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Masland Residential Carpet Warranty Information Please visit Masland Residential Carpet to see full collection. Flooring is just like any other investment; it needs to be taken care of, maintained and regularly serviced for the best experience and long life. For the best possible performance vacuum regularly and in heavy traffic areas more often. Maintaining warranty coverage IS THE CUSTOMER OBLIGATION AND responsibility to do the following: • Clean spills and or soiled areas promptly. • If the problem persists after do-it-yourself cleaning, then your carpet must be professionally cleaned (at your expense; maintenance cost are not reimbursed under any circumstances). • If the issue is not resolved after professional cleaning, contact the Masland Customer CARE within 30 days of the professional cleaning. • To qualify for coverage under all limited warranties outlined in this warranty brochure, you must have had hot water extraction cleaning (aka steam cleaning) performed by a trained, qualified carpet care professional, at least as frequently as every 18 months from the date of your carpet purchase. Please save receipts for proof. • FAILING TO HAVE YOUR CARPET PROFESSIONALLY CLEANED VOIDS ALL WARRANTY COVERAGES. • To learn more about carpet care or to get cleaning tips on specific stains, please visit https://carpetrug.org/carpet-for-homes/cleaning-and-maintenance/ Carpet & Rug Institute (Carpet-rug.org), several other independent agencies and the flooring industry have established standards for various carpet performances. For the purpose of all warranties, the following definitions shall apply: 1. For determining anti-static warranty claim, AATCC (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, Research Triangle Park, NC) Test Method 134 shall apply. Per established standards, your carpet will not generate static greater than 5.0 kilovolts. 2. Minimum Carpet Cushion requirements (aka padding): a) Canada: Carpet must be installed over cushion that meets all the minimum parameters as per CGSB (4) Standard 20-GP-23M entitled “Standard for Cushion, Carpet, Flexible Polymeric Material.” This standard sets minimum requirements for carpet cushion density (kg/m3), thickness (mm), and other physical characteristics, which determine performance. We recommend minimum of 7/16 inch (1.11 CM) thickness and 8 lb. (3.628 kg.) weight. b) The U.S.: carpet must be installed over cushion that meets the HUD UM 72a, Class 1 standards. This certification sets minimum requirements for carpet cushion density (lbs./ft3), thickness (in.), weight (oz./sq. yd.), and other physical characteristics which determine performance. We recommend minimum of 7/16 Inch thickness and 8 Lb. weight. 3. Texture retention is defined as the fiber’s ability to maintain its tufts. See the Carpet & Rug Institute Standard 20-GP-23M and is measured by using an international standardized rating scale. Carpets made with EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions, EnVision® Nylon & DuraSilk® fibers have unique ability to retain their visible shape and not burst, bloom, open or lose their twist with normal household traffic. This warranty is limited to loss of texture from foot traffic, resulting in tufts bursting, blooming, opening or losing their twist which cannot be corrected. 4. Abrasive wear of a carpet is defined as fiber loss due to abrasion. All EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions, EnVision® Nylon & DuraSilk® carpets are made with the utmost care and consequently shall not lose more than 10% of its face weight during the term of this warranty. Carpet & Rug Institute Standard 20-GP-23M defines the specifics of this warranty. 5. Fade resistance is defined as color change from natural contaminants and exposure to sunlight. AATCC Gray Scale criterion shall determine the claim obligations. Fade warranty is ONLY applicable to carpets made with EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions & DuraSilk® fibers. 6. Lifetime: Is defined as the life of the carpet and as long as you own it. All these warranties are only applicable to owner occupied homes. Commercial properties, offices, rental homes, vacation homes and time-share homes are excluded from these warranties. 7. Transferability: All warranties are transferable in the event you sell your home. You must provide cleaning proof as applicable before the new owner will receive warranty transfer letter from Masland. 8. Professional cleaner: For the purpose of warranty and claims, professional cleaner refers to a legitimate business, trained in the profession and has the truck mounted hot water extraction (aka steam cleaning) cleaning equipment in working condition. 9. Limited Warranties: For the purpose of warranty and claims, “limited warranty” is limited to replacement of like kind carpet, per these warranty terms and conditions and no punitive or pain and suffering damages are warranted. 10.Warranty is a legal and binding agreement: By purchasing the products covered under these warranties, you agree to all terms and conditions listed in this guide. No verbal and or implied warranty is applicable. If you have fulfilled all your maintenance obligations, Masland will repair and or replace the affected areas in compliance and accordance with above industry standards and definitions. If a reasonable repair is not possible, Masland will replace the affected area. Notes: Warranties effective January 01, 2022. All warranties are transferable. *Proration means % of cost during the warranty period for use of product; see proration table for details. Failing to steam clean your carpet a minimum of once every 18 months from the date of purchase voids all warranties. Cleaning & Maintenance tips: https://carpet-rug.org/carpetforhomes/cleaning-and-maintenance/ . GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS: • All warranties are effective on purchases made on January 01, 2022 or later. Only first quality carpet, which meets our construction and performance specifications, is covered under these limited warranties. • These limited warranties apply to all EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions, EnVision® Nylon & DuraSilk® carpet products purchased in Canada and the USA and installed in the owner occupied space in an owner occupied residence. Commercial properties, offices, rental homes, timeshare dwellings, motorhomes (RVs), and houseboats are specifically excluded. • All warranties exclude hallways and stairs. • All warranties are deemed null and void if the carpet is removed from the original place of installation. • All warranty coverage is transferable to subsequent owner-occupiers only in owner occupied residences. The original homeowner must contact our Masland Customer CARE to provide original receipts documenting the carpet purchase and proof that the carpet has been maintained every 18 months, using the hot water extraction cleaning method, since the original carpet purchase date. This documentation must be provided within sixty (60) days of the home sale. Masland will then provide the new homeowner with a written authorization transferring the remaining warranty coverage. • These limited warranties exclude wick back. Wick back is a condition of stain reappearing after cleaning. It may be caused by poor cleaning or by the type of cushion installed under the carpet. • These limited warranties also exclude abnormal use or conditions, any type of abuse, vandalism, extreme pet conditions or damage by smoke, fire, storm, flood, hurricane, wind, lightning, any other natural disasters, or any acts of God. “Commercial use” includes, but is not limited to use in a store, office or other place of business. “Abnormal use or conditions” include, but are not limited to water damage from plumbing, storm or flood, damage from smoke or fire, damage from improper cleaning methods or materials, and from improper maintenance. These warranties do not cover problems caused by wetting or persistence of excessive moisture. “Abuse” is any use of the carpet that is unreasonable considering the normal and expected uses of a carpet in a residence. • These limited warranties exclude damage resulting in tears, pulls, cuts, pilling, shredding, burns, cornrowing, fuzzing, matting, crushing, shading, fading (except as defined fade resistance of EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions & DuraSilk® carpets), pile reversal. Improper installation or defective construction are also excluded. Damage caused by pets such as lingering odors, color change caused by pet vomit or feces, carpet loop or tuft snags and pulls or damage from extreme moisture are excluded. • If Masland determines that your claim is covered under one or more of the limited warranties, at its sole option, Masland will determine to repair the affected area of your carpet, or, if repair cannot reasonably be made, will determine to replace the affected area of carpet. • For wall-to-wall carpet, any repair or replacement under these limited warranties will be made by Masland and will be limited to the affected area of the carpet (and adjacent areas extending to the nearest wall, doorway or entrance). If replacement is necessary, the limited warranty may cover the removal and disposal of the original carpet and the cost and installation of the comparable replacement carpet based on what warranty is applicable. Labor costs are removal and disposal of your original EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions, EnVision® Nylon & DuraSilk® carpet and installation of the replacement carpet. Any other labor charges, costs for moving furniture, equipment or baseboards, costs associated with new carpet cushion or other charges are your responsibility and will not be paid by Masland. • Replaced carpet will continue full coverage effective from the original date of purchase. • If an identical carpet is not available, an EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions, EnVision® Nylon & DuraSilk® carpet of comparable quality and value must be selected. Comparability in carpet specifications is determined by Masland. If a less expensive carpet is chosen, the difference will not be refunded or applied to the claim to cover padding or furniture moving. Customer is responsible for all upgrade costs. • If you qualify for replacement, you must reasonably cooperate with Masland in its efforts to perform its obligations under these limited warranties. • Cash refunds are not offered or entertained under any circumstances. THE FOLLOWING APPLIES TO ALL OF THE WARRANTIES INCLUDED IN THIS BROCHURE: LIMITATIONS: YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY UNDER THIS LIMITED WARRANTY SHALL EQUAL THE COST OF REPLACEMENT PRODUCT FOR THE PORTION OF THE CARPET THAT DOES NOT CONFORM TO THE WARRANTY AND LABOR COSTS FOR SUCH REPAIR, AS PROVIDED HEREIN. MASLAND SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OR EXPENSES, OR FOR LOST OR PROSPECTIVE PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE PURCHASE OR USE OF THE ENVISIONSD™ PET SOLUTIONS, ENVISION® NYLON & DURASILK® CARPETS OR RESULTING FROM THE BREACH OF THIS LIMITED WARRANTY. IN NO EVENT SHALL MASLAND’S CUMULATIVE LIABILITY EXCEED THE COST OF REPLACEMENT PRODUCT FOR THE PORTION OF THE CARPET THAT DOES NOT CONFORM TO THE WARRANTY AND LABOR COSTS FOR SUCH REPAIR. THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES THAT EXTEND BEYOND THE DESCRIPTION ON THE FACE OF THIS BROCHURE. TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE EXCLUDED. NOTICE OF ARBITRATION AGREEMENT: All warranties, acceptance thereof and this agreement provides that BINDING ARBITRATION by American Arbitration Association (AAA) will resolve all disputes between you (customer) and Masland. By purchasing, the EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions, EnVision® Nylon & DuraSilk® products and accepting all warranties you specifically and unequivocally denounce your right to go to any court anywhere these products are sold. A NEUTRAL ARBITRATOR and NOT a judge or jury will determine rights of all parties. You may obtain copies of the rules, forms and instructions for initiating and conducting arbitration by contacting American Arbitration Association (AAA), Case Filing Services, 1101 Laurel Oak Road, Ste. 100 Voorhees, NJ 08043. Toll free number: 877-495-4185 / Fax number: 877-304-8457 - Email: [email protected] or www.adr.org FILING A CLAIM: If you have an issue with your carpet and believe it is covered by one or more of the limited warranties outlined in this guide, you must file a claim by contacting Masland Customer CARE department. Information listed at the bottom of the last page. When you call, you will be asked to provide the following: • An explanation of the carpet issue and what caused it, the location of the carpet issue, and in what other rooms the carpet is currently installed. • When and where the carpet was purchased, including the retailer’s telephone number. • The carpet style name and style number, type of cushion purchased. • Square feet/yards purchased and proof of professional cleaning(s). • Pictures of the area showing warranty issues. • At its own discretion, Masland may request an independent third party inspection. If your carpet issue is determined to be covered by one of the limited warranties, you will be asked to provide the original sales receipt or other documentation acceptable to Masland CARE team. Proof documents must include but not limited to, original purchase invoice, and installation of an EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions, EnVision® Nylon & DuraSilk® carpet and of carpet cushion that meets the requirements noted under the Texture Retention Limited Warranty. The documentation must include carpet name and style information. You must also provide all related professional cleaning receipts with service dates. Please note that Masland will not reimburse you for your costs of professional cleaning. We reserve the right to request a small piece (6” X 6”) of carpet and cushion. TWO YEARS MANUFACTURING DEFECTS WARRANTY: Masland warrants that all EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions, EnVision® Nylon & DuraSilk® first quality carpet products are inspected to be without any customary material or workmanship defects. If within two years any customary manufacturing defect is discovered, at its sole option and discretion, Masland shall repair the affected area of your carpet. If it is determined by Masland that carpet is beyond repair, Masland will replace the affected area of your carpet. LIFETIME STAIN RESISTANCE LIMITED WARRANTY (Pet urine; food & beverage): For the Warranty Period stated, the surface pile of your EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions, EnVision® Nylon & DuraSilk® carpet will resist foods, beverages, and pet urine stains (caused by pets) that occur during normal residential use (“covered stains”). Coverage is subject to your compliance with the carpet care, cleaning obligations, including professional cleaning, stipulated herein. At its sole option, and discretion, Masland shall repair the affected area of your carpet containing the covered stain. If Masland determines that carpet is beyond repair, Masland will replace the affected area of your carpet. No carpet is fully stain proof. Therefore, Masland does not extend warranty coverage to any of the substances or causes of damage identified below (“non-covered stains”). The following are examples of non-covered stains excluded from this limited warranty: • Non-food and non-beverage stains caused by substances, including, but not limited to cosmetics, bleaches, inks, vomit, medications, blood or feces, etc. (See lifetime pet vomit and feces limited warranty section.) • Stains caused by substances that destroy or change the color of the carpet, including, for example, but not limited to, stains caused by dyes (such as clothing or food coloring), bleaches, acne medications, drain cleaners, and plant food or color changes due to fading. • These warranties do not cover the reappearance of previously cleaned stains (“wicking”). Wicking occurs when stains that have been concealed in the carpet backing or cushion reappear during additional re-cleaning. LIFETIME SOIL RESISTANCE LIMITED WARRANTY: Over time, any carpet may change color due to the accumulation of dry soil from foot traffic. Masland warrants that for the stated Warranty Period, subject to your compliance with the recommended carpet care and cleaning procedures, your carpet will not have a “noticeable color change” due to deposits of dry soil because of foot traffic from normal, indoor household use. For warranty purposes, atmospheric soil (dust) is covered, mud from outside is not considered soil. • If, after following the recommended carpet care and cleaning procedures (including professional cleaning), Masland determines that the noticeable color change is covered under this limited warranty, at its sole option, Masland will repair the affected area of your carpet. If repair cannot reasonably be made, Masland will replace the affected area of your carpet. Excluded from this limited warranty are the color changes from substances mentioned below: Grease, mud, asphalt, tar, paints, ink, rust, blood, cement, materials that permanently destroy, dyes or alter colors (such as bleaches, acne medications, drain cleaners and plant food), urine, feces, vomit, matting, crushing, appearance or color changes due to burns, pets, tears, cuts, pulls, shading or pile reversal, snags, fading, furniture depressions or athletic equipment. LIFETIME ANTI-STATIC LIMITED WARRANTY: For the expected life of your carpet, it will not generate static greater than 5.0 kilovolts (using AATCC Test Method 134). If Masland determines that your carpet does not meet this anti-static limited warranty, Masland will repair your carpet. If a repair cannot be reasonably made, Masland will replace the affected area. ALL PETS AND ALL PET STAINS, INCLUDING PET VOMIT AND FECES ARE COVERED UNDER LIFETIME LIMITED WARRANTY ON CARPETS MADE OF ENVISIONSD™ PET SOLUTIONS FIBERS. It is warranted that with proper care and maintenance (including professional cleaning), your EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions carpet will not be permanently stained from exposure to pet vomit and feces. This warranty coverage applies to indoor carpet installations only. If it is determined that your carpet is stained, Masland at its sole option will repair or replace the affected area of your carpet and will cover labor of such claims per the Terms and Conditions set herein. TEXTURE RETENTION LIMITED WARRANTY: During the applicable Warranty Period, the surface pile of your carpet when installed over prescribed carpet cushion, meeting the standards described under definitions section herein, will not, under normal residential use, show a significant loss of carpet pile texture from the carpet tufts bursting, blooming, opening or losing their twist. If Masland determines that your carpet’s texture rating is below the minimum standards for the reasons described above, Masland will, at its sole option, repair or replace the affected area of the carpet. This limited warranty specifically excludes damage from pets or such things as tears, pulls, cuts, pilling, burns, furniture coasters, athletic equipment, snags, vacuum marks or heavy wheeled devices. Changes in appearance caused by matting, crushing, soiling, shading or pile reversal, cornrowing, fading, delamination and rippling or furniture depressions are also specifically excluded. ABRASIVE WEAR LIMITED WARRANTY: During the applicable Warranty Period, your carpet will not incur fiber loss from Abrasive Wear by more than 10% of its face weight in any area as defined in definitions section. If Masland determines that your carpet has incurred fiber loss from Abrasive Wear, at its option, Masland will repair or replace the affected areas of your carpet. FADE RESISTANCE LIMITED WARRANTY for EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions & DuraSilk™ carpets: With proper care and maintenance, your EnVisionSD™ Pet Solutions & DuraSilk™ carpets will not fade from exposure to sunlight or atmospheric contaminates (Ozone or Oxides of Nitrogen). This warranty coverage applies to indoor carpet installations only. • If per definitions Section herein, Masland determines that the noticeable color change due to sunlight or atmospheric contaminants exceeds the definition, at its option, Masland will repair or replace the affected area of your carpet and will handle such claims per the Terms and Conditions. The following are some examples of exclusions from this limited fade resistance warranty: Gradual fading or changes in color over time from: • Cleaning agents, benzoyl peroxide and other household items. • Air purifiers, photocopiers or other electronic equipment. • Equipment that emits significant amounts of ozone. • Resulting from external causes, such as spills of household chemicals, improper cleaning and other nonfood and non-beverage substances. • Noticeable color change due to accumulation of dry soil because of foot traffic from normal, indoor household use. Masland eNeRGy Broadloom Warranty Masland offers this 10-year warranty to cover our broadloom product offerings, including Woven Polypropylene, Woven Polypropylene with Unitary, Envirocel, Cushion Plus, Hardwear 24, and Hardwear Plus. The 10-year performance warranty applies to glue down and stretch-in installations that includes a standard 2-year manufacturing warranty. This warranty protects only the end-user against manufacturing and performance defects. The length of time covered by the warranty is for 10 years from the original invoice date under the following conditions: (1) The product is installed by a Masland authorized installation professionals in accordance with the CRI 104 Commercial Carpet Installation Standards. current installation specifications; (2) The product is maintained in accordance with the Masland Care recommendations. The standard 2-year limited warranty, as stated in the Masland Terms and Conditions shall be in effect if these procedures are not followed. TUFT BIND / EDGE RAVEL /WEAR: Tuft bind strengths will be consistent with acceptable industry standards and product will not fail to perform due to tuft bind deficiencies under normal use. Broadloom carpet will not fail by showing yarn pulls, or edge ravel under normal conditions. Masland warrants that carpet will not lose more than 10% of their face fibers within 10 years if installed and maintained according to care recommendations. BACKING INTEGRITY / DELAMINATION RESILIENCE: Under normal use, broadloom carpet will test at or exceed the 2.5 lbs. per square inch standard as defined by ASTM D3936 in reference to delamination. High performance cushion backing will maintain its resilience within accepted industry standards. Broadloom carpet will generate less than a maximum rating of 450 specific optical densities for smoke when tested in accordance with ASTM Test Method E-662 (NFPA 258). Broadloom carpet will prevent static buildup in excess of 3.5 kV when tested under the standard AATCC test method. Broadloom carpet is appropriately classified under all applicable fire codes for the specified end use as tested under Test Method ASTM E-648. This warranty does not cover carpet appearance issues, damage to the carpet, or installation issues that are not the result of a manufacturing defect. Examples, without limitations, include: 1. Failure to follow proper Masland care recommendations 2. Failure to follow proper CRI/Masland installation specifications 3. Failure to use chair pads under roller caster chairs 4. Carpet installed on stairs 5. Tears, burns, pulls, or cuts that are not manufacturing defects 6. Outdoor installation or use other than conventional floor covering 7. Abnormal use or abuse (roller skates, golf spikes, ski boots, etc.) 8. Use of improper cleaning agents or maintenance methods as defined by the Masland cleaning/maintenance guide 9. Damage due to unsatisfactory transit or improper storage 10. Fading due to exposure to excessive sunlight or other lighting, or environmental conditions including ozone fade 11. Acts of God If the broadloom product fails to perform as stated above, Masland will resolve the issue at its discretion to conform to the warranty. At no charge for labor, materials, or freight, Masland will perform the following corrective actions: (1) Repair the affected area or; (2) Replace the affected area with same product or comparable product or; (3) Refund the full purchase price of the product that is affected if replacement is not possible or practical. It shall be at Masland’s sole discretion and determination as to which corrective action(s) should be taken. The liability is limited to repair, replace, or refund and does not include the cost of moving furniture, partitions, or equipment placed over the carpet subsequent to the completion of the original installation. For any legitimate claim made against this warranty within two years of the installation, Masland will bear the cost of repair, replacement, or refund as needed to satisfy the warranty. For any legitimate claim made against this warranty after two years from the invoice date, Masland will bear a prorated portion, using a ten-year life cycle, of the cost of repair, replacement, or refund as needed to satisfy the warranty. This warranty is subject to the following proration schedule: 95% in year 3, 90% in year 4, 80% in year 5, 70% in year 6, 60% in year 7, 50% in year 8, 40% in year 9, and 30% in year 10. Incidental and consequential damages are not the responsibility of Masland, and, to the extent permitted by law, are hereby excluded as to both property damage and personal injury. **This warranty works in conjunction with Universal Yarn systems warranties where applicable. NOTIFICATION OF CLAIMS AGAINST WARRANTY: All claims under this warranty must be submitted in writing to: Masland, 400 Princeton Blvd., Adairsville, GA 30103 OBLIGATIONS OF WARRANTOR: Masland will, within ten working days of receipt of claim, designate a representative to inspect the standard performance and evaluate the warranty claim. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES: The Manufacturer warrants solely the Manufacturing Defects set forth in this warranty. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED HEREIN, THE MANUFACTURER’S GOODS ARE SOLD WITHOUT WARRANTY. THE MANUFACTURER EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. These warranties apply only in the United States and Canada.
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In this article: We’ll look at some of the best Bookshelf Speakers on the market today for your home audio and home theater. We’ll walk through some of their key features that we think are important, what makes them great along with quick pros and cons. Bookshelf Speakers may not have the size or power handling of tower speakers, but don’t let size fool you. Over the past decade in particular, technology and feature enhancements have made bookshelf speakers a great solution to achieve full sound and fidelity in your home theater and audio system. You really don’t need anything larger anymore. They’re a perfect solution for a surround sound system, 5.1 or even a great component as a part of a larger 7.1 system – you can use bookshelf speakers as your surrounds or your mains. What’s nice about bookshelf speakers though is that they’re much more flexible to install and provide you with more options for optimal placement. You can put them on stands, hang them from your walls or place them on bookshelves. And unlike quick solution home audio speakers, high-end bookshelf speakers bring high quality and flexible music to your home theater or stereo. They have clarity, depth and fullness that most soundbars and out-of-the box systems aren’t able to achieve. What to Look For in a Bookshelf Speaker Bookshelf speakers will play a huge role in your surround sound system. But before you browse through our list of our best picks, there are a few things you should consider. When you’re comparing and choosing the right speaker for you, you should always look at things like: Drivers: Drivers are the component of a bookshelf speaker that are responsible for making sound. Most bookshelf speakers come with a combination of different sized drivers. This includes a high-frequency driver (aka tweeter), mid-frequency driver and low-frequency driver to capture all ranges of sound from a single unit. You can typically tell how many drivers there are by looking at whether it’s a 2-way, 3-way, 4-way and so on. Where 2-way speakers are comprised of 2 drivers, 3-way have 3 drivers, etc. Generally, the larger the drivers, the better it’s able to reproduce bass and low-frequencies. Vice versa, the smaller the driver the better it is able to reproduce higher frequencies. Finding a top rated bookshelf speaker that has a combination of drivers to reproduce a full range of frequencies is really important. Design: Design plays a role in your decision but for two reasons. 1) Looks – the look of the speaker needs to match the style you want. But there’s also design with respect to 2) Performance. The design of the bookshelf speaker and enclosure has a dramatic effect on the sound too. There are two mainstream types of enclosure designs: Bass-reflex and Sealed. Bass-reflex use the inside and rear movement of the low-frequency driver to create bass. This sound projects through a bass-reflex port. Bass-reflex designs typically create heavier and more responsive bass than Sealed. Sealed enclosures use the front movement of the low-frequency driver to create bass. They don’t have a port. Also, larger bookshelf speakers typically will have a larger driver that can produce heavier and fuller bass. Household Audio’s Top 5 Bookshelf Speakers in 2023 Best Overall Bookshelf Speaker KEF LS50 Quick Review The KEF LS50 Wireless is a groundbreaking pair of bookshelf speakers that have set new standards in the world of audio. Combining cutting-edge technology, innovative features, and outstanding design, these speakers redefine the home theater experience, delivering unmatched performance and convenience in a compact form. At the heart of the LS50 Wireless is its advanced technology, boasting a Uni-Q driver array that sets it apart from traditional speakers. KEF’s Uni-Q driver technology places the tweeter concentrically within the midrange driver, enabling the sound to emanate from a single point. This unique design results in a remarkably coherent and accurate sound reproduction, with impeccable timing and spatial accuracy. The Uni-Q array also widens the sweet spot, allowing listeners to experience the same detailed sound quality from various positions in the room. The LS50 Wireless is equipped with powerful and dedicated amplifiers, providing 230 watts to the woofer and 30 watts to the tweeter. The active design eliminates the need for external amplifiers and cabling, reducing clutter and simplifying the setup process. Additionally, it offers multiple connectivity options, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, USB, optical, and RCA inputs, making it compatible with a wide range of devices and sources. With built-in support for high-resolution audio formats, the LS50 Wireless is capable of reproducing studio-quality sound with breathtaking clarity and precision. A standout feature of these speakers is their intuitive control capabilities. The LS50 Wireless can be easily configured and fine-tuned using the dedicated KEF Control app, available for iOS and Android devices. The app allows users to adjust volume, select sources, customize sound profiles, and even perform room calibration using the integrated DSP (Digital Signal Processing). This ensures that the speakers adapt to the acoustic properties of the room, delivering an optimal listening experience. In terms of build quality, the LS50 Wireless exudes elegance and sturdiness. The speakers are available in a range of sophisticated finishes, including glossy white, matte black, and luxurious rose gold. The design is not just aesthetically pleasing but also acoustically optimized, with curved baffles to reduce diffraction and resonance. When it comes to sound performance, the KEF LS50 Wireless stands out from the crowd. The exceptional clarity, rich bass response, and precise imaging create an immersive audio experience that captivates the listener. From watching movies to listening to music, these speakers effortlessly reproduce intricate details and deliver powerful, room-filling sound. In conclusion, the KEF LS50 Wireless bookshelf speakers are an impressive amalgamation of technological innovation, convenience, and exquisite design. Their Uni-Q driver array, active amplification, versatile connectivity options, and user-friendly app control elevate them to a class of their own. Whether you are a discerning audiophile or a home theater enthusiast, the LS50 Wireless speakers promise to redefine your audio journey, offering a breathtaking and immersive experience that is nothing short of extraordinary. |79 – 28,000 Hz - Exceptional Sound Quality: The Uni-Q driver array and powerful amplifiers deliver precise, detailed, and immersive sound with a wide soundstage. - Easy Setup: The active design eliminates the need for external amplifiers and simplifies the setup process. Multiple connectivity options cater to various devices and sources. - Intuitive Control: The KEF Control app provides easy customization, room calibration, and control over various settings, enhancing the user experience. - Elegant Design: Available in sophisticated finishes, the LS50 Wireless boasts a modern and attractive design that complements any living space. - Compact and Versatile: Despite their size, the speakers produce robust and room-filling sound, suitable for both small and larger rooms. - Premium Price: The LS50 Wireless falls into the higher price range, making them a significant investment for some users. - Limited Expandability: Unlike traditional passive speakers, the built-in amplification limits the ability to upgrade individual components in the future. - Wi-Fi Connectivity: Some users have reported occasional connectivity issues with Wi-Fi, although Bluetooth and other connection options are available as alternatives. - Bass Extension: While the LS50 Wireless offers impressive bass for their size, those seeking deeper bass response may require a separate subwoofer. - App Dependency: The control and customization features are heavily reliant on the KEF Control app, which might be inconvenient for users who prefer a physical remote control. Best Bookshelf Speaker for Bass Bower & Wilkins 606 S2 Anniversary Edition Quick Review The Bowers & Wilkins 606 S2 Anniversary Edition stands as a testament to the brand’s commitment to audio excellence. As a part of their celebrated 600 Series, these bookshelf speakers are a nod to the company’s storied history while incorporating cutting-edge technology and enhancements. The result is a captivating audio experience that captivates both audiophiles and home theater enthusiasts alike. At the core of the 606 S2 Anniversary Edition’s brilliance lies its advanced technology. Bowers & Wilkins has equipped these speakers with a refined and upgraded Continuum cone driver. This proprietary driver technology is meticulously engineered to ensure accurate sound reproduction, offering a seamless and cohesive midrange response with reduced distortion. The Continuum cone delivers crystal-clear vocals and instruments, allowing listeners to immerse themselves in the subtleties of their favorite music or movie soundtracks. Additionally, the 606 S2 Anniversary Edition incorporates B&W’s signature Decoupled Double Dome tweeter. This technology separates the tweeter from the main cabinet, minimizing unwanted vibrations and resonance. The result is an airy and detailed high-frequency response that adds an extra layer of refinement to the overall sound presentation. These speakers also feature an optimized crossover design, further enhancing the integration between the drivers. The result is a smooth and natural transition from low to high frequencies, ensuring a cohesive and balanced soundstage. Whether it’s the delicate whisper of a flute or the thunderous rumble of an explosion, the 606 S2 Anniversary Edition handles every audio detail with precision and finesse. One of the key reasons why these speakers are highly regarded is their versatility. The 606 S2 Anniversary Edition is equally at home in a dedicated two-channel stereo setup or as part of a larger home theater system. Their compact size allows for easy placement on bookshelves, stands, or as part of a surround sound configuration. Moreover, the build quality of the 606 S2 Anniversary Edition is impeccable. The speakers are constructed using high-quality materials and craftsmanship, ensuring their durability and longevity. Available in classic finishes like matte black and satin white, the speakers exude elegance and seamlessly blend into any living space. In conclusion, the Bowers & Wilkins 606 S2 Anniversary Edition represents the pinnacle of audio refinement and engineering prowess. With its advanced Continuum cone and Decoupled Double Dome tweeter, these speakers deliver a mesmerizing audio experience that captures every nuance of the music or movie soundtrack. Their versatility, build quality, and timeless design make them an excellent choice for discerning audiophiles and home theater enthusiasts seeking uncompromising performance. Whether you’re a seasoned audiophile or an entry-level enthusiast, the Bowers & Wilkins 606 S2 Anniversary Edition will delight your senses and transform your listening experience into a sonic celebration. |Bowers & Wilkins |606 S2 Anniversary Edition |52 – 28,000 Hz - Precise and Refined Sound: The Continuum cone driver and Decoupled Double Dome tweeter offer accurate and detailed sound reproduction, providing a captivating audio experience. - Versatility: Suitable for both two-channel stereo setups and as part of a larger home theater system, making them adaptable to various audio setups. - Build Quality: Bowers & Wilkins’ craftsmanship ensures the speakers’ durability and longevity, delivering an investment in high-quality audio equipment. - Elegant Design: Available in classic finishes, the 606 S2 Anniversary Edition exudes sophistication and seamlessly complements any interior decor. - Seamless Integration: The optimized crossover design ensures a cohesive and balanced soundstage, delivering a smooth transition between frequencies. - Price: The Bowers & Wilkins 606 S2 Anniversary Edition falls into the higher price range, making them a premium investment for some buyers. - Room Size: Due to their compact size, the speakers may not provide the same room-filling sound as larger floor-standing speakers for larger spaces. - Amplification: These speakers require an external amplifier, which adds to the overall cost and setup complexity compared to active speakers. - Bass Response: While the 606 S2 Anniversary Edition offers impressive bass for their size, those seeking deeper bass may require a separate subwoofer. - Sensitivity: These speakers have a relatively lower sensitivity, meaning they may require more power from the amplifier to reach higher volume levels. Best Sound to Price Value Bookshelf Speakers ELAC Debut 2.0 B6.2 Quick Review The ELAC Debut 2.0 B6.2 bookshelf speakers have taken the audio world by storm, earning a reputation for delivering remarkable performance and value. As part of ELAC’s renowned Debut series, these speakers showcase advanced technology and innovative features that elevate the listening experience to new heights. The heart of the B6.2’s brilliance lies in its sophisticated technology. These speakers feature a custom-designed 6.5-inch aramid fiber woofer, meticulously engineered to deliver accurate and impactful bass. The aramid fiber material enhances the stiffness and damping of the cone, reducing distortion and delivering tight and well-defined bass response. From deep rumbling lows to punchy and dynamic mid-bass, the B6.2 excels in reproducing low-frequency content with astonishing precision. Adding to its sonic prowess is the custom-designed 1-inch cloth dome tweeter. With wide-dispersion characteristics, the tweeter ensures a smooth and detailed high-frequency response. The silk-like texture of the dome minimizes harshness, making the B6.2 ideal for extended listening sessions without listener fatigue. This thoughtful combination of drivers creates a balanced and natural sound signature that captivates audiophiles and casual listeners alike. The B6.2 also boasts a precisely tuned crossover that optimizes the blending of the woofer and tweeter. ELAC’s expertise in crossover design ensures a seamless integration between drivers, resulting in a coherent soundstage with clear vocals and instrument separation. The meticulous engineering is evident in every aspect of the speaker’s performance, delivering an impressive level of sonic refinement. Moreover, the B6.2 features a front-firing bass port that allows for flexible placement in a variety of environments. This design element reduces wall interaction, preventing unwanted bass coloration and ensuring consistent sound performance across different room setups. Despite its modest price, the ELAC Debut 2.0 B6.2 boasts a solid build quality and premium finish. The speakers are available in elegant black ash, making them a visually appealing addition to any home theater or listening room. The cabinets are constructed from MDF (Medium-Density Fiberboard), reducing resonance and vibration, thereby further enhancing the overall sound quality. One of the key reasons why the ELAC Debut 2.0 B6.2 stands out is its exceptional value proposition. These speakers offer an audio experience that surpasses their price point, making them an attractive choice for budget-conscious audiophiles and those new to the world of high-fidelity sound. The B6.2 demonstrates that outstanding audio performance can be accessible without breaking the bank. In conclusion, the ELAC Debut 2.0 B6.2 bookshelf speakers are a testament to ELAC’s commitment to audio excellence. Featuring advanced technology, meticulous engineering, and an attractive design, they deliver a captivating and immersive listening experience. The impressive bass response, smooth high-frequency reproduction, and coherent soundstage make the B6.2 an exceptional choice for discerning listeners seeking a high-value audio solution. Whether for music enthusiasts or home theater setups, the ELAC Debut 2.0 B6.2 effortlessly earns its place among the greats, redefining expectations in the world of bookshelf speakers. |Debut 2.0 B6.2 |44 – 35,000 Hz - Impressive Sound Quality: The custom-designed drivers and precisely tuned crossover deliver accurate and impactful bass, smooth high-frequency response, and a well-balanced sound signature. - Excellent Value: The B6.2 offers exceptional performance for its price, making it a standout choice for budget-conscious audiophiles and home theater enthusiasts. - Versatile Placement: The front-firing bass port allows for flexible speaker placement, reducing unwanted bass coloration and ensuring consistent sound performance in various room setups. - Solid Build Quality: The MDF construction and premium finish contribute to a sturdy and visually appealing design, enhancing the overall aesthetic of any listening room. - Coherent Soundstage: The seamless integration between drivers and the careful crossover design result in a cohesive soundstage with clear vocal and instrument separation. - Limited Bass Extension: While the B6.2 offers impressive bass for its size, those seeking deeper bass may require a separate subwoofer to complement the low-frequency response. - Sensitivity: These speakers have a relatively lower sensitivity, meaning they may require more power from the amplifier to reach higher volume levels. - Manual Set-Up: The B6.2 lacks built-in wireless or app control features, requiring users to manually adjust settings on the amplifier or receiver. - Aesthetic Preference: While the black ash finish is elegant, some users may prefer more color options or different cabinet designs to better match their personal taste and decor. Editor’s Pick Bookshelf Speaker Klipsch RP-600M II Quick Review These are among the Household Audio editor’s favorite pick speakers on the list. They’re what some of us use in our personal theaters. The Klipsch RP-600M II bookshelf speakers stand tall as a testament to Klipsch’s rich heritage and commitment to delivering exceptional audio experiences. As part of the revered Reference Premiere (RP) series, these speakers are infused with cutting-edge technology, innovative features, and classic Klipsch aesthetics, making them an outstanding choice for audiophiles and home theater enthusiasts alike. At the core of the RP-600M II’s brilliance is its proprietary 1″ LTS Tractrix horn-loaded tweeter. This exclusive technology ensures controlled directivity and reduced distortion, resulting in clean and precise high-frequency reproduction. The horn-loaded design allows the tweeter to disperse sound over a wider area, enhancing the speaker’s efficiency and providing a remarkably detailed and immersive soundstage. From the delicate nuances of vocals to the shimmering sparkle of cymbals, the RP-600M II captures every sonic subtlety with finesse. The RP-600M II features a 6.5-inch spun copper Cerametallic woofer, a hallmark of Klipsch’s Reference Premiere series. This unique driver construction combines a lightweight yet rigid diaphragm with copper plating, enhancing the woofer’s stiffness and damping characteristics. The result is a tight and accurate bass response, with rich and punchy mid-bass that adds depth and dimension to music and movie soundtracks. Personally, it’s what we love most about the design and look of the speakers too. Furthermore, Klipsch has implemented a sophisticated crossover design in the RP-600M II, ensuring seamless integration between the tweeter and woofer. This crossover optimization contributes to a balanced and coherent sound signature, allowing listeners to enjoy a natural and harmonious sonic presentation. One of the defining features of the RP-600M II is its striking cabinet design. Klipsch has engineered the speaker’s enclosure to minimize unwanted resonance and vibrations, resulting in cleaner and more accurate sound reproduction. The brushed polymer veneer finish adds a touch of elegance, while the removable magnetic grille provides a choice between a classic or contemporary look, catering to various interior aesthetics. The RP-600M II also boasts a rear-firing Tractrix port that optimizes bass response while reducing port noise. This design feature allows for versatile placement options, ensuring the speakers can be positioned closer to walls or on bookshelves without compromising sound quality. In summary, the Klipsch RP-600M II bookshelf speakers exemplify the brand’s heritage of dynamic audio excellence. The Tractrix horn-loaded tweeter, Cerametallic woofer, and refined crossover technology collaborate to create a captivating and immersive listening experience. The exquisite cabinet design, versatile placement options, and attractive finishes add to the overall appeal of the RP-600M II, making them a versatile addition to any home audio setup. Whether for critical music listening or exhilarating home theater sessions, the Klipsch RP-600M II consistently delivers exceptional sonic performance that sets a new standard for bookshelf speakers in its class. With Klipsch’s signature sound and a touch of classic design, the RP-600M II stands as a testament to why Klipsch remains a preferred choice among audio enthusiasts worldwide. |44 – 25,000 Hz - Dynamic Sound Performance: The Tractrix horn-loaded tweeter and Cerametallic woofer combine to deliver detailed and immersive sound with controlled directivity. - Striking Design: The brushed polymer veneer finish and removable magnetic grille offer an elegant appearance, making the speakers visually appealing in any setting. - Versatile Placement: The rear-firing Tractrix port allows for flexible speaker placement, enabling the speakers to perform well even when positioned closer to walls or on bookshelves. - Efficient and Powerful: The horn-loaded design of the tweeter enhances the speaker’s efficiency, requiring less power to achieve higher volumes while maintaining low distortion. - Coherent Soundstage: The sophisticated crossover design ensures a balanced and harmonious sound presentation, resulting in a cohesive audio experience. - Bass Extension: While the RP-600M II offers impressive bass for their size, some users may prefer deeper bass response, which can be achieved with the addition of a subwoofer. - Horn-Loaded Sound: Some listeners may find the characteristic sound of horn-loaded tweeters to be an acquired taste, as it can be more direct and forward compared to other tweeter designs. - Price: The RP-600M I falls into the high-end price range, which may be a consideration for budget-conscious buyers. - Limited Color Options: The speakers are available in select finishes, which might limit color choices to match specific room aesthetics. Best Reflex Design Bookshelf Speaker Q Acoustics 3020i Quick Review The Q Acoustics 3020i bookshelf speakers have garnered widespread acclaim for their combination of precision engineering, sophisticated design, and exceptional sound performance. As part of the Q Acoustics 3000i series, these speakers exemplify the brand’s commitment to providing an immersive audio experience that transcends their modest price point. One of the standout features of the 3020i is its cutting-edge technology. The speakers boast a 5-inch aramid fiber and paper cone woofer that is carefully designed to deliver a controlled and accurate bass response. The aramid fiber material enhances the woofer’s rigidity and minimizes distortion, allowing it to reproduce deep and punchy bass frequencies with remarkable clarity and detail. This attention to detail results in a more natural and engaging low-end performance that sets the 3020i apart from its competitors. Additionally, the 3020i features a 0.9-inch decoupled tweeter, which is isolated from the main cabinet to reduce unwanted vibrations and resonance. The result is a refined and smooth high-frequency response that reproduces intricate details with precision and without harshness. The tweeter’s wide dispersion characteristics ensure an expansive soundstage, enveloping the listener in a three-dimensional audio experience. Q Acoustics has also incorporated its innovative P2P (Point to Point) bracing system into the 3020i. This technology reinforces the speaker’s cabinet to minimize vibrations and unwanted resonances, ensuring a clean and clear sound output. The P2P bracing system plays a significant role in eliminating cabinet coloration, allowing the speakers to faithfully reproduce audio with an exceptional level of accuracy. The 3020i’s design is a testament to Q Acoustics’ dedication to aesthetics and functionality. With rounded edges and a variety of attractive finishes, including graphite grey, arctic white, and carbon black, these speakers complement any decor while making a bold visual statement. The magnetic grille further enhances the sleek appearance and offers users the choice of showcasing the drivers or keeping them discreet. The performance of the Q Acoustics 3020i transcends its price point, offering audiophiles and casual listeners alike an immersive and captivating audio experience. Whether used as part of a two-channel stereo setup or integrated into a home theater system, the 3020i consistently impresses with its musicality, clarity, and precision. In summary, the Q Acoustics 3020i bookshelf speakers excel in their use of advanced technology, elegant design, and exceptional sound performance. The combination of the aramid fiber woofer, decoupled tweeter, and P2P bracing system ensures a cohesive and immersive audio experience that delights music enthusiasts and movie lovers alike. With the 3020i, Q Acoustics has once again proven that exceptional audio quality can be accessible, making them a standout choice in the world of bookshelf speakers. |64 – 30,000 Hz - Precise Bass Response: The 5-inch aramid fiber woofer delivers accurate and controlled bass, providing a natural and immersive low-end performance. - Refined High-Frequency Reproduction: The decoupled tweeter ensures a smooth and detailed high-frequency response, producing intricate details with precision. - P2P Bracing System: The innovative Point to Point bracing system minimizes cabinet vibrations, resulting in clear and uncolored sound output. - Aesthetic Appeal: The speakers boast an elegant and attractive design with rounded edges and a choice of appealing finishes, making them a stylish addition to any room. - Value for Money: The Q Acoustics 3020i offers exceptional sound performance and build quality at a competitive price, providing excellent value for audiophiles and home theater enthusiasts. - Limited Bass Extension: While the 3020i delivers impressive bass for its size, some users may desire deeper bass and may opt to add a subwoofer for enhanced low-end performance. - Sensitivity: These speakers have a relatively lower sensitivity rating, meaning they may require a more powerful amplifier to reach higher volume levels. - Tweeter Placement: Some listeners may prefer a front-firing tweeter design, as the decoupled tweeter in the 3020i may exhibit slightly different sound dispersion characteristics. - Amplifier Compatibility: Due to the lower sensitivity, users should ensure their chosen amplifier or receiver can adequately power the speakers to achieve optimal performance. Common Terms Specifications There are several things to know about bookshelf speakers before you make a decision to buy. Frequency range, efficiency, power handling – these are just a few things. Knowing the basics about bookshelf speakers will give you the knowledge to find the best ones for your home. Drivers are the individual speakers that make up your bookshelf speaker. It’s important to know what they are made of and the individual performance for each. It’s the combination of these drivers, and how they complement each other, that makes up the overall performance of your bookshelf speakers. Here are a few terms that will help you understand the makeup of your drivers. - Woofer: The speaker woofer can determine the responsiveness, and quality of the speaker. The stiffer and more lightweight the material used, the more effective the speaker is. Polypropylene is a very common material used for the cone, as well as woven fabrics such as kevlar. Aluminum and titanium are also used in higher end speakers. - Woofer Surrounding: The woofer surround also is an important aspect of the speaker system and effect the sound as well. Durable, lightweight, and free moving materials are used to allow the woofer to move with as little energy possible. The material is essential for a long lasting and performing speaker too. As speakers get older and used, humidity levels and wear-and-tear can crack and even break the surrounding of the woofer. Rubber surrounding is typically the most long lasting an high performing material. Foam an cloth surroundings are found on less expensive component speakers, with lower performance and shorter life spans. - Crossovers: When you purchase a component car speaker system, a crossover is almost always a part of the package. External crossovers are typically used to lessen the amount of distortion a speaker might have by separating the frequency inputs. Signals can cross through coated wiring and cause distortion, so an external crossover system will limit this. Hands down the most important thing to consider when researching bookshelf speakers is the sound quality. Here are a few terms that will help you understand performance, and how to choose the best. - Power Handling: Power handling is the measurement a manufacture gives to rate how much power a speaker can handle and operate at. It is given by two measurements, RMS and Peak (or MAX). - RMS Power rating is the amount of power the speaker handles continuously, while the Peak Power rating is the amount of power a speaker can handle in short bursts. When comparing speakers, RMS Power is the more relevant and important rating to look at. - Sensitivity: The speaker sensitivity rating is a measurement of the amount of sound the speaker will emit from the power it’s given. The higher the sensitivity, the more efficient the speaker is with the power it’s given. For lower powered systems, you want a higher sensitivity rating. For a higher powered system, you want a lower sensitivity rating. Lower sensitivity rated speakers are meant to handle higher power. - Frequency Range: Frequency range is the frequencies that the speaker emits sound at, measure in Hz. Normally they are given from a low frequency to high, for example: 20 – 22,000 (22k) Hz. This measure how low and high the speaker can actually emit sound at. Another major component to consider when choosing the best bookshelf speakers is its design. Size, enclosure, enclosure material, color – all are important! Smaller and lighter speakers are great for fitting in small areas, but might sacrifice frequency range and sound quality because of it. The type of enclosure and/or posts are important as well – you can choose between binding posts or box enclosures, depending on your preference and limitations of the space you’re placing the speakers. Binding posts typically give you more options for space and wiring, while box enclosures sometimes give you a fuller, better sound quality. Then of course there’s color. Some speaker models are limited by color, and might not match the style of your home. Choosing the best bookshelf speaker to put in your home can be difficult, and expensive. Before you choose, make sure you know what you’re comparing and what you’re looking at! Bookshelf speakers are compact, stand-alone loudspeakers designed to be placed on shelves, stands, or other elevated surfaces. They are typically smaller in size compared to floor-standing speakers and are suitable for smaller to medium-sized rooms. Bookshelf speakers are smaller and more compact than floor-standing speakers, making them easier to place in tight spaces. They are also more versatile and can be used as part of a two-channel stereo setup, home theater system, or as rear surround speakers in a surround sound configuration. Yes, bookshelf speakers can be used in a home theater setup. They are commonly used as front speakers or surround speakers in a 5.1 or 7.1 surround sound system. When paired with a subwoofer, bookshelf speakers can deliver an impressive and immersive cinematic experience. Some key factors to consider when choosing bookshelf speakers include speaker size, driver technology (e.g., tweeter and woofer materials), sensitivity, power handling, impedance, and compatibility with your existing audio equipment. Room size and listening preferences also play a crucial role in selecting the right bookshelf speakers. It depends on the type of bookshelf speakers. Some bookshelf speakers are passive and require a separate amplifier or receiver to power them. On the other hand, there are active or powered bookshelf speakers that have a built-in amplifier, allowing you to connect them directly to audio sources without the need for an external amplifier. Yes, bookshelf speakers can be used as part of a multi-room audio system. Many modern bookshelf speakers come with wireless connectivity options like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, enabling them to be integrated into a multi-room audio setup. By using compatible apps or systems, you can stream music to multiple bookshelf speakers in different rooms simultaneously. Comments are closed.
