Criminal Justice, Color-Blind Racism, and the Political Economy of the Prison Industrial Complex,” American Behavioral Scientist (Vol. 51, No. 5, January 2008).

A biologist and a psychologist at the University of York have joined forces with a drug discovery group at Lundbeck in Denmark to develop a potential route to new therapies for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Dr Chris Elliott, of the Department of Biology, and Dr Alex Wade, of the Department of Psychology, have devised a technique that could both provide an early warning of the disease and result in therapies to mitigate its symptoms. In research reported in Human Molecular Genetics, they created a more sensitive test which detected neurological changes before degeneration of the nervous system became apparent. In laboratory tests using fruit flies, the researchers discovered that a human genetic mutation that causes Parkinson's amplified visual signals in young flies dramatically. This resulted in loss of vision in later life. Working with researchers from the Danish pharmaceutical company, H.Lundbeck A/S, they tested a new drug that targets the Parkinson's mutation in flies. This drug prevented the abnormal changes in the flies' visual function. It is the first time that the compound has been used in vivo and its effectiveness was analyzed using the new, sensitive technique devised by Dr Wade. This was originally used for measuring vision in people with eye disease and epilepsy. Dr Elliott, who is part-funded by Parkinson's UK, said: "If this kind of drug proves to be successful in clinical trials, it would have the potential to bring long-lasting relief from PD symptoms and fewer side effects than existing levadopa therapy." Dr Wade added: "This technique forms a remarkable bridge between human clinical science and animal research. If it proves successful in the future, it could open the door to a new way of studying a whole range of neurological diseases." Senior Vice President, Research at Lundbeck, Kim Andersen, said: "This new research may prove to be groundbreaking in the understanding and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Science does not currently have answers for what happens in the brain before and during the disease, but these discoveries may bring us closer to this understanding. This may also give us the opportunity to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease, for the benefit of patients and their families." - F. Afsari, K. V. Christensen, G. P. Smith, M. Hentzer, O. M. Nippe, C. J. H. Elliott, A. R. Wade. Abnormal visual gain control in a Parkinson's disease model. Human Molecular Genetics, 2014; DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu159 Cite This Page:

Wednesday, January 25, 2012 Hanging Out My Shingle After spending several years raising my five beautiful children, I've decided to step back into the professional arena and re-start my genealogy business. And lest you think that I haven't done genealogy in years, I assure you, it's been the main cause of unfolded laundry and "cereal-for-dinner" nights in our household. I've worked on several projects over the years for family and friends, pro bono, because it's kept me sharp and given me experience outside of my own family tree. I've enjoyed learning about fascinating people from all over the United States and various countries (British Isles and Romania, most recently). One of my favorite projects of all time involved a young rogue who changed his name and made and lost fortunes - and families - moving on to the next adventure, leaving his family thinking he had died. The piecing together hung on his naming one of his son's a very unique name - which happened to be the name of his younger brother back east. He deserves an entire post (if not book) about his life and shenanigans. I've also had the opportunity to do a few transcription projects. One involved a beautiful letter box of a young woman, handed down through the generations, with remarkably preserved letters written to her from would-be sweethearts, family and friends. Another project came about as I "met" a new relative on-line, and she mentioned that she had a cassette tape from the 1980's of an amazing and spunky aunt who lived over a century, that immigrated from Romania as a girl. Hearing her talk about her life story, from a child in Romania, to a young girl working in a textile factory in Los Angeles, to losing her husband to the 1918 flu epidemic, to owning her own grocery store and raising her three daughters, was one of the most priceless experiences I've ever had. I love researching and discovering people in history. I love old letters and recorded memories and journals and newspapers, too - they flesh out the skeleton of the pedigree chart and bring people from black and white back into rich color (it amazes me how human nature hasn't changed much over the years.) I'm excited to use my knowledge and experience and intuition, doing something I love, to help others discover their family. Posted by MamaX5 at 1:49 PM

Michelle Woods' quest for a state championship this season started as soon as her last season ended. The Community School basketball star had a difficult junior year. Woods missed half the season then saw the Seahawks' bid for a second straight title end in the Class 2A championship game. That finals loss to Gainesville-P.K. Yonge fueled Woods' fire to get back to the top in her senior season. "She said, ‘We're going back to win,'" said Mitch Woods, Michelle's father and Community School head coach. "Right after we lost to P.K. Yonge, she said, ‘I'm going to win it. I'm going to go out a state champ.'" The prediction was right on the money. Michelle Woods stayed healthy the entire season and led the Seahawks to their second 2A championship in three years. Woods also earned her second Daily News Girls Basketball Player of the Year award in three years. Though her all-around numbers were slightly down from what she averaged as a sophomore, when she was named the Florida Dairy Farmers' Class 2A Player of the Year, Woods said nothing tops her senior season. "Senior year stands out more because I was 100 percent," Woods said. "Sophomore year and junior year I was injured here and there. It was best to win player of the year as a senior." Woods' put up 18.2 points, 6.0 rebounds, 5.5 assists and 2.2 steals a game for Community School. She recently was named one of 12 finalists for 2A player of the year for the second time. The award will be announced later this month. With 2,365 career points, Woods will graduate as one of the top scorers in Collier County basketball history. Yet she knew she would have to do more than score this season. The Seahawks had a young team and a small roster — Woods was the only senior of the eight players on the team — so she worked on her ballhandling and leadership skills. "She's more of a by-example type of leader," Mitch Woods said. "She's one of the hardest workers in practice. Being the best player and doing those things, it shows everyone else that there's no room for slacking. If the best player is working that hard, there's no excuse for anyone else not to." Michelle Woods moves on to Miami next season, where she'll go against some of the best players in the nation during Atlantic Coast Conference action. While she still wants to tweak her game before becoming a Hurricane, she can take some time now to reflect on her distinguished high school career. "Winning states two times in three years, that's a very big accomplishment," Woods said. "It's even better because I played with these girls for so many years." Need Help? Call us at 1-888-878-6842. Monday-Friday: 6am-6pm / Saturday: 7am-3pm / Sunday: 7am-2pm

The source for information about programs and services available for you in Peterborough and beyond. Get connected! Our information is kept up to date on a weekly basis, so even if you just visited our site, chances are there is already something new, worth taking a look at. Don't be a stranger come back and visit us frequently. Also tell your friends. If there is something that you think we are missing or something that you would like to see, contact us with your ideas and we will make it happen. The City of Peterborough has their very own Youth Council. Recently, an new 10 member Youth Council was formed for the 2014- 2015 school year. They are the voice of the young people in our community. If you wish to let us know your concerns or issues, please email us. Taking youth voices to the next level! email [email protected] for an application or call 705 742-7777 x 1805 for further information. Mayor's Youth Award Nominations are now being excepted for the Mayor's Youth Award. The next award ceremony will be taking place during the winter of 2015 in the Council Chambers. Applications can be obtained on-line www.peterborough.ca or by calling 705 742-7777 x 1805 or by email [email protected] Check this out! National Youth Week is fast approaching! Watch for the upcoming calender of fun events to be posted.

How well will Smith adjust to left tackle? JUL 30, 2012 3:08p ET One I wanted to tackle was something that won't get near the ink of the fictional "window" of the Cowboys or the handling of Dez Bryant, but it is far more interesting to me than either of those well-discussed items. That is, how well will the Cowboys tackle position be fortified with the flip-flopping of Tyron Smith from right to left tackle, and Doug Free going the opposite direction? How can a rookie hold up against the gauntlet of studs that will come his way on Romo's blind side, and just as important how will Free respond to having a very difficult year at left tackle in his first season under his new hefty contract? Let's use this email as a jumping off point: My question – Everyone raved about Tyron Smith last year and criticized Free. To me, it looked like Smith benefited from having Kosier next to him…..and Free was a little more lost without Kosier. Free had a good year with Kosier next to him in 2010. What do you think? Bob Woodyard Jerry Jones and I have a large philosophical difference in opinion when it comes to football it seems, and I have noticed this since I have started covering his team in 1998. It appears that he places a premium - whether in money or in draft picks - on skill position players well above players on the two lines of scrimmage. Whereas, aside from the obvious position of quarterback - I feel the exact opposite about the game of football. I believe, even in 2012 where there is more passing than ever, that this is still a game that is usually won by the team with the better pass protection and ability to destroy their opponent's pass protection. The greatest example of this is the Giants, despite uneven quarterback play for large swaths of the last five years have managed to win two Super Bowls, largely because they have been able to generate a dominating pass rush group that never seems to need a blitz in its attack. When you can easily drop seven men in coverage, then you don't have to have great defensive backs - and they don't. They simply enjoy a rotation that reduced Aaron Rodgers to a poor facsimile of himself last January. Regardless, as Jerry Jones has continued to spend his most important assets on defensive backs, wide receivers, and running backs, I have spent a lot of time typing protests on this blog about the fact that the Cowboys need to invest in their lines more. They need to help DeMarcus Ware destroy passing attacks and they need to give Tony Romo a chance by being able to hold off the Giants pass rush. And in 2011, it happened. The Cowboys had a top 10 pick, and they resisted the urge to do anything other than what the situation call for by taking a fantastic offensive lineman prospect, Tyron Smith. Smith's rookie season certainly came with a fair amount of lessons, but there was a ton to like from one of the youngest players in all of the NFL. Here is what I documented back in January about his rookie campaign: RT - Tyron Smith - 641 pass plays - 8 sacks: A world of expectations have been placed on Tyron Smith, and he took every single snap he could this season at right tackle. From day one, teams tried to confuse him with stunts and blitzes to make his rookie head spin. He also was victim to some old tricks with one pass rush move setting up another. He had Calvin Pace beat him in Week 1, Ryan Kerrigan in Week 3. Willie Young bull rushed him on to his back to end the Lions game, Andre Carter went clean around his flank in game 5. Then Jason Babin used two inside spins to get him in Philadelphia and Trevor Laws stunted around him to get a third in that forgettable night against the Eagles. But, here is the great news. Starting in the second half of the year, as the rest of the line was crumbling, Tyron was figuring it out. Kerrigan got him again in Washington and Michael Bennett did get his flank in Tampa Bay, but that was it. All of the troubles against the Giants were not because of right tackle. In his first seven games, Tyron game up six sacks. In his last nine games, he only conceded two. His upside is immense and he is only getting better. Meanwhile, let us offer the reminder of how Doug Free's season went the opposite way: LT - Doug Free - 641 pass plays - 10 sacks: Free started the season very well coming off his new contract. In the first four weeks of the season, Free was not involved in hardly any situations that led to sacks. Andre Carter went around his edge in New England, as did James Hall of the Rams, and Trent Cole of the Eagles. There was one blitz awareness issue in the game at Washington that led to London Fletcher's sack, but otherwise a very strong month of November. But, in December, Free was just beaten over and over again (6 of his 10 sacks in December). In fairness to Free, Jason Pierre Paul was dominating the rest of the league, too, but against the Giants and JPP, Free was eaten alive. four sacks in two games just from the left tackle spot and Trent Cole got him again in Dallas. In all, I had Free as the primary blame in 10 sacks this season, but with two against Cole and three against Pierre-Paul (and 1 more against Chris Canty) meant that six of his 10 sacks allowed were against the Giants and Eagles. Free sees the toughest match-up nearly ever Sunday, so, I am not here to suggest he is doing a lousy job, but it does appear that he might be more of a right tackle in the long term. So, as we head to 2012, the decision has been made on the switch. The Cowboys did the right thing in getting Smith a year under his belt before throwing him to the second most important position on the offense. This assignment should not be taken lightly and it won't be. The NFC East is a spot where there is no place to hide for either tackle. The edge rushers in the division are awesome. In New York, it is Justin Tuck and Jason Pierre Paul. In Washington, it is Ryan Kerrigan and Brian Orakpo. And in Philadelphia it is Jason Babin and Trent Cole. Not only that, but now the interior of those defensive lines are improving as well. Fletcher Cox will join Cullen Jenkins on the interior in Philadelphia. And the Giants will add Shaun Rogers and Marvin Austin returns from missing an entire year. How the Cowboys continue to avoid major investment on their offensive line's interior suggests to me that they didn't watch much of last December's game tape. That is the only explanation that I can come up with, because I still believe guard-center-guard is a major place of concern for a team that could have fortified that substantially with the 2012 draft. Instead, they took a very talented corner and hope that what they have is good enough in front of Romo. Back to Bob's email. Did Tyron benefit from having a better guard next to him than Free did? Well, what is interesting is that Free's play was better when Bill Nagy was the left guard. Nagy was really struggling and the position improved when Montrae Holland was brought in to replace him after his injury. And in December, Free was just over-run with a pass rush that had exhausted him. Smith, meanwhile had a clean December which says quite a bit given what was happening all around him. I think the caliber of the guard can affect the tackle, but for the most part, it is line calls and blitz pick-ups more than it is the ability to simply stay in front of your man. I don't think Kosier was helping Smith very much blocking-wise. It appeared that they took the training wheels of Smith early and left him on an island. With his long arms and great recovery, he showed he had great quality. But, let's not kid ourselves. Left tackle is harder to play. There are fewer occasions where you have a tight end next to you. And, with Trent Cole, Brian Orakpo, and Jason Pierre Paul usually over there, it is a harder assignment. He also will see plenty of Julius Peppers and James Harrison when those teams come to Arlington. He will get beat this season. But, I think he will emerge quite well, because he is that good. Free, on the other hand, will have to rebound. His confidence was not done any favors last December. And, even though right tackle is not regarded the same way, in today's NFL, the good teams have two edge rushers and the right tackle is going to have to deal with Ryan Kerrigan, Justin Tuck, and Jason Babin. And if you think that is a picnic, you need to watch those players more often. I am curious about how Romo deals with all of this. As we have seen on the blog in the last few weeks here and here, Romo was starting to hear footsteps quite a bit and he would bail out of the pocket before he had to on some occasions. It appeared he was expecting Free to lose his battle rather than wait for Free to lose. So, he was spinning away and actually making some of his best throws of the year, but to run an efficient offense where you can spread the ball around, you have to believe in your protection. I am curious if this adjustment will actually result in Romo being able to sit in the pocket a bit longer and be able to find something downfield that turns into a nice gain. It all looks good right now, but 37 days from now in New York that will certainly be tested.

How Will Obama's Israel Visit Play Out at Home?3/21/2013 4:49PM President Obama made a public appeal for sacrifice in the name of peace during his visit to Israel. How will the visit play out stateside? Jerry Seib reports. This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate. ... the the ... TheStreet piece ... must be a strong insecure or ... Jewish state ... for Israel's security concerns are met ... alongside a sovereign and independent ... Palestinian ... state ... present Obama I in Israel good thing a two state solution for Mideast pace ... woman use up or down back and so much mall right here right now ... I'm Simon Constable we got Jerry Sithe of The will Street gentle joining us now from Washington ... Tom Jerry ... I think Lily ALM that the Mideast is like a magnet the US president someone in to sold the region's problems ... the question is how I can play with the U S Photos twenty you think ... well I don't think is a bigger problem with U S voters I think what present Obama said in a speech today was pretty vague and premature keeping with U S policy in not even a conflict with Israeli Palestinian ... Benjamin Netanyahu the Israeli Prime Minister is for two state solution he said that the pass ... didn't talk about it very much these days but that's his position ... so there's nothing predict the controversial about it ... the audience for this beach is much more that domestic Israeli audience you know the interesting part of this beat me was ... the section which ... the present Obama essentially one over their head of Prime Minister Netanyahu went to the Israeli people in this day and said essentially ... governments don't make ... it grew bolder risky proposals on was the pressure from their own constituents to do it ... that's you it is essentially asking the Israelis and the young Israelis in this audience has been to ... create some pressure on their own Prime Minister get moving on the Palestinian peace process ... not match area ... during the trek from there were a number of rockets fired from ... the Gaza Strip into into Israel ... does that mom poll in any way affect the school for a two state solution or is where scientists can enhance and it did it saw from Intel ... well look I don't think there's anybody who thinks there's a solution out there that is in the two state solution and more in today's in which ... people but Israel could somehow absorb ... the entire ... West Bank the Gaza Strip or altar which are all over some Arab state ... those are sort of gone so I don't think there's anything ... of that in the rocket attack ... that gets in the way of the basic idea here ... with the rocket attack does is it shows you on the one hand the ... Palestinians are fairly desperate on the other hand ... it might be seen to show you that at ten am and that this sort of thing I mean ... firing rockets into Israel a time when there's an American president or in Israel out people make peace with those folks ... maybe not the best they can make an international diplomacy for their own cause ... but that sort of a different issue ... it's not that it was a was a major attack I think it's kind of embarrassing for the Palestinians were financing else ... made by the way been designed to make life difficult for talks with Abbas the leader of the Palestinian Authority ... who does not run Gaza Strip with the truck to come ... not now cherry abt you mention that this was the end of that domestic Israeli population ... the roof it came in the US that the criticisms of President Obama that he hasn't been friendly enough to to Israel as as the state ... aam does this help deflect of those that this accusations ... well I'm not sure today speech does it affect you know it may be headed to get me out of it than a little bit of tears to extend as I said that he's seen as trying to put pressure on Israeli Prime minister to do with the UAW's wants ... that may be at the bit of a problem in that regard ... I think that's overwhelm by what happened yesterday when ... the president went much further than it has in the past to say in effect to say explicitly ... I'd get Israel's back when it comes to the really big threat that the Israelis see which is the Iranian nuclear program ... and by the way if they feel they have to go to attack those Iranian nuclear facilities ... they've essentially got my green light to do so not going to talk about it ... that I think is the that was the day yesterday they really want much for that to assuage those concerns that he's not supportive ... enough of Israel ... and my guess is in the long run bouts of people ... who are concerned about the question will take away from the strep ... content was good news that thank you Brian much so it's it's Jerry Sithe of The will Street gentle mall on what's going on in Israel believes day don't come ...

Nightmare RangeThe Collected Sueno and Bascom Short Stories Soho CrimeCopyright © 2013 Martin Limon All right reserved.ISBN: 9781616953324 The mama-san didn’t know how long the body had been out there. Three, maybe four days, she said. Her girls had just conducted their business a few yards farther away from it each day. “Where is it now?” I asked. “Policeman take go.” She waved her cigarette and smoke filtered through the darkened gaps between her teeth. The morgue was in Chorwon-ni, ten miles to the south. Ten miles south of Nightmare Range, and fifteen miles from the Demilitarized Zone that slashes like a surgeon’s knife through the heart of the Korean Peninsula. The war had been over for twenty years but still it lingered: a big dumb ghost that refused to go away. No peace treaty had been signed, just a cease-fire, so the fourth and fifth largest armies in the world, armed to their squinting eyeballs, faced each other across the line; fingers on trigger housings, knuckles white, dancing to the sound of no breathing. Our police escort, Lieutenant Pak, stood back, arms crossed, glaring at the squatting woman. He was a tall man for a Korean, slim but muscular. His khakis were starched and fit as if he had been born in them. I didn’t ask him why it had taken so long to dispose of the body. The non-person status of a “business girl” follows her into death. One by one the doors to the hooches slid open and groggy young women, their faces still puffed with sleep, gaped at us curiously. Some squatted in long underwear, their arms crossed over their knees, while others lay on the floor, beneath the wrinkled patchworks that were their blankets. All of the girls were ugly in some way: ravaged complexions, tufted hair, splotches of discolored skin arrayed around their bodies. It seem more like a war for the incurably ill than a whorehouse. Maybe it was both. Lieutenant Pak asked a series of questions of the old woman and I managed, struggling, to keep up with most of it. There had been a number of American units in the field that day and just before nightfall the old woman had stationed a few of her girls near each encampment. As darkness approached the girls called to the young GIs from just outside the concertina wire. I’d seen the game before. Sometimes the GI would wade out into the tall grass and lie on the blanket, both he and the deformed girl protected by the enshrouding night. And sometimes the bolder fellows would bring the girls into their tents, risking the wrath of the Sergeant of the Guard; sneaking in and out of the camp with the stealth of a North Korean infiltrator. I pulled out a map, showed it to the mama-san, and pointed to the area around Nightmare Range and the village of Mantong-ni. The old woman looked at it carefully and consulted with some of the girls. A few of them were up now and dressed. They chattered for a while, and then came to a conclusion. With my pen I marked the area beneath the old woman’s gnarled fingernail. I asked what type of unit it was. Big guns, they decided. Lieutenant Pak wiped his hands on the sides of his khaki trousers and took a step toward the gate. “Mama-san,” I said. “This girl. What was her name?” “Miss Chon,” the old woman said. “Chon Ki-suk.” I wrote it down. “Do you have a picture of her?” The mama-san barked an order and one of the girls handed me a tattered piece of cardboard folded in half like a small book. A VD card. Chon Ki-suk peered out at me from a small black and white photograph. She had a round face with full cheeks that sagged like a bloated chipmunk. All visible flesh had been pocked by the craters of skin disease. She differed little from her sisters now breathing heavily around me; a timid little girl awaiting death. Lieutenant Pak stomped into the mud. I stood up and walked with him to the gate. As he stooped to get through the small opening I looked back at the rows of blemished faces sullenly watching our every move. None of them smiled. None of them said goodbye. My partner, Ernie Bascom, was in the jeep curled up with a brown-paper-wrapped magazine from somewhere in Scandinavia. He unfolded his six-foot frame as we approached and started up the jeep. Some people said he looked like the perfect soldier: blue eyes behind round-lensed glasses, short-cropped sandy-blond hair, the aquiline nose of the European races. What had blown it for him was Vietnam. Pure horse sold by dirty-faced kids through the wire, women taken on the dusty paths between rice paddies, the terror rocket attacks during innocent hours. His placid exterior hid a soul that had written off the world as a madhouse. Looks were deceiving. Especially in Ernie’s case. We dropped Lieutenant Pak off in Mantong-ni. A dozen straw-thatched farm houses huddled around the brick-walled police station as if longing for an extinguishing warmth. Ernie popped the clutch, our tires spun, and we lurched forward into the misted distance. The roads were still slick but all that was left of the early morning rain were ponderous gray clouds rolling like slow-motion whales through the hills surrounding the long valley. We plunged into a damp tunnel and when we came out the valley widened before us. Dark clouds in the distance glowered at us like fat dragons lowering on their haunches for a nap. “Nightmare Range,” Ernie said. “Where generals meet to see how much their boys can take.” He pumped lightly on the brakes and slid around a sharp curve. The water-filled rice paddies on either side of the road strained impatiently to embrace our spinning tires. This valley had been the scene of some of the most horrific battles of the Korean War. Americans, Chinese, Koreans, all had died her and the bones of some of them probably still embraced each other deep beneath the piled mud. I had looked it up in the military section in the library, how many had died here. All I remember is that there was a number followed by a lot of zeros. The austere cement-block building of the Firing Range Headquarters was painted in three alternating shades of green. Inside, a brightly colored relief map of Nightmare Range covered a huge plywood table. A ROK Army sergeant with short, black-spike hair and crisply pressed khaki uniform thumbed through a handwritten log of the units that had been using the training facility He came to the correct date and the correct position and pointed to the entry: Charlie Battery, 2nd of the 71st Artillery, Camp Pelham. “Tough duty, pal.” Ernie was leaned back in a patio chair at the snack stand just inside the front gate of Camp Pelham sipping a cold can of PBR. We were dressed the same way: blue jeans, sneakers, and black nylon jackets with brilliantly hand-embroidered dragons on the back. Standard issue for GIs running the ville. The outfit usually got us over. We were the right age, both in our early twenties, and we both had the clean, fresh-faced look of American GIs. If we played with the girls enough, laughed, horsed around, toked a few joints, no one would suspect that we were conducting a criminal investigation. Ernie looked like the typical American GI from the heartland of America. I looked like his ethnic sidekick. Taller than him by about three inches, broader at the shoulders, with the short jet-black hair of my Mexican ancestors. My face often threw people. The nose was pointed enough, and the skin light enough to make them think that maybe I was just one of them. But I’d grown up on the streets of east L.A. and I’d heard the racial slurs before and when some GI started in on “wetbacks” somebody usually elbowed him and whispered something in his ear and looked nervously in my direction. They didn’t have to worry though. That’s part of America, after all. I wouldn’t deny them their fun. The afternoon was glorious but cold. The crisp, clear blue sky of the DMZ, far away from the ravages of industrialism, seemed to welcome even the likes of us. Camp Pelham is in the Western Corridor, about twenty miles from the Division Headquarters at Camp Casey and forty miles from Nightmare Range. The Western Corridor was the route the North Korean tanks had taken on their way to Seoul in the spring of 1950. It was expected to be the route they would take again. The camp was small, you could walk around it in ten minutes, but it still managed to house the battalion’s three batteries of six guns each. The big howitzers of Alpha and Bravo Batteries pointed to the sky, their barrels snugly sheathed in plastic, behind protective bunkers. Charlie Battery was out in the field again but scheduled to return that afternoon. We heard distant thunder and ran to the chain-link fence. Across the narrow river, rows of dilapidated wooden shacks sat jumbled behind a main street that was lined with nightclubs and tailor shops. Charlie Battery rumbled down the two hundred yard strip. A small jeep maintained the lead while six big two-and-a-half ton trucks barreled after it as if trying to run it down. A half dozen 105 millimeter howitzers bounced behind the big trucks like baby elephants trotting behind their mothers. The men of Charlie Battery stood in the beds of the trucks, shouting, the flaps of their winter headgear bouncing wildly in the wind. An M-60 machine gun crowned the cab of each truck, partially hidden behind bundles of neatly tied camouflage netting. Rolls of razor-sharp concertina wire, draped over stanchions on either side of the truck bed, swayed lazily with the rattling of the trucks, like huge and sinister gypsy earrings. Some of the villagers of Sonyu-ri waved happily at the unstoppable convoy. Others scurried desperately to get themselves and their children out of the way. When the Camp Pelham gate guards swung open the big chain-link fence, the men yelled and laughed and the drivers gunned the big truck engines. Diesel fumes billowed into the air. The jeep sped by and headed for the Battery Orderly Room. The truck turned in the other direction to get hosed down at the wash point and topped of with diesel at the fuel point. We finished our beers and walked down the road. In front of the Orderly Room a disheveled-looking little man rummaged through the back of the jeep trying to locate his gear. I spotted his name tag. Sergeant Pickering, the Chief of the Firing Battery. “Chief of Smoke,” I said. He looked up and squinted; a crooked-toothed weasel who hadn’t shaved in a couple of days. “Who are you?” I showed him my identification. “George Sueno, Criminal Investigation Division. This is my partner, Ernie Bascom.” He looked at the badge and turned back to his gear. “Why ain’t you wearing a coat and tie?” he asked. “I thought you guys always wore a coat and tie.” “Not under cover,” Ernie said. The Chief of Smoke ignored us and continued to rummage through his gear, sticking his hand way down into the depths of his dirty green canvas. “Here’s the son of a bitch,” he said. “Kim! Kim! I found it.” His Korean Army driver came running out of the Orderly Room as the Chief of Smoke wrenched his hand free from the enveloping material. He held up a dirty, unwrapped, white bread sandwich and they both beamed. He tore it and handed half to the Korean. They munched contentedly and the driver, smiling, returned to the Orderly Room. “Kimchi and bologna,” the Chief of Smoke said. “Made it myself.” His mouth was open. The odor of the hot pickled cabbage flushed the diesel fumes from my sinuses. He didn’t offer us any. “The last field problem you were on,” I said, “you were at Nightmare Range.” The Chief looked at me, still chewing with his mouth open, but didn’t say anything. “There was a problem,” I said. “Somebody from your unit went a little too far with one of the girls outside the wire.” He closed one eye completely. “What do you mean, ‘too far?’” “He killed her.” The Chief of Smoke chomped viciously on his sandwich. Cabbage crunched. “Probably deserved it.” He continued to chew, turning his head to squint at the brilliantly outlined hills in the blue-sky distance. “I know my first wife did.” “Did you notice anything unusual that trip? Anything that might have . . . “ “Had to be Bogard. Only one mean enough to do it. And he was always messing with those girls out in the field. Didn’t pay ‘em I don’t think. Never had enough money anyway what with all the trouble he’s been in.” “Yeah. Article Fifteens for not making formations, over-purchasing on his ration card, shit like that.” “Where’s he at now?” “He’s not in your unit anymore?” “Well, we’re still carrying him on the books. They say he’s down in the ville.” The Chief of Smoke swallowed the last of his rancid sandwich, turned away from the hills and looked at me. Bread and bologna still stuck to his teeth. “He’s been AWOL ever since we came back from Nightmare Range.”

Richard Williamson: Obama’s Jimmy Carter Moment Richard Williamson is a special advisor to Mitt Romney's presidential campaign. He served as the president's special envoy to Sudan from 2007 to 2009, assistant secretary of state for international organization affairs from 1987 to 1989, and served in the Reagan White House as an assistant to the president from 1981 to 1983. In recent weeks, North Korea tested a long-range missile that could someday hold a nuclear warhead and threaten American shores. It is preparing to test a nuclear device for a third time. We are entering an exceptionally dangerous period, one that has us "within an inch of war," according to Defense Secretary Leon Panetta. It is difficult to know what kinds of calculations or miscalculations North Korea's young new leader and his entourage might make in the period ahead. But there are other reasons for worry far from the corridors of power in Pyongyang. The last weeks and months have exposed profound dysfunction in the corridors of Washington where U.S. foreign and defense policy are formulated. With President Obama's foreign policy unraveling, his reelection campaign has been quick to attack Mitt Romney as a distraction. But events abroad may be bringing us to a juncture at which the inexperience and incompetence of a presidency crystallizes in the public mind. In short, we are approaching a Jimmy Carter moment. In a perilous world, this is not the kind of leadership our country needs... comments powered by Disqus - Joan Baez, Sly Stone, Steve Martin, Ben E. King -- all honored by the Library of Congress - StoryCorps to Launch Global Expansion With $1M TED Prize - Hofstra Event Looks at Bush Presidency - Did Israel steal uranium from a town in Pennsylvania in the 1960s? - Sequel to Nelson Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom to be published next year - OAH denounces anti-gay legislation signed by Indiana governor - Emory’s Leslie Harris says we should remember the racist roots of American colleges as we think about what went wrong at OU and other schools - Stanford historian looks to the U.S. Postal Service to map the boom and bust of 19th-century American West - U.S. historian denounces Japanese scholars' statement over wartime sexual slavery - Timothy V Johnson Named Head of Tamiment Library