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The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. EIA collects, analyzes, and disseminates independent and impartial energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment. EIA is the Nation's premier source of energy information and, by law, its data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the U.S. Government. BP is one of the world's leading international oil and gas companies. We operate or market our products in more than 80 countries, providing our customers with fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, retail services and petrochemicals products for everyday items. Established in 1819, ESCP Europe is the world's first business school and has educated generations of leaders and forward-thinkers. With its five urban campuses in Paris, London, Berlin, Madrid, and Torino, ESCP Europe has a true European identity which enables the provision of a unique style of business education and a global perspective on management issues. Triple-crown accredited (EQUIS, AMBA, AACSB), ESCP Europe welcomes 4,000 students and 5,000 executives from 90 different nations every year, offering them a wide range of general management and specialised programmes. The School's alumni network has 40,000 members in 150 countries and from 200 nationalities. At ESCP Europe London campus, the Research Centre for Energy Management (RCEM) is dedicated to rigorous and objective empirical research on issues related to energy management, finance, and policy, in order to support decision-making by both government and industry. The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan was established in June 1966 and certified as an incorporated foundation by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in September that year. The aim of its establishment is to carry on research activities specialized in the area of energy from the viewpoint of the national economy as a whole in a bid to contribute to sound development of the Japanese energy-supplying and energy-consuming industries and to the improvement of people's life in the country by objectively analyzing energy problems and providing basic data, information and reports necessary for the formulation of policies. With the diversification of social needs during the three and a half decades of its operation, IEEJ has expanded its scope of research activities to include such topics as environmental problems and international cooperation closely related to energy. In October 1984, the Energy Data and Modeling Center (EDMC) was established as an IEEJ-affiliated organization to carry out such tasks as the development of energy data bases, building of various energy models and econometric analyses of energy. In July 1999, EDMC was merged into IEEJ and began operating as an IEEJ division under the same name, i.e., the Energy Data and Modeling Center. The University of Stavanger, Norway, has about 9200 students and 1300 staff. As member of the European Consortium of Innovative Universities (ECIU), the university aims at being a regional driving force through research activities, new forms of teaching and learning, and knowledge transfer. The Stavanger region has been Norway’s hub for innovative industry for several decades and this is reflected in the university´s emphasis on technology and programmes of professional study. Within the Faculty of Science and Technology, research related to the oil and gas industry has an international reputation. The Department of Industrial Economics, Risk Management and Planning has consistently been among Norway’s most prolific research groups. Their main research areas are risk analysis and management, industrial and petroleum economics, fisheries and aquaculture and societal safety. The university's master programme in industrial economics is known for its excellence and admittance requires a high grade point average. The Faculty of Public Affairs at Carleton University was established in 1997 to bring together an array of academic departments, schools and institutes that address the broad areas of politics, policy and governance, international affairs, media and society, and community engagement. The Faculty fosters academic cooperation across 12 component units, including Departments (Political Science, Economics, and Law and Legal Studies), Schools (International Affairs, Journalism and Communication, Public Policy and Administration, and Social Work), Institutes (Criminology and Criminal Justice, European, Russian and Eurasian Studies, Political Economy, and African Studies), as well as the Arthur Kroeger College of Public Affairs. The Baker Institute Center for Energy Studies (CES) provides new insights on the role of economics, policy and regulation in the performance and evolution of energy markets. Independently and through collaborations with other Baker Institute programs, Rice University faculty, and scholars from around the world, the CES consistently produces data-driven analysis to support a deeper understanding of local and international political and economic issues impacting energy markets. Programs at the CES center on economic modeling and forecasting, the nexus between energy and environment, and emerging technologies, regulations and geopolitical risk. Thus, the CES provides policymakers, corporate leaders, and the public with a non-partisan, high quality, data-driven, analytical voice on energy and environmental issues that often can be politically divisive. Aramco Services Company (ASC) operates as a vital link between Saudi Aramco, the world’s leading energy company and North America. ASC is the U.S.-based subsidiary of Saudi Aramco, the state-owned oil company of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and a fully integrated, global petroleum and chemicals enterprise. ASC’s geographical area of responsibility extends throughout North America, with operations in the U.S. and Canada, and selected activities in South America. ASC conducts a wide range of services to help Saudi Aramco facilitate the safe and reliable delivery of energy to customers around the globe. Established in 1950 in New York City, the company moved to Houston in 1974, joining other industry leaders to further strengthen the city's unique position as the energy capital of the world. In addition to its Houston headquarters, ASC maintains an office in Washington, D.C., to collect data on oil markets, governmental policies and economic trends. UTE (National Administration of Power Plants and Electric Transmission) is a 100-year state-owned utility. Born in 1912, the company is vertically integrated, developing power plants, transmission and distribution networks and electricity marketing both inside Uruguay and with neighboring countries. Located in the south cone of South America, Uruguay has a total area of 187,000 km2, aprox. 3.5 million inhabitants, with an annual per capita GDP of 14,400 USD and expecting 4% of economic increase for 2013. The electric sector has an installed capacity of almost 2700 MW, historically based on a mix between hydro plants and thermal back-up (65-35%). Near 98% of households are interconnected. The peak load of the system is about 1800 MW, having an annual consumption of 10,000 GWh. The National Energy Policy developed since 2007, for the electric sector include a goal to get installed new 1200 MW of wind power and at least 200 MW of biomass by 2015. UTE conducts procedures to contract that power in a long-term basis from near 20 different projects, which now are being developed by IPP’s. The company also develops its own wind projects. Our mission is to train the experts who will drive the transition to the new energy economy and meet current industrial and societal needs in the fields of energy, oil, gas, petrochemicals and powertrains. Our strong industrial partnerships, our position within IFP Energies nouvelles, our multidisciplinary educational programs, international prestige and unique work environment have helped our students succeed since the School's founding in 1924. Our offer includes 10 industry-oriented graduate programs. The fields covered by our industry-oriented programs include: Exploration-Production, Energy Sector Processes, Powertrains and Products, Economics-Management. Admission: Applicants must have an engineering degree or equivalent, corresponding to four years (American BSc, for example) or five years (French engineering degree, for example) of higher education. Applicants are selected on the basis of their application, followed by an interview. National master's degree or an engineering degree is awarded at graduation. Standard length: 16 months Reservoir Geoscience and Engineering Petroleum Engineering and Project Development Energy and Processes Processes and Polymers Energy and Powertrains Energy and Products Energy and Markets Petroleum Economics and Management Some of our other programs 4 Research Master's programs: High-level academic training programs IFP School has partnerships with French universities and engineering schools for four research Master's programs ("M2"). Admission: These programs are taught in French and are open to students with at least four years of higher education. Master in geosciences Master in Catalysis and Processes Master in electrification and Automotive Propulsion Master in Environmental Economics, Sustainable Development and Energy. Theses: More than 40 new PhD topics every year. UCL Australia is an integral part of University College London (UCL), one of the foremost academic institutions in the world and an academic powerhouse with 21 Nobel Prize winners among staff and alumni. UCL brings a unique internationally connected educational experience to Australia with a specialist focus on education in the global critical field of energy and resources. UCL Australia offers a select group of highly focussed postgraduate programmes, that equip students with sought-after qualifications from one of the world’s top universities, awards that are uniquely designed to develop management, policy and technology skills for the global energy and resources sector. The Alberta School of Business is built on the Alberta tradition; Innovative ideas, hard work, entrepreneurial spirit and great people.  Recognized as one of the World's leading Business schools, the Alberta School of Business offers undergraduate, master, and PhD degrees to over 2300 students. Building off the strength of the local economy, the Alberta School of Business delivers leading research in Natural Resources, Energy and Environmental issues. With exceptional faculty and links to the corporate community through the Centre for Applied Business Research in Energy and the Environment, the Alberta School of Business offers a world-class and high relevant MBA in Natural Resources, Energy and Environment. This is one of only a few such programs offered globally. With exceptional faculty and a world-recognized MBA program, the Alberta School of Business is continuing to nurture and create: Leaders from Alberta for the World Shell is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies employing 90,000 people in more than 80 countries. Our aim is to help meet the energy needs of society in ways that are economically, environmentally and socially responsible. 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Our operating segments consist of Alaska, Lower 48 and Latin America, Canada, Europe, Asia Pacific and Middle East, and Other International. Our vision is to be the E&P company of choice for all stakeholders by pioneering a new standard of excellence. The ConocoPhillips global portfolio reflects our legacy as a major company in terms of its size and breadth, yet offers the compelling organic growth more common to independent companies. Our diverse asset base also reflects a resource-rich North American portfolio, a low-risk international portfolio and an emerging conventional and unconventional global exploration prospect inventory. We have the technical depth and capabilities to operate virtually anywhere and in any resource trend. And where we do operate we place safety, health and environmental stewardship at the top of our priorities. Headquartered in Houston, Texas, ConocoPhillips had operations and activities in 30 countries, $58 billion in annual revenue, $117 billion of assets, and approximately 16,900 employees as of Dec. 31, 2012. Production from continuing operations averaged 1,527 MBOED in 2012, and proved reserves were 8.6 billion BOE as of Dec. 31, 2012. For more information, go to www.conocophillips.com. The Technische Universitaet Berlin (TU Berlin) with its seven faculties and 320 senior and 15 junior professors strives to promote the accumulation of knowledge and to facilitate technological progress by adhering to the fundamental principles of excellence and quality. Regional, national and international networking with partners in science and industry is an important aspect in all these endeavors. The university focuses on six core research priorities defined by related competencies and social obligations. One of these is Energy Systems and Sustainable Resource Management. This research priority includes energy technology, energy economics and politics, climate change, water supply, and the management of limited resources in general. Areas of research presently focus on efficient gas turbines, photovoltaic systems, networks and functional energy storage, energy-efficient cities, and water supplies. Scientific innovations and their impacts on production and consumption patterns play pivotal roles in this process, as do local environmental factors. In close cooperation with other research fields such as "Materials, Design and Manufacturing" and "Infrastructure and Mobility", research is devoted towards sustaining future living standards and ensured energy supplies for society at large. The professors chairing "Energy Systems" and "Infrastructure Policy" have, among others, for many years served IAEE in different functions. Die BKW-Gruppe ist eines der bedeutendsten Schweizer Energieunternehmen. Sie beschäftigt mehr als 2‘800 Mitarbeitend und deckt alle Stufen der Energieversorgung ab: von der Produktion über den Transport und Handel bis hin zum Vertrieb. Direkt und indirekt über ihre Vertriebspartner versorgt die BKW mehr als eine Million Menschen mit Strom. Der BKW-Produktionspark umfasst Wasserkraftwerke, ein Kernkraftwerk, ein Gaskombikraftwerk und Anlagen mit neuen erneuerbaren Anlagen. The BKW Group is one of Switzerland’s largest energy companies. It employs more than 2,800 people and covers all stages of energy supply: from production and transmission to trading and distribution. Directly and indirectly via its distribution partners, BKW supplies power to more than a million people. BKW’s production portfolio covers hydroelectric power plants, a nuclear power plant, a gas-fired combined-cycle power plant and new renewable energy facilities. The University of Western Australia (UWA) is one of Australia’s leading universities and has an international reputation for excellence in teaching, learning and research. Western Australia is the key resource state in Australia and is in a zone shared with some of the fastest growing economies in the world. The resource-led Western Australian economy is transitioning to a highly globally connected knowledge economy and Perth is the central hub in this network. At its core is a world-class University. UWA has almost 24,000 students enrolled across nine faculties. A model of broad undergraduate studies followed by postgraduate professional qualifications is designed to produce well-rounded graduates, as well as provide additional entry opportunities for a wider range of students. The University aims to be counted among the top 50 universities in the world by 2050, and is currently ranked 91st on the Shanghai Jiao-Tong University Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU). Toyota (NYSE:TM), the world's top automaker and creator of the Prius, is committed to building vehicles for the way people live through its Toyota, Lexus and Scion brands. Over the past 50 years, Toyota has built more than 25 million cars and trucks in North America, where it operates 14 manufacturing plants and directly employs more than 40,000 people. The company’s 1,800 North American dealerships sold more than 2.5 million cars and trucks in 2013 – and about 80 percent of all Toyota vehicles sold over the past 20 years are still on the road today. For more information about Toyota, visit www.toyotanewsroom.com. The Institute of Transportation Studies at UC Davis (ITS-Davis) is the leading university center in the world on sustainable transportation. It is home to more than 60 affiliated faculty and researchers, 120 graduate students, and a budget of $12 million. While our principal focus is research, we also emphasize education and outreach. The Institute is unique in hosting a graduate program in transportation, matching interdisciplinary research with interdisciplinary education. Our Transportation Technology and Policy (TTP) graduate curriculum draws from 34 different academic disciplines. Our more than 225 alumni are becoming leaders in government and industry. We are partnering with government, industry and non-governmental organizations to inform policy making and business decisions, and advance public discourse on key transportation, energy and environmental issues. The Institute is focused on issues important to society. Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) was founded with the objective to facilitate the development of electric power supply in Korea, meet the country's power supply and demands needs, and contribute to the national economy. In addition, KEPCO is not only contributing to the national development and economy by ensuring a stable power supply and providing customer-oriented services, but also is carrying out 32 projects in 17 countries around the world to create sustainable new future growth engines. KAPSARC was founded as a non-profit global institution for independent research into the economics of energy, to contribute to societal wellbeing and prosperity. From our base in one of the world’s most important energy-producing regions, KAPSARC develops economic frameworks to reduce the overall costs and environmental impacts of energy supply, increase the value created from energy consumption and achieve effective alignment between energy policy objectives and outcomes. We collaborate with leading international research centers, public policy organizations, and industrial and government institutions, freely sharing our knowledge, insights and analytical frameworks. KAPSARC studies topics of global importance – with a particular focus on the Middle East, China, India and East Africa – both in terms of the impacts of policies on their own societies and the spillovers to interconnected global markets. The Center draws upon the talent and expertise of an international group of researchers comprising more than 15 nationalities. Plinovodi Ltd., is Independent Transmission Operator (ITO) - company managing the natural gas transmission network on national level in the Republic of Slovenia, in EU. Our customers are large industrial users and local distributors, as well as cross-border shippers of natural gas. Natural gas is transported over pipeline network with the total length of 1.155 km. Through our mission – we connect people and energy – with passion, we provide energy transmission and opportunities for energy supply and we are committed to reliability, safety and expertise, and strive for technological and social advancement. We create space for synergy between people, industry and environment. In day-to-day operations we live our values – knowledge and professionalism, dedication, creativity, responsibility, respect, trust, integrity and self-initiative. Our people are the most important capital and our leadership is based on responsibility, inspiration and personal example. Company's main development directions are promotion of use and transmission of natural gas, development of international connections and relations, sustainable growth and development, active cooperation within the value chain and advocacy of modern energy solutions. Through our vision as a growing gas infrastructure pillar, connected with the environment and integrated into the international space, providing efficient energy solutions for people's needs we believe in our future development. A gaze into the future is taking into consideration the existing economic, climate and technological development of the natural gas market of the last decade, which reveals also new possibilities. Safe, reliable and competitive transmission of natural gas is not only a pillar of our rich history but also of time ahead of us. Bogaziçi University’s vision is to be a leading institution of higher education, one that shapes the future through being a pioneer in education, teaching, and research. The primary tenets of our vision are to Founded in 1925, DIW Berlin (the German Institute for Economic Research) is one of the leading economic research institutes in Germany. The Institute analyzes the economic and social aspects of topical issues, formulating and disseminating policy advice based on its research findings. The Sustainability research cluster examines the economic conditions and consequences of sustainable development. It focuses on analyzing sustainable energy supply and mobility, as well as climate protection. Enedis manages the public electricity distribution network for 95% of continental France. Every day, its 39 033 employees oversee the operation, maintenance and development of a nearly 1.3 million km network. Enedis thus has 2 major public service duties. The quality of Enedis’s electricity supply is among the highest in Europe. Linky, the communicating meter: as well as providing accurate meter readings, it can perform remote operations, such as measuring the consumption and production of electricity, or resolving accidental outages. Linky also helps to control electricity consumption. The Energy Policy Research Group (EPRG) is a research centre based at Cambridge Judge Business School and Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge. EPRG's research spans energy and environmental topics, including electricity, natural gas and oil markets; climate policy and carbon pricing; as well as energy technologies and finance. The core research discipline of the group is economics, within a framework that encourages collaboration between experts from different academic traditions, drawing on insights from engineering, political science and law. EPRG combines world-class academic research, excellence in training of top graduate students, and high-quality dissemination and engagement activities towards industry and public policy makers. The group is supported by the research councils, foundations, as well as by industry and other stakeholders via its Energy Policy Forum (EPF). The Florence School of Regulation (FSR) was established in 2004 as an independent knowledge hub which brings together Regulators, Policy Makers, Academia and Industry to share the most innovative thinking in energy regulation. Today the FSR operates as a global platform, engaging in the development of research, training and policy dialogue in Europe, Asia, Latin America, Africa, and beyond. The FSR is supported by an International Faculty of leading academics and practitioners, and it benefits from the contribution and advice of +300 global experts in the sector. Institutionally, the FSR sits as a programme of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies of the European University Institute in Florence, Europe’s intergovernmental institution for doctoral and postdoctoral studies and research. Georgian National Energy and Water Supply Regulatory Commission’s (GNERC) mission is to: The internationally top-ranked Khalifa University is the one university in the UAE with the research and academic programs that address the entire range of strategic, scientific and industrial challenges facing the UAE’s knowledge economy transformation and our rapidly evolving world. Its world-class faculty and state-of-the-art research facilities provide an unparalleled learning experience to students from the UAE and abroad. The university brings together the best in science, technology and engineering in the UAE, to offer specialized degrees that can take promising high school graduates all the way to top-rated doctorate degree holders The Market Surveillance Administrator is a public agency created to promote the fair, efficient, and openly competitive operation of the electricity and retail natural gas markets in Alberta, Canada. It does this by undertaking surveillance, analysis, and public reporting related to these markets and by enforcing the applicable legislation, regulations, market rules, and reliability standards.
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Baker & McKenzie - CIS, Limited‘s disputes practice is focused on international and local arbitration alongside Kazakh court litigation, with deep industry expertise in different areas including oil and gas, energy, telecoms, pharma and mining. Public law and civil fraud are other areas of expertise. Azamat Kuatbekov is the managing partner in the Almaty office, with experience in complex litigation and arbitration matters. He co-heads the practice with Alexander Korobeinikov, who is specialised in international and domestic arbitration. Andrei Yorsh focuses on intellectual property litigation work, whereas Alissa Inshakova specialises in domestic litigation and arbitration, as well as disputes relating to competition law, regulation of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Yana Daloglu is a name to watch. Dispute resolution in Kazakhstan Baker & McKenzie - CIS, Limited Azamat Kuatbekov; Alexander Korobeinikov Other key lawyers: Andrei Yorsh; Igor Kolupayev; Yana Daloglu; Alissa Inshakova ‘Baker McKenzie is always able to provide quality advice on any legal matter. The team is committed to resolving all issues quickly and efficiently and they are always able to engage best individuals both inside the firm and outside consultants on complicated international matters.’ ‘Azamat Kuatbekov has advised me on all legal matters in Kazakhstan and globally for around 20 years now. He is an outstanding professional and a person of highest integrity and compassion. He is the best legal professional in Kazakhstan in dispute resolutions and corporate law. I have worked with almost all international firms in Kazakhstan, and based on my personal experience I can confirm this without any doubt.’ ‘I think it is its people and its powerful network what makes them different.’ United Cement Company Plc Lafonda Invest Pte. Ltd Maxam Kazakhstan LLP - Represented the consortium consisted from the Kazakhstani company Applied Economics Research Centre LLP and Bulgarian company Savvy Business headed by Planet S.A. in UNCITRAL arbitration and enforcement proceedings against the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection. - Represented Visa International in several Kazakhstani court proceedings commenced by the bankruptcy administrators of local banks. - Represented a major Kazakhstani oil company, in a precedent-setting dispute with the local tax authorities over a dividend withholding tax amounting to $21m. Led by Askar Moukhitdinov, Astana based Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle LLP acts as a legal advisor of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its state-owned enterprises, and has been involved in high-profile international arbitrations for upstream oil and gas, uranium, gold and construction sectors. Paris-based Peter Wolrich is experienced in investor-state and commercial arbitration proceedings, alongside Geoffroy Lyonnet who has expertise in international commercial arbitrations for a number of different tribunals and chambers. Nurlan Mukhitdinov is noted for his work on major oil and gas projects across Kazakhstan. Other key lawyers: ‘I consider that in respect of the oil and gas arbitration cases I know, the work provided for by the team was of top-quality. The issues dealt with were highly challenging, difficult and complex. One dispute amounted to a number of billions of dollars and was related to various cutting-edge contractual, fiscal, financial and economic issues in regard to interpretation and implementation of petroleum production sharing-contracts and related agreements. ’ ‘Based on my long and global experience in oil and gas matters and considering my interaction with Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle LLP (CMP) lawyers, I remain deeply impressed by their efficient and excellent performance.’ ‘Their strategic mindset stands out. Rather than approaching disputes reactively, they take a proactive stance. They thoroughly analyze cases, develop innovative strategies, and explore alternative dispute resolution methods to save time and costs. What I appreciate most is their unwavering commitment to clients. They prioritize understanding our goals, providing clear communication, and involving us in decision-making throughout the process.’ ‘Their team reflects a diverse range of backgrounds and perspectives, which enhances their problem-solving capabilities. They promote a collaborative environment, pooling the strengths of their attorneys to deliver comprehensive solutions.’ Ministry of Justice of Kazakhstan - Representing the Republic of Kazakhstan in a UNCITRAL arbitration commenced by a Canadian investor pursuant to the Bilateral Investment Treaty between Canada and the Soviet Union. The case arises from the termination of a contract for the management of a gold mining company. One of the key issues in the case has involved state succession to treaties in public international law, as the applicability to Kazakhstan of the treaty with the Soviet Union has been disputed by the parties. Dentons‘ litigation and dispute resolution team offers clients a one-stop shop service for clients seeking assistance in contentious matters, with lawyers having experience in dealing with a wide range of disputes, including general contract litigation, banking litigation, tax and customs and property-related claims. Daniyar Toigonbaev heads the practice and has experience in advising clients on a variety of legal issues, including disputes on tax and other governmental authorities, while Aigoul Kenjebayeva has worked on disputes for the oil and gas sector. Victoria Simonova advises clients on international law issues, including IP and corporate matters. Artur Utarbayev and Nazym Bekturova are names to watch. Other key lawyers: Aigoul Kenjevayeva; Victoria Simonova; Artur Utarbayev; Nazym Bekturova ‘Dentons dispute resolution practice can be named as one of the most successful in Kazakhstan. Dentons lawyers participated in number of anti monopoly, tax, commercial litigation for our company. Dentons can deliver any number of lawyers, and can bring high quality in Kazakhstan. In general, Dentons is the most successful firm in Kazakhstan.’ ‘Daniyar Toigonbayev, dispute resolution practice partner is different from competitor based on his expertise and knowledge of the market. Daniyar demonstrates high quality and availability. Arthur Utarbayev is another lawyer worth mentioning. He proves high availability and in depth knowledge of criminal and corporate law.’ Herbalife Kazakhstan LLP Arcelor Mittal Temirtau JSC Altyntau Kokshetau JSC (Kazzinc group) Petco Investment and Trading L.P. Herbalife Europe Limited / Herbalife Kazakhstan LLP CITIC Construction Co. Ltd - Represented Altyntau Kokshetau JSC in an administrative dispute against the Department of Ecology preventing imposition of the administrative fine of approximately US$20 million. - Represented ArcelorMittal Temirtau JSC in court in four administrative disputes against the antimonopoly authority. - Represented PKZ Mining LLP in court against the claimant who challenged the validity of client’s mineral licenses. Reed Smith LLP Reed Smith LLP is led by David Boutcher and Askar Zhansagimov, with a reputation for domestic and international disputes in litigation or arbitration, alongside pre-contract risk management, targeted negotiation and alternative dispute resolution strategy. David Boutcher; Askar Zhansagimov ‘Reed Smith LLP is known for several unique qualities and strengths that potential clients might find appealing.’ ‘The firm has a deep understanding of various industries, including energy, financial services, life sciences, and more. Clients often appreciate their lawyers’ industry-specific knowledge and insights.’ ‘Reed Smith is committed to putting its clients first. They often tailor their legal solutions to meet the specific needs of each client, ensuring a personalized and client-centric approach.’ The Republic of Kazakhstan The Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan SIGNUM Law Firm As part of a broad practice, SIGNUM Law Firm advises clients on international arbitration proceedings and in disputes relating to the oil and gas, natural resources and energy sectors, with a number of instructions coming from disputes stemming from sanctions on Russia. Talgat Sariev heads the practice and represents international clients in all types of in-court disputes and arbitration proceedings involving Kazakh assets or parties. ‘We work with Sofiya Zhylkaidarova, who is the No.1 oil & gas lawyer in Kazakhstan in terms of reputation and expertise. For litigation advice we rely on Talgat Sariev, who is an excellent point of reference to plan and implement in-court defense. Both of them are stellar lawyers who make the firm an exceptional choice in Kazakhstan.’ - Dispute relating to the failure on contractual obligations arising out of unprecedented international sanctions against Russia following its invasion of Ukraine. - Advising on the application of Cape Town Convention to return high-value aviation assets from the lease by over sanctioned Russian counterparties. - Assisting the Dutch subsidiary of the global leader in healthcare produce on mutual acknowledgement and enforcement of court decisions between the Netherlands and Kazakhstan. Almaty-based Tukulov Kassilgov Shaikenov Disputes (TKS) is the result of a merger between Tukulov Kassilgov Litigation and Shaikenov Law Experts. The dispute resolution-focused firm is present on matters pertaining to complex commercial, corporate litigation and insolvency, tax and customs litigation and IP and IT litigation. The team has also handled cases in the AIFC jurisdiction and have represented financial services companies in the Kazakh “onshore” courts. Bakhyt Tukulov represents clients in high-profile commercial disputes concerning Kazakhstan law and has experience acting as an expert in cross-border litigation and arbitration proceedings and Ravil Kassilgov supports international and local clients on tax disputes. Valikhan Shaikenov heads the firm's arbitration practice. Natalia Shapovalova left the firm. Bakhyt Tukulov; Ravil Kassilgov; Valikhan Shaikenov ‘The TKL advantage is availability. While many firms take a lot of time to engage, the TKL lawyers can act immediately.’ ‘Bakhyt Tukkulov is very strong litigator who is not shy to act absolutely anyone. He is ready to start confrontation with any agency or stakeholder in case their actions are illegal. He is instrumental in preparing lawsuits and claims on high quality level. He perceives problems of his clients as his own. Bakhyt is YES man, he never refused to take any case.’ ‘Very dedicated and specialised dispute resolution practice. Very sharp compared to other firms. ’ ‘Bakhyt Tukulov is very responsive, very reliable team.’ ‘This is a boutique commercial litigation firm in Kazakhstan whose lawyers are incredibly dedicated, hardworking and client orientated. They are indeed very much experienced in the cross- border litigation and aware of how to navigate between local and foreign law (English law) concepts and make them work. Their advice is comprehensive and practical, and their fees more than reasonable. ’ ‘The firm’s managing partner Bakhyt Tukulov is extremely intelligent with great analytical skills and expertise in litigation. He is literally available 24/7, ready to accommodate his clients’ needs, which makes his clients’ life a lot easier.’ ‘They have very individual approach for every case. I was able to obtain professional advice regarding my issues.’ ‘What stood out to me the most is the attention to details.’ Private Company Minerals Operating Ltd. Private Company Smart Parking Technologies Ltd. Unicase Law Firm is renowned for its experienced litigation team, which has a track record in arbitration and litigation concerningmultiple industry areas such as oil and gas, infrastructure, transport and banking. In 2023, the firm became a member firm of the Andersen Global network. Artem Timoshenko is the managing partner and is recognised for his experience in corporate restructuring and dispute resolution, while Sanzhar Amangeldy concentrates on the construction and technology industry. Artem Timoshenko; Sanzhar Amangeldy ‘What truly sets Unicase apart is its ability to navigate challenging legal situations with finesse. Unicase’s skillful approach and unwavering dedication to their client’s interests shone through.’ The pinnacle of Unicase’s success in dispute resolution was its strategic brilliance in achieving a pre-trial resolution through the interdepartmental commission. By developing a well-thought-out strategy and presenting compelling arguments, they not only resolved the matter favourably but also influenced recommendations for improving tax legislation. This achievement underscores their ability to innovate and make a lasting impact.’ ‘Artem has consistently proven himself to be an exceptional legal professional, displaying a remarkable blend of legal expertise, strategic thinking, and unwavering dedication. Artem’s deep understanding of complex legal matters, particularly in the realm of dispute resolution, is truly impressive. He possesses a keen analytical mind that allows him to dissect intricate legal situations with precision. His ability to identify key issues, analyse the nuances of our case, and provide insightful counsel has been invaluable to our clients.’ Beineu-Shymkent Gas Pipeline AEQUITAS focuses on cross-border litigation and commercial arbitration, frequently working with firms from other jurisdictions on cross-border disputes. The team is prevalent across multiple areas across dispute resolution, including contract, construction, patent and copyright, banking and liquidation. Farukh Iminov is the key contact. Since publication, Ardak Idayatova has joined Kinstellar LLP. Other key lawyers: ‘The company works with knowledge of the case and clear approaches. All issues of the court case were resolved promptly and on time.’ ‘I liked that the lawyers of AEQUITAS were extremely client-oriented, worked with an individual approach to each emerging issue. Farukh Iminov clearly has huge experience in dispute resolution and is able to quickly analyze the situation.’ Dr. Theiss Naturwaren GmbH PRONAR Sp. z o.o. Noted for its ‘wealth of experience and local knowledge,’ GRATA International covers a variety of services related to litigation, including general commercial disputes, construction matters and employment litigation. The team has experience representing clients before international courts as well as domestic Kazakh courts and arbitral tribunals. ‘Great litigation partner‘ Askar Konysbayev co-leads the practice alongside Assel Illyasova, who is experienced in tax disputes, while Timur Berekmoinov has helped to expand the practice through his expertise in IP litigation. Zhandarbek Ramazan and Gulnur Nurkeyeva are key names from the firm. Askar Konysbayev; Assel Illyasova Other key lawyers: Zhandarbek Ramazan; Gulnur Nurkeyeva ‘Grata is the biggest and oldest local firm in Kazakhstan. It has a wealth of experience and local knowledge.’ ‘Baizhan Bekzhanov is very commercial and sound. A good and solid name in the market. Askar Konysbayev is a great litigation partner. He knows the market and he knows how to convince the court.’ ‘Grata has a good overall team of lawyers and the partners are very skilled. Professional.’ Integrites has vast experience in litigation, arbitration, adjudication, mediation and settlement negotiations, with the dispute resolution team comprising of lawyers able to handle matters in courts of all levels, including complex cases and international arbitration. Duman Akhmetov heads the practice and advises clients in international arbitration alongside Kurmangazy Talzhanov who is skilled in international and local disputes. Algerim Kasmukhanova is noted for her experience in litigation and international arbitration, while associates Askan Turisbekov and Zairbek Nurakhan both joined the firm in December 2022. Other key lawyers: Kurmangazy Talzhanov; Algerim Kasmukhanova; Askan Turisbekov; Algerim Nussenova; Zairbek Nurakhan Arysta Life Science S.A.S. Arysta LifeScience Great Britain Limited - Advised on a competition investigation in the agricultural space concerning the alleged activities of a competitor. - Represented a party to a partnership dispute concerning an alleged tax liability created by a former participant in the partnership. - Represented a consulting company in a professional negligence case. Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP combines the expertise of its Kazakhstan-based and London-based dispute lawyers to advise global clients on complex cross-border disputes. The firm is present on cross-border international arbitrations alongside local litigation in Kazakhstan courts. Aset Shyngyssov heads the litigation practice and serves as a liaison partner between the London and Kazakhstan offices, while Bakhytzhan Kadyrov helps clients with domestic and international litigation and arbitration matters. Asem Bakenova is based in Astana and has experience on administration proceedings and investigations, whereas Aida Akhmetova represents clients in litigation involving international elements and state authorities. Other key lawyers: Bakhytzhan Kadyrov; Asem Bakenova; Aida Akhmetova Sayat Zholshy & Partners Sayat Zholshy & Partners‘ dispute resolution team works in tandem with its corporate and tax divisions to offer a combined specialised service in a range of disputes including commercial litigation, tax, competiton law and disputes involving banks and other financial institutions. Vitaliy Vodolazkin leads the team and specialises in litigation, with his clientele consisting of international and national companies. Yelena Tyureikina specialises in the resolution of tax and customs disputes, while Assel Sandybayeva is noted for her expertise in civil process, representing the firm’s clients in the courts of all instances in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Other key lawyers: Aidyn Bikebayev; Yelena Tyureikina; Assel Sandybayeva ‘Sayat Zholshy & Partners is a well known law firm in Kazakhstan with very good reputation. They have very high standards of work. Also they are known for their team work. They are team of proffesionals, provides exceptional legal services at high level.’ ‘I would like to recommend Managing Partner Vitaliy Vodolazkin and Counsel Assel Sandybayeva. They are very good lawyers. Vitaliy leads their Dispute Resolution practice and is a top litigator in Kazakhstan.’ ‘We worked with Vitaliy Vodolazkin who leads their Dispute Resolution practice. He is an exceptional lawyer and one of the most reputable lawyers in Kazakhstan. He understands what we need. It is very hard to contest with him in the courts.’ Nomad Insurance JSC PORTOLA CYPRUS LIMITED RG Brands Kazakhstan Eurasian Foods Corporation JSC First Heartland Jusan Bank JSC Bukhtarminskaya Hydroelectric Power Station JSC - Representing Nomad Insurance JSC in front of the Kazakhstan Supreme Court in connection with a number of disputes with Kazakhstan customs authorities. - Assisting First Heartland Jusan Bank JSC in front of Kazakhstan courts in an effort to protect their business reputation. - Representing Bukhtarminskaya Hydroelectric Power Station JSC in a corporate dispute with their minority shareholders MG Partners has offices across Kazakhstan in Almaty, Astana and Karaganda, and is active in the arbitration space. Inna Revazova is the managing partner and is a member of the Astana Chamber of Legal Consultants, whereas Meruet Zhunubayeva is another key contact. Inna Revazova; Meruet Zhunubayeva ‘Seven Hills of Kazakhstan’ LLC LLP ‘Zavod Truyb PPU’ ‘Torgovy Dom NL Kontinent Astana’ LLP Technical Audit Sp. Z o.o Shatyr – Kurylys LLP - Advised a client on debt recovery from the Kazakh government concerning equiptment used to treat COVID-19. - Represented a claimant for recovery of debt under the contract against Kazakhstan Bank as assignee to protect breach of certain provisions of the contract. Nazkhanov and Partners Nazkhanov and Partners is led by a six-person team of former judges and law enforcement offices, including Tair Nazkhanov, Oryngazy Jaboldinov, Nataliya Russakova, Abzal Kassymzhanov, Dyussembekov Darkhan and Jamalov Damir. The team specialises in the protection of interests and consultation of entrepreneurs, managers and accountants in civil disputes, white-collar crime cases and tax litigation matters. Tair Nazkhanov; Oryngazy Jaboldinov; Nataliya Russakova; Abzal Kassymzhanov; Dyussembekov Darkhan; Jamalov Damir ‘The team works promptly, and they are very accurate with details. Their knowledge of the legislation was exceptional.’ ‘Tair and Darkhan are very competent and polite people. They are attentive to details and work to save their customer’s time.’ PricewaterhouseCoopers Tax & Advisory LLP PricewaterhouseCoopers Tax & Advisory LLP is focused on tax dispute resolution and regulatory proceedings. Nursultan Nurbayev is the director of the tax and legal services department and advises both multinational and domestic companies, focusing on transfer pricing issues. Shynar Zhanbekova is noted for her experience in appealing the results of tax audits. Timur Zhursunov; Elena Kaeva; Nursultan Nurbayev Other key lawyers: ‘The team is quite good. They are big enough to house many different specialists to address various challenges. The name is recognizable and brings some confidence to international management team when choosing appropriate firm for the case.’ ‘They make effort to make client experience feel good. Good feedback during all stages of the case process: stakeholders kept well informed.’ ‘I would like to note the unique professional background of the team. Team has high level of competence, which allows to obtain economic, technological, and social benefits. The team demonstrates in-depth knowledge of the subject. The team is available at any time of the day, provide practical advice on requests.’ Mary Kay Kazakhstan LLP Voskhod Chrome LLP Branch of Shanghai Construction Group Branch of Saipem Branch of Citic Construction Group Voskhod Trading LLP Yves Rocher Kazakhstan LLP The Branch of General Electric International Inc. in Kazakhstan ESS Support Services LLP OPEN SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LLP Bank CenterCredit JSC
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Advances in Integration and Parameterization of EM Simulation within a High-Frequency Circuit Design Flow by John Dunn, Ph.D. – AWR Group, NI Electromagnetic (EM) simulators are constantly being improved in various ways, however, less obvious to RF engineers yet equally important are the advances being made in integrating EM simulators into the overall microwave circuit simulation environment. The ability to incorporate multiple EM simulators into one circuit design environment has the obvious advantages of decreased setup time and reduced chance of setup error. There are, however, several challenges that must be overcome for such an integration to be successful. This article explores some of those challenges and how they are addressed in high-frequency software such as NI AWR Design Environment. Of course, where there is a challenge, there also is an opportunity. NI AWR Design Environment, specifically Microwave Office circuit design software, enables users to quickly take advantage of features such as: - Multiple process design kits (PDKs) and libraries for different physical technologies like chip-on-board type problems - The ability to drive multiple simulators from one set of layout rules, layer stackup definitions, and shape simplification rules - The use of 3D cells in 2D layout to support both 3D and 2D layout in one environment - Easy control of EM simulation results from different simulators using data sets Challenge: Setting Up an EM Simulation Designers today have a choice of several different types of EM simulators. They vary by the types of problems they solve and by the way they solve them. Popular EM simulators for microwave engineers are either planar or 3D, depending on the types of geometries they can solve. 3D simulators such as ANSYS HFSS, CST, and NI AWR Design Environment’s Analyst™ typically mesh the entire volume of the geometry using some variant of the finite element method (FEM). Planar simulators solve for currents on metal etched on layers of a dielectric stackup. Vertical vias can also be simulated. While more restrictive in the geometries than the 3D simulators, planar simulators can be used for the most popular manufacturing technologies: chips, boards, and modules. They are widely used because they are usually faster than a 3D simulator to run for applicable geometries. Popular commercial planar simulators include NI AWR Design Environment’s AXIEM and Sonnet Software. Several problems immediately present themselves if these simulators are to be supported in one circuit design environment. First, how are planar layout and 3D layout tools supported in the same environment? Second, different simulators have different settings, which would seem to be in direct conflict with the concept of controlling all the simulators from one layout. For example, ports are treated very differently by different simulators. Third, how does the designer work with multiple technologies such as different board, module, and chip stackups? Solution: EM Socket II The new EM Socket™ II architecture within V13 of NI AWR Design Environment streamlines design flows between NI AWR software products and third-party EM tools. EM Socket II, the second generation of this technology that was first pioneered by AWR Corporation in the early 2000s, is designed to accomplish four main goals: - Provide a unified method for setting up EM stackup and material properties for a given process regardless of the EM simulator being used. The designer uses one STACKUP block which contains all necessary information for the EM simulator. - Create a single drawing environment for any supported simulator. 3D shapes are included, using 3D cells in a 2D layout environment whenever possible. The layout environment supports the use of parameterized cell (PCell) layout, thereby enabling swept parameter and optimized models. - Support multiple libraries/PDKs for different manufacturing technologies. Board, module, and chip technologies can all be used in the same EM project. This is accomplished by using the concept of hierarchy in the layout. Note that most libraries include layout cells for the various components in the library, for example bond pads and field-effect transistor (FET) layout cells. EM Socket supports use of these cells. - It is possible to send a layout directly to an EM simulator in EM Socket from the schematic layout using a concept called EM extraction. The designer does not need to redraw the layout; ports are automatically added and the results automatically brought back into the circuit simulator where they replace any models representing the layout. Challenge: Multi-Technology and Hierarchy A common problem in 3D EM simulators is the performance of the transition between two different process technologies. For example, the designer might be interested in the transition between a board and a ball grid arrayed module, or between a quad-flat no-leads (QFN) package and a chip by using bond wires. For example, Figure 1(a) shows a launch from a board, to a QFN package, and then onto a chip using bond wires. The signal leaves Port 1 at the edge of the simulation boundary, travels on the trace on the board, onto the QFN pad, up the bond wire, and ends at Port 2 on the chip. The designer is interested in optimizing the performance of the signal path. This example uses three different technologies, each with its own materials, layer stackup, and layout cells. The Microwave Office hierarchy feature, which organizes and controls multi-technology problems with multiple PDKs, has been streamlined in V13. At the circuit simulation and layout level, each schematic can work with one PDK describing one technology. For example, the top schematic is used for the board. The various models, design rules, and layout settings are all for the board. Layout cells come from the board PDK. Another schematic is used for the chip design, using a PDK with the corresponding necessary models and layout cells. The schematic describing the chip can be used as a sub-circuit in the design. In this way, the designer can simulate both the board and chip in one simulation. The S-parameters from the EM simulation of the layout in Figure 1 are needed to describe the transition between the board and the chip. The multiple technologies are again handled in the EM layout using the concept of hierarchy. Different PDKs are used for different cells. Each cell therefore has its own drawing layers and layout cells that can be used. Figure 1(b) shows an example of two of the grounding vias at the board level. These vias were drawn by the designer using pre-configured layout cells in the PDK and the signal line was drawn using a PCell in the PDK. The layout, in this case the line, is controlled by parameters. Here, the PCell for the line has parameters for width and length which can be continuously varied, tuned, and optimized. The ability to include the PDK’s PCells in EM layout greatly increases the power of EM Socket. Eventually, the layout is “flattened” before being sent to the EM simulator, meaning the hierarchy of the layout is removed and the layout consists of the various dielectric layers and shapes of all the sub-cells merged into one layout. The design can therefore send multi-technology layouts through EM Socket to other simulators such as HFSS or CST without worrying about hierarchy and how layout cells are handled. The external simulators are never involved in these issues; it is all handled by EM Socket. It should be noted that multi-technology type problems work with 3D simulators. Planar simulators require that planar, metal shapes be placed on the dielectric layers of the chip or board. These layers must be infinite in horizontal extent in the case of AXIEM, or go up to the simulation boundary in the case of Sonnet. It is possible to still use hierarchy as an organizational tool for the circuit, but the same technology must be used for all cells. Challenge: Ports and Boundaries All EM simulators need ports and the specifics of how the port functions depend on the simulator being used. For example, Analyst 3D simulator can have wave ports at the boundary of the layout and lumped ports inside the simulation space. AXIEM planar simulator, on the other hand, uses an edge port placed at the edge of a piece of metal and has no concept of a wave port, which only exists in 3D simulators. The designer places a port in the EM layout, and its specific properties then depend on the simulator being used. In Figure 1, for example, Port 1 is a wave port when simulated in Analyst. Port 2 on the MMIC could be a lumped port or a wave port, depending on how the designer wants to set up the problem. External simulators support different types of ports. For example, the link to ANSYS HFSS does not support the wave port shown in Figure 1, although it can be manually changed to a wave port later in HFSS. 3D simulators need boundaries at the edges of the simulation region as it is not possible to mesh an infinitely large space. The boundary in EM Socket is drawn as an arbitrary 2D polygon. In Figure 1 the designer drew the boundary to only enclose the region of interest around the board-to-chip transition. The designer has the ability to choose the specific type of boundary condition to be used on each side of the boundary. For this example, perfect conducting walls might be used. An approximate open boundary condition is used for the walls which attempts to simulate an infinite open region with no walls. It is a numerical analogy to the walls of an anechoic chamber, which is designed to make the walls look invisible to electromagnetic radiation. The specific way in which the approximate open boundary condition is implemented depends on the simulator. Analyst uses the popular 377 ohms/square impedance boundary condition to approximate a perfectly absorbing boundary. It also has options for a more sophisticated perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition, in which several thin layers of material are added to the boundary. HFSS and CST have their own variants of these boundary conditions. The simulation results for the board-package-chip launch are shown in Figure 2. The magnitude of S11 and S21 in dB are shown for two cases. The traces labeled “board partial package” are the geometry shown in Figure 1. The boundary only encloses the portion of the board, package, and chip relating to the launch study. The second case labeled “board with full package” has a simulation boundary that completely encloses the chip and package. There is an obvious resonance at about 11.5 GHz, which is due to the package becoming half a wavelength long and only being grounded on its periphery. This is a common problem in QFN packaging and designers are usually careful to add some type of grounding vias under the package. The point here is that the designer must remember that when using a boundary enclosing only part of the geometry, any effects of the omitted layout will be neglected. Solution: 3D and PDK (Library) Cells The EM socket layout interface is a 2D layout environment, where polygons are placed on drawing layers. The interface needs to support 3D EM tools and therefore 3D objects in layout. There are two ways to make 3D shapes: by extrusion of the polygons or by using 3D cells. Extrusion is a straightforward method in which a 2D polygon is drawn and a vertical distance is specified, either upward or downward. 3D cells are used for the bond wires and the QFN package used in the layout is shown in Figure 1, a close-up of which is shown in Figure 1(c). A library of pre-configured 3D cells is included in Microwave Office. The designer simply drags the cell into the layout and places it at the desired location. Vertical positioning and 3D rotation are supported. The layout of most cells is controlled by parameters, for example the number of pads in the QFN package or the length and angle of the bond wires. The philosophy behind 3D cells is that designers of RF and microwave circuits typically only use a small number of 3D cells such as bond wires, BGAs, SMA connectors, and coaxial cables. Typically, their layouts are mainly planar, with the 3D layout regions being between the planar technologies. As an example, a chip-to-package transition with bond wires or BGA technology requires a 3D simulator. The advantage of 3D cells is that the average designer does not need to spend time working in a full-blown 3D layout environment. EM Socket supports a full 3D editor if needed, enabling the designer to switch over to the 3D layout environment whenever necessary. Suppose a required 3D cell is not available and needs to be created. The designer can create the cell in the 3D editor using parameters where convenient and the cell can be easily inserted into the library of 3D cells for use at a later date. As mentioned earlier, preconfigured layout cells can be included in PDKs, if they are being used. It is even possible for a PDK to include full 3D cells such as a special package or transition used in the given technology. Again, Figure 3 shows the two grounding vias included in the board’s PDK. Solution: Shape Pre-Processing and Simplification Another feature that is common in the preconfigured libraries supplied within NI AWR Design Environment, specifically Microwave Office software, is shape pre-processing and simplification. When designers run EM and start getting into the layout, typically if they use a manufacturing or mechanical layout there are many features that don’t affect the EM. Obviously vias are circular on boards, but, depending on the frequency range and accuracy needed, a square via will do just as well and saves a tremendous number of meshes and therefore, simulation time. If the shape pre-processing rules are set up correctly, they can simplify the vias. Figure 3 shows how the vias in EM have become rectangles/squares. It is hard to see it in the image, but in the MMIC the vias have been converted to octagons. Each PDK or technology can have its own preprocessor. Many designers like to use something called “picket fences” on a board, where ground vias are stitched closely together to get better isolation. That is a large amount of meshes, but with shape preprocessing, designers can turn the picket fence into one long via wall, which saves a tremendous amount of meshes and yet at the same time gives the same performance in the EM. One of the convenient features about the PDKs in these shape pre-processing rules is that no matter what simulator they are being sent to, the designer can use the same shape simplification. Figure 4 shows the connectivity feature in EM Socket that is supported by Analyst. There is nothing worse than drawing up a 3D geometry, running it a long time in the simulation, and then discovering that it was not connected correctly. The connectivity feature shows the 3D connectivity, enabling the designer to see that the signal line has not been shorted out. Solution: EM Extraction EM extraction enables the designer to send a schematic layout directly to an EM simulator, run the simulation, and bring the resulting S-parameters back into the schematic. The circuit simulation with the S-parameters replacing the previous circuit models is rerun and the results in the graphs are updated automatically. The advantage of extraction is the ease of not having to redraw layout, thereby reducing the chance of error in setting up the EM. In V13, extraction has been extended to support 3D simulators such as HFSS and CST, as well as Analyst. The example in Figure 5 is a MMIC multi-technology module extracted to Analyst. Figure 5(a) shows the MMIC on a board with connecting bond wires. In the schematic in Figure 5(b) the elements (thick, finite dielectric blocks; bond wires; boundary; and ports) are selected in red and in Figure 5(c) the elements are extracted to EM. So the concept of extraction has been extended to 3D simulators, making the extraction process easier, less error prone, and more unified for designers. Solution: Data Sets of EM Results Once designers have the results (S-parameter file) from whatever simulator was chosen, they want to be able to easily use those results. NI AWR Design Environment provides data sets to control the versioning of the results so designers can go back and forth quickly between that data. The environment also supports a very tight coupling between the schematic layout and the EM layout, enabling users to create the EM layout from the schematic layout using extraction. Data sets are now being used for all EM. They store all the old simulation data, enabling designers to quickly swap between data sets, easily control graphs, access prior results to compare current and prior results on graphs, and swap data used by a schematic. There are many new advances in EM simulation technology, as well as in the environment that supports the simulators. Today’s complex multi-technology designs require multiple simulators, both planar and 3D, as well as third-party simulators and multiple processes. The ability to control everything from within one environment makes design simpler, less error prone, and more powerful because the same PDKs and libraries of PCells and design rules can be used in all simulators and multiple PDKs can be used for different technologies. In addition, the ability to perform circuit and EM simulation in one environment and with one setup ensures that all the simulators are getting the same information and the same layout, and providing reasonably accurate answers. Finally, the S-parameter results from EM simulations are easy to leverage because they are automatically used in the circuit simulator and the data sets that control the versioning are easy to swap between different results. NI AWR Design Environment, inclusive of Microwave Office circuit design software, as well as AXIEM and Analyst EM solver technologies, provides numerous benefits to the designer, including a common user interface, re-use of geometry data, direct embedding of EM results into the circuit hierarchy, and powerful pre-processing capabilities that can be carried out before the EM project is simulated. Learn more at ni.com/awr.
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I can tell you from experience that mSpy is probably the best spy app if you are looking for the most comprehensive option at an affordable price. Not to mention that most so-called spy app software are scams – they either don’t work as advertised or simply don’t reply to any of your messages. mSpy is different though. Installation is extremely convenient on both iPhone and Android phones, with complete installation guides. Plus, their customer support is top notch and they will try their very best to make the app work for you. With over 2000+ positive reviews, you can’t go wrong. In conjunction to the New Year Resolution promotion, mSpy is offering a special discount on all Premium Plan subscription to Suspekt readers. Click here to check price (discount applied automatically after clicking the link, valid only for a limited period of time). Don’t miss this special spy app deal. |Get The Best Deal |1. Best value for money 2. Powerful tracking features 3. 2000+ positive reviews |mSpy is probably the best hidden spy app for Android you could ever get your hands on. It’s the most comprehensive option with multiple tiers available depending on your needs. |Check Current Price |1. Advance spying technology 2. Simple installation process 3. 1500+ positive reviews |Eyezy is a robust spy app built with the latest technology. It has a wide range of spying features which makes it a very complete monitoring solution. There are also multiple installation methods to make it easier for the users. |Check Current Price |1. Best iPhone spy app 2. Packed with premium features 3. 1000+ positive reviews |Slightly more expensive compared to mSpy and other apps. That said, it has the most premium design and functionality. Great for users who prefer stability and ease of use. |Check Current Price |1. Great reputation 2. Full suite of tools 3. 500+ positive reviews |Famisafe is part of Wondershare’s suite of monitoring tools. The company is highly reputable and it’s a good option if you are looking for a complete suite of tools all managed under one system. |Check Current Price |1. Great customer support 2. Top notch user interface 3. 100+ positive reviews |A new comer to the phone tracking / spying industry. Design and user interface is top notch. |Check Current Price - What are Phone Spywares? - 9 Best Hidden Phone Spy Apps for Android and iPhone (Undetectable) - A Buyer’s Guide – How to Choose the Right Spy App for Spying on Mobile Devices - Key Features What are Phone Spywares? Spy apps are surveillance software that can be used to track a target without them knowing. These apps can monitor their cell phone usage such as their social media activities (WhatsApp, Facebook, Telegram, HangOuts, SnapChat), text messages, and even record their phone calls. The best spyware applications store all recorded data on the cloud, allowing you to check the information from anywhere. This feature makes them a reliable monitoring solution for parents, employers and spouses. Here’s 9 of the best hidden phone spy apps for Android and iPhones: mSpy – Best Overall Spy App mSpy is one of the best phone surveillance app available on the market and it is geared towards helping you monitor your children, employees, and partner’s cell phone usage. In terms of reliability and support, this is honestly as good as you can hope for. This amazing phone spy app also comes up top in our best catch a cheater apps round up. The basic monitoring software package does not require jailbreaking and it’s one of the best choices for those who are not tech savvy and prefer to skip more complicated procedure. However, the full version of mSpy gives you unlimited access to everything that’s happening on the phone on both iPhone and Android and it does all this without alerting the target as it hides the app icon. Regardless of which type of phone your target is using (Android or iPhone), mSpy has got you covered as it works seamlessly in both operating systems. This phone app for spying comes with all the features like monitoring of sms messages, IMs, contact list, call log, and location tracking. To elaborate further, this phone spy app excels in activity tracking. It records all internet activities and app usage of the targeted phone in detail. Location tracking wise, this phone app utilizes advance gps technology to provide accurate real time location data. The app comes in a jailbreak and non-jailbreak version for iPhones as well as a root and non-root version for Android users. For those who struggle with technology yet want to have full access to their child’s device, mSpy has a reliable tech support that will quickly give you answers and guide you through to installing the app onto your target device which makes it the best phone spy app available. While the mobile phone spy app does not offer some of the more advanced features seen in its competitors, the app itself does offer all the necessary features, simple installation and an intuitive web control panel at a very competitive price. Update: After working closely with mSpy for a couple of months (by providing them with user’s feedback), this phone spy app is now much more robust and user friendly. Don’t take my word for it. Head over to their website and check out their demo version. For the price, it’s probably the best spy app for both Android and iPhone users. Update: This app no longer offers the basic version, but with our special discount, you will get the Premium version at a much cheaper price. Also, it depends on which subscription term (1 month, 3 months or 1 year) you subscribe to. The normal monthly price for the premium plan subscription is at $48,.99/month. If you subscribe to the yearly plan, the cost per month will be greatly reduced. Compatibility: All versions for iPhone; 4+ and above for Android - Competitive Pricing - Compatible for both Android and iOS devices - Easy installation - Hidden spy app (not searchable on your device) - Activity Tracker to monitor screentime - GeoFencing capabilities - Capability to view media files - Features a family package to monitor multiple targets - Highly responsive tech support - Lacks more advanced features FlexiSPY is one of the best phone spy app as it features some unique and incredibly useful functions not offered by other phone spy software on top of all the basic cell phone monitoring application features discussed above. The live phone call recording function stands out from the rest. This is among the best mobile spy apps on the market for those who are more comfortable with technology and are willing to spend a bit more for advanced features. This powerful cell phone monitoring software keeps you up to date and the capability to track everything that happens on the target device remotely. The FlexiSPY Extreme version offers unmatched spy capabilities. FlexiSPY not only gives you access to call logs, but it even lets you listen in on phone calls as they happen. Aside from that, it monitors smartphone activity and app usage closely, so you know exactly what is going on. Other than that, the app is not limited to Android devices, but it works just as seamlessly on iOS versions phone, tablets, Nokia Symbian, and even Blackberry. For those that require technical assistance, FlexiSPY has a solid technical support that will help you out with installation, jailbreaking, and any ongoing maintenance. This phone spyware has been around since 2005 and has certainly set the bar for advanced mobile phone monitoring and spy capabilities. The most notable features are the capacity to record and listen to live phone calls, and even listen to the ambient surroundings anytime. The bottom line is that this is a really advanced spying app that sounds something like CIA or NSA hacks. Premium: $12/month for 12 months subscription, $33/month for 3 months subscription, $68/month Extreme: $29.08/month for 12 months package, $66.66/month for 3 months package Compatibility: All versions up to 9.1, Untethered 12.4 – 13.2 for iPhones; Android 4.0.4 – Android 10 - Most powerful Android spy app available with advanced features - Listen in on calls real time and call recording - Hidden spy apps on phone - Ambient listening function - Easy to use on both Android and iOS devices - Preinstalled spy apps phone - iOS installation requires jailbreak - Higher pricing compared to others XNSPY – Best iPhone Spy Apps XNSPY is another innovative phone spy app that has been designed to spy on Android and iOS devices that offers users the capability to read your target’s text messages, track the phone’s current location, and spy on their activities on the phone without alerting the target. Designed to allow parents and employers to track everything that happens on the cellphone, XNSPY provides some additional spying features such as monitoring social media messages (like instant messages on WhatsApp, Instagram, SnapChat, Facebook Messenger, Twotter), access to photos and videos stored in the device, as well as GPS location tracking features. Not to mention, XNSPY is designed to track and record all browsing activity and app usage on the targeted device. All data are uploaded onto the app’s Live Control Panel that you can access anytime to monitor multiple devices. You can quickly switch between each device on your dashboard to save plenty of time, especially when you have a lot of data to check. One disadvantage is that XNSPY’s free customer service isn’t worth shouting about with poor response time. In any case, the company has listed solutions to commonly asked questions online for you to search on their website before needing to contact their team. Nonetheless, XNSPY is still a solid choice with all the common functionalities you’d expect from a spy app. Basic Edition: $29.99 per month or $59.99/year Premium Edition: $35.99/month or $89.99/year Compatibility: iOS 6.x up to 13.2.3; Android 4 up to 9 - Live control panel - GPS location tracking - Solid keylogger function - Conveniently tracks multiple devices - Advanced spying features require jailbreak or need to root cell phone - Expensive packages compared to others - Slow response from customer support iKeyMonitor – Best Budget Option This is another easy and user-friendly cellphone monitoring app that offers many of the spy features discussed above. It even has a convenient online dashboard that lets you review the data collected from the target device. On top of that, you can even have remote control over the target phone through SMS commands and set a screen time limit. The limitation for this app is that it requires you to root or jailbreak the cell phone to really be able to appreciate the full services of iKeyMonitor. So, if you’re not so comfortable with the procedure, you may want to look elsewhere, or you can hire other companies like Highster Mobile that can do this for you for a small fee. Despite having a little bit more technically involved and complicated installation process, the iKeyMonitor app is a pretty solid package that features all the spying functionality advertised at a very reasonable price per month. Although the iKeyMonitor spy software offers a keystroke logging feature that records everything a user types, you need to jailbreak/need to root the cell phone to take advantage of the functionality. Nonetheless, this app is a decent choice that is affordable with even a free trial for you to try out before making the final decision. Full: $59.99/month or $29.16/month for 12 months package Compatibility: iOS 9.x to 12.4.x; Android 2.3 and above - Basic yet powerful spy app - Free 3 days trial - Powerful keylogger to monitor chat apps - Capture screenshots to check their phone screen - Parental control to limit screen time feature - Advanced monitoring features require jailbreak or rooting SpyFone – Top Cell Phone Spy App If you want the keylogger feature (check out the best Android keylogger) without the complicated procedure of rooting or jailbreaking a phone, the SpyFone may be a solid option worth considering. On top of offering a fairly reliable monitoring service for both iOS and Android target devices, SpyFone also has a dedicated support team that will quickly respond and offer support for when something goes wrong. Feature-wise, SpyFone offers pretty much the same functionality as mSpy (in our opinion, the best spy app). On top of the typical features you’d expect, SpyFone even lets you live stream the microphone and camera access on the target mobile phone device anytime you wish. This means you get to see and hear everything that happens around the cell phone. It even has a GPS tracking feature to show you where and when your target has been in the last 24 hours. Not only that, but SpyFone even provides a user-friendly dashboard with one of the cleanest and most intuitive user experience. Another great thing is that the company offers a one-time payment instead of a monthly plan. The SpyFone spy app comes in two versions: jailbreak and non-jailbreak. Advanced features including social media (WhatsApp, Facebook, WeChat) monitoring requires you to jailbreak the target iOS device while Android smartphones require rooting if you want the ability to check social media instant messages. However, there is a workaround to this if you use the keylogger function. Although SpyFone does not offer other advanced features like phone call recording, camera activation, and ambient recording, this is still a solid phone spy app software that is worth considering. Basic Package: $8.33/ month or $99.99/year Premium Package: $16.66/month or $199.95/year Xtreme Package: $24.99/month or $29/95/year Compatibility: Works on all iOS and Android phone - Good technical support - Reliable spying app for smartphones, tablet, Windows PC and Mac for computer monitoring - Spying capability on all major messaging apps - Keylogger function - Access to web browsing history and multimedia files - Stealth mode (Hidden Spy app) - GPS Monitoring - Requires jailbreak for other advanced features - Need to root cell phone for full functionality on Android phones Hoverwatch is one of the many cell phone spy apps that feature all the typical functionalities like tracks and record phone calls, texts, instant messages, locations, and visited websites. If you’re one of those that prefer to monitor your child’s movements and communications online, then Hoverwatch is the answer for you. With this app, you get to record and download phone calls, activate a camera to take photos of anyone trying to unlock the device, remotely snap screenshots of the user’s device to let you know what is going on with the phone right now. The spy phone apps manufacturer even lets you do it all through their secure web portal. While Hoverwatch’s pricing may be a little high, we believe it is a small price to pay considering an account with them lets you remotely track your child’s location, monitor their social media usage, view their browsing history, read their instant messages, and record incoming and outgoing calls. Personal Plan: $24.95/month Professional Plan: $49.95/month Business Plan: $149.95/month Compatibility: Works on all android devices, MAC computers, and windows phone - Allows accessing browsing history easily - Supports Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox - Can capture screenshot - Needs to be installed into target device physically - GPS Locations tracking can be inaccurate Spyic is the best choice if you’re looking for an undetectable spy app for your target Android phone. The smartphone spy app provides users with an abundance of spy features and has already helped many concerned parents keep their kids safe from cyberbullying and strangers. A great thing about Spyic is that it does not require rooting your Android phone to start working. The quick app installation only takes 5 minutes of your time to give you remote access to the relevant information and data you need. With the ability to monitor text message, view call history, social media apps (WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger), instant messengers, media files, keystrokes, web activities, calendar entries, address book, running apps, web browser monitoring, and more, this cell phone spy app will help you keep a close eye on your child’s online activities and their browser history on the mobile device. This is a simple cell phone spy software that offers basic features. Spyic is a great choice for those who are not so technologically savvy and want to skip out the more complicated rooting/jailbreaking without sacrificing spying capabilities. - Works without rooting - Stealth mode (Hidden spy apps) - Offers an online demo - Does not feature the ability to monitor live surroundings - Only available in a number of languages SpyHuman is yet another all-in-one spy software that does not require any complicated rooting procedure. The cell phone monitoring software offers many common features like text messages monitoring, keylogging, social media tracking, app tracking, and even some more advanced functionalities like record calls. One interesting feature that is worth mentioning is that SpyHuman app allows you to blacklist specific phone numbers and contacts to block them from calling your child. Other than that, this spy software even offers you the capacity to listen in and record phone surroundings to help you monitor what is being said around the cell phone. In addition to that, SpyHuman also gives users remote control to enable or disable the end user phone’s Wi-Fi or internet connection from their online account. This is a handy feature as you can control when your child’s internet access on their smartphone and help control “screen time”. Other than spying capabilities, SpyHuman is also a great anti-theft solution as it can send you alerts when there are any SIM card changes while the GPS tracking feature that helps you locate your device without the thief knowing. Many of the features offered on SpyHuman are available free of charge. However, if you want to use all their features, you’ll need to subscribe to their premium plan that costs as little as $9.99 a month. Overall, SpyHuman is an affordable and reliable spying app that less tech-savvy users can count on. - Affordable premium plan - Works without rooting - Call recording feature - Blacklist phone number - SIM Card change notification - Installation process can be complicated Last on our list is SpyBubble, yet another solid option to help you keep track of the phone activities on your target Android devices remotely. This phone spy app will send you detailed report on the user’s location, travel routes, phone calls, texts, social media activity, and even internet browsing history. Not only that, but you can even count on the phone spy apps to help you keep an eye on emails, images, and videos stored in the phone’s gallery. SpyBubble does all of this in the background so as to not alert your target that you are observing them. All information is uploaded online that you can access, anytime anywhere. If you’re worried about compatibility, the spy phone app even lets you check if your Android target device is compatible with the software before you purchase it. Once installed, you’ll be able to enjoy a reliable and intuitive user interface. The bottom line is that SpyBubble is a reliable mobile phone spy app that completes your monitoring experience and is 100% undetectable. - Stealth mode - Easy to use - Advanced features - May be expensive There are many ways and spying applications that you can choose to help you monitor a smart device without notifying the target. However, most spying apps require you to have physical access to install the mobile spy app into the target phone first before giving you full control remotely. There are several options that help you circumvent this requirement by giving you access to the cell phone’s information via iCloud, but these only work on Apple devices. To sum up, if you need to rely on monitoring app for Android devices or other devices to help you check up on your children or employee monitoring, our list above offers some of the best cell phone spy apps that you can count on. Other spy apps include Cocospy, uMobix, Highster Mobile Spy, MobiStealth, SpyEra, MobileSpy, and Cerberus. That said, mSpy is still my top recommendation as it offers great features at an affordable price. A Buyer’s Guide – How to Choose the Right Spy App for Spying on Mobile Devices Before we head on to our list, let us first spend a little time talking about the aspects you need to take into consideration before purchasing a membership with a spy app company as well as the factors that differentiate a good spy app from the rest. Are you using Android or iPhone? You need to understand that the top spy app for Android is not necessarily also the best for iPhone devices. Since they’re different operating systems, there could be certain functionalities and capabilities that are limited within themselves. While most features are compatible with either of them, there are certain unique features that are only available on cell phone monitoring apps for Androids while some are only for iPhones. Is jailbreaking or rooting the phone required? While there are plenty of spyware solutions available that lets you spy on your target phone’s data and track its current location, a great deal of information that can be provided really depends on whether you root the Android device or not. Although the rooting procedure may be a little bit more complex, it provides absolute access to everything on the phone. Apple phones, on the other hand, use a different process called jailbreaking since it runs on the iOS operating system platform. Smartphone spy apps for iOS generally can be categorized into two: those that require jailbreaking the device and those that don’t. However, there is one notable exception that lets you get the most data out of an iPhone without the need to even install the app on your target device. Instead, what it does is that it gives you remote access to all the backups that are regularly stored by the phone into the iCloud. Do any spy apps really work? Obviously, not all spy apps work as advertised. Legit spywares work exactly as described in this article. Basically, it allows you to track live location, record phone calls and messages, monitor social media activities and a bunch of other features. If you are still not convinced that these apps can work, I suggest you head over to the phone spy apps we recommend above and give their demo account a test run. Are free phone spy apps available? There are many free phone spy apps available but there are a few reason you should to go for premium options listed above. From our testing, free apps are often limited in functionalities which greatly defeats the purpose of installing a spy app. Sometimes, these free apps might contain harmful malwares that would infect your device instead. What makes a good spy app? A good spy app should be able to track and monitor a wide range of cell phone activities including texts, calls and live location. Also, you should always look at legit spyware companies that have great customer support as it will save you a whole lot of hassle especially when it comes to the installation process. Are spy apps legal? First of all, it’s important to know that every country has their own regulations and the best way to know is to consult a local attorney. That said, in most countries, it’s perfectly fine to install a spy app simply because they provide an extra layer of security. One good example would be knowing the location of your kids. Can someone spy on your phone without you knowing it? Most phone spy apps are hidden from plain sight once they are being installed on your phone. Unless you scan your phone regularly with a trustable antivirus, you probably won’t know. Regardless of your intended purpose for installing a spy app, most mobile device spyware generally offers the same basic features. Here are a few important features of a quality spy app: GPS Phone Tracking Do you want to track location on the target phone without permission? This feature is especially important if you are interested in the entire location history as well as tracking the exact location of the target phone in real time. This is particularly useful especially when monitoring your kid as you will now know all the locations they have been. GPS tracking is a really nice advance feature to have. A good mobile phone tracker app even has the option to let you set up safe zones called geo fencing. You will instantly receive notifications if and when your child leaves any of these pre-allocated safe zones. Monitoring Text Messages Many people now communicate via messages and they use this method to talk about their personal life, business, and even most of their secrets. It is undeniable that you can get a ton of details from texts alone and that is why this is yet another important feature that most spyware should have. Some apps even let you log all texts that can be downloaded at a later time. This means that you get to even read someone’s phone messages that have been deleted by the target. Another great feature that certain spyware has is the ability to notify you when certain phrases and keywords such as “give me your address”, “are you alone?”, and “are your parents home?” appear anywhere in your target phone. With so many chatting apps available now, it can be difficult to track all the ways your child or spouse may be communicating with. Spying on conversations and (IM) instant messaging apps such as WhatsApp messages, LINE, SnapChat, Tinder, Skype, iMessages, and Viber is a bit more involved than just reading SMS text messages or view call logs and call duration. If you are interested in monitoring Snapchat activities, here’s a list of the best Snapchat spy apps. Some apps now offer this capability in a user-friendly and easy way that lets you monitor chat conversations across multiple platforms through a dashboard on your web account browser. The ability to monitor social media conversations such as in WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger is particularly handy for parents who might be worried about cyber-bullying as you can quickly log in and check their messages, posts, and activities. The capability to check the call history lets you monitor who they call and who calls them. While this is a standard feature in most mobile spy apps, some even go the extra mile to let you listen in on their conversation with their friends and make a live call intercept. Some mobile spy apps will record all calls on the phone for you to access and eavesdrop later. As a Master Degree graduate in the Internet Technology field, Stefan is highly dedicated towards improving the overall web security so internet users can browse freely without having to be afraid of technical loopholes. With over 15 years in the internet security industry, you should definitely take his advice seriously.
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DOMAIN NAMES REGISTRATION AND SUPPORT AGREEMENT This Agreement is an offer (public offer) for any legal or natural person to conclude an agreement on the provision of services for domain names registration and support (hereinafter referred to as the Agreement). The Agreement is publicly available in line with the Article 633 of the Civil Code of Ukraine and its terms and conditions are the same for all consumers. According to the Art. 642 of the Civil Code of Ukraine the fact of payment for services by an individual or legal entity and the Contractor’s receipt to confirm the fact of such a payment is undertaken as the confirmation of acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Agreement. A proposal to conclude an Agreement (offer) is considered accepted the same moment when a legal or natural person is registering on the Contractor’s website at https://www.ukrnames.com. For the purposes of this Agreement, the following basic terms and abbreviations apply:: Subscriber is a natural or legal person who has accepted the terms and conditions of this Agreement and paid for the services provided by the Contractor. Account is an account placed on https://www.ukrnames.com/, containing information about the subscriber and is necessary for its registration, personalization and authorization. Contractor is a legal entity registered in Ukraine that provides services for the domain names registration and support on the Internet. Domain is a designation consisting of a set of characters and numbers that defines the address of websites, e-mail and other services on the Internet. Services are meaning the services of registration and support of domain names consumed in the process of performing a certain action or carrying out a certain activity. Registrant is a person (Subscriber) in whose interests the domain name registration is carried out. Registrar is a person (performer) who provides services to ensure domain name registration and operation. Transfer is a change of the Registrar of a domain name. DNS is a Domain Name System (Domain Name System). NIC-handle is a unique identifier of the domain owner in the WHOIS database. IP address is a web-address on the Internet. Primary DNS server is the main server that stores information about the domain. Secondary DNS server is a secondary server that stores information about the domain. This information is periodically updated by the Primary DNS server. MX record is an entry in the DNS server configuration file. Defines servers that accept mail for this domain. A record is an entry in the DNS server configuration file. Specifies the IP address of the domain, subdomain. NS record is an entry in the DNS server configuration file. Specifies the DNS servers that host information about this domain. ICANN is the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and IP Addresses (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), an international organization responsible for IP address space management and the Internet's domain name system. WHOIS is a service designed to obtain contact information and technical information about domain names, IP addresses and other network information. The Whois service is a public Internet service (Public Service Regulations [ https://hostmaster.ua/services/] ). By accepting the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Registrant confirms that: according to his information, neither the registration of a domain name, nor the procedure for its use violates the intellectual property rights of third parties; the contact information that is provided when registering a domain name is correct and current; Registrant contact information may be published by Ukrainian and international WHOIS services in accordance with generally accepted documents governing the procedure for registering domain names 1. THE SUBJECT OF THE AGREEMENT 1.1. The Contractor offers its services to the Registrants under the terms and conditions defined by this Agreement. 1.2. Services are provided through a web interface and specialized hardware and software. 1.3. The Contractor provides the following services to the Subscriber: domain names registration and support in the Ukrainian, foreign and international domain zones; technical consulting services in the domain name registration area. 1.4. The Contractor performs domain name registration on the basis of agreements concluded with domain administrators and other registrar organizations. 1.5. Operations with domain names are performed in accordance with the rules and regulations of the domain zone in which it is registered: - .UA Domain zone Policy [https://hostmaster.ua/policy/?ua] - .COM.UA Domain zone Policy [https://hostmaster.ua/policy/?com.ua] - .KIEV.UA Domain zone Policy [https://hostmaster.ua/policy/?kiev.ua] - Regulations of public services (WHOIS) [https://hostmaster.ua/services/] - Regulations of second-level public domains registration https://hostmaster.ua/policy/2ld.ua] - Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy in the .UA domain zone (from March 19, 2019) [https://hostmaster.ua/policy/ua-drp/] - Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP) [https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-2012-02-25-ru] - Specificity of second-level domains registration [https://hostmaster.ua/2ld/] - Regulations of domain names registration and use in the .УКР domain zone [http://uanic.net/pravila-registracii-i-polzovaniya-domennymi-imenami-v-domene-ukr/] - Rights and obligations of international domain names registrants [http://www.icann.org/en/resources/registrars/registrant-rights/benefits] - and other domain zones, the rules and regulations of which are published on the official websites of these domain zones. 1.6. The subscriber confirms that at the time of the conclusion of this Agreement neither the registration of the domain name, nor the procedure for its use does not directly or indirectly violate the rights of third parties. 1.7. Services are provided to subscribers having access to the Internet and installed software for working with the web interface, based on this Agreement. 2. PERSONAL DATA 2.1. By concluding the Agreement, the Subscriber confirms that he is fully acquainted and agrees with its terms and conditions, and, if the Subscriber is an individual, agrees to the processing by the Contractor of his personal data in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Personal Data". 2.2. The Subscriber’s personal data is processed in order to ensure that they receive invoices, acts and other documents, carry out mutual settlements, identify and prevent violations of the Subscriber’s and/or his clients rights, violations of third parties’ rights, ensure security and eliminate technical problems. 2.3. In some cases, the Subscriber, at the request of the Contractor, is obliged to provide a written consent of third parties to the processing of their personal data. 2.4. By concluding this contract, the Subscriber agrees that the Contractor’s employees and consultants have access to the Subscriber’s personal data. 2.5. The Contractor has the right to provide access and transfer the provided personal data of the Subscriber to third parties in order to comply with the clause 2.2. of actual Agreement. If it is necessary to transfer personal data of the Subscriber for a purpose not related to this Agreement, the Contractor notifies the Subscriber about this by sending an e-mail to the email-address provided by the Subscriber. 2.6. In order to provide services of domain name registration under the Agreement, personal data of the Registrant, as well as personal data of third parties provided by the Registrant with their consent, can be transferred to the root domain registry administrators in which the domain name is registered, and also to providers, operators and WHOIS services users, ICANN, escrow agents, auditors, and to any registrar who can be assigned by ICANN to transfer a domain. 3. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES 3.1. Responsibilities of the Contractor: - provide full services to the Subscriber under the terms and conditions defined by this Agreement; - provide services after the fact of payment for services by the Subscriber; - take all necessary measures to provide high-quality services. In case of any disputes between the Contractor and the Registrant, as well as with the participation of third parties, take all legal measures to protect the interests of the Registrant (Subscriber). 3.2. Responsibilities of the Subscriber: - provide complete, truthful and accurate information in the quantity necessary for the provision of services by the Contractor. The information provided by the Subscriber, with the exception of personal data of the Subscriber, if necessary, can be published in open sources. - update the contact information and inform the Registrar about any contact changes within 7 (seven) days from the day when such data changed; - provide a reply to the Registrar's request for the relevance of the personal information provided by the Subscriber within 7 (seven) days from the date of receipt of such a request; - upon request of the Contractor, provide copies of a passport or other document proving the identity of the Subscriber; - pay for the Services in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the scope of services that the Contractor must provide. 3.3. Rights of the Contractor: - temporarily or completely terminate the provision of services to the Subscriber and demand written explanations from the Subscriber in the following cases: lack of payment for the Services; inaccurate contact information provided by the Subscriber or failure to provide such information at the request of the Contractor, failure of the Subscriber to respond to the request of the Contractor to confirm the relevance of contact information within 15 (fifteen) calendar days from the receipt of such a request; actions aimed at restricting or hindering other users from accessing the services provided by the Contractor, as well as attempting unauthorized access to the Contractor’s resources and other systems via the Internet - in case of violation by the Subscriber of its obligations under this Agreement, terminate the contractual relationship with the Subscriber unilaterally with the simultaneous sending of a written electronic notice. The moment of termination of the contract and termination of services shall be considered the date of sending the corresponding message to the Subscriber. 3.4. Subscriber Rights: - require the Contractor to provide the Services in the amount and under the terms and conditions of this Agreement; - receive from the Contractor information about the Services; - provide complaints, comments and suggestions regarding the provision of services by the Contractor. 4. COST OF SERVICES AND CALCULATION PROCEDURE 4.1. Payment for services by the Contractor is made in national currency at the rate at the time of payment and in accordance with the tariffs set at the time of the provision of services on the basis of a 100 percent prepayment. 4.2. Services are considered paid at the time of receipt of funds on the current account of the Contractor. 4.3. In case of non-payment or late payment, the Contractor has the right to suspend/stop the provision of services and is not responsible for the possible consequences of such a decision/action. 4.4. When making a payment, the Subscriber is obliged to indicate in the payment document the invoice number issued by the Contractor, and to identify the paid Services. 4.5. In the case when a paid domain cannot be registered or its validity cannot be extended for reasons beyond the control of the Contractor, the amount transferred by the Registrant can be used by it to pay for other Services or returned to the Registrant in any way available at that time minus the payment system commission charged for money transfer. 5. OBLIGATIONS AT REGISTRATION. PASSWORD AND SAFETY 5.1. In order to use the service of the Contractor, the Registrant agrees to provide true, accurate and complete information about himself in the quantity necessary for the provision of services. Registrant have to independently maintain this information up to date. 5.2. The registrant is responsible for the security of his login and password, as well as for everything that will be done on the Contractor’s website under the Registrant’s login and password. The registrant agrees that he is obliged to immediately notify the Contractor about any unauthorized (not allowed by the Registrant) access with the Registrant's login and password and/or any security breach, and also that the Registrant completes the work with his password ( "Exit") at the end of each session of work with the service of the Contractor. The Contractor shall not be liable for possible loss or damage to data that may occur due to the Registrant’s violation of the provisions of this part of the Agreement. 5.3. The registrant undertakes to indemnify and protect the Contractor, as well as the corresponding domain zone administrators (including Verisign Inc., Neulevel, Inc., Public Interest Registry, Afilias Limited and other registries listed at http://www.icann.org/registries/listing.html), as well as all officials, managers and employees of these companies and organizations from any claims, damages, liability, losses and expenses, including any reasonable attorney fees and expenses arising from services provided by the Contractor under this Agreement . 5.4. The registrant agrees not to reproduce, repeat or copy, sell or resell, and not to use any part of the service, use of services or access to them for any commercial purposes, except when such permission is given to the Registrant by the Contractor. The Contractor shall not be liable under any contract between the Registrants and third parties. 6. PROCEDURE FOR PROVIDING SERVICES 6.1. In order to protect the Registrant's rights to use a registered domain name, as well as to ensure an effective and universal procedure for registering and managing domain names registered in different domain zones, the Contractor may enter its contact details to the WHOIS services of foreign, Russian and Ukrainian administrators when registering domain names. The Contractor undertakes to change the contact details of the domain name upon the written request of the Registrant after providing them with a document proving his identity. 6.2. The Contractor does not guarantee unconditional fulfillment of the order. All provided Services are provided on an “as is” basis, taking into account that technical systems may include undetected technical errors, the consequence of which is the impossibility of providing services or their late execution. In addition, the circumstances caused by human factors or force majeure events caused by social and natural disasters (wars, fires, floods, revolutions, government actions, etc.) can lead to the impossibility of providing the Services or their late implementation. 6.3. If it is impossible to fulfill the assumed obligations for the reasons specified in the clause 6.2., the Contractor shall be liable within the amounts received from the Subscriber as payment for services. 6.4. The Contractor shall not be liable beyond the limits of the amounts received from the Subscriber as payment for the Services. 6.5. The transfer of the Registrant’s domain name to other Registrar is possible not later than 7 days before the expiration of the term for delegation of the domain name. The specified period depends on the current rules of the domain zone in which the domain name is registered. 6.6. The Contractor reserves the right to terminate customer service without refund of the cost of services in the following cases: - systematic violation of generally accepted rules of etiquette (placement of materials inciting ethnic/interfaith strife, materials on the trade in arms, drugs, etc.); - malicious actions (hacking, attack, etc.) aimed at unauthorized changes to the standard operating procedure of the Contractor’s servers or to discredit the Contractor; - in the case of a court decision, as well as in other cases provided for by current legislation; - if, according to a properly executed requirement of the competent authorities (courts, law enforcement agencies), the contact information provided by the Registrant does not allow to identify the Registrant, as well as in cases where the contact information is not reliable. 6.7. If the Contractor’s DNS is used as the IP address for the domain name, the Contractor’s IP address contains the default IP address of the Contractor with the settings for the Contractor’s service web page. 7. SPECIFICITY OF REGISTRATION IN SOME DOMAIN AREAS 7.1. Domain names in the .UA zone may be delegated only to the owners of the rights to the respective trademarks (word signs for goods and services), which are valid for the territory of Ukraine. To register a domain name, the Registrant is obliged to provide a scanned copy of the Trademark Registration Certificate issued by the Gospatent of Ukraine or a certificate from the Department of Ukraine stating that such a trademark has international registration and is protected on the territory of Ukraine. The scanned document should be sent to the address [email protected] indicating the Registrant's login. Within 10 days after the registration of the domain name in the .UA zone, the Registrant is obliged to send a notarized copy of the document confirming his rights to the trademark to the address: 61003, Kharkov, PO Box 9331. Detailed information about the specificity of domain registration in the .UA zone is provided on the next page https://www.ukrnames.com/eng/info/ua-rules/. To order a domain in the .UA zone the Registrant must indicate the number of the certificate on the Trademark. The Registrant agrees and accepts the .UA Domain Policy, that is available at: https://hostmaster.ua/policy/?ua, and also undertakes to take full responsibility in the case of providing with false information about the rights to the Mark(s) for goods and services. 7.2. Registration of a domain name in the .AERO zone can be done only by organizations and individuals associated with the air industry. 8. RESPONSIBILITY TO THIRD PARTIES 8.1. The Contractor shall not be liable for the use of domain names registered with its help, as well as of the content of any web-materials published under such domain names. 9. VALIDITY OF THE CONTRACT. PROCEDURE FOR CHANGES AND TERMINATIONS 9.1. The Subscriber has the right at any time to unilaterally withdraw from the Contractor’s Services. In this case, refunds, including prepayments for Services, are not made. 9.2. The Contractor is entitled at any time to unilaterally deny service to the Subscriber without explaining the reasons; at that, money is returned to the Subscriber for the full months of unused volume of Services. 9.3. Domain name registration is subject to suspension, cancellation or transfer to another person in accordance with any specification, regulation or policy that the Registrar must adhere to or in accordance with any Registrar procedures in case it is necessary to correct the Registrar's error in the domain name or resolve disputes related to the registered domain name. 9.4. The Agreement enters into force from the moment of payment for the Services in the manner prescribed by this Agreement, and is valid for the duration of the ordered service. 9.5. For all matters not regulated by this Agreement, the parties are guided by the current legislation of Ukraine. 10. PROCEDURE FOR CONSIDERATION OF CLAIMS AND RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES 10.1. Unless otherwise established by an additional agreement between the Contractor and the Registrar, all claims, requests, questions, any other correspondence should be sent to the email address [email protected] 10.2. To resolve disputes arising between the Contractor and the Registrants as a result of the provision of services, the following complaint procedure applies: - The Registrant, who believes that his rights and interests have been violated due to the actions of the Contractor, sends the complaint to the email [email protected] - Within 10 (ten) working days from the date of receipt of the claim, the Contractor may state his position on the principal issues indicated in the latter and send his answer to the email address specified in the claim. In case of failure to resolve the dispute by means of a complaint procedure, the dispute shall be subject to consideration in accordance with the Agreement. - anonymous claims or claims that do not allow identifying a user on the basis of the data provided to them during registration are not considered. - The Contractor reserves the right to make a final decision on the received claim. 10.3. In the case a dispute arising in connection with the registration and use of a domain name cannot be settled in a complaint procedure, the dispute shall be resolved by a competent court. 10.4. The recognition by the court of any provision of the Agreement as invalid or not enforceable does not entail the invalidity or non-fulfillment of other provisions of the Agreement. 10.5. When considering disputes, as evidence, the parties are entitled to provide printed e-mails with stored technical information in them (headers). In case technical information (headers) is absent, such letter is not a proof. The originality of the e-mail headers can be confirmed by the Internet Service Provider, through which the corresponding e-mail was sent or by independent experts. 11. DOMAIN NAME TRANSFER TO ANOTHER REGISTRAR 11.1. Transfer of domain names to another registrar is possible if: - Not less than 60 calendar days have passed since the last transfer from another registrar - Not less than 60 calendar days have passed since domain name registration - There are no restrictions imposed on the domain name by the Contractor, law enforcement agencies or the court; - The term of domain registration has not expired; 11.2. For the transfer of a domain name, for security purposes, the Contractor may request from the Registrant verification documents, as well as the original application for transfer. 11.3. The way of support of a domain name in the case when it is not served by a registrar: [https://hostmaster.ua/documents.php]
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This August, NHS patients with advanced cancer of the kidney were confronted with the news that the NHS would no longer pay for the latest and most effective drugs available to treat their condition. They were told that the treatment was not "cost effective", since it might only prolong life by a few months. It is simply outrageous that a price should have been placed on these people's lives. But nevertheless, this was the decision made by the government's "National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence", or, ironically, "NICE" for short. NICE is the "independent" body set up by the government in 1999, to approve drugs and other clinical treatments for funding by the NHS, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. (Scotland has its own body, although it usually conforms to NICE guidelines). NICE is also meant to have ended the so-called "postcode lottery" whereby a drug available and paid for by the NHS in one part of the country is refused to patients in another part. But instead, this has turned into another bureaucratic failure, as, although NICE's rulings are meant to be adhered to by Primary Care Trusts to ensure that all patients throughout the country are treated equally, PCTs make the final decision in line with their budgets. So the "postcode lottery" continues. What a NICE "QALY" Today it is generally accepted as a fact that no national health service in any country can offer patients all the many new treatments coming on stream. The argument goes, that this would be far to expensive and no state budget could bear it. So it is also accepted as fact that some rationing of treatments and NHS facilities is inevitable. This is the real reason for the existence of NICE - to justify the rationing of NHS treatments. And if it can use what sound like "scientific" excuses for this, all the better. So NICE bases its advice regarding the acceptability of new drugs, which NHS organisations are expected "to take fully into account", on a formula - which it also claims is "internationally recognised". The units of measure used, are called "QALYs" or "quality-adjusted life years". A new treatment is compared with the existing standard treatment, and assessed according to the QALYs which would be gained - extra years multiplied by the quality of life measured on a scale of 0 to 1 - as a result of using the new treatment. Then the difference in cost between old and new treatments is divided by the QALYs gained, to arrive at a particular sum of money per "quality-adjusted life year". If a treatment costs more than £20,000 to £30,000 per QALY then it is not considered to be cost effective and NICE will expect the NHS bodies not to pay for it. So for instance, in the case of the anti-kidney cancer drugs, the clinical director of NICE, Professor Peter Littlejohns said that although they had "the potential to extend progression free survival by 5 to 6 months, at a cost of £20,000 to £35,000 per patient per year [...] regrettably the cost to the NHS is such that they are not a cost-effective use of NHS resources". In fact that translated into a cost per quality adjusted life year of between £71,500 and £171,300, according to NICE's calculations, well above the £30,000 threshold that it uses in its decisions. While NICE judgements are meant to be followed by the Primary Care and Hospital Trusts, under pressure of the doctors responsible for the patients and the patients themselves, who have access to an appeals procedure, they can decide to fund treatments which have not yet been decided upon by NICE or, exceptionally, which NICE has ruled against. But of course a patient with only a few months to live, once denied a drug, hardly has the time to deal with a bureaucratic appeals procedure. The crude "QALY" formula which NICE uses to calculate whether it is worth treating a patient or not, is reminiscent of the calculations made after rail privatisation by Railtrack, the now government-subsumed track and signals company, when it decided not to invest in state-of-the-art signals safety technology to prevent trains colliding. Such investment, weighed against the potential loss of life it was deemed not to be cost effective. But while it is quite "normal" for a profit-making company to weigh up human life against pounds and pence, when public institutions begin to act in the same way, it understandably comes as a bit of a shock. And all the more so, when it is the one public institution - the National Health Service - which is meant to be dedicated to saving lives and alleviating suffering. Since when was cost supposed to come into it? Is it all about blind profiteering, then? At more or less the same time as kidney cancer patients' premature death was decided to be "cost effective" by NICE, attention was drawn by patient groups, eye specialists and the media, to another aspect of NICE's intervention against patients' interests and the practical consequences thereof. The BBC's Panorama devoted a programme to the "Postcode Lottery" on the 18 August, highlighting the problem of availability of the drug sold under the brand name of Lucentis. The discovery of this drug, in 2005, was described by eye specialists as a "quiet revolution", and in fact it was a dramatic breakthrough in the treatment of the most common cause of age-related, progressive blindness. This is known as neovascular (or "wet") age-related macular degeneration or AMD. Not only did the drug stop the progression of the disease but it even improved sight - in over a third of patients, to driving level! As soon as Lucentis was licenced for use in the eye (almost 3 years ago, already), specialists wished to give their patients its benefits immediately, rather than await NICE approval. But at a cost of £1,050 (plus VAT!) for one dose it was not easy to get Primary Care Trusts to agree to pay for the required monthly injections - which might come to £28,000 (for both eyes). Nevertheless some patients were lucky. But others were not, living in areas covered by Primary Care Trusts which were more cash-strapped, for instance in Manchester, which refused funding - and thus they became victims of the so-called "post code lottery". After prevaricating for over two years, NICE decided last December that the NHS could pay for Lucentis to be used, but only in one eye! But even this lousy concession scarcely helped matters, because of the high cost of treatment which had to come out of PCT's budgets. The postcode lottery carried on. In Scotland Lucentis was approved fully this year and in June the Welsh Assembly put aside £5m specially for AMD patients. This caused a huge outcry from patient groups in England, which no doubt was a contributory factor in the making of the Panorama programme. In fact just one week after the programme, NICE finally announced it had done a special deal, whereby the drug manufacturer would fund the cost of any treatment costing above £10,000 per eye. There is a twist to this tale, however, which was also revealed by Panorama, which says a lot about the drug industry, but also about NICE. Another drug called Avastin, which is related to Lucentis and made by the same company, Genentech, is just as effective against AMD and has been used for some time, achieving equivalent results (and without significant side effects) at a fraction of the cost. Its cost is so much less that it is worth citing a 2007 paper from the British Journal of Ophthalmology which estimated that with 25,000 cases of neovascular AMD eligible for treatment each year, the cost using Lucentis would amount to £300m. But with Avastin this would be around £8m, that is just 2.6% of the projected cost of Lucentis! The problem is that Avastin is not licenced for use in the eye. It was licensed some years ago for use against cancer of the bowel. Genentech, the company responsible for making both these drugs, obviously does not wish to start the procedure for licencing Avastin for ophthalmic use - not while it still has the potential of making huge profits from Lucentis, given the high price along with a high incidence of neovascular AMD. The giant pharmaceutical company, Roche, recently took a major share in Genentech and between them they now control half of the world market in the category of new biotechnological treatments to which Avastin and Lucentis belong. Which means that Roche/Genentech can really do what they want for the time being, that is, as long as NICE and the NHS are willing to play along. In fact it seems that many of these new biological agents have multiple uses, as is also shown by another of their controversially expensive products, Herceptin, which NICE initially ruled against, except in late stages of breast cancer, until publicly challenged. This means that a lot of these agents would need to be re-licensed for other uses and therefore would have to undergo new clinical trials for this purpose, which is both costly and time-consuming under the current system. The companies can afford to do this, of course. But why should they, if all they are after is profit? In the meantime, doctors can go on using such drugs to treat conditions for which they are not licenced, on the basis of their own clinical judgement and at their own risk, but they may not be able to get their Trusts to fund the treatment. If this is the case, patients have to find the money themselves, pay privately for the drugs, or go without. Or, perhaps they will soon be allowed to "top up" NHS treatment, by making co-payments, similar to the system in countries like the US where private health insurance does not fully cover the cost of a treatment. This kind of system is currently being considered, despite the implications it would have for those unable to make such co-payments. What is more, this would set a precedent which could open the door for "co-payments" for all kinds of other NHS facilities which are "too costly" to be made generally available. Maybe patients could be asked to help pay for MRI scans under certain circumstances, for instance. So it's all down to "perverse incentives"... like profit? The apparent irrationality of NICE's decisions may be explained when one places them in the context of the 60-year old relationship between the NHS and the drug companies. A relationship which, what is more, looks as if it is about to change, for the first time. But first, a few more words about NICE itself, starting with the what has been said recently by its non-executive chairman, "Sir" Michael Rawlins, himself. Just before the Panorama programme was broadcast on the "post code lottery" which exposed the apparent craziness of NICE regarding Lucentis, Michael Rawlins was interviewed by the Observer newspaper. He was said by the interviewer to have blamed the drug companies for the whole shoddy affair. Said he, "We are told we are being mean all the time, but what nobody mentions is why the drugs are so expensive."(...) "Part of the problem is that the pharmaceutical industry is looking at a very bad period in the future because a lot of their big earners are going off patent [allowing rivals to make cheaper versions] and many companies are looking at a 30 or 40% reduction in the next 5 years unless they come up with new drugs, and so part of the cost is cushioning against that. The other thing, of course, is that share price is very important to a pharmaceutical company." Rawlins then continued by explaining: "Share prices are driven by profits. [!] Pharmaceutical companies have enjoyed double-digit growth year on year and they are out to sustain that, not least because their senior managements' earnings are related to the share price. It's not in their interests to take less profit, personally as well as from the point of view of the business. All these perverse incentives drive the price up." Maybe it should not be too surprising to hear the normal operation of the capitalist system described as being driven by "perverse incentives", coming as it does from a scientist, rather than an economist. But this man has spent 9 years at the head of NICE, dealing precisely in "pharmaco-economics", with the biggest capitalist giants of all, the major pharmaceutical companies, so he, of all people should surely know the score! Rawlins argues that the pharmaceutical industry should no longer expect to be able to charge what it thinks the market will bear and that "perverse incentives" should be halted. But in fact he has already made other interventions (like at the beginning of 2007) arguing that the companies need to prove that they are producing "value for money" and be paid accordingly. His long standing denunciations of the drug companies have had not the slightest effect on NICE's dealings with the drug industry nor its decisions preventing patients access to drugs they need. Of course, what he and the government will never put into question is that rationing of healthcare in some shape or form, is "necessary" - on the grounds that health care is getting more costly and "we don't have a bottomless pit of money to pay for innovative new products." However, if one extrapolates from past data, this "bottomless pit" is by no means unavoidable. And certainly not when one takes into account that the NHS more often than not balances its books and that this financial year it is set to announce a £1.75bn surplus! In Britain, according to the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), while the overall cost of the NHS is rising steadily, the medicines bill remains at less than 10% of the total. Apparently more than 912 million prescriptions were dispensed in 2007, at an average cost of £10.37 each. If anything this exposes the claim that the NHS "cannot afford" certain treatments and NICE's pseudo-scientific rationing of medicines as a fraud. The truth of the matter is not the size of the drugs bill, but the fact that the government wants to cut the cost of the NHS budget overall. It is as a result, seemingly, of a report published in February 2007 by the Office of Fair Trading (the government's competition quango) that the 60-year old Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) has finally been put into question. This is the scheme which has shaped the relations between government and pharmaceutical industry over the past decades. It is a voluntary agreement to which drug companies sign up in order to sell their branded products to the NHS. This includes drugs still under patent, i.e. drugs protected against copying, and all the other "branded" drugs sold to the NHS. It excludes the so-called "generic" drugs which are (cheaper usually, but not always) copies of the original drug discoveries, manufactured after the 20-year long patent expires, by companies which either specialise in the production of generics or, more recently, by subsidiaries of the pharmaceutical originators. The OFT report found that there could be a difference in pricing of as much as 500% between similar "branded" drugs made by different companies and bought under the PPRS or, more likely, bought as generics outside of the PPRS! Of course, the drug companies would argue that since it can take hundreds of millions of pounds to develop just one drug successfully (and many drugs which have been developed fail to reach the market) that they should be entitled to recoup these costs by charging high prices. At present, it takes an average of 10 years from discovery of a potential molecule, passing through a series of toxicity tests, followed by preclinical and clinical trials before it gets to the stage of licencing. The drug would then be protected for a further 10 years by a patent, before it can be copied and sold at a cut price. For these companies to justify high prices by the cost of research is a plain lie, since so much this cost is actually offset from the tax they pay on their profits. The fact is, that this "life cycle" of a drug has never prevented these companies from recouping their costs many times over - as is shown by their super-profits (see next section). It is also a fact that successive governments have never used the statutory instruments at their disposal to reduce the cost of drugs to the NHS. But after all, this is just being consistent with the overall relationship they have with big business. The workings of this PPRS scheme are complex. It has never really had much to do with actual regulation of the drug industry, despite its title. In summary, (and this is a simplification), it relies on two main "controls". Firstly, the control of profits: it sets a maximum level of profits that a company can earn from the supply to the NHS of its own raft of branded drugs (taken collectively). The current profit margin allowed is a 21% return on capital employed or 6% of the company's total sales to the NHS, whichever is higher. But each company's maximum profit is set at 140% of target in practice. If this level is exceeded, the Department of Health can demand repayments. The OFT report says that in reality, costs are hard to determine and these days, repayment demands are rare. Besides, it is an open secret that companies are experts in massaging their accounts according to their interests, thanks to the array of City accounting firms which live off such activities. The long and short of it is that the PPRS has more or less given up trying to regulate profitability, if it ever really did. Indeed, having been guaranteed a stable income from the NHS for many decades, the industry has had it particularly easy over the past 10 years or so. The PPRS relies therefore chiefly on its second set of controls, price controls, to try to keep NHS costs down. Companies are free to set the initial price of a new product, but there are restrictions imposed on any subsequent price increases. Over the years - the scheme has been renegotiated almost every five years, with nine successive agreements since the birth of the NHS - levels of price cuts have also been negotiated, so that for instance, the last scheme (negotiated in 2005) stipulated price cuts of 7%. However, companies were allowed to choose which drugs they wanted to target for the price cuts, to minimise the impact, and of course they no doubt put up the prices of their new drugs to compensate for any real loss. Today, the OFT recommends fundamental reforms to the PPRS. However, there is no guarantee that the main flaw of the current system will be ended - that is, its focus on guaranteeing the profits of the pharmaceutical industry at the expense of the NHS. The "new criterion" for paying the price demanded for a drug would be its proven "value" - or cost effectiveness. In other words, the same QALY criteria used by NICE to ration medicines! The gist of the OFT proposal is however, that the state would intervene to help along the process of arriving at "value for money" in the first place. And it proposes new ways of subsidising the companies' research and development so that they can get new drugs onto the market faster! After the OFT report came out, however, and in the context of so many unpopular decisions by NICE, the Department of Health imposed an interim revised PPRS, which came into effect in September this year and which will last until September next year. This allows the Secretary of State to specify a maximum price for a new product, based on the expected volume of supply to the NHS, the cost of "therapeutically equivalent medicines", the cost on other markets in the world, and the cost of manufacture, of research and development. Of course there is an allowance made for exceptions and for appeals by companies for price increases. But if the final negotiation over Lucentis is anything to go by, this interim PPRS is hardly going to be a blow to the drug industry. Indeed, as was mentioned before, the government has always had statutory instruments to control the price of drugs if it wished to do so (one dates back to WW2), but it has never dared to use them, for fear of upsetting the industry. Helping pharma do its R&D The new agreement with the drug companies, based on "value", is supposed to save the NHS 5% of its £11bn-a-year drugs bill. How exactly it will work, still has to be decided. But its primary aim is bound to be to help rather than constrain the profiteering of the pharmaceutical companies. Especially when it comes at a time when the pharmaceutical companies also need to make big changes in the way that they develop new drugs, if not fundamental changes in direction, towards the biotechnology sector. This is why the supposed criticisms voiced by NICE's chairman are worth taking with a big spoon of salt. Not least because the industry is represented on the committee of NICE! The patents on many of the best-selling "blockbuster drugs" will expire within the next 5 years, or earlier, and there is a shortage of new drugs coming on stream. Some companies complain that they are in fact "running out of molecules". Maybe. But in fact the biotechnology companies, many of which spun off directly from university research departments (one of which eventually mapped the human genome) are not short of potential new biological drug discoveries along the lines, for instance, of Lucentis, Avastin and Herceptin. In other words the new drugs are going to be drugs which are able to target specific cells, for cancers and less common diseases, perhaps diabetes and especially diseases linked to inherited and other genetic disorders. Of course the Big Pharma (pharmaceutical companies with over $3bn revenue) can swallow the small biotech companies if these companies are willing. And if the price is right, they are likely to accept a buyout, because many of them have been struggling to make a profit. Roche recently bought 44% of one of the biggest biotech companies, the already-mentioned Genetech - which has put it in a position of jointly "owning" almost half the market in a particular type of "biological" drug derived from white blood cells. But the pharmaceutical giants also expect the state to step in on their side. Already there have been big concessions made to cushion the old regulatory PPRS regime, by way of the government's ever-increasing support for research and development. But recently this has been a real priority. £67m was agreed only this year for a new Molecular Biology Laboratory in Cambridge, for the Medical Research Council (MRC). In July, the MRC, the government's Technology Strategy Board, and representatives from across the pharmaceutical industry met for the first time to form the new "Pharmaceuticals Forum" which will "oversee all of our collaborations and interactions with drug and biotech companies", according to the chief executive of the MRC. The government has also been engaged in the setting up of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, which is supposed to co-ordinate support to the industry, especially with regard to clinical trials - the later stages of a drug's development, and often the most costly. After all, the NHS (as long as it is centralised enough) remains the best supplier of "guinea pigs" for drug trials - especially, for example, when it comes to the need to collect a big enough group of patients with relatively uncommon cancers. It is no co-incidence that R&D facilities are being organised by new government-appointed bodies as a carrot to the drug companies and as a help to the biotech industry in particular. So what looks as if it is a new "regulatory" framework is in fact a great big helping hand from government - basically taking on board a substantial proportion of the cost of drug development, to be funded by taxpayers. Brown's pride and joy Today the pharmaceutical industry in Britain has become the country's leading manufacturing sector, outstripping the power generating machinery sector and specialised machinery sector, which used to be first over recent years. In fact Britain is host to the headquarters of the world's second biggest pharmaceutical company, GlaxoSmithKline - (GSK) whose profits in 2006 were £5bn and which had sales of almost £19bn last year. GSK has a 5.6% share of the world market. By way of comparison, the USA's Pfizer is the world's leading drug company, with profits in 2006 of £9bn, sales in 2007 of £22bn and a 6.7% share of the market. Astrazeneca, the world's number 5, (2006 profits:£3bn) also has its headquarters in Britain. (Number 3 is Switzerland's Novartis and number 4 is France's Sanofi Aventis). British pharmaceutical companies exported £14.6bn worth of goods in 2007 and brought in a trade surplus of £4.3bn. The sector is clearly dearly beloved of the government's "Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform" (DBERR) - as Brown renamed the Department of Trade and Industry in order to dispel any lingering doubts as to his deregulatory convictions. Thus DBERR explains that "the UK [pharmaceutical] industry has discovered and developed more leading medicines than any other country apart from the USA and as much as the rest of Europe combined. Some 15 of the world's current best-selling drugs were discovered and developed in Britain. In world terms the UK industry has 9% of pharmaceutical R&D expenditure; only the USA (49%) and Japan(15%) are ahead. The UK is the largest European recipient of pharma R&D, accounting for 23% of the European total; followed by France (20%), Germany (5%) and Switzerland (11%)." It is this series of facts and figures that has been used time and again by health ministers as an argument against regulating the industry's profits and prices, when it comes to new drugs, or even older unpatented drugs still sold on brand. They warn that if the drug industry is too regulated, it will stop investing in Britain. And naturally, the drug companies have played to this gallery by threatening to leave Britain if the government decides to enforce its regulatory system. Of course the fact that the NHS is a huge and secure source of revenue which it could not forego is one obvious reason to disregard these threats. The other reason to ignore the industry's complaints is the existence of the research and development environment that allows the government to make its nationalistic boasts in the first place. This is a legacy that is difficult to quantify and in fact which is under threat by the government's own "reform" programme: that is, the radical cuts and privatisation which have targeted universities and the NHS as whole. Because it was precisely the centralisation and commonality of both of these spheres which tremendously facilitated the type of research required for drug development in the past. However, the fragmentation which has accompanied the last period of NHS and educational privatisation, trustification, accompanied by commercialisation is hardly conducive to the provision of the large, similar, samples of patients required for clinical trials, for instance. It was precisely the centralisation of the NHS, currently under threat, which allowed it to recruit the largest number ever of cancer patients into clinical trials of anti-cancer drugs, something which all the literature cites when promoting Britain's R&D facilities. The government claims optimistically that the national project for computerisation of NHS data will now become the main attraction for drug companies' trials. But in fact the hitches and failures of this project have become one of the government's major embarrassments. The profit system is the problem It would be no bad thing if research and development of drugs was taken over and put entirely into "public hands". Rather, of course, than only part of it, as is the case, and rather not in the drug companies interests, as is also the case. Such "nationalisation" would allow another significant problem which is highlighted by the OFT and even by NICE to be solved. Because treatments which are unlikely to spin a high profit, even if there is a great clinical need for them, have never been a priority for development by pharmaceutical companies. The irony is that one of the arguments being made in favour of the new agreement to be negotiated between the NHS and drug companies over cost-effective pricing, is precisely that it would give incentives for drugs to be produced on the basis of clinical need. But in the case of the pharmaceutical giants, the NHS is only a fraction of their market, and they are likely to see their priorities in a different light! Moreover, the drug industry is going to be overseeing its own regulation in this new system, and in fact is likely to be the main decision-maker in the new collaborative research environment. So it is somewhat unlikely that there will be vast new benefits on the horizon for illnesses without known cures. Not to mention a solution for those who are currently unable to access life-saving new treatments! Indeed, how can anyone put a value on a drug which is going to save even one person's life, or give them a precious few more months on this earth? If ever there was an argument against the profit system, surely the pharmaceutical industry provides it? As for those who argue that some form of rationing has to be necessary because "no system" could afford the ever increasing cost of new discoveries, this is self-evident nonsense. Because there is no reason why new discoveries should involve "ever-increasing costs". Certainly not if the competition between companies and profiteering is taken out of the equation, by placing medical research under public control. Under the present system, companies compete with each other by expending huge effort and spending huge sums of money producing new "blockbuster" drugs (drugs which have a big market, like anti cholesterol, anti-clotting, anti-depressant or blood pressure-lowering drugs), but which are all similar. This is obscene waste. Their efforts could instead, be organised not by the capitalist market but according to need. If this was the case, maybe today there would be drugs and/or vaccines for malaria, the resistance to tuberculosis would have been overcome and it would be possible to direct research on a worldwide scale using the collective intellectual resources of all countries instead of placing these resources in the straightjacket of "intellectual property rights" - i.e., the patent system. It was and is this very system of private property rights in drug discoveries which has prevented poor countries from accessing drugs against HIV. After taking the South African government to court for threatening to breach patent laws, and losing, even now the big drug companies are not actually providing anti-retro viral drugs (against HIV) at really affordable prices. As a result, only a small percentage of HIV positive patients can access these drugs - in countries where up to 20% of the population is infected, like Zimbabwe, Malawi, South Africa. How many millions of people could have been saved and could still be saved, if only these companies were not run for profit? The examples of international collaboration, via public funding (like the Hadron Accelerator looking for the particles created after the Big Bang), for projects in basic sciences which do not (yet) provide obvious profitable spin-offs are there to show just what would be possible (but multiplied infinitely!) if the present resources of the pharmaceutical industry were pooled and organised rationally. There are no limits to the development of knowledge and therefore no limits to the development of new treatments. Or rather, if there are limits, these are the result of a crippling social organisation - capitalism - which puts the profits of the wealthy before the needs of the sick and the dying!