CNN RELIABLE SOURCES Did Media Turn Bush's Speech Into Campaign Kickoff?; Why Is Democratic Debate Not on TV?; Are Santorum's Remarks About Gays a Non- Story? Aired May 4, 2003 - 11:30 ET THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED. HOWARD KURTZ, HOST: Victory at sea. Have the media helped turn the president's aircraft carrier speech into the kickoff for his reelection campaign? The nine Democrats who want Bush's job face off in South Carolina. Does anyone care if it's not on national television? Rick Santorum's remarks about gays. Scandal or non-story? And two big media embarrassment. A "New York Times" reporter resigns over plagiarism charges, and the editor of "The Salt Lake Tribune" is forced out over checkbook journalism in the Elizabeth Smart case. Welcome to RELIABLE SOURCES, where we turn a critical lens on the media. I'm Howard Kurtz. A jam packed show this morning. We'll get to those ethical lapses at "The New York Times" and "The Salt Lake Tribune" later in the program, but first, joining us now to talk about the president's picture perfect moment at sea and the clash among the nine Democrats who want his job, Laura Ingraham, host of "The Laura Ingraham Show" on Westwood One Radio. Evan Thomas, assistant managing editor of "Newsweek" magazine. And E.J. Dionne, syndicated columnist and a fellow at the Brookings Institution. Evan Thomas, the president gave a nice speech, but TV turned this extravaganza, excuse me, on the aircraft carrier into a 24-hour campaign commercial. This was like Apollo 11 was landing on the moon. Did the press get snookered here? EVAN THOMAS, NEWSWEEK: I think that was sort of the idea. The White House wanted it to be a campaign commercial... KURTZ: Why did they play along? THOMAS: Why not? I mean, it's great theater. I mean, the president is entitled to theater. He wins a war. Why shouldn't he have a triumphant return? What are we supposed to do, not do it? KURTZ: E.J. Dionne, isn't this kind of typical of the huge media buildup that Bush has gotten since this war? Yes, the war was a great victory, but this -- I mean, it just looked so much like a 30-second ad with the 5,000 soldiers serving as a backdrop. E.J. DIONNE, SYNDICATED COLUMNIST: It did, and the thing that was frightening is it might be a short-term success and a long-term problem, because I went back through the coverage, and the number of times that the word "campaign commercial" was used actually had the effect of undercutting what he said, and I think the staging was so good that very little attention was paid to his words, and so I think, as I say, it may have been great for him to get this press now. A lot depends -- those pictures will look great if everything goes well in Iraq. Those pictures will look very different in six months if things aren't going so well. KURTZ: Actually, Ronald Reagan taught us that pictures are much more important than words. The reporters can say what they want, but the pictures have a great effect. Let's put up a pictures of the two New York tabloids and the top gun coverage that they gave President Bush. People can take a look at that. Laura Ingraham, even you have to admit that the mainstream liberal press has given this president one heck of a ride over this war. LAURA INGRAHAM, WESTWOOD ONE RADIO: First of all, even you. The elites are being driven crazy by the fact that this president said that he was going to go into Iraq, try to get the job done with as few casualties as possible. He's essentially done that, with the help of the great U.S. military. The country has rallied to this White House, that's what's driving the elites crazy. They had 24-7 coverage of this war, with embedded journalists, so they covered this for one day, and everyone is like, oh, isn't this troubling that we covered this, this president landing on the aircraft carrier. Speaking as a woman, and listening to the women who called into my radio show, seeing President Bush get out of that plane, carrying his helmet, he is a real man. He stands by his word. That was a very powerful moment. DIONNE: And that's why it is a campaign commercial. INGRAHAM: What are you supposed to do, not cover it? INGRAHAM: Yes, journalistic elites. KURTZ: Have you been driven crazy? INGRAHAM: You are being driven crazy by that. DIONNE: No, not by that. In fact, I think that it's not the case that people are driven crazy by the fact that the war was won. I don't think that's a problem for people. I think the notion that the elites are somehow ganging up on Bush is undercut by the very fact that he got all this coverage, so that's simply not true, and again... DIONNE: Let me finish -- he looked better in a jumpsuit than I ever will. KURTZ: Like Michael Dukakis looked like in a tank. THOMAS: My elitist opinion here. He is an in-your-face guy. This is part of his charm, and also something that people don't like about him. Everything about him, about his presidency, about his war, he's a risk taker, he's bold, he's the kind of guy that will get into a fighter plane and fly into it. That's who he is, and most people in this country like that. A significant minority do not. It will only turn against him... KURTZ: The significant minority include the press, which might have preferred a more dignified Oval Office speech. THOMAS: Look, the press is torn. They love images, they like theater. So they love that part. But they're a little snooty about Bush is a cowboy, so they don't like that part. So they are ambivalent. INGRAHAM: But this is where the divide exists, though, between inside the Beltway journalistic mentality and the heartland of America. No, the heartland of America. I'm not talking politics here. Bush's approval rating is pretty high. That is going to go down. We all know that. But the fact that the military is actually being given the respect and appreciation that it deserves finally in the United States after a period of time where a lot of people doubted that, people really like that image, and I don't think there's anything for a day or two, nothing wrong with that. We're making such a big deal out of the fact that he landed on this aircraft carrier. Good for him. It was a nice day for the military. DIONNE: If Bill Clinton had done this after the Kosovo war or the Bosnia war, Tom DeLay and perhaps even Laura would have said, my God, here's a president who never served in the military, wrapping himself... INGRAHAM: Well, President Bush actually did serve in the military, however. DIONNE: National Guard... INGRAHAM: Try to fly one of those planes, E.J. Then you can tell us about that. KURTZ: Let me blow the whistle here, because I want to move on to last night's debate in South Carolina, among the nine Democratic contenders. This was moderated by ABC's George Stephanopoulos and offered up to ABC affiliates, about 50 of them took it, none of them live, except for one cable channel here in Washington, and in New York, for example, this aired at 5:30 this morning. So my question, Evan Thomas, is do ordinary people care at this stage of the game about Kerry and Edwards and Lieberman and Gephardt, or is this really an inside baseball media story at this point? THOMAS: They don't care, and nor should they. Why should they care? This is an early process, important process amongst the candidates and amongst the party faithful to kind of sort out, to see who wears well. KURTZ: One of these people could be president. Why shouldn't they care? THOMAS: We'll get to it. Don't worry. The public will have plenty of time to decide who is the winner. But why start now? KURTZ: If almost no one actually sees this debate, although it is being replayed on C-Span today and that sort of thing, then is the media interpretation, the media spin even more important in terms of how for those who are paying attention, how their candidates are perceived? DIONNE: Yes, and it's that for the mass audience, and then it's how people who give money, vote in primaries look at that coverage, even though more of them will watch this thing. And the problem for the Democrats is that the individual interests of the candidates are at odds with their -- is at odds with their collective interests. See, individual interest is separate yourself out, attack the other guy, so you had "The Atlanta Journal Constitution" this morning, "Kerry and Dean take off the gloves." "Chicago Tribune" -- "Democratic hopefuls get down to the fight." Almost all the headlines were like that. So you have got these irascible Democrats going at each other, which may be good for one of them, if he breaks out, but is not great for the collective image of the party. KURTZ: Speaking of Kerry and Dean take off the gloves, we'll get to you in a second, Laura, let's take a look at Senator Kerry and Governor Dean, a couple of their sharp exchanges, last night. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) SEN. JOHN KERRY (D), MASSACHUSETTS: I believe that anybody who thinks that they have to prepare for the day that we're not the strongest is preparing for a day when we have serious problems. HOWARD DEAN (D), FORMER GOVERNOR OF VERMONT: No commander in chief would ever, and I am no exception, willingly allow our military influence to shrink. Unilateralism is a mistake. That's what I said before. I think the senator made a mistake in criticizing me. KERRY: Well, I don't need any lectures in courage from Howard Dean. (END VIDEO CLIP) KURTZ: Howard Dean, 3 percent in the polls nationally, but getting a lot of attention in the debate last night. Is he somebody who's been built up by the media or is he becoming a first rate contender? INGRAHAM: Yes, the media loves Dean. And that's fine. Well, he's kind of the ant at the Democratic picnic right now. He's the one who's going to bite and nip at all the other Democrats on the stage. And I don't think he's, in the clips that I've seen, I don't think he came off particularly well. I think Kerry really sort of said, "down, boy," right there, and I served my country, I know the military. This idea that you're foreshadowing a weaker day for the country, we saw that a couple of decades ago. We don't want that again in the United States. So Dean is going to be a media fascination, but as a sustaining involvement of the Democrat Party, I don't think so. THOMAS: The press is always looking for the non-candidate, a person who doesn't seem like a politician. And Dean is the best bet for the person who will wear with the public as someone... KURTZ: This is the Bruce Babbitt role. THOMAS: Yes, and John McCain a little bit, but it's somebody who sounds like a human being instead of a pol, and I think he does have some of those qualities. He is a little bit to the left. KURTZ: A little? I mean, he's obviously strongly anti-war. THOMAS: Even for the Democratic Party he's a little bit to the left, and that's going to, I think, going to hurt him. Catch on. KURTZ: You know, I've traveled with Howard Dean. Most political reporters have done early profiles of him. How much has that helped boost him? Here is a guy who was a virtually unknown, former governor of Vermont. How much did that boost him? THOMAS: He wants to be the media candidate. McCain used to say forthrightly, the media is my base, and that's what Dean wants. DIONNE: And that's going to be harder now that the war is over. There was one thing, though, that you probably won't see much of. Some of these guys were funny last night. I mean, Kerry was asked by Stephanopoulos, George Stephanopoulos, you know, about his problem of aloofness. And he replied, "probably I ought to just disappear and contemplate that by myself." Or Joe Lieberman was asked, "are you tough enough?" "I'd like to come over there and strangle you, George." And I think there was the Lieberman line you're going to hear a lot is, "I know I can beat George Bush. Why? Al Gore and I already did it." And that was an interesting moment, because the Democrats -- the Democratic base doesn't like where Lieberman was on the war in Iraq; they do like where he was in the battle for Florida. KURTZ: I guess Jay Leno will be booking him soon. One more press question before we move on, for Laura Ingraham. John Howard writes in "The Wall Street Journal" that Dennis Kucinich, Carol Moseley Braun and Reverend Al shouldn't even be on the stage. They are not serious candidates, in the sense that they have no hope of winning the nomination. So my question is, should the press largely ignore them? Because it's hard to get nine candidates into every story, let me tell you. INGRAHAM: It's hard to have a meaningful exchange of ideas. But they're interesting characters. I mean, we have this debate, it seems, every primary season. Who deserves to be on the stage? And I think the parties have to work that out amongst themselves, but, look, this was derby day, Kentucky Derby day, this came right off the heels of this aircraft carrier story. This was a tough act to follow. KURTZ: OK. Want to touch now on Senator Rick Santorum, this was kind of a modest story for about a week and a half, likening gay sex to incest, bigotry, polygamy, in the context of the Supreme Court case. He likes homosexuals fine, he just doesn't like what they do, thinks perhaps it should remain criminalized. Why did the press make so much of Trent Lott's remarks? And why was that such a huge deal and this was only a modest story? THOMAS: Well, I think that was clear cut that Trent Lott just said something absolutely outrageous. Santorum said it outrageously, and there wasn't a legal issue here. He wasn't contradicting anything the courts hadn't already said, it was more of a taste issue. And he wasn't flatly contradicting years of Supreme Court rulings. KURTZ: In media terms, is bashing gays just not as explosive as, say, waxing nostalgic about the good old days of segregation? DIONNE: I think if we're honest about it, there is a stronger consensus on the civil rights period and on what was wrong about the way white Americans treated black Americans than there is now about gays. Gays are still a very divisive issue. Countries change hugely. The fact that Santorum got into as much trouble as he did is an indication that the country is much more open to gays, cares a lot more about their rights than we ever have before. KURTZ: You're saying the fact that it was an issue at all shows a change in the culture? DIONNE: It's a big change in the culture, and my hunch is that he would have gotten into even more trouble 10 years from now as the culture further changes. KURTZ: Did the press try to cast Senator Santorum's remarks as an example of Republican Party intolerance? INGRAHAM: I think it probably wasn't as outrageous as the media would have liked to have us think. I mean, Santorum was stating the Supreme Court decision, as Evan pointed out. And I think if you really focus on what he said, read the lawyers who are questioning the Texas Supreme Court justices below on this issue. Arguing the case below, the judges on the Texas Supreme Court were asking the same questions that Santorum was raising. He was stating a legal point. And people who aren't sort of all that conversant in the legal principles think, oh, isn't that outrageous, he said these things. That is where the court is today, and that's what he was stating. KURTZ: That is law and this is politics. And when you bring in words like incest and adultery and bigamy and liken it to consensual sex among gays, that's... THOMAS: I do think that one thing that's going on here, the press loves to portray cultural Neanderthals. I mean, that's one of our favorite things, and he fit that description for that moment, so that's one reason he got a lot of play. KURTZ: But of course, Republicans -- most Republicans neither defended him or (UNINTELLIGIBLE), which I think took some of the air out of the story. And we will have to leave it there. When we come back, a case of plagiarism red handed, in fact, at "The New York Times." Plus, why did two reporters covering the Elizabeth Smart case sell out to "The National Enquirer"? Stay with us. KURTZ: Sounds like we're starting again. Welcome back to RELIABLE SOURCES. Two controversies in the world of newspapers to talk about this week. First, "The New York Times" editor Howell Raines has apologized for a plagiarized article that he called "a grave breach of the paper's journalistic standards." Reporter Jayson Blair resigned over his profile of a Texas woman who lost a son in Iraq. Blair's story copied quotes and lots of other details from an earlier piece in "The San Antonio Express News." Laura Ingraham, this reporter, Jayson Blair, one of the youngest reporters hired by "The Times" in recent years, had 50 corrections on previous stories in about three and half years, once quoted a Kent State official who said he never talked to Jayson Blair. He wrote stories during the Washington sniper case the prosecutors said was dead wrong. Should "The New York Times" have caught on to the fact that there might be a problem here earlier? INGRAHAM: Well, I don't know how long any of us would last in our jobs currently if we had made 50 mistakes. I think it seems like something weird is going on here. I don't know what the story is. He's 27 yours old. A couple of mistakes, you know, youthful exuberance, but 50 mistakes? I think "The Times" has a lot more to answer for regarding this. It also fuels people's cynicism about the press. We don't need any more of that. "The New York Times" is a celebrated newspaper, my favorite paper to read, I've got to say. So I mean, Howell Raines is going to beat him up for this? I don't know, but it would be nice to know, at what juncture did they consider getting rid of him earlier. KURTZ: Right. You know, I guess we should explain, E.J. Dionne, you know, that copying someone else's work is really a cardinal sin in journalism, because you are not only not giving credit, but in effect you are pretending that you did the reporting itself. So how much of a black eye is this for "The Times?" DIONNE: This is not the first time this has happened to a newspaper. And I think actually in this electronic age, it becomes a whole lot easier for people to sort of pull chunks out and throw them in somewhere else, so I think everybody -- every single person including reporters themselves have to be doubly, triply, quadruply careful about this possibility. There is an inconsistency in a way -- if you go back through the annals of plagiarism, there is an inconsistency in a way people are dealt with. Some people get a slap on the wrist; some people get fired. And I think the burden here is that this wasn't the only case, it wasn't a one-time thing, and that's why they took the kind of action they did. KURTZ: This has happened at "Businessweek," "The Washington Post," just about every other major publication. I fail to understand why reporters continue to take the risk of this, because it's so easy to get caught these days, in the world of electronic, online databases. DIONNE: Also, it's so easy to attribute things to people. I mean, I don't think you ever lose by attributing to somebody. THOMAS: There is a lot of pathology in these things. We don't know the back story. This is a guy who made 50 mistakes. The real story here, is did "The New York Times" give this guy so much rope that he blew up and hung himself and ruined his career, or along the way did they try to correct whatever mistakes he was making, did they deal with a real problem? KURTZ: Look, this was a promising young black reporter. I wonder if a middle-aged hack would have gotten away with 50 mistakes and still be at that job. THOMAS: Your question is rhetorical. You'd think not. And I think that's probably -- but we don't know the facts. The real story here is the hidden story of how they treated this guy in the three and a half years. Did they warn him, did they take him aside, did they say, look, you have got to clean up your act, or did they say, hey, go for it? KURTZ: Any dispute that this kind of plagiarism should be a firing offense? Should he have been given a second chance? INGRAHAM: A 51st chance? No, no absolutely not. KURTZ: All right, let's move on to media controversy number two. Jay Shelledy, editor of "The Salt Lake Tribune," resigned under pressure this week. Shelledy had belatedly fired two of his reporters on the Elizabeth Smart kidnapping case, Michael Vigh and Kevin Cantera, for selling information to "The National Enquirer" for $20,000. Shelledy did not know about the secret dealings, which he likened to drinking from a toilet bowl. But he came under fire for initially putting the reporters on probation and for disclosing the unseemly mess in his column rather than ordering up a news story. This is up for grabs. Why does the editor bite the dust when the sin was committed by two reporters and he didn't know about it? Is it sort of like the baseball team firing the manager when things go bad? INGRAHAM: I think this whole story is so bizarre at every level. I mean, "The Salt Lake Tribune" working with "The Enquirer" selling stories? I guess it's information that he didn't think was usable and they didn't think was usable in their own story, so kind of scraps on the floor that they sold over to "The Enquirer." KURTZ: Exactly, there were sexual rumors that ... (CROSSTALK) INGRAHAM: How enterprising. THOMAS: It was unbelievably outrageous. Let's stop for a second. Reporters who sell sexual rumors because they won't print them in their own papers to "The National Enquirer, " bam, you're gone. Tomorrow, clean out your desk right away. This isn't even a debate over a close one. His editor made the mistake of slapping them on the wrist, and then when it all came out he had to go down with them. DIONNE: It is just such a bizarre story. I can't imagine how one would sort of get from here to there to do that sort of thing. And it's a real problem for journalism, because mainstream journalists say, wait, there is a big difference between us and certain other kinds of reporting. INGRAHAM: Not really. They pay. DIONNE: And I guess these guys could say, well, yes, there is, we don't print it, we just sell it to them. But it's just the strangest story. INGRAHAM: How much did they make? KURTZ: Well, $10,000 apiece to blow up your career is not very good money in my view, and one of the reporter was caught on tape saying, "don't worry, our paper won't beat you on the story," telling this to somebody from "The Enquirer." "The editors there are lightweights." On tape, not a good idea. We'll have to hold it there. E.J. Dionne, Laura Ingraham, Evan Thomas, thanks very much for joining us. Still to come, which NBC reporter is biting from the hand that feeds her? We'll let you know in a moment. KURTZ: Remember Ashleigh Banfield? She was the "it" girl at MSNBC for a time until she lost her prime-time show and was relegated to a sideline role during the war. In a recent speech, Banfield chastised the networks, including her own, for their glorious and wonderful coverage of Iraq that glossed over the brutality of the war. "It wasn't journalism," she declared. Banfield also ripped MSNBC for giving a show to fire-breathing conservative Michael Savage, who once called her a slut. Well, that was quite enough for her bosses, who declared themselves deeply disappointed and troubled by Banfield's remarks. MSNBC News President Neal Shapiro called her in for a scolding. Insiders began taking bets on how much longer Banfield would last. But hold on. The media routinely criticize politicians, businessmen, athletes, and just about everyone else. Why is it that when a journalist raises questions about her own Business, it's practically deemed an impeachable offense? We praise whistle-blowers at companies like Enron and WorldCom, but treat our own profession like it's above reproach. No wonder people think there is a double standard. It's a fickle world, though. Keith Olbermann left MSNBC a few years ago after accusing the network of going overboard on the Monica Lewinsky saga. The network badmouthed him as well. Now he's back on MSNBC with a prime-time show, where he'll stay as long as he pulls in the ratings. We'll be right back. KURTZ: Well, that's it for this edition of RELIABLE SOURCES. I'm Howard Kurtz. Be sure to join us again next Sunday morning, 11:30 Eastern, for another critical look at the media. And be sure to stay with CNN for the latest on the news from Iraq and around the world. Coming up at the top of the hour, "LATE EDITION WITH WOLF BLITZER." Wolf's guests today include Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani. Then, at 3:00 p.m. Eastern, check out "IN THE MONEY" with Jack Cafferty. And at 4:00, get the latest headlines with "CNN LIVE SUNDAY." "LATE EDITION" begins right after this look at the hour's top stories. TO ORDER A VIDEO OF THIS TRANSCRIPT, PLEASE CALL 800-CNN-NEWS OR USE OUR SECURE ONLINE ORDER FORM LOCATED AT www.fdch.com Is Democratic Debate Not on TV?; Are Santorum's Remarks About Gays a Non-Story?>

Coloradans are being asked to mark the anniversary of last year’s flooding with a day of service. In the disaster zone left behind after the September 2013 flood, there are still numerous side roads and rural driveways that need to be repaired. On September 9, 2013, a storm system began taking shape that would bring several days of rain and flooding to the Front Range. Police in Loveland have concluded there is not enough evidence to support criminal charges against an Evans Police officer in the death investigation of a woman. A shortage of rental housing has been a huge problem for people displaced by last September’s floods, but help is on the way. Cleanup is underway at two mobile home parks in Evans. They were heavily damaged in last fall’s flooding. Chants of “Justice for Ashley!” echoed through the streets of Evans on Sunday in an unusual protest that was staged outside the Evans Police Department. The family of a woman who they say was murdered is calling for action from the Evans Police Department. A young woman’s death in Evans was first ruled a suicide, but now the case has been reopened and her parents believe her husband killed her. A Denver attorney says he has evidence that an Evans police detective tampered with witness statements in a 2012 shooting that was originally ruled a suicide.

It was said that Justice George C. Barrett "was undoubtedly one of the greatest Judges that ever sat upon the bench. He was learned in the law and a man well versed in the literature of the day." He was "famous for the extreme lucidity of his opinions and the perfect courtesy and dignity of his demeanor." (New York Times, June 8, 1906.) Born July 28, 1838 in Dublin, the son of a clergyman, Barrett later emigrated to Canada and was educated in London, Ontario. He then attended Columbia University, from which he did not graduate, but left to study law in the office of Van Cott, Cady & Smales in New York City. At age 25, Barrett was elected Justice of the 6th Judicial District in 1863 and 4 years later was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, filling a vacancy. In 1869 he returned to private practice. It was then that, as president of the Young Men's Municipal Reform Association, Justice Barrett concentrated on the movement to break up the Tweed ring. In 1871 Justice Barrett was nominated by the Apollo Hall Democrats as a Supreme Court Justice, which nomination was endorsed by both wings of the Republican party. Barrett won the election, defeating the Tammany Hall candidate. While on the bench, Barrett was known as a fair-minded judge, and he presided over many notable cases, both civil and criminal. Upon the formation of the Appellate Division First Department, Barrett was designated as an Associate Justice in 1896. During his term he set out to improve jury laws. A bill drawn by him and others to secure juries more readily in notable criminal trials was introduced in the Legislature in January 1896. In January of 1900, although Justice Barrett was redesignated by Governor Roosevelt for an additional 5 years on the Appellate Division bench, he asked to be transferred back to the Supreme Court bench, from which he retired in 1906. Justice Barrett passed away on June 7, 1906, having suffered from tuberculosis for a number of years. Theron G. Strong, Landmarks of a Lawyer's Lifetime, Dodd, Mead and Company, New York, 1914.

Floyd Bennett Senior Squadrons Floyd Bennett Senior Squadrons The United States Air Force Auxiliary-Civil Air Patrol (CAP) has three main missions: Aerospace Education, Cadet Programs, and Emergency Services. Aerospace Education is an extensive program that involves both internal and external training, by educating the membership and community. Civil Air Patrol provides support for more than 100 workshops at colleges throughout the United States, develops, publishes, and distributes aerospace curriculum for classroom grades K through college, and provides classroom materials, teacher training, and other educational aids at no cost to America’s teachers. Civil Air Patrol sponsors the annual National Congress on Aviation and Space Education (NCASE), and provides speakers and direct assistance to teachers through the regional Directors of Aerospace Education. The Cadet Programs include comprehensive physical and character-building programs, allowing the individual cadet to expand his or her creativity and sense of self-esteem, yet also carefully indoctrinating young adults to a regimented lifestyle, to a degree, as one would experience in the armed services. The cadet program encompasses a 15-step program that includes aviation and aerospace activities. From six to ten percent of each class entering the military service academies are former CAP cadets. Cadets who have earned the General Billy Mitchell Award are eligible to enlist in the Air Force at a higher pay grade. The opportunity exists for cadets to participate and compete in activities at the local, state, region, and national levels, and, to participate in the International Air Cadet Exchange program. There are scholarships available in several disciplines, and cadets have an opportunity to earn Federal Aviation Administration pilot ratings. Civil Air Patrol’s Emergency Services programs range from searches for emergency locator transmitters to disaster relief efforts. With the use of corporate-owned and privately volunteered aircraft, mobile and foot ground teams, composed of well-trained senior and cadet members, Civil Air Patrol effectively and efficiently enhances the overall delivery of search and rescue services and disaster relief, often as missions assigned by the Air Force Rescue Coordination Center, Langley, VA. The Civil Air Patrol works with local, state, and federal agencies, assists Federal agencies on the war on drugs, and provides damage assessment, radiological monitoring, light transport, communications support, and low-altitude route surveys for the United States Air Force. The Floyd Bennett Senior Squadron, chartered by Civil Air Patrol in December 1999, was initially organized by six members who were involved with Amateur Radio and emergency communications. The initial idea behind the formation of the Squadron was to have a core of members available to develop, expand, and enhance the overall communications abilities and capabilities of the Squadrons in New York City. In addition, the members of the Floyd Bennett Senior Squadron believe in cooperation with, openness by, and enhancing interaction between local Squadrons. The facilities, knowledge, assets, and resources are there for sharing. The group is adamant about enhancing and improving professional ties with local agencies and organizations, particularly those based at or operating from historic Floyd Bennett Field. The Floyd Bennett Squadron is currently developing a Cadet program with the cooperation of New York City School District 27, which encompasses the Rockaways, Broad Channel, Howard Beach, South Ozone Park, Ozone Park, and Richmond Hill, Queens. The first recruitment effort is taking place at Benjamin Cardozo Middle School (M.S. 198) in Arverne. We encourage all students in the sixth grade or age 12 and above and parents alike to find out more about our Squadron and the United States Air Force Auxiliary. The staff of the Floyd Bennett Senior Squadron is always looking for individuals with diverse backgrounds to provide the Squadron with the necessary ingredients for success in areas such as communications, computer science, public relations, education, legal, medical, earth sciences, aeronautics and aviation. Floyd Bennett Senior Squadron meets three times each month at Floyd Bennett Field, on the first, third, and fourth Wednesdays at 7:30 p.m. They meet on the first Wednesday at the facilities of the New York City Police Department Special Operations Division/Aviation Unit, and the third and fourth Wednesdays at their office on the second floor of the Armed Forces Reserve Center. Please call (718) 252-3100, extension 347, and leave a message if interested in attending a meeting. Their web site is at http://www.nycgroup.net/.

When a police officer fires shots in Knoxville, Tenn., police investigate but, unlike in Madison, the people have the power of review. It started 18 years ago when, just like in Madison in recent months, police shootings divided the Knoxville community. After Madison police cleared an officer who shot and killed Paul Heenan in November, some in Madison are asking why the city doesn't have independent oversight of police shootings. Knoxville has a lot in common with Madison -- a major university, a bustling downtown and an engaged police department. In her fifth-floor office in Knoxville's city-county building, Avice Reid gets several copies of the police department's internal investigation reviews a month. Reid, who doesn't wear a badge, is the executive director of Knoxville's Police Advisory Review Committee and can do everything from interviewing officers to watching squad car dash cams "We have access to KPD's information, and that's very powerful, because the citizens in the past did not have access to that information," Reid said. Eighteen years ago, four separate police shootings in Knoxville and an outraged community forced the city to do something. After three years of deliberation, the result was a seven-member panel of well-known, diverse community members to check everything the police did. It wasn't an easy decision. In fact, the mayor at the time had to do it by executive order because the city council wouldn't go along with him. But over time, the committee's had success and become popular. Even police say they've accepted it, and it has made the city better. Knoxville Police Chief David Rausch was a young patrolman when the review panel was up for debate, and he opposed it. "What we didn't want was a witch hunt. What we didn't want was some panel set up of folks in our community that just wanted to see policemen get in trouble," Rausch said. What Rausch didn't see then was how the community viewed the department, and how a panel of their peers could help. "I've got the advantage of now having that 20/20 insight, of being able to look back and say, that's what my concerns were then and now having the clarity of it and seeing how it has helped this agency," Rausch said. Rausch said the biggest help has come in building trust. As an example, he pointed to a problem his agency faced last November. A Knoxville officer shot and wounded a suspect in a mall parking lot. Weeks later, Rausch went on TV to say his officer had made a mistake. "We train that you don't put your finger on the trigger until you've made that decision to fire, and he had his finger on the trigger," Rausch said. "We haven't had this outcry of an issue. The officers didn't get excited because I went on and said we made a mistake. The community didn't get excited because I went on and said we made a mistake, and that's because of this partnership that we have and this understanding that things are going to be done transparently and fairly." Only one man in Knoxville has been police chief and review committee chairman -- although Sterling Owen said he didn't want the committee position at first. "I was concerned as to how it would be accepted, by both sides," Owen said. The former FBI agent became chief after six years heading the review panel. He said that while it has subpoena power and can put up a fight, the real value is the partnership between police and the people. The review panel meets every three months in different parts of the city, and the executive director and police chief meet more often. The chief gets insight into the community's concerns, while the panel gets answers to its questions. "I think it has gained in credibility over time, but it's because we went in there saying it's going to be a level playing field," Owen said. Reid said the best marker of success may be a smaller workload. The number of community complaints against police have dropped from 270 when the review panel started to about 100 last year. Reid said most of the cases prove the police were right. "We've proven that we're fair, that we're honest, that we want the truth, and because of that, they are accepting of us," Reid said.

Eric Holder addresses youth volence and education at annual conference. U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder, left, and the Rev. Al Sharpton. (Photo: AP Photo/Richard Drew) The National Action Network pulled out some political heavy-hitters at its 13th annual national conference. The audience received Queens native, U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder with applause befitting a hometown hero. During his time at the podium, Holder spoke about his experiences with violence as a young man. According to the attorney general, African-Americans make up 13% of the population but account for 15% of violent crime victims. Focusing on the disparity, Holder asked why no one is discussing the disportionate amount of African-Americans being victimized. Calling it the safety of our children our “moral duty,” Holder declared that he can’t accept an America where children are at risk in their homes and schools. Shifting his focus to the youth and education, Holder challenged parents and the community at large to take a more active interest in the next generation. "When you discover that Black 12th graders are reading at levels of white 8th graders. Take it personally...When a child is more interested in perfecting their jump shot than their GPA, take it personally. ” At the conclusion of the attorney general’s speech, Reverend Al Sharpton brought 100 kids from the audience to take a photo with Holder. "We make Scarface a role model,” said Sharpton, “let's make the attorney general a hero."

We have extended our Two on Two previews among all of our panelists to include everyone's picks for each of the division, wild card, and league championship winners, as well as the World Series champions, traditional award winners, and several other "fun" categories. With us once again today are JD Arney (Red Reporter), Tyler Bleszinski (Athletics Nation), Brian Borawski (TigerBlog and The Hardball Times), Alex Ciepley (Cub Town), Brad Dowdy (No Pepper), Aaron Gleeman (Aaron Gleeman.com and The Hardball Times), Jason Mastaitis (Always Amazin' and MetsGeek), John Perricone (Only Baseball Matters), Jeff Shaw (U.S.S. Mariner), Patrick Sullivan (The House That Dewey Built), and Jon Weisman (Dodger Thoughts). Although not meant to be a family feud among baseball bloggers, some of our responses may not be met with clapping and the proverbial, "Good answer." West Cent East Wild Aaron OAK MIN BOS NYY Alex LAA MIN BOS NYY Blez LAA MIN NYY Brad LAA MIN BOS NYY Brian OAK MIN NYY BOS Bryan LAA CLE BOS NYY Jason OAK MIN BOS LAA JD OAK CLE BOS NYY Jeff LAA MIN BOS John LAA MIN NYY BOS Jon LAA MIN BOS NYY Rich OAK MIN BOS NYY Sully OAK MIN BOS NYY The Baseball Analysts consensus has the Angels nipping the A's in the West, the Twins taking the Central, the Red Sox winning the East, and the Yankees making the playoffs via the Wild Card. In the National League, the panelists see the Dodgers winning out West, the Cardinals repeating in the Central, the Braves (yawn) capturing the East once again, and the Padres sneaking into the playoffs by the slimmest of margins. West Cent East Wild Aaron LAD STL ATL PHI Alex LAD STL PHI SDP Blez SDP STL ATL Brad LAD STL ATL FLA Brian SF STL ATL PHI Bryan LAD STL ATL CHC Jason LAD STL ATL SDP JD LAD CHI ATL SDP Jeff LAD STL ATL John SF STL FLA ATL Jon LAD PIT FLA NYM Rich SF STL FLA ATL Sully LAD STL PHI NYM The consensus has Boston and Atlanta facing off in the World Series, but we do not see a clear cut World Series winner (with three panelists choosing the Red Sox and three the Braves). The Dodgers and Giants are the only other teams with more than one vote. The surprise? Nobody selected the Yankees to win it all. ALCS NLCS WS Aaron BOS ATL BOS Alex MIN LAD LAD Blez NYY ATL ATL Brad BOS ATL ATL Brian NYY SF SF Bryan BOS ATL ATL Jason BOS STL BOS JD BOS LAD LAD Jeff MIN STL MIN John NYY SF SF Jon LAA NYM LAA Rich BOS STL STL Sully BOS PHI BOS As far as awards go, we see Hideki Matsui and Albert Pujols winning the MVPs, Randy Johnson and Johan Santana sharing the AL Cy Young and Tim Hudson narrowly beating out Pedro Martinez for the NL Cy Young, and Jeremy Reed taking AL Rookie of Year honors with Gavin Floyd and Jeff Francis in a tie for NL ROY. AL MVP NL MVP AL CY NL CY AL ROY NL ROY Aaron Chavez Pujols Santana Hudson Reed Hardy Alex Tejada Pujols Halladay Sheets McPherson Dubois Blez Matsui Pujols Santana Schmidt Swisher Burke Brad Ramirez Pujols Johnson Martinez Reed Reyes, A Brian Chavez Pujols Santana Hudson Kazmir Francis Bryan Matsui Rolen Johnson Hudson Blanton Floyd Jason Guerrero Pujols Santana Martinez Blanton Floyd JD Hafner Garciaparra Johnson Hudson Jeff Suzuki Pujols Johnson Hudson Reed Atkins John Matsui Pujols Johnson Schmidt Swisher Dallimore Jon Guerrero Cabrera Santana Martinez Teahen Closser Rich Matsui Pujols Santana Beckett Reed Barmes Sully A-Rod Drew Johnson Martinez Blanton Francis Rather than stopping there, we decided to pick some additional categories for fun. Lloyd McClendon may not find it fun though if the panelists are right in believing that he will be the first manager fired in 2005. Jeff sees it differently. "Lee Mazzilli will leave the clubhouse earlier than Sammy Sosa this time." John chimes in with Charlie Manuel. "The guy has no business running a big league club, and the Phillies have unrealistically high expectations, a bad combination." Jeremy Bonderman is the only player chosen by more than one to earn the distinction of Breakout Player of the Year. Alex has dubbed him Jeremy Bandwagonderman in view of his growing popularity as a breakout choice. John makes an unconventional choice by tabbing Randy Johnson, a five-time Cy Young Award winner, on the belief that he will make a run at 30 wins and become the first Yankee to strike out 300 batters in a season. Jason Giambi is the runaway pick as Comeback Player of the Year and Adam Dunn (with two home runs on Opening Day already under his long belt) is the player most likely to become MLB's HR champion. There is no truth to the rumor that some of our guests tried to change their pick to Dimitri Young after his three-homer performance on Monday. We also asked our panelists if Giambi is apt to hit more HR or spend more days on the DL and the latter wins by the narrowest of margins, 7-6. Blez adds, "If there is justice, days on the DL." No hard feelings in Athletics Nation, huh? And the worst team in baseball goes to...the Kansas City Royals. Fired Breakout Comeback HR Giambi Worst Aaron McClendon Mauer Giambi Dunn 47 HR COL Alex Pena Bonderman Giambi Pujols 51 HR KCR Blez McClendon Chavez Glaus Pujols 54 DL PIT Brad McClendon Bonderman Glaus Dunn 51 DL KCR Brian McClendon Kearns Giambi Dunn HR KCR Bryan Hurdle Patterson Colon Dunn 54 DL KCR Jason Mazzilli Reyes, J Giambi Pujols HR KCR JD Mazzilli Reed Griffey Jr. Dunn 52 DL KCR Jeff Mazzilli Clement Hernandez, R Guerrero HR WAS John Manuel Johnson Giambi Dunn 48 HR TAM Jon Bochy Harden Glaus Guerrero 43 HR TAM Rich Garner Capuano Halladay Dunn 50 DL TAM Sully Miley Wright Kearns Dunn 47 DL PIT We also asked the date of Barry Bonds' return and the combined number of starts between Mark Prior and Kerry Wood. The range of answers on Bonds was April 29th (Jon) to "doesn't" (Jason). Jeff had a typically funny response. "July 15, give or take a tantrum." The Prior-Wood responses were fairly tight with Aaron and JD taking low honors (40) and Rich high (55). In our free form category, we had panelists mail in Blue Books with their answers to the biggest surprise of the year. In no particular order... Bryan: Last time baseball was down in the public relations department, Sammy Sosa and Mark McGwire saved the game. This time around it won't be two players to do so, but baseball will once again rise to the top of the sports heap. Six close division races and a few runs at some milestones (Ichiro at .400, Pedro and Randy at 300 strikeouts, etc.) will make this as exciting a year as any. Jon: This is a complete, wild hunch, one that makes a mockery of the predictive arts, but injuries wipe out the top three expected contenders in the National League Central, opening the door for a surprise winner. Sully: Behind only slightly below average pitching and a lineup that won't quit, the Baltimore Orioles push the Yankees, Angels and Indians for a hotly contested Wild Card berth. John: My breakout player, if one can suggest that a five-time Cy Young Award winner can have a breakout year, is Randy Johnson, who will also give us the story of the year. All Randy Johnson needs to do to make a serious run at 30 wins is stay healthy, and I think he will. On his way, he will break numerous Yankee left-handed pitching records, finish in the top 3 in the MVP voting, and he will become the first Yankee with 300 strikeouts in a season. Brian: Tigers win 85 and play a meaningful series with the Twins in the middle of September. Aaron: With seemingly half the baseball world rooting hard for them and the other half rooting hard against them, the Oakland A's will have a winning record for the seventh season in a row. Everyone who predicted their demise will forget what they said. Blez: It won't be a surprise to much of the Internet community, but the surprise of the year to the mainstream media will be how much the A's push the Angels in the AL West. Oakland is looking a lot like the 2000 team right now and if Blanton and Haren pitch to their potential, Joe Morgan, Harold Reynolds and the rest of them will be explaining how the team is successful because of their young pitching, not anything the front office has done. JD: I think the surprise of the year will be the Cleveland Indians. They're in a very winnable division, and they've made some big strides in the past couple of years. I think they'll be the playoff team that kind of comes out of left field this year. Jeff: Ichiro will make a strong run at .400. This will not be enough to get the Mariners into the playoffs, but will be an exciting chase for baseball fans worldwide. Twins in seven, a series for the ages. Sales of beer and ice cream bars skyrocket in Minnesota as people strive to revive Kent Hrbek's favorite snacks. Alex: I think that, from the mainstream press's POV, the biggest surprise of the year is that not much has changed in the game despite the steroid debacle. Kids are still poppin' home runs, still striking guys out, all while apparently not indulging in those most hip fashion products, the Clear and the Cream. Jason: The rumors of the A's demise have been greatly exaggerated. Joe Blanton, Danny Haren, and Rich Harden combine for 45 wins. Barry Zito returns to form. Huston Street paves the way to Endsville for opposing teams. The A's win the West by a healthy margin over the Wild Card winning Angels. That's right, the Wild Card will come out of the West this year, and Yankee officials will have yet another uncomfortable offseason. Brad: My surprise of the year would be a pleasant one if it actually came to pass - no player will test positive for steroids. This is a story that could take over the game even more than it already has if there is a positive test during the season. Any player in their right mind will be clean by now, but that first guy who tests positive should have his punishment quadrupled just for being stupid. Rich: My surprise of the Year? Reggie Sanders doesn't change ballclubs for first time since 1998, and he combines with Jim Edmonds and Larry Walker to hit the most home runs of any outfield in baseball.