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An Empire belonging to an inactive player, who hasn't logged into his account for a period of 60 hours. Abandoned empires are subdivided into two types: abandoned empires still producing resources - marked with a chest full of gold, and declining empires - marked with an empty chest. All abandoned empires with active production turn into declining empires when 60 hours have passed from the beginning of their inactiveness. Declining empires stop producing resources. The travel time to an abandoned empire cannot be less than 0.66666666666667 minutes. There are no limitations of net worth points range for attacks upon abandoned empires. However, no military points and/or honor points are won under any circumstances. If your account turns into an abandoned empire, don't think it is pointless to return at some point at all. Every player who has got back to his Empire from an absence of at least 2 weeks receives the following generous welcoming gifts so he could easily take up where he has left off: - all destroyed fortresses are automatically repaired; - all current happiness values are set at maximum; - the Empire is under a Welcome back protection, which implies that you can neither be attacked nor send attacks to other players for 48 hours; - you have the unique right to take the 48 hour production of your Empire for free. The symbol of knowledge and enlightenment along with the Military University. The Academy of Military Sciences is available in the Capital, exclusively, and its first level can be built after level 20 of Military University. It decreases the research time by 2 times per level from the basic time, therefore 1 level of Academy of Military Sciences has the effect of 4 levels of Military University on the research time. The Military Technologies available in the Military University building are also present in the Academy of Military Sciences. Only their price will be 50% more expensive, the research time twice shorter and you will receive half the net worth points in return for the spent resources. Science officer's Academy of Military Sciences level does not influence Alliance Technologies. The symbol of knowledge and enlightenment along with the University. The Academy of Sciences is available in the capital, exclusively, and its first level can be built after level 20 of University. It decreases the research time by 2 times per level from the basic time, consequently 1 level of Academy of Sciences has the effect of 4 levels of University on the research time. The same Technologies you research in the University building are also available in the Academy of Sciences building, but their price will be 50% more expensive, with twice as shorter research time and granting half the net worth points in return for the spent resources. Science officer's Academy of Sciences level does not influence Alliance Technologies. Collective word for profile, registration and Empire. Accounts are exclusive intellectual and technical property of Imperia Online and are just offered for temporary use of players who register in the game. All user's personal data is a strictly kept top secret which cannot be spread or abused anyway, anyhow. If you link your account to your Facebook profile you can play directly from Facebook, invite your friends to play along with you and receive special rewards. The age at which all Great people reach adulthood. Upon turning 16 all Great people become full-fledged member of Imperia Online society and you can marry them, send them abroad as Marriage Candidates, appoint them Governors and Generals to different holdings, send them in attack, choose their skills, etc. 1.Players, who in the last 12 hours for realm speed x4/5 hours for realm speed x10 have attacked you or someone you made dynasty peace with, but have not been attacked by you in the last 12 hours for realm speed x4/5 hours for realm speed x10. The first attack against them will not apply honor penalty on you. For Pillage attack, punishment with 4 honor points always applies. 2.The alliance which is the one responsible for war declaration. Group of players sharing their own strategy with each other. Alliance members gather joint resources and invest them in Alliance Technologies affecting all members, waging wars, Alliance Buildings, cultural and military influence expansion. Allies can support each other in an economic and military way via gold transfer module. Alliances are ranked in a separate ranking based thoroughly on the total sum of all members’ net worth points. NB! A player can join the same alliance only twice. Each level allows the foundation of two Rally points if the alliance points are at least 5 000 000. Alliance administration determines also the resource amounts members are allowed to donate. The donation percentage ranges from 5% of player's net worth points in gold equivalent at level 1 to 33% at level 15. Alliance Administration lvl 1 allows for the construction of 2 rally points and the appointment of 1 commander in the alliance. Every next level of Alliance Administration allows for 2 more rally points and 1 more commander in the alliance. Maximum level - 15. A message sent to all alliance members. Announcements are an exclusive right of leaders and officers, they arrive in violet envelopes and are saved in Announcements tab of Messages menu. They are chronologically displayed - the oldest message at the bottom of the window and the newest one – at the top. Troops, gathered in a rally point or in an alliance castle, donated by alliance members. Once donated the military units cannot be withdrawn. Army recruitment implies increase in net worth points, and army donation implies the opposite. For more information about alliance troops click here. Ordered with the four types of resources, gathered in the alliance treasury. Alliance buildings can be constructed in rally points and alliance castles. They have different effects - for example, enhancement of the alliance holding's defense or expansion of the influence range. Prices and time are lowered by Construction Officer’s Architecture level. A castle with its own buildings, already belonging to one alliance. The alliance castle is conquered only by alliance armies sent from a rally point or another castle. Conquering a castle grants cultural and military influence expansion throughout the Global map, thus, leading to participation in the battle for winning the realm. For more information about alliance castles click here, here, here, here and here. Voluntary deposits which, however, are limited. Alliance Administration determines the maximum amount of resource donation each member can make. The higher the level, the more resources the members can donate. The donation percentage ranges from 5% of their net worth points in gold equivalent at level 1 to 33% at level 15. Members can also donate diamonds to the alliance treasury. Donating is limited to 340000 diamonds per day. Purchased and expiring diamonds can be donated to the alliance treasury. Once donated, purchased diamonds are considered expiring for 336 hours. The expiring diamonds are donated with their current duration. For more information about donations click here. The unique alliance castle feature. Cultural and military influence is expanded through the special building: The Great Temple. Alliance influence grants bonuses and benefits for the empires of allies located in the influence range. It also imposes penalties for war enemies. Dominating influence achieves the goal of conquering the Global map thus leading to winning the realm. For more information about Alliance influence click here, here and here. A message that can be related to all aspects of alliance context – invitations to an alliance, messages informing about a change in alliance standings or in alliance tax, alliance battle reports, alliance army relocation, troop donations, influence range bonuses, elections for leader and free war alerts. Alliance messages arrive in a blue envelope and are saved in System tab of Messages menu, labeled Alliance. A message informing about an alliance army attack upon an enemy holding or an enemy invasion on one of your alliance owned holdings; army donations and alliance army arrivals. Alliance military messages arrive in a pink envelope and are saved in System tab of Messages menu, labeled Alliance military. On condition that you participate in an alliance, once per hour you can ask your allies to help you for faster construction/research of 1 building or 1 technology that is currently in progress. Each of your allies will be able to reduce 1 minute of the construction/research time of the requested building/technology. Mutual aid is limited only within the alliance so you won't be able to help players outside of it. Find the option in Town hall. The overall sum of all members' individual net worth points. Package of bonuses on a monthly basis which can be activated no matter if you're part of an alliance or not. The Alliance Premium provides you with valuable advantages against your opponents. If you are a part of an alliance, you get bonuses even if you do not have an active subscription, provided at least one ally has an active subscription. By subscribing, however, you increase the total number of alliance subscribers and thus make for greater bonuses. The more subscribers, the greater the advantages against your opponents. The subscription is monthly and once activated, it renews automatically every 30 calendar days. You can cancel it at any time, but then the bonuses will be reduced or canceled after the following subscription due date. When changing an alliance, your subscription stays active and gets added / subtracted from the total number of subscribers in the alliance, which increases / decreases the bonuses received by everyone. The highest level of the bonuses will grant you with the following goods: - percentage bonus to the defense - daily Happiness bonus - percentage bonus to the Barracks' capacity - hourly income in resources every day - percentage bonus to the quest rewards - bonus to instant construction limit - item Economic schematic - item Economic design - Legendary Mystic Box - item for population growth bonus - percentage bonus to army attack - percentage bonus to the Depot station capacity - percentage bonus to the army speed - hourly income in army every day - more affordable Imperial Merchant prices - bonus to instant research limit - item Military schematic - item Military design - Epic Mystic Box - the following spy packages including information about different bonuses: Special resources and wonders, Alliance development and Alliance Premium, Morale, Military items, Military researches and Premium Alliances are ranked according to four parameters: points (the total sum of net worth points of all members), military points (won in wars and alliance battles), alliance value (gold equivalent of invested resources in Alliance Technologies, donated army and buildings / 1000) and controlled territory on the Global map. An alliance mechanic, which allows players to send armies to help their allies. Sent armies automatically fight alongside the receiver's troops. • Reinforcements can be sent only between players participating in the same alliance. Alliance novices can't send or receive reinforcements until they are approved as full-time members. • Reinforcements can be sent only to provinces and colonies. Reinforcements can be sent only from provinces. • The upkeep of reinforcements is paid by the receiver while they are deployed on his side. While travelling the upkeep of reinforcements is paid by the sender. • Reinforcements join the troops of the receiver (if he has any) and participate in battle alongside them as a whole army. Generals can not be sent as reinforcement. • Reinforcements participate in battle with the battle technologies of the receiver. There is no requirement for the receiver to have higher class units unlocked in order to receive them as reinforcement. I.e. a player who has only light units unlocked can receive elite units as reinforcement, but they fight with his lower levels of technologies. • Losses from reinforcements are calculated proportionally according to the ratio of participating soldiers of the receiver and participating soldiers from reinforcements. For example: in a single battle there are 1000 swordsmen of the receiver and 2000 swordsmen from reinforcement, for a total of 3000 swordsmen. In the battle the losses amount for a total of 600 swordsmen and these losses are divided as follows - 200 from the receiver and 400 from the reinforcement. • The recovery of lost units from reinforcements are based on the recovery percentage of the receiver. • The receiver can not move reinforcements to a holding different than the one they were sent in. He also can't use them in attack. Reinforcements can not be deployed inside of a garrison. • Reinforcements can be recalled by the sender at any time. Reinforcements can be sent back by the receiver at any time. When there are less than 5 seconds remaining till a battle reinforcements can neither be recalled, nor sent back. • Reinforcement auto-return to their sender in the following cases: - if the receiver does not have enough gold for their upkeep (goes into negative gold); - if the receiver or sender leave the alliance; - if the receiver activates Vacation Mode; - if the receiver or sender are blocked by the administration; - if the holding in which they are deployed gets destroyed. • Reinforcements are visible in spy reports but their sender is anonymous. You can send reinforcements from the options next to each ally in Alliance -> Members menu. After that they can be managed from your Command center. Diplomatic status towards another alliance. Peace standings require retorted confirmation in order to come into effect. Agreement annulment as well as declaration of hostility or war is a unilateral action. There are 5 types of alliance standings in Imperia Online: Peace Treaty, NAP (Non-aggression pact), Neutrality, Hostility and War. For more information about alliance standings click here. Ordered with the four types of resources found in the alliance treasury. Alliance technologies grant additional levels to all members’ personal technology levels. Prices and time of alliance technologies are lowered by Science Officer’s University level. For more information about alliance technologies click here. An engine where you can insert the current level of a certain alliance building/alliance research and the level of Architecture of the Construction Officer/the level of University of the Science Officer in order to calculate the price of a higher level. It is located in the Technology tree. A territory conquered by the player and over which he has full rights - to construct, produce resources, exact taxes, recruit soldiers, order attacks, etc. In order to annex, a vacant Centralization level is required. There are two types of annexed provinces - from independent cities and from empty terrains. The annexed independent cities maintain their preset buildings and population. Any troops present in the fortress siege disappear along with the available resources. You can annex both free terrains and independent cities peacefully. If you wish you can also attack and annex an independent city but then buildings will drop one level down. The annexation of vassals is also possible. For more information about annexed provinces click here and here. Infantry units, that have additional attacks at the start of battle, and excellent Fortress defenders when Garrisoned. All Archer units can Attack the enemy from a distance, but they have limited ammo to do so. They have the ability to Attack the defending Garrison units during Fortress Assault. Archer units are best countered by Swordsmen and Cavalry. All Archer units are Ranged units. All Archer units are Infantry units. All Archer units have their Priority Deployment on the Archery Line. All Archer units are trained at the Archery Barracks. Common Unit Abilities: + Long Range + Higher Ground + Suppressing Fire + Rain of Arrows - Vulnerable to Swordsmen - Vulnerable to Cavalry - Hand-to-Hand Disadvantage - Weak Morale List of Archer units: - Light Archer - Heavy Archer - Elite Archer - Heroic archer For details on Archer unit stats, click here. One of the skills available to Generals upon leveling up. Increases the Attack of all Archer units. Level 1: +2% Attack; Level 2: +4% Attack; Level 3: +6% Attack; Level 4: +10% Attack; Level 5: +15% Attack Type: Local, Training Prerequisite Technologies: Military Doctrine 1, Ranged Attack 1 Maximum Level: 20 Allows the training and upgrade of Archers. Each level increases the Training Capacity of the building. Units that can be trained include: - Light Archer - Heavy Archer - Elite Archer - Heroic Archer One of the skills available to Governors upon leveling up. Decreases the Training time for all Archer units. Level 1: -5% Training time; Level 2: -10% Training time; Level 3: -15% Training time; Level 4: -20% Training time; Level 5: -30% Training time The Archery Line is the Priority Deployment of all Archer units. It always deploys behind the Frontline and units in this Line have 1 to 3 preliminary attacks, before Melee battle begins. During Field Battle, the Archery Line is divided into three Divisions: Center and two Flanks. Different types of Archers are proportionally deployed across the three Divisions. Troop Divisions in the Archery Line can only be engaged in Melee after the Frontline Division in front of them has been destroyed. Destroying a player's Archery Line Division with your Melee troops grants the opportunity for a Flanking Attack against his remaining Frontline Divisions. During both Fortress Assault and Battle with garrison, the attacking Archers are compounded into an Archery Line with no Divisions. During both Fortress Assault and Battle with garrison, the defending Archers do not form an Archery Line, but are a part of the defender's Frontline instead. Archers that deplete their ammo will maintain their position at the Archery line and will only enter battle again if engaged by enemy Melee units. One of the skills available to Governors upon leveling up. Increases the Houses capacity. Level 1: +4% capacity; Level 2: +6% capacity; Level 3: +10% capacity; Level 4: +14% capacity; Level 5: +20% capacity A research which affects buildings' construction times and prices. It decreases the time 0.30 times from the basic time and the price - 0.02 times. Level 25 allows the building of the 16 Wonders of the realm. Military units granted to the alliance by its members and sent via Global map to a Rally point or an Alliance castle. The troops become alliance property at the moment they are unloaded and the net worth points won from the recruitment are removed from donator’s current net worth points and are added to alliance value points. Once donated, the troops cannot be recalled. For more information about alliance army donation click here. Adding training groups in a queue in case the player runs out of barracks vacancies, but still has free groups, allowed by the Military Doctrine level. The groups will get trained one after another. If you dispose of enough resources and population you can recruit and/or upgrade all your remaining free groups at once, but don't forget they will still be queued. The first training group of the queue in the same province and the same barracks can be instantly trained for diamonds. Every group below 6 remaining hours requires 170 diamonds. Instantly training one group implies recalculation of the other queued groups' remaining times. NB! Army queue is not available while the Empire is under attack*. *There is the following exception: This option is unlocked under attack when there is a drastic difference between the golden equivalent of the attacker's army and the gold equivalent of the net worth points of the defender. Sending units from one province/colony/military post to another. There are two ways of moving the army: with buttons "Move to garrison" and "Move to field". The first button sends the selected units in descending order of upkeep, filling in automatically the garrisons of the selected provinces/colonies/military posts. The second button distributes the selected units proportionally through the fields of the selected provinces/colonies/military posts. NB! The defender cannot relocate troops to and from the province under attack if less than 5 seconds are left until the impact. Sending the army on a long-distance mission to an abandoned empire (recommended), own far away colony (also recommended), active player's or abandoned Empire during the time you plan to be offline. It aims to save it from undesired enemy raids while you are away. Before leaving the Empire to have some well-deserved rest, send the army on travel for the exact time you intend to be offline, considering traveling time in both directions. In this way you won't have to spend extra gold on army upkeep on a mission. If you have a huge amount of resources stashed in your Empire which you are not able to spend at once but you don't want to risk leaving them unprotected you can gather all resources in the capital and leave your army there. This is in case you are sure there is no one with army capable to win against yours. In Imperia Online there is also a special option called Evasion which allows you to send your army away for the desired time without selecting a specific target. Artillery is a type of Ranged Siege Engines. According to their profile, they may prioritize as target either the enemy Fortress or their Army Units. Artillery units are always deployed on the Artillery Line. During Fortress Assault, the Artillery units that can simultaneously attack the Fortress are subject to an Artillery Assault Limit. The limit depends on the level of the attacked Fortress: the greater that level is, the more siege engines can attack it simultaneously. The Artillery Assault Limit is filled with units in descending order of Attack rating. The Artillery Assault Limit for Level 1 Fortress is 4 Artillery units, and this number generally doubles for each incremental level of Fortress. Common Unit Abilities: + Long Range The currently existing Artillery units are: The Artillery Assault Limit determines the maximum number of Artillery Siege Engines in the Artillery Line that can attack a particular Fortress simultaneously during a Fortress Assault. The Artillery Assault Limit prioritizes Siege Engines in the attacker's Artillery Line in descending order of Attack rating. For personal fortresses, the Artillery Assault Limit is fixed and entirely depends on the level of the attacked Fortress, as follows: Level 1 Fortress: 4 Artillery Assault Limit Level 2 Fortress: 8 Artillery Assault Limit Level 3 Fortress: 15 Artillery Assault Limit Level 4 Fortress: 30 Artillery Assault Limit Level 5 Fortress: 60 Artillery Assault Limit Level 6 Fortress: 125 Artillery Assault Limit Level 7 Fortress: 250 Artillery Assault Limit Level 8 Fortress: 500 Artillery Assault Limit Level 9 Fortress: 1 000 Artillery Assault Limit Level 10 Fortress: 2 000 Artillery Assault Limit For alliance fortresses, the Artillery Assault Limit is fixed and entirely depends on the level of the attacked Fortress, as follows: Level 1 Fortress: 80 Artillery Assault Limit Level 2 Fortress: 160 Artillery Assault Limit Level 3 Fortress: 300 Artillery Assault Limit Level 4 Fortress: 600 Artillery Assault Limit Level 5 Fortress: 1 200 Artillery Assault Limit Level 6 Fortress: 2 500 Artillery Assault Limit Level 7 Fortress: 5 000 Artillery Assault Limit Level 8 Fortress: 10 000 Artillery Assault Limit Level 9 Fortress: 20 000 Artillery Assault Limit Level 10 Fortress: 40 000 Artillery Assault Limit Level 11 Fortress: 80 000 Artillery Assault Limit The Artillery Line is the Priority Deployment of all Artillery Siege Engines. It always deploys as the hindmost Battle Line and units in this Line have 2 to 3 preliminary attacks, before Melee battle begins. The Artillery Line always compounds all the Artillery units of both the attacker and the defender; it has no Divisions. During Fortress Assault, the defender's Battering Rams are deployed in the Artillery Line and remain inert. During Field Battle and Battle with garrison, all the Battering Rams of both the attacker and the defender are deployed in the Artillery Line and remain inert. It is the place where players can report bugs or any irregularities, ask questions and clear doubts out. Emperors who have attained the trait Disgraceful can be killed by the player, meaning that the successor will ascend to the throne immediately. In order for the option to be unlocked there is also another condition: the Emperor must have at least one grandchild. The Assault Limits determine the maximum number of units of a particular type that can attack a Fortress simultaneously during a Fortress Assault. The Assault Limits depend on the attacked Fortress' level, and as such may vary. The currently active Assault Limits are: - Infantry Assault Limit - Demolitions Assault Limit - Artillery Assault Limit The Assault Line is only formed during a Fortress Assault. It is composed of Battering Rams and Melee Infantry troops which attempt to bring down the enemy Fortress walls, while being shot at by Garrisoned Archers and Towers. The Melee Infantry troops that can attack simultaneously in the Assault Line are subject to Infantry Assault Limit: a limit equal to 3 times the Base Garrison of the attacked Fortress. Melee Infantry above that limit is deployed on the Frontline, where it will await to replace any losses in the Assault Line. The Assault Line Infantry composition prioritizes Swordsmen over Spearmen; units of the same type are prioritized in descending order of Attack rating. Cavalry is never included in the Assault Line. The Battering Rams that can attack simultaneously in the Assault Line are subject to Demolitions Assault Limit: a limit equal to 3 times the Base Garrison of the attacked Fortress, divided by the Operating Crew of the attacking Siege Engines. Battering Rams above that limit are deployed on the Frontline, where they will await to replace any losses in the Assault Line. The Assault Line troops are subject to Hit Points penalty according to the enemy Moat level. Assault Line and Frontline troops share the same Morale; if the Assault Line is Routed, so will be the entire Frontline. If the enemy Fortress id destroyed, Fortress Sacking begins: all the remaining Assault Line Infantry joins the attacker's Frontline, all the remaining Battering Rams return to the Artillery Line. 1. The military interaction between two players, between two alliance armies or between a player and independent cities. The attack ordered by one player and targeted to another implies the conduction of three types of battles: Fortress Siege, Field battle and Pillage, and it's visible for the defender right after having been ordered, in case it lasts for less than 60 minutes, and 60 minutes before the impact, in case mission time is more than an hour. The attack ordered by the leader of one alliance and targeted to engage another alliance army implies the conduction of either Fortress siege or Field battle. The defender will see the attack right after it's been sent. The attack ordered by a player targeting an independent city is subdivided into three types according to the final aim of the attack: attack for annexing, for turning into a vassal and fortress siege for looting resources. NB! The attacker cannot recall the army when less then 5 seconds are left until the impact. 2. Unit parameter determining the strength and the damage infliction of the unit. The attack of a certain unit type increases with accordance to the class – light, heavy, elite, and is boosted by Range attack and Melee attack levels and Premium. The units with the highest attack values, regardless the class, are all siege engines. An option available by clicking on the respective independent city via Global map only if there is a vacant Centralization level. It sends the troops to fight in a Fortress siege battle against the independent city Fortress walls and garrison with the purpose of conquering the province and obtaining all the rights over it. NB! In order to form a winning army composition, spy on the independent city, transfer the data into the Battle simulator in the Fortress and make various simulations until getting a winning result with the less losses possible. It sends the troops to fight in a Fortress siege battle against the independent city's Fortress walls and garrison with the purpose of making its population regular tributepayers to the Empire. NB! In order to form a winning army composition, check independent city's army before sending your troops. Attack parameter points’ drop due to attacking out of range - 3% per every 0,1 coefficient difference out of the allowed range of net worth points x2, valid only when the attacker is the bigger account. One of the skills available to Generals upon leveling up. Increases the Morale of the army when attacking. Level 1: +2 Morale; Level 2: +4 Morale; Level 3: +6 Morale; Level 4: +8 Morale; Level 5: +12 Morale An image a player uses in-game to be easily recognized by others. It is located in the profile. Players can choose from 19 available profile images or upload their own avatar. The uploaded image must be at least 165 pixels in width and 165 pixels in height. Abusive avatars can be reported by other players (at least by 3) and banned by the administration. A user banned for abusive avatar for the first time cannot upload a new avatar for 24 hours, if banned for the second time – for 168 h, and for the third time – for a whole year. Abusive avatars are considered the following general cases – pornography, nudity, racism, fascism, swastika and any other images that could wound someone's dignity. Happiness value valid for the whole Empire and determined by number of population and local current Happiness values. 1st province population x 1st province Happiness + 2nd province population x 2nd province Happiness (etc., if there are more provinces) / whole Empire's population = Empire's average Happiness level
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- Location: Auschwitz was a network of German Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II. It was located near the town of O?wi?cim in occupied Poland, about 50 kilometers west of Krakow. - Construction: The construction of Auschwitz began in 1940, and it eventually grew into a complex of multiple camps, including Auschwitz I (the main camp), Auschwitz II-Birkenau (the extermination camp), and Auschwitz III-Monowitz (a labor camp). - Purpose: Auschwitz played a central role in the Holocaust, serving as the largest site of mass murder during the Holocaust. It was primarily used for the systematic extermination of Jews, along with other targeted groups such as Roma, Soviet prisoners of war, Poles, and others deemed undesirable by the Nazi regime. - Gas Chambers and Crematoria: Auschwitz II-Birkenau was equipped with gas chambers and crematoria where mass murder took place. Zyklon B, a cyanide-based pesticide, was used to gas victims in the chambers, and their bodies were disposed of in the crematoria. - Victims: It is estimated that over 1.1 million people died at Auschwitz, the majority of whom were Jews. Other victims included tens of thousands of Poles, Romani people, Soviet prisoners of war, and individuals from other nationalities and ethnic groups. - Medical Experiments: Notorious Nazi doctor Josef Mengele conducted cruel and inhumane medical experiments on prisoners at Auschwitz, often without their consent. These experiments included studies on twins, genetic conditions, and the effects of various diseases and poisons. - Resistance: Despite the overwhelming odds against them, there were instances of resistance among the prisoners at Auschwitz. This resistance took various forms, including underground education, sabotage, and attempts to escape. - Liberation: Auschwitz was liberated by the Soviet Red Army on January 27, 1945. The liberation came too late for many of the prisoners, but it marked the end of the camp’s operation as a place of mass murder and suffering. - Remembrance: Today, Auschwitz serves as a symbol of the horrors of the Holocaust and a reminder of the consequences of unchecked hatred and bigotry. The site is preserved as a museum and memorial, visited by millions of people each year. - Never Again: The phrase “Never Again” has become associated with the memory of the Holocaust and the vow to prevent such atrocities from happening in the future. The lessons of Auschwitz and the Holocaust continue to inform efforts to combat prejudice, discrimination, and genocide worldwide. Oscar winning actor Louis Gossette Jr has passed away at the age of 87. Gossett Jr., who took home an Academy Award for “An Officer and a Gentleman” and an Emmy for “Roots,” both times playing a mature man who guides a younger one taking on a new role — but in drastically different circumstances — died early Friday in Santa Monica, Calif. Born in Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York City, he made his stage debut at the age of 17. Shortly thereafter, he successfully auditioned for the Broadway play Take a Giant Step. Gossett continued acting onstage in critically acclaimed plays including A Raisin in the Sun (1959), The Blacks (1961), Tambourines to Glory (1963), and The Zulu and the Zayda (1965). In 1977, Gossett appeared in the popular miniseries Roots, for which he won Outstanding Lead Actor for a Single Appearance in a Drama or Comedy Series at the Emmy Awards. Gossett continued acting in high-profile films, television, plays, and video games. In 1982, for his role as Gunnery Sergeant Emil Foley in An Officer and a Gentleman, he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and became the first black actor to win in this category. At the Emmy Awards, Gossett continued to receive recognition, with nominations for The Sentry Collection Presents Ben Vereen: His Roots (1978), Palmerstown, U.S.A. (1981), Sadat (1983). Gossett appeared in 1985’s Enemy Mine with Dennis Quaid, A Gathering of Old Men (1987), Touched by an Angel (1997), and Watchmen (2019). He won and was nominated at other ceremonies including the Golden Globe Awards, Black Reel Awards, and NAACP Image Awards. Gossett was also well-known for his role as Colonel Chappy Sinclair in the Iron Eagle film series (1986-1995). His television appearances include Bonanza (1971), The Jeffersons (1975), American Playhouse (1990), Stargate SG-1 (2005), Left Behind: World at War (2005), Boardwalk Empire (2013), and The Book of Negroes (2015). Gossett was married three times and fathered one son and adopted one son. Gossett struggled with a debilitating illness during the 1990s and early 2000s, having been given a prognosis of six months to live from a doctor at one stage. In 2001, he learned much of his illness was due to toxic mold in his Malibu home. On February 9, 2010, Gossett announced that he had prostate cancer. He added the disease was caught in its early stages, and he expected to make a full recovery. In late December 2020, Gossett was hospitalized in Georgia with COVID-19. In a world where kindness can sometimes feel like a rare commodity, there exists a simple yet profound act that has the power to save lives: blood donation. Every year, millions of people around the globe require blood transfusions due to accidents, surgeries, childbirth complications, and various medical conditions. However, the demand for blood often exceeds the available supply, highlighting the crucial role of blood donors in healthcare systems worldwide. The Importance of Blood Donation: Blood donation is not just a charitable act; it is a lifeline for those in need. Whether it’s a patient undergoing major surgery, a cancer patient receiving chemotherapy, or an accident victim requiring an emergency transfusion, donated blood can mean the difference between life and death. Furthermore, blood transfusions are essential for treating various medical conditions such as anemia, thalassemia, and hemophilia, improving patients’ quality of life and helping them regain their health. The Impact of Blood Shortages: Despite the vital role blood donation plays in healthcare, many countries face chronic blood shortages, especially during emergencies or natural disasters. Blood shortages can lead to delays in critical medical procedures, compromise patient care, and, in extreme cases, result in unnecessary deaths. Additionally, certain blood types are rarer than others, making it challenging to match donors with recipients, further exacerbating the shortage issue. Myths and Misconceptions: Despite the importance of blood donation, several myths and misconceptions persist, deterring potential donors. Some people believe that donating blood is painful or that it can weaken their immune system. However, the truth is that blood donation is a safe and straightforward process that typically takes less than an hour, and the body replenishes the donated blood within a few weeks. Additionally, donating blood does not weaken the immune system; in fact, it can have health benefits for the donor, such as reducing the risk of heart disease and certain cancers. The Blood Donation Process: The blood donation process is simple and standardized to ensure the safety of both donors and recipients. It typically involves registration, a brief medical screening to ensure eligibility, the donation procedure itself, and post-donation refreshments to help replenish fluids and snacks to boost energy levels. Donors are encouraged to rest for a short period after donation and avoid strenuous activities for the remainder of the day to prevent dizziness or lightheadedness. Who Can Donate: Most healthy adults are eligible to donate blood, provided they meet certain criteria established by blood donation centers or blood banks. These criteria typically include being in good health, weighing at least 110 pounds (50 kilograms), and being above a certain age (usually 17 or 18, depending on the country). Additionally, donors must not have certain medical conditions or risk factors that could compromise the safety of the donated blood. Blood donation is a selfless act of compassion that has the power to transform lives and communities. By donating blood, individuals can make a tangible difference in the lives of those in need, offering hope and healing when it is needed most. Lion is based on the true story of Saroo Brierly (via People), who, after being tragically separated from his family 25 years prior, embarks on a journey across India to reunite with them. Highly emotive and truly powerful, the movie was a huge success with critics and was nominated for a total of six Academy Awards, with particular praise aimed at the acting of the cast, which included Dev Patel as Saroo and Nicole Kidman as his adoptive mother, as well as a number of well-known Indian actors, including Tannishtha Chatterjee, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, and Priyanka Bose. Octopussy is the 13th film in the James Bond franchise and the sixth to feature Roger Moore as the suave and sophisticated British secret agent. Investigating the murder of a fellow agent, it sees the globe-trotting spy travel to India where his trails led him to the mysterious Octopussy, who he ends up later enlisting to help thwart the dastardly plans of exiled Afghan Prince, Kamal Khan, who is working with the deranged Soviet General Orlov, to detonate a nuclear bomb on an American airbase in West Germany. With much being filmed in India, audiences are treated to plenty of high-octane action sequences, including brawls in the densely populated streets whilst riding a tuk-tuk, as well as Bond hanging onto the tail of a moving airplane whilst high in the sky. There are also plenty of elegant palaces, with images of the Taj Mahal and locations including the Shiv Niwas Palace, Taj Lake Palace and Jag Mandir Palace, being used. When it comes to awards, this 1982 biopic is one of the most highly decorated there is. Starring Ben Kingsley as the eponymous Gandhi, Gandhi tells the story of how he led the nonviolent non-cooperative Indian independence movement against the British Empire during the 20th Century. Visually stunning, beautifully acted, and telling an important story, the movie was nominated for 11 Oscars, winning eight, including Best Actor for Kingsley as well as Best Director and Best Picture. The Jungle Book – There have been countless adaptations of Rudyard Kipling’s collection of short stories collectively known as The Jungle Book. Probably, the most well-loved is Disney’s 1967 animated musical. Set deep in the Indian jungle, it tells the tale of a feral child raised by a pack of wolves as he navigates the dangers of the jungle, making man a friend and foe along the way. The beautifully animated Indian wilderness perfectly captures the essence of the jungle described in Kipling’s stories, no doubt inspired by his time growing up in India. Life of Pi is a 2012 adventure-drama film directed and produced by Ang Lee and written by David Magee. Based on Yann Martel’s 2001 novel of the same name, it stars Suraj Sharma in his film debut, Irrfan Khan, Tabu, Rafe Spall, Gérard Depardieu and Adil Hussain in lead roles. The storyline revolves around two survivors of a shipwreck who are on a lifeboat stranded in the Pacific Ocean for 227 days. One is a sixteen-year-old Indian boy named Pi Patel (Suraj Sharma) and the other is a ferocious Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. The film began development shortly after the release of the book and filming was split between India, Taiwan and Montreal in 2011. Well it’s the middle of the week. I’ve changed my shift 3 times in the last 7 days and I am feeling the tiredness. Last week after working a regular shift of 9:30 am to 6:30 pm, this week I came in the 5:30 pm to 2:30 am shift. However yesterday at 2:00 am I was told that due to a lack of personnel, I was to come in at 1 pm and stay with a set of new hire employees while they get their training virtually. I went to bed slightly earlier than usual – not falling asleep without watching atleast 2 episodes of Frasier – and watching clips on my phone. I slept till 11 am, waking up twice – 1 to take a leak and the second time as I needed to make a phone call. I left home late, being very tired. At the office after I made sure that the new employees were all good and that their systems had no issue, I went to have lunch with a colleague. I just had a quick cold coffee and 2 slices of bread with an omelet. I worked till 7:30 pm before I went to have dinner and then worked from 8:05 till 10 pm. I then booked my Uber to come by home and reached home by 10:35 pm. And ofcourse since then I have been online and sitting in my air-conditioned room. Bacon, sausages, eggs, tomatoes, mushrooms, toast, and beans all on one plate: is a Full English breakfast the most ultimate breakfast ever? A full English breakfast aka a Full English or a fry up is a substantial cooked breakfast meal, often served in Great Britain and Ireland. The typical ingredients are bacon, sausages, eggs, black pudding, baked beans, tomatoes, mushrooms, toast, fried bread and a beverage such as coffee or tea. Hash browns are a common contemporary but non-traditional inclusion. The tradition of the English breakfast has journeyed down a long road, it first began in the 14th or 15th century with the Landed Gentry and their grand hunt breakfasts, before then being adopted by the middle and upper class Victorians who refined the tradition into an art form. Then came along the the Edwardians who standardised the ingredients, giving us the English breakfast that we mostly eat today. Full English breakfasts contain: sausages, back bacon, eggs, tomatoes, mushrooms, fried bread, and beans. According to the internet, full English breakfasts need: - Sausages – I think everyone just goes with whatever sausages they like, but sometimes there are 2-3 kinds on a plate. We went with regular breakfast sausages and we also got a bit of black pudding, which seems like most people insist on having as well. - Back Bacon – This isn’t your regular bacon, which is made from pork belly, nope, back bacon is bacon that includes a little bit of the loin, kinda like a super thin pork chop but smoked. From what I can see, this kind of bacon isn’t really crispy. - Eggs – Pretty straight forward, all the full English plates I’ve seen have sunny side up eggs. - Tomatoes – These guys are cut in half along the equator and then seared in the pan and seasoned with salt and pepper. They aren’t really cooked, just given a little bit of color. - Mushrooms – Seems like a take or leave it item, but we’re going all out here so of course mushrooms are needed. They’re cooked in the usual way, nicely browned and caramelized - Toast – Don’t call it toast because I’ve seen some internet fights break out about the bread. You can’t just use a toaster and call it a day. The bread has to be FRIED, either with butter or oil. - Beans – You have to have beans! I mean, I’ve never really had beans at breakfast, but it’s classic. We went for Heinz because that’s what they do in England and because their teal cans are too cute. MANCHESTER UNITED face being BARRED from Europe next season after Uefa stuck to their ban on clubs under the same ownership competing against each other. Uefa have finally published their new regulations about ‘multi-club ownership’ issues. While clubs under the same ownership umbrella CAN play in Europe if they are in different competitions, the ban on clubs taking part in the SAME one remains in place. And that is where Nice’s recent slump in France’s Ligue 1 could end up preventing United from playing in ANY competition next season. Nice are fully owned by Sir Jim Ratcliffe’s Ineos group, while the petrochemicals billionaire confirmed he would be “delegated responsibility for the management of United’s football operations” as part of his minority buy-out of shares from the Glazers. Only last month, Ratcliffe claimed he had been told by Uefa there were “no circumstances” in which his ownership of Nice would prevent Man Utd from playing in Europe. But Uefa have now confirmed there IS a blanket ban on clubs under the same ownership taking part in the same competition despite a revision of its rulebook. Asked to confirm the situation, a Uefa insider told SunSport: “It is correct that Manchester United and Nice cannot play in the same competition. “They could play in different competitions, as there is no ‘feeding’ between competitions any more.” Sixth-placed United appear destined for a Europa League place next season, even if English clubs earn an extra Champions League spot through their performances in Europe this season. 1. The original name was very different. Pringles were first marketed as “Newfangled Potato Chips,” but the name didn’t stick. No one is certain where the name “Pringles” originated, but some think it could be an homage to the patent-holder for potato processing equipment … or it could be the name of a street. 2. They were designed with the perfect chip in mind. You may remember how old-school Pringles commercials bashed Lay’s and other potato chip brands for being greasy and stale. Plus, there was the problem of all those sad chip crumbs at the bottom of the bag after being broken in transit. Pringles were meant to be a solution too all these ailments—crispy, non-greasy and in perfect form. 3. We have science to thank for their shape. Before Pringles debuted on shelves in 1967, many scientists were hard at work designing a very specific structure, and for good reason! The saddle shape, created by chemist Fredric Baur, is technically known as a “hyperbolic paraboloid.” Powerful computers were used to ensure that the chips’ aerodynamics would keep them intact until they reached customers. 4. The container is extremely important. The cylindrical cans, also invented by Fredric Baur, were created specifically to hold the stackable chips in place and keep them fresh. The original design even had a silver pop-top to keep them airtight, which may be where the slogan “Once you pop, the fun don’t stop!” originated. 5. It took a long time to get the flavor right. Though Baur conceptualized most of the product, another scientist named Alexander Liepa had to pick up where he left off in the 1960s to improve the flavor. Leipa’s name is the one that can be found on the patent. 6. The creator was buried in a Pringles can. When Fredric Baur requested that his children bury part of his cremated remains in a Pringles can, his kids initially laughed it off. But when it came time to head to the funeral home, they stopped at Walgreens to pick up a container to honor their father’s accomplishments. Baur’s son Larry told TIME “My siblings and I briefly debated what flavor to use,” Baur says, “but I said, ‘Look, we need to use the original.'” 7. People eat Pringles all over the world. The unique chips are sold in over 140 countries, and cultural preferences have lead to some bizarre Pringles flavors. Depending on where you look, you might find Pringles that taste like eggs benedict, crab, hot dogs or other out-there ingredients. Taller than a palm tree On the island of Kaua?i, palm trees are king. As such there is a law on the books that makes it illegal for any building to be taller than a palm tree. Now, some palm trees can grow to be pretty high; so, we’re guessing there are some standardized techniques employed to ensure their palm trees can grow as high as possible. Leave indigenous wildlife alone When you are visiting one of Hawai?i’s amazing state parks, you are not allowed to “annoy” the birds. No eyesore advertising On the continent, one of the things that litters the skies and disrupts your views are bulky, garish billboards. But in Hawaii, billboards were outlawed in the 1920s. As a matter of fact, when Hawaii entered the United States as a full-fledged member in 1959, it was the first state in the U.S. to do so. No one complains about this law. Seriously? Who wants to give up view of mauka and rainbows to see gaudy advertising? Exactly. Okay, we do have to admit that is a really weird one. Here in Hawaii, did you know that it is illegal for you to have more than one alcoholic beverage in front of you at the same time? Of course, like with all “unique” laws, this rule is part of a larger set of laws and regulations that are meant to manage an individual’s alcohol consumption and to maintain public safety. Truck bed riding You’ve heard of calling shotgun! when claiming the front passenger seat of a vehicle. But did you know that if the vehicle is packed that you can ride in the back bed of the truck with no safety requirements needed? No dairy in a milkshake? If you get a yummy milkshake in Hawaii, you can rest assured that you are guaranteed to be drinking dairy in that drink. It is illegal to make a milkshake without dairy unless you specifically advertise and inform your customers that it is a dairy alternative being used. No alcohol prize for you When you enter into a competition at a shooting gallery in Hawai?i, it is illegal to give you a prize that has alcohol. This pretty much goes without needing much explanation. Don’t bother the local caves It is illegal to break off mineral deposits and speleothems from caves. Caves hold a sacred place in Hawaiian culture and tradition. Hawaiians used caves for burials for a millennia. And there were kapu, sacred laws, that regulated these caves. Leave the sharks alone Sharks get a bad rap. From the movie Jaws to shark fin soup, humans don’t quite know how to deal with such a powerful creature. To help, there are laws that prohibit you from having a shark fin in your possession. So, leave the sharks alone. More than 1000 people died at Port Arthur during its 47-year history as a penal settlement, and some people say that the souls of the departed have never left. Documented ghost stories have been associated with Port Arthur since 1870, and since that time, many people have added to Port Arthur’s haunted reputation with their own accounts of paranormal activity. 1. The convicts built their own prison walls. No thanks. It’s hard to imagine that they would really care about leaving a few bricks loose! The initial industrial penal settlement was built of timber from the surrounding forest and was home to key manufactories, such as ship building, shoemaking, smithing, and timber and brick making. But by the 1840s, Port Arthur was home to more than 2000 convicts, soldiers, and free officers (and their families), and by 1848 the first stone was laid by the prisoners for the separate prison, which stands as a central attraction today. 2. An ambitious experiment….. but did it work? Believe it or not, despite all of the cruelties that went on at Port Arthur, the Governor was trialling an ambitious experiment around the philosophy that prisoners could reform while still being punished. The authorities’ aim was to offer its prisoners the opportunity to turn themselves into useful citizens of the future by building a system on punishment and discipline, classification and separation, religious and moral instruction, trade training, and education. But for the convict who did not abide by the rules, life was harsh. It operated under the system of the separate prison system, which signalled a shift from physical punishment to psychological. For example, food was used to reward well-behaved prisoners, and as punishment for badly behaved prisoners who would receive the bare minimum of bread and water. As a punishment they were also hooded and made to stay silent, to allow time to reflect on what they had done wrong. Many formed a mental illness. 3. Convict tattoos… more than just for decoration. It’s nice to know some things are woven through history. Go back 180 years, and even convicts had a thing for tattoos. And just like today, they were for many and varied reasons. From purely decorative, to a tribute to a loved one, and even a reminder of a trial date, or in fact when their sentence would be complete. While some of the most common tattoos were that of a woman, a cross or crucifixion, a heart with the initials of a loved one, a man, and a mermaid – the most popular was that of an anchor, which was a symbol for hope. 4. Drawing the short-straw… the life of a soldier There was no glory in guarding convicts. Speak to most soldiers and they say they train for battle to defend their country and that of their allies. So imagine being called up for duty when there is not only no chance for any of that, you’re across the other side of the world in a place called Van Diemen’s Land. Most regiments posted at Port Arthur regarded it as a low point in their history. Their main job was obviously security, watching over the convicts working in the bush or building boats, and of course chasing after escapees. With their accommodation next to the Commandant’s house, it wasn’t all bad news. Senior offices and their families apparently had busy social lives and enjoyed dinner parties! 5. The beauty of Garden Point. Most convicts lived a life of heavy labour, and for those already skilled they would be put to work in their trade. But for those men who were too weak for the heavy lifting, you’d find them in the gardens or performing light duties. Well it’s not the last time that I slept on a couch but it is, for some reason, something that I recently remember doing and it even came to me while I was half-asleep one night. This was perhaps when I was 14 or so, 1990-1991 and we were in Irinjalakuda which is where my father’s family home is. But I think this as not at his house but another relative;s house – maybe his older brother’s family’s house. I am not very close to that side of the family as I have always preferred to spend time with my mom’s family. Anyways we were there for a wedding and there was a party, so this would have been the night before or two nights before. My family has to drive 90 minutes or so to reach this place and I think we were staying for the weekend. There was food & drinks being served and my dad was having a gala time with his relatives and my mom and sister were sitting with a bunch of the ladies in another room. I was bored very quickly and post a quick dinner, I wandered upstairs and settled in a big room. A male cousin, a few years older than me, asked me if I wanted some comics to read and I said yes. So I spent the night, which would have been from 10 pm till almost the next morning lying on that couch with a table lamp next to me and read these Astrix comics. Most of the night I was alone but I do know that early in the morning two of my cousins came and lay on mattresses on the other side of the room. I spent the night listening to the sounds from the party downstairs and reading the books and fell asleep y around 2 am when the party stopped. If you like your fries crispy, crinkle cut might be just the fry to suit your taste. Waffle-cut fries, also known as crinkle-cut fries, are made from potatoes that have been cut into a waffle shape, creating a lot of ridges and grooves. They are also deep-fried and have a crispy texture. According to The Frozen Biscuit, the crinkle-cut shape gives fries more surface area, increasing the amount of crispiness the outside of the fry can have per bite. It also creates more places for salt and dipping sauces to adhere. The crinkle cut’s unique shape keeps it crunchier for longer, staving off sogginess. Those rigid nooks provide heightened scooping ability for ketchup, in the same way, that Tostitos scoops tortilla chips work with queso. Crinkle-cutting French fries may improve their crispiness, as well as their ability to retain dipping sauce. These crinkle-cut potatoes come with 30 % less fat and 20 % fewer calories than their regular fry option, and reportedly 40 % less fat and 30 % add calories: fewer calories than McDonald’s famous fries. In the future how will we travel? I hope that we will emulate some of the science fiction shows & movies and we travel in a lot more comfort and luxury than what we do right now an with a whole more safety. When will this happen, I do not know, but it will happen. Let’s say that you are traveling from somewhere on earth and traveling to another planet which we have colonized. Like let’s say we have colonized multiple planets or that humankind now lives on the 10 planets & 7 moons like in the futuristic world that I have created up for my stories. And you have planned to travel to a different star system system as you are creating a paper on something – like maybe a report for university about the atmosphere of some star system or something. So you sit at your desk at home post breakfast and then do a video call with a travel agent representative. She clicks on her screens and finds you a large spaceship that is traveling to that star system, and others, as part of a tourist / pleasure cruise. Once you give her a confirmation, you add your credentials and identification to the screen so she can access it so on her end and book the room for you. You are traveling with your Golden Retriever and a domestic robot. She books the room for the 3 of you, comments on the beauty of your dog and then tells you when you should arrive for the trip and then wish you a happy & fruitful trip. On the day of the journey, you are driven to the airport and you get into the line to check in. You, your dog & robot are then directed to this lounge area and there you wait for a while with a coffee and a sandwich for you, a bowl of water and chow for your pet. When it is boarding time you are beamed into the large spaceship, along with the rests of the 1000+ passengers. The 20 staff and over 100 hospitality robots take care of guiding the passengers to the various single rooms or family suites, depending on who you are, and you find your gorgeous room – a large comfortable bed, a desk with a computer console inbuilt into it here you can also use your own personal device. Tv screens and a replicator wardrobe section built into the wall on one section and a food & drink replicator on another section. A dining table with chairs, plus a couple of sofas in the middle. You also have a large bathroom with a tub, sink/mirror, an enclosed shower and toilet with a separated enclosed shower and toilet section for your dog. You settle down for the evening an decide to take a shower and change after the spaceship takes off into space. You have several days before you reach your destination star system. You can go around the ship and visit on of the several restaurants and bars that serve you food cooked and prepared to your specifications and you can have some food made for your pet too. Or you can sit in your room / suite and replicate some delicious food. As you are winding down for the night, your dinner done but you are just sipping that after dinner drink or ice cream you do a quick video call with your family back home and then change into your pjs, call for the lights to dim down and get into bed. Your robot connects to the charger in the room, while your dog after contemplating her luxurious dog bed, looks up at you with those puppy eyes, so you sigh and let her on the bed, carefully tucking the covers around her. You scratch her ears and let her loving lick your face before you both lie down and drift off to sleep. As do most of the other passengers in the ship. The crew sign off after the final checks and then go to their quarters for their sleep, as the robots take over the running of the ship which travels through space heading towards your destination.
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Hen House Hierarchy- a story-LONG, but fun!greenspun.com : LUSENET : Countryside : One Thread This is a story that my Great Aunt Jean wrote of her experiences with chickens in the 1940's. She is now 88 years old and living in Arizona with her husband, Glen Rader, and I meant to get this story into Countryside to see if they wanted to publish it, but just haven't had the time! If you have any comments you would like to share, please do...I plan to send her this as a print out. I think she'd really enjoy hearing from you. Thanks! Hen House Heirarchy by Jean Davenport (now Rader) of Tucson , AZ September 14 They are here! Twelve sleek white hens with plump red combs which they wear at rakish angles, like Princess Eugenie hats, are at this moment exploring the hen house I laboured four days to prepare. Mrs. Twickenham says they are laying. They'd better, that's all I've got to say. I heaved at least a ton of mouldy litter and stuff out of that coop. Then I scraped it, swept it, scrubbed it with hot lye water. I bought $8.70 worth of hen groceries, and I paid Mrs. Twickenham $2.00 a piece for the hens. That makes $22.70 invested so far. Heavens! I'm glad I didn't start out on the scale of several hundred. Bill has adopted a tolerant attitude toward this venture. I think it makes him feel magnanimous to indulge his wife's whim. They laid an egg today....but they ate it. I saw flecks of egg yolk on their faces. Good Lord, I wonder if they are perverted. September 17 I made a discovery. If I talk to them and rattle the catch on the door before I go in , their reaction is considerably milder- more like an ordinary TNT charge instead of an atom bomb. September 25 Five eggs today!! When I go into the hen house now two of the hens run toward me instead of away from me. They seem curious to see what I bring them. This afternoon I heard a terrible uproar-- all twelve of them cackling at the tops of their lungs. The cause was only a mouse, but they were completely unstrung as if they had seen a ghost. After dark, when they were all sleeping on their perches with their heads under their wings, I took Tobias T. Tomcat out there and he nailed that mouse in one second flat. September 30 Today Mrs. Brownstern took a bit of stale bread from my fingers! She is the biggest and boldest of the lot, and her name came to me in a flash as I observed her walking away from me. She just ain't neat. There's another one I call Stubtail, and a third who has a crooked toe--that's Crippletoe. It's fun to watch them, but the more I observe them the stranger they seem. God must have a sense of humor to have authored such an ill balanced, awkward cousin of the swift birds. She ambles about on two clumsy feet with toes pointing in all directions at once. Her body is designed neither for speed nor manueverability. She pokes her beak forward and then takes a step to catch up with it. This ungainly motion suffices for ordinary travel, but if she is really in a hurry she spreads her wings slightly, lowers her outstretched head like a lance, and charges forward, stern wobbling from side to side in a fashion strongly reminiscent of an unescorted stout lady hurrying to catch a bus. October 7 Twelve eggs today! I was really moved. "Girls" I said, "I'm proud of you. Ya done fine. You're hundred percent Grade A chicks." "Quaw-quaw-qua-aw" Mrs. Brownstern remarked in a complacent tone. Stubtail wigwagged her frayed tailpiece like a gal yanking down her girdle, and Madame Pompadour stopped eating mash and wiped her beak, first one side and then the other, on the edge of the trough. Self-satisfied females! October 15 Mrs. Twickenham advised me to treat the hens for lice every few months, so I bought some sodium flouride, and tonight after dark I went out and took each hen off her perch (Bill held the flashlight) and worked a pinch of the powder into her feathers at various strategic points. It's the dog-gondest thing-- no matter what position you hold a hen, she keeps her head right side up. Bill said if I kept turning Hortense over and over in the same direction she'd wring her own neck. I was half afraid to try it for fear she would. Ten eggs today. October 16 Looked over the pamphlets the druggist gave me about poultry care. They are put out by manufacturers of medicines for livestock. Chickens are certainly subject to a lot of ailments, but I still think the poor creatures have the edge on us because they haven't brains enough to worry about their health. You aren't likely to meet a hen who is a hypochondriac. Eleven eggs today. October 20 Mrs. Brownstern, as is her wont, greeted me cordially this morning when I took the feed in. I squatted down with a pan of oats in my hand, and darned if she didn't hop up on my forearm and start eating! Stubtail, not to be outdone, stood tall , examining a button on my jacket first with one eye and then the other, and then grabbed it and gave a fierce tug. When I talk to them the whole flock replies in various tones. I can even distinguish some of their voices. Bill acts superior and amused about "those damned hens" but I think he gets a kick out of watching them too. Twelve eggs today. October 21 This is a beautiful blue-and-gold October day, and I let the hens out just to see what they'd do. At first they didn't venture out, but finally after long consideration, Mrs. Brownstern stepped forth into the wide world. Hortense followed and eventually all the rest. They explored slowly, eating clover, pebbles, bits of broken glass, grasshoppers, and other tempting morsels as they went. Dribblepuss wandered out to the road and almost got her everlasting from a big truck. I am beginning to see why a hen is so flighty. In the first place her eyes are placed in her head at divergent angles, so that she is constantly seeing conflicting visual images, and the effort to focus her attention and resolve all of those conflicting images must be a terrific strain. This structural handicap is at the root of her silly swivel necked approach to any situation. She walks through the tall grass. A movement catches her eye, the right eye, that is. It seems to be a yellow cat, but she can't tell how close he is because she has no depth perception. Her left eye sees the barn door and the corn crib. So she sticks her neck up in the air like a periscope and rotates her head to examine the cat with the other eye. Now the right eye beholds the outhouse and beyond that, the orchard. Still, she can't tell whether the cat is two feet long and ten feet away from her, or ten feet long and thirty feet away. You can forgive her for being a little nervous about this problem. A cackle communicates her misapprehension to all her sisters, who immediately take up this range finding activity in an effort to corrulate enough pictures of the cat to form some idea of his size, distance, and possible danger. Finally Tobias Tomcat, his dignity offended by the uproar, yawns and stalks away to watch for a mouse somewhere. Giddiness therefore is natural to the hen. Doubtless this accounts for her perversity. When frightened, she'll pass up an open gateway in panic and then nearly decapitate herself trying to frantically get through an inch-and-a-half wire mesh. October 23 Stubtail lets me pick her up now. When I stroke her feathers and bring my hand near her head she closes her inner eyelid only. This membrane works from corner to corner, just the opposite of the outer eyelids. It would be a decided advantage to have two sets of eyelids, especially if you worked for a railroad. Ten eggs today. October 25 As much as I like Mrs. Brownstern, i regret to say that she is a bossy old busy body. She is the self appointed head of the welcoming committee when I bring food, and whoever forgets it is reminded with a good sound peck. Today I caught her trying to chase Dribbleouss if her nest, although there were plenty of empty ones available. Poor Droopy Drawers gets the worst of it, though. She's the one with the hang dog look. Even her tail feathers bespeak a lack of self-confidence, and everybody shoves her around. I am unable to decide if her ego was stunted because she was an incubator baby and has never known a mother's love or if she lacks self-assurance because of a naturally lower vitality. Possibly psychosomatics could supply the answer. October 26 Bill cannot understand how I arrived at their names. "It's simple" I told him. "you know Mrs. Brownstern, of course. And Dribblepuss always looks as if she should have worn a bib. Droopy Drawers is the only one in the bunch who fits that name......" "Well, Madam X is rather svelte and has a certain gleam in her eye, but she's sort of on the social fringe,like a woman with a past. Now take Frieda, there. Look at her. Ample of bosom, broad of beam, just a little blowsy, like a hefty Dutch hausfrau. You couldn't possibly call her Nancy." "I see," he said in a tone which indicated he didn't see. "But why did you name that one Hortense instead of Martha?" "I just looked at her and watched her and all of a sudden the name Hortense came to me. Martha wouldn't fit at all." Bill shook his head doubtfully. Sometimes men reject the most obvious thing merely because they can't find a logical reason for it. They prefer to arrive at their conclusions by instruction or deduction or some such laborious method. They did pretty well today. Eleven eggs. October These Indian Summer days are few but unbelievably perfect. this afternoon I let the hens out and sat in the sun, just soaking up the golden light. The hens seemed to enjoy it too. Underneath the eaves where the ground is bare and the soil is fine, they made a dust bath. This dust bath is the ultimate in debauchery. I never witnessed such utter abandonment to dissipation. The feathered ladies came to like it like women of fashion meeting in a cocktail lounge. There was considerable conversation and gossip as Mrs. Brownstern and two or three others scratched and loosened the fine dirt....and by the way, there's no gesture in the animal kingdom as unlovely as a hen scratching. Wriggling into a girdle can't approach it. Next they stirred the earth wuth short quick jabs of their beaks and squatted in the dust. Then the orgy began. Plumage ruffled, wings spread, they flopped on their sides and wallowed, fluffing the dust all through their feathers. After a few minutes of this dissipation, the dust began to settle, and there they lay, eyes bleary, combs awry, feathers ruffed and thick with dirt, look for all the world like D.A.R. gals on one helluva binge! Frieda, Madame Pompadour and some of the others who didn't go all out in this spree sat nearby, preening themselves in the sunlight, fluffing, shaking, and smoothing their feathers. Heads darted under one wing, and then the other, on breast and back and legs, in a grotesque parody of milady using bath powder. Poor Droopy Drawers and Madame X sat apart, like soacial hangers-on, having been cruelly squelched by the elite when they tried to join in the rites of the dust bath. Droopy Drawers especially leads an unenviable life, eating and drinking only when the others suffer her to. At nightfall she is the last to go to roost, she is pecked if she crowds to close to the others and usually winds up on a cold outside perch. Neither Listerine, nor Lifeboy, nor even a DuBarry Success Course could raise her enjoyment of liberty, equality and sorority. I wonder if Karl Marx was aware that priveledge and deprivation are not always a result of private ownership of the means of production. Ten eggs. November 18 This morning their drinking water was frozen. When I brought them fresh water they crowded at the fountain to drink. Because they have a hard beak without lips and only a stiff reed like tounge, they have to rely on gravity to get a drink. They plunge their beaks in the water and then quickly tip their heads up and back in order to swallow it. I never cared much for the chicken neck on the platter, but I begin to see this unlovely portion is structurally sound and necessary for survival. If you built a hen with a neck like a rabbit ,for instance, she wouldn't survive for a day. She couldn't even eat, because she relies on the forward thrust of her neck to assist in swallowing her food. December 28 When Hortense lays an egg she hops off the nest, emits a functory "Kut-kut-kut-daDOCKit" and goes about her business. Crippletoe, on the other hand, really believes in advertising and will often cackle for ten minutes after her crowning achievement of the day. Bill asked why the "damfools" make such a racket over an egg. "Can you think of any other creature that can produce as much concentrated nourishment each day, in proportion to it's body weight?" I asked him. He thought for a minute ...."No." I pressed the matter further. "Can you think of any way to improve an egg?" He considered for awhile. "If they were square they wouldn't roll off the stove." "Be serious," I said. "Think of the poor hen." He grudingly admitted he couldn't think of any practical improvement in the structure or content of the egg. "I don't know about you , Bill", I said, "but personsally, if I could do even one thing each day that was perfect, I'd cackle too." January 19 The weather has been brutal, but the hens seem cheerful in spite of it. Spent $6.55 on the hens victuals today. Nine eggs. March 19 We're getting low on eggs, and this morning I only had two in the house. I ran out to the hen house, and sure enough, Hortense was in the act of laying one. I waited a few minutes until she finished, grabbed it and brought it in for Bill's breakfast. He said it was unquestionably the freshest egg he had ever eaten. Four eggs today. April 28 Mrs. Twickenham called on me today. She says the hens aren't sick, they're just starting to moult. So that's why they look so frayed out! Frieda has only two tail feathers left, and Madame Pompadour looks lik she has moths. Mrs. Brownstern is still going strong, though. She would! Only three eggs today. May 1 I was in the chicken coop this afternoon when Bill came home early with a headache. He remarked acidly that I spent more time with the damned chickens than I did with people. Somehow I did not feel that this was the time to explain to him that I enjoy the chickens because they remind me of people, and that on the other hand, lots of people remind me of chickens. So I gave him two aspirin tablets and got him to lie down while I cooked dinner. Two eggs. May 15 We are almost out of feed, and I had to buy eggs today. I finally broke down and admitted we were losing money on the hens. Bill said, with a tone of finality,"If they don't work, they get et." The idea of eating Hortense or any of the others was not attactive, but I assented, provided he would kill and pluck them. I got the axe and handed it to him. "Which one shall we eat first?" I asked. Bill looked kind of funny and said"Aw hell. Let's sell 'em." The poultry dealer gave us $18.20 for them. As near as I could figure, I made $3.28 net on them since last September. I told Bill about it. "That's not very much," I admitted. "We should have gotten rid of them sooner. But gee, I'm going to miss Hortense and Mrs. Brownstern and the rest." Bill cleared his throat twice. "Honey,'he said," why don't you put that eighteen bucks aside until we can pick up some pullets?" Well, here I go again. Next week I'm going to clean and disinfect the hen house. -- Doreen ([email protected]), June 22, 2000 Great story!!! I thought I was the only one who kept chickens just for the fun of it (as in: they arn't laying enough to pay for their keep). Wasn't $2.00 a piece a lot of money for a hen back then. I thought that mine were worth about that now. -- Peggy Adkins ([email protected]), June 22, 2000. I really enjoyed the story! What fun! Thanks for sharing it. -- Jean ([email protected]), June 22, 2000. Delightful story! Thanks for posting it, and now,I think I will go out and watch my own "girls" for a while! Jan -- Jan in Colorado ([email protected]), June 22, 2000. Doreen, please tell Jean Davenport Rader that surely she is a lovely person, with wonderful wit and appreciation for nature. Has she written more? Please see if she will share with us! -- Rachel ([email protected]), June 22, 2000. Thanks Doreen. That was fun. -- john leake ([email protected]), June 22, 2000. What a great story! Brought tears to my eyes. I want more, please find out if she has anymore stories. thank you. Now I need to go visit my girls. -- tina shrout ([email protected]), June 23, 2000. Your aunt has a gift for writing, Hope she shares more storys with us. -- kathy h ([email protected]), June 23, 2000. Thank you, thank you, thank you!!! I thoroughly enjoyed the descriptions of the little ladies - many a chuckle and smile was generated by this story. I saw my birds in her words, and have always considered chickens ('specially my girls) as having many of the same qualities and personalities as people - Thank you once again. Judi -- Judi ([email protected]), June 23, 2000. Thanks so much for your comments!I thought that if people enjoyed this story half as much as I did that it would just enrich their day somewhat. I don't know if she has written other stories...unfortunately I didn't get to spend much time with my extended family when I was young because we had moved a few states away and it wasn't feasible. Aunt Jean was very active in the theater until lately and always the most fun to be around as she a natural story telling ability (akin to Mark Twain in my opinion) and the best delivery! She could keep you in stitches for hours! -- Doreen ([email protected]), June 24, 2000. Indeed,she is a talented writer!Wonderfully descriptive! ~~~~~Tracy~~~~ -- Tracy Jo Neff ([email protected]), June 24, 2000. I only had a few minutes but thought I would check out the post any way and started to read! I forgot everyhthing else and read the entire thing!!!We should all try keeping our thoughts on paper for our grandchildern and greats! Maybe she has written more and will share with us!!Thanks again -- Debbie T in N.C. ([email protected]), June 25, 2000.