Whitney Houston, Beyond the Fame Machine Serendipity isn’t always what it’s cut out to be. But the death of Whitney Elizabeth Houston at the age of 48, her body found in a bathtub the afternoon before the Grammy Awards Show, in the same hotel where a gala honoring mega-legendary record producer Clive Davis, who discovered and promoted the singer from her teens onward, was a trainload of serendipity that couldn’t help but put a ghost in the machine of the always slickly fueled awards show. Houston’s death sent a shock wave through the proceedings, through the land of music videos, and the gathering of pop, rock, hip hop, rap, country music stars and anybody (and is there anybody that hasn’t) who ever heard the first thrilling surge of “I Will Always Love You.”. The song and the images of Houston at her youthful, stunning, energetic peak were everywhere by Sunday and Sunday news time. Houston with a pedigree and a gift that fast-tracked her to super-stardom in the music world hadn’t had a major hit or album in years, but she got one almost instantly when news of her passing burst out like baleful thunder, as a compilation album streaked to the top of the lists like a rocket. Such is the death of music stars: the same happened to Elvis, John Lennon and Michael Jackson. In the news — in spite of the Rev. Al Sharpton’s admonition to celebrate the life of Houston, to concentrate on the joy her music and charisma brought to people — it was a split and inevitable decision, a rise-and-fall story of extreme proportions. Here was this gifted young girl — a teen who led her church choir in New Jersey—with a mother who was a famous gospel singer, a godmother who was the queen of soul and a cousin that was in some ways the perfect interpreter of pop music as written by Burt Bacharach. That trio would be Cissy Houston, Aretha Franklin and Dionne Warwick, and they would provide the musical influences that were the essence of her singing. Producer Clive Davis, after hearing her sing backup with Chaka Khan and other singers, guided her career and signed her to a contract. She was almost perfection: thin and slender, she was on the cover of Seventeen magazine, she spawned hits with a voice that could break chandeliers and she hit incredible notes that lasted longer than Michael Jordan’s hang-time. She had the best combination of all — an effusive, charismatic personality, a voice nobody could top nor has anyone since, an astonishing beauty made for the age of music videos. In the 1980s and 1990s, she was arguably the biggest female star in the pop music firmament, rolling out a string of hits like “How Will I Know,” “The Greatest Love of All,” “Saving All My Love For You” and the infectious “I Wanna Dance With Somebody,” where Houston, with a rich, birds-nest Afro, danced with everybody that saw the video. Then came “The Bodyguard,” a classy trashy, perfect formula movie that critics disdained and predicted a quick departure. Let’s see: There was Houston, no actress but able to do a world-famous diva star, there was Kevin Costner with a brand new rough-butch haircut and only the biggest male movie star in the world at the time, there was a pop crossover soundtrack that sold millions maybe billions, there was crossover romance and there was “I Will Always Love You,” which Houston managed to sing twice. What’s not to like? That was followed by a part in “Waiting to Exhale,” a serious black-chick flick and a big hit, cementing her bonafides as superstar, Hollywood-style. And if the story had stopped there, it would be perfect. But it didn’t. Because Houston met and married Bobby Brown, a volatile R&B singer with a record — and it wasn’t hit singles but a rap sheet. They loved and battled, and pretty soon you could read all about Houston every time you stepped into a supermarket checkout line about fights with Brown, alleged abuse and drug abuse of all kinds. When given a litany of drugs on national television of drugs she abused, there were many, many, a shocking admission by a major public entertainment figure of her stature. Nothing was ever the same. There were more fights with Brown, separation and a divorce, and Houston got custody of their only child. There were shoddy live concerts and cancellations. It seemed as if her life had become one big train wreck, in spite of the emotional support of friends and family. There were comeback attempts, but her voice and her great, natural beauty had taken a beating. The sadness is that it’s a familiar story, sans details and particulars — those great soaring rises to fame and wealth, and the long fall down. The music industry especially is full of such stories. The surprise was not that her sudden death Saturday was a shock, but that the shock was not a shock of surprise. The cause of her death was not announced officially by the Los Angeles County coroner’s officer, awaiting results of an autopsy, but rumors of drug use and instances of recent erratic behavior once again were the talk of the blogosphere. Watching the Grammy Awards show was to see an example of a world of which for a long time she was the queen, but it’s a kingdom that has rashly changed since her reign. It was full of fireworks, huge production numbers by the like of Ms. Perry, and Rhianna, mismatched to Cold Play, and voices that couldn’t match Houston’s on a good day. It was full of old-timers, the Beach Boys saddled up, and sometimes saddled with old band-mate and genius Brian Wilson who sat like a tree at the piano, Paul McCartney needing a hundred violins or so to bring off his number, mixed with another controversial Brown named Chris, and the impeccably wispy and dull Taylor Swift, whose pouty “Mean.” which she sang forever, seemed to be the best that country music had to over this year. When an oh-so-brief clip of Houston singing you know what or "the Star-Spangled Banner" appeared, you knew there was no one there who could match or let alone top her. Her gifts were so apparent, her voice such a gift, that they needed little embellishment. It should be said that Jennifer Hudson, no slouch in the big voice department, honored her well with her rendition of Houston’s greatest hit in a respectful, tear-producing tribute to Houston at the end of the program. The rest, unfortunately, will not be silence, but endless blogging, rumors and tweeting. Once again, Houston will rule the checkout line. We would all be better off to turn aside from the roar and gossip of the fame machine. Better yet, find somebody to dance with. And that song will always be there, in your head and heart, when all the Enquirers and Access Hollywood reporters run out of breath.

It started as a way to spend time with her grandmother. When she was in sixth grade, Sarah Willard began volunteering at the Weinberg Campus, a retirement community in Getzville. Now a sophomore at Sacred Heart Academy, Sarah and her grandmother, Cora Willard, are still volunteering today. Every Thursday, Sarah goes to help the residents at Weinberg play bingo. “I really do enjoy it,” said Sarah, “and I love getting to know the residents personally.” Along with assisting the residents at the bingo games, Sarah also helps get them there. “Actually, I have connected with many of the people I meet,” Sarah said. “I love getting to talk to them and hear about their stories and about their lives.” Sarah’s love of volunteer work is evident to those around her, said her mother, Karen. “Volunteering at Weinberg has taught Sarah to have a deep appreciation and respect for senior citizens,” Karen Willard said. Sarah said she can’t imagine not volunteering at Weinberg. “Everyone appreciates the volunteers, and I really do get so much out of the experience,” she added. For more information on volunteering at Weinberg Campus, call 639-3311 or visit www.weinbergcampus.org. – Hannah Zakrzewski, sophomore, Nardin Academy With Thanksgiving comes the theme of helping other people out and giving thanks. Many teens might ask themselves, “How can I help somebody out this Thanksgiving?” One way teens can help others is the Family Promise program. Many families have found themselves without a warm place to stay in these tough economic times, and Family Promise helps them out by allowing families to stay at a network of churches across Western New York for a period of time while they get back on their feet. On the program’s website, it states, “Family Promise of WNY is a cost-efficient, effective and replicable community response to homelessness. We bring together existing community resources, especially faith congregations to assist us with our mission.” Natalie Blatz is a Family Promise volunteer. She has been volunteering for two years to help out less fortunate people. “My favorite part is hanging out with the kids,” says Natalie, a sophomore at Amherst High School. “I love playing games with them and running around.” Natalie believes she also has reaped some benefits from Family Promise. “I gain experience with kids and other people,” she says. “I gained more social skills. I got the feeling that I was really helping people out. It’s also a good time for me to be with my parents and family, because I think we get to know each other better as a family when we’re helping others. “It’s really good for the families staying there, because they can be with other people in the same situation, and they can relate to each other. It’s a really good support tool for these families.” Another teen that helps out is Emily Hawes, 15, who’s been volunteering at Family Promise for six months. “My favorite part is playing with the kids, and helping in general,” says Emily, who is from Hamburg. “We’re there for the visitors to talk to if they need any assistance. You can really learn how to relate to someone else’s situation, and be in their shoes. “The program is all about helping others. It’s very helpful to the families that visit, because a warm place to stay is very important,” Emily says. “And especially with the winter season coming up, it’s important that we help find these nice people a place to stay, as it could be the difference between life and death.” “I would absolutely suggest it,” said Natalie about volunteering for Family Promise. “It’s so much fun, and I think everyone has fun, especially the people staying there. The feeling you get from helping others is so great, and everybody gets involved when we’re helping out. It’s extremely rewarding.” To find out more about volunteering at Family Promise, visit www.fpwny.org. – Sean Wright, sophomore, Clarence High School A nice steamy turkey comes out of the oven with buttery mashed potatoes, sensational stuffing, fresh corn, cranberry sauce and mouth-watering pumpkin pie. The family gathers for a celebration of joy and feasting. This may sound like the best way to indulge in Thanksgiving, but some area teens believe that there is a stronger meaning in their Thanksgiving. “We don’t have it that bad, and the best thing we can do is make a person’s less-Thanksgiving more thankful,” said Matt Braun, a senior at St. Joseph’s Collegiate Institute. Matt is highly involved in service. He has volunteered with Journey’s End, an organization that helps refugees; St. John’s Vacation Bible School; Loaves and Fishes soup kitchen; service retreats; and he can even be found in Kenmore doing yard work for people. “I work with Journey’s End because I’ve been thankful for what I have and it’s nice to give others what I have,” Matt said. With Journey’s End, Matt helps refugees move in and set up their homes. He said he enjoys making them feel that they are in a comfortable place as they begin a new life. Matt said he loves being part of Journey’s End. Joshua Deveso, a sophomore at St. Joseph’s Collegiate Institute, was involved in a program that would take him on a service trip to North Carolina. He became ill and couldn’t go on the trip, but that didn’t stop him from helping others. “Service is important because if you look at the world around, there are issues like poverty and not everyone can be saved, but every bit of difference helps,” said Joshua. At a young age, Joshua possesses great enthusiasm for service to others. He and his dad have spent weeks going to various homes of senior citizens to do yard work. Josh also has been involved in various services at his church, First Trinity. He hopes to become involved with a mission trip to Haiti. “I [also] would love to get involved in a soup kitchen and provide happiness to those without families,” Josh said. “Service is powerful. It not only helps [make] the person who does the service feel good, but [it] can make an impact on another. If you can make a difference in a certain day, it can mean the whole world to another person,” he said. For information on volunteering at Journey’s End, call 882-4963 or visit www.jersbuffalo.org. – Evan Hayes, senior, St. Joseph’s Collegiate Institute

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The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (The Oxford Shakespeare), ed. with a glossary by W.J. Craig M.A. (Oxford University Press, 1916). http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1632, |Available in the following formats:| |Kindle||149 KB||This is an E-book formatted for Amazon Kindle devices.| |EBook PDF||418 KB||This text-based PDF or EBook was created from the HTML version of this book and is part of the Portable Library of Liberty.| |HTML||330 KB||This version has been converted from the original text. Every effort has been taken to translate the unique features of the printed book into the HTML medium.| |Simplified HTML||330 KB||This is a simplifed HTML format, intended for screen readers and other limited-function browsers.| |ePub||142 KB||ePub standard file for your iPad or any e-reader compatible with that format| One of the plays in the 1916 Oxford University Press edition of all of Shakespeare’s plays and poems. The text is in the public domain. This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright Information section above, this material may be used freely for educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any way for profit. |DUKE OF VENICE.| |PRINCE OF MOROCCO, }||Suitors to Portia.| |PRINCE OF ARRAGON, }| |ANTONIO,||a Merchant of Venice.| |GRATIANO, }||Friends to Antonio and Bassanio.| |LORENZO,||in love with Jessica.| |SHYLOCK,||a rich Jew.| |TUBAL,||a Jew, his Friend.| |LAUNCELOT GOBBO,||a Clown, Servant to Shylock.| |OLD GOBBO,||Father to Launcelot.| |LEONARDO,||Servant to Bassanio.| |BALTHAZAR, }||Servants to Portia.| |PORTIA,||a rich Heiress.| |JESSICA,||Daughter to Shylock.| |Magnificoes of Venice, Officers of the Court of Justice, Gaoler, Servants to Portia, and other Attendants.| Scene.—Partly at Venice, and partly at Belmont, the seat of Portia, on the Continent. Enter Antonio, Salarino, and Salanio. In sooth, I know not why I am so sad: It wearies me; you say it wearies you; But how I caught it, found it, or came by it, What stuff ’tis made of, whereof it is born,Craig1916: 4 I am to learn; And such a want-wit sadness makes of me, That I have much ado to know myself. Your mind is tossing on the ocean;Craig1916: 8 There, where your argosies with portly sail,— Like signiors and rich burghers on the flood, Or, as it were, the pageants of the sea,— Do overpeer the petty traffickers,Craig1916: 12 That curtsy to them, do them reverence, As they fly by them with their woven wings. Believe me, sir, had I such venture forth, The better part of my affections wouldCraig1916: 16 Be with my hopes abroad. I should be still Plucking the grass to know where sits the wind; Peering in maps for ports, and piers, and roads; And every object that might make me fearCraig1916: 20 Misfortune to my ventures, out of doubt Would make me sad. My wind, cooling my broth, Would blow me to an ague, when I thought What harm a wind too great might do at sea.Craig1916: 24 I should not see the sandy hour-glass run But I should think of shallows and of flats, And see my wealthy Andrew dock’d in sand Vailing her high-top lower than her ribsCraig1916: 28 To kiss her burial. Should I go to church And see the holy edifice of stone, And not bethink me straight of dangerous rocks, Which touching but my gentle vessel’s sideCraig1916: 32 Would scatter all her spices on the stream, Enrobe the roaring waters with my silks; And, in a word, but even now worth this, And now worth nothing? Shall I have the thoughtCraig1916: 36 To think on this, and shall I lack the thought That such a thing bechanc’d would make me sad? But tell not me: I know Antonio Is sad to think upon his merchandise.Craig1916: 40 Believe me, no: I thank my fortune for it, My ventures are not in one bottom trusted, Nor to one place; nor is my whole estate Upon the fortune of this present year:Craig1916: 44 Therefore, my merchandise makes me not sad. Why, then you are in love. Not in love neither? Then let’s say you are sad, Because you are not merry: and ’twere as easy For you to laugh and leap, and say you are merry,Craig1916: 49 Because you are not sad. Now, by two-headed Janus, Nature hath fram’d strange fellows in her time: Some that will evermore peep through their eyes And laugh like parrots at a bag-piper,Craig1916: 53 And other of such vinegar aspect That they’ll not show their teeth in way of smile, Though Nestor swear the jest be laughable.Craig1916: 56 Enter Bassanio, Lorenzo, and Gratiano. Here comes Bassanio, your most noble kinsman, Gratiano, and Lorenzo. Fare ye well: We leave you now with better company. I would have stay’d till I had made you merry,Craig1916: 60 If worthier friends had not prevented me. Your worth is very dear in my regard. I take it, your own business calls on you, And you embrace the occasion to depart.Craig1916: 64 Good morrow, my good lords. Good signiors both, when shall we laugh? say when? You grow exceeding strange: must it be so? We’ll make our leisures to attend on yours. [Exeunt Salarino and Salanio. My Lord Bassanio, since you have found Antonio,Craig1916: 69 We too will leave you; but, at dinner-time, I pray you, have in mind where we must meet. I will not fail you.Craig1916: 72 You look not well, Signior Antonio; You have too much respect upon the world: They lose it that do buy it with much care: Believe me, you are marvellously chang’d.Craig1916: 76 I hold the world but as the world, Gratiano; A stage where every man must play a part, And mine a sad one. Let me play the fool: With mirth and laughter let old wrinkles come, And let my liver rather heat with wineCraig1916: 81 Than my heart cool with mortifying groans. Why should a man, whose blood is warm within, Sit like his grandsire cut in alabaster?Craig1916: 84 Sleep when he wakes, and creep into the jaundice By being peevish? I tell thee what, Antonio— I love thee, and it is my love that speaks— There are a sort of men whose visagesCraig1916: 88 Do cream and mantle like a standing pond, And do a wilful stillness entertain, With purpose to be dress’d in an opinion Of wisdom, gravity, profound conceit;Craig1916: 92 As who should say, ‘I am Sir Oracle, And when I ope my lips let no dog bark!’ O, my Antonio, I do know of these, That therefore only are reputed wiseCraig1916: 96 For saying nothing; when, I am very sure, If they should speak, would almost damn those ears Which, hearing them, would call their brothers fools. I’ll tell thee more of this another time:Craig1916: 100 But fish not, with this melancholy bait, For this fool-gudgeon, this opinion. Come, good Lorenzo. Fare ye well awhile: I’ll end my exhortation after dinner.Craig1916: 104 Well, we will leave you then till dinner-time. I must be one of these same dumb-wise men, For Gratiano never lets me speak. Well, keep me company but two years moe,Craig1916: 108 Thou shalt not know the sound of thine own tongue. Farewell: I’ll grow a talker for this gear. Thanks, i’ faith; for silence is only commendable In a neat’s tongue dried and a maid not vendible. [Exeunt Gratiano and Lorenzo. Is that anything now?Craig1916: 113 Gratiano speaks an infinite deal of nothing, more than any man in all Venice. His reasons are as two grains of wheat hid in two bushels of chaff: you shall seek all day ere you find them, and, when you have them, they are not worth the search. Well, tell me now, what lady is the same To whom you swore a secret pilgrimage,Craig1916: 121 That you to-day promis’d to tell me of? ’Tis not unknown to you, Antonio, How much I have disabled mine estate,Craig1916: 124 By something showing a more swelling port Than my faint means would grant continuance: Nor do I now make moan to be abridg’d From such a noble rate; but my chief careCraig1916: 128 Is, to come fairly off from the great debts Wherein my time, something too prodigal, Hath left me gag’d. To you, Antonio, I owe the most, in money and in love;Craig1916: 132 And from your love I have a warranty To unburthen all my plots and purposes How to get clear of all the debts I owe. I pray you, good Bassanio, let me know it;Craig1916: 136 And if it stand, as you yourself still do, Within the eye of honour, be assur’d, My purse, my person, my extremest means, Lie all unlock’d to your occasions.Craig1916: 140 In my school-days, when I had lost one shaft, I shot his fellow of the self-same flight The self-same way with more advised watch, To find the other forth, and by adventuring both, I oft found both. I urge this childhood proof, Because what follows is pure innocence. I owe you much, and, like a wilful youth, That which I owe is lost; but if you pleaseCraig1916: 148 To shoot another arrow that self way Which you did shoot the first, I do not doubt, As I will watch the aim, or to find both, Or bring your latter hazard back again,Craig1916: 152Edition: current; Page: And thankfully rest debtor for the first. You know me well, and herein spend but time To wind about my love with circumstance; And out of doubt you do me now more wrong In making question of my uttermostCraig1916: 157 Than if you had made waste of all I have: Then do but say to me what I should do That in your knowledge may by me be done,Craig1916: 160 And I am prest unto it: therefore speak. In Belmont is a lady richly left, And she is fair, and, fairer than that word, Of wondrous virtues: sometimes from her eyes I did receive fair speechless messages:Craig1916: 165 Her name is Portia; nothing undervalu’d To Cato’s daughter, Brutus’ Portia: Nor is the wide world ignorant of her worth,Craig1916: 168 For the four winds blow in from every coast Renowned suitors; and her sunny locks Hang on her temples like a golden fleece; Which makes her seat of Belmont Colchos’ strond,Craig1916: 172 And many Jasons come in quest of her. O my Antonio! had I but the means To hold a rival place with one of them, I have a mind presages me such thrift,Craig1916: 176 That I should questionless be fortunate. Thou knowest that all my fortunes are at sea; Neither have I money, nor commodity To raise a present sum: therefore go forth;Craig1916: 180 Try what my credit can in Venice do: That shall be rack’d, even to the uttermost, To furnish thee to Belmont, to fair Portia. Go, presently inquire, and so will I,Craig1916: 184 Where money is, and I no question make To have it of my trust or for my sake. Enter Portia and Nerissa. By my troth, Nerissa, my little body is aweary of this great world. You would be, sweet madam, if your miseries were in the same abundance as your good fortunes are: and yet, for aught I see, they are as sick that surfeit with too much as they that starve with nothing. It is no mean happiness therefore, to be seated in the mean: superfluity comes sooner by white hairs, but competency lives longer.Craig1916: 10 Good sentences and well pronounced. They would be better if well followed. If to do were as easy as to know what were good to do, chapels had been churches, and poor men’s cottages princes’ palaces. It is a good divine that follows his own instructions: I can easier teach twenty what were good to be done, than be one of the twenty to follow mine own teaching. The brain may devise laws for the blood, but a hot temper leaps o’er a cold decree: such a hare is madness the youth, to skip o’er the meshes of good counsel the cripple. But this reasoning is not in the fashion to choose me a husband. O me, the word ‘choose!’ I may neither choose whom I would nor refuse whom I dislike; so is the will of a living daughter curbed by the will of a dead father. Is it not hard, Nerissa, that I cannot choose one nor refuse none?Craig1916: 29 Your father was ever virtuous, and holy men at their death have good inspirations; therefore, the lottery that he hath devised in these three chests of gold, silver, and lead, whereof who chooses his meaning chooses you, will, no doubt, never be chosen by any rightly but one who you shall rightly love. But what warmth is there in your affection towards any of these princely suitors that are already come?Craig1916: 38 I pray thee, over-name them, and as thou namest them, I will describe them; and, according to my description, level at my affection. First, there is the Neapolitan prince.Craig1916: 42 Ay, that’s a colt indeed, for he doth nothing but talk of his horse; and he makes it a great appropriation to his own good parts that he can shoe him himself. I am much afeard my lady his mother played false with a smith. Then is there the County Palatine.Craig1916: 48 He doth nothing but frown, as who should say, ‘An you will not have me, choose.’ He hears merry tales, and smiles not: I fear he will prove the weeping philosopher when he grows old, being so full of unmannerly sadness in his youth. I had rather be married to a death’s-head with a bone in his mouth than to either of these. God defend me from these two! How say you by the French lord, Monsieur Le Bon?Craig1916: 58 God made him, and therefore let him pass for a man. In truth, I know it is a sin to be a mocker; but, he! why, he hath a horse better than the Neapolitan’s, a better bad habit of frowning than the Count Palatine; he is every man in no man; if a throstle sing, he falls straight a-capering; he will fence with his own shadow: if I should marry him, I should marry twenty husbands. If he would despise me, I would forgive him, for if he love me to madness, I shall never requite him.Craig1916: 69 What say you, then, to Falconbridge, the young baron of England? You know I say nothing to him, for he Edition: current; Page: understands not me, nor I him: he hath neither Latin, French, nor Italian; and you will come into the court and swear that I have a poor pennyworth in the English. He is a proper man’s picture, but, alas! who can converse with a dumb-show? How oddly he is suited! I think he bought his doublet in Italy, his round hose in France, his bonnet in Germany, and his behaviour every where.Craig1916: 81 What think you of the Scottish lord, his neighbour? That he hath a neighbourly charity in him, for he borrowed a box of the ear of the Englishman, and swore he would pay him again when he was able: I think the Frenchman became his surety and sealed under for another. How like you the young German, the Duke of Saxony’s nephew?Craig1916: 90 Very vilely in the morning, when he is sober, and most vilely in the afternoon, when he is drunk: when he is best, he is a little worse than a man, and when he is worst, he is little better than a beast. An the worst fall that ever fell, I hope I shall make shift to go without him. If he should offer to choose, and choose the right casket, you should refuse to perform your father’s will, if you should refuse to accept him.Craig1916: 100 Therefore, for fear of the worst, I pray thee, set a deep glass of Rhenish wine on the contrary casket, for, if the devil be within and that temptation without, I know he will choose it. I will do anything, Nerissa, ere I will be married to a sponge.Craig1916: 106 You need not fear, lady, the having any of these lords: they have acquainted me with their determinations; which is, indeed, to return to their home and to trouble you with no more suit, unless you may be won by some other sort than your father’s imposition depending on the caskets.Craig1916: 113 If I live to be as old as Sibylla, I will die as chaste as Diana, unless I be obtained by the manner of my father’s will. I am glad this parcel of wooers are so reasonable, for there is not one among them but I dote on his very absence, and I pray God grant them a fair departure.Craig1916: 120 Do you not remember, lady, in your father’s time, a Venetian, a scholar and a soldier, that came hither in the company of the Marquis of Montferrat?Craig1916: 124 Yes, yes: it was Bassanio; as I think, he was so called. True, madam: he, of all the men that ever my foolish eyes looked upon, was the best deserving a fair lady.Craig1916: 129 I remember him well, and I remember him worthy of thy praise. Enter a Servant. How now! what news?Craig1916: 132 The four strangers seek for you, madam, to take their leave; and there is a forerunner come from a fifth, the Prince of Morocco, who brings word the prince his master will be here to-night.Craig1916: 137 If I could bid the fifth welcome with so good heart as I can bid the other four farewell, I should be glad of his approach: if he have the condition of a saint and the complexion of a devil, I had rather he should shrive me than wive me. Come, Nerissa. Sirrah, go before.Craig1916: 143 Whiles we shut the gate upon one wooer, another knocks at the door. Enter Bassanio and Shylock. Three thousand ducats; well? Ay, sir, for three months. For three months; well? For the which, as I told you, Antonio shall be bound.Craig1916: 5 Antonio shall become bound; well? May you stead me? Will you pleasure me? Shall I know your answer?Craig1916: 8 Three thousand ducats, for three months, and Antonio bound. Your answer to that. Antonio is a good man.Craig1916: 12 Have you heard any imputation to the contrary? Ho, no, no, no, no: my meaning in saying he is a good man is to have you understand me that he is sufficient. Yet his means are in supposition: he hath an argosy bound to Tripolis, another to the Indies; I understand moreover upon the Rialto, he hath a third at Mexico, a fourth for England, and other ventures he hath, squandered abroad. But ships are but boards, sailors but men: there be land-rats and water-rats, land-thieves, and water-thieves,—I mean pirates,—and then there is the peril of waters, winds, and rocks. The man is, notwithstanding, sufficient. Three thousand ducats; I think, I may take his bond.Craig1916: 28 Be assured you may. I will be assured I may; and, that I may be assured, I will bethink me. May I speak with Antonio?Craig1916: 32 If it please you to dine with us. Yes, to smell pork: to eat of the habitation which your prophet the Nazarite conjured Edition: current; Page: the devil into. I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following; but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you. What news on the Rialto? Who is he comes here?Craig1916: 40 This is Signior Antonio. [Aside.] How like a fawning publican he looks! I hate him for he is a Christian; But more for that in low simplicityCraig1916: 44 He lends out money gratis, and brings down The rate of usance here with us in Venice. If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him.Craig1916: 48 He hates our sacred nation, and he rails, Even there where merchants most do congregate, On me, my bargains, and my well-won thrift, Which he calls interest. Cursed be my tribe,Craig1916: 52 If I forgive him! Shylock, do you hear? I am debating of my present store, And, by the near guess of my memory, I cannot instantly raise up the grossCraig1916: 56 Of full three thousand ducats. What of that? Tubal, a wealthy Hebrew of my tribe, Will furnish me. But soft! how many months Do you desire? [To Antonio.] Rest you fair, good signior;Craig1916: 60 Your worship was the last man in our mouths. Shylock, albeit I neither lend nor borrow By taking nor by giving of excess, Yet, to supply the ripe wants of my friend,Craig1916: 64 I’ll break a custom. [To Bassanio.] Is he yet possess’d How much ye would? Ay, ay, three thousand ducats. And for three months. I had forgot; three months; you told me so.Craig1916: 68 Well then, your bond; and let me see. But hear you; Methought you said you neither lend nor borrow I do never use it. When Jacob graz’d his uncle Laban’s sheep,—Craig1916: 72 This Jacob from our holy Abram was, As his wise mother wrought in his behalf, The third possessor: ay, he was the third,— And what of him? did he take interest? No; not take interest; not, as you would say,Craig1916: 77 Directly interest: mark what Jacob did. When Laban and himself were compromis’d, That all the eanlings that were streak’d and piedCraig1916: 80 Should fall as Jacob’s hire, the ewes, being rank, In end of autumn turned to the rams; And, when the work of generation was Between these woolly breeders in the act,Craig1916: 84 The skilful shepherd peel’d me certain wands, And, in the doing of the deed of kind, He stuck them up before the fulsome ewes, Who, then conceiving, did in eaning timeCraig1916: 88 Fall parti-colour’d lambs, and those were Jacob’s. This was a way to thrive, and he was blest: And thrift is blessing, if men steal it not. This was a venture, sir, that Jacob serv’d for;Craig1916: 92 A thing not in his power to bring to pass, But sway’d and fashion’d by the hand of heaven. Was this inserted to make interest good? Or is your gold and silver ewes and rams?Craig1916: 96 I cannot tell; I make it breed as fast: But note me, signior. Mark you this, Bassanio, The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. An evil soul, producing holy witness,Craig1916: 100 Is like a villain with a smiling cheek, A goodly apple rotten at the heart. O, what a goodly outside falsehood hath! Three thousand ducats; ’tis a good round sum.Craig1916: 104 Three months from twelve, then let me see the rate. Well, Shylock, shall we be beholding to you? Signior Antonio, many a time and oft In the Rialto you have rated meCraig1916: 108 About my moneys and my usances: Still have I borne it with a patient shrug, For sufferance is the badge of all our tribe. You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog,Craig1916: 112 And spet upon my Jewish gaberdine, And all for use of that which is mine own. Well then, it now appears you need my help: Go to then; you come to me, and you say,Craig1916: 116 ‘Shylock, we would have moneys:’ you say so; You, that did void your rheum upon my beard, And foot me as you spurn a stranger cur Over your threshold: moneys is your suit.Craig1916: 120 What should I say to you? Should I not say, ‘Hath a dog money? Is it possible A cur can lend three thousand ducats?’ or Shall I bend low, and in a bondman’s key,Craig1916: 124 With bated breath, and whispering humbleness, ‘Fair sir, you spet on me on Wednesday last; You spurn’d me such a day; another timeCraig1916: 128 You call’d me dog; and for these courtesies I’ll lend you thus much moneys?’ I am as like to call thee so again, To spet on thee again, to spurn thee too.Craig1916: 132 If thou wilt lend this money, lend it not As to thy friends,—for when did friendship take A breed for barren metal of his friend?— But lend it rather to thine enemy;Craig1916: 136 Who if he break, thou mayst with better face Exact the penalty. Why, look you, how you storm! I would be friends with you, and have your love, Forget the shames that you have stain’d me with,Craig1916: 140 Supply your present wants, and take no doit Of usance for my moneys, and you’ll not hear me: This is kind I offer. This were kindness. This kindness will I show. Go with me to a notary, seal me thereCraig1916: 145 Your single bond; and, in a merry sport, If you repay me not on such a day, In such a place, such sum or sums as areCraig1916: 148 Express’d in the condition, let the forfeit Be nominated for an equal pound Of your fair flesh, to be cut off and taken In what part of your body pleaseth me.Craig1916: 152 Content, i’ faith: I’ll seal to such a bond, And say there is much kindness in the Jew. You shall not seal to such a bond for me: I’ll rather dwell in my necessity.Craig1916: 156 Why, fear not, man; I will not forfeit it: Within these two months, that’s a month before This bond expires, I do expect return Of thrice three times the value of this bond.Craig1916: 160 O father Abram! what these Christians are, Whose own hard dealing teaches them suspect The thoughts of others. Pray you, tell me this; If he should break his day, what should I gain By the exaction of the forfeiture?Craig1916: 165 A pound of man’s flesh, taken from a man, Is not so estimable, profitable neither, As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats. I say,Craig1916: 168 To buy his favour, I extend this friendship: If he will take it, so; if not, adieu; And, for my love, I pray you wrong me not. Yes, Shylock, I will seal unto this bond. Then meet me forthwith at the notary’s; Give him direction for this merry bond, And I will go and purse the ducats straight, See to my house, left in the fearful guardCraig1916: 176 Of an unthrifty knave, and presently I will be with you. Hie thee, gentle Jew. This Hebrew will turn Christian: he grows kind. I like not fair terms and a villain’s mind.Craig1916: 180 Come on: in this there can be no dismay; My ships come home a month before the day. Flourish of Cornets. Enter the Prince of Morocco, and his Followers; Portia, Nerissa, and Others of her Train. Mislike me not for my complexion, The shadow’d livery of the burnish’d sun, To whom I am a neighbour and near bred. Bring me the fairest creature northward born,Craig1916: 4 Where Phœbus’ fire scarce thaws the icicles, And let us make incision for your love, To prove whose blood is reddest, his or mine. I tell thee, lady, this aspect of mineCraig1916: 8 Hath fear’d the valiant: by my love, I swear The best regarded virgins of our clime Have lov’d it too: I would not change this hue, Except to steal your thoughts, my gentle queen. In terms of choice I am not solely led By nice direction of a maiden’s eyes; Besides, the lottery of my destiny Bars me the right of voluntary choosing:Craig1916: 16 But if my father had not scanted me And hedg’d me by his wit, to yield myself His wife who wins me by that means I told you, Yourself, renowned prince, then stood as fairCraig1916: 20 As any comer I have look’d on yet For my affection. Even for that I thank you: Therefore, I pray you, lead me to the caskets To try my fortune. By this scimitar,—Craig1916: 24 That slew the Sophy, and a Persian prince That won three fields of Sultan Solyman,— I would outstare the sternest eyes that look, Outbrave the heart most daring on the earth,Craig1916: 28 Pluck the young sucking cubs from the she-bear, Yea, mock the lion when he roars for prey, To win thee, lady. But, alas the while! If Hercules and Lichas play at diceCraig1916: 32 Which is the better man, the greater throw May turn by fortune from the weaker hand: So is Alcides beaten by his page; And so may I, blind fortune leading me,Craig1916: 36 Miss that which one unworthier may attain, And die with grieving. You must take your chance; And either not attempt to choose at all, Or swear before you choose, if you choose wrong, Never to speak to lady afterwardCraig1916: 41 In way of marriage: therefore be advis’d. Nor will not: come, bring me unto my chance. First, forward to the temple: after dinnerCraig1916: 44 Your hazard shall be made. Good fortune then! To make me blest or cursed’st among men! [Cornets, and exeunt. Enter Launcelot Gobbo. Certainly my conscience will serve me to run from this Jew my master. The fiend is at mine elbow, and tempts me, saying to me, ‘Gobbo, Launcelot Gobbo, good Launcelot,’ or ‘good Gobbo,’ or ‘good Launcelot Gobbo, use your legs, take the start, run away.’ My conscience says, ‘No; take heed, honest Launcelot; take heed, honest Gobbo;’ or, as aforesaid, ‘honest Launcelot Gobbo; do not run; scorn running with thy heels.’ Well, the most courageous fiend bids me pack: ‘Via!’ says the fiend; ‘away!’ says the fiend; ‘for the heavens, rouse up a brave mind,’ says the fiend, ‘and run.’ Well, my conscience, hanging about the neck of my heart, says very wisely to me, ‘My honest friend Launcelot, being an honest man’s son,’—or rather an honest woman’s son;—for, indeed, my father did something smack, something grow to, he had a kind of taste;—well, my conscience says, ‘Launcelot, budge not.’ ‘Budge,’ says the fiend. ‘Budge not,’ says my conscience. ‘Conscience,’ say I, ‘you counsel well;’ ‘fiend,’ say I, ‘you counsel well:’ to be ruled by my conscience, I should stay with the Jew my master, who, God bless the mark! is a kind of devil; and, to run away from the Jew, I should be ruled by the fiend, who, saving your reverence, is the devil himself. Certainly, the Jew is the very devil incarnal; and, in my conscience, my conscience is but a kind of hard conscience, to offer to counsel me to stay with the Jew. The fiend gives the more friendly counsel: I will run, fiend; my heels are at your commandment; I will run.Craig1916: 33 Enter Old Gobbo, with a basket. Master young man, you; I pray you, which is the way to Master Jew’s? [Aside.] O heavens! this is my truebegotten father, who, being more than sandblind, high-gravel blind, knows me not: I will try confusions with him. Master young gentleman, I pray you, which is the way to Master Jew’s?Craig1916: 41 Turn up on your right hand at the next turning, but, at the next turning of all, on your left; marry, at the very next turning, turn of no hand, but turn down indirectly to the Jew’s house. By God’s sonties, ’twill be a hard way to hit. Can you tell me whether one Launcelot, that dwells with him, dwell with him or no?Craig1916: 49 Talk you of young Master Launcelot? [Aside.] Mark me now; now will I raise the waters. Talk you of young Master Launcelot? No master, sir, but a poor man’s son: his father, though I say it, is an honest, exceeding poor man, and, God be thanked, well to live.Craig1916: 56 Well, let his father be what a’ will, we talk of young Master Launcelot. Your worship’s friend, and Launcelot, sir.Craig1916: 60 But I pray you, ergo, old man, ergo, I beseech you, talk you of young Master Launcelot? Of Launcelot, an’t please your mastership.Craig1916: 64 Ergo, Master Launcelot. Talk not of Master Launcelot, father; for the young gentleman,—according to Fates and Destinies and such odd sayings, the Sisters Three and such branches of learning,—is, indeed, deceased; or, as you would say in plain terms, gone to heaven. Marry, God forbid! the boy was the very staff of my age, my very prop.Craig1916: 72 [Aside.] Do I look like a cudgel or a hovel-post, a staff or a prop? Do you know me, father? Alack the day! I know you not, young gentleman: but I pray you, tell me, is my boy,—God rest his soul!—alive or dead? Do you not know me, father? Alack, sir, I am sand-blind; I know you not.Craig1916: 81 Nay, indeed, if you had your eyes, you might fail of the knowing me: it is a wise father that knows his own child. Well, old man, I will tell you news of your son. Give me your blessing; truth will come to light; murder cannot be hid long; a man’s son may, but, in the end, truth will out.Craig1916: 88 Pray you, sir, stand up. I am sure you are not Launcelot, my boy. Pray you, let’s have no more fooling about it, but give me your blessing: I am Launcelot, your boy that was, your son that is, your child that shall be.Craig1916: 94 I cannot think you are my son. I know not what I shall think of that; but I am Launcelot, the Jew’s man, and I am sure Margery your wife is my mother.Craig1916: 98 Her name is Margery, indeed: I’ll be sworn, if thou be Launcelot, thou art mine own Edition: current; Page: flesh and blood. Lord worshipped might he be! what a beard hast thou got! thou hast got more hair on thy chin than Dobbin my thill-horse has on his tail.Craig1916: 104 It should seem then that Dobbin’s tail grows backward: I am sure he had more hair on his tail than I have on my face, when I last saw him.Craig1916: 108 Lord! how art thou changed. How dost thou and thy master agree? I have brought him a present. How ’gree you now? Well, well: but, for mine own part, as I have set up my rest to run away, so I will not rest till I have run some ground. My master’s a very Jew: give him a present! give him a halter: I am farnished in his service; you may tell every finger I have with my ribs. Father, I am glad you are come: give me your present to one Master Bassanio, who, indeed, gives rare new liveries. If I serve not him, I will run as far as God has any ground. O rare fortune! here comes the man: to him, father; for I am a Jew, if I serve the Jew any longer.Craig1916: 123 Enter Bassanio, with Leonardo, and other Followers. You may do so; but let it be so hasted that supper be ready at the very furthest by five of the clock. See these letters delivered; put the liveries to making; and desire Gratiano to come anon to my lodging. [Exit a Servant. To him, father.Craig1916: 129 God bless your worship! Gramercy! wouldst thou aught with me?Craig1916: 132 Here’s my son, sir, a poor boy,— Not a poor boy, sir, but the rich Jew’s man; that would, sir,—as my father shall specify,—Craig1916: 136 He hath a great infection, sir, as one would say, to serve— Indeed, the short and the long is, I serve the Jew, and have a desire, as my father shall specify,—Craig1916: 141 His master and he, saving your worship’s reverence, are scarce cater-cousins,— To be brief, the very truth is that the Jew having done me wrong, doth cause me,—as my father, being, I hope, an old man, shall frutify unto you,—Craig1916: 147 I have here a dish of doves that I would bestow upon your worship, and my suit is,— In very brief, the suit is impertinent to myself, as your worship shall know by this honest old man; and, though I say it, though old man, yet poor man, my father. One speak for both. What would you? Serve you, sir.Craig1916: 156 That is the very defect of the matter, sir. I know thee well; thou hast obtain’d thy suit: Shylock thy master spoke with me this day,Craig1916: 160 And hath preferr’d thee, if it be preferment To leave a rich Jew’s service, to become The follower of so poor a gentleman. The old proverb is very well parted between my master Shylock and you, sir: you have the grace of God, sir, and he hath enough. Thou speak’st it well. Go, father, with thy son. Take leave of thy old master, and inquireCraig1916: 168 My lodging out. [To his followers.] Give him a livery More guarded than his fellows’: see it done. Father, in. I cannot get a service, no; I have ne’er a tongue in my head. Well, [Looking on his palm.] if any man in Italy have a fairer table which doth offer to swear upon a book, I shall have good fortune. Go to; here’s a simple line of life: here’s a small trifle of wives: alas! fifteen wives is nothing: a ’leven widows and nine maids is a simple coming-in for one man; and then to ’scape drowning thrice, and to be in peril of my life with the edge of a feather-bed; here are simple ’scapes. Well, if Fortune be a woman, she’s a good wench for this gear. Father, come; I’ll take my leave of the Jew in the twinkling of an eye.Craig1916: 184 [Exeunt Launcelot and Old Gobbo. I pray thee, good Leonardo, think on this: These things being bought, and orderly bestow’d, Return in haste, for I do feast to-night My best-esteem’d acquaintance: hie thee, go.Craig1916: 188 My best endeavours shall be done herein. Where is your master? Yonder, sir, he walks. I have a suit to you. You have obtain’d it. You must not deny me: I must go with you to Belmont. Why, then you must. But hear thee, Gratiano; Thou art too wild, too rude and bold of voice; Parts that become thee happily enough,Craig1916: 197 And in such eyes as ours appear not faults;Edition: current; Page: But where thou art not known, why, there they show Something too liberal. Pray thee, take painCraig1916: 200 To allay with some cold drops of modesty Thy skipping spirit, lest, through thy wild behaviour, I be misconstru’d in the place I go to, And lose my hopes. Signior Bassanio, hear me:Craig1916: 204 If I do not put on a sober habit, Talk with respect, and swear but now and then, Wear prayer-books in my pocket, look demurely, Nay more, while grace is saying, hood mine eyes Thus with my hat, and sigh, and say ‘amen;’ Use all the observance of civility, Like one well studied in a sad ostent To please his grandam, never trust me more.Craig1916: 212 Well, we shall see your bearing. Nay, but I bar to-night; you shall not gauge me By what we do to-night. No, that were pity: I would entreat you rather to put onCraig1916: 216 Your boldest suit of mirth, for we have friends That purpose merriment. But fare you well: I have some business. And I must to Lorenzo and the rest;Craig1916: 220 But we will visit you at supper-time. Enter Jessica and Launcelot. I am sorry thou wilt leave my father so: Our house is hell, and thou, a merry devil, Didst rob it of some taste of tediousness. But fare thee well; there is a ducat for thee:Craig1916: 4 And, Launcelot, soon at supper shalt thou see Lorenzo, who is thy new master’s guest: Give him this letter; do it secretly; And so farewell: I would not have my fatherCraig1916: 8 See me in talk with thee. Adieu! tears exhibit my tongue. Most beautiful pagan, most sweet Jew! If a Christian did not play the knave and get thee, I am much deceived. But, adieu! these foolish drops do somewhat drown my manly spirit: adieu! Farewell, good Launcelot. Alack, what heinous sin is it in meCraig1916: 16 To be asham’d to be my father’s child! But though I am a daughter to his blood, I am not to his manners. O Lorenzo! If thou keep promise, I shall end this strife,Craig1916: 20 Become a Christian, and thy loving wife. Enter Gratiano, Lorenzo, Salarino, and Salanio. Nay, we will slink away in supper-time, Disguise us at my lodging, and return All in an hour. We have not made good preparation.Craig1916: 4 We have not spoke us yet of torch-bearers. ’Tis vile, unless it may be quaintly order’d, And better, in my mind, not undertook. ’Tis now but four o’clock: we have two hoursCraig1916: 8 To furnish us. Enter Launcelot, with a letter. Friend Launcelot, what’s the news? An it shall please you to break up this, it shall seem to signify. I know the hand: in faith, ’tis a fair hand; And whiter than the paper it writ onCraig1916: 13 Is the fair hand that writ. Love news, in faith. By your leave, sir. Whither goest thou?Craig1916: 16 Marry, sir, to bid my old master, the Jew, to sup to-night with my new master, the Christian. Hold here, take this: tell gentle Jessica I will not fail her; speak it privately.Craig1916: 21 Will you prepare you for this masque to-night? I am provided of a torch-bearer.Craig1916: 24 Ay, marry, I’ll be gone about it straight. And so will I. Meet me and Gratiano At Gratiano’s lodging some hour hence. ’Tis good we do so.Craig1916: 28 [Exeunt Salarino and Salanio. Was not that letter from fair Jessica? I must needs tell thee all. She hath directed How I shall take her from her father’s house; What gold and jewels she is furnish’d with;Craig1916: 32 What page’s suit she hath in readiness. If e’er the Jew her father come to heaven, It will be for his gentle daughter’s sake; And never dare misfortune cross her foot,Craig1916: 36 Unless she do it under this excuse, That she is issue to a faithless Jew. Come, go with me: peruse this as thou goest. Fair Jessica shall be my torch-bearer. Enter Shylock and Launcelot. Well, thou shalt see, thy eyes shall be thy judge, The difference of old Shylock and Bassanio:— What, Jessical—thou shalt not gormandize, As thou hast done with me;—What, Jessical— And sleep and snore, and rend apparel out—Craig1916: 5 Why, Jessica, I say! Who bids thee call? I do not bid thee call. Your worship was wont to tell me that I could do nothing without bidding.Craig1916: 9 Call you? What is your will? I am bid forth to supper, Jessica: There are my keys. But wherefore should I go? I am not bid for love; they flatter me:Craig1916: 13 But yet I’ll go in hate, to feed upon The prodigal Christian. Jessica, my girl, Look to my house. I am right loath to go:Craig1916: 16 There is some ill a-brewing towards my rest, For I did dream of money-bags to-night. I beseech you, sir, go: my young master doth expect your reproach.Craig1916: 20 So do I his. And they have conspired together: I will not say you shall see a masque; but if you do, then it was not for nothing that my nose fell a-bleeding on Black-Monday last, at six o’clock i’ the morning, falling out that year on Ash-Wednesday was four year in the afternoon. What! are there masques? Hear you me, Jessica:Craig1916: 28 Lock up my doors; and when you hear the drum, And the vile squealing of the wry-neck’d fife, Clamber not you up to the casements then, Nor thrust your head into the public streetCraig1916: 32 To gaze on Christian fools with varnish’d faces, But stop my house’s ears, I mean my casements; Let not the sound of shallow foppery enter My sober house. By Jacob’s staff I swearCraig1916: 36 I have no mind of feasting forth to-night; But I will go. Go you before me, sirrah; Say I will come. I will go before, air. Mistress, look out at window, for all this;Craig1916: 41 What says that fool of Hagar’s offspring, ha?Craig1916: 44 His words were, ‘Farewell, mistress;’ nothing else. The patch is kind enough, but a huge feeder; Snail-slow in profit, and he sleeps by day More than the wild cat: drones hive not with me;Craig1916: 48 Therefore I part with him, and part with him To one that I would have him help to waste His borrow’d purse. Well, Jessica, go in: Perhaps I will return immediately:Craig1916: 52 Do as I bid you; shut doors after you: ‘Fast bind, fast find,’ A proverb never stale in thrifty mind. Farewell; and if my fortune be not crost, I have a father, you a daughter, lost. Enter Gratiano and Salarino, masqued. This is the penthouse under which Lorenzo Desir’d us to make stand. His hour is almost past. And it is marvel he out-dwells his hour, For lovers ever run before the clock.Craig1916: 4 O! ten times faster Venus’ pigeons fly To seal love’s bonds new-made, than they are wont To keep obliged faith unforfeited! That ever holds: who riseth from a feast With that keen appetite that he sits down?Craig1916: 9 Where is the horse that doth untread again His tedious measures with the unbated fire That he did pace them first? All things that are, Are with more spirit chased than enjoy’d.Craig1916: 13 How like a younker or a prodigal The scarfed bark puts from her native bay, Hugg’d and embraced by the strumpet wind!Craig1916: 16 How like the prodigal doth she return, With over-weather’d ribs and ragged sails, Lean, rent, and beggar’d by the strumpet wind! Here comes Lorenzo: more of this hereafter.Craig1916: 20 Sweet friends, your patience for my long abode; Not I, but my affairs, have made you wait: When you shall please to play the thieves for wives, I’ll watch as long for you then. Approach;Craig1916: 24 Here dwells my father Jew. Ho! who’s within? Enter Jessica above, in boy’s clothes. Who are you? Tell me, for more certainty, Albeit I’ll swear that I do know your tongue. Lorenzo, and thy love.Craig1916: 28 Lorenzo, certain; and my love indeed, For whom love I so much? And now who knows But you, Lorenzo, whether I am yours? Heaven and thy thoughts are witness that thou art.Craig1916: 32 Here, catch this casket; it is worth the pains. I am glad ’tis night, you do not look on me, For I am much asham’d of my exchange; But love is blind, and lovers cannot seeCraig1916: 36 The pretty follies that themselves commit; For if they could, Cupid himself would blush To see me thus transformed to a boy. Descend, for you must be my torch-bearer.Craig1916: 40 What! must I hold a candle to my shames? They in themselves, good sooth, are too-too light. Why, ’tis an office of discovery, love, And I should be obscur’d. So are you, sweet,Craig1916: 44 Even in the lovely garnish of a boy. But come at once; For the close night doth play the runaway, And we are stay’d for at Bassanio’s feast.Craig1916: 48 I will make fast the doors, and gild myself With some more ducats, and be with you straight. Now, by my hood, a Gentile, and no Jew. Beshrew me, but I love her heartily;Craig1916: 52 For she is wise, if I can judge of her, And fair she is, if that mine eyes be true, And true she is, as she hath prov’d herself; And therefore, like herself, wise, fair, and true, Shall she be placed in my constant soul.Craig1916: 57 What, art thou come? On, gentlemen; away! Our masquing mates by this time for us stay. [Exit with Jessica and Salarino. Who’s there?Craig1916: 60 Fie, fie, Gratiano! where are all the rest? ’Tis nine o’clock; our friends all stay for you. No masque to-night: the wind is come about;Craig1916: 64 Bassanio presently will go aboard: I have sent twenty out to seek for you. I am glad on’t: I desire no more delight Than to be under sail and gone to-night.Craig1916: 68 Flourish of Cornets. Enter Portia, with the Prince of Morocco, and their Trains. Go, draw aside the curtains, and discover The several caskets to this noble prince. Now make your choice. The first, of gold, which this inscription bears:Craig1916: 4 Who chooseth me shall gain what many men desire. The second, silver, which this promise carries: Who chooseth me shall get as much as he deserves. This third, dull lead, with warning all as blunt: Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath.Craig1916: 9 How shall I know if I do choose the right? The one of them contains my picture, prince: If you choose that, then I am yours withal.Craig1916: 12 Some god direct my judgment! Let me see: I will survey the inscriptions back again: What says this leaden casket? Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath.Craig1916: 16 Must give: For what? for lead? hazard for lead? This casket threatens. Men that hazard all Do it in hope of fair advantages: A golden mind stoops not to shows of dross;Craig1916: 20 I’ll then nor give nor hazard aught for lead. What says the silver with her virgin hue? Who chooseth me shall get as much as he deserves. As much as he deserves! Pause there, Morocco, And weigh thy value with an even hand.Craig1916: 25 If thou be’st rated by thy estimation, Thou dost deserve enough; and yet enough May not extend so far as to the lady:Craig1916: 28 And yet to be afeard of my deserving Were but a weak disabling of myself. As much as I deserve! Why, that’s the lady: I do in birth deserve her, and in fortunes,Craig1916: 32 In graces, and in qualities of breeding; But more than these, in love I do deserve. What if I stray’d no further, but chose here? Let’s see once more this saying grav’d in gold:Craig1916: 36Edition: current; Page: Who chooseth me shall gain what many men desire. Why, that’s the lady: all the world desires her; From the four corners of the earth they come, To kiss this shrine, this mortal-breathing saint: The Hyrcanian deserts and the vasty wildsCraig1916: 41 Of wide Arabia are as throughfares now For princes to come view fair Portia: The watery kingdom, whose ambitious headCraig1916: 44 Spits in the face of heaven, is no bar To stop the foreign spirits, but they come, As o’er a brook, to see fair Portia. One of these three contains her heavenly picture. Is’t like that lead contains her? ’Twere damnationCraig1916: 49 To think so base a thought: it were too gross To rib her cerecloth in the obscure grave. Or shall I think in silver she’s immur’d,Craig1916: 52 Being ten times undervalu’d to tried gold? O sinful thought! Never so rich a gem Was set in worse than gold. They have in England A coin that bears the figure of an angelCraig1916: 56 Stamped in gold, but that’s insculp’d upon; But here an angel in a golden bed Lies all within. Deliver me the key: Here do I choose, and thrive I as I may!Craig1916: 60 There, take it, prince; and if my form lie there, Then I am yours. [He unlocks the golden casket. O hell! what have we here? A carrion Death, within whose empty eye There is a written scroll. I’ll read the writing. Cold, indeed; and labour lost: Then, farewell, heat, and welcome, frost! Portia, adieu. I have too griev’d a heartCraig1916: 76 To take a tedious leave: thus losers part. [Exit with his Train. Flourish of Cornets. A gentle riddance. Draw the curtains: go. Let all of his complexion choose me so. Enter Salarino and Salanio. Why, man, I saw Bassanio under sail: With him is Gratiano gone along; And in their ship I’m sure Lorenzo is not. The villain Jew with outcries rais’d the duke,Craig1916: 4 Who went with him to search Bassanio’s ship. He came too late, the ship was under sail: But there the duke was given to understand That in a gondola were seen togetherCraig1916: 8 Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica. Besides, Antonio certified the duke They were not with Bassanio in his ship. I never heard a passion so confus’d,Craig1916: 12 So strange, outrageous, and so variable, As the dog Jew did utter in the streets: ‘My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats! Justice! the law! my ducats, and my daughter! A sealed bag, two sealed bags of ducats, Of double ducats, stol’n from me by my daughter! And jewels! two stones, two rich and precious stones,Craig1916: 20 Stol’n by my daughter! Justice! find the girl! She hath the stones upon her, and the ducats.’ Why, all the boys in Venice follow him, Crying, his stones, his daughter, and his ducats. Let good Antonio look he keep his day,Craig1916: 25 Or he shall pay for this. Marry, well remember’d. I reason’d with a Frenchman yesterday, Who told me,—in the narrow seas that partCraig1916: 28 The French and English,—there miscarried A vessel of our country richly fraught. I thought upon Antonio when he told me, And wish’d in silence that it were not his.Craig1916: 32 You were best to tell Antonio what you hear; Yet do not suddenly, for it may grieve him. A kinder gentleman treads not the earth. I saw Bassanio and Antonio part:Craig1916: 36 Bassanio told him he would make some speed Of his return: he answer’d ‘Do not so; Slubber not business for my sake, Bassanio, But stay the very riping of the time;Craig1916: 40 And for the Jew’s bond which he hath of me, Let it not enter in your mind of love: Be merry, and employ your chiefest thoughts To courtship and such fair ostents of loveCraig1916: 44 As shall conveniently become you there:’ And even there, his eye being big with tears, Turning his face, he put his hand behind him, And with affection wondrous sensibleCraig1916: 48 He wrung Bassanio’s hand; and so they parted. I think he only loves the world for him.Edition: current; Page: I pray thee, let us go and find him out, And quicken his embraced heavinessCraig1916: 52 With some delight or other. Do we so. Enter Nerissa, with a Servitor. Quick, quick, I pray thee; draw the curtain straight: The Prince of Arragon hath ta’en his oath, And comes to his election presently. Flourish of Cornets. Enter the Prince of Arragon, Portia, and their Trains. Behold, there stands the caskets, noble prince:Craig1916: 4 If you choose that wherein I am contain’d, Straight shall our nuptial rites be solemniz’d; But if you fail, without more speech, my lord, You must be gone from hence immediately.Craig1916: 8 I am enjoin’d by oath to observe three things: First, never to unfold to any one Which casket ’twas I chose; next, if I fail Of the right casket, never in my lifeCraig1916: 12 To woo a maid in way of marriage; If I do fail in fortune of my choice, Immediately to leave you and be gone.Craig1916: 16 To these injunctions every one doth swear That comes to hazard for my worthless self. And so have I address’d me. Fortune now To my heart’s hope! Gold, silver, and base lead. Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath:Craig1916: 21 You shall look fairer, ere I give or hazard. What says the golden chest? ha! let me see: Who chooseth me shall gain what many men desire.Craig1916: 24 What many men desire! that ‘many’ may be meant By the fool multitude, that choose by show, Not learning more than the fond eye doth teach; Which pries not to the interior, but, like the martlet,Craig1916: 28 Builds in the weather on the outward wall, Even in the force and road of casualty. I will not choose what many men desire, Because I will not jump with common spiritsCraig1916: 32 And rank me with the barbarous multitude. Why, then to thee, thou silver treasure-house; Tell me once more what title thou dost bear: Who chooseth me shall get as much as he deserves.Craig1916: 36 And well said too; for who shall go about To cozen fortune and be honourable Without the stamp of merit? Let none presume To wear an undeserved dignity.Craig1916: 40 O! that estates, degrees, and offices Were not deriv’d corruptly, and that clear honour Were purchas’d by the merit of the wearer. How many then should cover that stand bare; How many be commanded that command;Craig1916: 45 How much low peasantry would then be glean’d From the true seed of honour; and how much honour Pick’d from the chaff and ruin of the timesCraig1916: 48 To be new varnish’d! Well, but to my choice: Who chooseth me shall get as much as he deserves. I will assume desert. Give me a key for this, And instantly unlock my fortunes here.Craig1916: 52 [He opens the silver casket. Too long a pause for that which you find there. What’s here? the portrait of a blinking idiot, Presenting me a schedule! I will read it. How much unlike art thou to Portia!Craig1916: 56 How much unlike my hopes and my deservings! Who chooseth me shall have as much as he deserves. Did I deserve no more than a fool’s head? Is that my prize? are my deserts no better?Craig1916: 60 To offend, and judge, are distinct offices, And of opposed natures. What is here? Thus hath the candle sing’d the moth. O, these deliberate fools! when they do choose, They have the wisdom by their wit to lose.Craig1916: 81 The ancient saying is no heresy:Edition: current; Page: ‘Hanging and wiving goes by destiny.’ Come, draw the curtain, Nerissa.Craig1916: 84 Enter a Servant. Where is my lady? Here; what would my lord? Madam, there is alighted at your gate A young Venetian, one that comes before To signify the approaching of his lord;Craig1916: 88 From whom he bringeth sensible regreets, To wit, — besides commends and courteous breath,— Gifts of rich value. Yet I have not seen So likely an embassador of love.Craig1916: 92 A day in April never came so sweet, To show how costly summer was at hand, As this fore-spurrer comes before his lord. No more, I pray thee: I am half afeard Thou wilt say anon he is some kin to thee,Craig1916: 97 Thou spend’st such high-day wit in praising him. Come, come, Nerissa; for I long to see Quick Cupid’s post that comes so mannerly.Craig1916: 100 Bassanio, lord Love, if thy will it be! Enter Salanio and Salarino. Now, what news on the Rialto? Why, yet it lives there unchecked that Antonio hath a ship of rich lading wracked on the narrow seas; the Goodwins, I think they call the place; a very dangerous flat, and fatal, where the carcasses of many a tall ship lie buried, as they say, if my gossip Report be an honest woman of her word.Craig1916: 8 I would she were as lying a gossip in that as ever knapped ginger, or made her neighbours believe she wept for the death of a third husband. But it is true,—without any slips of prolixity or crossing the plain highway of talk,—that the good Antonio, the honest Antonio,—O, that I had a title good enough to keep his name company!—Craig1916: 16 Come, the full stop. Ha! what sayst thou? Why, the end is, he hath lost a ship. I would it might prove the end of his losses.Craig1916: 21 Let me say ‘amen’ betimes, lest the devil cross my prayer, for here he comes in the likeness of a Jew.Craig1916: 24 How now, Shylock! what news among the merchants? You knew, none so well, none so well as you, of my daughter’s flight.Craig1916: 28 That’s certain: I, for my part, knew the tailor that made the wings she flew withal. And Shylock, for his own part, knew the bird was fledged; and then it is the complexion of them all to leave the dam.Craig1916: 33 She is damned for it. That’s certain, if the devil may be her judge.Craig1916: 36 My own flesh and blood to rebel! Out upon it, old carrion! rebels it at these years? I say my daughter is my flesh and blood.Craig1916: 41 There is more difference between thy flesh and hers than between jet and ivory; more between your bloods than there is between red wine and Rhenish. But tell us, do you hear whether Antonio have had any loss at sea or no?Craig1916: 47 There I have another bad match: a bankrupt, a prodigal, who dare scarce show his head on the Rialto; a beggar, that used to come so smug upon the mart; let him look to his bond: he was wont to call me usurer; let him look to his bond: he was wont to lend money for a Christian courtesy; let him look to his bond.Craig1916: 54 Why, I am sure, if he forfeit thou wilt not take his flesh: what’s that good for? To bait fish withal: if it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge. He hath disgraced me, and hindered me half a million, laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies; and what’s his reason? I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer, as a Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? if you tickle us, do we not laugh? if you poison us, do we not die? and if you wrong us, shall we not revenge? If we are like you in the rest, we will resemble you in that. If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge. The villany you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction.Craig1916: 78 Enter a Servant. Gentlemen, my master Antonio is at his house, and desires to speak with you both. We have been up and down to seek him. Here comes another of the tribe: a third cannot be matched, unless the devil himself turn Jew.Craig1916: 85 [Exeunt Salanio, Salarino and Servant. How now, Tubal! what news from Genoa? Hast thou found my daughter? I often came where I did hear of her, but cannot find her.Craig1916: 89 Why there, there, there! a diamond gone, cost me two thousand ducats in Frankfort! The curse never fell upon our nation till now; I never felt it till now: two thousand ducats in that; and other precious, precious jewels. I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear! would she were hearsed at my foot, and the ducats in her coffin! No news of them? Why, so: and I know not what’s spent in the search: Why thou—loss upon loss! the thief gone with so much, and so much to find the thief; and no satisfaction, no revenge: nor no ill luck stirring but what lights on my shoulders; no sighs but of my breathing; no tears but of my shedding.Craig1916: 104 Yes, other men have ill luck too. Antonio, as I heard in Genoa,— What, what, what? ill luck, ill luck? —hath an argosy cast away, coming from Tripolis.Craig1916: 109 I thank God! I thank God! Is it true? is it true? I spoke with some of the sailors that escaped the wrack.Craig1916: 113 I thank thee, good Tubal. Good news, good news! ha, ha! Where? in Genoa? Your daughter spent in Genoa, as I heard, one night, fourscore ducats.Craig1916: 117 Thou stick’st a dagger in me: I shall never see my gold again: fourscore ducats at a sitting! fourscore ducats!Craig1916: 120 There came divers of Antonio’s creditors in my company to Venice, that swear he cannot choose but break. I am very glad of it: I’ll plague him; I’ll torture him: I am glad of it.Craig1916: 125 One of them showed me a ring that he had of your daughter for a monkey. Out upon her! Thou torturest me, Tubal: it was my turquoise; I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor: I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys. But Antonio is certainly undone.Craig1916: 132 Nay, that’s true, that’s very true. Go, Tubal, fee me an officer; bespeak him a fortnight before. I will have the heart of him, if he forfeit; for, were he out of Venice, I can make what merchandise I will. Go, go, Tubal, and meet me at our synagogue; go, good Tubal; at our synagogue, Tubal. Enter Bassanio, Portia, Gratiano, Nerissa, and Attendants. I pray you, tarry: pause a day or two Before you hazard; for, in choosing wrong. I lose your company: therefore, forbear awhile. There’s something tells me, but it is not love, I would not lose you; and you know yourself,Craig1916: 5 Hate counsels not in such a quality. But lest you should not understand me well,— And yet a maiden hath no tongue but thought,— I would detain you here some month or twoCraig1916: 9 Before you venture for me. I could teach you How to choose right, but then I am forsworn; So will I never be: so may you miss me;Craig1916: 12 But if you do, you’ll make me wish a sin, That I had been forsworn. Beshrew your eyes, They have o’erlook’d me and divided me: One half of me is yours, the other half yours,Craig1916: 16 Mine own, I would say; but if mine, then yours, And so all yours. O! these naughty times Put bars between the owners and their rights; And so, though yours, not yours. Prove it so,Craig1916: 20 Let fortune go to hell for it, not I. I speak too long; but ’tis to peise the time, To eke it and to draw it out in length, To stay you from election. Let me choose;Craig1916: 24 For as I am, I live upon the rack. Upon the rack, Bassanio! then confess What treason there is mingled with your love. None but that ugly treason of mistrust, Which makes me fear th’ enjoying of my love: There may as well be amity and lifeCraig1916: 30 ’Tween snow and fire, as treason and my love. Ay, but I fear you speak upon the rack, Where men enforced do speak anything.Craig1916: 33 Promise me life, and I’ll confess the truth. Well then, confess, and live. ‘Confess’ and ‘love’ Had been the very sum of my confession:Craig1916: 36 O happy torment, when my torturer Doth teach me answers for deliverance! But let me to my fortune and the caskets. Away then! I am lock’d in one of them: If you do love me, you will find me out.Craig1916: 41 Nerissa and the rest, stand all aloof. Let music sound while he doth make his choice; Then, if he lose, he makes a swan-like end,Craig1916: 44Edition: current; Page: Fading in music: that the comparison May stand more proper, my eye shall be the stream And watery death-bed for him. He may win; And what is music then? then music isCraig1916: 48 Even as the flourish when true subjects bow To a new-crowned monarch: such it is As are those dulcet sounds in break of day That creep into the dreaming bridegroom’s ear, And summon him to marriage. Now he goes,Craig1916: 53 With no less presence, but with much more love, Than young Alcides, when he did redeem The virgin tribute paid by howling TroyCraig1916: 56 To the sea-monster: I stand for sacrifice; The rest aloof are the Dardanian wives, With bleared visages, come forth to view The issue of the exploit. Go, Hercules!Craig1916: 60 Live thou, I live: with much, much more dismay I view the fight than thou that mak’st the fray. [A Song, whilst Bassanio comments on the caskets to himself. Ding, dong, bell.Craig1916: 72 So may the outward shows be least themselves: The world is still deceiv’d with ornament. In law, what plea so tainted and corrupt But, being season’d with a gracious voice,Craig1916: 76 Obscures the show of evil? In religion, What damned error, but some sober brow Will bless it and approve it with a text, Hiding the grossness with fair ornament?Craig1916: 80 There is no vice so simple but assumes Some mark of virtue on his outward parts. How many cowards, whose hearts are all as false As stairs of sand, wear yet upon their chinsCraig1916: 84 The beards of Hercules and frowning Mars, Who, inward search’d, have livers white as milk; And these assume but valour’s excrement To render them redoubted! Look on beauty,Craig1916: 88 And you shall see ’tis purchas’d by the weight; Which therein works a miracle in nature, Making them lightest that wear most of it: So are those crisped snaky golden locksCraig1916: 92 Which make such wanton gambols with the wind, Upon supposed fairness, often known To be the dowry of a second head, The skull that bred them, in the sepulchre.Craig1916: 96 Thus ornament is but the guiled shore To a most dangerous sea; the beauteous scarf Veiling an Indian beauty; in a word, The seeming truth which cunning times put on To entrap the wisest. Therefore, thou gaudy gold, Hard food for Midas, I will none of thee; Nor none of thee, thou pale and common drudge ’Tween man and man: but thou, thou meagre lead,Craig1916: 104 Which rather threat’nest than dost promise aught, Thy plainness moves me more than eloquence, And here choose I: joy be the consequence! [Aside.] How all the other passions fleet to air,Craig1916: 108 As doubtful thoughts, and rash-embrac’d despair, And shuddering fear, and green-ey’d jealousy. O love! be moderate; allay thy ecstasy; In measure rain thy joy; scant this excess;Craig1916: 112 I feel too much thy blessing; make it less, For fear I surfeit! What find I here? [Opening the leaden casket. Fair Portia’s counterfeit! What demi-god Hath come so near creation? Move these eyes? Or whether, riding on the balls of mine,Craig1916: 117 Seem they in motion? Here are sever’d lips, Parted with sugar breath; so sweet a bar Should sunder such sweet friends. Here, in her hairsCraig1916: 120 The painter plays the spider, and hath woven A golden mesh to entrap the hearts of men Faster than gnats in cobwebs: but her eyes!— How could he see to do them? having made one, Methinks it should have power to steal both his And leave itself unfurnish’d: yet look, how far The substance of my praise doth wrong this shadow In underprizing it, so far this shadowCraig1916: 128 Doth limp behind the substance. Here’s the scroll, The continent and summary of my fortune. A gentle scroll. Fair lady, by your leave; I come by note, to give and to receive.Craig1916: 140 Like one of two contending in a prize, That thinks he hath done well in people’s eyes, Hearing applause and universal shout, Giddy in spirit, still gazing in a doubtCraig1916: 144 Whether those peals of praise be his or no; So, thrice-fair lady, stand I, even so, As doubtful whether what I see be true,Edition: current; Page: Until confirm’d, sign’d, ratified by you.Craig1916: 148 You see me, Lord Bassanio, where I stand, Such as I am: though for myself alone I would not be ambitious in my wish, To wish myself much better; yet, for youCraig1916: 152 I would be trebled twenty times myself; A thousand times more fair, ten thousand times That only to stand high in your account,Craig1916: 156 I might in virtues, beauties, livings, friends, Exceed account: but the full sum of me Is sum of nothing; which, to term in gross, Is an unlesson’d girl, unschool’d, unpractis’d; Happy in this, she is not yet so oldCraig1916: 161 But she may learn; happier than this, She is not bred so dull but she can learn; Happiest of all is that her gentle spiritCraig1916: 164 Commits itself to yours to be directed, As from her lord, her governor, her king. Myself and what is mine to you and yours Is now converted: but now I was the lordCraig1916: 168 Of this fair mansion, master of my servants, Queen o’er myself; and even now, but now, This house, these servants, and this same myself Are yours, my lord. I give them with this ring; Which when you part from, lose, or give away, Let it presage the ruin of your love, And be my vantage to exclaim on you. Madam, you have bereft me of all words, Only my blood speaks to you in my veins;Craig1916: 177 And there is such confusion in my powers, As, after some oration fairly spoke By a beloved prince, there doth appearCraig1916: 180 Among the buzzing pleased multitude; Where every something, being blent together, Turns to a wild of nothing, save of joy, Express’d and not express’d. But when this ring Parts from this finger, then parts life from hence:Craig1916: 185 O! then be bold to say Bassanio’s dead. My lord and lady, it is now our time, That have stood by and seen our wishes prosper, To cry, good joy. Good joy, my lord and lady! My Lord Bassanio and my gentle lady, I wish you all the joy that you can wish; For I am sure you can wish none from me:Craig1916: 192 And when your honours mean to solemnize The bargain of your faith, I do beseech you, Even at that time I may be married too. With all my heart, so thou canst get a wife.Craig1916: 196 I thank your lordship, you have got me one. My eyes, my lord, can look as swift as yours: You saw the mistress, I beheld the maid; You lov’d, I lov’d for intermission.Craig1916: 200 No more pertains to me, my lord, than you. Your fortune stood upon the caskets there, And so did mine too, as the matter falls; For wooing here until I sweat again,Craig1916: 204 And swearing till my very roof was dry With oaths of love, at last, if promise last, I got a promise of this fair one here To have her love, provided that your fortuneCraig1916: 208 Achiev’d her mistress. Is this true, Nerissa? Madam, it is, so you stand pleas’d withal. And do you, Gratiano, mean good faith? Yes, faith, my lord.Craig1916: 212 Our feast shall be much honour’d in your marriage. We’ll play with them the first boy for a thousand ducats. What! and stake down?Craig1916: 216 No; we shall ne’er win at that sport, and stake down. But who comes here? Lorenzo and his infidel? What! and my old Venetian friend, Salanio?Craig1916: 220 Enter Lorenzo, Jessica, and Salanio. Lorenzo, and Salanio, welcome hither, If that the youth of my new interest here Have power to bid you welcome. By your leave, I bid my very friends and countrymen,Craig1916: 224 Sweet Portia, welcome. So do I, my lord: They are entirely welcome. I thank your honour. For my part, my lord, My purpose was not to have seen you here;Craig1916: 228 But meeting with Salanio by the way, He did entreat me, past all saying nay, To come with him along. I did, my lord, And I have reason for it. Signior AntonioCraig1916: 232 Commends him to you. [Gives Bassanio a letter. Ere I ope his letter, I pray you, tell me how my good friend doth. Not sick, my lord, unless it be in mind; Nor well, unless in mind: his letter thereCraig1916: 236 Will show you his estate. Nerissa, cheer yon stranger; bid her welcome. Your hand, Salanio. What’s the news from Venice? How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio? I know he will be glad of our success;Craig1916: 241 We are the Jasons, we have won the fleece. I would you had won the fleece that he hath lost. There are some shrewd contents in yon same paper,Craig1916: 244 That steal the colour from Bassanio’s cheek: Some dear friend dead, else nothing in the world Could turn so much the constitutionEdition: current; Page: Of any constant man. What, worse and worse! With leave, Bassanio; I am half yourself,Craig1916: 249 And I must freely have the half of anything That this same paper brings you. O sweet Portia! Here are a few of the unpleasant’st wordsCraig1916: 252 That ever blotted paper. Gentle lady, When I did first impart my love to you, I freely told you all the wealth I had Ran in my veins, I was a gentleman:Craig1916: 256 And then I told you true; and yet, dear lady, Rating myself at nothing, you shall see How much I was a braggart. When I told you My state was nothing, I should then have told you That I was worse than nothing; for, indeed,Craig1916: 261 I have engag’d myself to a dear friend, Engag’d my friend to his mere enemy, To feed my means. Here is a letter, lady;Craig1916: 264 The paper as the body of my friend, And every word in it a gaping wound, Issuing life-blood. But is it true, Salanio? Hath all his ventures fail’d? What, not one hit? From Tripolis, from Mexico, and England,Craig1916: 269 From Lisbon, Barbary, and India? And not one vessel ’scape the dreadful touch Of merchant-marring rocks? Not one, my lord.Craig1916: 272 Besides, it should appear, that if he had The present money to discharge the Jew, He would not take it. Never did I know A creature, that did bear the shape of man,Craig1916: 276 So keen and greedy to confound a man. He plies the duke at morning and at night, And doth impeach the freedom of the state, If they deny him justice: twenty merchants,Craig1916: 280 The duke himself, and the magnificoes Of greatest port, have all persuaded with him; But none can drive him from the envious plea Of forfeiture, of justice, and his bond.Craig1916: 284 When I was with him, I have heard him swear To Tubal and to Chus, his countrymen, That he would rather have Antonio’s flesh Than twenty times the value of the sumCraig1916: 288 That he did owe him; and I know, my lord, If law, authority, and power deny not, It will go hard with poor Antonio. Is it your dear friend that is thus in trouble?Craig1916: 292 The dearest friend to me, the kindest man, The best-condition’d and unwearied spirit In doing courtesies, and one in whom The ancient Roman honour more appearsCraig1916: 296 Than any that draws breath in Italy. What sum owes he the Jew? For me, three thousand ducats. What, no more? Pay him six thousand, and deface the bond;Craig1916: 300 Double six thousand, and then treble that, Before a friend of this description Shall lose a hair thorough Bassanio’s fault. First go with me to church and call me wife,Craig1916: 304 And then away to Venice to your friend; For never shall you lie by Portia’s side With an unquiet soul. You shall have gold To pay the petty debt twenty times over:Craig1916: 308 When it is paid, bring your true friend along. My maid Nerissa and myself meantime, Will live as maids and widows. Come, away! For you shall hence upon your wedding-day.Craig1916: 312 Bid your friends welcome, show a merry cheer; Since you are dear bought, I will love you dear. But let me hear the letter of your friend.Craig1916: 315 Sweet Bassanio, my ships have all miscarried, my creditors grow cruel, my estate is very low, my bond to the Jew is forfeit; and since, in paying it, it is impossible I should live, all debts are cleared between you and I, if I might but see you at my death. Notwithstanding, use your pleasure: if your love do not persuade you to come, let not my letter. O love, dispatch all business, and be gone!Craig1916: 324 Since I have your good leave to go away, I will make haste; but, till I come again, No bed shall e’er be guilty of my stay, Nor rest be interposer ’twixt us twain. Enter Shylock, Salarino, Antonio, and Gaoler. Gaoler, look to him: tell not me of mercy; This is the fool that lent out money gratis: Gaoler, look to him. Hear me yet, good Shylock. I’ll have my bond; speak not against my bond:Craig1916: 4 I have sworn an oath that I will have my bond. Thou call’dst me dog before thou hadst a cause, But, since I am a dog, beware my fangs: The duke shall grant me justice. I do wonder, Thou naughty gaoler, that thou art so fondCraig1916: 9 To come abroad with him at his request. I pray thee, hear me speak. I’ll have my bond; I will not hear thee speak:Craig1916: 12 I’ll have my bond, and therefore speak no more. I’ll not be made a soft and dull-eyed fool, To shake the head, relent, and sigh, and yield To Christian intercessors. Follow not;Craig1916: 16Edition: current; Page: I’ll have no speaking; I will have my bond. It is the most impenetrable cur That ever kept with men. Let him alone: I’ll follow him no more with bootless prayers. He seeks my life; his reason well I know.Craig1916: 21 I oft deliver’d from his forfeitures Many that have at times made moan to me; Therefore he hates me. I am sure the dukeCraig1916: 24 Will never grant this forfeiture to hold. The duke cannot deny the course of law: For the commodity that strangers have With us in Venice, if it be denied,Craig1916: 28 ’Twill much impeach the justice of the state; Since that the trade and profit of the city Consisteth of all nations. Therefore, go: These griefs and losses have so bated me,Craig1916: 32 That I shall hardly spare a pound of flesh To-morrow to my bloody creditor. Well, gaoler, on. Pray God, Bassanio come To see me pay his debt, and then I care not!Craig1916: 36 Enter Portia, Nerissa, Lorenzo, Jessica, and Balthazar. Madam, although I speak it in your presence, You have a noble and a true conceit Of god-like amity; which appears most strongly In bearing thus the absence of your lord.Craig1916: 4 But if you knew to whom you show this honour, How true a gentleman you send relief, How dear a lover of my lord your husband, I know you would be prouder of the workCraig1916: 8 Than customary bounty can enforce you. I never did repent for doing good, Nor shall not now: for in companions That do converse and waste the time together, Whose souls do bear an equal yoke of love,Craig1916: 13 There must be needs a like proportion Of lineaments, of manners, and of spirit; Which makes me think that this Antonio,Craig1916: 16 Being the bosom lover of my lord, Must needs be like my lord. If it be so, How little is the cost I have bestow’d In purchasing the semblance of my soulCraig1916: 20 From out the state of hellish cruelty! This comes too near the praising of myself; Therefore, no more of it: hear other things. Lorenzo, I commit into your handsCraig1916: 24 The husbandry and manage of my house Until my lord’s return: for mine own part, I have toward heaven breath’d a secret vow To live in prayer and contemplation,Craig1916: 28 Only attended by Nerissa here, Until her husband and my lord’s return. There is a monastery two miles off, And there will we abide. I do desire youCraig1916: 32 Not to deny this imposition, The which my love and some necessity Now lays upon you. Madam, with all my heart: I shall obey you in all fair commands.Craig1916: 36 My people do already know my mind, And will acknowledge you and Jessica In place of Lord Bassanio and myself. So fare you well till we shall meet again.Craig1916: 40 Fair thoughts and happy hours attend on you! I wish your ladyship all heart’s content. I thank you for your wish, and am well pleas’d To wish it back on you: fare you well, Jessica. [Exeunt Jessica and Lorenzo. Now, Balthazar,Craig1916: 45 As I have ever found thee honest-true, So let me find thee still. Take this same letter, And use thou all the endeavour of a manCraig1916: 48 In speed to Padua: see thou render this Into my cousin’s hand, Doctor Bellario; And, look, what notes and garments he doth give thee, Bring them, I pray thee, with imagin’d speedCraig1916: 52 Unto the traject, to the common ferry Which trades to Venice. Waste no time in words, But get thee gone: I shall be there before thee. Madam, I go with all convenient speed. Come on, Nerissa: I have work in hand That you yet know not of: we’ll see our husbands Before they think of us. Shall they see us? They shall, Nerissa; but in such a habit That they shall think we are accomplishedCraig1916: 61 With that we lack. I’ll hold thee any wager, When we are both accoutred like young men, I’ll prove the prettier fellow of the two,Craig1916: 64 And wear my dagger with the braver grace, And speak between the change of man and boy With a reed voice, and turn two mincing steps Into a manly stride, and speak of fraysCraig1916: 68 Like a fine bragging youth, and tell quaint lies, How honourable ladies sought my love, Which I denying, they fell sick and died: I could not do withal; then I’ll repent,Craig1916: 72 And wish, for all that, that I had not kill’d them: And twenty of these puny lies I’ll tell, That men shall swear I have discontinu’d schoolEdition: current; Page: Above a twelvemonth. I have within my mind A thousand raw tricks of these bragging Jacks, Which I will practise. Why, shall we turn to men? Fie, what a question’s that, If thou wert near a lewd interpreter!Craig1916: 80 But come: I’ll tell thee all my whole device When I am in my coach, which stays for us At the park gate; and therefore haste away, For we must measure twenty miles to-day.Craig1916: 84 Enter Launcelot and Jessica. Yes, truly; for, look you, the sins of the father are to be laid upon the children; therefore, I promise you, I fear you. I was always plain with you, and so now I speak my agitation of the matter: therefore be of good cheer; for, truly, I think you are damned. There is but one hope in it that can do you any good, and that is but a kind of bastard hope neither.Craig1916: 8 And what hope is that, I pray thee? Marry, you may partly hope that your father got you not, that you are not the Jew’s daughter.Craig1916: 12 That were a kind of bastard hope, indeed: so the sins of my mother should be visited upon me. Truly then I fear you are damned both by father and mother: thus when I shun Scylla, your father, I fall into Charybdis, your mother: well, you are gone both ways. I shall be saved by my husband; he hath made me a Christian.Craig1916: 21 Truly the more to blame he: we were Christians enow before; e’en as many as could well live one by another. This making of Christians will raise the price of hogs: if we grow all to be pork-eaters, we shall not shortly have a rasher on the coals for money.Craig1916: 27 I’ll tell my husband, Launcelot, what you say: here he comes. I shall grow jealous of you shortly, Launcelot, if you thus get my wife into corners.Craig1916: 32 Nay, you need not fear us, Lorenzo: Launcelot and I are out. He tells me flatly, there is no mercy for me in heaven, because I am a Jew’s daughter: and he says you are no good member of the commonwealth, for, in converting Jews to Christians, you raise the price of pork.Craig1916: 39 I shall answer that better to the commonwealth than you can the getting up of the negro’s belly: the Moor is with child by you, Launcelot.Craig1916: 43 It is much that the Moor should be more than reason; but if she be less than an honest woman, she is indeed more than I took her for.Craig1916: 47 How every fool can play upon the word! I think the best grace of wit will shortly turn into silence, and discourse grow commendable in none only but parrots. Go in, sirrah: bid them prepare for dinner.Craig1916: 52 That is done, sir; they have all stomachs. Goodly Lord, what a wit-snapper are you! then bid them prepare dinner.Craig1916: 56 That is done too, sir; only, ‘cover’ is the word. Will you cover, then, sir?Craig1916: 59 Not so, sir, neither; I know my duty. Yet more quarrelling with occasion! Wilt thou show the whole wealth of thy wit in an instant? I pray thee, understand a plain man in his plain meaning: go to thy fellows; bid them cover the table, serve in the meat, and we will come in to dinner.Craig1916: 66 For the table, sir, it shall be served in; for the meat, sir, it shall be covered; for your coming in to dinner, sir, why, let it be as humours and conceits shall govern. O dear discretion, how his words are suited! The fool hath planted in his memoryCraig1916: 72 An army of good words: and I do know A many fools, that stand in better place, Garnish’d like him, that for a tricksy word Defy the matter. How cheer’st thou, Jessica? And now, good sweet, say thy opinion;Craig1916: 77 How dost thou like the Lord Bassanio’s wife? Past all expressing. It is very meet, The Lord Bassanio live an upright life,Craig1916: 80 For, having such a blessing in his lady, He finds the joys of heaven here on earth; And if on earth he do not mean it, then In reason he should never come to heaven.Craig1916: 84 Why, if two gods should play some heavenly match, And on the wager lay two earthly women, And Portia one, there must be something else Pawn’d with the other, for the poor rude world Hath not her fellow. Even such a husbandCraig1916: 89 Hast thou of me as she is for a wife. Nay, but ask my opinion too of that. I will anon; first, let us go to dinner.Craig1916: 92 Nay, let me praise you while I have a stomach. No, pray thee, let it serve for table-talk; Then howsoe’er thou speak’st, ’mong other things I shall digest it. Well, I’ll set you forth. Enter the Duke: the Magnificoes; Antonio, Bassanio, Gratiano, Salarino, Salanio, and Others. What, is Antonio here? Ready, so please your Grace. I am sorry for thee: thou art come to answer A stony adversary, an inhuman wretchCraig1916: 4 Uncapable of pity, void and empty From any dram of mercy. I have heard Your Grace hath ta’en great pains to qualify His rigorous course; but since he stands obdurate,Craig1916: 8 And that no lawful means can carry me Out of his envy’s reach, I do oppose My patience to his fury, and am arm’d To suffer with a quietness of spiritCraig1916: 12 The very tyranny and rage of his. Go one, and call the Jew into the court. He’s ready at the door: he comes, my lord. Make room, and let him stand before our face.Craig1916: 16 Shylock, the world thinks, and I think so too, That thou but lead’st this fashion of thy malice To the last hour of act; and then ’tis thought Thou’lt show thy mercy and remorse more strangeCraig1916: 20 Than is thy strange-apparent cruelty; And where thou now exact’st the penalty,— Which is a pound of this poor merchant’s flesh,— Thou wilt not only loose the forfeiture,Craig1916: 24 But, touch’d with human gentleness and love, Forgive a moiety of the principal; Glancing an eye of pity on his losses, That have of late so huddled on his back,Craig1916: 28 Enow to press a royal merchant down, And pluck commiseration of his state From brassy bosoms and rough hearts of flint, From stubborn Turks and Tartars, never train’d To offices of tender courtesy.Craig1916: 33 We all expect a gentle answer, Jew. I have possess’d your Grace of what I purpose; And by our holy Sabbath have I swornCraig1916: 36 To have the due and forfeit of my bond: If you deny it, let the danger light Upon your charter and your city’s freedom. You’ll ask me, why I rather choose to haveCraig1916: 40 A weight of carrion flesh than to receive Three thousand ducats: I’ll not answer that: But say it is my humour: is it answer’d? What if my house be troubled with a rat,Craig1916: 44 And I be pleas’d to give ten thousand ducats To have it ban’d? What, are you answer’d yet? Some men there are love not a gaping pig; Some, that are mad if they behold a cat;Craig1916: 48 And others, when the bagpipe sings i’ the nose, Cannot contain their urine: for affection, Mistress of passion, sways it to the mood Of what it likes, or loathes. Now, for your answer:Craig1916: 52 As there is no firm reason to be render’d, Why he cannot abide a gaping pig; Why he, a harmless necessary cat; Why he, a wauling bagpipe; but of forceCraig1916: 56 Must yield to such inevitable shame As to offend, himself being offended; So can I give no reason, nor I will not, More than a lodg’d hate and a certain loathing I bear Antonio, that I follow thusCraig1916: 61 A losing suit against him. Are you answer’d? This is no answer, thou unfeeling man, To excuse the current of thy cruelty.Craig1916: 64 I am not bound to please thee with my answer. Do all men kill the things they do not love? Hates any man the thing he would not kill? Every offence is not a hate at first.Craig1916: 68 What! wouldst thou have a serpent sting thee twice? I pray you, think you question with the Jew: You may as well go stand upon the beach, And bid the main flood bate his usual height;Craig1916: 72 You may as well use question with the wolf, Why he hath made the ewe bleat for the lamb; You may as well forbid the mountain pines To wag their high tops, and to make no noiseCraig1916: 76 When they are fretted with the gusts of heaven; You may as well do anything most hard, As seek to soften that—than which what’s harder?— His Jewish heart: therefore, I do beseech you, Make no more offers, use no further means;Craig1916: 81 But with all brief and plain conveniency, Let me have judgment, and the Jew his will. For thy three thousand ducats here is six.Craig1916: 84 If every ducat in six thousand ducats Were in six parts and every part a ducat, I would not draw them; I would have my bond. How shalt thou hope for mercy, rendering none?Craig1916: 88 What judgment shall I dread, doing no wrong? You have among you many a purchas’d slave, Which, like your asses and your dogs and mules, You use in abject and in slavish parts,Craig1916: 92 Because you bought them: shall I say to you, Let them be free, marry them to your heirs? Why sweat they under burdens? let their beds Be made as soft as yours, and let their palates Be season’d with such viands? You will answer:Craig1916: 97 ‘The slaves are ours:’ so do I answer you: The pound of flesh which I demand of him, Is dearly bought; ’tis mine and I will have it. If you deny me, fie upon your law!Craig1916: 101 There is no force in the decrees of Venice. I stand for judgment: answer; shall I have it? Upon my power I may dismiss this court,Craig1916: 104 Unless Bellario, a learned doctor, Whom I have sent for to determine this, Come here to-day. My lord, here stays without A messenger with letters from the doctor,Craig1916: 108 New come from Padua. Bring us the letters: call the messenger. Good cheer, Antonio! What, man, courage yet! The Jew shall have my flesh, blood, bones, and all,Craig1916: 112 Ere thou shalt lose for me one drop of blood. I am a tainted wether of the flock, Meetest for death: the weakest kind of fruit Drops earliest to the ground; and so let me:Craig1916: 116 You cannot better be employ’d, Bassanio, Than to live still, and write mine epitaph. Enter Nerissa, dressed like a lawyer’s clerk. Came you from Padua, from Bellario? From both, my lord. Bellario greets your Grace. [Presents a letter. Why dost thou whet thy knife so earnestly?Craig1916: 121 To cut the forfeiture from that bankrupt there. Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew, Thou mak’st thy knife keen; but no metal can, No, not the hangman’s axe, bear half the keennessCraig1916: 125 Of thy sharp envy. Can no prayers pierce thee? No, none that thou hast wit enough to make. O, be thou damn’d, inexecrable dog!Craig1916: 128 And for thy life let justice be accus’d. Thou almost mak’st me waver in my faith To hold opinion with Pythagoras, That souls of animals infuse themselvesCraig1916: 132 Into the trunks of men: thy currish spirit Govern’d a wolf, who, hang’d for human slaughter, Even from the gallows did his fell soul fleet, And whilst thou lay’st in thy unhallow’d dam, Infus’d itself in thee; for thy desiresCraig1916: 137 Are wolfish, bloody, starv’d, and ravenous. Till thou canst rail the seal from off my bond, Thou but offend’st thy lungs to speak so loud: Repair thy wit, good youth, or it will fallCraig1916: 141 To cureless ruin. I stand here for law. This letter from Bellario doth commend A young and learned doctor to our court.Craig1916: 144 Where is he? He attendeth here hard by, To know your answer, whether you’ll admit him. With all my heart: some three or four of you Go give him courteous conduct to this place.Craig1916: 148 Meantime, the court shall hear Bellario’s letter. Your Grace shall understand that at the receipt of your letter I am very sick; but in the instant that your messenger came, in loving visitation was with me a young doctor of Rome; his name is Balthazar. I acquainted him with the cause in controversy between the Jew and Antonio the merchant: we turned o’er many books together: he is furnished with my opinion; which, bettered with his own learning,—the greatness whereof I cannot enough commend,—comes with him, at my importunity, to fill up your Grace’s request in my stead I beseech you, let his lack of years be no impediment to let him lack a reverend estimation, for I never knew so young a body with so old a head. I leave him to your gracious acceptance, whose trial shall better publish his commendation.Craig1916: 166 You hear the learn’d Bellario, what he writes: And here, I take it, is the doctor come. Enter Portia, dressed like a doctor of laws. Give me your hand. Came you from old Bellario? I did, my lord. You are welcome: take your place. Are you acquainted with the differenceCraig1916: 171 That holds this present question in the court? I am informed throughly of the cause.Edition: current; Page: Which is the merchant here, and which the Jew? Antonio and old Shylock, both stand forth. Is your name Shylock? Shylock is my name.Craig1916: 176 Of a strange nature is the suit you follow; Yet in such rule that the Venetian law Cannot impugn you as you do proceed. [To Antonio.] You stand within his danger, do you not?Craig1916: 180 Ay, so he says. Do you confess the bond? Then must the Jew be merciful. On what compulsion must I? tell me that. The quality of mercy is not strain’d,Craig1916: 184 It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath: it is twice bless’d; It blesseth him that gives and him that takes: ’Tis mightiest in the mightiest; it becomesCraig1916: 188 The throned monarch better than his crown; His sceptre shows the force of temporal power, The attribute to awe and majesty, Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings; But mercy is above this sceptred sway,Craig1916: 193 It is enthroned in the hearts of kings, It is an attribute to God himself, And earthly power doth then show likest God’s When mercy seasons justice. Therefore, Jew, Though justice be thy plea, consider this,Craig1916: 198 That in the course of justice none of us Should see salvation: we do pray for mercy,Craig1916: 200 And that same prayer doth teach us all to render The deeds of mercy. I have spoke thus much To mitigate the justice of thy plea, Which if thou follow, this strict court of Venice Must needs give sentence ’gainst the merchant there.Craig1916: 205 My deeds upon my head! I crave the law, The penalty and forfeit of my bond. Is he not able to discharge the money? Yes, here I tender it for him in the court;Craig1916: 209 Yea, twice the sum: if that will not suffice, I will be bound to pay it ten times o’er, On forfeit of my hands, my head, my heart.Craig1916: 212 If this will not suffice, it must appear That malice bears down truth. And, I beseech you, Wrest once the law to your authority: To do a great right, do a little wrong,Craig1916: 216 And curb this cruel devil of his will. It must not be. There is no power in Venice Can alter a decree established: ’Twill be recorded for a precedent,Craig1916: 220 And many an error by the same example Will rush into the state. It cannot be. A Daniel come to judgment! yea, a Daniel! O wise young judge, how I do honour thee!Craig1916: 224 I pray you, let me look upon the bond. Here ’tis, most reverend doctor; here it is. Shylock, there’s thrice thy money offer’d thee. An oath, an oath, I have an oath in heaven:Craig1916: 228 Shall I lay perjury upon my soul? No, not for Venice. Why, this bond is forfeit; And lawfully by this the Jew may claim A pound of flesh, to be by him cut offCraig1916: 232 Nearest the merchant’s heart. Be merciful: Take thrice thy money; bid me tear the bond. When it is paid according to the tenour. It doth appear you are a worthy judge;Craig1916: 236 You know the law, your exposition Hath been most sound: I charge you by the law, Whereof you are a well-deserving pillar, Proceed to judgment: by my soul I swearCraig1916: 240 There is no power in the tongue of man To alter me. I stay here on my bond. Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the judgment. Why then, thus it is:Craig1916: 244 You must prepare your bosom for his knife. O noble judge! O excellent young man! For, the intent and purpose of the law Hath full relation to the penalty,Craig1916: 248 Which here appeareth due upon the bond. ’Tis very true! O wise and upright judge! How much more elder art thou than thy looks! Therefore lay bare your bosom. Ay, ‘his breast:’ So says the bond:—doth it not, noble judge?— ‘Nearest his heart:’ those are the very words. It is so. Are there balance here to weigh The flesh?Craig1916: 256 I have them ready. Have by some surgeon, Shylock, on your charge, To stop his wounds, lest he do bleed to death. Is it so nominated in the bond?Craig1916: 260 It is not so express’d; but what of that? ’Twere good you do so much for charity. I cannot find it: ’tis not in the bond. You, merchant, have you anything to say?Craig1916: 264 But little: I am arm’d and well prepar’d. Give me your hand, Bassanio: fare you well! Grieve not that I am fallen to this for you; For herein Fortune shows herself more kindCraig1916: 268 Than is her custom: it is still her use To let the wretched man outlive his wealth, To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow An age of poverty; from which lingering penanceCraig1916: 272 Of such a misery doth she cut me off. Commend me to your honourable wife: Tell her the process of Antonio’s end; Say how I lov’d you, speak me fair in death;Craig1916: 276 And, when the tale is told, bid her be judge Whether Bassanio had not once a love. Repent not you that you shall lose your friend, And he repents not that he pays your debt;Craig1916: 280 For if the Jew do cut but deep enough, I’ll pay it instantly with all my heart. Antonio, I am married to a wife Which is as dear to me as life itself;Craig1916: 284 But life itself, my wife, and all the world, Are not with me esteem’d above thy life: I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all, Here to this devil, to deliver you.Craig1916: 288 Your wife would give you little thanks for that, If she were by to hear you make the offer. I have a wife, whom, I protest, I love: I would she were in heaven, so she couldCraig1916: 292 Entreat some power to change this currish Jew. ’Tis well you offer it behind her back; The wish would make else an unquiet house. These be the Christian husbands! I have a daughter;Craig1916: 296 Would any of the stock of Barabbas Had been her husband rather than a Christian! We trifle time; I pray thee, pursue sentence. A pound of that same merchant’s flesh is thine:Craig1916: 300 The court awards it, and the law doth give it. Most rightful judge! And you must cut this flesh from off his breast: The law allows it, and the court awards it.Craig1916: 304 Most learned judge! A sentence! come, prepare! Tarry a little: there is something else. This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood; The words expressly are ‘a pound of flesh:’Craig1916: 308 Then take thy bond, take thou thy pound of flesh; But, in the cutting it, if thou dost shed One drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscateCraig1916: 312 Unto the state of Venice. O upright judge! Mark, Jew: O learned judge! Is that the law? Thyself shalt see the act; For, as thou urgest justice, be assur’dCraig1916: 316 Thou shalt have justice, more than thou desir’st. O learned judge! Mark, Jew: a learned judge! I take this offer then: pay the bond thrice, And let the Christian go. Here is the money.Craig1916: 320 The Jew shall have all justice; soft! no haste:— He shall have nothing but the penalty. O Jew! an upright judge, a learned judge!Craig1916: 324 Therefore prepare thee to cut off the flesh. Shed thou no blood; nor cut thou less, nor more, But just a pound of flesh: if thou tak’st more, Or less, than a just pound, be it but so muchCraig1916: 328 As makes it light or heavy in the substance, Or the division of the twentieth part Of one poor scruple, nay, if the scale do turn But in the estimation of a hair,Craig1916: 332 Thou diest and all thy goods are confiscate. A second Daniel, a Daniel, Jew! Now, infidel, I have thee on the hip. Why doth the Jew pause? take thy forfeiture.Craig1916: 336 Give me my principal, and let me go. I have it ready for thee; here it is. He hath refus’d it in the open court: He shall have merely justice, and his bond.Craig1916: 340 A Daniel, still say I; a second Daniel! I thank thee, Jew, for teaching me that word. Shall I not have barely my principal? Thou shalt have nothing but the forfeiture,Craig1916: 344 To be so taken at thy peril, Jew. Why, then the devil give him good of it! I’ll stay no longer question. The law hath yet another hold on you.Craig1916: 348 It is enacted in the laws of Venice, If it be prov’d against an alien That by direct or indirect attempts He seek the life of any citizen,Craig1916: 352 The party ’gainst the which he doth contrive Shall seize one half his goods; the other half Comes to the privy coffer of the state; And the offender’s life lies in the mercyCraig1916: 356 Of the duke only, ’gainst all other voice. In which predicament, I say, thou stand’st; For it appears by manifest proceeding, That indirectly and directly tooCraig1916: 360 Thou hast contriv’d against the very lifeEdition: current; Page: Of the defendant; and thou hast incurr’d The danger formerly by me rehears’d. Down therefore and beg mercy of the duke.Craig1916: 364 Beg that thou mayst have leave to hang thyself: And yet, thy wealth being forfeit to the state, Thou hast not left the value of a cord; Therefore thou must be hang’d at the state’s charge.Craig1916: 368 That thou shalt see the difference of our spirits, I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it. For half thy wealth, it is Antonio’s; The other half comes to the general state,Craig1916: 372 Which humbleness may drive into a fine. Ay, for the state; not for Antonio. Nay, take my life and all; pardon not that: You take my house when you do take the prop That doth sustain my house; you take my life When you do take the means whereby I live. What mercy can you render him, Antonio? A halter gratis; nothing else, for God’s sake!Craig1916: 380 So please my lord the duke, and all the court, To quit the fine for one half of his goods, I am content; so he will let me have The other half in use, to render it,Craig1916: 384 Upon his death, unto the gentleman That lately stole his daughter: Two things provided more, that, for this favour, He presently become a Christian;Craig1916: 388 The other, that he do record a gift, Here in the court, of all he dies possess’d, Unto his son Lorenzo, and his daughter. He shall do this, or else I do recant The pardon that I late pronounced here.Craig1916: 393 Art thou contented, Jew? what dost thou say? I am content. Clerk, draw a deed of gift. I pray you give me leave to go from hence: I am not well. Send the deed after me,Craig1916: 397 And I will sign it. Get thee gone, but do it. In christening thou shalt have two godfathers; Had I been judge, thou shouldst have had ten more,Craig1916: 400 To bring thee to the gallows, not the font. Sir, I entreat you home with me to dinner. I humbly do desire your Grace of pardon: I must away this night toward Padua,Craig1916: 404 And it is meet I presently set forth. I am sorry that your leisure serves you not. Antonio, gratify this gentleman, For, in my mind, you are much bound to him. [Exeunt Duke, Magnificoes, and Train. Most worthy gentleman, I and my friend Have by your wisdom been this day acquitted Of grievous penalties; in lieu whereof, Three thousand ducats, due unto the Jew,Craig1916: 412 We freely cope your courteous pains withal. And stand indebted, over and above, In love and service to you evermore. He is well paid that is well satisfied;Craig1916: 416 And I, delivering you, am satisfied, And therein do account myself well paid: My mind was never yet more mercenary. I pray you, know me when we meet again:Craig1916: 420 I wish you well, and so I take my leave. Dear sir, of force I must attempt you further: Take some remembrance of us, as a tribute, Not as a fee. Grant me two things, I pray you, Not to deny me, and to pardon me.Craig1916: 425 You press me far, and therefore I will yield. [To Ant.] Give me your gloves, I’ll wear them for your sake; [To Bass.] And, for your love, I’ll take this ring from you.Craig1916: 428 Do not draw back your hand; I’ll take no more; And you in love shall not deny me this. This ring, good sir? alas! it is a trifle; I will not shame myself to give you this.Craig1916: 432 I will have nothing else but only this; And now methinks I have a mind to it. There’s more depends on this than on the value. The dearest ring in Venice will I give you,Craig1916: 436 And find it out by proclamation: Only for this, I pray you, pardon me. I see, sir, you are liberal in offers: You taught me first to beg, and now methinks You teach me how a beggar should be answer’d. Good sir, this ring was given me by my wife; And, when she put it on, she made me vow That I should never sell nor give nor lose it.Craig1916: 444 That ’scuse serves many men to save their gifts. An if your wife be not a mad-woman, And know how well I have deserv’d the ring, She would not hold out enemy for ever,Craig1916: 448 For giving it to me. Well, peace be with you. [Exeunt Portia and Nerissa. My Lord Bassanio, let him have the ring: Let his deservings and my love withal Be valu’d ’gainst your wife’s commandment.Craig1916: 452 Go, Gratiano; run and overtake him; Give him the ring, and bring him, if thou canst, Unto Antonio’s house. Away! make haste. Come, you and I will thither presently,Craig1916: 456 And in the morning early will we both Fly toward Belmont. Come, Antonio. Enter Portia and Nerissa. Inquire the Jew’s house out, give him this deed, And let him sign it. We’ll away to-night, And be a day before our husbands home: This deed will be well welcome to Lorenzo.Craig1916: 4 Fair sir, you are well o’erta’en. My Lord Bassanio upon more advice Hath sent you here this ring, and doth entreat Your company at dinner. That cannot be:Craig1916: 8 His ring I do accept most thankfully; And so, I pray you, tell him: furthermore, I pray you, show my youth old Shylock’s house. That will I do. Sir, I would speak with you.Craig1916: 12 [Aside to Portia.] I’ll see if I can get my husband’s ring, Which I did make him swear to keep for ever. Thou mayst, I warrant. We shall have old swearing That they did give the rings away to men;Craig1916: 16 But we’ll outface them, and outswear them too. Away! make haste: thou know’st where I will tarry. Come, good sir, will you show me to this house? Enter Lorenzo and Jessica. The moon shines bright: in such a night as this, When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees And they did make no noise, in such a night Troilus methinks mounted the Troyan walls,Craig1916: 4 And sigh’d his soul toward the Grecian tents, Where Cressid lay that night. In such a night Did Thisbe fearfully o’ertrip the dew, And saw the lion’s shadow ere himself,Craig1916: 8 And ran dismay’d away. In such a night Stood Dido with a willow in her hand Upon the wild sea-banks, and waft her love To come again to Carthage. In such a nightCraig1916: 12 Medea gather’d the enchanted herbs That did renew old Æson. In such a night Did Jessica steal from the wealthy Jew, And with an unthrift love did run from Venice, As far as Belmont. In such a nightCraig1916: 17 Did young Lorenzo swear he lov’d her well, Stealing her soul with many vows of faith, And ne’er a true one. In such a nightCraig1916: 20 Did pretty Jessica, like a little shrew, Slander her love, and he forgave it her. I would out-night you, did no body come; But, hark! I hear the footing of a man.Craig1916: 24 Who comes so fast in silence of the night? A friend! what friend? your name, I pray you, friend. Stephano is my name; and I bring word My mistress will before the break of dayCraig1916: 29 Be here at Belmont: she doth stray about By holy crosses, where she kneels and prays For happy wedlock hours. Who comes with her?Craig1916: 32 None, but a holy hermit and her maid. I pray you, is my master yet return’d? He is not, nor we have not heard from him. But go we in, I pray thee, Jessica,Craig1916: 36 And ceremoniously let us prepare Some welcome for the mistress of the house. Sola, sola! wo ha, ho! sola, sola! Who calls?Craig1916: 40 Sola! did you see Master Lorenzo? Master Lorenzo! sola, sola! Leave hollaing, man; here. Sola! where? where?Craig1916: 44 Tell him there’s a post come from my master, with his horn full of good news: my master will be here ere morning. Sweet soul, let’s in, and there expect their coming.Craig1916: 49 And yet no matter; why should we go in? My friend Stephano, signify, I pray you, Within the house, your mistress is at hand;Craig1916: 52 And bring your music forth into the air. How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank!Edition: current; Page: Here will we sit, and let the sounds of music Creep in our ears: soft stillness and the nightCraig1916: 56 Become the touches of sweet harmony. Sit, Jessica: look, how the floor of heaven Is thick inlaid with patines of bright gold: There’s not the smallest orb which thou behold’st But in his motion like an angel sings,Craig1916: 61 Still quiring to the young-eyed cherubins; Such harmony is in immortal souls; But, whilst this muddy vesture of decayCraig1916: 64 Doth grossly close it in, we cannot hear it. Come, ho! and wake Diana with a hymn: With sweetest touches pierce your mistress’ ear, And draw her home with music. I am never merry when I hear sweet music.Craig1916: 69 The reason is, your spirits are attentive: For do but note a wild and wanton herd, Or race of youthful and unhandled colts,Craig1916: 72 Fetching mad bounds, bellowing and neighing loud, Which is the hot condition of their blood; If they but hear perchance a trumpet sound, Or any air of music touch their ears,Craig1916: 76 You shall perceive them make a mutual stand, Their savage eyes turn’d to a modest gaze By the sweet power of music: therefore the poet Did feign that Orpheus drew trees, stones, and floods;Craig1916: 80 Since nought so stockish, hard, and full of rage, But music for the time doth change his nature. The man that hath no music in himself, Nor is not mov’d with concord of sweet sounds, Is fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils;Craig1916: 85 The motions of his spirit are dull as night, And his affections dark as Erebus: Let no such man be trusted. Mark the music. Enter Portia and Nerissa, at a distance. That light we see is burning in my hall. How far that little candle throws his beams! So shines a good deed in a naughty world. When the moon shone, we did not see the candle.Craig1916: 92 So doth the greater glory dim the less: A substitute shines brightly as a king Until a king be by, and then his state Empties itself, as doth an inland brookCraig1916: 96 Into the main of waters. Music! hark! It is your music, madam, of the house. Nothing is good, I see, without respect: Methinks it sounds much sweeter than by day. Silence bestows that virtue on it, madam. The crow doth sing as sweetly as the lark When neither is attended, and I think The nightingale, if she should sing by day,Craig1916: 104 When every goose is cackling, would be thought No better a musician than the wren. How many things by season season’d are To their right praise and true perfection!Craig1916: 108 Peace, ho! the moon sleeps with Endymion, And would not be awak’d! That is the voice, Or I am much deceiv’d, of Portia. He knows me, as the blind man knows the cuckoo,Craig1916: 112 By the bad voice. Dear lady, welcome home. We have been praying for our husbands’ welfare, Which speed, we hope, the better for our words. Are they return’d? Madam, they are not yet;Craig1916: 116 But there is come a messenger before, To signify their coming. Go in, Nerissa: Give order to my servants that they take No note at all of our being absent hence;Craig1916: 120 Nor you, Lorenzo; Jessica, nor you. [A tucket sounds. Your husband is at hand; I hear his trumpet: We are no tell-tales, madam; fear you not. This night methinks is but the daylight sick;Craig1916: 124 It looks a little paler: ’tis a day, Such as the day is when the sun is hid. Enter Bassanio, Antonio, Gratiano, and their Followers. We should hold day with the Antipodes, If you would walk in absence of the sun.Craig1916: 128 Let me give light, but let me not be light; For a light wife doth make a heavy husband, And never be Bassanio so for me: But God sort all! You are welcome home, my lord. I thank you, madam. Give welcome to my friend:Craig1916: 133 This is the man, this is Antonio, To whom I am so infinitely bound. You should in all sense be much bound to him,Craig1916: 136 For, as I hear, he was much bound for you. No more than I am well acquitted of. Sir, you are very welcome to our house: It must appear in other ways than words,Craig1916: 140 Therefore I scant this breathing courtesy. [To Nerissa.] By yonder moon I swear you do me wrong; In faith, I gave it to the judge’s clerk: Would he were gelt that had it, for my part,Craig1916: 144 Since you do take it, love, so much at heart. A quarrel, ho, already! what’s the matter? About a hoop of gold, a paltry ring That she did give me, whose poesy wasCraig1916: 148 For all the world like cutlers’ poetry Upon a knife, ‘Love me, and leave me not.’ What talk you of the posy, or the value? You swore to me, when I did give it you,Craig1916: 152 That you would wear it till your hour of death, And that it should lie with you in your grave: Though not for me, yet for your vehement oaths, You should have been respective and have kept it. Gave it a judge’s clerk! no, God’s my judge, The clerk will ne’er wear hair on’s face that had it. He will, an if he live to be a man. Ay, if a woman live to be a man.Craig1916: 160 Now, by this hand, I gave it to a youth, A kind of boy, a little scrubbed boy, No higher than thyself, the judge’s clerk. A prating boy, that begg’d it as a fee:Craig1916: 164 I could not for my heart deny it him. You were to blame,—I must be plain with you,— To part so slightly with your wife’s first gift; A thing stuck on with oaths upon your finger, And riveted so with faith unto your flesh.Craig1916: 169 I gave my love a ring and made him swear Never to part with it; and here he stands, I dare be sworn for him he would not leave it Nor pluck it from his finger for the wealthCraig1916: 173 That the world masters. Now, in faith, Gratiano, You give your wife too unkind a cause of grief: An ’twere to me, I should be mad at it.Craig1916: 176 [Aside.] Why, I were best to cut my left hand off, And swear I lost the ring defending it. My Lord Bassanio gave his ring away Unto the judge that begg’d it, and indeedCraig1916: 180 Deserv’d it too; and then the boy, his clerk, That took some pains in writing, he begg’d mine; And neither man nor master would take aught But the two rings. What ring gave you, my lord?Craig1916: 184 Not that, I hope, that you receiv’d of me. If I could add a lie unto a fault, I would deny it; but you see my finger Hath not the ring upon it; it is gone.Craig1916: 188 Even so void is your false heart of truth. By heaven, I will ne’er come in your bed Until I see the ring. Nor I in yours, Till I again see mine. Sweet Portia,Craig1916: 192 If you did know to whom I gave the ring, If you did know for whom I gave the ring, And would conceive for what I gave the ring, And how unwillingly I left the ring,Craig1916: 196 When naught would be accepted but the ring, You would abate the strength of your displeasure. If you had known the virtue of the ring, Or half her worthiness that gave the ring,Craig1916: 200 Or your own honour to contain the ring, You would not then have parted with the ring. What man is there so much unreasonable, If you had pleas’d to have defended itCraig1916: 204 With any terms of zeal, wanted the modesty To urge the thing held as a ceremony? Nerissa teaches me what to believe: I’ll die for’t but some woman had the ring.Craig1916: 208 No, by my honour, madam, by my soul, No woman had it; but a civil doctor, Which did refuse three thousand ducats of me, And begg’d the ring, the which I did deny him, And suffer’d him to go displeas’d away;Craig1916: 213 Even he that did uphold the very life Of my dear friend. What should I say, sweet lady? I was enforc’d to send it after him;Craig1916: 216 I was beset with shame and courtesy; My honour would not let ingratitude So much besmear it. Pardon me, good lady, For, by these blessed candles of the night,Craig1916: 220 Had you been there, I think you would have begg’d The ring of me to give the worthy doctor. Let not that doctor e’er come near my house. Since he hath got the jewel that I lov’d,Craig1916: 224 And that which you did swear to keep for me, I will become as liberal as you; I’ll not deny him anything I have; No, not my body, nor my husband’s bed.Craig1916: 228 Know him I shall, I am well sure of it: Lie not a night from home; watch me like Argus: If you do not, if I be left alone, Now by mine honour, which is yet mine own,Craig1916: 232 I’ll have that doctor for my bedfellow. And I his clerk; therefore be well advis’d How you do leave me to mine own protection. Well, do you so: let me not take him, then; For if I do, I’ll mar the young clerk’s pen.Craig1916: 237 I am the unhappy subject of these quarrels. Sir, grieve not you; you are welcome notwithstanding. Portia, forgive me this enforced wrong; And in the hearing of these many friends,Craig1916: 241 I swear to thee, even by thine own fair eyes, Wherein I see myself,— Mark you but that! In both my eyes he doubly sees himself;Craig1916: 244 In each eye, one: swear by your double self, And there’s an oath of credit. Nay, but hear me: Pardon this fault, and by my soul I swearEdition: current; Page: I never more will break an oath with thee.Craig1916: 248 I once did lend my body for his wealth, Which, but for him that had your husband’s ring, Had quite miscarried: I dare be bound again, My soul upon the forfeit, that your lordCraig1916: 252 Will never more break faith advisedly. Then you shall be his surety. Give him this, And bid him keep it better than the other. Here, Lord Bassanio; swear to keep this ring.Craig1916: 256 By heaven! it is the same I gave the doctor! I had it of him: pardon me, Bassanio, For, by this ring, the doctor lay with me.Craig1916: 259 And pardon me, my gentle Gratiano; For that same scrubbed boy, the doctor’s clerk, In lieu of this last night did lie with me. Why, this is like the mending of highways In summer, where the ways are fair enough.Craig1916: 264 What! are we cuckolds ere we have deserv’d it? Speak not so grossly. You are all amaz’d: Here is a letter; read it at your leisure; It comes from Padus, from Bellario:Craig1916: 268 There you shall find that Portia was the doctor, Nerissa, there, her clerk: Lorenzo here Shall witness I set forth as soon as you And even but now return’d; I have not yetCraig1916: 272 Enter’d my house. Antonio, you are welcome; And I have better news in store for you Than you expect: unseal this letter soon; There you shall find three of your argosiesCraig1916: 276 Are richly come to harbour suddenly. You shall not know by what strange accident I chanced on this letter. I am dumb. Were you the doctor and I knew you not?Craig1916: 280 Were you the clerk that is to make me cuckold? Ay; but the clerk that never means to do it, Unless he live until he be a man. Sweet doctor, you shall be my bedfellow: When I am absent, then, lie with my wife.Craig1916: 285 Sweet lady, you have given me life and living; For here I read for certain that my ships Are safely come to road. How now, Lorenzo!Craig1916: 288 My clerk hath some good comforts too for you. Ay, and I’ll give them him without a fee. There do I give to you and Jessica, From the rich Jew, a special deed of gift,Craig1916: 292 After his death, of all he dies possess’d of. Fair ladies, you drop manna in the way Of starved people. It is almost morning, And yet I am sure you are not satisfiedCraig1916: 296 Of these events at full. Let us go in; And charge us there upon inter’gatories, And we will answer all things faithfully. Let it be so: the first inter’gatoryCraig1916: 300 That my Nerissa shall be sworn on is, Whe’r till the next night she had rather stay, Or go to bed now, being two hours to day: But were the day come, I should wish it dark, That I were couching with the doctor’s clerk. Well, while I live I’ll fear no other thingCraig1916: 306 So sore as keeping safe Nerissa’s ring.