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When I look at the sunshine state, I can’t help but see the golden opportunities that Florida real estate investing presents. Beyond the beautiful beaches and year-round sun, the potential for cash flow and property appreciation is substantial. But why are savvy investors eyeing Florida’s market so keenly? The reasons are as clear as the coastal waters – a growing population, a booming tourism industry, and a dynamic housing market. Real estate investing isn’t just about snapping up properties; it’s a deliberate game of chess that requires strategic thinking and timing. Florida, with its diverse range of investment opportunities from vacation rentals to commercial properties, offers a board where investors can make their moves. But how does one sift through the multitude of options and pinpoint the right investment? It starts with understanding the local market dynamics, identifying key locations, and analyzing properties with a critical eye. I see investing in Florida real estate as not just a chance to grow wealth, but also an adventure in one of the most vibrant states in the U.S. - Florida’s growing population and tourism are key drivers of its real estate potential. - Strategic investment requires understanding local market dynamics and pinpointing key locations. - Analyzing properties critically is vital to successful real estate investing in Florida. Understanding the Florida Real Estate Market Navigating the Florida real estate landscape requires a keen eye on market dynamics and an understanding of the economic forces at play. Let’s look at the data, consider the economy’s influence, and see how demographic shifts are steering the Sunshine State’s property market. Market Trends and Data What’s the latest with Florida’s housing market? As of December 31, 2023, the average home value in Florida stood at $389,325, reflecting a year-over-year increase. Peek into the past, and you’ll find the market considerably hotter in 2020 and 2021 — yet times have changed. Data from September 2022 tells us the number of homes sold dropped by nearly 30%, with listings down over 20% from the previous year. These trends signal a shift, but what does this mean for you, the investor? Well, It’s all about timing and opportunity. Florida Economic Factors How can the economy impact your investment? Florida’s economy is strong, diverse, and driven by sectors such as tourism, agriculture, and international trade. It’s these underpinnings that offer resilience against market volatility. Appreciate this: a stable economy can bolster property values and rental demand. If I’m eyeing investment properties, I’m looking at the economic indicators — and so should you. They’re not just numbers; they’re signals. Population Growth and Demographics Guess what’s fueling demand for homes? You got it: people moving in. Florida’s allure isn’t fading, as evidenced by its steady population growth. Consider this: more people might mean more tenants and buyers. With the median home value reflecting an affordability that attracts multifamily investors, we can’t overlook the appeal for traditional homeownership either. As demographics shift and more folks chase the sun, we see opportunities — do you? Key Locations for Investment When aiming to turn the tide on traditional financial planning, location is everything in the real estate game. But where exactly should you cast your nets to capture the best investment catch in Florida? Miami and Orlando rise as the twin beacons of opportunity. Have you considered the allure of Miami’s energetic lifestyle mixed with its potential for both long-term and short-term investments? It’s not just the sun and surf that attract investors – it’s the robust tourism and burgeoning rental market. Or what about Orlando? The city isn’t just about theme parks; it’s a hub for traditional investors with its steady flow of tourists year-round. - Tampa and Jacksonville also make the list as prime locations. Tampa’s appeal to first-time investors is undeniable, thanks to its unique blend of cultural experiences and economic growth. And what about Jacksonville? Its affordability makes it a haven for those looking to invest on a budget. Have you heard about the under-the-radar stars like Sarasota, Lakeland, and Naples? Sarasota, with its pristine beaches, offers a promising market for those interested in Airbnb properties, while Lakeland’s strategic location between Tampa and Orlando could mean undervalued opportunities awaiting smart money moves. And Naples? It’s not just for luxury living; its investment potential in an upscale market is something to seriously ponder. - Don’t overlook Gainesville and West Palm Beach. With a healthy mix of students and professionals in Gainesville, the rental market is ripe for those eyeing long-term investments. And West Palm Beach is emerging as an investment hotspot with its perfect blend of luxury and growth potential. Do they fit into your vision of financial freedom? Each of these Floridian gems offers unique advantages depending on your investment strategy. Have you calculated your route to financial freedom through Florida’s real estate yet? Analyzing Investment Properties When it comes to securing your financial freedom, diving into Florida’s real estate market could be the game-changer. Let’s explore the crucial steps I take to ensure any investment property aligns with my financial goals and investment strategy. Assessing Property Values Why pay more when you can pay less for the same value, right? When evaluating investment properties in Florida, I start by looking at the purchase price in relation to current market conditions. I analyze comparable sales to ensure the price reflects the true property values. It’s like finding that gem where others see just stones. And remember, the price to rent ratio gives a hint on how much rental income I can anticipate compared to the property’s price. It’s the first step to see if a property might be the golden egg in my investment portfolio. |Comparable Sales Price |Subject Property Price |Price to Rent Ratio Cash Flow and ROI Analysis How does one determine if an investment property is a safe bet for a steady stream of cash? The answer lies in the numbers. I delve into the financials and perform a detailed cash flow analysis. I meticulously scrutinize all the expenses against the rental income to forecast the net cash flow. It’s not just about positive cash flow; it’s about maximizing it. And what about the long game? Calculating the return on investment (ROI) seals the deal. This percentage tells me how efficient my investment is, or in other words, if I’m truly on my way to financial liberation. |Gross Rental Income |Less Operating Expenses |Net Operating Income |Less Mortgage Payments |Annual Cash Flow |ROI (Before Tax) Investing smartly in Florida’s real estate is not just about acquiring assets. It’s knowing the true value, understanding the financial implications, and making calculated moves that lead to unwavering cash flow and remarkable ROI. Isn’t it time to make those investments work for us? Investment Strategies and Property Types When we talk about securing a robust financial future through real estate investment, Florida stands out as a goldmine. I’ll guide you through strategies involving rental properties and vacation homes, particularly tapping into both long-term gains and the lucrative short-term rental market. The question is, how can you effectively plant your flag in Florida’s sandy soils to harvest steady profits? Why consider rental properties, particularly single-family homes and apartment buildings? Think about stability. With a focus on long-term investment, renting out properties offers a consistent cash flow. Remember, the aim here is not just to own; it’s to own smart. That means finding multi-family homes in areas where the demand for rentals is on the rise. Is the rental market expanding near business hubs or educational institutions? That’s where you want to be. Vacation Homes and Short-Term Rentals Now, what about capitalizing on Florida’s bustling tourism? The state’s sunshine and beaches are magnets for visitors, so investing in a vacation home that doubles as a short-term rental is a strategy brimming with potential. Short-term rentals not only allow for flexibility in pricing according to seasonal demand but also yield higher rental income in peak tourist seasons. However, it’s critical to consider the location and local regulations – are you close enough to the attractions and amenities that matter to tourists? The Financials of Florida Real Estate Investing Before diving into the world of real estate investing in Florida, it’s crucial to understand the financials. Just like in any savvy investment game, the rules include knowing your numbers, acknowledging the play between income and expenses, and strategizing to maximize benefits while minimizing costs. Financing Options and Costs Are you wondering how to jumpstart your investment in Florida? The financing options are plentiful, but smart investors know it’s not just about securing funds; it’s about finding the right blend of cost and terms. Traditional mortgages might be the go-to, but have you considered portfolio lenders or even hard money loans for more flexibility? What about private financing options for a more personalized approach? And let’s not forget, the cost of your loan impacts your bottom line. Remember, interest rates and loan fees contribute to the overall cost of your investment property. Which financial path will lead you to your goal of financial freedom? Investing in Florida real estate isn’t just about the sunshine; it’s about the tax benefits too, isn’t it? But are you fully aware of what property taxes can do to your cash flow? Florida’s property taxes are pivotal to your investment calculations. However, consider the sweeteners: tax deductions for mortgage interest, depreciation, and even certain operational costs that can boost your investment portfolio’s value. And let’s not glaze over the fact that Florida is one of the few states with no personal income tax, meaning more money in your pocket from passive income. But how do these tax laws interact with your investment strategy? Can you confidently navigate the maze of tax benefits to reinforce your financial fortress? Remember, knowledge is potential power, and in the terrain of Florida real estate, being financially literate makes you the master of your own financial destiny. Navigating Risks and Legal Considerations As an investor, I’m constantly vigilant about the risks and legal aspects of my real estate ventures. In Florida, this means being acutely aware of natural disaster tendencies and stringent regulations that can affect both short-term and long-term rental properties. I’ll share insights on how I face these challenges head-on. Natural Disaster Preparedness Why would I invest in an area known for hurricanes without a solid plan? I wouldn’t. My properties are equipped to withstand the brute force of nature. I always ensure that: - Construction Standards: Buildings comply with the Florida Building Code, which includes specific requirements for hurricane resistance. - Insurance: I secure comprehensive insurance that covers natural disasters, factoring this into my budget to safeguard my investments. How do I navigate the complex legal landscape of Florida real estate? Meticulously. Whether it’s lease agreements for long-term rentals or regulations for short-term vacation homes, understanding the laws is non-negotiable. I stay informed about changes by: - Landlord-Tenant Laws: Keeping abreast with the Florida Residential Landlord-Tenant Act is crucial. I respect tenants’ rights while protecting my own interests. - Zoning Laws: Every property I consider for purchase must adhere to local zoning laws, preventing potential legal headaches related to improper land use. Taking these steps ensures I navigate through the vagaries of real estate investing with a steady hand, ready to reap the rewards while keeping the risks at bay. Building Your Real Estate Investment Team When I decided to invest in Florida’s vibrant real estate market, I knew assembling a rock-solid team was non-negotiable. The quality of the team can make or break your investments, just as the foundation supports a building. Who do you trust to guide you through the maze of buying, selling, and managing properties? Selecting a Real Estate Agent Why settle for average when you can work with a qualified real estate agent who has a sterling track record? This professional is my boots on the ground, my eyes and ears in the market. It’s essential to choose someone deeply familiar with Florida’s diverse real estate segments. I look for someone who isn’t just selling properties but providing insights and strategies that align with my financial goals. - Experience: They should know the local market like the back of their hand. - Network: A well-connected agent can open doors that others can’t. - Reputation: I choose someone who comes highly recommended by other investors. - Alignment: Their investment philosophy should mirror my own. After all, this isn’t just a transaction; it’s a partnership. Legal and Financial Advisers Isn’t it true that the best offense is a good defense? When it comes to protecting my investments, legal and finance pros are my defensive line. With the right legal adviser, I navigate contracts, negotiations, and any unforeseen complexities with a sense of security. My financial adviser helps me keep the numbers in check, ensuring I’m not just growing my portfolio, but also my net worth. - Credentials: Only advisers with proven expertise and relevant qualifications make it to my team. - Strategy: I expect proactive tactics, not just reactive advice. Are they thinking two steps ahead? - Communication: Clear, concise, and regular communication keeps us all moving in the same direction. - Goals: My advisers should share my vision of financial freedom and work tirelessly to help me achieve it. In Florida’s competitive real estate market, forging a robust team with the right mix of skills and attitudes is paramount. They’re not just my team; they’re my council of allies in the financial battlefield, helping me win one investment at a time. Advanced Insights for Florida Real Estate Investors As a savvy investor eyeing the Florida market, I understand the importance of being armed with the most insightful information. It’s more than just sunny beaches and tourist spots; diving into the market dynamics and the value of portfolio diversification can reveal where the true opportunities lie. Market Dynamics and Projections Why is Florida attracting my attention and that of many other seasoned investors? Here, the market dynamics signify not just up-and-coming neighborhoods but also the implications of a strong job market and a diverse economy that drive demand in the housing sector. Considering these factors, I project that investment in the Floridian real estate market is likely to mirror the steady growth we’ve been seeing. - Steady Annual Appreciation: Historically, certain areas in Florida have seen consistent real estate appreciation. According to insights gained from HomeLight, cities like Jacksonville and Tampa have been showing promising annual growth. - Strong Demand Indicators: Tourism and population growth contribute to a strong rental market, especially in urban areas or near attractions. Diversification in Your Portfolio Now, when I think about crafting a resilient investment plan, diversification is key. Why put all my eggs in one basket, when the Floridian market offers broad opportunities to spread risk and potential gains across various types of properties? - Commercial and Residential Assets: I balance my portfolio with a mix of commercial properties and residential dwellings based on market research and projections, such as those mentioned in Bilzin insights into the 2024 real estate trends. - Geographic Spread: By investing in different locales within the state, I leverage the contrasts in market dynamics from the beaches of Miami to the suburban landscapes of Orlando. By keeping a pulse on the evolving market and strategically spreading my investments, I position myself to capitalize on the myriad opportunities that the Florida real estate market presents. Frequently Asked Questions In my journey through Florida’s real estate landscape, I’ve encountered key questions that resonate with investors. The insight below pinpoints crucial aspects of Florida real estate investing based on recent market trends and investment strategies. What are the top cities to invest in Florida for high rental yield? I’ve analyzed the market and found that cities like Tampa, Orlando, and Jacksonville often offer high rental yields. Is the charm of Miami’s nightlife or the serenity of Sarasota’s beaches more profitable? The answer might surprise you. According to Ark7’s insights on investment properties, these markets also maintain a balance between affordability and potential for appreciation. How has the Florida housing market trended over the past year for potential investors? Looking at market trends, Florida’s housing prices have demonstrated notable growth over the past year. But just how sustainable is this growth? When considering an investment, awareness of trends such as the 14.3% year-over-year growth rate is imperative for making informed decisions. What tools and resources are essential for analyzing Florida real estate investment opportunities? When I look at the numbers, key resources like real estate analytics tools, market trend reports, and professional networks stand out. How can investors cut through the noise and find reliable data? Partnering with top agents and exploring platforms with robust analytics might be the game-changer, as detailed by experts at HomeLight. What strategies should beginners consider when entering the Florida real estate market? For beginners, I suggest starting with strategies that emphasize education and risk mitigation. Could fixing and flipping be your golden ticket, or is long-term rental a more secure path to cash flow? Grasping fundamentals and starting small could pave the way to bigger ventures, much like building a house from the foundation up. How does beachfront property in Florida fare as an investment compared to non-coastal areas? Beachfront properties in Florida captivate with their allure, but do they deliver on investment returns? With the potential for higher rental income, they may seem attractive, but remember, they often come with higher insurance costs and maintenance needs. Is the higher potential income worth the additional risk and expense? With a budget of $20,000, what real estate investment options are available in Florida? With only $20,000, your options might seem limited, but they are not nonexistent. Have you considered a down payment on a small property, investing in a real estate investment trust (REIT), or perhaps pooling resources with like-minded investors? Creative financing options, such as leveraging mortgages and loans, might also open doors that seem closed. Kurt has gone from the financial lows of the ’08 financial crisis to personal financial success. He is a professional real estate investor owning properties in multiple states. One of his passions is financial education and the pursuit of financial freedom. You can learn more about Kurt here.
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Backorders & Restock FAQ category will have more details, along with our Backorder policy page. It depends on the weight of your package, and the distance the package travels from our warehouse in Salt Lake City. For better estimates, please add the item(s) to your cart, and proceed to checkout. You can view prices for each type of shipping method BEFORE you complete your order. We do not have any way of paying your country's customs fees before shipment. We also have no way of estimating or prepaying those fees since there is no database for us to go through to do so. Unfortunately, as it stands currently, the only way they can be paid is on the buyer's side. This would be true for any parcel going through the USPS service from America. USPS shipping charges cover shipping only, not customs and customs handling fees by your country’s mail service. International packages may be subject to additional fees for customs/duty charges. Please note that we cannot mark packages as “gift” to help you evade customs as that’s international mail fraud. We know customs can be quite a hassle, but unfortunately these fees are well beyond our control. Buyer beware, and know your country’s laws to avoid disappointment. Unfortunately, we can only offer free shipping on domestic orders at this time. Apologies! There are a few reasons why this may happen! - Did you apply a coupon or discount code to your cart? This is known to cause issues and confusion, as the free shipping promotion to your entire cart (before taxes) needs to meet or exceed $75 USD upon checkout. Applying discounts will affect this if it causes your order to go under $74.99 and below! - Our free shipping option does not take taxes or shipping prices into account. - Gift cards, raffle tickets, and other digital items do not apply towards free shipping. - Free shipping does not apply to Lumin's Workshop EVA Foam sheets due to the shipping size. Yes but the storefront is closed right now. We will let you know when it opens again! A: Shipping insurance is included on Priority and Express USPS domestic and international packages, as well as all UPS packages. Shipping insurance is not included on USPS First Class domestic or international. Please be aware that we cannot offer replacements on parcels shipped via this method. If your tracking number states that your package is delivered but you have not received anything, please be sure to check your mail area (mailbox, lobby, front desk, etc), as well as with neighboring residences. If your tracking number says delivered and still nothing has turned up after 48 hours, please contact us at [email protected] and we will do our best to get the claims process underway as quickly as possible. Claims process and investigation typically takes 2-4 weeks before a refund or replacement can be provided. A: Please email us at [email protected]! We try to quality check everything, but mistakes may slip past us. Provide your order number, let us know the issue, and send photos. Defects are a case by case basis, but we are happy to assist you in any way we can! A: All sales are final on clearance and discontinued items. We apologize for the inconvenience. Backorders & Restock Please see our Backorder & Shipping Policies page for more details! Unfortunately we cannot, sorry! When an order is placed, it only covers the shipping process of one package. Your order will not be shipped out until ALL items are accounted for. If you want an in stock item sooner, please purchase it on a separate transaction! We understand it’s a hassle, but we can ship in stock orders much more quickly that way! That depends on the item(s)! Please visit our restock page for more information. Completed orders containing backordered items will ship out shortly after our restock arrives. This means if your order contains more than one backordered item, it will be shipped after all backordered items are received in our warehouse, which includes orders with items on different restocks. If you do not see an item listed, feel free to email us at [email protected]. You might be ordering during a sale! Backorders are temporarily disabled during ALL of our sales. You can backorder a wig again as soon as the sale is over. If there is no sale going on, please contact us. Keep in mind that only WIGS and WIG ACCESSORIES can be backordered. Styling tools, makeup, crafting items, etc cannot be backordered. All restocks are soft dates only. This is because we are at the mercy of shipping times and customs holds for all restock shipments. Sometimes we won’t know the arrival date of our restock until the week before! We do our best to keep everyone fully updated, but oftentimes, we only have a soft date far in advance. This is why all restocks go by month instead of exact days of the week. We are likely processing your order as you read this. Please wait the current posted processing time, and email us in the event it has passed and you've not received a tracking number. Check out our convention schedule here! Please note that our schedule is subject to change throughout the year. We only bring a specific selection of wigs to each convention. It is usually based on popularity and/or current and trending anime, video games, etc. If you would like to purchase a specific wig at our booth, please request it! We post a request form 2-3 weeks before a show. Check out that link and submit your request! The link will be available via social media, newsletter, and our Convention Schedule page once we have it ready. Out of stock items do not apply. Requests are NOT guaranteed unless we have confirmed with you via email! If we cannot process your request, we will do our best to accommodate you otherwise! Tutorials & Styling Arda does not offer either of these services, though we are working on offering that soon! In the meantime, please feel free to check out our list of recommended wig commissioners! You may find and artist who can style just what you need for your next project. (Note: Arda is not responsible for 3rd party transactions) Actually, yes! This tends to happen with longer, straight styles. Some loose fibers may come out with the first combing. Be sure to use a wide-tooth comb! Brushes tend to pull out more fiber. Wigs without skin tops may have crimped fiber. This is intentional and helps with styling or adding volume to your wig. Examples of crimped tops are Inigo, Jaguar, Jareth, Jareth Long, Caine, Kyle, Le Tigre, and Vegas. Yes! Our CLASSIC fiber is heat-resistant up to 420°F / 215°C, and SILKY to 350°F / 175°C. We suggest using styling tools in the 250-300°F /120-150°C range to extend the lifespan of your wig. To wash your wig, mix a gentle shampoo with cool-to-lukewarm water. Avoid hot water, as this will relax curly wigs. There is no need to lather; gently swish the wig around, then rinse and pat with a towel. Hang or lay out to dry. We offer wig shampoo on our site here! To untangle, use a wide tooth comb or your fingers, gently and gradually working your way from bottom to top. Do not pull as this will stretch the fibers and can cause breakage and frizzing! Persistent knots can be carefully trimmed out of the hair using a pair of small scissors or shears. For curly wigs, work on one ringlet at a time, wrapping the strand around your fingers to restore the curl. A soak in a mixture of water and fabric softener followed by a thorough rinse can help to make the fibers even softer. We offer wonderful detangler sprays on our site here! Products intended for styling hair shouldn't damage the wig fibers, but please be aware of harsh chemicals that can damage the wig cap's material such as bleaching agents. If you are wearing the wig while swimming in saltwater or a pool, it should be fine as long as you wash the wig afterwards. Check out our Wig Care Products!
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King Billy Casino - Multiple languages - VIP program - Fast payouts - 24/7 support - Cryptocurrencies are available - Many players are happy with speedy withdrawals Author: Daniella Peterson Published: 20 January 2022 Updated: 19 April 2023 King Billy Casino Review It is important to know the criteria and be able to evaluate casino operators. Once you learn a few tips and find the opinion of a reliable expert, choosing one gambling site out of hundreds becomes much easier. But if you prefer to make your own decisions about everything and have no experience in gambling, it will not be easy, as there is a lot to analyze and take into account. Our team tries to provide as much information about licenses and regulations as we can. This is the main point that you should pay attention to in the first place, without knowing anything about the operator itself. The stricter and more authoritative the jurisdiction, the safer the casino site. This is a criterion that can hardly be overestimated. Further, we look at the gaming portfolio. Games are the reason why players join casinos and they need to be fun on the one hand and fair on the other. The center of any casino lobby is slot machines, but live and table/card games are usually in the second place. The quality of the games varies as they are produced by many different quality slot machine developers. Also, we should not forget that deposit rewards have become an integral part of the industry, and while this aspect is not as important as the legitimacy of the casino and the variety of games, it can be a deciding factor when choosing a casino. Good bonuses are those that help extend the playing time. Furthermore, we invite you to read our recent review about King Billy's virtual casino. King Billy Online Casino Overview Among modern gambling establishments, those who care about the comfort of their customers are highly appreciated. So, in order to attract the user, many virtual gaming clubs do not just add a lot of gaming machines, but they also turn into a brand "zest". Most often, they are the basis for online casino operation on an interesting topic, giving customers the opportunity not only to make quotations but also to be happy with them. One of these clubs is King Billy Casino. It started its activity in 2017 on a platform from SoftSwiss and was licensed from the Curacao commission. The establishment is owned and operated by N1 Interactive Ltd. Shortly after launching, this gambling title was awarded the "Best New Online Casino 2017" award from AskGamblers. This made it possible to quickly take places in various rankings of the best online casinos. |English, German, French, Japanese |📱 Mobile Optimized |🎰 Progressive Jackpots |💻 Software Providers |Evolution Gaming, Ezugi, Playtech, Pragmatic Play, Tom Horn Gaming, Vivo Gaming, Swintt and others Every visitor to this site becomes a traveler in the country of King Billy. This is a white-haired guy who loves gambling and instills this love for all the inhabitants of the kingdom. Once you become a tourist, you will become familiar with all the entertainment in Majesty’s kingdom, and the most stubborn will go all the way from the city to the right hand of Billy himself. King Billy decided not to stay on the license and went to additional safety measures for the inhabitants of his country. Therefore, the casino website operates an SSL encryption system, which protects all information of each client. Apart from this, the activity of the casino is completely checked by the independent laboratory iTechLabs. 🎲 King Billy Casino Games King Billy Casino is an excellent example of a club that has made its way from a new to popular service in a short time. This happened in many ways thanks to the fast accessory of entertainment. The gambling club catalog contains more than 2000 titles of entertainment from NetEnt, Amatic, Yggdrasil, Habanero, Evolution, Booming, and other supporters. Online casinos without gaming machines, as cache without oil - in theory, it can exist, but it will not be popularly used. Therefore, the administration of King Billy has seriously approached the question of filling this section, as a result of what there is to choose from. Each visitor has access to more than 1000 different slots, among which are both classics, as well as modern, based on films and episodes. We also recommend spending time studying the "NEW" tab, on which fresh software is regularly displayed, suitable for familiarization. There are games with progressive jackpots. If having lived life, you still do not realize that you are just a lucky person, there is an excellent way to quickly pass this test. Take a look at the jackpot slots tab and choose the one who is looking for it, and then start making money bets. Fortunate users will quickly understand what they are, and it will be like a large sum of the main information, just a few milliards of it. There are about 50 jackpot machines at King Billy Casino, including Treasure Nile, Wow Pot, Mega Moolah Isis, Cash Splash, and other things. Customers who value comfort and attention are welcomed by live dealers in the "Live" section. On this tab, you can play blackjack, baccarat, roulette, poker, and some other entertainment. Your company is made up of our dealers - guys and girls who are in the studio and manage the process with the help of a web camera. In general, the catalog contains over 50 variations with different quotation limits, languages, and dealers. You only have to make your choice. For those users who are not interested in slots, we suggest studying the section "Table". It has more than 140 variations of the software, which include blackjack, poker, roulette, baccarat, Craps, Red Dog, Top Card Trumps, Pirate 21, Pontoon, and many others. |Bet on Baccarat |$1 to $5,000 |Pair side bets, available 24/7, wide betting limits |$0.10 to $100 |Turbo game mode, history view, RNG-based game |$1 to $1,000 |Good video quality, wide choice of available languages, side bets |Baccarat Controlled Squeeze |$5 to $10,000 |Standard baccarat rules, unique squeeze feature controlled by gamblers |$5 to $10,000 |Multiple camera views, squeeze feature, trained real dealers |$1 to $500 |Bonus round, impressive multipliers, unique visual effects |$1 to $30,000 |High game speed, 3D view, experienced and friendly dealers |Salon Privé Baccarat |$1 to $5,000 |Deal Now feature, perfect mobile version, exclusive studio design |$0.50 to $200 |Fast gameplay, live chat with real dealers, new studios |No Commission Baccarat |$1 to $5,000 |No Commission rule, supported mobile platforms |$1 to $5,000 |Wide choice of side bets, party atmosphere, brilliant stream quality |$1 to $5,000 |Multiple side bets, great winning odds, live chat |Big Win Baccarat |$0.50 to $15 |Real-time statistics, RNG-based game, available roadmaps |$0.10 to $100 |Mobile version, attractive RTP, classic gameplay |$10 to $500 |High-quality graphics, demo mode, simple rules |$1 to $100 |Mobile game, moderate bets, slick design |$1 to $100 |Convenient controls, demo game, pleasant layout |$0.10 to $1,000 |History board, free demo version, mobile play 🎁 King Billy Bonuses & Promotions As a typically good casino, King Billy offers a welcome bonus, which is a set of deposit bonuses. 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The Belarus-based vendor develops slots with an emphasis on quality visuals as well as immersive sound effects. is a relatively young but experienced provider of uniquely designed games and internal management systems for operators around the world. Booming Games specializes in slot machines. The company's portfolio includes several dozen excellent video slots dedicated to the most popular themes: sea, fantasy, fruit, travel, and so on. All models are distinguished by wonderful graphics with 3D elements, vivid animation effects, stylish design, user-friendly control panel, basic settings, and detailed reference sections. The slot machines have free spins, special symbols, fixed jackpots, unique bonus rounds, and other gameplay options. Games have different variance indicators, but all have a fairly high theoretical return. is a British company based in London, founded in 2013. This is a small studio with a little over twenty employees: developers, designers, artists, and specialists in other fields. It operates under a UK Gambling Commission license. Gamevy games are built using HTML5 technology, which allows them to run in any browser. All of the company's models are offered with a mobile version adapted to run on smartphones. Gamevy is involved in major forums, conferences, and exhibitions. Despite her young age, it managed to receive several prestigious awards. Among them is the victory in the Game to Watch nomination at ICE Totally Gaming 2016. Many of them are at the intersection of genres. For example, SpinLotto has elements of a video slot and lottery. In many models, the outcome of the draws depends not only on the random number generator but also on the user's actions. Given the expanding popularity of skill-based games, this factor can be considered an important advantage. was founded in 2008. The company is headquartered in Berlin. 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As for the currencies, the dollar, euro, and Russian rubles are also available. The minimum amount for the deposit is about $10. All deposits are processed almost instantly, and you will have to wait for fifteen minutes only to receive your winnings using the greater majority of offered methods. Withdrawals are subject to a processing period after which funds can generally reach your account instantly or within 7 business days. The speed of the payout depends on the payment method chosen. There are no fees on deposits, but withdrawals via select payment methods might come with a fee. |King Billy Banking Options |Deposits availability Immediate |Min. Deposit $10 |Withdraw Fee No Fee |Payment Methods: iWallet, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin, Ethereum, Rapid Transfer, ecoPayz, iNSTADEBIT, iDebit, Webmoney, Visa, Skrill, Qiwi, Neteller, Mastercard, PaySafeCard, Bank Wire, AlfaClick, NeoSurf King Billy Customer Service Support King Billy casino takes customer support very seriously. Our reviewers found the regular email and live chat options, along with blogs, FAQs, and guides. Scroll down to the footer of the page to find the FAQ section and browse through categories like payments, accounts, bonuses, and other popular topics. There are also dedicated Casino and Cryptocurrency FAQs in the page's footer for you to have a look through. You also have a blog with articles, guides, and updates on the latest games. Should you still require assistance, our King Billy online casino review team recommends using live chat. This is a 24/7 service, so there is always someone ready to help you. If you prefer, you can email the customer support team or drop them a line via their social media platforms. You can use one of the following three methods to communicate with the operators of the app. King Billy Casino is a reliable gambling operator focused on the global market. The company started operating in 2017. In the beginning, the team received a license from Curacao e-Gaming Regulatory Authorities to offer customers completely safe and comfortable gambling. Today, King Billy Casino is the official site of a reputable gaming operator licensed to operate on the global gambling market. Gambling entertainment is possible both in the mobile version of the casino and thanks to the downloadable application. King Billy Casino offers its customers exclusively original gambling software, which is confirmed by the relevant certificates. The return rate of slot machines is 96%. RTP slots parameters are set by the developers. Thanks to this, users are provided with a comfortable and exciting vacation on popular devices. Online gamblers from Asia, Europe, and other countries of the world decide to play for money or for free on their own. The demo contains almost all casino slots, except for games with real dealers. To switch to paid mode, you need to log in to the King Billy website and replenish your personal account. After that, the client is awarded bonuses, and participation in tournaments and other interesting promotions become available. Among the shortcomings of the casino's official website, it is worth noting the lack of a loyalty program and a modest set of bonus offers. In any case, the King Billy Casino is one you should first try and then decide. If you play responsibly, you could experience this casino firsthand and maybe win something in the process.
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With open season on activism, whistle blowers and descent on any level worldwide, now more than ever it is compelling and crucial to recognise the sentiment of activism – particularly through art or storytelling. I first met Tayo Aluko as I was leaving the venue where I had attended the conference for the Resist movement last October, with the proposal to the movement becoming a political party and Tayo had been one of the acts of the previous Saturday night’s entertainment. He asked if I’d like to join his online presentation of a radio play, he produced and of course I was interested. Turns out the play was staged and produced by him, with actors from America and was of the quality and calibre fit for any BBC radio programme. Later I asked if he would be interested in an interview and so it happened. It wasn’t one of those conversations putting the world to rights – it was more sussing and sounding it out from two slightly different, but similar perspectives. On a sunny May afternoon via Zoom, we talked about everything from his career in architecture, to reverse-racism, and a lot of politics in between. Above all, Paul Robeson and his influence was never far from Tayo’s projected views, as a pivotal figure in his life. D: “Tell me how you went from your architecture into writing/singing/acting?” T: “The singing and acting had been something I had always done as a child in Nigeria. I became an architect and carried on singing and acting as an amateur and happened upon the story of Paul Robeson in 1995 and I was so blown away by that story, I decided someone needed to tell the story. Ten years later, I started writing a play about him with myself acting him as a one-man play. So, 2 years later, I took it to the Edinburgh fringe and Brighton fringe and started getting 1 or 2 performances here and there, while being an architect and property developer which, never happened – I got frustrated and sabotaged. In 2008 I wound up my development company, lost a lot of money – becoming very frustrated and sad about everything. I took the play on the road and to Lagos, at an invitation by the U.S embassy. My father, who was 90, having seen it – finally understood me. Having a conversation outside the next day, he said, ‘if you’re going to do this, you have my blessing’.” “This was October of 2008 – come January and time for me to renew my professional indemnity insurance – I didn’t have the money. So, I said, sod this, I’ll just give it up now and do something I like.” D: “Going back to before you became an architect, when did you actually come to the UK?” T: “I came to the UK in 1978 at the age of 16 and went to a boarding school to get what was then called my A-levels. Three years after that, I started studying architecture at Bath University.” He carries on describing studying at Canterbury College of Art, spending a year in the industry and completing a Masters in London in design in developing countries. He eventually moved to Liverpool in 1989, where he was accepted to complete his final degree – setting up in business in 1993. D: “What is your affinity with Paul Robeson?” T: “Coming across Paul Robeson’s life, made me understand the world a lot better, because this is a man whose father had been born into slavery.” Tayo describes Robeson’s father escaped from slavery in North Carolina, in the mid-19th century. Robeson’s father, having 5 children, taught them pre-slavery African history. T: “This son of a slave, coming from that background, had become one of the most famous people on the planet, in his time. Because of his politics, he had become a target of the American, British and Canadian establishments.” D: “He was very ahead of his time – I don’t know much about him, but he seemed really ahead of his time.” T: ” Very, very much so. In the 1930s, he and others formed the Council on African Affairs – addressing apartheid, which was to campaign for independence of African colonies. This is the 1930s! The apartheid movement we are more familiar with, is in the 70s and 80s.” Tayo emphasises how Robeson could be considered the first true internationalist. Due to his Socialism, campaigning for the rights of African Americans and African independence – this could not be divorced from the struggles of working-class people everywhere or Jews. T: “Because of his awareness of the inequality and exploitation of capitalism, because of the large crowds he drew with his singing and success – he was seen as particularly dangerous. He would make speeches on the concert platform on American hypocrisy, so he got himself into a lot of trouble with the authorities. He was one of the more well-known of the McCarthy witch hunt.” D: “Was he ever thrown in jail?” T: “He was never thrown in jail but was put under house arrest – he wasn’t confined to his home, but there was a time between 1950-58 where his passport was cancelled, and he couldn’t travel.” Tayo cites how Robeson had been ‘watched’ from as early as the 30s, as he had visited the Soviet Union. As the Soviet Union had first been an ally to the U.S against fascist Germany – with the onslaught of the Cold War and the U.S and Soviet Union becoming adversaries, Robeson had been considered a threat, as he didn’t go along with the given narrative. T: “The irony, is before that, he was one of the most popular artists in America – having come out with The Balid for Americans; which was extremely patriotic – talking about how America was made up of so many different people – working people, tailors…” D: “So would you say he’s, not really a role model, but…” T: “Very much a role model, a teacher, a guide – I learned so much about the world through him, that’s no exaggeration and I definitely feel that if his thoughts and beliefs had been adopted the world would be very much more, a peaceful and equal place. But because in every country in the world practically, the powers that be find such people, such people conflict with the powers that be, therefore he was suppressed, misrepresented and misunderstood, deliberately.” D: “He was a threat to people, to the establishment and that kind of brings me to my next question. You’re right to point out in your blog I read this morning , the situation you had with the Facebook group, and facing this wall of silence etc and then next thing you knew you were kicked out and that microcosm of a situation and the more macro situation where whistle blowers and journalists like Julian Assange and Craig Murray are being put in jail for basically revealing the truth – things that the mainstream media, politicians and the government don’t want you to know. This is a very broad question – what do you think could turn the tide, at macro level, because people keep voting in these corrupt, not just politicians but the whole system. I was watching the French elections recently and Macron got in again, I thought he would, and it’s going to be more of the same, more of the same. The left-wing guy barely made the second round. What do you think will break the trend? It’s a hard thing because I know the left has been fragmented, particularly in the last ten years, it’s quite frustrating. What do you think it’s going to take, I mean for everyday people that are facing inequality, the cost-of-living crises, all of it? What do you think it’s actually going to take to turn things on its head?” T: “I think a number of things, the first thing that comes to mind is the removal of the media from the hands of the ruling class, the billionaire class because practically all of the news we get from mainstream, even BBC, but let’s talk about newspapers.” D: “Especially the BBC.” T: “Yeah, but you can’t identify the ownership of the BBC with billionaires, I mean I can’t, but you know the leadership of the BBC, the chairman of the board and so on, are certainly from ruling classes. But if you go to the United States, all the bigger media channels MSNBC, CNN are owned by this small group of people, in whose interest it is to keep the public ignorant. Therefore, one of the big things that is necessary is for A: somehow the public to become aware of it – how they’re being duped and B: for the left-wing media to receive a lot more support. How that happens, I don’t know.” D: “Yeah, the left-wing media is really struggling. Two online magazines have just folded, quite established.” T: “Which ones?” D: “One was called Bitch Media an online feminist magazine out of the US and one was Roar, who I’d heard of, but never seen. I used to read things out of BITCH media. They would actually really provoke me – I didn’t always like their angle but they covered good things. I think they had all the best intentions but that after 25 years has gone.” T: “Another thing I think is necessary for the strangle hold in politics to be loosened where there are often two parties which are, as someone I admire quite a bit, George Galloway, refers to as two cheeks of the same arse.” D: “The Democrats and Republicans, Labour and Conservatives.” T: “And the same in France for instance as we’ve just seen. Somehow the system has been rigged or developed in such a way that this two-party system is what operates and sort of feeds us a diet of reactionism, conservatism. So, in the UK for instance, it is widely acknowledged by people on the left that the Labour party is not fit for purpose and there needs to be a movement outside of parliament that may get a new party to parliament, a new left-wing party or transform Labour into what it’s really meant to be.” D: “We were talking about people being aware they’re being lied to with the way the establishment have a stranglehold on the media, with the internet particularly in the last 20 years, people have realised how much they’re being lied to – how 9/11 was an inside story, I followed that, that was a real eye opener for me on a personal level as an American. That’s why more and more people have realised and why they’re taking to the streets in record numbers. For example, the Stop the War Coalition with the Iraq war – record numbers. So, people do realise they’re being lied to but the government, the media is so strong and left-wing media is very much weak and alternative because they’re not relying on big donors. People are realising they’re being lied to, but people are also going to the polls. For example, on Thursday we have the local elections, my thought is they’re all going to go out and vote Labour, because they’re so used to either or. There was a thing I read this morning that a lot of people will be voting green which is great, but people tend to vote for other parties as a protest vote, not because they are really for that particular party. People know they’re being lied to but parties like the Tories are still in power, they’ve been in power for twelve years.” T: “They know they’re being lied to, but they also have short memories because they forget the lies, they’ve been told within a year or two. They knew for instance; Boris Johnson is a pathological liar and they still voted for him in droves because of the threats that had been whipped up – the fear that had been whipped up by the media against Jeremy Corbyn and Labour. Media manipulation and political manipulation is very very alive and well everywhere. I think when the orange man got elected, I tried to see a positive in that, that things would get so bad people would rise up – it didn’t really happen. Now here in the UK, with the cost-of-living prices and the complete bankruptcy not just of the Tory party or Labour, this will also galvanise some kind of uprising. Except we’ve had uprisings in France for instance, they’ve had those constantly, but look who they’ve re-elected, but at least if we get some uprisings here, hopefully that will increase.” D: “How bad do things really have to get before people say enough’ s enough and take to the streets – where we see a 1926 uprising for example, general strike, a real proper shake up.” T: “That would be nice but I’m not optimistic about it, because of a lack of unity on the left really and a lack of support for trade unions for instance and a lack of political education, but even if uprisings happen without people being that politically aware at least it has a chance of shaking the system which is certainly needed, definitely.” D: “After George Floyd got killed and several others, in the States, which kicked started Black Lives Matter and that rippled throughout the world and the UK as well as the legacy of slavery and rightfully so; and how people of colour have been treated for decades and decades/hundreds of years, which I fully support and have marched in favour etc. I was so chuffed when the Colson statue got torn down in Bristol, but do you think BLM has possibly drowned out the plight of other protected characteristics? For example, LGBT, people with additional needs, because that’s like a bandwagon. You had the day everyone put black squares on social media then a lot of people took it down from their profile, everyone jumping on the bandwagon so to speak. So, what are your thoughts on that?” T: “I have heard that argument before, very recently and this was a South Asian person saying that BLM has drowned out other oppressed groups shall we say and I can understand that argument with regard to LGBT and whatever, but I think the lesson we have to keep reminding ourselves of, is there isn’t a single oppressed minority or majority that can win its battles without being in solidarity with all other oppressed groups. That’s why and how the civil rights movements in the United States for instance was successful because it involved people of all races and that’s why apartheid in South Africa was eventually overcome, because people of all races inside and especially outside of South Africa stood in solidarity with the black South Africans. So yes, the BLM movement was probably, I gather, has been hijacked by corporate entities and some of the leaders of the BLM movement are now multimillionaires somehow or the other. But then there’s always another way of looking at it. I come from Nigeria and in Oct 2020 there was a big uprising to end SARS movement. The army ordered to fire on the protestors and several people got killed. Now, that’s state brutality – black people being killed by their black state operators, so the point is you cannot look at it just in terms of race, it’s about who has power and who abuses power.” D: “I had a conversation with a guy of colour once, he was a performer I watched in Exeter, and I spoke to him after. I said, ‘what do you think, as a journalist who has written quite extensively on people with additional needs – having our human rights taken and being treated as a bit of an underclass, so I often call it the other racism.’ He got my argument but said don’t call it ‘the other racism’ because I compared it to what people of colour go through. I can’t remember why he said not to call it that.” T: “I don’t feel it is my place to tell people what to call things they feel apply to them. So, if you want to call it the other racism, if it helps you and whoever to understand it then by all means go ahead, I can’t object to that.” D: “BLM movement: I read a lot of stuff, mainstream and otherwise – even in indie media, it’s always, ‘let’s talk about whiteness’ lets ‘talk about the fragility of whiteness.’ so, it seems to be this reverse reactionary/reverse racism if you like, what are your comments on that? It’s as if people are trying to personify being white as opposed to people that are oppressed. Bitch Media came out about this a lot, a lot about black artists, and that’s all well and great, they would say, well let’s talk about whiteness. I just thought, am I supposed to be offended? – I felt offended.” T: “I think the knowledge of the history of oppression of Europeans, European people of the rest of the world is necessary but not sufficiently understood. And for the same reasons as I was arguing earlier it is quite easy to look at all white people and see them as oppressors – forgetting the fact white people are always exploited by other white people, white working-class people, white disabled people, white women are generally victims of the same system, of capitalist exploitation.” D: “Exactly! That’s what I thought – it’s a very ignorant way to point out the issue of racism and how people of colour are treated, to talk about whiteness as if you’re a bad person, you miss the point, or don’t understand the argument if they’re white. Like saying all white people are middle class and privileged. I thought it was ignorant coming from a so-called progressive magazine.” T: “There is a privilege I as a man have just by being a man. In any situation, just because that’s where society is, but at least I try to acknowledge and understand that and you cannot get away from the fact that if you see a white person or a black person, even if the black person is upper middle class and the white person is working class and has a hidden disability for instance, in many people’s eyes they may assume the opposite, just because of the way we’ve been conditioned to look at the world. So, there is an existing privilege of whiteness. But the question is whether you understand it or whether you use it in a way to equalise society.” D: “Lastly, with your singing and acting how are you intending to communicate through that, as you were obviously quite moved by the story of Paul Robeson.” T: “My second play is about Britain’s first black judge who was also a singer, he was not a political person, and I gave him the thought process that he doesn’t want to get involved with politics, he’s just an ordinary lawyer, which is the title of the play. Even though the judge is not political it is a very progressive Socialist story. What I plan to do is try to find historical stories and tell them in a way that basically helps people of all backgrounds to understand the world better and understand why protest and activism are necessary, have always been necessary and always will remain necessary – even more so now than ever. But with so little avenues for correct political education available through the current media and education system at least art is one way of joining that fight – that’s my contribution.” What a right on statement and end to such an enlightening conversation! Certainly, on the last few points, Tayo at the very least, put into context what I was trying to conceptualise in a messy, awkward, bumbling way, which didn’t do me any favours as a journalist, so apologies to such a patient interviewee and contributor. That said, I’m not above humility and always appreciate the wisdom or insight of others. At the end of the day, it’s easy enough to just lap up what you’re handed, go with the flow and keep shopping for crap you don’t need on Saturday morning. Not to mention, model your life to the tune of convenience – learning to drive despite climate change or congestion, but making a stand for truth against a tied of corporate lies or interests; to put one’s self on the line for the masses, for justice, fairness or equality as Paul Robeson, Martin Luther King Jr., Jeremy Corbyn, Julian Assange, Chelsea Manning, Reality Winner and countless others have – whether through politics, art or journalism, we have simply got to keep applauding activism, keep up the momentum and fight, because if we get lazy, tired or demoralised – especially by those with few morals, our lives and minds are no longer our own.