UPDATE 8/6/2014 11:10 AM It is now official. Shawn Graham is the Chief of Police of Williamstown. With his family by his side, Shawn Graham was sworn in by Williamstown Mayor Jean Ford at Tuesday night's city council meeting. Last month Graham accepted the position of Williamstown Police Chief and stepped down from his position with the Wood County Sheriff's Department. Mayor Ford says it was an honor to swear Graham in and Graham says he's ready to get to work. "It's an honor to be considered for it and I'm looking forward to the challenges that lie ahead. Thank you for your confidence in me. And I'm really looking forward to working with you all on making Williamstown a safer community with an effective police department behind you," says Graham. Also discussed at the meeting were plans to raise pay for some city workers and purchasing new police cruisers. They'll be discussed in great detail during the next meeting. UPDATE 7/30/2014 4:50 PM Thursday, after 10 years in Williamstown and 26 years with the state police, Chief Bill Adkins is retiring. Chief Adkins says it's just his time to leave. He says his ten years in Williamstown have been great, between his officers and the community as a whole. He has seen an increase in drugs, while burglaries, breaking and enterings and crime overall has been relativity low. "I told the mayor, if you drive a truck a 100,000 miles a year eventually you are going to have a wreck. And I've got about 36 years of police work, and the odds are not good after a while. I haven't been shot or hit by a car, so it may be time to leave," says Adkins. Adkins says he would like to see the department grow in the future and he's sure the new chief, Shawn Graham will do a great job with that. He says will retire in Mineral Wells where he lives now, but of course he will come back to visit. UPDATE 7/21/2014 5:25 PM Soon to be a new chief deputy for the Wood County Sheriff's Office. Sheriff Ken Merritt announced Monday the new chief deputy. Captain M.F. Smith will replace Chief Shawn Graham when he leaves to be the Williamstown Police Chief. Captain Smith has been with Wood County for 25 years. "I appreciate the opportunity to try. Goals? Yes, make the sheriff's office as good as we can. Challenges? I'm sure we will recognize them as they arise," says Smith. "Captain Smith is the type that you look for your whole career," says Sheriff Merritt. On top of a being a deputy, Smith is a firearms instructor, he has been on the SWAT team, the drug task force and patrol commander. Captain Smith will be sworn in August 1. Chief Graham's last day as chief deputy for the Wood County Sheriff's Office is July 31. Monday night Williamstown will have a special council meeting to vote for approval of Graham to the position. UPDATE 7/18/2014 4:55 PM A new police chief is in the works for Williamstown, and it means big changes to the Wood County Sheriff's Office. Chief Deputy Shawn Graham announces he's retiring, but only to accept the Williamstown Chief of Police position. He says it's a tough and very emotional decision, having started in Wood County at age 19. He may be retiring from the sheriff's office, but not from law enforcement. "I've already discussed with the mayor my sincere desire to continue to work on the drug problem in this Valley, " he says. "That's something we are going to do quite a bit more of in Williamstown, I hope. I mean it's a good community, but there are drugs everywhere." Attending school in Williamstown at a young age, Chief Graham says he always thought at some point he would end up there. Mayor Jean Ford says a special council meeting Monday night will be held to vote for approval of Graham to the position. The Wood County Sheriff says they already have plans for a new chief deputy, which they will be announcing soon. Some big changes are coming to the Wood County Sheriff's Office. Chief Deputy Shawn Graham says he's retiring. But he's not going far. Chief Graham says he's accepted an offer to be the next Williamstown Chief of Police. Williamstown Mayor Jean Ford says his position will be approved during a special council meeting Monday night at 6:00 pm.

Try the New “ENLARGE” feature in the Photo Galleries Caught Up Mark McMorris Mark McMorris is a fast eater. He once knuckled a jump and shit his pants. Instead of changing, he wanted to take another run. Is that passion? Is this a harsh intro? Mark competes a lot. Does that make him a contest kid? Yes. No. He got a Silver Medal at his first Winter X Games. He’s having fun. The 17 year-old just came up with the backside double cork 1440. He stomped it third try (on a park jump at Snowmass, Colorado.) What you think of the trick or triples in general is your opinion, just recognize that there’s a lot more to Mark McMorris than this one trick. One hit wonder? Don’t think so. Okay, the backside triple cork 1440. How long had you been thinking about doing this trick? I guess after Torstein did it. I’ve been doing a variation of the double cork back ten for quiet awhile and nobody had tried it, so I just wanted to see what would happen if I just started it like a back ten but go a little further, hold my grab—I don’t know. The first one I just didn’t start as flippy, I kinda did a backside fourteen double and just fell. It kinda made sense so I just eased my way into it on the next two. I did it with no injury, so that’s cool. Break the trick down. It’s totally different than doing the double. Right from the takeoff you need to give it a lot more. You can’t scrape, you need to get more pop than usual, you need to try to get your grab as soon as you can, so you’re in a small position. It’s like you need to know you’re going to try it from the takeoff. What’s the most critical point in the trick? After the second cork you can kinda spot it, so you really just need to trust yourself to go for it. You can’t let go of your grab and look, you need to just hold on. Commit to it. Over the last year you’ve gone from basically unknown to standing on international podiums. How are you handling this new life? It’s been good. I don’t want to say I knew it was going to happen, but I had a good idea that I could get here. You know, I had the tricks, I just needed to work on style factor and consistency and then linking it all together. I worked really hard last summer and picked up some new sponsors … I’ve been able to go so many different places in the last year. I have a lot of people to thank for the support. Like, sitting on my couch two years ago watching all these movies, I didn’t really think it was possible—and it’s happened so fast—I’m just going with the flow. Good contests this season: The Arctic Challenge—I kinda blew it but it was really fun there: the course, a really good riders field. X Games slopestyle—it was my first time, so it meant a lot. The riding level was insane and I did well—good weather, such a good course. I felt like I did one of my best runs and three of us young guys were on the podium—it was cool. Are your friends in Saskatchewan following what’s going on with you? Yeah—people are starting to find out because of TV coverage I’ve been getting. They don’t think it’s a joke anymore. Its cool my friends watch the webcasts and TV … Has your brother Craig been a big influence on you? I wouldn’t be anywhere without Craig… when we were young, if he did a flip I had to do a flip. If he did a 360, I had to try it. He was always pushing me to try stuff—or I was the loser of the group—so I tried to do what he did and then at some point I was doing tricks he couldn’t do but then he learns them—it’s just like a back and forth battle. It makes it fun for both of us. When we ride we’re always having these little mini-battle on the rails or the jumps. We’re always just trying to push each other in the best direction we can. First board: An LTD —like a 135, it was way too big. Kemper boots. The boots fit well. I was six. We were in Lake Louise. We saw it and we were like, we’re doing that we’re not skiing. Favorite Rider: When I was really young, I thought JP Walker was the sickest rider—he’s still sick. In the last four years the person that’s influenced me the most—with powder, parks, and rails—is Torstein. With his style and progressing the sport and keeping the focus on style. Best Video: Technical Difficulties. I thought that was the sickest movie ever. And then Follow Me Around—by far my favorite movie. Eero’s [Ettala] part when he did the double backside rodeo ten! Favorite tricks: Backside five Indy and front three stale fish. Worst trend in snowboarding: Riding in jeans. Aren’t you cold on the slopes? Your jeans get wet. What are your plans after the contests wrap up for the season? Film, film, and film. I’m doing three Burton shoots and a shoot with Travis’ movie The Art Of Flight. Maybe even a heli trip … And Mark’s Fan Page HERE Mark’s Sponsors are: Burton, Red Bull, Matix, DVS, Oakley, The Source