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Imagine effortlessly keeping all your essentials within arm’s reach while riding your bike. Our new line of convenient bike handlebar bags is here to make your cycling adventures easier than ever. Designed with quick access in mind, these bags are perfect for storing your phone, wallet, keys, snacks, and anything else you may need while on the go. With their sleek and compact design, these handlebar bags are not only functional but also stylish. So say goodbye to rummaging through your pockets or backpack and say hello to convenience with our convenient bike handlebar bags. Table of Contents Benefits of Using a Handlebar Bag Easy Access to Essentials A handlebar bag offers the convenience of quick access to your essential items while cycling. Whether it’s your phone, wallet, keys, snacks, or a water bottle, having these items within reach can save you time and hassle. Instead of rummaging through a backpack or pannier, you can simply reach over and grab what you need from your handlebar bag. With easy accessibility, you can keep your focus on the road ahead. Improved Weight Distribution Carrying a backpack or using a rear pannier can sometimes lead to an imbalance in weight distribution on your bike. This imbalance can affect your stability and control, making your ride less comfortable and potentially compromising your safety. By using a handlebar bag, you can evenly distribute the weight across the front of your bike, contributing to a more balanced and enjoyable riding experience. Reduced Back and Shoulder Strain Carrying a heavy backpack while cycling can lead to back and shoulder strain, especially during longer rides. With a handlebar bag, you can alleviate the burden on your back and shoulders by transferring the weight to your bike’s handlebars. This relief can make your ride more comfortable and reduce the risk of long-term muscle strain or injury. Enhanced Bike Handling A handlebar bag’s close proximity to the handlebars allows for better bike handling and maneuverability. By keeping your essentials within arm’s reach and maintaining a centered weight distribution, you can easily navigate through tight spaces, make quick turns, and maintain better control of your bike. This enhanced handling can make a significant difference during rides that require agility and responsiveness. Versatile Storage Solution Handlebar bags come in various shapes, sizes, and designs, offering versatile storage solutions for cyclists with different needs. Whether you’re a commuter carrying daily essentials, a long-distance bikepacker storing clothing and gear, or a weekend rider looking to bring snacks and a camera, there is a handlebar bag to suit your specific requirements. The versatility of handlebar bags makes them an ideal accessory for any type of cyclist. Factors to Consider When Choosing a Handlebar Bag Before purchasing a handlebar bag, it’s essential to consider your bike’s compatibility. Different handlebar types and sizes may require specific mounting systems or adapters. Ensure that the handlebar bag you choose is compatible with your bike to ensure a secure and stable attachment. Handlebar bags come in various sizes, ranging from compact pouches to large panniers. Consider your storage needs and the type of items you’ll be carrying. If you frequently go on long rides, a larger capacity bag may be more suitable to accommodate extra layers, tools, and supplies. For shorter rides or commuting, a smaller bag may suffice for your essentials. The attachment system of a handlebar bag is crucial for stability and security. Look for bags that have secure mounting options, such as straps, quick-release mounts, or clamp systems. Consider the ease of mounting and dismounting the bag, as well as the firmness of attachment to ensure it stays in place during your rides. Stability and Security A handlebar bag should be stable to prevent unwanted movement or swaying while riding. Look for bags that have additional stabilization features like adjustable straps or anti-sway mechanisms. It is also important to consider the bag’s security features, such as locks or durable zippers, to protect your valuable items from theft or accidental openings. Durability and Weather Resistance When choosing a handlebar bag, opt for materials that are durable and weather-resistant. Your bag will be exposed to elements like rain, dust, and UV rays, so it needs to withstand prolonged use and protect your belongings. Look for bags made from waterproof or water-resistant materials, reinforced seams, and reliable closures to ensure maximum durability and protection. Consider the organizational features of a handlebar bag to meet your specific needs. Look for bags with multiple compartments, dividers, or interior pockets to keep your items organized and easily accessible. Some handlebar bags also offer attachment points for accessories like lights or bike computers, adding extra functionality and convenience. Consider your budget when evaluating handlebar bags. Determine the maximum amount you’re willing to spend and prioritize the features that are most important to you. There are handlebar bags available at various price points, ranging from budget-friendly options to high-end models. Assess the value for money each bag offers based on its features, durability, and overall quality. Different Types of Handlebar Bags Handlebar panniers are larger handlebar bags that resemble small front panniers. They provide ample storage capacity for long-distance touring or bikepacking adventures. These bags usually consist of multiple compartments and attachment systems to accommodate various items like clothing, gear, and food. Handlebar baskets are lightweight and open-top bags that attach directly to the handlebars. They are an excellent option for casual riders or urban commuters looking for a convenient storage solution for smaller items like groceries or a purse. Handlebar baskets provide easy access and are often removable for off-bike use. Handlebar Roll Bags Handlebar roll bags, also known as bikepacking handlebar rolls, are cylindrical bags that attach to the handlebars using straps or quick-release mechanisms. They are popular among bikepackers and adventure cyclists due to their large storage capacity and versatility. Handlebar roll bags can hold camping gear, clothing, and other essentials securely in a compact roll. Handlebar pouches are small, compact bags that attach to the handlebars and offer minimal storage space. They are great for carrying essential items like a phone, wallet, or keys during shorter rides or for easy access to snacks and energy bars. Handlebar pouches are lightweight and often feature clear windows for touchscreen device compatibility. Features to Look for in a Handlebar Bag Waterproof or Water-Resistant One of the essential features to consider in a handlebar bag is its waterproof or water-resistant qualities. You want your bag to protect your belongings from unexpected showers or splashes on the road. Look for bags made from waterproof materials or those that come with rain covers to ensure your items stay dry during wet rides. Easy Mounting and Dismounting Choose a handlebar bag that offers easy mounting and dismounting options. Look for bags with secure attachment systems, such as adjustable straps or quick-release mounts, to make the installation and removal process hassle-free. Easy mounting and dismounting allow you to quickly detach the bag for off-bike use or when parking your bike. Having an adjustable handlebar bag allows you to customize its position and fit according to your preference. Look for bags that offer adjustable straps or attachment points to ensure a secure and stable fit on your handlebars. Adjustable bags can cater to different bike setups and handlebar widths, providing a versatile and comfortable riding experience. Visibility is crucial for safe cycling, especially during low-light conditions or nighttime rides. Opt for handlebar bags that have reflective elements, such as strips or logos, to enhance your visibility to motorists and other cyclists. Reflective features on the bag can significantly improve your safety on the road. Multiple Compartments and Pockets Consider the organizational features of a handlebar bag, such as multiple compartments and pockets. These additional storage options help keep your items organized and easily accessible. With designated spaces for different essentials, you can efficiently locate and retrieve specific items without rummaging through the whole bag. Clear and Touchscreen-Compatible Device Window For cyclists who rely on their smartphones or GPS devices for navigation, a handlebar bag with a clear and touchscreen-compatible window is invaluable. This feature allows you to secure your device while still being able to view and operate it without removing it from the bag. It ensures easy access to navigation or other apps during your rides. Choose a handlebar bag that is constructed with durable materials and stitching. The bag should be able to withstand the rigors of daily use, varying weather conditions, and occasional bumps or falls. Look for reinforced seams, sturdy zippers, and durable fabrics to ensure your handlebar bag will last for many rides to come. Detachable Shoulder Strap A handlebar bag with a detachable shoulder strap offers versatility and convenience. This feature allows you to easily convert the bag into a shoulder or crossbody bag when off the bike. A detachable shoulder strap makes it convenient for carrying your belongings during short stops or while navigating through crowded areas. Some handlebar bags come with hidden compartments or pockets that provide additional storage options for smaller, valuable items like cash, credit cards, or keys. These hidden compartments offer extra security and keep your important items safe and discreet while you’re on the go. Consider handlebar bags that offer additional accessories or attachment points. Some bags may come with integrated or removable handlebar pouches, bottle holders, or attachment systems for lights or bike computers. These accessories can add functionality and enhance your overall cycling experience. Water-Resistant and Weatherproof Materials Importance of Water-Resistant Handlebar Bags Water-resistance is a crucial factor when selecting a handlebar bag, especially for outdoor enthusiasts and long-distance cyclists who encounter various weather conditions. A water-resistant handlebar bag can protect your belongings from rain, splashes, and water spray, ensuring they remain dry and in good condition. Materials Used for Water Resistance Handlebar bags often utilize materials like nylon, polyester, or coated fabrics to enhance their water resistance. These materials are lightweight yet durable, making them suitable for outdoor use. Some bags may have additional waterproof treatments or laminations to provide a higher level of protection against moisture. Benefits of Weatherproof Handlebar Bags Weatherproof handlebar bags go beyond water resistance to offer additional protection against elements like dust, dirt, UV rays, and extreme temperature changes. These bags are designed to withstand harsh weather conditions, making them ideal for cyclists who frequently ride in challenging environments or on long-distance touring trips. Popular Water-Resistant and Weatherproof Materials Commonly used water-resistant and weatherproof materials for handlebar bags include: - PVC-coated nylon: Offers excellent waterproofing properties and durability while being lightweight. - TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane): Provides high water resistance, durability, and flexibility. - Cordura: Known for its abrasion resistance and water repellency, making it suitable for rugged outdoor use. - Laminated fabrics: Combine different layers or laminations to create a strong barrier against water, dirt, and UV rays. Choosing a handlebar bag made from these materials ensures that your belongings stay protected even in challenging weather conditions, giving you peace of mind during your rides. Size and Capacity Determining the Right Size of Handlebar Bag When choosing a handlebar bag, it’s important to consider its size in relation to your storage needs and bike setup. A bag that is too small may not fit all your essentials, while a bag that is too large can interfere with your riding comfort or bike handling. Consider the specific items you will be carrying and choose a size that can accommodate them without being excessively bulky. Factors Affecting Bag Capacity Several factors can affect the capacity of a handlebar bag: - Shape and design: Different bag designs offer varying storage capacities. A compact pouch may only fit essential items, while a pannier-style bag can hold clothing, gear, and supplies. - Attachment mechanism: Some attachment systems may limit the bag’s capacity due to space constraints or stability concerns. Ensure that the attachment mechanism does not hinder the bag’s ability to hold your desired items securely. - Handlebar space: The available space on your handlebars can also determine the bag’s capacity. Consider the width of your handlebars, brake levers, and other accessories when choosing a bag size that fits comfortably. Considerations for Different Types of Rides Different types of rides may require varying storage capacities. If you’re embarking on a long-distance tour or bikepacking adventure, you may need a larger bag to carry additional clothing, camping gear, or food supplies. For shorter rides or commuting, a smaller bag may be sufficient to carry essential items like a phone, wallet, and keys. Consider your specific ride requirements when determining the size and capacity of your handlebar bag. Balancing Weight and Aerodynamics While it’s essential to have enough storage capacity for your items, it’s also important to consider the weight and aerodynamic impact of a handlebar bag. Excessive weight on the handlebars can affect your bike’s balance and stability, potentially leading to diminished control or discomfort. Additionally, a bulky or poorly shaped bag can create drag and hinder your aerodynamic efficiency. Find a balance between storage capacity and weight/aerodynamics to ensure a comfortable and efficient ride. Handlebar bags that use straps for attachment offer simplicity and versatility. These straps can be adjusted to fit various handlebar sizes and shapes, allowing the bag to securely mount to different bikes. Handlebar straps are often adjustable and provide a tight grip to ensure stability during rides. This attachment mechanism is convenient for quick mounting and dismounting. Quick-release mounts offer a user-friendly attachment system that allows for easy installation and removal of the handlebar bag. With a quick-release mount, you can quickly attach or detach the bag without the need for additional tools. This system ensures a secure and stable fit while providing the convenience of rapid setup and disassembly. Clamp systems provide a secure attachment mechanism for handlebar bags. These systems use clamps or brackets that are specifically designed to fit certain handlebar types or sizes. Clamp systems offer a stable and reliable attachment, ensuring that the bag remains in place even during rough rides or off-road adventures. It’s important to ensure compatibility between the clamp system and your bike’s handlebars before purchasing. Compatibility with Different Handlebar Types Consider the compatibility of the handlebar bag attachment mechanism with your specific handlebar type. Different handlebar shapes (e.g., drop bars, flat bars, or cruiser bars) may require specific mounting systems or adapters. Ensure that the attachment mechanism of the handlebar bag you choose is compatible with your handlebar type to ensure a secure and stable fit. Organization and Accessibility Interior and Exterior Pockets A handlebar bag with both interior and exterior pockets offers versatile storage options for your items. Interior pockets can be used to separate and organize smaller essentials like keys, cards, or a phone. Exterior pockets provide easy access to frequently used items like snacks or a map. The combination of interior and exterior pockets allows for efficient organization and quick retrieval of your belongings. Dividers and Compartments Handlebar bags with dividers and compartments make it easier to separate and categorize your items, ensuring that everything has its place. Dividers help prevent your items from shifting during rides, reducing the risk of damage or disorganization. Compartments can be particularly helpful for separating clean and dirty clothing, electronics and chargers, or food and utensils. Attachment Points for Accessories Look for handlebar bags that offer attachment points for additional accessories like lights, bike computers, or GPS devices. These attachment points allow you to conveniently mount these items directly on the handlebar bag, reducing clutter on your handlebars and creating a streamlined setup. Accessories mounted on the handlebar bag can also provide better visibility and access. Easy Access to Essential Items Consider how easily you can access your essential items when selecting a handlebar bag. Bags with large openings, wide zippers, or quick-release buckles allow for effortless access to your belongings while on the go. An easily accessible bag is particularly important for items you may need to reach quickly, such as snacks, a phone, or a camera. Efficient Organization Systems Some handlebar bags offer specialized organization systems, such as mesh compartments or elastic straps, to help keep your items secure and sorted. These efficient organization systems ensure that your belongings don’t shift or become jumbled during rides, allowing you to maintain order and avoid damage to delicate items. Visibility and Safety Features Visibility is crucial for safe cycling, especially in low-light conditions or at night. Look for handlebar bags that feature reflective elements, such as strips or logos, to enhance your visibility to motorists and other cyclists. Reflective features on the bag greatly improve your safety on the road by making you more visible from various angles. Built-in Lights or Light Attachment Points Some handlebar bags come with built-in lights or attachment points for lights. These features can significantly enhance your visibility, especially during nighttime rides or in areas with limited street lighting. Built-in lights or light attachment points allow you to install additional lighting for improved safety and visibility. Handlebar bags are available in various colors, including high-visibility options like neon or bright hues. Choosing a handlebar bag in a high-visibility color increases your visibility on the road, making you more noticeable to drivers and other cyclists. High-visibility colors can greatly contribute to your overall safety, especially in low-light or adverse weather conditions. Reflective Rain Covers In addition to reflective features, some handlebar bags come with reflective rain covers. These covers not only provide protection against rain but also enhance your visibility through the reflective properties. The rain covers ensure that your bag and its contents stay dry while simultaneously increasing your visibility, promoting safe cycling in inclement weather. Safety Attachment Points Consider handlebar bags that offer safety attachment points for additional safety accessories like bells or horns. These attachment points allow you to securely mount safety devices directly on your handlebar bag, ensuring easy access while riding. Safety attachment points can also minimize clutter on your handlebars, providing a clean and organized setup. Price Range and Value for Money Determining Your Budget When considering handlebar bags, it’s important to determine your budget and how much you are willing to spend. Handlebar bags come in a wide price range, depending on factors such as brand, size, materials, features, and overall quality. Consider your requirements and prioritize the features that are most important to you before making a purchasing decision. Affordable Options without Sacrificing Quality There are handlebar bags available at affordable price points that do not sacrifice quality or functionality. Research different brands and models to find options that fit within your budget while still offering the necessary features and durability. Reading reviews and seeking recommendations can help you find affordable handlebar bags that provide excellent value for money. Considerations for High-End Handlebar Bags For cyclists who prioritize specific features or require high-performance options, investing in a high-end handlebar bag may be worthwhile. High-end bags often come with advanced materials, additional features, and enhanced durability. Consider your specific needs and the value you place on these premium features when deciding if a high-end handlebar bag is the right choice for you. Value for Money When assessing the value for money of a handlebar bag, consider the overall quality, durability, and functionality it offers in relation to its price. A handlebar bag that meets your needs, performs well, and lasts a long time proves to be a valuable investment. Balancing the features, durability, and price will help ensure that you get the best value for your money. In conclusion, convenient bike handlebar bags provide easy access to essential items, improved weight distribution, reduced back and shoulder strain, enhanced bike handling, and versatile storage solutions. When choosing a handlebar bag, factors to consider include bike compatibility, storage capacity, attachment systems for stability and security, durability and weather resistance, organizational features, and budget. Handlebar bags come in different types, including handlebar panniers, handlebar baskets, handlebar roll bags, and handlebar pouches, each catering to specific needs. Features to look for in a handlebar bag include waterproof or water-resistant materials, easy mounting and dismounting, adjustability, reflective elements, multiple compartments and pockets, clear and touchscreen-compatible device windows, sturdy construction, detachable shoulder straps, hidden compartments, and additional accessories. Water-resistant and weatherproof materials, such as PVC-coated nylon, TPU, Cordura, and laminated fabrics, ensure the protection of your belongings. The size and capacity of the bag should accommodate your storage needs while considering weight distribution and aerodynamics. Attachment mechanisms like handlebar straps, quick-release mounts, clamp systems, and compatibility with different handlebar types ensure a secure fit. Organizational features like interior and exterior pockets, dividers and compartments, attachment points for accessories, easy access to essential items, and efficient organization systems contribute to the bag’s practicality. Visibility and safety features, such as reflective elements, built-in lights or light attachment points, high-visibility colors, reflective rain covers, and safety attachment points, enhance your visibility and promote safe cycling. Lastly, determining your budget, considering affordable options without sacrificing quality, understanding considerations for high-end bags, and assessing the value for money will help you find the perfect handlebar bag for your cycling needs.
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The Rise of Instagram Introduction to Instagram In today’s digital age, Instagram has become one of the most popular social media platforms, allowing users to connect, share, and discover content through visual storytelling. With its user-friendly interface and emphasis on visual content, Instagram has captured the attention of millions around the world. Launched in 2010, Instagram quickly gained momentum and has since evolved into a platform with over one billion monthly active users. Its rapid growth can be attributed to its simplicity, focus on visual content, and the ability to easily share and engage with others. Whether it’s posting photos, videos, or sharing stories, Instagram provides a platform for self-expression, creativity, and social connection. Why Instagram is Popular Among Teenagers Among the diverse user base of Instagram, teenagers have emerged as one of the most active and engaged demographics on the platform. There are several reasons why Instagram has gained immense popularity among teenagers: Visual Appeal: Instagram’s emphasis on visual content makes it an ideal platform for teenagers to express themselves creatively. From sharing photos of their daily lives to showcasing their talents and hobbies, Instagram allows teenagers to curate their own digital identity through images and videos. Connectivity: Instagram provides a space for teenagers to connect with their peers, friends, and even celebrities. With features like direct messaging, commenting, and tagging, teenagers can engage in conversations, share experiences, and form meaningful connections with others. Self-Expression: Instagram offers a platform for teenagers to express their individuality and unique perspectives. Through various creative tools and filters, they can enhance their photos and videos, allowing them to tell their stories in a visually appealing and captivating way. Discoverability: Instagram’s Explore feature enables teenagers to discover new content, accounts, and trends that align with their interests. This opens up opportunities for inspiration, learning, and staying up-to-date with the latest trends and topics. Community Engagement: Instagram’s interactive nature encourages teenagers to actively engage with others through likes, comments, and sharing. This fosters a sense of community and validation, as they receive feedback and support from their peers. By understanding the rise of Instagram and why it has become popular among teenagers, we can delve further into the various aspects of the platform, such as creating an engaging profile, navigating the feed, utilizing Instagram stories, building a presence, and ensuring safety. Stay tuned as we explore these topics in more detail in the upcoming sections. Creating an Instagram Profile To get started on Instagram, setting up your account is the first step towards building your online presence. Creating an engaging and appealing profile is essential for attracting followers and making a positive impression. In this section, we will explore the process of setting up your account, choosing a username and profile picture, as well as writing an engaging bio. Setting Up Your Account To create an Instagram account, you can download the app from your device’s app store or visit the Instagram website. Once downloaded, follow the prompts to sign up using your email address or phone number. You’ll be asked to create a username and password, so choose something unique and memorable. Keep in mind that your username will be how others identify you on the platform, so make sure it aligns with your interests or personal brand. Choosing a Username and Profile Picture Your username is an important aspect of your Instagram profile as it represents your identity on the platform. Consider choosing a username that reflects your personality, interests, or brand. It should be easy to remember and reflect the image you want to portray. Avoid using usernames that are already in use or may be easily confused with others. When it comes to your profile picture, select an image that represents you or your brand effectively. It could be a clear photo of yourself or a logo if you’re promoting a business or organization. Make sure the image is clear, well-lit, and visually appealing. This will be the first impression people have of you, so choose a picture that conveys the message you want to send. Writing an Engaging Bio Your Instagram bio is a brief description that appears below your username and profile picture. Use this space to showcase your personality, interests, or the purpose of your account. Keep it concise and engaging, as you have a limited character count. Consider including relevant keywords or hashtags that align with your content to help users discover your profile. Here are a few tips for writing an engaging bio: - Be authentic: Share something unique about yourself or your brand. This helps create a connection with your audience. - Include a call to action: Encourage users to follow, visit your website, or check out specific content. This can help drive engagement and interaction. - Use emojis: Emojis can add personality and make your bio visually appealing. However, use them sparingly and ensure they enhance your message. - Highlight achievements or interests: If you have any notable accomplishments or interests that align with your account, mention them in your bio. This can help attract like-minded individuals. Remember, your Instagram profile is an opportunity to showcase who you are and what you’re passionate about. Make sure it accurately represents your personality or brand and sets the tone for the content you will be sharing. For more tips on enhancing your Instagram presence, check out our article on Instagram followers. Navigating the Instagram Feed When using Instagram, it’s important to understand how to navigate and interact with the content in your Instagram feed. The feed is where you will see the photos and videos shared by the accounts you follow. Let’s explore how to make the most of your Instagram feed by exploring the home feed, interacting with posts, and discovering new content. Exploring the Home Feed The home feed is the main screen you see when you open the Instagram app. It displays a continuous stream of posts from the accounts you follow. Scroll through your feed to see the latest updates from your friends, favorite influencers, and brands. The most recent posts will appear at the top of your feed. To make your Instagram feed more personalized, the algorithm takes into account your interactions and engagement with posts. It will show you content it thinks you’ll be interested in based on your previous activity. This means that the more you engage with posts, the more tailored your feed will become. Interacting with Posts Instagram allows you to interact with posts in various ways. When you come across a post that catches your attention, you can double-tap it to “like” it or tap the heart-shaped icon below the post. Liking a post is a way to show appreciation for the content and let the creator know you enjoyed it. In addition to liking posts, you can also leave comments to engage with the content and start conversations. Comments can be a way to express your thoughts, ask questions, or simply interact with the community. Remember to keep your comments respectful and positive. If you want to share a post with your followers, you can use the share button (paper plane icon) to send it as a direct message or add it to your Instagram story. Sharing posts is a great way to spread the word about content you find interesting or inspiring. Discovering New Content Instagram offers several features to help you discover new content and explore beyond your home feed. One way to do this is by utilizing the Explore page, which can be accessed by tapping the magnifying glass icon at the bottom of the screen. The Explore page shows you a curated selection of posts and accounts that align with your interests and the content you engage with. You can browse through various categories, such as fashion, food, or travel, to discover new accounts and explore content outside of your usual circle. Another way to discover new content is by following hashtags that are relevant to your interests. By following a hashtag, you’ll see top posts and stories that include that hashtag in your feed. This allows you to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and discover accounts that share content related to your passions. Navigating your Instagram feed is an integral part of the Instagram experience. By exploring the home feed, interacting with posts, and discovering new content, you can stay connected with the accounts you follow and find inspiration in the vast Instagram community. Remember to engage thoughtfully and explore beyond your comfort zone to make the most of your Instagram journey. Instagram Stories and Highlights Instagram Stories and Highlights are powerful features that allow you to share moments and engage with your followers in a more dynamic and interactive way. Understanding Instagram Stories Instagram Stories are temporary posts that disappear after 24 hours. These stories can include photos, videos, text, and interactive stickers. They appear at the top of your followers’ feeds, encouraging them to tap and view your content. With Instagram Stories, you can showcase your daily life, behind-the-scenes moments, and share spontaneous updates. This feature provides a more authentic and real-time connection with your audience. You can also enhance your stories with various interactive stickers, such as polls, questions, and quizzes, to encourage engagement and interaction. Creating Engaging Stories To create engaging Instagram Stories, consider the following tips: Be creative: Use filters, stickers, and text to add personality and flair to your stories. Experiment with different formats and layouts to keep your content fresh and engaging. Tell a story: Plan your stories in a way that they flow cohesively and tell a narrative. This can help captivate your audience and keep them interested in your content. Use multimedia: Incorporate a mix of photos, videos, and boomerangs to add variety and visual interest to your stories. Add captions and hashtags: Use captions to provide context to your stories and make them more accessible. You can also include relevant hashtags to reach a wider audience and increase the discoverability of your content. Check out our article on instagram captions and instagram hashtags for more tips. Engage with your audience: Encourage your followers to interact with your stories by using interactive stickers, such as polls or questions. Respond to their messages and comments to foster a sense of community and connection. Instagram Highlights are collections of your past stories that you choose to showcase on your profile permanently. These highlights appear directly below your bio and are a great way to showcase your best and most important content. Highlights allow you to curate and organize your stories into different categories or themes. For example, you can create highlights for travel, food, fitness, or any other topic that resonates with your interests or personal brand. This helps your followers easily access and revisit your most valuable content. To utilize highlights effectively, consider the following: Choose engaging cover images: Select visually appealing cover images for each highlight to attract attention and entice viewers to tap and explore your content. Keep your highlights organized: Arrange your highlights in a logical and intuitive order. This makes it easier for your followers to navigate and find the content they are most interested in. Refresh your highlights: Regularly update and refresh your highlights to keep your profile dynamic and to showcase your latest and most relevant stories. Instagram Stories and Highlights provide a fantastic opportunity to connect with your audience on a deeper level, share your daily experiences, and express your creativity. By embracing these features, you can enhance your Instagram presence and build a more engaging and interactive community of followers. Building Your Instagram Presence To make the most of your Instagram experience, it’s essential to build a strong presence on the platform. This involves engaging with your followers and other users, using effective captions and hashtags, and growing your following. Captions and Hashtags Captions play a crucial role in making your posts more engaging and relatable. A well-crafted caption can capture the attention of your followers and encourage them to interact with your content. It’s an opportunity to express your personality, share your thoughts, or provide context to your photo or video. When writing captions, consider using hashtags to increase the discoverability of your posts. Hashtags act as keywords that categorize your content and make it searchable by other users. Use relevant and popular hashtags that align with the theme of your post to reach a wider audience. You can include hashtags related to the content, location, or even trending topics. However, avoid using too many hashtags as it can make your caption look cluttered. Aim for a balanced mix of popular and niche hashtags to maximize your post’s visibility. For more information on using hashtags effectively, check out our article on instagram hashtags. Engaging with Followers and Other Users Engagement is key to building a thriving Instagram presence. Take the time to respond to comments on your posts, answer questions, and thank your followers for their support. This interaction not only strengthens your relationship with your existing followers but also encourages others to engage with your content. Beyond engaging with your own followers, explore the wider Instagram community by engaging with other users’ posts. Like and comment on content that resonates with you, and consider following accounts that align with your interests. By engaging with other users, you increase the chances of them reciprocating and engaging with your content in return. Growing Your Following While engagement is crucial, growing your following can expand your reach and increase your influence on Instagram. Here are a few strategies to help you grow your Instagram following: Consistent Posting: Regularly share high-quality content to keep your followers engaged and attract new ones. Develop a content strategy and stick to a consistent posting schedule. Collaborations: Collaborate with other Instagram users, such as influencers or creators in your niche, to tap into their audience and gain exposure to new followers. Cross-Promotion: Leverage your presence on other social media platforms, such as Facebook or Twitter, to promote your Instagram account and encourage your existing followers to connect with you on Instagram. Explore Instagram Features: Take advantage of features like Instagram Stories and Reels to showcase your creativity and attract new followers. These features provide opportunities to engage with your audience in a more dynamic and interactive way. Remember, growing your following organically takes time and effort. Avoid resorting to tactics like buying fake followers, as it can harm your credibility and engagement rates. Focus on creating valuable content, engaging with your audience, and staying true to your authentic self. For more insights on building your Instagram presence, check out our article on instagram influencers. By using compelling captions, leveraging hashtags, engaging with your audience, and implementing effective growth strategies, you can build a strong Instagram presence that resonates with your target audience and helps you connect with like-minded individuals. Instagram as a Tool for Self-Expression Instagram offers a unique platform for self-expression, allowing users to showcase their interests, hobbies, and personal style. With a range of creative features and a vast community to connect with, Instagram empowers individuals to express themselves in various ways. Showcasing Your Interests and Hobbies One of the most exciting aspects of Instagram is the ability to showcase your interests and hobbies to the world. Whether you’re passionate about photography, fashion, cooking, or any other pursuit, Instagram provides a space to share your creations and connect with like-minded individuals. Through carefully curated posts, you can share images, videos, or stories that reflect your hobbies and interests. For example, if you love photography, you can share your best shots and experiment with different editing styles. If you’re a food enthusiast, you can showcase your culinary creations and share recipes with your followers. By sharing your hobbies and interests on Instagram, you can connect with others who share the same passions. This creates an opportunity to engage in meaningful conversations, exchange tips and ideas, and build a supportive community. Remember to use relevant hashtags to reach a wider audience and discover other users with similar interests. Check out our article on Instagram hashtags for tips on using them effectively. Expressing Yourself Through Creative Content Instagram provides a vast array of creative tools and features to help you express yourself through visual content. From photo filters to video editing options, you can unleash your creativity and bring your ideas to life. Experiment with different styles, themes, and compositions to find your unique visual voice. Whether you prefer a minimalist aesthetic or a vibrant, colorful palette, Instagram allows you to tailor your feed to reflect your personal style. Remember to explore the various features available, such as Instagram Stories and Instagram Reels, to add depth and variety to your content. Engage with your followers by asking for their opinions, inviting them to participate in challenges or contests, or simply sharing personal anecdotes and stories. This helps to foster a sense of authenticity and connection with your audience. Don’t be afraid to let your personality shine through your captions and engage in conversations with your followers. If you’re looking for inspiration, check out our article on Instagram captions. Building a Personal Brand For those looking to take their self-expression to the next level, Instagram provides an opportunity to build a personal brand. By consistently sharing content in your niche and engaging with your audience, you can establish yourself as an authority or influencer in your area of interest. Building a personal brand on Instagram requires a strategic approach. Define your target audience, curate your content to align with their interests, and provide value through your posts. Collaborate with other users, participate in industry-related events or discussions, and leverage the power of Instagram influencers to expand your reach. Remember, building a personal brand takes time and effort. Stay true to yourself, be consistent, and focus on providing quality content that resonates with your audience. By building a strong personal brand on Instagram, you can open doors to exciting opportunities such as collaborations, partnerships, and even monetization. Instagram offers a world of possibilities for self-expression. Whether you’re sharing your interests and hobbies, expressing yourself through creative content, or building a personal brand, Instagram allows you to connect with others and make your mark. Embrace the power of Instagram as a tool for self-expression and let your voice be heard. Staying Safe on Instagram While Instagram can be a fun and engaging platform, it’s important to prioritize your safety and well-being while using it. Here are some key considerations to help you stay safe on Instagram: Privacy Settings and Account Security Protecting your privacy on Instagram is essential. Take advantage of the platform’s privacy settings to control who can see your posts, follow you, and interact with your content. Adjusting your account settings can help ensure that only trusted individuals have access to your photos and personal information. Additionally, make sure to use a strong and unique password for your Instagram account. This will help prevent unauthorized access to your profile. Enabling two-factor authentication is another effective way to enhance the security of your account. It adds an extra layer of protection by requiring a verification code in addition to your password. For more information on keeping your Instagram account secure, check out our article on Instagram account security. Dealing with Cyberbullying Unfortunately, cyberbullying is a serious issue that can occur on any social media platform, including Instagram. If you experience cyberbullying or witness it happening to someone else, it’s important to take action. Report the offensive content or abusive users to Instagram through the platform’s reporting features. You can also block and unfollow accounts to minimize further interactions. Remember to reach out to a trusted adult, such as a parent, guardian, or teacher, for support and guidance if you’re being cyberbullied. They can help you navigate the situation and provide the necessary assistance. For more information on dealing with cyberbullying, check out our article on cyberbullying. Responsible Social Media Usage Using Instagram responsibly is key to maintaining a positive and safe experience. Here are a few tips to help you navigate the platform responsibly: - Be mindful of the information you share on your profile. Avoid posting personal details, such as your address or phone number, to protect your privacy. - Think twice before posting or sharing content that may be inappropriate or offensive. Consider the potential impact it may have on others and your own online reputation. - Treat others with respect and kindness. Avoid engaging in negative or hurtful conversations. Remember that your words and actions have an impact on others. - Be cautious when interacting with strangers on Instagram. Avoid sharing personal information or meeting up with individuals you’ve only met online. - Set boundaries for yourself and prioritize your well-being. Take breaks from the platform when needed and engage in other offline activities. By following these guidelines, you can enjoy Instagram while promoting a safe and positive online environment for yourself and others. Remember, your online presence is a reflection of who you are, so use it wisely and responsibly.
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Maybe this is getting a bit repetitive, and frankly, we don’t care, but that’s because it’s important. The best target is the one that makes you better. Be honest with yourself; you aren’t getting much out of your range day if you aren’t improving your skills. That’s why it’s important to work with targets that help you improve. So keep reading to learn our picks for the top 5 gun targets to increase your marksmanship. 5 Gun Targets to Increase your Marksmanship 1. IQ Target The IQ Target is one of our favorites, why, because it requires the shooter to focus on accuracy while testing their ability to think between shots. This means you’re getting more out of your time and not just sending a bunch of rounds downrange. IQ targets also come as either rifle or pistol targets, so no matter which firearm you’re shooting, you have a target that will work for you. Combine this with the Dead Man’s Hand Shooting Deck—choose between the rifle or pistol deck—and you’ll get even more quality practice while having fun at the same time. Looking for another target option? Read our blog, The Best Silhouette Targets The Essentials Target is great to help you maintain your current proficiency and improve areas where you may have a little trouble. When combined with the Essential Shooting Guide, this target will allow you to work on your marksmanship with the pistol through various shooting drills. You’ll find yourself focused on slow aimed fire, weak and off-hand shooting, target transition, trigger speed changes, drawing, magazine reloads, and controlled multiple shot groups. If this doesn’t give you some good quality range time, we don’t know what will. Looking for rifle targets? Read our blog, The Best Rifle Targets for your Next Range Day The Hitman Target is great for the long range shooter, considering that’s what it was designed for. The target includes a comprehensive zeroing and engagement system for precision marksmanship. It also comes with a grid overlay system so shooters can see the impact offset and adjust onto different zeroing squares. This not only gives you various points of aim, but it also helps you maintain an MOA zero at 100, 200, and 300 yards. Because if your zero is off, you might have trouble becoming the marksman you so desire to become. A diagnostic target is excellent for new shooters because it tells you what you’re doing wrong based on where your round hits. If you’re new to firing a weapon, how do you know what you’re doing wrong if no one tells you? If you aren’t taking an official course or working with a trained shooter, this can be a hard task to learn by yourself. Diagnostic targets tell you when you’ve slapped the trigger instead of that slow, steady trigger pull, along with other mistakes you’re bound to make as a new shooter. Want to add more pistol targets to the collection? Read our blog, Top 7 Pistol Targets Targets that give you several points of aim, especially if they’re smaller areas, can cause you to focus on accuracy a lot more than if you had one big silhouette to shoot at. Rite in the Rain Weatherproof Long Range Targets give you just that. They also come with a target on either side so that you can choose between two common marksmanship exercises. The design was borrowed from the military/competitive design logic, which can help you not only score your shooting but improve it. You’ve got everything you need for some quality range time. You’ve purchased several IQ and Essentials Targets and even the Dead Man’s Hand Shooting Deck for the pistol. Nothing can get in your way to becoming the next top shot. Wrong! Shooting isn’t just about the types of targets you’re shooting at. While it is important, you’re varying your targets and your drills, how you shoot will determine if you’ll actually get a round on paper. If you want to be a marksman, you’re going to have to master the fundamentals. However, before we get much further, let’s address this question first. What is marksmanship? Apparently, there are a lot of people out there who aren’t exactly sure what marksmanship means. Just to be clear, we’re talking about a person who is of particularly good aim, in the case of this blog, with either a pistol or rifle. Depending on whom you talk to, marksmanship may be the difference between shooting 23/40 rounds or 35/40 rounds during military qualifications. Plainly put, however, marksmanship is the ability to hit your target. It’s the precision in your shots that makes you a marksman. Why is good marksmanship important? Well, why wouldn’t it be important? The entire point of shooting a gun is to hit the target. Your target may be a piece of paper, a deer, or an intruder. Whatever the case may be, you want to hit it. No one shoots at a target and hopes they miss it. But being able to hit the target isn’t the most important reason to have good aim. Safety is. Don’t have the finances to buy new targets? Read our blog, Free Printable Shooting Targets If you can’t hit your target, it doesn’t mean the bullet just disappeared into thin air. When the bullet leaves your gun, it has to impact something. If you’re in a situation of self-defense, the difference between hitting your target and missing could mean the intruder or criminal gets a shot off first. Still, most importantly, it could mean you’re going to hit someone else accidentally. Good marksmanship is important because bad marksmanship isn’t an option. With that in mind, safety is your first step in marksmanship…so let’s talk about that. If you’ve ever taken any weapons course, a good instructor will always start with weapons safety. Know what’s behind your target Don’t point at anything you don’t intend to shoot or kill Don’t place your finger on the trigger until you’re ready to shoot Always keep your weapon steady and downrange Don’t joke or jester with your weapon Treat all weapons as if they are loaded If you’ve been in the military, you also hear, don’t count your rounds on post, and don’t take apart or clean your weapon on post. But, those don’t really apply to the example here so that you may continue on. “Good marksmanship” is important for the same reason weapons safety is important. If your aim is off, you could potentially cause death or harm to someone you didn’t intend to shoot. If you don’t know what’s behind your target, you may hit an innocent bystander. If you point at someone you don’t intend to shoot, you might unintentionally fire your weapon at them. Read more about The Best Shooting Targets If you don’t have good aim, you risk safety, and if you’re risking safety, you shouldn’t own a gun. This is why it’s important to get to the range. Never buy a gun for protection and not practice with it. It’s like buying a car before you learn to drive. Instead of buying a brand new car, you’re probably going to wreck; you get a driver’s permit, take a few courses or learn from a parent, get a license, and then buy a car; otherwise, you might crash into someone. Gun ownership is no different. For example, if you’re buying a gun for home protection, the last thing you want to do is buy it and not practice with it, someone breaks into your home, and you shoot your kid standing off to the side instead of the intruder. Know your weapon, understand how it works, learn how to care for it, how to spot a malfunction vs. a stoppage. Know what you should and shouldn’t do with a weapon. And yes, read the manual that comes with it. This manual teaches you more than safety. It teaches you the details about your weapon, such as how to clean it. Why is it important to understand how to clean your weapon? Because if you don’t clean your weapon, you could cause common issues such as failure to feed or failure to fire, and depending on the situation you’re in when you’re attempting to fire the weapon, could be the difference between life and death. You should also know how to take your weapon apart. Why? You have to take your weapon apart to inspect it. For example, say your weapon has a hairline crack in the barrel. You don’t want to ever shoot a weapon with defects. Learn how to let us design your next shooting target A new pistol or rifle is no exception to inspection. When you get your new rifle, pistol, shotgun, whatever your choice of weaponry may be, make sure you inspect it and know what kind of ammo goes into that weapon. For instance, you wouldn’t want to put .45 into a 9mm pistol. Why is this, you ask, because it could blow up in your face. If this happens, you risk more than a little hearing damage. In addition, you risk your eyesight, fingers, etc. So, don’t be that guy or gal. Know how to shoot your weapon and what to shoot through it, then keep it clean, because, to be a marksman, you have to keep safety in mind, always. Proper Pistol Grip With safety out of the way—but always in mind—before you can start your journey into marksmanship, you must know how you hold a pistol. If you don’t grip the pistol hard enough or in the right location, you’ll miss the area you want to hit. Of course, there’s always a chance you will get lucky, but no one wants to leave hitting the target to chance. So when you grip your pistol, do it like you mean it. Hold it tight with the webbing between your thumb and pointer finger as high up into the pistol grip as possible, trying not to leave any space. Keep in mind, while you need a very firm grip, don’t grip it so hard that you’re shaking; this will cause an entirely new set of problems. Your goal is to support the weapon, not squeeze it so hard it pops out of your hand like a wet bar of soap. Another good rule of thumb is to slightly lock your dominant—hand pulling the trigger—wrist forward. This will keep you from “limp wristing” it. If you do this, you could cause your pistol not to fire. The slide won’t lock back, and while you know you have a full magazine and one in the chamber, nothing will happen. Sometimes, the pistol will fire, but a new round won’t be chambered; yet the slide will return to its normal position, giving you the illusion that a round was chambered. With your non-dominant hand, you’re going to wrap all four fingers around the fingers of your dominant hand. Don’t grip too hard; this can cause you to pull the pistol down and make you hit low on the target. Next, place your week hand thumb below your dominant thumb. Thumb placement can be up to the shooter’s comfort and level of experience, but whatever you do, don’t cross your weak hand’s thumb behind the dominant hand’s thumb. This could lead to serious injury when the slide cycles. Trust us, this is a mistake you’ll never make twice, and if you listen to us, hopefully, you won’t make it at all. A second not-to-do is tea cupping. This happens when the shooter holds their hand—like a teacup—under the pistol grip—you’re not having tea with the queen of England here, you’re about to shoot a weapon—and this doesn’t give you the support you need for recoil which could cause you to hit too high on the target, or completely overshoot the target altogether. Proper Shooting Stance with a Pistol How you stand when you shoot your pistol is important, so important, it can actually determine if you even hit the target. Why? Because it’s about balance. If you don’t have balance, even the slightest recoil could throw your round off target, and we don’t want that, especially if you’re looking to be a marksman. There are few stances people typically take when they shoot. We will talk about two of them here. The first is the weaver stance. The weaver stance looks slightly like a boxer. You will face the target, with your dominant side’s foot back slightly and toes canted approximately 45 degrees away from your body. Because you’re standing in the weaver position, both arms will be bent, causing your pistol to be slightly closer to your face. In addition, your dominant arm will be bent slightly out and away from your body, while your non-dominant arm will be bent, with the elbow toward the ground. The Isosceles Stance requires the shooter the stand square toward the target. Your feet should be at least shoulder-width apart, or slightly further, pointing toward the target, with both arms extended out equally. This should cause the pistol to line up with the center of your chest. Your knees should also be slightly bent with your upper body leaning forward. Do not lean backward; it doesn’t give you any balance. How to aim a Pistol You’re almost there! Pistol in hand, stance mastered, now you just need to figure out how to aim the thing, and then you’ll be well on your way to marksmanship! When you’re aiming the pistol, you’re going to keep the pistol directly out in front of you. None of that side-ways crap either. You may think you look cool, but trust me, you aren’t. You’re more like that idiot who wears his hat sideways because he thinks it looks awesome when really, it just looks like he doesn’t know how to wear a hat—yeah, that’s you. Don’t be that guy. Hold your pistol the right way. Keep your arms straight out in front of you, gripping the pistol as discussed above, but with a slight bend in the arm. Aim the pistol at the target with equal height, equal light. If you’ve ever taken a pistol course, this may be something you’ve already heard. If you haven’t heard of it before, it just means, make sure your rear sight and front sight post are at an equal height. Equal light refers to the space on either side of the front post, as it lies between the rear sights. There should be an equal amount of light on either side. Once this is done, you’ll want to focus your eyes on the front sight, with both eyes open. This can be a little difficult for new shooters. When you focus on the front sight, it should make the target blurry. Again, it’s hard to get used to, but it will make you a better shot. How to Shoot a Pistol When you go to actually shoot your pistol, there’s a technique. It’s not just a simple squeeze of the trigger. I mean, yes, that’s what you’re doing, but when you squeeze, you have to do it right, or you might miss the target. Your first step is to make sure your finger is properly placed on the trigger. You might hear some instructors say, place as little finger on the trigger as possible. What they’re referring to is the meaty or cushiony part of your finger. This is between the tip of your finger and the first joint. After your finger is properly placed, you will make a slow, steady pull of the trigger. Now, when we say slow, we mean you won’t be slapping or jerking the trigger. Instead, you should follow through. This simply means you pull the trigger back, the gun goes off, and you slowly ride the trigger forward. Your finger should not leave the trigger between shots unless, of course, you’re going to reholster. By following through with your trigger squeeze, you will keep yourself from jerking the trigger, which will cause the round to either go too far left or too far right, depending on what hand you’re shooting with. What distance should I zero my pistol at? So far, you know what targets you need; you know how to hold your pistol, how to stand, how to aim your pistol, and how to shoot it. But have you zeroed it yet? Like a rifle, you should zero your pistol when you get it. This is done by aligning the point of impact and the point of aim. If you’re pointing your pistol in one direction and the bullet hits in a completely different area, either you’re not shooting correctly, or your zero is off. To zero your pistol, you should be able to adjust your sights either up and down or left and right, in most cases. If you’re too far left, then you need to adjust the sight to the right. If you’re too high, then adjust the sight lower. Keep making adjustments until your point of aim and point of impact are at the spot. This should be done from a distance of 10-25 yards. It’s quite simple; if you want to get better, you have to practice. Running drills can be a great way to practice and improve your accuracy. Ball and Dummy Technique The ball and dummy technique consists of loading a magazine with both live rounds and dummy rounds. You would want a friend to load your magazine for optimal results, so you don’t know when you’re about to fire a live round versus a dummy round. The point of this drill is to let you see if you’re anticipating the shot. You want to shoot every round deliberately, focusing on accuracy, so speed isn’t much of a factor here. If you’re anticipating the shot, the pistol will dip forward, and you’ll be well aware of it if a dummy round comes up. Do this drill several times to help you build up muscle memory and prevent anticipation. There’s a lot of debate between gun enthusiasts on whether or not dry firing is a good idea for your gun. In some situations, it’s quite unwise, such as when firing a Rimfire. This is because the firing pin impacts the steel chamber, which in turn damages your firing pin. However, with most modern guns, this isn’t generally an issue. Be cautious, though, because revolvers that have floating firing pins, such as that of the Smith & Wesson, can create firing pins damaged through dry firing. To help protect your gun in cases where the firing pin could be damaged, you can use a snap cap. In cases where damaging the firing pin may not be an issue, dummy rounds are good for simulation. It also lets you practice magazine reloads. Don’t be one of those guys that get butthurt in this section and write seven paragraphs about all the guns that you shouldn’t dry fire or how it’s all a bunch of bull crap, etc. The above are only a couple of examples; we’re certain there are more; these are just the ones we went with. Do remember, however, every weapon is different; again, this is why it’s important to know your weapon because some can handle dry fire, and others can’t. Now that all that’s covered, your first step is to make sure your weapon is cleared! This is always the first step before and after doing any type of training, cleaning, arming and disarming with any firearm. After you’ve cleared the weapon, you want to make sure you’re in a safe area—even if the gun is unloaded, no one wants you pointing it at them. Next, if you’re using dummy rounds, feel free to load them into the magazine. If you aren’t, skip this step. The entire point of dry firing is to simulate firing your weapon without actually firing a round, so dummy rounds aren’t needed but encourage if working with magazine reloads. After your weapon is cleared out and chosen between dummy rounds or no dummy rounds, you can focus on the fundamentals. What’s great about dry firing is the ability to work on the basics, such as proper grip, stance, trigger control, sight alignment, and sight picture, all without spending any money. Then, you’ll simply shoot the weapon as if it were loaded while pointing it at a designated target. For some people, dry firing is great for building muscle memory and helping to reduce the flinch, you know, what you get from anticipating the shot. Some claim that by practicing on a weapon without the recoil, they become so used to it, they stop anticipating and, in turn, don’t flinch right before the gun goes off. The 1-2-3 Drill, using the Hitman target and a pistol, can be a lot of fun while helping you with precision. On the left side of the target are squares of various sizes. You will shoot one round into the 1” square, 2 rounds into the 2” square, and 3 rounds into the 3” square. If you want to make it more challenging, don’t move on until you’re able to place all rounds on the designated target without missing. Once you can do this, you’ll move the target or yourself further out and repeat. How to be a Marksman If marksmanship is your goal—as it should be every shooter’s—there’s definitely a lot of tools, tips, and drills out there for you to use. Just remember, no matter how good you become, the fundamentals will always be important. Even the most experienced shooters still take the time to practice the basics. These basics can be practiced through drills and improved with target practice. Just keep in mind, the target you use can determine the quality of practice you’ll get. To learn more about quality targets, click here. Need work on your target transitions? Read our blog: This Drill is Designed to help work on your Target Transitions
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- Veracruz Mexico beaches offer warm waters, excellent for swimming, sailing, and surfing near mountainous landscapes. - Top beaches include Playa Norte, Playa Chachalacas, Playa Villa Rica, and Playa Mis Amores. - Veracruz has a vibrant culture with delicious seafood, coffee, fruits, and colonial cafes - Popular beach activities include snorkeling, kayaking, windsurfing, and parasailing, exploring rich aquatic life. - Off-beach attractions include the Zocalo, Malecón, Acuario de Veracruz, and historic fortifications. - Renting a car is recommended for exploring beaches and various attractions outside the city. Veracruz Mexico Beaches are lined with palm trees, just a short distance from Mexico City. The water of Veracruz Mexico Beaches is the warm water of the Sea of Cortez. The Sierra Madre Mountains border these beaches, while picturesque boats dot the coastlines. Communities along Veracruz Mexico Beaches include Boca del Rio and Boca del Puma. These towns are popular with tourists and offer various amenities such as beach volleyball courts and island getaways. The warm waters of the Sea of Cortez offer excellent conditions for swimming, sailing, and surfing, with lifeguards stationed along the coasts for safety. It makes me curious, what are some Veracruz, Mexico beaches that are best to visit? So, what are the Veracruz Mexico beaches? Some of the best beaches in Veracruz are located to the North of the city such as Playa Mis Amores, Playa Chapparales, Beach Villa Rica, Playa Chachalacas, and Playa Norte. Within the city limits popular beaches are Playa de Alvarado, Playa Punta Puntilla, Playa Escondida and Playa Jiscacal, where English-speaking tourists can often find assistance. To the south of Veracruz, the best beaches are Playa Marti, Playa Mocambo, Playa Boca Del Rio and Playa Anton Lizardo. Statistics: In January, the average temperature in Veracruz Mexico is 78.8 degrees. In May, the average temperature in Veracruz Mexico is 78 degrees. In June the temperature in Veracruz Mexico reaches an average of 84 degrees. Veracruz is the third-largest city in the country and its seaport is a major port for exporting goods such as coffee, cacao, tobacco, and tropical fruits. The beaches of Veracruz are on the southeast side of the state. Veracruz has 690 km (429 mi) of coastline with the Gulf of Mexico. (Source) Table of Contents Veracruz culture is a blend of many cultures. The cuisine includes seafood, fresh vegetable dishes such as tamales and mole poblano, and tropical drinks such as atole and champurrado. Veracruz is famous for its beautiful beaches, music, and dance with an Afro-Caribbean influence, and delicious seafood specialties. (Source) I’ll cover the beaches of Veracruz and what activities you can do on these beaches. Additionally, let’s see what there is to do off the beach and into the city of Veracruz. Let’s get started! Stay tuned, you won’t want to miss it. The Top 13 Veracruz Mexico Beaches Let us dive into each of the top 13 Veracruz beaches in detail. For the beaches I’ve had the pleasure of visiting, I’ll share my insights and impressions, and you can also find my personal thoughts and experiences in the sections that follow. Playa Norte is a bustling beach located in the heart of the city of Veracruz, best known for its vibrant atmosphere and the fantastic seafood served in the nearby eateries. Its gentle waters make it ideal for swimming, and visitors can enjoy walking along the promenade lined with markets and music performances. Famous for the sand dunes of the neighboring Dunas de Chachalacas, Playa Chachalacas is perfect for adventurous visitors interested in sandboarding or ATV riding. Aside from adrenaline-filled activities, the beach also offers a serene environment for relaxation, surrounded by natural beauty. Beach Villa Rica: This historic beach is situated near the site where the Spanish conqueror Hernán Cortés first landed in Mexico, offering a unique blend of natural beauty and historical significance. The beach area, with its sandy shores adorned with shells and rocks, is a favorite among visitors. It’s a great spot for snorkeling and diving due to the remains of sunken ships near the shore. Playa Chapparales is a tranquil beach, famous for its unspoiled natural beauty, making it an excellent spot for tourists seeking a peaceful getaway. Bird watching and nature walks are popular activities among visitors, with many enjoying the sight of seagulls and the striking cliffs in the area. The beach is within walking distance to various amenities, ensuring a comfortable visit. Playa Mis Amores: This is a family-friendly beach with gentle waves and soft sand, making it perfect for picnics and leisurely activities. Its close proximity to various accommodations and restaurants adds to the convenience for travelers. Playa Anton Lizardo: Known as a prime destination for water sports, Playa Anton Lizardo offers opportunities for snorkeling, diving, and sailing. With the Veracruz Reef System nearby, the rich marine life is an absolute delight for underwater explorers. Playa Boca Del Rio: This beach is the hub of Veracruz’s nightlife, featuring numerous clubs, bars, and restaurants along the shoreline. During the day, visitors can enjoy sunbathing, swimming, and partaking in various water sports. One of the most popular beaches in Veracruz, Playa Mocambo is characterized by its palm trees, fine sand, and calm, warm waters. It is well equipped with facilities like restaurants and rental shops for water sports equipment. This beach is known for its calm ambiance and stunning sunsets, making it a perfect spot for evening walks and relaxation. The beach’s shallow waters make it safe for swimming, particularly for children. Playa Jicacal is a serene and secluded beach, offering visitors a respite from the bustling city life. It is a perfect spot for beachcombing, picnicking, and camping under the stars. True to its name, Playa Escondida or ‘Hidden Beach,’ is a secluded gem, offering an intimate setting for relaxation amid nature. The lush surrounding vegetation and crystal clear waters provide an ideal environment for snorkeling and diving. It is a beautiful refuge for hawksbill turtles, birds, and coral reefs. Visitors are only allowed access to a controlled area and a maximum of 100 people daily. Snorkeling and paddle boarding are allowed in the controlled area. Playa Punta Puntilla: This beach is famous for its historic lighthouse and offers a great view of the Veracruz Port. Its strategic location provides opportunities for boat tours and fishing trips. Playa de Alvarado: Located in the town of Alvarado, this beach is a hub for local fishermen, making it a unique attraction for tourists interested in the region’s local lifestyle and customs. Visitors can buy fresh seafood, engage in boating activities, or simply enjoy the tranquil ambiance. What Are the Best Beach Activities to Do in Veracruz, Mexico? Is Veracruz Mexico Caribbean? The answer is yes. But it’s more than that. It’s where the sea meets the land, the sun shines bright, and the sky is blue. A place where the earth meets the water and the wind blows strong. Where the mountains meet the ocean and the air smells fresh. Veracruz is the best destination for those seeking adventure, relaxation, culture, history, food, shopping, beaches, nightlife, sports, festivals, museums, art galleries, architecture, wildlife, nature, entertainment, and more. Veracruz Mexico Beaches- What Fun Activities Can You Do On the Beaches? There are lots of fun activities you can enjoy on Veracruz beaches, from kitesurfing and jet skiing to dancing on the sand. Some people enjoy surfing while others prefer swimming. Others go fishing or scuba diving. Families with kids can spend quality time taking photos and exploring the beautiful mangroves. Whatever activity you decide to do, make sure that you bring sunscreen, bug repellent, and a swimsuit. Don’t forget to plan for parking near the beach. – Other popular activities include snorkeling, kayaking, windsurfing, kitesurfing, and jet skiing. – Make sure you pack plenty of food and drink before heading to the beach. 1. Playa Villa Rica – This beach is perfect for those looking for a good time, as there are a variety of water sports available, as well as boat rides. 2. La Mancha – This beach is perfect for those looking to relax, as it has a cove that provides calm waters. 3. The Gulf of Mexico – This is the perfect place for those who want to experience some of Veracruz’s best. The Top Rated Beach Activities to Do in Veracruz, Mexico 1. Swimming and snorkeling at Playa Villa Rica 2. Exploring La Mancha for its aquatic life 3. Enjoying boat rides My Personal Thoughts and Experiences About Veracruz Mexico Beaches Growing up in San Diego, California, I had the chance to explore numerous charming beach towns across California, Oregon, and even Mexico, including Ensenada and Rosarito. Now, having visited over 50 beach towns globally, destinations like Veracruz (which I haven’t been able to visit yet), with its stunning beaches and picturesque seaside towns, truly capture my passion for idyllic coastal getaways. The diverse range of beach activities, vibrant local culture, and breathtaking landscapes in Veracruz perfectly align with my love for discovering unique beachside experiences and further fuel my desire to explore more hidden gems like this around the world. I was in Las Vegas a few years ago, and hungry for some lunch. I found one small Mexican restaurant located in the shade which proudly displayed “We serve authentic Veracruz cuisine”. So I stopped in and ordered the Veracruz Tacos. This decision proved to be a spectacular foot in the right direction for my taste buds. My goodness, it was delicious. The pork was crispy, the salsa was tangy, and they served it with chopped white raw onions and cilantro. They had Mexican rice and beans with it, and to this day I still would like to go and drive back to have about five more tacos! If I were to get the opportunity to travel to Veracruz, Mexico, I’d make it a point to visit Playa Chachalacas to experience the thrill of sandboarding on its famous dunes. On my camp itinerary would be the seafood delights of Playa Norte, as I’m always keen on trying local cuisines, and the lure of the bustling markets, which provide a wealth of information on the regional fare, would make it hard to resist. What Are the Best Things to See in Veracruz (off the Beach)? Best Things to See in Veracruz 1. The Zocalo: The main plaza in Veracruz is full of cultural attractions. 3. The Malecon: A waterfront promenade with restaurants, bars, and shops. It’s lively at night and has lots of entertainment options. 3. The Acuario de Veracruz: The city’s biggest attraction is an aquarium. 4. The Museo de la Ciudad: A museum which is dedicated to the city of Veracruz. 5. The Museo Historico Naval: A museum dedicated to the history of the Mexican Navy. 6. Fortifications: Veracruz has a history of fortifications that can be visited. 7. Beaches: There are many beaches in Veracruz which are great for swimming and snorkeling Best Things to See in Veracruz (off the Beach) 1. Chachalacas Beach: This beach is 24 miles away from Veracruz, and has a lot of activities to do. 2. Sabanal dunes: The dunes are a tourist attraction that you don’t want to miss. Best Things to See in Veracruz (in the City) 1. The Zocalo: The main plaza in Veracruz, full of cultural activities. 2. During the day, the Malecan is an active plaza where dozens of restaurants line up, offering everything from tacos to crepes. At night, however, the Malecon becomes a lively plaza full of buskers performing for tourists and locals alike. 3. The Acuario de Veracruz: The city’s biggest attraction. 4. The Museo de la Ciudad and the Museo Historico Naval: Document the city’s history. 5. The Spanish fortifications of Baluarte de Santiago and Castillo de San Juan de Uloa: Also interesting attractions. The Flavors of Veracruz: A Culinary Adventure When visiting Veracruz, one must not miss the opportunity to indulge in the local cuisine, which is a unique blend of indigenous, Spanish, and African flavors. It is a different experience to the Mexican food you can often get in the United States. Here’s a brief overview of the noteworthy food and drinks in Veracruz. This coastal city in Mexico is renowned for its seafood dishes, coffee, fruits and vanilla. Let’s dive into the details: |Veracruz is particularly renowned for its seafood dishes, including huachinango a la veracruzana (red snapper in a tomato-based sauce) and arroz a la tumbada (rice with seafood). The coastal location ensures that the seafood is always fresh and of high quality. |Veracruz is one of the largest coffee producers in Mexico. Visitors can enjoy a freshly brewed cup at one of the many local cafes. |Tropical fruits like mango, pineapple, and papaya are abundant in the region. They are often used in refreshing drinks and desserts. |The local vanilla, derived from the native orchid species, is a must-try for food enthusiasts. It is considered some of the best in the world. Adventure Activities in Veracruz’s Natural Wonders For those seeking adventure, Veracruz offers a wide range of outdoor activities to suit all interests and abilities. The picturesque landscape of the Sierra Madre Mountains provides the perfect backdrop for hiking, birdwatching, and zip-lining. The region is also home to several rivers, making it an ideal destination for kayaking and rafting enthusiasts. Nature lovers can explore the nearby Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, which boasts a diverse ecosystem and is home to several endangered species. Water-based activities are also abundant in Veracruz, thanks to its beautiful coastline along the Gulf of Mexico. Visitors can try their hand at surfing, sailing, and fishing or opt for more leisurely pursuits such as snorkeling, windsurfing, and paddleboarding. The crystal-clear waters and abundant marine life make it an excellent destination for scuba diving and underwater photography enthusiasts. The Nightlife and Entertainment Scene in Veracruz As the sun sets, Veracruz comes alive with a vibrant nightlife scene that caters to all tastes. From lively bars and clubs to traditional live music and dance events, there is something for everyone in this bustling city. The Malecón, a picturesque boardwalk along the waterfront, is the perfect place to start the evening with a leisurely stroll or a refreshing drink at one of the many bars and restaurants with stunning views of the ocean. For a taste of local culture, visitors can attend a traditional Danzon night at the Zocalo, where locals and tourists come together to dance to the rhythm of live orchestras. Those looking for a more contemporary experience can head to Boca del Rio, an area known for its trendy clubs and bars that attract a younger crowd. Whatever the preference, Veracruz’s nightlife offers an exciting and diverse range of options for an unforgettable night out. Tips for a Safe and Enjoyable Trip to Veracruz To make the most of a vacation in Veracruz, it is essential to take some precautions and plan ahead. Although the city is generally safe for tourists, it is recommended to avoid walking alone at night and to be cautious in crowded areas. When visiting the beaches or other tourist attractions, it is advisable to keep personal belongings secure and to be aware of the surroundings. In terms of transportation, having a car is recommended for exploring the sights outside the city, while public transport options such as buses and taxis are suitable for getting around within the city limits. When planning a trip to Veracruz, it is essential to book accommodations early, especially during the peak season of April to October. By following these tips and taking necessary precautions, visitors can ensure a safe and enjoyable vacation in the vibrant and culturally rich city of Veracruz. Does Veracruz Mexico Have Nice Beaches Veracruz Mexico is home to some of the best beaches in the world. The beach is 10 kilometers from Tecolutla, a warm, open sea. There are archaeological sites near the beach which are great places to learn about Mexico’s indigenous past. The beach is great for swimming and eating. What Are the Best Travel Trip Tips for Veracruz, Mexico? Is Veracruz Mexico Worth Visiting Veracruz is a beautiful city located on the Gulf of Mexico. It is known for its lively atmosphere, stunning architecture, and rich history. The city has something to offer everyone, whether you’re looking for a relaxing beach vacation or an action-packed adventure. Monkeyfish and Armanita rafting companies can arrange different types of water sports in Jalcomulco, including kayaking, paddle boarding, sandboarding, and snorkeling. Overall, Veracruz is an incredibly diverse and exciting city that is definitely worth a visit. There is something for everyone to enjoy in this vibrant Mexican metropolis. Travel Tips for Veracruz, Mexico 1. Take precautions when traveling to Veracruz, especially at night. 2. Keep valuables safe and do not leave anything of value unattended. Do I Need a Car on A Trip to Veracruz Mexico? Yes, a car is needed on a trip to Veracruz Mexico, especially if you want to visit some wonderful sights outside the city, including the beaches. Having a car will eliminate the need to find all the public transportation and travel to some attractions, not in the city’s center. There are a few different ways to get around Veracruz without a car. The first is to take advantage of the city’s public transportation system. Buses are a great way to get around Mexico, and the current rates for buses are displayed at the exit of the bus station. You can also take a taxi, but paying in advance is important. Another option is to use one of the many ride-sharing services that are available in Veracruz. These services allow you to request a ride from your smartphone and typically cost less than taxis. Finally, you can always walk or bike if you only go short distances. How to Get Around in Veracruz, Mexico The best way to travel around the city is by bus. There are two types of buses; local and intercity. Local buses run within the city limits and cost $0.25 per ride. Intercity buses go to nearby cities such as Orizaba, Puebla, Xalapa, etc. These buses cost $1.50 each way. There are also taxis which charge $3 for short distances and $5 for longer ones. Taxis are very common in the city and there are taxi stands throughout the city. You can also rent a car for $40-$60 depending on how long you plan to stay. If you do decide to rent a car make sure you bring extra gas because the stations are far apart. What to See and Do in Veracruz, Mexico 4. Horseback riding 5. Bird watching 6. Zip lining 7. Waterfall rappelling What is the History of Veracruz? Veracruz has been an important trading post for centuries. It was the last Spanish stronghold in Mexico before the war of independence began. It is also a vital trade route between Mexico and Spain. The history of Veracruz begins with the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in 1519. The city became an important port for trade between Spain and its colonies in South America. In 1697, the area was conquered by the French during the War of the Spanish Succession. After the war ended, France ceded control of the territory to Spain. In 1821, Veracruz became the capital of the state of Veracruz. During the Mexican Revolution (1810-1920), Veracruz served as the headquarters of General Ignacio Zaragoza, who led the Constitutionalists against President Benito Juarez. Today, Veracruz is a major commercial center and tourist destination. Its economy is based primarily on tourism, manufacturing, agriculture, fishing, and commerce. Exploring Veracruz’s Rich History and Heritage Veracruz is a city steeped in history, with its roots dating back to the early 16th century. It has been an important trading post for centuries and played a key role in Mexico’s struggle for independence. The city’s rich heritage can be seen in its architecture, museums, and historical sites. Visitors can explore the ancient fortifications such as San Juan de Ulúa or take a guided tour of the Museo de la Ciudad to learn more about the city’s past. The cultural blend of indigenous, Spanish, and African influences is evident in the local customs, music, and dance, making Veracruz a unique and fascinating destination. The historical significance of Veracruz is not limited to its role in trade and independence. During the Mexican Revolution, the city served as the headquarters for General Ignacio Zaragoza, an important figure in Mexican history. In addition to visiting the museums and historical sites, tourists can attend local festivals and events that celebrate the city’s rich cultural heritage. From the vibrant Carnaval de Veracruz to the traditional Danzon nights at the Zocalo, there is always something happening in this lively city. In conclusion, Veracruz has become one of the top vacation destinations in Mexico. With its beautiful beaches, friendly locals, and laid-back atmosphere, it’s easy to see why so many tourists choose to visit here each year. However, if you’re planning on visiting Veracruz during peak season (which runs from April through October), you’ll want to book your hotel reservations early. This is because hotels fill up fast during these months, which means you won’t be able to find a room anywhere near the coast. That said, if you can avoid the crowds, you’ll be rewarded with gorgeous views of the ocean and plenty of opportunities to relax and unwind. In fact, if you like spending your days soaking up the sun, swimming in the sea, and enjoying a cocktail or two, you’ll love Veracruz. So grab your sunscreen, pack your swimsuit, and plan your trip today!