Copyright © 2013 by the author(s). Published here under license by The Resilience Alliance. Go to the pdf version of this article The following is the established format for referencing this article: Pieraccini, M. 2013. A politicized, legal pluralist analysis of the commons’ resilience: the case of the Regole d’Ampezzo. Ecology and Society 18(1): 4. , part of a special feature on Law and Social-Ecological Resilience A Politicized, Legal Pluralist Analysis of the Commons’ Resilience: The Case of the Regole d’Ampezzo 1University of Bristol How does law affect the resilience of common-pool resources? To answer this question this paper adopts an institutionalist perspective on law, arguing that this shares many similarities with the approach of some legal pluralist scholars, i.e., the recognition that a social-ecological system is influenced by a plurality of legal orders having—to borrow Santos terminology—porous qualities. Studying the production and types of relationships between these legal orders can help us in determining whether a system is or is not likely to be resilient. More precisely, if the legal orders interact in a harmonious and dynamic way thanks to bottom-up as well as top-down forces, the system is likely to be resilient. This theoretical hypothesis is tested in a case study, i.e., an alpine common property in northern Italy called Regole d'Ampezzo. It becomes clear that its resilience to various shocks is due to the harmonic integration and adjustments of customary, property, and environmental laws. However, the completeness of this type of analysis is put under discussion when we move from the macro-institutional level to the micro-political one, i.e., to an analysis of intra-community power relations. Drawing on the work of Foucault on the power–subject nexus, the paper attempts to show that in the specific context of the Regole, the harmonic legal pluralist orders operate as a technique of government, perpetuating certain relationships of power between the actors of the common pool resource. At the same time, the relationships of power also contain the possibility of their reversal since, following Foucault, exercising power means acting on the actions of free subjects. The general conclusion is that a legal study of the resilience of common pool resources can benefit from a politicized version of legal pluralism. Key words: common pool resources; Foucault; legal pluralism; power; Regole d’Ampezzo; resilience In this paper I explore the links between law and social-ecological resilience in relation to the governance of common pool resources (also referred to in this text more generally as “commons”). Common pool resources are systems characterized by subtractability (i.e., that the use of the resource by one individual can reduce benefits available to other users) and difficulty in limiting the appropriation rights of existing users and/or in excluding potential users (Ostrom et al. 2006). Various approaches can be followed to assess the role of law in attaining socially-ecologically resilient common pool resources. One is a doctrinal analysis assessing the substantive provisions of specific legal texts for their capacity to secure the social-ecological resilience of a common pool resource. Another is a legal pluralist enquiry into processes of formation and development of the legal structure, focusing on the interactions between legal orders and underlined by an attempt to decentralize law by emphasizing the importance of multiple, nonstate sources of law. (For a theoretical review of different legal pluralist strands, see Mellissaris 2004.) Although these approaches are complementary, here the focus is on the second approach by critically investigating the relationships between different legal orders applicable to a common pool resource and considering how the social-ecological resilience of commons may be dependent on the types of interactions between these orders and how these are produced. I argue that this legal pluralist approach is also supported by an institutional perspective on law and regulation, which is rooted in the writing of common pool resources scholars who are influenced by new-institutional economics (see, for example, Ostrom 1990, Schlager and Ostrom 1992, Ostrom 2005), and this is the reason why I refer to this as the “macro-institutional view”. For common pool resources writers, institutions are “the rules of the game in society” (North 1990:3). Since both customary norms and (state) legal rules are comprised within the definition of “rules of the game”, it can be argued that the institutional writings of common pool resources scholars are attentive to legal pluralist structures, although many of these texts do not explicitly employ the term “legal pluralism”, apart from the work of Meinzen Dick and Pradhan (2001, 2002) which discusses the concept of legal pluralism in relation to water rights. Common pool resources scholarship can also be linked to another body of literature, that of resilience. These literatures share many analytical preoccupations and have many points of contact: from the emphasis on multilevel governance and cross-scale interactions, to the attention to context and dynamism of social-ecological systems, and, finally, to a search for variables (design principles) that are likely to foster systemic resilience (see Ostrom 1990, Berkes et al. 2003, Lebel et al. 2006, and Cox et al. 2010) This paper offers a contribution to the growing body of literature that explicitly links the resilience approach to common pool resources—i.e., Anderies et al. 2004, Berkes 2006, Schlüter and Pahl-Wostl 2007, Armitage 2008, and the special feature on resilience and adaptation of the International Journal of the Commons edited by Janssen in 2011—by arguing that attention must be paid to the production and types of connections between legal orders when assessing the social-ecological resilience of common pool resources. My hypothesis is that legal pluralist orders can contribute to the social-ecological resilience of the commons if they are harmonic and dynamic due to their mutual adjustments being produced by both bottom-up and top-down forces. This is due to the fact that they confer to the common pool resources the ability to adapt to different challenges and shocks without losing their fundamental identity. Conversely, disjunctures and contradictions between legal orders have the potential to put at risk the resilience of the commons. However, drawing on Foucault’s analysis of power relations and subject formation (Foucault 1982), I also aim to show that concentrating solely on the macro-institutional level to understand the impact of legal pluralist structures on the resilience of common pool resources risks overlooking their role as a technique of power in the Foucaultian sense, thus (re)producing particular knowledges and relations between individuals or groups of the common pool resources. The exercise of power is a question of government for Foucault, where to govern is to “structure the possible field of action of others” (Foucault 1982:221). This implies that the freedom to act is an essential ingredient of each power relation so that the subjugated individuals/groups have latent opportunities for reversing the relation of inequality within the field of power they are part of. Consequently, an analysis of power relations must also include an analysis of the “strategies of struggle”. By linking the macro-institutional analysis with a micro-political one, the legal pluralist assessment of the resilience of common pool resources is politicized. A case study in the second section of the paper tests the discussion. The case study is an upland common property in the northeastern Italian Alps, known by the name of the Regole d’Ampezzo (translation “Rules of Ampezzo”). The territory of the Regole, lying at the heart of the Dolomites World Heritage Site, is considered one of the most successful community conserved areas in Italy (see Lorenzi and Borrini-Feyerabend 2009). I argue that this success is due to the existence of a harmonic and dynamic pluralist legal structure, where customary, property, and environmental legal orders at local, national, and European levels are well integrated and facilitate each other’s development. However, this conclusion obscures the existence of gender inequalities that can be observed if the focus of the analysis switches from the macro-institutional to the micro-political level, i.e., from the interconnections between legal orders to the way these interconnections may affect the relationships between the actors of the social-ecological system. This is not intended as a generalization because harmonious legal pluralism does not always facilitate the perpetuation of unequal power relations. The effects of harmonious legal pluralism on power relations are in fact always context specific and may serve to empower marginalized groups but this does not erase their political value. The key point is that the relationship between resilience and legal structures must be politically grounded. Introducing social-ecological resilience Resilience has different meanings depending on the disciplinary and temporal context in which it is employed. To avoid conceptual ambiguity, it is important to define what is meant by resilience in the context of this article. Following the conceptual division in Brand and Jax (2007), this paper focuses on resilience as a boundary object rather than as a descriptive ecological concept in that it looks at resilience as an interdisciplinary perspective to understand complex social-ecological systems, as elaborated by Folke (2006). Adopting a social-ecological resilience perspective serves to erase the dichotomy between society and nature by focusing on the mutual constitution of people and their environments in the face of change and uncertainty and on the importance of understanding human systems in studying the functioning of ecosystems. A system is resilient when it is capable of absorbing shocks and adapting to new circumstances, while retaining key traits of its original identity. This includes not only its social but also ecological identity as there are certain ecological boundaries that cannot be passed without causing detrimental and final crashes in the ecosystem. Therefore, resilience does not mean opposition to change; rather adaptivity, both in terms of governance and ecology, is considered to be a strong component of a resilient social-ecological system (Folke et al. 2005). Folke et al. (2010) distinguish between adaptability as the capacity of actors to accommodate change while maintaining the social-ecological system in the stability domain, and transformability as the capacity to cross thresholds and move to new domains. As recognized by Walker et al. (2004), resilience can constitute a powerful basis for sustainability, emphasizing adaptive resource management. In the last decade both empirical and theoretical studies on the resilience of social-ecological systems have flourished, yet in the field of legal studies social-ecological resilience scholarship is still in its infancy. However, as Ebbesson (2010) notes, the resilience perspective should be taken into account by lawyers because it can help in the critical assessment and reconsideration of laws and legal concepts. Also, specific laws can be tested using the lens of resilience so that recommendations can be made to integrate resilient legal components into their texts. For example, in the field of nature conservation law, this type of analysis has been carried out by Trouwborst (2009, 2011) who has assessed key international and European legal conservation instruments from the perspective of resilience and adaptation to climate change. My purpose, however, is not to follow this line of inquiry, but to explore the link between law and resilience by looking at the way in which the types of interactions between legal orders and the way they are produced influence the resilience of a social-ecological system, as the next session discusses. Institutionalist perspective on resilience and its link with legal pluralism Common pool resources scholars are well known for overcoming the “tragedy of the commons” argument by pointing out that neo-Malthusian theories and the classic formulation of game theory underplayed the role of institutions in shaping actors’ behaviors in the context of common pool resources. Since the early 1990s, common pool resources scholars have revalorized the commons’ spaces, drawing attention to a myriad of empirical cases on institutional management of shared resources. A leading figure of this scholarly enterprise has been and continues to be Ostrom (Ostrom 1990, Schlager and Ostrom 1992, Becker and Ostrom 1995, Ostrom 1999, Ostrom 2005). Against the orthodox recommendation to solve the commons problem through an exogenous policy (either through private property or state centralization), Ostrom’s early research demonstrated that certain of the commons’ users are capable of organizing small-scale collective institutions to manage the common pool resources in question (Ostrom 1990). In Governing the Commons , Ostrom gathered examples of successful management of small-scale commons in different geographical contexts and extracted eight design principles that characterize enduring and robust common pool resources (Ostrom 1990:80). The design principles are: 1) clearly defined boundaries and clearly defined membership of use-rights holders, 2) congruence between appropriation and provision rules and local conditions, 3) collective choice arrangements, 4) monitoring by appropriators or by monitors accountable to the appropriators; 5) graduated sanctions; 6) low-cost conflict-resolution mechanisms; 7) external recognition of self-organization, and 8) multiple layers of nested enterprises if the common pool resource is part of a larger system (Ostrom 1990:90). Although Governing the Commons is a key contribution to academic research on the governance of commons, its focus on the determination of a set of design principles for successful governance of isolated local systems has potentially dangerous effects if translated into practice without further consideration, which would result in management approaches that are too prescriptive and that ignore the wider political, economic, and legal contexts. Moreover, understanding institutions in terms of robustness may conflict with resilience thinking because it can push towards a rigid understanding of sustainability as stability and endurance, rather than as resilience. These dangers have been recognized over the years by common pool resources’ scholars, who now point to the limitations of one-size fits all solutions, arguing that there is no singular panacea for resolving the social-ecological systems’ problems and stressing the importance of acknowledging polycentric dynamic systems and cross-scalar institutional links in the management of common pool resources (Ostrom 2007, Ostrom 2009 and Heikkila et al. 2011). Similar critiques of the early institutional approach of common pool resources scholars have also been raised by legal scholars (Rose 2011).The recent work of common pool resources scholars calls for contextualization, flexible governance, nested institutions, and diagnostic approaches. The institutionalists’ shift of emphasis from bounded, small-scale governance systems to multilevel governance systems brings out the dynamism and multifaceted nature of this renewed analytical framework, which perfectly fits with the resilience literature. In the words of Berkes (2006:46), the commons’ management is now understood as “the management of complex systems, with emphasis on scale, self-organization, uncertainty and emergent properties such as resilience”. By understanding institutions as the rules of the game and focusing the attention on polycentric governance systems, the current institutional approach to common pool resources has many points of contact with legal pluralist analyses. Significantly, the law that gains prominence in institutional analyses of the commons’ resilience is not only the law of the state, because institutions comprise rules at different levels of decision making and are dynamic places where legal learning can unfold. Clearly, this perspective shares many attributes with some legal pluralist analyses as developed in the field of the sociology of law, where the types of interactions between different legal orders help to explain how governance emerges and to assess how it develops in a given context. It should be noted in passing that not all legal pluralist perspectives would fit with the institutional perspective on the commons’ governance. For example, Teubner’s system analysis places too much emphasis on the self-referentiality of systems and on the processes of translation that are the distorting filters disabling direct communication and responsiveness between systems (Teubner 1997). It is worth recalling the concepts of interlegality and porosity coined by de Sousa Santos to understand the connections between the institutional perspective on law as highlighted above and the legal pluralist literature. Employing a legal pluralist perspective, de Sousa Santos urges scholars to recognize that “we live in a time of porous legality or of legal porosity . . . . Our legal life is constituted by an intersection of different legal orders, that is, by interlegality . . . . Interlegality is a highly dynamic process” (de Sousa Santos 2002:437). The concepts of interlegality and legal porosity point to the fallacy of understanding legal orders as self-enclosed, autonomous units and invite reflection on the ways in which they become mutually constitutive, or as de Sousa Santos himself puts it, how each can be defined “in relation to the legal constellation of which it is a part” (de Sousa Santos 2006:46). This analysis is not far from the institutionalists’ emphasis on nested institutions and polycentrism since it also places emphasis on the dynamic relationships between different legal spheres, thus decentering law and regulation. Politicizing the institutionalist/legal pluralist perspective One key challenge in approaching and assessing the resilience of common pool resources posed by a theory focused on depicting the interactions between legal orders is to what extent this theory leaves scope for considerations of power relations among the actors of the social-ecological system under analysis. The work of institutional scholars is primarily policy oriented and consequently issues of power and resistance at the micro-level have not been explored very often in the literature. This limitation has been recognized by scholars such as Zwarteveen and Meinzen-Dick (2001) and Agrawal (2003) who have criticized the institutional literature on common pool resources for not examining micro-articulations of power relations and unequal distribution of resources. In Agrawal’s (2003:257) words: “Perhaps the most striking question for theorists of commons lies in arguments about the extent to which they attend to intra-group politics and issues of power and resistance. In their preoccupation with sustainable management and successful institutions, they may have ignored the possibility that all successful enforcement institutions are also coercive, and the burden of coercion tends to fall unequally on those who are less powerful.” A similar criticism can be raised against legal pluralist scholars. The main interest of legal pluralists has been to identify and discuss the types of interrelations among legal spheres without asking how these interrelations at the macro-level can affect power relations at the micro-level, although there are few exceptions (Walby 2007, Shariff 2008). To avoid such analytical omissions, a legal assessment of the resilience of a social-ecological system at a macro-institutional level (i.e., the interactions between various legal orders) should be complemented by an analysis of the micro-political, i.e., the power relations among actors within the social-ecological system. This type of analysis finds its theoretical inspiration in the work of Foucault, especially his essay entitled “The Subject and Power” (1982), where Foucault reconciles his interest in understanding how power is exercised, which permeated his earlier writings (see, for example, Foucault 1975 and Foucault 1976), with his recent interest on the formation of subjects (see Foucault 1984a and Foucault 1984b) by arguing that throughout his career he has attempted to “create a history of the different modes by which, in our culture, human beings are made subjects” (Foucault 1982:777). According to Foucault, studies of the power-subject nexus have drawn too narrowly on models concerned with legally legitimate power and with the institution of the state as the sole source of authority. His intellectual task therefore has been to go beyond this understanding of power as state command searching for modes and technologies of power permeating the body of society and reconceptualizing power as a “total structure of actions brought to bear upon possible actions” (Foucault 1982:789). Playing on the equivocal meaning of the reflexive verb “to conduct” in French, Foucault argues that to exercise power is therefore to (se) conduire. “For to ‘conduct’ is at the same time to “lead” others and a way of behaving within a more or less open field of possibilities” (Foucault 1982:789). Consequently, power does not stem from a single source (the state) directly commanding subjects but it is exercised by various means and technologies, internalized within the body of the society producing a particular relationship of inequality between people. Moreover, these relations of power can, at any time, be subverted because power “is a way of acting upon an acting subject or acting subjects by virtue of their acting or being capable of action” (Foucault 1982:789). Each relation of power contains the seeds of resistance because the modes and technologies by which power is exercised can be strategically appropriated by the subjugated actors to attain their freedom. Applying the Foucaultian perspective on power relations to the present study of the resilience of common pool resources means erasing the assumption of a-political legal pluralist structures. The first step in this process of politicization is to ask whether harmonic legal pluralist structures are a technique of power, holding an instrumental role in reproducing power relations among the actors of the social-ecological system. However, interrupting the analysis at this stage would mean picturing subjects as passive objects of legal structures, disregarding their agency. Therefore the second step in the politicization of legal pluralism is to look at the “strategies of struggle” used by actors as a means of empowerment. This theoretical framework is tested below to discuss the resilience of an alpine common in northern Italy. Although private property is the dominant form of land tenure in contemporary Italy, some common properties persist, especially in the Alpine territories. The Regole d’Ampezzo, located in the municipality of Cortina in the Veneto region, is one example of the resilient common properties that have been able to absorb different shocks without radically changing their identity. First of all, the customary governance system of the Regole will be outlined, followed by a discussion of the shocks suffered by the system. Although these shocks could have seriously undermined the resilience of the Regole, this has not happened. The reason seems to lie in the harmonious dynamic interactions between different legal orders affecting the social-ecological system in question and the way they have been produced. However, it will also be evident that the apparent resilience of the Regole comes at a social cost, namely the permanence of gender inequalities within the system. This observation serves to highlight the limitations of a legal assessment of resilience that focuses only on the macro-institutional level, as the permanence of gender inequalities can only be accounted for if we switch to the micro-political level. Customary governance system of the Regole The common property of the Regole d’Ampezzo has a rich institutional history, much of which is inscribed in local codes called Laudi (sing. Laudo), dating back to the thirteenth century. At present there exist eleven Regole, each with its own Laudo and all sharing an overarching Laudo, called the Community Laudo 2007. The Laudi contain administrative, constitutional, and property customary rules and therefore are the key sources to understanding the internal governance system of the Regole. The common property rights holders are known by the name of Regolieri (sing. Regoliere). In accordance with “ancient” custom, the title of Regoliere (plur. Regolieri, name by which property right holder is known) is hereditary. As an alternative to inheritance, there is also the possibility to “acquire” the title of Regoliere by lapse of time or by demonstrating financial or labor contributions to the commons. However, this needs to be decided on a case-by-case basis and requires complex administrative procedures to be approved (Community Laudo article 5(b)) (Community Laudo 2007). Article 5 of the Community Laudo entitles male children of the Regolieri to assume the title of Regolieri at the age of 25 and to have their names registered in the Community Land Registry. By contrast, women are registered only if there are no male descendants in the family. Moreover, if they marry, they can maintain and pass their rights to their offspring only if their husbands are themselves Regolieri, otherwise they will lose their rights (article 7 of the Community Laudo). Only the Regolieri who are registered in the Community Land Registry are granted common rights (article 8 of the Community Laudo). The rights guarantee access to resources (the right to graze animals on the common and the right to cut timber) and participation in decision making (the right to vote and participate in decisions affecting the community). Regulations annexed to the Community Laudo outline the functions of the main organs of the common property and specify the conditions for exercising common rights, thus providing for a rigorous democratic system of decision making, monitoring, and sanctions for misconduct (Table 1). Legal, economic, and environmental shocks It can readily be observed that this is a sophisticated local governance system with well defined social boundaries and a high level of surveillance and monitoring, thus satisfying Ostrom’s design principles for successful common pool resources. However, this system has been challenged by legal, economic, and environmental shocks. The legal shock refers to the detrimental effects of the 1927 national law on the commons (Law n. 1766 of the 16 June 1927). The 1927 law, powered by ideals of agrarian capitalist development, divided the commons under two categories: a) fell lands suitable for pasture and forest use (such as the Regole d’Ampezzo), and b) lands suitable for cultivation (article 11). The latter were destined to privatization through a subdivision in quotas, while the former were still subject to the exercising of rights of common but the ownership of the lands passed to the municipality or to agrarian unions. The way the law dealt with the first category took its inspiration from the governance model of Southern Italian commons where rights of common existed over manorial lands, yet this was a model that the common properties of northern Italy never shared. As for the economic shock, for many decades, the selling of timber constituted the principal revenue for the Regole. However, recently the demand for local timber has declined dramatically, principally due to the competitive prices of eastern European timber as well as of the timber of other Italian valleys. This has led many Regolieri to abandon their exercising of the common right to cut timber. Finally, the Regole has also been challenged by an environmental shock since extensive areas of the Regole’s territory have been legally designated to protect important and vulnerable species and habitats, from migratory birds such as hazel grouse to plants such as the lady’s slipper orchid. The territory of the Regole now hosts the Regional Park of the Dolomites as well as Special Protection Areas (SPAs) and Sites of Community Importance (SCIs), all falling within the Alpine biogeographical region and designated under the 79/409/EEC Wild Birds Directive and the 92/43/EEC Habitats Directive. The Sites of Community Importance designated in the Regole territory are: Gruppo Monte Pelmo-Mondeval-Formin Site of Community Importance (SIC IT3230017), the Gruppo Antelao-Marmarol-Sorapis Site of Community Importance (SIC/ZPSIT 3230081), and the Dolomiti d’Ampezzo (SIC/ZPS IT3230071). Case law and statutes have taught us that the boundaries of protected areas of European sites are to be designated on scientific grounds alone. As socioeconomic considerations cannot be taken into account at the designation stage, this could have triggered a conflict between the demands of environmental law and those of common property rights holders. However, as clarified below, this has not happened and the resilience of the Regole has not been jeopardized. From a macro-institutional perspective, the Regole’s ability to absorb these shocks can be explained as the product of the harmonic integration and responsiveness of different legal spheres due to bottom-up as well as top-down forces, as discussed in the following section. A legal pluralist explanation of the Regole’s resilience To overcome the legal shock, the Regole began a process of resistance, reclaiming ownership and statutory autonomy. The matter was first heard by the commons commissioner for the provinces of Trento, Bolzano, and Belluno. Commons commissioners were a statutory body established in 1927 to determine the ownership of the commons and settled related disputes. With the order (sentenza) 24.10/27.12.1947 the commons commissioner declared that the ownership of the Regole’s lands was to pass to the municipality and this implied that they become subject to the uses of the whole municipality of Cortina, rather than only of the traditional holders of rights of common. After losing in the Court of Appeal, the Regole referred the matter to the Supreme Court of Cassation but the appeal was abandoned when the municipality of Cortina and the Regole achieved a compromise in 1957 approved by the city council whereby around 1500 ha of lands were assigned to the municipality and almost 17,000 ha to the Regole (Romagnoli 1986). Therefore, the key variable that transformed the relationship from a difficult to a harmonious one was the Regole’s bottom-up legal resistance to the juridical wall created by the 1927 law. The statutory autonomy of common properties was then recognized by different national property laws, such as the law n. 1102 of 3 December 1971 and the law n. 97 of 31 January 1994 that I discuss below. As for the economic shock, agricultural diversification has become essential in challenging the crisis of the timber market. The geophysical characteristics of the Ampezzo valley make it attractive for the development of skiing infrastructures, so that national and regional property laws have enabled the Regole to exploit part of the collective property for tourism developments whilst employing the language of the Laudi by stressing the “ancient” connections of the Regole and other mountain common property institutions to their lands. Indeed, under the 1971 property law the Regole can use part of their land for tourism developments, provided compensatory remediation measures are taken (article 11 of the Law n.1102 of 3 December 1971). This has been reiterated by the law n. 97 of 31 January 1994 property law setting provisions for mountain areas. Article 3 of the 1994 law confers to the Regole and other mountain common property institutions legal personality under private law, it affirms their statutory autonomy while assigning to the regional bodies the role of guaranteeing the participation in the management of the commons of all representatives “freely chosen” by the common property rights holders, as well as the power to authorize some forms of development of the land. In line with the 1971 law, the 1994 law stresses that land can be developed for tourism projects as long as it is not detrimental for the conservation of “the ancient” agro-sylvan-pastoral goods. The language of the Laudi has permeated property law, as is apparent from the recurrent use of the loaded term “ancient” in property laws. Moreover, not only property laws have recognized the value of the Laudi, but also the reverse process has occurred. Article 3 of the Regulations annexed to the Community Laudo now allows change of use of land in favor of tourism development. Following these changes many Regolieri have become active participants in the tourist industry. To respond to the environmental shock, diversification has also involved an environmental re-orientation of the Regole’s activities, again enabled by responsive and dynamic institutions. The environmental designations on the Regole’s territory in fact have not triggered conflicts between the (private) interests of the Regolieri and the (public) interests of nature conservation bodies. On the contrary effective community-based natural resource management has thrived. The environmental law (law n. 21 of 22 March 1990) establishing the regional Park of the Ampezzo Dolomites has entrusted the Regole with the direct and autonomous management of the Park, pursuant to the provision of article 7(1) of the law n. 40 of 16 August 1984 on parks. The Convention specifying the Park’s management criteria states that this managerial power has been granted to the Regole due to the “specificity of the ancient forms of management of the Ampezzo natural heritage, by them [the Regole] preserved and protected for hundreds of years” (Convenzione del 30 Ottobre 1990). This is an exceptional innovation for the history of park management in Italy, which has seen parks always managed by public bodies. Also visible is once again the use of the adjective “ancient” this time in environmental law texts as a proof of the sustainability of the Regole. In relation to European conservation sites, it appeared that the same degree of managerial power could not be enjoyed by the Regole since the 1997 Decree implementing the Habitats Directive into Italian law conferred on the regions and the autonomous provinces normative and managerial powers and responsibilities in relation to Natura 2000 sites (Decree of the President of the Republic n. 357 of 8 Sept 1997). However, the Decree n. 3 of 24 September 2002, outlining the guidelines for the management of Natura 2000 sites, empowers the regions and autonomous provinces to choose, where possible and appropriate, another management body, including mountain communities and park authorities. This option has been taken on board by the Veneto region. Under a Decision of the regional council (n. 4572 of 28 December 2007), mountain communities and park authorities can submit a request to the Region for drafting management plans of European sites in their territories. It is worth recalling that article 6(1) of the 1992 Habitats Directive states that the management of European sites can include “if needed be, appropriate management plans”. The decision states that this prerogative is granted to mountain communities and park authorities in recognition of their thorough and “ancient” knowledge of the local environment. The Regole submitted a request and they are listed in Annex I of the 2007 Decision as the body responsible for the drafting of the management plan for the Special Protection Area falling within their territory. From this analysis it becomes obvious that the resilience of the Regole owes much to the responsiveness and discursive interconnections of legal domains at different scales, from local statutes to the regional implementation of European Directives, and the way they have been produced. Employing an institutional perspective to understand the commons’ resilience serves to acknowledge that a social-ecological system is governed by an array of interacting legal domains. It could be concluded that in cases like those of the Regole where this interaction is harmonic and permits mutual adjustments and developments thanks to bottom-up as well as top-down forces, the system is likely to be resilient. Conversely, a system’s resilience is jeopardized in situations where there are disjunctures between different legal spheres. Nevertheless, this legal pluralist analysis does not consider relations of power between actors at the micro-level and therefore it can only offer a partial assessment of the system’s resilience. Politicizing the Regole’s resilience The harmonic dynamism between legal spheres recognized above as a fundamental determinant for ensuring the resilience of the Regole is also a means by which power, in the Foucaultian sense, is exercised. This is mostly evident in relation to the discursive reproduction of power by environmental and property laws. Absorbing the language and discourses of the Laudi environmental and property laws emphasizes the importance of the “ancient” ties the Regolieri have with the land and their “ancient” knowledge, and guarantees that commons representatives are “freely chosen” in conformity with the Laudi, thereby contributing to the idealistic/simplistic representation of the Regole as a bounded homogenous community and failing to question the gender inequality at its heart. At the same time, as power is always exercised on free subjects, “there is no relationship of power without the means of escape or possible flight” (Foucault 1982:794). Indeed, the Regolieri are not passive subjects of the power of legal discourses and orders but some of them critically engage with them in order to resist power. Indeed, when conducting semistructured interviews with a sample of Regolieri in 2008, many openly discussed the gendered social structure of the Regole embodied by article 7 of the Laudo and its effects on unequal access to resources and participation in decision making. The question of the unconstitutionality of article 7 of the Laudo was even put before the Constitutional Court in 1988 but it was declared inadmissible by the Court as it related to customary rules not having the force of law. At present, a group of Regolieri is re-opening the question of the rights of women within the Regole system. This group has proposed amending article 7 of the Laudo so that all women can inherit rights in the same way as men and be registered in the Community Land Registry. Under article 8 of the Regulations annexed to the Community Laudo, amendments to the Laudi are to be proposed by the Assembly of Deputies and approved by the General Assembly. However, article 8 also enables a group of 40 Regolieri to present proposals for amending the Laudo to the General Assembly as long as they notify the Assembly of Deputies 30 days before the General Assembly meeting. Interestingly, in an article on this topic by Ghea published in the Regole’s bulletin, the need to harmonize different legal spheres is actually used as a justification for proposing the registration of all women in the Community Land Registry (Ghea 2011). It is stated that the amendment of the Laudo for ensuring gender equality would bring the Regole in line with the Italian constitution and other national laws (Ghea 2011). Therefore, although the Constitutional Court of Italy dismissed the question of the unconstitutionality of the Laudo, the relationship between the constitution and the Laudo has been re-examined in the context of the gender debate and the discourse of harmonious legal pluralism is actually strategically employed by some Regolieri to voice the gender struggle, thereby exemplifying the “locking together of power relations with relations of strategy” (Foucault 1982:795). The relationship between law and resilience has so far not received much attention in the literature on resilience of social-ecological systems. In this article I have attempted to shed light on this relationship concentrating on common pool resources. I have explicitly linked the institutional literature on commons with legal pluralism, showing that both academic strands point the analytical cursor on polycentric governance and cross-scalar institutional interactions between legal orders. Although the focus has been on European, national, and sub-national law, future work could consider the role played by international law (for example the World Heritage Convention 1972 (UNESCO 1972)) within this pluralist legal framework and its effects on the production of the Regole’s identity. Looking at the types of interrelationships between legal orders and how these are produced may help scholars in assessing the resilience of a common, provided they are backed up by substantive legal provisions that facilitate its resilience. If the legal orders are harmoniously interacting and dynamically adjusting to one another thanks to bottom-up as well as top-down forces, then it is likely that the common in question will be resilient. However, drawing on Foucault’s theory of power and the subject, I have also pointed out that a macro-institutional focus on the interactions of legal orders to assess the social-ecological resilience of a system must be complemented with an analysis of the power relations at the micro-level. The theoretical discussion has been grounded in an empirical reality, using a case study of a common property situated in the Italian Alps, whose resilience to external shocks has been rendered possible by the harmonic integration and mutual development of different legal orders. At the same time, the switch from the macro- to the micro-level of analysis revealed the way in which harmonic legal pluralism in this setting actually leave gender inequalities unaltered. Indeed, by respecting and recognizing customary rules, property and environmental laws do not question the gender discrimination at the heart of the Regole system, thus perpetuating the narrative of the Regole as a bounded community. However, harmonic legal pluralism as a discourse can actually be strategically appropriated by subjugated actors as a means of empowerment, and therefore the analysis of power relations at the micro-level also needs to highlight “strategies of struggle”. Politicizing the legal analysis by integrating an analysis of micro-issues of power into the assessment is therefore essential in developing a certain caution before asserting whether a social-ecological system is resilient or not. Needless to say the analytical framework proposed in this paper is tentative and its value can be tested only by applying it to the study of resilience in other case studies. I would like to thank the editors of this special edition, and the two anonymous reviewers and Prof. Bronwen Morgan and Prof. Richard Young for their comments/suggestions. Many thanks also to the Regolieri whom I interviewed in 2008 for their time and collaboration. Agrawal, A. 2003. 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Oct 3, 2013 Post By: Children's Health A brachial plexus injury is the result of damage to the nerves linking the spine to the shoulder and is often caused by stretching the head away from the arm following a shoulder trauma. It's important to know when to seek treatment for this injury and when it's safe for a young athlete to return to play. These symptoms may be obvious or subtle, lasting a few seconds or a few minutes, and can last much longer in some cases. While symptoms are present, watch for possible signs of a concussion. Welcome to the new and improved Children’s Health Patient Family blog! We hope that our new blog will help you find the best information for your children in an easy and fun way. Take a look around and see all the new features this site has to offer! If you need to, you can access our old blog here where all our news articles will be. Sign up to get updates on what's new at Children’s Health! Thank you for subscribing to the Children's Medical Center Newsletter.

"Lastly we park our butts outside Delaware Road off Transit as the clock inches toward midnight. No one travels down Delaware Road except fanatics like us: a dark road that never sees cars, surrounded by woods. We sit there and listen to the trees. We tell stories about local hicks who hang squirrels and like to eat 16-year-old kids. We look for the mystery of night. Then there’s no more talk, just the beating of our hearts, and the breaths that we take, until someone lights a cigarette and says, “I’m tired. Let’s get out of here.”The first issue I have with it is the location, obviously. It's not directly off of Transit, rather it's between Goodrich and Salt Roads in the part of town known as Wolcottsburg. Local hicks? Well, this IS campfire scary story time after all. I also saw another Delaware Road mention online on StrangeUSA from 2006: "In the early morning hours of spring and fall driving down this old carriage road you can feel a presence of old world culture. If on the right night one can make out a man standing roadside holding a lantern, and two feet on the right or left you can see a young girl waiting with the man for something. Warning: Rumors of a kid beaten pretty badly, please do not stop, it may not be safe."Oh pooh. What rumors? However it has been little more than a wide heavily wooded trail for over 150 years, so something may have happened. Spooky it is. Not safe? At least it's paved now, which it wasn't in the 60's and before. Driving down two muddy tire ruts going through the closely hovering trees in the midnight hour or any other time brings fears of getting stuck, but that's about it...Of course, if stuck, all those other hobgoblins may come shuffling out of the woods :) Back in the day when this route was first carved through the forest it was called Kupferschleeger Road (aka Francis Road) after the farmer whose property it bordered. Remember there was a predominant Prussian-German community there at the time. In fact the corner on Goodrich was site to many festivities in the late 1800's, including a beer garden and the first carousal. Probably was spooky then too if someone wandered off. According to a book written by Clarence alumnus ('84) and teacher Doug Kohler about the North Country of Clarence, the white-sheeted ones came to town in the early 1920's and held a rally deep on the road in 1924. Now THAT'S scary. The first time I drove my kids down there while killing time they freaked out, and it was broad daylight...Daylight in the outside world that is. The woods have a way of taking time away and replacing it with an otherwordly experience. "Mom, are you sure you know where we are? Mom, can we leave now? Mom?" There's only so fast you can safely drive from one end to the other. Besides, I wanted to savor the atmosphere:) This Halloween night, or any other time for that matter, check it out for yourself. Woooo! (HT to Bill)

PREPS: Rams hit stride in MHC football race Central Catholic's football team has hit its stride at exactly the right moment. The Rams started 1-2. Now, behind a fast, ball-hawking defense, a high-octane return game and an improving offense, they have won their past three games. The Rams (4-2, 2-0) are tied with Gresham and Barlow atop the Mt. Hood Conference. Central Catholic coach Steve Pyne says Thursday's 7 p.m. matchup with Gresham at Hillsboro Stadium will reveal a lot about how good Central Catholic is with the state playoffs a few weeks away. 'We're going to play a playoff team, a very talented team that's playing extremely confidently,' Pyne says. 'We're going to know a lot about ourselves after Thursday.' Central Catholic had to begin its season without Pyne on the sidelines; he served a two-game suspension for violating Oregon School Activities Association practice rules during the summer. Without Pyne, the Rams went 1-1. Since he came back, the only blemish on Central's record is a 14-12 loss to Jesuit. Pyne stops short of saying that his presence is the reason for the Rams' three-game win streak and better play. 'It might have something to do with it,' he says, 'but I don't have that big of an ego to think that it made that big of a difference.' Led by safeties Dallin Leavitt and Beau Duronslet, Central Catholic's defense has been very good throughout the season. Last week, the Rams held Centennial to six points after the Eagles had lost 70-63 to Barlow the week before. 'On the defensive side of the ball, it's the fastest group of kids we've had collectively on the field since I've been here,' Pyne says. Along with running back Hayward Demison, Leavitt and Duronslet make Central Catholic deadly every time a team has to kick the ball to them. 'Anytime they touch the ball they can take it into the end zone,' Pyne says. 'Those are big explosive plays and potential momentum-changing plays.' The Rams offense has been improving throughout the season. The team has weapons on the perimeter, but also has a young offensive line. While the players up front are able to move the pile on any given play, the unit lacks varsity experience. 'The O-line is getting better every week,' Pyne says. 'We knew that we were going to be kind of young and inexperienced there. We're starting three guys right now who are in their first year of varsity. So the speed of the game is different than they're used to. But those guys are coming along.' The Rams also do not have a set quarterback. They began the season with Ben Cook, a 6-3, 185 pound senior, at the position. After Cook tore his meniscus against Canby on Sept. 9, sophomore Aidan Wilder, 5-10, 170, took over. Because there is limited risk of further damaging his knee, Cook has postponed surgery until after the season. He came back last week against Centennial and played a few series. For now, Pyne plans to use both quarterbacks. 'Going forward right now, Wilder is going to continue to get the majority of the snaps until Ben is completely confident and has knocked all the rust off,' Pyne says. 'Then we'll see. It's a luxury to have two of them.' While Pyne will reserve judgment of his team until after the Gresham game, when the playoffs roll around, like always, he says that whoever draws Central Catholic will its their hands full. 'I believe that we'll be a tough out,' Pyne says. 'I've believed that every year that I've been at Central.' The other MHC contender, Barlow (2-0), takes on visiting David Douglas (0-2) Thursday night. In Thursday games involving PIL schools: Grant (4-2) will meet Redmond (2-4) at Lincoln; Jefferson (3-0 PIL 5A, 3-3 overall) invades Franklin (1-1, 1-5); Wilson (1-1, 2-4) plays Benson (1-1, 1-5) at Marshall; and Madison (0-2, 0-5) goes to Cleveland (1-2, 1-5). The Metro League, plays on Friday, with Jesuit (2-0) host to Aloha (0-2), Southridge (2-0) at Sunset (0-2), and Beaverton (1-1) at Westview (1-1). Also Friday, 5A Bend will play at 6A Lincoln (3-3 overall); 4A Roosevelt (4-2) treks to Crook County (3-3); Lakeridge (1-1 Three Rivers League) will try to bounce back from its loss to No. 2-ranked Lake Oswego with a road trip to West Linn (2-0, 5-1); and 2A Portland Christian (1-0 Northwest League, 3-2 overall) is at home against Neah-Kah-Nie (1-0, 3-3).