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Does Wilmer Flores Have The Worst Walk-Up Music In Baseball? Time for your weekly edition of the Defector Funbag. Got something on your mind? Email the Funbag. And buy Drew’s book, The Night The Lights Went Out, while you’re at it. Today, we're talking about bobbing for apples, stick shifts, hot dogs, and more. Every year I write Why Your Team Sucks, I usually still have room on my plate to handle Funbag duties at the same time. Due to remarkably bad planning on my end, that is NOT the case this time around. As such, I must cede Funbag hosting duties next week. You will have a special guest host, and you can email them your questions the same way you email them to me. So don’t be shy. Take advantage of your guest host now before I come back and prattle on endlessly about how I don’t like reading the news anymore. What is the worst entrance/walkup music a player has ever had? I would like to submit Wilmer Flores of the Giants using the Friends theme song. As a Giants fan, I basically have to hear it four times every night. It drives me crazy! I basically want to rip my ears off each time he comes to the plate. That’s a hilarious choice though, isn’t? Always better to err on the side of comedy with something like walk-up music, which guys like me are always inclined to take WAY too seriously at the onset. But shout out to Jack for actually noticing Flores’s choice whenever he watches the Giants play. As far as I’m concerned, the dirty little secret of walk-up music in baseball is that barely anyone hears it. Everyone at the stadium is busy either taking a piss or figuring out the right time to take a piss. Everyone at home is listening to the play-by-play guy introducing the batter. And the batter only gets like a 10-second clip of their chosen song anyway. If I’ve ever noticed the walk-up music while watching a ballgame, I’ve never noticed it all that much. I got too much other shit going on, even if I’m not doing anything at all. By the way, I like the Friends theme song. In fact, I remember glomming onto it when the show first aired because it was performed by The Rembrandts, and I REALLY liked that band’s first hit single. This was back when I would switch over to VH1 from MTV once in a while (usually because MTV was playing, for some reason, “Midnight Blue” by Lou Gramm for the 50,000th time), and find myself occasionally surprised to enjoy what I found. So when I found out The Rembrandts were the ones behind the Friends song, I was like, “OK, that’s cool.” Did it hurt that I liked the show itself, Peak Jennifer Aniston in particular? Not in the least. After the show exploded, VH1 would play the theme song in full, as a standard rotation video. I watched that video, in its entirety, more than once. So if I ever caught a ballplayer using it for their walk-up music, I wouldn’t hold it against them. You, however, are more than welcome to hold that fact against me. As for the dumbest possible song selection an impending batter could make, well MLB has no shortage of country music fans already among its players. But I’ll ignore that and pick “White Christmas” instead. You’d have to be a real Flanders to get psyched up by “White Christmas” in August. How many pillows are there on Manhattan? Let's figure it out for the whole city of New York. According to LendingTree, NYC has nearly 3.5 million homes in it. LendingTree also breaks that number down by the number of bedrooms each of those homes includes (for this exercise, I’ll count a studio apartment as having one bedroom). That comes out to, at a minimum, 7,117,355 bedrooms. Let’s say each of those bedrooms has a double bed in it, and assume four pillows per double bed. That, my friends, totals 28,469,420 pillows. That’s a whole lotta softness goin’ on. But I have failed to account for pull-out beds, air beds, and doggy beds … not to mention the copious number of decorative throw pillows that constitute the basis of all '90s standup jokes. I also haven’t accounted for the pillows in hospitals, hotels, and hookah lounges. Remember when hookah lounges were a whole thing? You probably don’t, but 1999 me would saunter into a shitty hookah lounge in Midtown, smoke some apple tobacco, and consider himself to be the swankiest asshole who ever lived. An incredible time to be alive, but I digress. Let’s abandon proper analytics and jack that estimate up to an even 50 million. That is my answer. And don’t you feel so learned now? I'm in my mid-30s. No kids, one cat, one wife. Can you explain to me why so many new parents immediately buy a dog? I feel like the last thing I'd want with a newborn is another expensive, needy, poop-filled mammal in my home. That’s the reason that I held off on getting a dog until our youngest kid was way outta diapers. I didn’t want another goddamn thing to clean up after. Parent long enough and you realize that 80 percent of your life is spent cleaning shit and/or picking shit up. Do you know how many times I find a gum wrapper in the dryer? EVERY TIME. It’s as reliable as the sun coming up every morning. But when you have one kid (and just one), you quickly notice how isolated they are stuck at home with two naggy adults as their only company. They get tired of mom and dad’s horseshit real fast, and it’s not healthy for a kid to lack peers anyway. So the solution is to either have another kid, or to get a pet. That’s the only reason I can imagine welcoming a new dog into the fold while you’re still dealing with a child who hasn’t learned how to use a toilet yet. You get the dog, the baby claps in delight when the dog arrives, and then the dog eats the baby. Everyone wins. At a recent party, a friend of a friend told me he thought I was in my 40s. I'm not. I'm only 35 with a baby face. I can't even grow facial hair yet because of my indigenous background. Full head of luscious, brown (no gray) hair. Even my dad, who is in his 60s, still looks like he is in his 50s. I know I've put on a few pounds and hard miles since my 20s, but still: are we all older looking than we think we are? Yes. I too had a baby face well into my 20s and early 30s, so I got to experience the thrill of being carded well after I had turned legal drinking age. It’s impossible to not bashfully gloat when that happens. “They asked me for my ID! LITTLE DID THEY KNOW MWAHAHAHAHA.” But there comes a point—and it’s not easily defined—when that stops and everyone knows that you’re middle-aged. Nobody cards me anymore, and yet I remain deluded that I look like a 14-year-old cherub. I see other parents my age and I think myself, “Wow, they look old! Not like me, baby! I GOT ALL MY HAIR!” But I very much look as old as all of those people. My graying temples and my hearing aids and cracked leg skin are a dead giveaway. If I went to a frat party right now, there would be an audible record scratch and the room would fall dead silent. Every kid would search me for a wire. I don’t know when this happened. I can theorize that it was right around 35 or so, but that’s just a guess. What I do know is that I went through some form of delayed puberty where my hair started sprouting out of my nostrils and my nipples dropped three inches downward. I also started carrying myself like someone my age, and that gave me away as surely as my appearance did. I did the dad stance. I looked lost even when I knew exactly where I was. I drove a minivan. I wore Asics. Anytime food arrived at a restaurant, I would say, “Yours looks terrific!” to someone else at the table. Young people don’t do any of that shit. There comes a point in life where you can’t hide who you are anymore. Unless you have Tom Brady’s plastic surgeon. Which common on-field athlete gesture would you eliminate if you could? The worst one has to be the holding up four fingers after the third quarter in football, right? Yes, we know it's the fourth quarter and you're going to try extra hard now, even though you're the Lions and are 3-9. Everyone has done this forever, and it's stupid. When I played football and the third quarter ended, oh you better believe I held those four fingers up. I’ve done it as a FAN, too. Yes it’s stupid, but who says that all stupid things are bad? The 4Q gesture is a cheap and easy way to get fired the fuck up for the end of the game, and that’s important when you’ve already played three quarters and are exhausted. By then, you’ll latch onto any way to boost your reserves, and if that means joining in with your teammates when they throw up the 4Q sign, then so be it. If it looks dumb to onlookers, that’s of no concern. All that matters is how that dumb gesture feels to YOU in the moment. Think about how dumb you look watching games. You yell at the TV and pump your fist and jump up and down like an asshole. But you don’t do that because you’re worried you’ll look like a fool. You do it because it’s fun. Same deal with a wideout signaling first down after a catch, or a golfer awkwardly high-fiving his caddie after a made putt, or an NBA player tagging hands with all of his teammates after he bricks a free throw. Thanks to the advent of the internet, everyone is more aware of how they look to everyone else than they used to be, and that’s not necessarily a good thing. It makes you more inhibited. You catch yourself. You’re more afraid of embarrassment. Your actions become more rehearsed than spontaneous. You feel like the worst thing that could possibly happen is looking like an idiot. But sometimes it feels fucking GREAT to look like an idiot. Ask anyone dancing at a wedding reception. Self-awareness has its limits. Do you think you could convincingly fake your own death and start over somewhere else? No because I’d tweet about it. “LOL I died. No one will know my new name is Bill Schmettly.” Over the course of your life, have you eaten more slices of pizza or more hot dogs? Yes, I am stoned right now, but I don’t see how that’s relevant. It’s not relevant. This is THE place for stoners to ask questions they might otherwise be hesitant to ask while lucid. You’re in safe company, Dave. Also my answer is pizza in a landslide. I eat four slices of pizza in a sitting, at a minimum. This is not true of hot dogs. Did you know I haven’t eaten a single hot dog this entire summer? Not one. Since my wife and kids don’t eat much red meat, that means that I don’t eat much red meat anymore either. I don’t resent them for it. It’s better for both my heart and my rectum to avoid any food with a casing. That said, I would fucking KILL for a hot dog right now. I don’t give a shit how it’s cooked. Steam it, grill it, make ceviche of it. I ain’t picky. For a prolonged stretch of my adolescence, my favorite food in the world was a chili dog. And you know what? It still might be my favorite food. Someone looked at a hot dog and was like, “You know what this sausage made of lips and assholes needs? A sauce made from MORE lips and assholes,” and they were RIGHT. A chili dog is mankind’s greatest achievement, and I don’t expect it to be topped anytime soon, except with maybe a squiggle of mustard. I remember you admitting you didn’t know how to drive a car with a manual transmission. When I went to high school in the early 80s, almost everyone knew how to drive a manual because a ton of cars still used them back then. And even if your family didn’t have a car with a manual, some of your friends definitely did, and being curious teenagers you forced your friends to teach you how to drive them also. Was it really that much different when you were in high school in the 90s? Surely a lot of your friends were still driving manuals at the time. You never asked them to teach you? Well, I went to prep school where no kid could drive for three-fourths of my high school career so my personal experience doesn’t count for much there. Even when I was a day student back in Minnesota, I went to the kind of affluent private school where every kid drove a Nissan Pathfinder that their parents gave them. No one was rolling up to The Blake School in an ’83 Datsun. I remember getting a ride home from swim practice once with some upperclassman I worshipped (NOTE: I worshipped all upperclassmen). He had a stick shift. I never had the balls to ask him if I could borrow his car to learn it. I just wanted him to buy me beer. He never did. The irony here is that my old man drove a stick shift all through my teenage years. He still has that car. He even taught my old brother how to drive it. But my older brother was a more responsible person than I was. There’s a reason he became a lawyer and I didn’t. So when it was my turn to learn how to drive stick shift, my dad gave me a lesson for approximately five minutes before going OK that’s enough and re-taking the wheel. After that, I never bothered to learn. This is for the best, because I sucked at shifting in Out Run. I can’t even imagine how badly I’d suck driving a real car with a manual transmission. Will I ever learn stick so I can become a real man? Probably not. The good news is that I never have to learn it if I don’t want to, because only one percent of new cars sold today are stick, and only 18 percent of Americans know how to drive them. You guys who can drive stick may think you’re practitioners of a lost and sacred art. I say I’d rather leap into a holly tree than drive stick in Beltway traffic. Besides, there’ll come a day when my grandkids don’t know how to drive whatsoever. They’ll hop into their Hondolets, push a button and FOOM! The car drives them to the store and back. And I’ll be on my front porch, waving my cane and saying to them, “In my day we had to have steering wheels! And sometimes the Bluetooth to the stereo wouldn’t work! YOU KIDS IS SPOILED ROTTEN YOU IS!” Can’t wait for that day to come. No one will suspect I’m 75 years old when I say all of that. (I’d like to learn stick one day, if only so I can get a blog post out of it.) Does a person need to know how to ride a bicycle in order to drive a motorcycle? They have to, right? When you learn to ride a bike, you’re essentially learning how to use forward momentum to keep yourself balanced on a single line of wheels. The physical principle is the same for a motorcycle or a scooter, only you break 56 more bones if you fall. But since I have never ridden any motorized two-wheel vehicle, I can’t know the answer to that. If you can ride a motorcycle but don’t know how to ride a bike, please do email us. I’d like to know your secrets. Every summer I go on vacation, I promise myself that’ll rent a little Vespa scooter so that I can toodle around nearby beach towns. I still haven’t done this, largely because my 10-year-old would immediately steal that Vespa and go joyriding with it. However, even though I’ve never ginned up the courage to do it, and even though I’m such a remedial driver that I can’t even drive stick, and even though I suffer from brain damage that would have any credible neurologist BEGGING me to stay away from motorcycles and scooters, I still wanna ride one someday. And I will. I’ve started riding regular bikes again and can’t get enough. I bet riding a Vespa like a little Italian man would be even more intoxicating. I’d ride my scooter to the local bakery and then stop at the next door over to have an afternoon cappuccino. It’d be the finest way to live. And then I’d get sideswiped by a milk truck. It’s mid-August and a woman in front of me at the grocery store bought a variety twelve-pack of pumpkin beers. Pumpkin beer is one of my favorites, but it’s way too early to get into the whole Halloween/Thanksgiving flavors. Is this creep crossing a line when we should be buying crisp summer brews, or do I need to start my fall beer collection now? I actually changed my mind on this two days ago. I used to bemoan holiday creep, the same way Greggggggg Easterbrook did in every TMQ column back when media outlets were willing to publish it. But you know what? I don’t care anymore. If there are pumpkin spice cookies on display at the grocery store right now—and there are—I don’t HAVE to buy them. So what does it matter if they’re there? And how would I stop them from going on sale anyway? I’m not a goddamn lobbyist. Also, I’m right at the point in August where I’m done with summer entirely. I don’t wanna go to the beach anymore. I don’t wanna go to the pool. I REALLY don’t wanna put on sunscreen every time I walk out the goddamn door. Even if the dew point refuses to cooperate, I’m plowing ahead and pretending that it’s fall anyway. And if the brands want to indirectly aid me in that effort by selling October products two months before the fact, they’re welcome to. Twenty years from now, it’ll be 100 degrees every day, everywhere, all year long. When that time comes, the seasons will strictly be states of mind. So I might as well get a head start and begin fall whenever I goddamn feel like it. Did I mention that college football starts this Saturday? And that my kids have to go back to school on Monday? FUCK AND YES, BABY. If I don’t see a single leaf turn between now and then, I don’t give a shit. Summer is over. Fall, the best of all seasons, starts right now. Because I want it to. No “White Christmas” when you’re in the on-deck circle, though. Lines must be drawn. Have you ever bobbed for apples? Would you again? Would you let your children go to a party featuring apple-bobbing? I have never bobbed for apples. Unlike having never ridden a motorcycle, I feel no remorse over this factoid. I can guarantee you that bobbing for apples is 0.0001% as fun as it looks, and it doesn’t even look that fun to begin with. Why am I waterboarding myself for something that isn’t even candy? Complete waste of time. Why not bob for my car insurance bill while I’m at it? And yes I’d let my kids go to a party and bob for apples. That’s their shitty night to have, not mine. Don’t forget to wear a mask, kids! After starting a blog a few months ago, I recently got a paying gig to write for a wrestling website. Before this, the only jobs I've ever had were ten years at an animal hospital and 15 as an auto mechanic. I find it incredibly difficult to stop doing things around the house and sit down to write. As a legitimate professional, got any advice on how to transition my brain into realizing that writing is real, legit work? Set a schedule, amigo. Make sure you have a dedicated space in your home to write, and then remand yourself there during working hours. That way, you’re training your brain to recognize when it’s time to write and when it’s not. That training isn’t instantaneous. You’re still gonna procrastinate by rummaging around the fridge and what not. But over time, it should take root. Besides, you wrote a blog before this, yeah? So you already know how to write well enough for others to notice, and you made time for it. Just approach writing for the new place like it’s your blog and you should ease into your new routine without much fuss. A lot of writers keep no schedule at all and write only when it’s like 3 a.m. But that’s how, at least in my experience, you end up resenting writing rather than enjoying it. And writing should always be fun, even if it’s a job. Beats gravedigging, or so I would imagine. How much worse than Dan Snyder could Dee Snider be as the owner of an NFL team? Not much, right? He’d be a better owner than Dan Snyder, because anyone would be. But that means nothing. The NFL already has many better owners than Dan Snyder, but many of those better owners are themselves fucking awful. So if Dee Snider bought the Commanders, their fans would be like, “Thank God!” And then a year later they’d be like, “Well this guy blows too what the fuck.” If you're a good-to-great punter, would you rather be on a shitty team where you ply your trade a ton, showing your value and increasing future pay and the length of your career, or be on a high-powered offense destined to make deep playoff runs and win championships, but you're rarely in the game? The latter. One of the most overused sports clichés is, “This guy don’t care about stats he only wants to WIN!” No shit, man. Most pro athletes prefer to win, especially role players like punters. More important, NFL coaches and execs don’t care how often you punt, but how well you do. Johnny Hekker is the best punter in the NFL, and perhaps the best punter in history. No one gives a shit that he punted 37 less times than Cameron Johnston did a season ago. The Panthers certainly didn’t give a shit when they signed Hekker for millions this offseason. The man has had a long and lucrative career without having to toil for shitty teams (unless you count, uh, his first five years with the Rams). Winning always pays. Email of the week! I took my family camping at a state park recently. This was the type of campsite where you pull the car right up to the campsite and there’s a gross bathroom about a half mile away from your campsite. We were all too lazy to walk there to unless we had to poop. There was a tree near our campsite that was the perfect size and in the perfect location to hide what you were doing. I found myself wondering how many people had peed on this particular tree. Clearly anyone camping at this site would be drawn to this tree to piss. I would guess the tree became a pee tree about 30 years ago. If I assume that the campsite is in use 30 weekends a year and that four people use the campsite on average, we're up to 3,600 people peeing on that tree. Is my number about right, too high, too low? If even half of those people drink as much beer as I do when I camp, that tree has been peed on roughly 100,000 times. It’s been peed on as many times as there are pillows in New York.
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Unskilled Farm Job in Canada for foreigners 2023 – Apply Now Farmers call for international workers to assist grow along with gather food for our tables when Canadians are reluctant or unavailable to look for ranch jobs. Seasonal paid workers comprise 53% of Canada’s paid agricultural labor force. On-farm farming has the highest possible job openings cost of any type of sector at 5.4 percent. They are indispensable to the Canadian farming and agri-food worth chain which employs 2.3 million Canadians throughout the nation, supplying risk-free as well as likewise lasting Canadian grown up fruit, veggies and additionally various other Canadian products for our supermarket shelfs, in addition to helping Canadian farmers feed the world. The chronic, along with important job shortage on Canadian ranches in addition to the equally advantageous collaboration between worldwide cattle ranch workers and also Canadian manufacturers, is incorrectly comprehended by the majority of Canadians. The Temporary Foreign Employee Program (TFWP) is controlled by really rigorous policies with 2 key farming streams for worldwide farm workers: the Seasonal Agricultural Staff Member Program (SAWP) and the Agricultural Stream. Unless defined, the facts listed here apply to all global farm workers and firms in both streams. Unskilled Ranch Work in Canada for immigrants Canada is one of the most significant farming suppliers as well as additionally merchants (rated 5th -worldwide in 2018), with more than 193,000 ranches and likewise 272,000 farm drivers (2016 ). This field has contributed as high as 48 billion CAD to national GDP in 2021 (contrasted to 40 billion in 2016). Additionally, farm sector cash holdings raised from 474 to 563 billion CAD in 5 ins 2015. Nowadays, 1 in 58 citizens belongs of the farm population. Farming jobs in Canada are satisfying along with rewarding, with a home profits of 82,000 vs 70,000 CAD for total work fields (2016 ). Canada needs experienced farmworkers of all levels to fill today job space that the market is encountering, which recommends that your opportunities to move to Canada as a farmworker simply grew. There are great deals of in-demand operate in Canada for immigrants, and farming market has high demand as well! This is why the Canadian government has in fact applied programs to urge well-informed worldwide workers in the agricultural industry ahead in to Canada. The migration to Canada treatment can be explained in 2 terms: Strenuous and also Organized. IRCC ministry (Movement, Evacuee and Citizenship Canada) checks its plan on the federal government degree. With those realities, a prospect needs to prepare himself prior to beginning his task according to these standard policies: Does he plan to go back to square one, help a long time or to open up an organization? What is the farming market along with kind of work in which he intends to function? Which provinces and programs meet his demand, in addition to is he qualified to request candidateship? If major migration websites claim to register alone via the entire procedure, reality shows its problem. Higher than typically, prospects get a rejection for various reasons: not enough or malfunctioning types, wrong records provided, misunderstanding the procedure timelines -to name a few. Candidates have to proceed one at a time: Inspect their eligibility for a program (which might not be the most suitable for one’s assumptions), afterwards move on to the second and so on. This method is not just time-wasting; it lacks one of the most important objective of immigration: to match one’s account and also requires to easily offered movement streams requirements and also deals. CanadaCIS fixes those oversights. We offer movement functioning as an expert as well as help based on many years of experience aiding people arrive to Canada. Our experts as well as additionally specialists are committed to leading you with every step of the trip. We will conserve plenty of your time so you can focus on several different other work when it worries a life’s project as movement. After opening your documents, our immigration professionals, as well as legal reps, will definitely establish your qualification analysis for all active migration programs as well as streams in parallel. In addition, you obtain notified as well as upgraded of all requirements requested and also programs primary treatments along with offers. We recommend you the greatest course for your trip. As soon as chosen, we manage its administrative part and also aid you records your CV, situate an ideal job, real estate, diplomas analysis to Canadian requirements, etymological programs along with much more. All our services are focused on only ensuring you dominate. When Canadians hesitate or otherwise readily available to obtain ranch job, farmers require worldwide workers to help gather and also increase food for our tables. Seasonal paid employees compose 53% of Canada’s paid agricultural workforce. Farm field money holdings boosted from 474 to 563 billion CAD in 5 ins 2015. Nowadays, 1 in 58 house owners belongs of the ranch populace. Farming jobs in Canada are satisfying along with gratifying, with a family members profits of 82,000 vs 70,000 CAD for total work markets (2016 ). Key Migration Programs for Ranch Personnel and also Agricultural Field Express Access System The Express Entrance System is a point-based system put according to the Comprehensive Position System (CRS) where candidates are racked up according to aspects such as their age, work experience, and likewise certifications. It is the key federal government migration program for skilled workers simply. It suggests that a candidate to this program need to have some job experience in top ranks of the National Career Group (NOC) such as managers in farming (NOC 0821), farming (0822 ), tank farming (0823 ), Ranch supervisors and likewise specialized animals employees (8252 ) Rural Nominee Program Among the greatest methods to arrive to Canada as a farmworker is via the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP). 11 out of Canada’s 13 areas as well as districts have their very own PNP, each with its very own collection of requirements, targeting a particular requirement in the area’s labour market. Each district has its extremely own collection of desired occupations as well as additionally farmworkers remain in need in a number of districts in territories. Rural Nominee Program makes it possible for streams at NOC C and also D level (it implies they accept work with lower diplomas) and these opportunities have actually been enhanced substantially just recently. Agrifood Pilot Program The Agri-Food Pilot is one more method to get here. It assists for the work needs of the Canadian agri-food market. The pilot gives a course to irreparable house for knowledgeable, non-seasonal employees particularly industries and also job. It will absolutely run till May 2023. Agri-Food Migration Pilot introduced is open to NOC C and likewise D line of work. Temporary Foreign Employee Program It’s a Work as well as likewise Social Advancement program (co-led with IRCC) in addition to the Key Farming Stream, that includes the Seasonal Agricultural laborer Program (restricted to workers from Mexico and additionally 11 Caribbean nations for seasonal work of about 8 months). Open likewise for NOC C and also D. Provincial Prospect Program permits streams at NOC C, in addition to D degree (it recommends they accept deal with reduced diplomas) and also these chances, have been improved dramatically in recent years. The pilot provides a path to the irreparable house for seasoned, non-seasonal workers in certain sectors and also careers. Agri-Food Migration Pilot released is open to NOC C as well as D line of work. Method Truths concerning International Employee Programs Federal government of Canada– Description as well as additionally information associating with all facets of the TFWP, including SAWP Federal government of Canada– Program Demands Consisting Of Real Estate Canadian Horticultural Council– Realities along with Technique Messages regarding International Ranch Workers Ontario Greenhouse Veggie Growers– Misunderstandings as well as Truths Relating To International Employee Programs F.A.R.M.S– Problems and Solutions on Seasonal Agricultural Laborer Program Reports and Evaluation on Foreign Staff Member Programs Impact of Ease Of Access to Foreign Employee on the Farming Market– This document exposes the financial impacts of Temporary Foreign Employees, and also considers the possible impacts of these employees not arriving in Canada. An Evaluation of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural laborer Program (SAWP)– This paper provides an evaluation on the SAWP program, which generates international workers to deal with Canadian ranches. Seminar Board of Canada: Growing the Seeds of Growth: Temporary Foreign Employees in Farming– This paper supplies a comprehensive check out the facets that demand the TFWP, as well as furthermore takes care of a few of among one of the most regular criticisms of the program, such as paying Canadians much more to work with farms along with finding mechanical options. Inter-American Institute for Team Effort in Farming: Tape-record on the Seasonal Farming Employee Program (SAWP)– This report explored the Seasonal Agricultural laborer Program on whether this program advantages the staff members, and also areas where the program could be improved. Agri-Food Economic Solutions: Impact of the Seasonal Agricultural Task Program in the Ontario Horticulture Field– This research study provided a financial analysis of the Seasonal Agricultural Laborer Program for the Ontario gardening market. Royal Financial Institution of Canada Farmer 4.0 Report– This record thinks about the future generation of farming from a selection of angles consisting of capacities growth, technological improvements as well as various other methods Canada has to aid alleviate a forecasted scarcity of 123,000 farming workers by 2030. College of Calgary: Grown In Your Location, Gathered Worldwide: The Duty of Temporary Foreign Employees in Canadian Agriculture– This record is a look at the role of Temporary Foreign Worker in Canadian agriculture in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. University of Calgary: Household Farmers to Foreign Area Hands: Lending Combination of Canadian Farming as well as likewise the Temporary Foreign Worker Program– This report information exactly just how generally, short-lived foreign employees changed unclear residential job instead of paid Canadian farm workers How to Discover a Task in Canada as a Farmer When it comes to uncovering a job, try the work search site first, so you get a clear picture of what type of tasks remain sought after in Canada today in the Cattle ranch as well as Agricultural field. (Beast, Canada-jobs and so are excellent selections for that). Social media network is an outstanding ways for immigrants to locate a job. This networking will absolutely help you discover company, celebrations as well as phone calls associated with Jobs in Canada so you can obtain precise options. You can speak to Employment service. They can rapidly supply you with work offers along with possibilities proper for your abilities. Below are some instances: – Regular Employment Recruiter. – Contingency Employment Agency. – Temporary (Temp) Firm. – Farmer often tending to a cow. You can promptly find farming work via on the net task search sites such as Certainly, Monster, or Craigslist. Keep in mind that discovering a task commonly makes the difference between migration authorization or no. Required as it is, it furthermore takes time and additionally power required for various other points to prepare when it concerns beginning a brand-new life in Canada. This is why most of our consumers request our assistance for that. CIS Canada has really gained the greatest experience to aid our customers locating a work over the past years. Our job recruitments experts are committed to helping you fully:. Discover your professional account as well as match it to improve your educational program vitae, according to Canadian standards. Look for lots of job that please your demands using our substantial network of Companies and also Work Agencies. Prepare our clients for Job interviews, especially Do’s as well as Do not’s. Aid employers with LMIA (Labour Market Impact Analysis) if required. You can talk to Work companies. They can promptly use you with work offers as well as chances perfect for your abilities. Discovering a work usually makes the distinction in between migration permission or no. Required as it is, it furthermore takes time and also power required for other indicate prepare when it concerns beginning a new life in Canada. CIS Canada has actually gotten the highest experience to help our clients finding a task over the previous years. Unskilled Farm Task in Canada for Foreigners: A Tipping Stone to a New Life Canada, renowned for its substantial expanses of farmland and thriving farming sector, invites foreigners with open arms. Unskilled ranch tasks provide a distinct possibility for individuals to submerse themselves in the Canadian culture while obtaining valuable job experience. These placements are optimal for those looking for experience, individual development, and also the possibility to add to Canada’s growing farming sector. Why Select an Unskilled Farm Job in Canada? 1. Impressive Landscapes and also Natural Elegance Canada flaunts a wealth of attractive landscapes that will leave you in awe. From the spectacular Rocky Mountains to the excellent lakes as well as rolling grassy fields, the country’s all-natural elegance is unparalleled. Servicing a ranch permits you to soak in these breathtaking views while participating in fulfilling and also meaningful job. 2. Social Immersion as well as Diversity Starting an unskilled ranch work in Canada enables you to immerse on your own in an abundant tapestry of societies. Canada is a modern nation, home to diverse neighborhoods from around the globe. Functioning together with local farmers and fellow worldwide employees provides you the possibility to create long lasting friendships as well as gain a much deeper understanding of different cultures. 3. Hands-On Knowing Experience Inexperienced farm tasks provide a hands-on learning experience that is both useful as well as fulfilling. Whether you’re collecting crops, having a tendency to animals, or preserving ranch devices, you’ll obtain useful skills that can be put on future undertakings. This sensible understanding establishes the foundation for personal and also specialist development. Q1: What are the requirements for an unskilled farm job in Canada for immigrants? A1: To deal with a farm in Canada as an immigrant, you will typically require a valid job permit or visa. The certain demands may vary relying on your native land and also the duration of your remain. It is recommended to get in touch with the main website of the Federal government of Canada or get in touch with the local Canadian embassy or consulate for accurate and also current details. Q2: Are inexperienced ranch jobs physically requiring? A2: Yes, inexperienced ranch jobs can be physically requiring. They typically need manual work as well as involve tasks such as lifting hefty items, bending, and also working in numerous climate condition. It is vital to remain in great physical wellness and also gotten ready for the physical demands of the job. Q3: How long can I deal with a farm in Canada as a foreigner? A3: The period of your stay as well as work with a ranch in Canada will certainly rely on the sort of work permit or visa you have. Some permits may allow you to work for a specific period, while others might be extra adaptable. It is vital to familiarize yourself with the terms of your job permit to make certain compliance with Canadian immigration regulations. Q4: Are inexperienced ranch tasks well-paid? A4: The reimbursement for unskilled farm tasks can vary relying on factors such as the type of work, area, and employer. While some settings may offer affordable earnings, others may supply minimum wage or hourly rates. It is a good idea to research study and contrast different possibilities to discover the best fit for your financial goals. Q5: Can unskilled ranch jobs cause long-term residency in Canada? A5: Unskilled farm tasks alone do not ensure long-term residency in Canada. Nonetheless, getting work experience in the farming field can contribute to your overall qualification for sure immigration programs. Canada supplies various pathways for people seeking to come to be irreversible locals, and also job experience in the farming market can be a valuable possession in this procedure. Q6: Exactly how can I discover inexperienced ranch work possibilities in Canada? A6: There are several opportunities to check out when searching for inexperienced ranch job chances in Canada. On-line work boards, agricultural associations, and also farm employment firms are outstanding sources to get in touch with possible employers. Additionally, networking within the neighborhood farming area or attending agricultural job fairs can raise your possibilities of discovering ideal employment. Embarking on an unskilled ranch job in Canada as an immigrant opens doors to brand-new experiences, personal growth, as well as the opportunity to contribute to Canada’s growing agricultural sector. From the magnificent landscapes to the social immersion, working on a farm gives an unique mix of experience and also satisfaction. So, seize the opportunity as well as take the first step towards an enriching journey in the Canadian farming industry. APPLY NOW.
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CALIFORNIA ELOPEMENT PHOTOGRAPHERS Food Portfolio / Portfolio. Besides 8K/60p and 4K slow mo at 120fps, it serves up sharp oversampled 4K video, together with lengthy 125 minute recording times and reliable Eye AF tracking. But for photography, it’s an excellent – if pricey – option. This is why we are more than just your photographers, we tend to work our asses of way before we meet you on your elopement day. Of course the best thing about maternity photography is that I get to shoot the resultant newborn shoots and then onto family shoots, it’s such a joy for me to watch the children grow up and to form a relationship with the families. By showcasing beautiful images of healthy, sustainably sourced foods, a food photographer can help to inspire people to make healthier choices and support local farmers and producers. C and C, Eloped in The Pacific Northwest. Join clubs of photographers in your area, register to professional associations, and don’t neglect photo groups on Facebook and other social media outlets. I’d rather you spend that time enjoying your wedding with your guests. Don’t be afraid to tell people you’ll be sharing photos from the event, which they can tag themselves in and share. Like any other artistic craft, photography takes practice, practice, and more practice. I was awarded Master Photography status in Maternity and child portraiture in 2020 and am expanding my studio experience every year. The question is: Is Vivian Maier one of the many female figures in art history whose work remained unjustifiably undiscovered during her lifetime – or is she nothing more than a conventional leisure photographer. With a growing collection of albeit pricey RF lenses, the Canon EOS R5 is the next gen mirrorless camera that pro photographers have been waiting for. Partners will hire you for your ability to work fast and intuitively, in some sort of symbiosis. My home studio is small. Or even your own website. Family sessions have really stolen my heart. Running around in a beautiful dress, showing off my curves and having those images now means the world to me. For additional information on why there’s a range in cost, check out our blog post “How Much Does It Cost To Elope. I get it, we’re a few years past 2020, but COVID 19 is still very real. If your salary is higher than both of the average and the median then you are doing very well. Sharon Wai Photography. Seniors will want to show off their amazing photographs on their phones to all their friends, so having digital options ready will show them you’ve thought of every aspect of their experience. The better they get to know you, the more you’ll build a name for yourself. Later, she became known above all for her expressive portraits of famous people. 7 Germaine Krull: An International And Eclectic Female Photographer She studied in Madrid and Paris and turned to photography because she had no talent for writing. Sure, it’s niche and certainly not cheap, but there’s nothing else quite like it. “Super excited to see where this ends up. We are beyond pleased with the end results and look forward to working with you again”. Which ones will your ideal senior clients be using. It’s a convenient solution you should really consider. Nude Pregnancy Portraits. These figures bear witness to a major issue: calling on a professional photographer is essential to help your accommodation take off on the platform. “How I LOVE what Pixieset has done for the ease of my business. Goldin’s photographs, mostly personal, honest and blunt portraits, show parts of the New York subculture and depict Nan Goldin’s environment of transsexuals, gays, lesbians and other people in 1980s New York. Every pregnancy is unique and I love hearing your stories, your experience, birth plans and what it took to get here. Family Photographer London, Family portrait Photographer Ealing West London. We’ll share a Pinterest Board to collaborate on styling ideas. Deciding which camera system, including lenses, is the best for you is often better than choosing a camera in isolation. To get more of these types of offers, you’ll need to do some networking. LinkedIn and 3rd parties use essential and non essential cookies to provide, secure, analyze and improve our Services, and to show you relevant ads including professional and job ads on and off LinkedIn. LENA MIRISOLA PHOTOGRAPHYvia Twitter. From Studio Maternity Photography to outdoor Family Photography. My retainers are 30% of the total package cost and covers your date, helping you with planning and timeline creation, and includes your engagement session. Pregnancy Photographer London. We did not get to properly hug and kiss him at our elopement but we cannot wait for the day we return to Washington to give him the proper love and thanks he deserves. As a photography business owner, you need to be super smart about how you market yourself to a client. In the 1970s, she made a name for herself as chief photographer for the music magazine Rolling Stone. This is a common question that I find on a variety of blogs regarding wedding photographers. 5 mile hike with you. Our customers earn on average € 32 / year. My candid and emotive photography captures your family authentically, so you can cherish these priceless memories forever. Here is a list of the most prestigious photo contests – but there are dozens more for every genre, simply be curious and have a quick look on Google. Let’s Go A Travelling! You can request a quote from this business. 72% of surveyed staff reported that they haven’t received any bonuses or incentives in the previous year while 28% said that they received at least one form of monetary bonus. Equipped with a new 33MP sensor that’s solid for both stills and video, it’s a compelling mirrorless option for hybrid shooters. On average, elopements cost anywhere from $5,000 to $20,000 though you can legally get married for as little as $50 $200. Also from the diagram, 75% of Photographers are earning less than 2,240 EUR while 25% are earning more than 2,240 EUR. She continued to experiment with architectural interiors and flowers. You also get an extra UHS II card slot, which joins the existing XQD/CFexpress slot, and a firmware update has delivered a new 4K/60p video mode. Salaried employees are usually exempt from overtime as opposed to hourly paid staff. Or taking a couple of friends to the city for a weekend adventure. “I just started using @PixiesetApp and I’m STOKED. Thousands of active photographers populate them with offers to collaborate, often in a last minute mode. Just like actors, having a supporting role can be a very rewarding option. You also get an extra UHS II card slot, which joins the existing XQD/CFexpress slot, and a firmware update has delivered a new 4K/60p video mode. The reason is quite simple: it is easier to quantify your value to the company in monetary terms when you participate in revenue generation. She was the first to take images of Kate Moss in her teens. Some of our fav adventures with my rad dudes <3. She left the business as she portrayed other photojournalists as vultures. Headshot Photographer. From a model who wants to remove those slight imperfections, to a hotel owner who needs their resort to look a little more sunny, many people would pay to get their photos retouched. It's physical and can be exhausting, but there's good money to be made. While Imogen Cunningham did not allow herself to be distracted by this from the atmospheric photography of naked bodies, her style changed over time towards the new objectivity. Family Photographer London Ferguson Plarre Pastie Lunch Time 50’s. Note: If you want to know how to become a National Geographic photographer, then spend time learning how to shoot the sharp nature photos that National Geographic publishes. Especially if you can swing it so they’re traveling without their parents in tow. Rather, we document moments, details, and stories. They want you to pay the bills that have been sleeping in your mailbox for the past couple of months. Or even your own website. This is why we are more than just your photographers, we tend to work our asses of way before we meet you on your elopement day. It doesn’t have all the features of a premium model, but its compact build and modern autofocus abilities make it the best beginner camera you can buy. C and C, Eloped in The Pacific Northwest. The most standard form of bonus where the employee is awarded based on their exceptional performance. Choosing the right outfit for your pregnancy photoshoot may seem like a daunting task. I’ve heard of cases where the amount of images or the feedback rounds were not discussed in advance which led the project to last for weeks on end and just exhausting both parties. If you are looking for fun, beautiful, boho inspired Maternity Photography in Brisbane, Sunshine Coast, or surrounding areas then I would be honoured to welcome you to the family. Don’t forget to add the Wix Bookings app on your website, so you won’t have to deal with the reservations and payments. Bring out the blue skies that are hidden in your photos with one slider. However, a solid photography education can certainly help you to get your foot in the door when you first start out in your career, mostly because it will teach you about all the technical aspects of photography that you will eventually need to know about. The useful Guide mode is there to walk beginners through creating effects like a blurred background, while the Nikon DX system has a vast array of lenses. Photographer salaries in Italy range from 1,130 EUR per month starting salary to 3,320 EUR per month maximum salary. It’s a convenient solution you should really consider. Equipped with a new 33MP sensor that’s solid for both stills and video, it’s a compelling mirrorless option for hybrid shooters. Family Portrait Studio. I can’t wait for him to capture more precious moments in the future. Find out more about me here. Party Bike Rentals Francesca Woodman had a short life. These are the best photographers that offer family portrait photography in Indianapolis, IN. Food Portfolio / Portfolio. Sherman shoots alone in her studio. In my home studio, I’ll create the bank of beautiful, high quality photos that you need to showcase, sell and promote your products. Not all compensation increases are reflected directly in the salary. The Canon EOS R6 also offers faster burst speeds for a similar price. Add additional costs based on speciality and / or experience. You receive them in high resolution for print use and low resolution for web use. Other features to look out for are viewfinders electronic or optical, which are considered essential by most photographers, and handling. My clients understand the importance of creating a record of their growing family, and they are looking for a family photographer who can continue to cover their growing family, not only giving them that record but creating tasteful and elegant portraiture that they’ll be proud to put on their walls. You can sometimes buy older camera models or lenses at a discount or find second hand equipment in top condition. Ultimately, getting senior portrait clients takes time and effort, just like any other photography business. Yet despite these drawbacks, the X2D is right up there with our favorite medium format cameras, and one to get with that winning lottery ticket. Pixieset has fast become my absolute favorite way to share photos with my clients. FAQOur blogAirbnb linenAirbnb cleaningLegal noticesManufacturing Concierge Cannes. I think it’s a subject so little discussed and many would benefit knowing more about the rates and what they’re based on. But they could be sharper and have more depth with the right preparation. Equally, full frame cameras are less travel friendly due to the size of their sensors. Please do read the FAQ on the studio maternity shoots page for a bit more info or you can go ahead and make a booking here. But the question isn’t necessarily that simple. With Le Cordon Bleu Online Learning, you can now shoot professional images as they offer 10 Week Instructor Led online course to take your food photography skills to the next level. Become a stock photographer now. It’s a good idea to make shooting pictures a regular ideally, daily part of your practice—even if it’s not for a specific project. He captured moments we couldn’t have imagined in our best dreams, he catches the emotions of everyone in the frame, and he absolutely LOVES what he does and it shows in his work. LGBTQ friendly BIPOC Inclusive All skin colors and body sizes are welcomed. That’s pretty awesome, isn’t it. It’s consistent and it’s FREE. A Priceless Heirloom And your previous clients will love being made “Pinterest worthy,” so they’ll share their images with everyone. When you order deliverable services such as photos, it’s crucial that you know your deliverables are coming back in a timely fashion. Make your images on your posts pinnable, and create a graphic for Pinterest advertising your post so you’ll be found by seniors looking for inspiration. She worked on assignments for Vogue, among others. And remember, however much money you spend on your wedding/elopement day doesn’t say anything about who you are or what your values are. See book Disavowals: or cancelled confessions Cindy Sherman later used photography for her own purposes in a similarly subversive way. She documented her own struggles after being diagnosed with a brain tumour, which she died from. And of course, you can rest assured that our recommendations come from good time testing each of these cameras. We know some people really dislike blogging. Many people pursue higher education as a tactic to switch into a higher paying job. The person who helps you from the beginning will guide you through the whole process in order to make sure we get to know you in order to capture the real you. There are some senior portrait photographers who don’t even need paid advertising anymore. Some companies offer upgraded packages to their staff instead of cash money. But it’s a great one to market your senior portrait business. On a daily basis, photographers take photos in different environments to record events and tell stories with their images. In order for you to make a knowledgeble decision in the future, I will go through different types of pricing and what other professional photographers approximately charge in Europe. Marketing your business to a wide audience from the comfort of your office is always going to be a winner. Chatham Arch, Indianapolis, In. These types of bonuses are given without a reason and usually resemble an appreciation token. From the very first time we reached out to him he made it very easy and comfortable to talk to him about how we wanted our special day to look like. More and more individuals rent their apartments for short periods. Convenient, flexible, time saving and an easy way to increase your sales. Additional costs might also be the upkeep of a Wetransfer Pro I love sending my files through them, cloud storage or editing software such as Adobe. Fountain Square, Indianapolis, In. A quick Google search and you can see that in the past 2 3 years, eloping overall has gotten more popular yay and especially in the West Coast states like California. Once we booked Henry he was never more than an email, text, or video call away. Browse the best sellers on various sites in order to see what’s currently working. In this pricing guide you will learn. “I have firsthand experience with this dishonest boudoir photographer. We are and were very blessed to find him and have him grace us with his passion and creativity for photography. Francesca Woodman had a short life. Responds in about 10 hours. Like the social media superstar and proud Wix user Albert Dros, entice your readers with a complete description of the package offered in a professional yet casual way, and add a few images to show what they can expect to see. The photos Henry captured are like a time capsule that take us right back to the moments and feelings of our elopement. Tell us what speaks to your heart and we can help you find the perfect place to elope: A Frame Cabin. Teens are loyal to those brands they identify with. Henry’s heart sets him apart from the rest. This is why I believe in maternity shoots, they are the most elegant way to commemorate such an important time in your life. The base salary for Photographer in Italy is ranges from 1,630 EUR to 2,240 EUR. By doing everything for you, Wix Bookings will save you precious hours, for you to do even more workshops. “You have to put the work in to see results. This can be anything from a portrait, commercial or even a wedding if you’d like. Make sure you’re posting high quality, professional photographs, okay. A 50% deposit is payable before the shoot. Today, she focuses on single portraits and often turns them into series. Henry is an infinitely talented photographer and an even more generous, kind, and warm human being. I delivered a few galleries today and really felt like this was a major “wow” factor. Having a fixed number of seniors apply to model for you on the basis that they’re going to get you bookings will build up your visibility. ” Bogdan Manta MCI Group Netherlands. Baby First Birthday Party Venues. Good, because a lot of small businesses desperately need a website and don’t feel confident enough to make it themselves. PieSociety Meatless Cottage Poker Games Night. Money, money, money: Efficiency should be the second name of an assistant photographer. For a long time, wedding photography was considered the most lucrative area photographers could earn their cash. But that would be underestimating the power of photos: like everywhere on the internet, the photo is the first glimpse that the future tenant of the accommodation has. How do you find them. While it’s extremely difficult to break into wildlife photography and start earning a liveable wage, it’s still possible to make money with your animal snaps. You can also send any props that you would like included in your photos. Will you be buying or renting your equipment. My Pregnancy shoots are taken in my west London studio and I will provide all the materials etc to create amazing outfits to flatter your pregnant body. The American female photographer Lee Miller was initially successful as a model for the fashion magazine Vogue before moving to Paris, where she joined the Surrealists and developed new photographic techniques with Man Ray. Your photos of the sunrise are going to be beautiful no matter what. Wildlife shots can also look great in the house either hanging up on a wall either as a canvas or even as a full bleed poster in your bedroom. The portrait of a migrant worker and her children was part of a documentary series printed in the San Francisco News in 1936. We chose an intimate wedding. “During our three day Annual Meeting event in Amsterdam we were impressed with your friendly attitude and professionalism, as you captured the special atmosphere of the days whilst remaining unobtrusive” Alisa Muensterberg ZDHC Programme. Children and Family Photographer. Let us know in the comments below. Whether you prefer an elegant, glamourous look or a stunning boho inspired feel, I have you covered. I continually strive to deliver images beyond your expectations. You can read more about Bursting Elopement Myths: 6 Misconceptions About Modern Elopements to learn more. What can do that more than traveling. Especially if you can swing it so they’re traveling without their parents in tow. Graduation Photography. This is a very rough estimate and your experience and education will play a very huge part into your final earnings. Almost daily she documented her life with a camera and produced a huge number of black and white photographs. But be aware – start raising your prices immediately when you notice you are being booked more and your expertise starts to take off. I photograph businesses throughout the UK but the majority of my branding and headshot photography work is in Croydon, London, Surrey, Kent and the South East. Following Sony’s fantastic A7 III was never going to be easy, but the A7 IV is a worthy successor. You can start creating an online photography portfolio with a website template, and there are even themes specifically designed for photographers. The average turnaround is two weeks from the date of the shoot to the delivery of the final images. I typically deliver 50 100 photos per hour, but I do not limit myself to a specific number. On the other hand, you have Wix on your site sorry, your side that enables you to easily create sophisticated outlets – even if you don’t hold a Master’s in coding or web design. Here are some examples on how you can specialize. Hi, we are Henry and Sergio, your California Elopement Photographers. Especially when you’re marketing to impatient seniors. 3fps, and even with speed enhancements, its autofocus still lags far behind the latest mirrorless models. She began with architectural and commercial photography and then moved on to photojournalism. By Alexandra KargBA Art History and LiteratureHey. A food photographer must use their skills to create a photograph that looks as good as it tastes. You’re more likely to build a strong connection with them by doing this than if you try moving them to email. Know your plus points inside out and share them in everything you say and do. It’s not been easy to curate this guide because there are so many incredible options out there, but we’ve put together options for all levels and our top picks for particular kinds of photography. Fresca Green Pea Chilli and Pancetta Pizza. Turnaround time is usually seven days from the date of the shoot. I am not into massive showy elaborate maternity portraits and neither am I going to make you look like a different person completely. He really was able to tell the story of the entire day through his pictures of us. Their main benefit now is value for money – their lack of an electronic viewfinder means they’re usually cheaper than mirrorless equivalents, and their maturity means they have a wide range of affordable lenses. Henry Tieu Photography, LLC Intimate Wedding + Adventure Elopement + Engagement Photographer. J and C, Eloped at Yosemite National Park. There is no short review for this. The person who helps you from the beginning will guide you through the whole process in order to make sure we get to know you in order to capture the real you. You deserve this, your body is incredible and a maternity shoot is a celebration of exactly that. Get gigs as an assistant photographer. Nan Goldin, who was born in Washington D.