Idaho's Christmas wolf and coyote hunt 19th December 2013 Wolves in Idaho can forget their dreams of chasing Santa's reindeer. All they can look forward to this Christmas is a hail of bullets from hunters, some as young as 10, joining in the state's 1st Annual Predator Derby. This is an incredible opportunity to team up with your son or daughter during Christmas break. "Idaho for Wildlife" sounds like a conservation group - and you might think that's why they are celebrating on December 28th - it's the 40th anniversary of the Endangered Species Act! "This is an incredible opportunity to team up with your son or daughter during Christmas break and spend some quality time in the gorgeous Salmon, Idaho Country!", says the IFW website. But then you notice how they have chosen to celebrate - with IFW's "1st Annual Predator Derby". On 28th and 29th December the State's hunters some as young as 10, will be out with their guns in the wilds of Salmon, Idaho, shooting wolves and coyotes. The killer of the largest wolf is in line for a trophy and $1,000 prize. Compared to that, coyotes are small fry, with 'option pots' for the killers of the biggest male, biggest female, and third prize for the killer of the most females. IFW's website states: "Wolves in Idaho are considered a big game animal just like a deer or elk. Coyotes are classified as an unprotected predator and can be hunted year around. "Youth hunters who are 12 years of age or older, and have received their hunters education certificate and have a valid hunting license and wolf tag may hunt wolves. "Youth that are 10 years or older who have passed hunters education and have a valid hunting license can hunt coyotes as long as they have a mentoring parent or adult." But not everyone wants to join in the festive fun. The Defenders of Wildife group complains: "This twisted 'wolf derby' is a horrific demonstration of what happens when wolves are prematurely stripped of Endangered Species Act protection. "Over 154 wolves have already been killed in Idaho since this year's hunting season began. Idaho wolves can't bear to lose more pups, mothers, and pack leaders than they already have. It's up to you and me to stop this." "Organizers of this so-called wolf derby admit that one purpose of the event is to show the world that no one can stop them from killing wolves - not you, not me, and especially not the federal government." A Care2 petition against the event has has so far gathered 32,589 signatures: "Both wolves and coyotes play essential roles in the ecosystem - they are not pests. Wolves actually need increased protection. "Even if numbers did need to be reduced, which they don't, shooting these beautiful animals should only ever be done by professionals. Treating it as family entertainment is ridiculous. Tell Idaho that the true meaning of Christmas is not, in fact, barbarity." Also in The Ecologist: Wolf slaughter is un-American! Using this website means you agree to us using simple cookies.

SAN QUENTIN, Calif. - One by one, the entrepreneurs, clad in crisp blue jeans and armed with PowerPoint presentations, stood before a roomful of investors and tech bloggers to explain their dreams of changing the world. For these exuberant times in Silicon Valley, the scene was familiar; the setting, less so. With the young and ambitious flocking again to northern California to launch Internet companies, there were signs one recent morning that startup mania has taken hold even behind the faded granite walls of California’s most notorious prison. “Live stream has gone mainstream. Mobile video usage went up and is expected to increase by 28% over the next five years,” said Eddie Griffin, who was pitching a music streaming concept called “At the Club” and happens to be finishing a third stint for drug possession at San Quentin State Prison, near San Francisco, after spending the last 15 years behind bars. Griffin was one of seven San Quentin inmates who presented startup proposals on “Demo Day” as part of the Last Mile program, an entrepreneurship course modeled on startup incubators that take in batches of young companies and provide them courses, informal advice and the seed investments to grow. According to business news website Xconomy, incubator programs - which it tracks - have tripled in number for each of the past three years, proliferating from Sao Paulo to Stockholm at a pace that has fueled talk in tech circles of an “incubator bubble”. Last Mile founder Chris Redlitz, a local venture capitalist, says his goal was never to seek out a genuine investment opportunity inside a prison but to educate inmates about tech entrepreneurship and bridge the knowledge gap between Silicon Valley’s wired elite and the rest of the region’s population. Inmates, after all, are not allowed to run businesses. They do not have access to cellphones - much less Apple Inc’s latest iPhone developer toolkits - and they use computers only under close supervision. A LOT TO LEARN After his presentation in San Quentin’s chapel, which received a rousing reception from an audience that included prison warden Kevin R. Chappell, Griffin told a reporter it was unlikely he would launch his startup idea immediately after being released this summer. “I still have a lot to learn,” said the soft-spoken Detroit native. “I’ve never used a cellphone. Technology is kind of foreign in this environment.” But to hear the inmates use jargon such as “lean startup“ and “minimum viable product” speaks to an unmistakable truth about the Bay Area zeitgeist, where startups, for better or worse, have come to embody upward mobility, ambition, and hustle. “If they were doing this in the ‘80s there may have been a different theme or model,” said Wade Roush, Xconomy’s chief correspondent. “But in this day and age, becoming an entrepreneur or starting a business is a form of self-actuation.” Situated on prime waterfront land, San Quentin is perhaps California’s most storied prison and home to the state’s only death row. But it has also kept a longstanding progressive reputation, boasting a rare college degree-granting program and vibrant arts courses. The Last Mile accepted 10 inmates out of 50 applicants for its latest batch. The program, which graduated its first class of inmates last year, meets twice a week to discuss startups and lasts six months, although the most recent class took seven months due to a prison lockdown last year. Some Last Mile participants, under official supervision, have also joined the online question-and-answer site Quora to respond to questions about prison life or describe what it felt like to commit murder. The latest batch of startup ideas included a fitness app that would motivate drug addicts to exercise, a cardiovascular health organization, a social network for sufferers of post-traumatic stress disorder, a food waste recycling program, and an e-commerce site for artists in prison. Because the likelihood is not great that these companies will become funded and succeed, Redlitz said he was also working to place the inmates in jobs at tech companies after their release. Rocketspace, a startup co-working space in downtown San Francisco, has agreed to host an internship. Rally.org, a crowd-funding site that counts Redlitz among its investors, said it hoped to begin a program to seek micro-investments from the public for the inmates’ ideas. Sitting in the Demo Day audience was John Collison, the 22-year-old co-founder of online payments startup Stripe, who noted some stark differences between the inmates’ proposals and the fashionable startups du jour in Silicon Valley. “What’s frustrating is that all these companies in the Valley, they’re ideas for the 1 or 10%,” Collison said. “You have startups like Uber or Taskrabbit, that’s like, ‘Oh, here’s something to help you find a driver or find someone to clean your house.’ Are they solving real problems?” The San Quentin inmates “were talking about urban obesity, or PTSD”, Collison said. “It’s a completely different perspective. We actually really need that.”

A maternal nag familiar to the ears of many young gamers usually follows the lines of "you're wasting your life in front of a console." Browbeaten controller wielders rejoice—a new study from the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) has proven the superior hand-eye coordination skills honed from hours of joystick-based gaming are the same talents required to master the world's most advanced robotic surgery tools. The study sought to identify the developmental effect video games have on training future surgeons. "A new era has started," explained Sami Kilic, lead author of the study and associate professor and director of minimally invasive gynecology at UTMB. Kilic was inspired to conduct the study after seeing his son easily take control of a robotic surgery simulator at a medical convention. "Robotic surgery has been implemented in the medical field recently—most of the physicians were not trained for it. We had to come up with an idea of how to train our trainers." A group of physicians studying at UTMB—a world leader in robotic surgery—was put up against US high school and college students in a series of robotic surgery simulation tests. The study measured participants on 20 different skills, including how steady their grasping abilities were when performing surgical tasks such as passing a needle or lifting surgical instruments. There were 32 different teaching steps required to operate the robotic surgery simulator—a training tool with dual hand-operated controllers. Real-time surgical movements are displayed on its video monitor. The surgical skills of the high school students (who played video games an average of two hours a day) and the college students (some of whom spent four hours a day gaming) were found to be equal to the UTMB physicians—and in some cases, even exceeded the skills of the residents. The UTMB physicians were able to save face when the same test groups were asked to perform non-robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, the physicians unsurprisingly coming out on top. "Most physicians in practice today never learned robotic surgery in medical school," said Kilic. "However, as we see students with enhanced visual-spatial experience and hand-eye coordination that are a result of the technologically-savvy world they are immersed in, we should rethink how best to teach this generation." The study noted the additional two hours the college students spent gaming when compared with the high school students didn't seem to provide them with any additional advantage when using the robotic surgery simulator. This led Kilic to observe that two hours might be the optimal time spent at the controls of the robot simulator. While young gamers might now rightfully claim that time spent at the controller is building useful (robotic surgery related) skills, the argument runs dry beyond the two-hour mark. This story originally appeared on Wired UK.

.:. Yekyia mo Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut .:. (Greetings to all Africans~all Black people) www.odwirafo.com is the official internet home of: Aakhuamuman Amaruka Atifi Mu (Aakhuamu Nation in North America) The Aakhuamu (Akwamu) people are a sub-group of the Akan (ah-kahn') ethnic group who live primarily in the West Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (West African) countries of Ghana and Ivory Coast. There are over 20,000,000 Akan people in Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa). Yet, there are millions of Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans) in the americas, the Caribbean and europe who are of direct Akan Ancestry as well---physically/genetically and spiritually. Millions of Akan people were captured as prisoners of war in Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) and were subsequently forced into enslavement in the western hemisphere. Once in the americas and the Caribbean, many of us freed ourselves from enslavement permanently by taking up arms, killing the white slavers, killing the family and staff of the white slavers and burning down the plantations. We would then migrate to certain areas and establish independent, sovereign nations. Many of these independent, sovereign nations lasted for generations up to and beyond the end of "legalized" slavery. It was/is the indomitable Okra/Okraa (aw-krah'/aw-krah'-ah), soul, of the Akan that directed us to listen to the guidance of our Nananom Nsamanfo (Honorable Ancestresses and Ancestors) and the Abosom (Goddesses and Gods/Divine Spirit-Forces in Nature) for this guidance was/is the expression and impression of Nyamewaa-Nyame Nhyehyee (Goddess-God/The Supreme Being's Order~Divine Order). We would then incorporate that guidance in the form of directives for action in order to free ourselves from enslavement, re-establish our sovereignty and maintain our sovereignty. This indomitable soul is carried by the Akan in the western hemisphere today who have found out (and those who will soon find out) who they are. It can never be extinguished. Amenet (Nyamewaa) and Amen (Nyame) from the Temple of Apet Resit in ancient Kamit Amenet-Amen (Nyamewaa-Nyame) function harmoniously Together as The Supreme Being (Goddess-God) Aakhuamuman Amaruka Atifi mu recognizes the reality that only the re-embracing of our own Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestral culture, which includes most critically our own Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestral Religion, restores our normalcy as Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) people. This re-embracing is the conscious re-establishment of our identity, and it is the re-establishment of our identity which is the foundation of our sanity, our stability in Creation. Moreover, it is the basis of our capacity to execute complete social, economic, political and spiritual liberation from our absolute enemies---the whites and their offspring (all white europeans, white americans, white arabs, white indians, white asians, white hispanics, white latinos/latinas, white pseudo-"native" americans, etc.-- without exception, living and deceased), their culture and their pseudo(false)-religions. Our Amammere (Culture) and Nanasom (Religion) comprise the foundation of Amansesew (Nationbuilding/Restoration). The members of Aakhuamuman Amaruka Atifi mu are descendants, physically/genetically and spiritually, of 1) Akwamu-Akan Ancestresses and Ancestors who were 2) enslaved in North America or entered North America during the period of enslavement to locate, fight for and liberate their kin and other Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans). The major Aakhuamumanakyenaboa (sacred animals; "totems") are gyata/gyata-bere, nanka, odenkyem and osansa (lion/lioness, puff adder, crocodile and hawk). Additionally, as Akan people, the re-embracing of our culture necessarily includes our most ancient Ancestral cultural expressions made manifest by our Ancestresses and Ancestors in their/our civilizations of ancient Keneset and Kamit (Nubia and Egypt). The Abosom Ra and Apedemak from the Temple of Apedemak in Khanit (Nubia) The Akan term oman means nation. Akwamu-oman or Akwamuman thus means Akwamu Nation. We use the spelling Aakhuamuman which reflects the ancient spelling of the name in the metutu, the hieroglyphic writing created by our Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestresses and Ancestors tens of thousands of years ago in ancient Khanit and Kamit - the foundation of all written scripts in the world. It also reflects our unique identity and heritage as Aakhuamufo (Akwamufo), Akwamu people, who waged war to end enslavement in Amaruka (america) and will continue as we participate in ahofadi, liberation, for Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans) as a collective. We have thus re-established our Ancient Authentic Ancestral Amannee (traditions) under the guidance of Nyamewaa-Nyame, through the agency of the Abosom and our Nananom Nsamanfo. It is our Aakhuamufo Nananom Nsamanfo, our direct-blood Akwamu Ancestresses and Ancestors, who have concretized our identity as a people and an oman (nation) and form the basis for Aakhuamuman Amaruka Atifi Mu, for it was our Aakhuamufo Nananom Nsamanfo who guided us to liberation from enslavement and continue to guide our efforts today. Our direct blood Nananom Nsamanfo include those Aakhuamu who originated in ancient Khanit, also called Keneset (Ancient Nubia), at the beginning of human existence upon Asaase (Earth) as a component of the larger group of Akanfo (Akan people). This is the region of contemporary Sudan and South Sudan in the Eastern region of Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa). We eventually migrated around the world. Some Akanfo migrated north of Khanit and settled ancient Kamit (ancient Egypt), while others remained in Khanit. Over the millennia, Akanfo migrated to West Afuraka/Afuraitkait (West Africa) establishing the ancient civilization of Akana (Khanat - Ghana). Some Akanfo were also a component of the Kanem empire (pre-Bornu), the original/authentic Black Berber empire (Abibiri-fo) and the Kong empire (Kan) before ultimately migrating to and settling in the areas of contemporary Ghana (Akana) and Ivory Coast. Our Aakhuamufo Nananom Nsamanfo would eventually form Akwamuman(Akwamu Nation) as an empire over 300 years ago in the region of contemporary Ghana. During the wars which occurred between rival Akan aman (nations) including those who were at war with europeans, some of our Aakhuamufo Nananom Nsamanfo were captured as prisoners of war and dislocated to the western hemisphere during the Mmusuo Kese(Great perversity/enslavement). Akanfo in general as well as Aakhuamufo (Akwamufo) in particular became known in the western hemisphere for organizing military operations, waging war against the white slavers and liberating ourselves and other Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans) from enslavement. Our military operations included armed resistance: acquisition of firearms and other weaponry and also waging chemical and biological warfare against the white slavers: Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) men and women on plantations poisoning the food and water supply of the whites in order to kill them and open the way for our liberation from the plantations. It was because of our relentless military operations that Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans) as a collective - designated as ODWIRAMAN - forced the end of enslavement in the western hemisphere. Our Aakhuamufo Nananom Nsamanfo made significant contributions toward this accomplishment. It is from these Aakhuamufo Nananom Nsamanfo - our direct-blood Ancestresses and Ancestors who guided us in every generation throughout Mmusuo Kese, fought for and achieved liberation and who remain with us and continue to guide us today - that we derive our authority to reestablish Aakhuamuman Amaruka Atifi Mu as an independent sovereign nation. As with our Aakhuamufo Nananom Nsamanfo of the past, Aakhuamuman Amaruka Atifi Mu is at the forefront of the war for the total religious, cultural, social, economic, political liberation of the Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans~Black People) in america and worldwide. The image on the home page is an image of Owia, the Sun, manifesting heightened atmospheric activity often referred to as "solar flares" or a "solar storm". It is a fitting image, for it is through such heightened activity of Owia that the solar fire not only nourishes but purifies by burning-out/disintegrating impurities. Odwira, in the Twi language of the Akan means 'purification' and also 'a celebration of purification'. This term has its origins in the language of ancient Khanit and Kamit. Thus the ancient term Twra or Dwra as written in the medutu (hieroglyphs) means 'purification' and also a 'celebration of purification.' Odwirafo is an Ancestrally inherited and transmitted office existing only within Aakhuamuman Amaruka Atifi mu. It is defined fundamentally as the 'individual within Aakhuamuman who is responsible for facilitating UAB-ODWIRA.' Odwirafo Kwesi Ra Nehem Ptah Akhan Aakhuamuman Amaruka Atifi Mu was reconstituted from within the Asona Abusua (Asona Clan) of Odwirafo Kwesi Ra Nehem Ptah Akhan with abusuafo (clan members) and related mmusuakuw (various other Akan clans) through marriage in Chicago, Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana which stretches back over 300 years. Blogtalkradio Broadcast: AAKHUAMUMAN AMARUAKA ATIFI MU - Akwamu Nation in North America In North America, Akan Ancestral Religion was and is maintained as HOODOO from the Akan term Ndu (oohn-dooh') meaning 'medicine' from 'roots, plant life' (rootwork) and also 'to become heavy with the spirit' through Conjure from the Akan term KANKYE (kahn'-cheh) meaning 'to utter incantations to call the Spirits of the Deities and Honored Ancestral Spirits down'. As Aakhuamu (Akwamu) people, we maintained Hoodoo for 300 years in North America. Our unique forms of adebisa are reflective of the culture that was fossilized in our bones and blood when we left Afuraka/Afuraitkait (Africa) and arrived here in the west. Aakhuamuman Amaruka Atifi Mu, Akwamu Nation in North America, is not an organization that can be 'joined'. It is an ethnic group, comprised of specific Aakhuamu (Akwamu) blood-circles in North America. This reclamation of identity can be affected by all Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans) in North America be they Ancestrally Yoruba, Ewe, Igbo, Fon, Fang, Ovambo, Bassa, Bakongo, Bambara, etc. Odwirafo Kwesi Ra Nehem Ptah Akhan is the sole spokesperson/representative of Aakhuamuman Amaruka Atifi Mu. All inquiries regarding Aakhuamuman should be addressed to: [email protected]. While we are genetically and spiritually related to the Akwamu in Ghana and Ivory Coast, we are our own separate entity, separated by centuries, distance and a locative identity rooted in our unique interfacing with this region of Asaase Afua (Earth Mother) and the blending of Ancestral blood-circles in this region for over three centuries. We are not representatives of the Akwamu in Ghana and Ivory Coast although we recognize them and all Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans~Black People) -- and only Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans~Black People) -- as family. Aakhuamuman Amaruka Atifi Mu, Akwamu Nation in North America, is naturally a component of ODWIRAMAN - Purified Nation - Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans) in the Western Hemisphere as a collective - those who are Ancestrally, spiri-genetically Yoruba, Ewe, Fon, Igbo, Bakongo, Fang, Bambara, Ovambo, etc. who were forced into North America and fought for liberation. It must be underscored that the information found within www.odwirafo.com is not limited to Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans) of Akan descent. All Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans) are related and thus have related languages, cultural practices and religious expressions. We as Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) people are of the same essence and therefore can, and must, be fed and nourished by one another. Akwaaba (welcome), to all Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans) of good and sound intentions. View the trailer and support our crowdfunding effort for our documentary film: Our upcoming second annual ODWIRAMAN - Purified Nation of Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans) in the West Conference Saturday, June 24th in Washington, DC. See our ODWIRAMAN AFAHYE page for details. Latest Book Releases - Click on images above to for the e-books and soft-cover versions Our Publications and Services: We have numerous written, audio and video publications. Below are links to our NHOMA (publications) page where you can download our free e-books and purchase their soft-cover versions, our MFONIKEKA (video) youtube channel link for numerous videos wherein we examine our various publications in detail, our GUAMU KASA (public speaking) page for information on our upcoming lectures, workshops, live internet tv broadcasts and travel schedule, our ODWIRA link to our blogtalkradio show, our ODWIRAMAN - Purifed Nation Network link to our social network wherein you can join, create a profile and interact with other Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans) of like minds and our ADESUA self-study curriculum and communal-study and reintegration curriculum. Our FEKUW page is for those who are interested in forming and/or participating in Nanasom Fekuw - Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestral Religion Study-Groups We have our OKOM link describing our Economic Development Model for the community support of 52 Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) businesses over the next 52 weeks. We have our AKONGUASUA link describing our institution as well as our fundraising initiative to acquire a physical space for our institution - AKONGUASUA DAN - Center of Learning, Healing, Training, Employment and Entrepreneurship. We also have our OBARIMA - Afurakani (African) Manhood Training-Workshop Initiative providing free copies of our book OBARIMA - Afurakani Manhood, free training-workshops based on the book and our entrepreneurship program to transform the lives of Afurakani (African) young men and adults wherever we are in the country. We have our ODWIRAMAN link to our publication and 7-part broadcast archive on the nature of the unique identity of Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans~Black People) in the West - the Purified Nation - and how we must work as a unique collective towards Amansesew - Nationbuilding/Restoration. We also have our KOKOBO MOVEMENT - Eradicating dissexuality/homosexuality from the Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African~Black) Community through Ancestral Religion, providing free copies of our book KOKOBO and free workshops based on the book to empower the community. See information on our three annual events HOODOO MAYN: Hoodoo Nation Festival in October, AKYISAN: Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Ancestral Religious Reversion Conference in March and our ODWIRAMAN AFAHYE: Purified Nation of Afurakanu/Afuraitkaitnut (Africans~Black People) in the Western Hemisphere Conference-Festival - AMANNE: Nationism - Purification of Nationalism in June: Our Economic Development Model where we 'Starve the Beast' and reallocate those funds to support Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African~Black) businesses, organizations and institutions - 1 business per week for the next 52 weeks Below, our publications and services are arranged in order, step-by-step, for ADESUA - Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit (African) Self-Study and Afurakani/Afuraitkaitnit Communal Study and Re-Integration. Browse through the list to learn of our various free publications and services, including the highlighted links "New Articles and Links", then return to the first link in the self-study process and begin with KUKUU-TUNTUM - The Ancestral Jurisdiction.

Simile NDEs.(There are so many claims that NDEs can be caused by drugs, or brain stimulation, that the issue has become confused. I am including these simile experiences to indicate like-NDEs happen without any drugs or brain stimulation. Real NDEs, where clinical death occurs, can not be reproduced by drugs or brain stimulation. Knowledgeable NDE researchers agree, drugs or brain stimulation can not cause NDEs.) I had an NDE (with a difference?) a fortnight ago, and since then have been scouring the Internet for info on anyone who has had a similar experience. I'm still shaken by it, and can do without anyone deriding it. Until it's happened to you, you might be sceptical, and I do appreciate that to some extent, but believe me I wouldn't go to the trouble of typing all this in if it wasn't genuine! I'm just hoping that maybe someone can draw a parallel -- or even just offer their opinion on what the experience is meant to signify. I've seen a few message boards, but thought I would post here first, although I don't know how widespread the newsgroup is. By the way, I've never taken any mind-influencing substances of any description! I'll try to condense it. I was asleep and suddenly felt a flashback of key events that had happened in my life, right from a very young age. I remember "re-living" certain experiences (eg: starting school), even things I'd long forgotten. I remember feeling the same happiness, sadness, excitement, shock that I felt first time around. None of the incidents centered on family or relatives, strangely, but on how the events affected me (sporting achievements, receiving shocking news about certain things, moving home, etc.), thru adolesence, thru adulthood. Then I was walking off a road near to where I live (nothing special about it -- don't know why that road) down into a bright valley. I was walking with a "faceless" woman at my side, who's presence felt just.... "right" (for want of a better word!) I started to feel the most unbelievable euphoria, happiness and contentment you cannot imagine. Honestly, it was totally indescribable. The scenery was pleasant countryside, with a small village in the valley bottom, made of dozens of tiny hump-backed bridges and little houses and shops that looked "Dickensian" almost. My "guide" was leading me, hearing all my questions ("what's happening here? who are those people?" and so on) but always answering the same way -- that they had their business to do, I had mine, and I should not worry about them. They were pale, again, without faces I can picture, but bustling around and did not seem to be in distress or trouble. Yet nor did they seem to be as excited as me. There was re-living of a couple of incidents which were intensely personal, and which I regret now, but I don't need to detail them here. All of a sudden it was time to climb out of the valley with my guide, and though she was not touching me I nonethless felt many pairs of comforting arms around my back (though there was nobody there). Comfort in addition to the supreme joy. I recall my saying over and over "I don't want to go yet. I want to stay here". Voices around me (not just from my guide) were saying "You have to go. Just be patient. Later. Later. Patience. One day". I awoke suddenly, and for the next 30 seconds I could still feel the utter bliss and could hardly breathe, I was so happy. I was looking at my clock, evaluating what the time was and trying to work out if I should get up for work yet, but so happy that I didn't really care. Then the feeling faded in seconds and I caught my breath. The images were still right in my head though, (and the fact I can still picture certain aspects now, shows how strong they were). No way did I think "That was a fantastic dream". Not for a second. It went far beyond a dream. The feeling had not been exciting in a sexual way or anything like that, just a feeling of "This is the whole point of existing", if that makes sense to anyone. I had no-one at home to confide in, but after I'd managed to get dressed, I went around to my neighbour, still shaking. I could tell half of her thought "great dream", but later she started to open up and admit it must have been something out of the normal to get me in such a state. She is religious and wondered if I'd been given an insight into the afterlife -- and if so, I should be grateful, she said. Re: my state of mind. I should mention that I had gone to bed as normal. I have not been recently thinking about life and death, or worrying about anything I assure you. I've never feared death (but just want it to be painless, when it comes!) The voices saying it wasn't my time yet made me think "NDE?" hence my frantic research since. Nearly everyone else mentions being near death (medically). I wasn't. There was no "looking down on my body". There was no "white light", yet my guide had a glow around her. There was absolutely no "tunnel". There were no "relatives waiting to meet me". There was a flashback sequence though, and there was this joy unknown to everyone else, though, and that's why I am treating this as much more than a "dream". My feelings now? More annoyance than trepidation. It hasn't "proved" anything for me about death. It's got me asking "What am I supposed to deduce from this? God (or whatever) shouldn't give me a sign of anything unless it's obvious what it is!" And anger that I want to feel that feeling again, too soon! --Anon Makes perfect sense to me. You had a mystical experience, just like the ones you've probably read about in the Bible. I had one when I was 12- 14 and it changed my life. For a long time, NDE's were the only experience I could find that even approached what I'd experienced. As I got older, I eventually learned that I'd had a mystical experience, which can be a lot like a NDE, but not exactly the same. I also learned that they're a lot more common than you'd ever guess. Few people ever open up and talk about them, so it's like the question you hear kids ask when they hear the stories about God and angels, visions and voices, in the Bible -- which is why don't people today have those experiences? Well, they do. They just don't talk about it. And because society doesn't accept that sort of thing, they have no way to assimilate them into their life. It confuses them more than inspires them. In any case, when I was young and terribly unhappy (suicidal), I was lying on my bed asking God for the millionth time why my life was so painful. Suddenly the room disappeared, and while I knew I was still lying on my bed, my awareness was lifted up and expanded until I not only could experience all of existence, I became one with it. To say that it was breath taking would be a enormous understatement. Like you, I knew during the experience that "This is the whole point of existing". The one thing that hit me so strongly afterwards that I kept repeating it for days was, "Everything is made out of Love, because everything is made out of God, and God "is" Love. But, if that's true, then why is the world so devoid of Love?" I've spent my life searching for the answer to that question, and as Robert Frost said in "The Road Less Taken," it's made all the difference! dg - "Keep an open mind, not a blank one."

Some senators expressed shock — while others reacted cautiously — to a report Monday evening alleging that President Donald Trump revealed highly classified information about Islamic State plots gleaned by a U.S. ally to senior Russian officials. Senators react with alarm, caution to report that Trump revealed classified info WASHINGTON — Some senators expressed shock — while others reacted cautiously — to a report Monday evening alleging that President Donald Trump revealed highly classified information about Islamic State plots gleaned by a U.S. ally to senior Russian officials. The Washington Post reported in an article Monday evening that Trump appeared to be boasting about receiving “great intel” when he allegedly made the disclosure in the Oval Office, which the ally had not cleared American officials to share. The White House, however, is denying that he did. “Obviously, if the allegations are true, that would be very, very troubling,” said Senate Foreign Relations Chairman Bob Corker, R-Tenn. “To compromise a source is something that you just don’t do, and that’s why we keep the information that we get from intelligence sources so close is to prevent that from happening.” Other senators were more measured, however. “We just have an initial report, so it’s very difficult to comment until we get all facts. I’m not going jump to any conclusion until we get all the facts, as much as I trust The Washington Post,” Senate Armed Services Chairman John McCain, R-Ariz., said. Fellow national security hawk Sen. Lindsey Graham also is waiting for further information. “I don’t know if it’s accurate or not. If it’s accurate, it’d be troubling,” the South Carolina Republican said. 2 young men killed as chaos erupts in western Venezuela CARACAS, Venezuela — Chaos erupted in western Venezuela during another round of protests against the socialist government, with buildings set afire, tear gas swirling around protesters and at least two people killed. A grisly video purporting to show the final moments of one man left dead in the turmoil capped Monday's unrest as a morning of initially peaceful demonstrations turned violent outside Caracas, with two deaths reported at separate demonstrations in Tachira, a mountainous state bordering Colombia. In the video, a crowd surrounds a man identified as Diego Hernandez, 33, lying lifeless on the pavement, his eyes wide open. A bystander rips open his blue T-shirt, revealing a bloody wound underneath. Authorities in Tachira said the second man killed was Luis Alviarez, 18, who died from a bullet wound in the thorax. Man holding human head stabs store clerk; mother found dead ESTACADA, Ore. — A man killed his mother on Mother's Day at a rural Oregon home, then showed up at a grocery store in a nearby town carrying a decapitated human head and began stabbing a checkout clerk before being subdued, authorities said Monday. Officers determined the head the man was carrying belonged to his mother, the Sandy Police Department said. An autopsy was underway Monday on the body of Tina Marie Webb, 59, the same day that her son, 36-year-old Joshua Lee Webb, was booked on charges of murder and attempted murder in the case. He has not yet made a court appearance. 'This is a democracy': Int'l court may be next for Duterte MANILA, Philippines — Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte acknowledged Tuesday that allegations he induced extrajudicial killings in his war on drugs could be raised to the International Criminal Court after an impeachment case failed in the House of Representatives. "Yeah, he can go ahead. He is free to do it. This is a democracy," Duterte said in reaction to a lawmaker saying he was considering bringing a case against the Philippine leader to the court in The Hague, Netherlands. The impeachment complaint killed by a House committee Monday accused Duterte of multiple murders and crimes against humanity for adopting a state policy of inducing police and vigilantes into killing more than 8,000 suspected drug users and dealers outside the rule of law. The complaint also accused him of corruption, unexplained wealth, and taking a "defeatist stand" against China's in the territorial row in the South China Sea. "It is true that there are deaths — is there a drug war where no one is killed?" Duterte said. "But not in the character and kind that I was dished out, including ordering the killing of a child."

It was a hot summer day, and the old courthouse was just as hot. The air was thick and humid, and the jury was having a hard time staying focused. One of the jurors succumbed to the heat, falling asleep just as the victim was being questioned by the prosecutor. "The defendant is accused of making obscene phone calls to your home. Would you please tell the jury precisely what the defendant said when he called you," asked the prosecutor. "I can't do that," the victim replied. "It was so crude and disgusting. I can't use language like that." "Would it help to just write it down?" The victim wrote out every detail of what the obscene caller had said, and passed the note to the judge . The judge read the note. It was then passed to the prosecutor, the defense attorney, and finally to the jury. juror was seated at the back corner of the jury box, and was the last to receive the note. He was awoken with a nudge from an attractive young juror, seated next to him, and she passed him the note. He read it, gazed in awe at the woman, and read it again. He turned to her, smiling broadly, and winked. He then put the note into his pocket. The judge demanded, "Please pass that note to the bailiff." "But your honor," the juror protested, "It's a private matter."