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Last updated: March 2, 2023 The Services are powered and hosted by GMT. During your registration on the Site or opening an Account, you are registering with GMT. An “Account” means a unique login to the Site, the App or other platform provided by GMT though which you may access the Services. The Site may be hosted or operated by an Agent. Agent assists us in supplying our Services. Agent may, separately, supply you with other services governed by separate terms and policies (each a “Third Party Servicer Agreement”). We are not party to Third Party Servicer Agreements or their related privacy policies that form part of them and we are not liable for the acts of Third Party Servicers that are not also acting as Agents for the activity in question. 2. INFORMATION WE COLLECT We collect personal information about you from a variety of sources in the course of providing the Services. Personal information is any information or data relating to you that may be used to identify you, either directly or indirectly, or to contact you. Personal information we collect about you and the sources of such personal information include the following: We collect personal information directly from you when you express an interest in obtaining information about us or the Services, when interact with the Site, or when you contact us. The personal information that we collect depends on the context of your interactions with us and the Site, the choices you make, and the products and features you use. The personal information we collect may include but is not limited to the following: - Your name; phone numbers; email addresses; mailing or residential addresses; job titles; usernames; passwords; billing addresses; contact or authentication data; contact preferences; debit/credit card numbers; source of funds (description of document); copy of identification (document); unique governmental identification number; IP address; place of birth; date of birth; and beneficiary’s information (full name, address, and country; bank, bank code, account number and account type). We collect personal information when you submit personal information on applications or other forms to us or our Agents, including in connection with sending and receiving money transfers, through your enrollment and participation in loyalty programs, and when you provide additional information that we may reasonably request for fraud prevention purposes. In case your mode of payment is ACH Pull, we collect information relating to your bank accounts such as account number and routing number which are obtained during the process of your bank account verification. Such bank account verification is completed by GMT using the services of its third party partners or vendors. We collect information about your transactions with us, including transaction history, frequency of use, amounts transferred, origin currency, original payment method, destination currency, service type, net amount, fees, exchange rate and receiving amount. In connection with identity verification, fraud prevention and similar security purposes, we collect and/or confirm certain identity-related information, financial background and similar information through third party sources such as our business customers, government agencies and consumer reporting agencies. We collect information regarding your online activity as described in the section below titled “Internet Technology”. We may collect personal information otherwise with your consent or as permitted or required by law. 3. HOW WE USE PERSONAL INFORMATION We use personal information to provide the Services, and for the following purposes: - 3.1. A lot of the information we collect is collected by our Agent on our behalf, so Agents will often collect, store and provide to us all information you provide. We may also use an Agent to deliver information to you, such as transaction information and receipts. - 3.2. Authorizing and processing your transactions, including effecting and administering money transfers and payments and ensuring proper payment to the designated recipient of funds. - 3.3. Collecting amounts owing to us, and otherwise enforcing and collecting on your Accounts or agreements with us. - 3.4. Meeting legal, regulatory, risk management, fraud prevention and security requirements, which may include (among other measures) verifying the identity of the sender and recipient of funds and checking identities against money laundering, terrorist financing or similar watch lists established by regulatory agencies or similar bodies in the United States or in other countries. For identity verification purposes, senders and recipients of money transfers or payments may be required to produce valid identification (or consent to verification by other means) before releasing funds. - 3.5. For marketing and promotional purposes, unless you “opt out” or withdraw consent, as described in the section entitled “Offers, Promotions and Opting Out” below. - 3.6. Maintaining business and transaction records for reasonable or required periods of time, and generally managing and administering our business. - 3.7. In connection with certain business transactions relating to GMT, its business or assets, as further described in the section entitled “Information We Disclose” below. - 3.8. Meeting insurance, audit and processing requirements. - 3.9. Otherwise with your consent or as permitted or required by law. 4. INFORMATION WE DISCLOSE We may disclose your personal information to our Agents, Partners (as defined below) and to unaffiliated third parties as follows: - 4.1. To Provide Services. In order to provide the services, we may disclose personal information to the recipient of a money transfer or payment, to our Agents, Partners (each “Partner” being any third party service providers engaged by GMT that assists in the provision of the Services including but not limited to, Agent and any correspondent agents of GMT), and, if applicable, and any intermediary banks or other financial institutions or financial services companies involved in the transaction or our Services. - 4.2. To Business Partners. Some of our services or programs that you participate in are provided jointly with other third-party business partners, and certain personal information may be disclosed to these third-party businesses for the purpose of administering the service or program. - 4.3. For Marketing Purposes. We may disclose personal information to third parties for marketing and promotional purposes, unless you “opt-out” or withdraw consent to this disclosure, as described in the section entitled “Offers, Promotions and Opting Out” below. - 4.4. To Third Party Service Providers. We may transfer personal information to Agents, Partners, vendors or third party service providers, and affiliates of GMT that perform services on our behalf, for example, marketing, information technology, payment processing, data analysis, and/or data hosting, email delivery, and customer service. Some of these third party service providers may be located outside of the United States, and your personal information may be collected, used, disclosed, stored, and processed in or outside of the United States. In the Agreement, these third parties are referred to as Third Party Servicers or Partners. We take reasonable measures to ensure that personal information that may be processed by these third party service providers on our behalf is protected and not used or disclosed for purposes other than as directed by us, subject to legal requirements in the United States and other foreign countries. We may allow selected third parties to use tracking technology on the Site, which will enable them to collect data on our behalf about how you interact with our Site over time. This information may be used to among other things, analyze and track data, determine the popularity of certain content, pages or features, and better understand online activity. Unless described in this notice, we do not share, sell, rent or trade any of your information with third parties for their promotional purposes. - 4.6. Business Transactions. Your personal information may be used by us and disclosed to third parties connected with financing, securitization, insuring, sale, assignment, or other disposals of all or part of our business or assets (including, for example, your Account with us). - 4.8. Legal, Regulatory. We may disclose your personal information as necessary to meet legal, regulatory, insurance, audit, and security requirements, and as otherwise with your consent or as permitted or required by law (including applicable United States and foreign laws). This may include lawful requirements to disclose personal information to government authorities in the United States and in foreign countries, for example disclosures in compliance with suspicious activity reporting requirements under anti-terrorism, anti-money laundering and similar laws and regulations in the United States or in foreign countries. 5. OFFERS, PROMOTIONS AND OPTING OUT We may use your personal information and information about your use of the Services for marketing and solicitation purposes. This may include sending you offers, promotions or information about additional products and services that may be of interest to you. In addition, we may disclose your contact information to third parties so that they may provide information about their products and services that may interest you. These third parties may include, as examples: - 5.1. Agents - 5.2. Affiliates - 5.3. Financial services companies, such as banks, credit card companies, brokerage houses, mortgage lenders and mortgage originators - 5.4. Non-financial companies such as retailers, home furnishers, clothing stores, catalogue companies, florists, direct marketers, telephone companies, airlines, publishers and other providers of goods and services. You may “opt out” or withdraw consent to the use and/or disclosure of your personal information for the purposes described in this section at any time by checking the appropriate box on an online or offline form, if available, or by contacting us as described in “Contact Us” below. If you do not “opt out” or withdraw your consent as described above, we will assume that you consent to our use and disclosure of your personal information for marketing and solicitation purposes as described in this section. 6. DELETION OF ACCOUNT Upon your request for deletion of your Account or the personal information that we hold, we will process the request and delete your Account along with all of your records and personal information. In accordance with Federal and State regulations pertaining to money transfers, we will retain your records in archive for as long as necessary to adhere with our record keeping obligations. We will only utilize the archive for limited purposes such as to fulfil our regulatory obligations or to adhere to any request from a regulatory body having jurisdiction over our activities. 7. ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION In addition, when you visit or use the Site, we collect information about the domain and host from which you access the Internet; your computer’s Internet address; the browser and operating system software you use; the date and time you access this Site and the Internet address of the site from which you linked to this Site when you visit us. We use this information to diagnose, administer and optimize this Site and web-related services. When registering or creating an Account with us, we collect your password, login name and other information we may request in order to identify you, maintain security of this Site and verify and control access to your Account or online profile. If you make inquiries through the e-mail links, forms or other contact methods provided on this Site, these inquiries are forwarded to the relevant office or department, and are used to respond to your inquiry and maintain a record of correspondence. We use Internet technologies like cookies and web beacons to facilitate the services we provide on this Web site and your use of this Web sites, including: - 7.1 To assist us in providing services to you; - 7.2. To allow you to navigate the Site during your visit without having to re-enter your password; - 7.3. To store your preferences and other information and to track activity on our website; - 7.4. To better understand the effectiveness of our promotional campaigns; - 7.5. To determine whether you came to our site from a banner ad or an affiliate website; - 7.6. To deliver Information specific to your interests on additional websites; and - 7.7. To determine whether you’ve acted on our promotional messages 8. CHILDREN’S PRIVACY 9. EXTERNAL SITES This Site may be linked to or from third party websites. These links are provided as a convenience only, and this website is not responsible for the content or privacy practices of Sites that are linked to or from this Site. You are advised to review the privacy policies of any third party websites you visit as GMT is not responsible for such third-party services. 10. YOUR CONSENT Consent to the collection, use and disclosure of personal information may be given in various ways. Consent can be express (for example, orally, electronically or on a form you may sign describing the intended uses and disclosures of personal information) or implied (for example, when you provide information necessary for a service you have requested). You may provide your consent in some circumstances where notice has been provided to you about our intentions with respect to your personal information and you have not withdrawn your consent for an identified purpose, such as by using an “opt out” option provided, if any. Consent may be given by your authorized representative (such as a legal guardian or a person having a power of attorney). We may also be required or permitted under applicable law to collect, use or disclose personal information without your consent, for example to comply with a court order, to comply with local or federal regulations or a legally permitted inquiry by a government agency, or to collect a debt owed to us. 11. CONFIDENTIALITY AND SECURITY We endeavor to maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards to protect personal information against loss or theft, as well as unauthorized access, disclosure, copying, use or modification. Authorized employees, Agents, Partners, representatives and mandataries that require access to your personal information in order to fulfill their job requirements will have access to your personal information. No data transmission over the Internet or the telephone can be guaranteed to be perfectly secure, and any personal information you submit to us or access electronically or over the telephone is done at your own risk, and this website does not guarantee or warrant the security of information transmitted in these manners. You should be aware that third parties may unlawfully intercept your transmissions or may wrongly instruct you to disclose personal information to them while posing as this website and you should exercise caution when providing personal information to any person. Our record retention policies dictate that we maintain information about you, including your opt-out choices, for a fixed time period. If you do not perform another transaction during the fixed time period, your Information, as well as your opt-out choice will be removed. If you perform another transaction or otherwise provide us with personal information thereafter, you will be afforded another opportunity to opt-out. 12. HOW LONG DO WE KEEP YOUR INFORMATION? When we have no ongoing legitimate business need to process or store your personal information, we will either delete or anonymize such information, or, if this is not possible (for example, because your personal information has been stored in backup archives), then we will securely store your personal information and isolate it from any further processing until deletion is possible. 13. ACCESS AND CORRECTION Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing. We may share your personal information for our everyday business purposes, such as to process your transactions, maintain your Account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus. We may also share personal information as stated above in the section entitled “Information We Disclose.” You may not limit sharing of this information. Certain states may have additional rights. 15. CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS HAVE SPECIFIC PRIVACY RIGHTS If you are a resident of California, you are granted specific rights regarding access to your personal information. While the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (“CCPA”) generally applies to Personal Information that identifies, relates to, or could reasonably be linked with a particular California resident, it may not apply to certain Personal Information that is subject to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLBA”). GMT is subject to GLBA as a provider of money transfer services, as such certain Personal Information will not be subject to CCPA. For California residents, personal information not subject to GLBA may be subject to CCPA rights as outlined below. - 15.1. Right to know and access personal information You may submit a verifiable request to be informed about the (1) categories of personal information collected, sold, or disclosed by us, (2) purposes for which categories of personal information are collected or sold by us, (3) categories of sources from which we collect personal information, (4) categories of third parties with whom we disclosed or sold personal information, and (5) specific pieces of personal information that we collected about you during the prior twelve months. - 115.2. Right to request deletion of personal information Subject to certain exceptions, you may submit a verifiable request that we delete the personal information about you that we collected from you. Once we receive your request, we will let you know what, if any, personal information we can delete from our records, and we will direct any service providers with whom we shared your personal information to also delete your personal information from their records. There may be circumstances where we cannot delete your personal information or direct service providers to delete your personal information from their records. Some of these instances include, but are not limited to, if we need to: (1) retain your personal information to complete a transaction, provide a good or service, fulfill the terms of a written warranty, or to perform under a contract between us; (2) detect security incidents, protect against malicious, deceptive, fraudulent, or illegal activity, or prosecute those responsible for that activity; and (3) comply with the law. - 15.3. Verification You have the right to opt-out of the sale of your personal information. - 15.4. Right to opt-out of the sale of personal information You have the right to opt-out of the sale of your personal information. - 15.5. Right to equal service and price You have the right not to receive discriminatory treatment by a business for the exercise of your CCPA privacy rights, subject to certain limitations. - 15.6. Right to initiate a private cause of action You have the right, if certain parts of your personal information are part of a data security breach, to initiate a private cause of action. - 15.7. Right to correct inaccurate personal information If you believe that the personal information we have about you is incorrect, you may submit a request for such personal information to be corrected. We shall use commercially reasonable efforts to correct the personal information we hold about you. - 15.8. Right to limit use and disclosure of sensitive personal information You have the right to limit our use of sensitive personal information (“SPI”) to what is necessary or reasonably expected of us in order to perform the Services. If we use SPI beyond what is necessary to provide the Services, we shall provide you notice of the additional purposes for our use of SPI and remind you of your right to request that we limit the use of the SPI. SPI is a subset of personal information that reveals (i) your social security number, driver’s license number, state identification card or passport number; (ii) your Account log-in, financial account information, debit or credit card number in combination with any password or access code to grant access; (iii) your precise geolocation; (iv) your racial or ethnic origin, religious or philosophical beliefs, or union membership; (v) the content of your mail, email or text messages unless we are the intended recipient of said communications; and (vi) your genetic data. - 15.9. Submit requests - 15.10. Authorizing an agent - 15.11. Do not track There is no accepted standard on how to respond to Do Not Track signals, and we do not respond to such signals. 16. VERMONT RESIDENTS: If you are a resident of Vermont, you are granted specific rights regarding access to your personal information. Under Vermont law, your nonpublic personal financial information is safeguarded and may not be shared with others except as permitted by law or with your explicit consent. It's important to note that Vermont law also prohibits the sharing of credit reports and/or creditworthiness information with affiliates unless you have given your consent ("opted-in") for such sharing. For further details, please refer to 9 V.S.A. §2480e and Vermont Department of Financial Regulation B-2018-01, section 7A(7). 17. CONTACT US: If you have any questions or concerns about how we collect, store, process or disclose information concerning you please contact us or our Agent: Golden Money Transfer, Inc. dba Inyo 45 Prospect Street, Suite 201, Cambridge, MA 02139
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In an instant, he found to his heart that his fine best keto gummy bear recipe iron snake spear had actually cut it with all his strength.
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Menage stabilising fibre is a great alternative to sand or soil, or you can create a mix of materials to improve the total thickness of the surface. Stabilising fibres allows optimal drainage while retaining water to keep the original excavation level solid. The economic organic matter is 100% recycled and can be used in equestrian arenas, gallop tracks, and lunge pens. Contact our equestrian arena builders near me to learn more about stabilising fibres for your riding arena in Knottingley. Chopped rubber chippings can be laid on silica sand to create extra insulation for the sub-base material. The rubber prevents the surface from frosting over in the colder months and retains moisture when the weather is dry. Rubber chippings can be laid at 25m to 50m depending on the sub-base material, surface condition and personal requirements. Chopped rubber is cost-effective and 99.9% metal-free. We would not recommend chopped rubber alone; however, it is a great addition to your silica sand arena build. Horse ménages can be used for many different equine events. The multi-functional use is what makes the horse menages so popular! Dressage is a common practice for any equestrian students, and we can create the ideal equine arena surface for dressage riders. Most people use a pre-mixed surface for dressage arenas, as this allows for the perfect depth and layers for the rider. Contact us today to start your project if you want a team of experts to install a dressage arena at your facility. Show jumping is another popular equestrian sport that requires a suitable ground, depth, and sub-base. As the horses are leaping over jumps, the ground needs to be supportive to prevent injury as they land. The ideal surface for a show jumping arena is rubber combined with silica sand, creating a firm yet bouncy sub-base. We have installed thousands of show jumping arenas in Knottingley across the UK, and our professional work has amassed many positive reviews. Horse arenas can be used for all kinds of horse events, including the following: Our high-quality ménages are perfect for any event, and our expert advisers can reassure you as to which material and geotextile membrane is best for your chosen sport and install a great quality riding arena construction for you. There are many benefits associated with installing a horse menage at your property in Knottingley. For example: With experience with all aspects of arena construction, including perforated pipework, drainage, and non woven membrane layers, we can construct your menage to suit your use and venue. As horse arena building specialists, we have installed and maintained many arenas to the best standards. Many of our clients have been found through recommendations, and we always cater to the client’s visions and requirements. We understand how important your horse and rider’s safety is, so we always adhere to regulations that prevent serious injury. Our Knottingley experts will talk you through the entire process, from selecting the materials to the installation. You will have our support every step until you have a quality arena installed to your satisfaction. Building a menage in Knottingley requires careful planning and attention to various factors to ensure the safety and well-being of both horses and riders. Here are the steps to consider: Constructing a horse menage in Knottingley requires careful consideration of its foundation thickness, typically ranging between 350 and 400mm, depending on the chosen surface finish. Building directly on existing topsoil isn’t advisable due to its high organic content, which hampers drainage and necessitates removal. Instead of disposing of this soil, repurpose it to level the surrounding arena area or fill low spots for grass seeding. It’s essential to avoid unnecessary expenses by minimizing trips to the landfill. After clearing the topsoil, meticulous levelling is crucial, involving excavation in some areas and filling in others. Once this foundational level is achieved, the actual construction of the horse arena can commence. Effective drainage is a vital aspect of a functional riding arena, ensuring year-round usability regardless of weather conditions. Proper drainage prevents weather-related wear and tear. The widely employed technique, known as the Herringbone Pattern, involves a central main carrier drain, supplemented by lateral drain pipes extending alongside the arena. Additional drains span horizontally, connecting one side of the horse arena to the other. Regardless of the drainage system chosen, the fundamental principle remains consistent: collecting drains channel water into the carrier. This central drain then feeds into the primary drainage network, mimicking a natural stream or ditch. Perforated or slotted drains are essential, enabling efficient water drainage. After completing the drainage layer, it’s essential to reinforce and prevent the layers from blending together. This phase, often referred to as the base layer, involves applying a Woven Membrane. The next step in preparing your horse arena involves incorporating an aggregate that allows slight compaction while permitting water drainage. Several natural materials, including granite, slate, flint, limestone, and sandstone, are suitable choices. It’s crucial to ensure these materials are devoid of clay, coal, and sand. Recycled aggregates, such as crushed concrete or brick, can also be utilised, provided they are free from wood or plastic components. It’s not recommended to use bituminous products, as they tend to obstruct water passage over time. The ideal sub-base material should range from 25 to 75mm without fines. This composition facilitates swift water drainage, preventing fines from clogging the drains. For a standard 20m x 40m horse arena, a layer thickness of approximately 100mm is recommended. On top of the aggregate layer, a Non-Woven Geotextile Membrane, often known as Fleece Membrane, is necessary. This membrane serves to separate the layers, enabling water to permeate and enhancing the stability of the horse arena. Several materials are available for the top finish of your horse arena. While silica sand is the most prevalent choice, alternatives like bark or rubber chippings can also be considered. Our recommendation is to apply a layer of 50 to 100mm of sand in combination with any chosen finishing material. This sand layer serves to safeguard the geotextile membrane underneath. If shredded carpet, rubber, or insulation materials are used, an additional sand layer may not be necessary. However, the overall thickness should be increased to 200 to 225mm for optimal performance. There are many sizes to consider when considering your horse menage construction. The most common size for a horse arena is 40 x 20m; however, if you want to build a dressage arena, you may opt for a 20 x 60m. We can assess your site to advise on adequate measurements for your arena and the events you wish to carry out within the menage. Fencing is popular in any horse arena as it keeps the enclosure safe and prevents bolts or escapes. If a horse scares within the arena, it will be retained to the site and won’t be able to run into any danger, such as traffic or a field. Our fencing can be made bespoke to suit your unique job; for arenas used for show jumping, a higher side may be required to prevent the horse from escaping. A common fencing design is a three-bar post and rail system, as this helps prevent the rider or horse from getting hurt while they are in the arena. The benefits of horse arena fencing include: You may want to consider a kickboard for your horse arena, which is wooden panelling that acts as additional reinforcement to the interior walls of your menage. A kickboard can help improve the safety of yourself and your horse and ensure no serious damage to your arena should your horse kick or get unruly. Our kickboards can be manufactured to suit the aesthetics of your interior, so get in touch with us to discuss your designs. The benefits of a horse arena kickboard include: We can offer high-end lighting for your arena that meets the minimum requirements of CIBSE Lighting Guide 4 for equestrian sports. The recommended average light level is 100lux, with a uniformity of 0.5 for jumping. These light levels prevent shadowing, which could cause a horse to spook. Poor lighting can distract horses and make it more difficult for them to see, reducing your performance. Call our expert equestrian arena builders in Knottingley today if you are ready to discuss equine arena lighting for your bespoke equine construction. The benefits of quality lighting in your horse arena include: In most cases, planning permission is required for a ménage construction, especially if the site needs more excavation, drainage channels, and sub-base layers. The drainage channels must be covered under the ground, which may require digging. To discuss Knottingley planning permission for equestrian equine menages, call our team! The best footing for horses is angular sand, which we use for our sanded installations. Rounded sand particles will cause the horse to sink deeper into the material, causing more strain on its ligaments. A mixture of silica sand and rubber or fibre is advised, as the extra filler helps to create a sturdier foundation with effective drainage channels. On average, your equestrian ménage depth should be around 4 to 5 inches, with a drainage bed under crushed concrete, silica sand, and either rubber or fibres. The most important aspect of your arena is safety, so there is no use cutting corners to try to save money. You should never have an arena with a depth of fewer than 4 inches, as this may not be safe. You may be able to build a horse arena yourself; however, if you do not have the right skills, it is always best to hire a professional. If you attempt to build your arena on a strict budget, you may risk potential drainage issues, as an incorrect drainage bed may be used. Drainage can be hard to install correctly, certain tools like a roller and a laser level need to be used, which can be difficult if you haven’t used them before. Other techniques like the Herringbone Pattern need to be mastered as well. Contact our team of expert installers in Knottingley to learn more about the arena drainage system and arena construction. The installation process for building menages involves: Our professionals in Knottingley will be able to discuss every stage of the job, so you will fully understand the process. Never be afraid to get in touch, as we are happy to revise our steps until you are satisfied with the finished product. The correct spelling is Manege, but it is often spelt as spelt manège. A horse menage refers to an enclosed area where horses are trained and exercised. It is typically an outdoor or indoor space with a flat and even surface, often made of sand, dirt, or a similar material, where riders can work with their horses on various exercises and training routines. In a horse menage, riders can practice riding skills, train horses for specific disciplines such as dressage, show jumping, or reining, and work on various manoeuvres and techniques. The menage provides a controlled environment for both beginners and experienced riders to work with their horses safely and effectively. It is an essential facility for horse training and equestrian sports. If you are looking for professional arena construction, you should contact us here at Horse Menage Construction. Our surface experts can complete the full job, including the drainage, the sub-base, the sand and fillers. We can also provide information on how to maintain your arena and can provide aftercare services. A quality manège will help keep your riders and horses safe, so it is a worthy investment for anyone serious about the sport and discipline. If you would like to discuss your project, we can offer a consultation and advice on the range of surfaces available. Our business offers site visits across the UK to talk through your project, whether it is for a new construction or a refurbishment. We can offer adorable prices on various designs; get in touch with us today to receive a free, no-obligation quotation. Make sure you contact us today to find out more about the horse manege services in Yorkshire and the Humber we offer. Simply enquire online using our enquiry form and a member of our equestrian construction team will get in touch as soon as possible! Here are some towns we cover near Knottingley.Pontefract, Castleford, Normanton, Garforth, Selby We absolutely love the service provided. Their approach is really friendly but professional. We went out to five different companies and found Horse Menage Construction to be value for money and their service was by far the best. Thank you for your really awesome work, we will definitely be returning!Cody Chapman We have used Horse Menage Construction for many years as they are certainly the best in the UK. The attention to detail and professional setup is what makes this company our go-to company for all our work. I highly recommend the team for the immense work - we highly recommend them!Ray William For more information on Horse Menage Construction, fill in the contact form below to receive a free quote today. We Aim To Reply To All Enquiries With-in 24-Hours
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Please select the following properties1234 Please select the following properties These Terms will apply to any contract between Brightstar Logistics Pte Ltd, a company registered in Singapore under registration number 205502127E and with registered office at 78 Shenton Way #11-01, Singapore 079120 (referred to herein as “us”, “our” and “we”) for the trade in of Devices by you (the “Contract”). Please read these Terms carefully and make sure that you understand them, before trading-in any Devices via our Site. Please note that before trading-in a Device by placing an order on our Site you will be asked to agree to these Terms. If you refuse to accept these Terms, you will not be able to trade-in any Devices via our Site. You should print a copy of these Terms or save them to your computer for future reference. We amend these Terms from time to time as set out in clause 5. Every time you wish to trade-in Devices, please check these Terms to ensure you understand the terms which will apply at that time. These Terms were most recently updated on 27/09/2016. |Information about us |We operate the Site. |Whilst the trade-in process includes the trade-in of Apple Devices, the trade-in, reuse and recycling service is provided by us as an independent third party. Apple Inc and its affiliates and subsidiaries (collectively “Apple”) are not party to the Contract between you and us and you shall have no right of action against Apple for any breach of a Contract. |Apple hereby disclaims and excludes any and all warranties of any kind, express or implied. By using the Site, you hereby release Apple and its respective directors, employees and agents from any disputes, claims, demands, and/or damages (actual or consequential) of every kind, whether known or unknown, arising out of, or relating to, your use of the Site and our services, including, without limitation, incomplete or completed transactions and any claims or disputes between you and us. |We may update our Site from time to time, and may change the content at any time. However, please note that any of the content on our Site may be out of date at any given time, and we are under no obligation to update it. We do not guarantee that our Site, or any content on it, will be free from errors or omissions and we make no representations, warranties or guarantees, whether express or implied, that the content on our Site is accurate, complete or up-to-date. |Our Site is made available free of charge. We do not guarantee that our Site, or any content on it, will always be available or be uninterrupted. Access to our Site is permitted on a temporary basis. We may suspend, withdraw, discontinue or change all or any part of our Site without notice. We will not be liable to you if for any reason our Site is unavailable at any time or for any period. |You are responsible for making all arrangements necessary for you to have access to our Site. |If you choose, or you are provided with, a user identification code, password or any other piece of information as part of our security procedures, you must treat such information as confidential. You must not disclose it to any third party. We will not be responsible or liable in any way in the event you suffer any loss or damage following any unauthorized use or misuse of your password. |We have the right to disable any user identification code or password, whether chosen by you or allocated by us, at any time, if in our reasonable opinion you have failed to comply with any of the provisions of these Terms. |The content on our Site is provided for general information only. It is not intended to amount to advice on which you should rely. You must obtain professional or specialist advice before taking, or refraining from, any action on the basis of the content on our Site. |We do not guarantee that our Site will be secure or free from bugs or viruses. You are responsible for configuring your information technology, computer programs and platform in order to access our Site. You should use your own virus protection software. |When using our Site, you agree that you will use our Site only for lawful purposes. |Specifically, you may not use our Site: |in any way that breaches any applicable local, national or international law or regulation; |in any way that is unlawful or fraudulent, or has any unlawful or fraudulent purpose or effect; |to send, knowingly receive, upload, download, use or re-use any material which is defamatory, obscene, offensive, threatening, abusive, vulgar, hateful or inflammatory, discriminatory or which infringes the intellectual property rights of any third party; |to transmit, or procure the sending of, any unsolicited or unauthorized advertising or promotional material or any other form of similar solicitation (spam); and/or |to knowingly transmit any data, send or upload any material that contains viruses, trojan horses, worms, time-bombs, keystroke loggers, spyware, adware or any other harmful programs or similar computer code designed to adversely affect the operation of any computer software or hardware. |You also agree not to: |reproduce, duplicate, copy or re-sell any part of our Site in contravention of the provisions of these Terms; |use systematic, repetitive or any other methods which are designed to obtain a large number of quotes or other pricing and related information from our Site; and/or |attack (through denial of service, distributed denial of service or otherwise) or access without authority, interfere with, damage or disrupt: |any part of our Site; |any equipment or network on which our Site is stored; |any software used in the provision of our Site; or |any equipment or network or software owned or used by any third party. |A breach of clause 2.10(c) may result in you committing a criminal offence. We will report any such breach to the relevant law enforcement authorities and we will co-operate with those authorities by disclosing your identity to them. |Where our Site contains links to other sites and resources provided by third parties, these links are provided for your information only. We have no control over the contents of those sites or resources, and accept no responsibility for them or for any loss or damage that may arise from your use of them. The inclusion of a link to a third party website does not constitute an endorsement by us of or any affiliation between us and that third party or the Devices or services that they offer. You acknowledge and agree that we are not responsible or liable (including for any loss or damage you suffer or incur as a consequence of your reliance on or purchase of) the content, advertising, Devices, services, or other materials on or available from such sites. |How we use your personal information |It is your responsibility to: |Remove your sim card (the “SIM”) before sending your Device to us. The SIM can contain private information, and may enable unauthorized use of your network access. If you fail to remove the SIM, subject to clause 13.2, you agree to release us from all claims, losses or damages with respect to the use of the SIM arising before, or after receipt by us of your Device. Any SIMs received by us are non-returnable; |Remove any personal file and data, whether in the form of personal details, SMS, photos, games, songs or other data, (the “Data”) from the Device; and |Switch off the activation lock or equivalent feature on your Device. |By sending your Device to us, you agree to release us from all claims, losses or damages with respect to the SIM, Data or Device. Subject to clause 13.2, we accept no responsibility in relation to the security, protection, confidentiality or use of such Data or the SIM. |It will not be possible for you to obtain any Data or other content from the Device, whether stored on the Device or memory card, once it has been sent in to us. |You agree that you have the sole responsibility to keep a separate backup copy of any Data before sending your Device to us; and that you have taken all reasonable steps to eliminate and delete Data that is deemed personal or confidential. Data recovery is not a part of the trade-in, reuse and recycling service and subject to clause 13.2, we and Apple accept no responsibility or liability for any lost Data. |Consumer representations and warranties |By placing an order through our Site, you warrant that: |Your statutory rights as a consumer are not affected by this Contract. |Our right to vary these Terms |We amend these Terms from time to time. Please look at the top of this page to see when these Terms were last updated. |Every time you trade-in Devices via this Site, the Terms in force at the time of your trade-in will apply to the Contract between you and us. |We may revise these Terms as they apply to your order from time to time to reflect the following circumstances: |changes in relevant laws and regulatory requirements; and/or |a change in our business practice. |If we have to revise these Terms as they apply to your order, we will contact you to give you reasonable advance notice of the changes and let you know how to cancel the Contract if you are not happy with the changes. You may cancel in respect of all of the affected Devices. If you opt to cancel, you will have to return any monies (or other consideration) you have already received. |We can only arrange for collection of Devices from within Singapore. |Valuing your Product |You warrant that you will accurately describe the condition of your Devices so that we are able to provide an initial quotation before we are in receipt of, and able to, inspect the Device (the “Original Quotation”). The Original Quotation will be valid for a period of 14 days from the date it is issued to you (“Initial Period”). You may extend the validity of the Original Quotation within the Initial Period by a further period of 7 days from the end of the Initial Period (“Quote Validity Period”). |We accept accessories such as chargers and headsets but these do not increase the value of your Device. |Upon receipt of your Device, we will carry out an Inspection (as defined in clause 9.1). Any incorrect or inaccurate Device descriptions may result in us re-evaluating our Original Quotation to produce a Revised Quotation (as defined in clause 9.4). |Subject to clause 7.3, you must ensure that we are in receipt of the Devices within the Initial Period or Quote Validity Period as appropriate. If we are not in receipt of a Device with the Initial Period or Quote Validity Period as appropriate, we reserve the right to provide you with a Revised Quotation (as defined in clause 9.4), subject to the clauses 8 and 9 below. |Lost, Blocked, Stolen and Fake Devices and Pre-Pay Box Breaking |For the purposes of these Terms “Fake” Devices are counterfeit Devices which are manufactured to resemble Devices made by another company in breach of the intellectual property rights of the genuine manufacturer. |In the case we are notified or suspect that the Device is either lost or stolen, we may request further proof of ownership of the Device. Additional proof of ownership may include, but is not limited to, receipts, tax invoices or carrier receipts. In the event that there is insufficient proof of ownership, the Device may be returned to you, or to the relevant authorities. |We may work with a number of agencies and service providers to enable us to check the IMEI of all Devices that are sent to us to confirm that they are not stolen. We may do this prior to confirming purchase. However, in the event that we become aware of any issues at any time, we reserve the right to withhold/cancel payment and you agree to co-operate with us and any authorities should we make such a request. |We will make no payments to customers for Devices received which are either lost, stolen or Fake. |We reserve the right to inform the relevant authorities if there is any suspicion that there is a deliberate attempt to perpetrate a fraud. We reserve the right to reclaim any money paid to you if it is discovered within three months of the return of that Device that the Device has either been reported as a lost, stolen or the Device is discovered to be a Fake. |Inspection and Revised Quotation |Once your Devices have been received by us, we will inspect the Device to check to see if it complies with the description that you provided to us originally (the “Inspection”). |The Inspection will focus on, amongst other things, the model and condition of the Device, the country of origin of the Device as well as the total number of Devices received by us. If the model, condition and/or origin are different to your original description, the Original Quotation will be adjusted in accordance with clause 9.4 below. Should our Inspection reveal that you have sent us a different model than the one that we provided an Original Quotation for, we will offer an amount for the different model based on the price displayed on the Site on the day that we are in receipt of the different model (subject to the condition of the Device). We may also adjust the Original Quotation if we decide to offer an amount for one or more but not all of the Devices received by us. |We will have sole discretion in determining the appropriate condition, the model, the country of origin and price of the Device. |We will contact you via email or text to confirm the amount we will offer for such Device as adjusted, if necessary, by these Terms (the “Revised Quotation”). You will have 14 days from the date that we have sent the email or text in which to accept the Revised Quotation provided that we cannot be held responsible for the non-delivery of emails because of spam email or junk filters. If you: |choose to decline the Revised Quotation within the 14 day period which has been provided because the condition of the Device is different to your original description, you may ask us to return the Device to you at no additional cost to you; |choose to decline the Revised Quotation within the 14 day period which has been provided because the country of origin of the Device is different to your original description or for any other reason, you may ask us to return the Device to you at your cost. We will provide the applicable cost to you upon request and which must be paid before we return the Device to you; or |do not reply within 14 days of us sending the email or text, we will pay you the Revised Quotation. |Please allow for up to 10 working days to receive your returned Device. If for any reason we cannot send you back your original Device then we will be obliged to make payment for the Original Quotation (except to the extend such failure to send back the original Device to you has resulted from any act or omission of you). |Under no circumstances can Devices be returned by us to you after the expiry of the 14 day period detailed in clause 9.4. |Additional accessories that have been sent in with your Device which have not been requested by us cannot be returned to you. |How the Contract is formed between you and us |Nothing on this Site constitutes an offer by us to sell or purchase any goods or services. |Sending Devices to us shall constitute an offer by you to sell such Devices to us in return for the Original Quotation (“Your Offer”). However, please note that this does not mean that Your Offer has been accepted. Therefore we may, in our sole discretion, refuse to accept Your Offer for any reason. Our acceptance of your Offer will take place as described in clause 10.3. We may also, in our sole discretion, cancel any trade-in order you place on the Site in which case the Devices relating to the order will not be collected by us. |No Contract will be formed until either: |we accept Your Offer, by paying to you a sum equal to the Original Quotation; or |you have accepted our Revised Quotation and we make a payment to you of a sum equal to the Revised Quotation, |Pricing and Payments |We initiate payments to you through Apple Gift Card within 3 working days after receipt and subject to Inspection of your Device. |Prices offered on our Site are subject to change at any time without notice. |Title and Risk in Devices |Title in the Device(s) shall pass to us on completion of the payment to you for such Device(s) at which point you disclaim any further right, title or interest in and to the Device or any items contained therein. |You must own all rights in any Device(s) that you send to us. By placing your trade-in order you declare that you are the true and rightful owner of, and have good title to, the enclosed Device(s) and as such, you confirm that you are legally authorized to sell or dispose of the Device(s) at your own discretion. |Subject to clause 12.4, risk in the Device(s) shall pass to us once the Device is received by us via the courier service that we use to collect the Device from you. |Whilst the Devices are in transit from you to us the following shall apply: |for each Device that we collect from you, you shall ensure that you sign the collection document provided by the courier service personnel acknowledging the collection of the Device; and |our total liability to you in respect of all losses arising in connection with the loss or damage to a Device or Devices whilst in transit, shall in no circumstances exceed the value of the Original Quotation; and |If we fail to comply with these Terms, we are responsible for loss or damage you suffer that is a foreseeable result of our breach of these Terms or our negligence, but we are not responsible for any loss or damage that is not foreseeable. Loss or damage is foreseeable if it is an obvious consequence of our breach or if it was contemplated by you and us at the time we entered into this Contract. |We do not in any way exclude or limit our liability for: |death or personal injury caused by our negligence; |fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation; or |any other liability which cannot be excluded by law. |Subject to clause 13.1, we have no liability to you for any loss of profit, loss of business, business interruption, or loss of business opportunity. |The trade-in, reuse and recycling service is provided for lawful purposes only, and you agree to indemnify us from and against any claims brought against us arising from performing our obligations under a Contract or for any breach of these Terms by you. |Events outside our control |We will not be liable or responsible for any failure to perform, or delay in performance of, any of our obligations under a Contract that is caused by an Event Outside Our Control (as such phrase is defined in clause 15.2). |An “Event Outside Our Control” means any act or event beyond our reasonable control, including without limitation strikes, lock-outs or other industrial action by third parties, civil commotion, riot, invasion, terrorist attack or threat of terrorist attack, war (whether declared or not) or threat or preparation for war, fire, explosion, storm, flood, earthquake, subsidence, epidemic or other natural disaster, or failure of public or private telecommunications networks or impossibility of the use of railways, shipping, aircraft, motor transport or other means of public or private transport. |If an Event Outside Our Control takes place that affects the performance of our obligations under a Contract: |we will contact you as soon as reasonably possible to notify you; and |our obligations under a Contract will be suspended and the time for performance of our obligations will be extended for the duration of the Event Outside Our Control. |You may cancel a Contract affected by an Event Outside Our Control which has continued for more than 30 days. To cancel please contact us. If you opt to cancel, you will have to return any monies you have already received and we will return any Devices relating to such monies. |Communications between us |When we refer, in these Terms, to "in writing", this will include e-mail. |You may contact our customer service team at 6718 2423 or by e-mailing us at [email protected]. If we have to contact you or give you notice in writing, we will do so by e-mail or by pre-paid post to the address you provide to us in your order. |The provisions of this clause 16 shall not apply to the service of any proceedings or other documents in any legal action. |Intellectual property rights |We are the owner or the licensee of all intellectual property rights in our Site, and in the material published on it. Those works are protected by copyright laws and treaties around the world. All such rights are reserved. |You may print off one copy, and may download extracts, of any page(s) from our Site for your personal use and you may draw the attention of others within your organisation to content posted on our Site. |You must not modify the paper or digital copies of any materials you have printed off or downloaded in any way, and you must not use any illustrations, photographs, video or audio sequences or any graphics separately from any accompanying text. |Our status (and that of any identified contributors) as the authors of content on our Site must always be acknowledged. |You must not use any part of the content on our Site for commercial purposes without obtaining a licence to do so from us or our licensors. |If you print off, copy or download any part of our Site in breach of these Terms, your right to use our Site will cease immediately and you must, at our option, return or destroy any copies of the materials you have made. |Other important terms |We may transfer our rights and obligations under a Contract to another organisation, but this will not affect your rights or our obligations under these Terms. |You may only transfer your rights or your obligations under these Terms to another person if we agree in writing. |This Contract is between you and us. No other person shall have any rights to enforce any of its terms. |Each of the clauses of these Terms operates separately. If any court or relevant authority decides that any of them are unlawful or unenforceable, the remaining paragraphs will remain in full force and effect. |If we fail to insist that you perform any of your obligations under these Terms, or if we do not enforce our rights against you, or if we delay in doing so, that will not mean that we have waived our rights against you and will not mean that you do not have to comply with those obligations. If we do waive a default by you, we will only do so in writing, and that will not mean that we will automatically waive any later default by you. |These Terms are governed by the laws of Singapore. This means a Contract for the trade-in of Devices through our Site and any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with it will be governed by the laws of Singapore. |We and you both irrevocably agree that the courts of Singapore and courts of appeal from them shall have exclusive jurisdiction to settle any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with a Contract or its subject matter or formation (including non-contractual disputes or claims). Brightstar may collect the following types of personal data: the customer’s name, email address, mail address, user name and password and any faxes or mail sent to us and the IMEI numbers of any mobile device used in any Transaction with Brightstar, and other information that clients (or you) may provide in their course of communication with Brightstar. Personal data can sometimes include identification information to comply with relevant second hand trading legislation and your rights or title to sell goods to Brightstar in addition to financial information pertaining to the financial processing of a transaction. We may also use 'cookies' which will collect information about you such as your IP address and how you have used our website - this is discussed further below (see 1.6 below). This policy has been drafted having regard to Brightstar's obligations under Singapore’s Personal Data Protection Act 2012 as updated from time to time (the “PDPA”). Note that terms that are capitalised (the first letter of each word is a capital) are defined in the Glossary at the end of this Policy. The information collected by us by using a cookie is sometimes called “clickstream”. We use this information to understand how our users navigate our websites (collectively or individually the “Site”), and to determine common traffic patterns, including what website the user came from. We may use this information to make website navigation and product recommendations, and to help redesign our Site in order to make your experience on our Site more efficient and enjoyable We may also use this information to better personalize the content, banner ads, and promotions that you and other users will see on the Site. You also have choices with respect to cookies. By modifying your browser preferences, you have the choice to accept all cookies, to be notified when a cookie is set, or to reject all cookies. If you choose to reject all cookies you will be unable to use those services or engage in activities that require the placement of cookies. Certain aspects of the Site may not function properly if you set your browser to reject all cookies. |Brightstar will/may collect, use, disclose and/or process your personal data for one or more of the following purposes : |Brightstar may/will need to disclose your personal data to third parties, whether located within or outside Singapore, for one or more of the above Purposes, as such third parties, would be processing your personal data for one or more of the above Purposes. In this regard, you hereby acknowledge, agree and consent that we may/are permitted to disclose your personal data to such third parties (whether located within or outside Singapore) for one or more of the above Purposes and for the said third parties to subsequently collect, use, disclose and/or process your personal data for one or more of the above Purposes. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing or of paragraph 1.2, such third parties include: |Your consent pursuant to this Policy is additional to and does not supercede any other consents that you had provided to Brightstar with regard to processing of your personal data. |Brightstar will not use personal data without taking reasonable steps to ensure that the information is accurate, complete and up to date. |When you come to a Brightstar website, our server attaches a small text file to your hard drive — a cookie. A “cookie” assigns you a unique identifier so that we can recognise you each time you re-enter the website, so we can recall where you’ve previously been on our site, and which keeps track of the pages you view on the website. Cookies help us deliver a better website experience to our users. |As mentioned above, we also use service providers to help us maximise the quality and efficiency of our services and our business operations. This means individuals and organisations outside of Brightstar, such as mail houses, information technology service providers, website hosts and back-up service providers, will sometimes have access to personal data held by Brightstar and may use it on behalf of Brightstar. We ensure that our contracts with our service providers require them to adhere to strict privacy guidelines and to only process your personal data for one or more of the Purposes we have authorised. |We will process your request within a reasonable time from such a request for withdrawal of consent being made. |However, your withdrawal of consent could result in certain legal consequences arising from such withdrawal. In this regard, depending on the extent of your withdrawal of consent for us to process your personal data, it may mean that we will not be able to continue with your existing relationship with us. |Do note that in certain situations, the PDPA does permit an organisation to continue to process your personal data despite your withdrawal of consent. |Brightstar will review, on an ongoing basis, its collection and storage practices to ascertain how improvements to security and protection of personal data can be achieved. |Your personal data is protected when it comes into our possession regardless of whether it is in electronic or hard copy format, in accordance with the PDPA and industry accepted security standards which are implemented and updated in accordance with the manufacturer's or licensor's recommendations. This includes physical security at our premises and storage electronically on a server which is situated in protected and controlled facilities. Certain information you provide such as financial information, bank account or credit card information, is encrypted via SSL and remains securely encrypted while in Brightstar’s possession, until the moment when it is used to make payment and is then re-encrypted and held securely until it is no longer required for internal or regulatory purposes when it will be destroyed. |Brightstar will, to the extent technically practicable, destroy or de-identify personal data once the purposes for which that personal data was collected is/are no longer relevant and retention is no longer necessary for legal or business purposes, unless the law requires otherwise. |Individuals wishing to make an inquiry or complaint regarding privacy should do so by contacting the Brightstar Privacy Officer, whose contact details appear at the beginning of this document. If you make a complaint or if we become aware of any concern or problems concerning our privacy practices, we will contact you about the issue, investigate the issue, and take all reasonable steps to work with you to resolve that issue. |A reasonable fee may be charged for providing access however we will advise you of the likely cost in advance and will aim to supply the information within 30 days or such timeline prescribed by the PDPA. Note that the PDPA exempts certain types of personal data from being subject to your access request. |If your personal data is inaccurate, out of date, incomplete, irrelevant or misleading, you may contact us by e-mail and we will correct our records containing your personal data within 30 days. Where we are unable to do so within the said 30 days, we will notify you of the soonest practicable time within which we can make the correction. Note that the PDPA exempts certain types of personal data from being subject to your correction request as well as provides for situation(s) when correction need not be made by us despite your request. |Brightstar may from time to time have lawful access to personal data belonging to customers of one of its clients. |Brightstar will take reasonable steps to limit the amount of personal data it sends to unrelated parties overseas but may need to disclose your personal data outside of Singapore to our Related Body Corporates and to third party service providers as noted in 1.3 above. |As part of our efforts to ensure that we properly manage, protect and process your personal data, we will/may be reviewing our policies, procedures and processes from time to time. |You are encouraged to visit the above website from time to time to ensure that you are well informed of our latest policies in relation to personal data protection. Brightstar means Brightstar Logistics Pte. Ltd. (Company Registration No. 200502127E). Direct Marketing means the marketing of products or services through means of communication including written, verbal, physical or electronic means. The services which are marketed may be those of Brightstar or a Related Body Corporate or those of an independent third party organisation. Disclosure generally means the release of information outside Brightstar, including under a contract to carry out an "outsourced function". “Personal Data” or “personal data” means data, whether true or not, about an individual who can be identified from (i) that data, or (ii) from that data and other information to which an organisation has or is likely to have access. Primary Purpose is the dominant or fundamental reason for personal data being collected in a particular transaction. Reasonable Expectation means a reasonable individual's expectation that their personal data might be Used or Disclosed for a particular purpose. Related Body Corporate means that where a body corporate is: |a holding company of another body corporate; |a subsidiary of another body corporate; or |a subsidiary of a holding company of another body corporate, Related Corporation “Related corporation” has the meaning ascribed to it in Section 6 of the Companies Act, Chapter 50 of Singapore (and “related corporations” shall be construed accordingly). Transactions means Brightstar’s buyback and trade-in program for mobile or electronic devices including Apple products, and/or any other transactions that Brightstar may permit on the Site whether now or in the future. Use means the handling of personal data within Brightstar. Please call us at 6718 2423 or email us at [email protected]. We are available Monday to Friday 9:30am – 5:30pm to answer any questions you might have.
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Table of content: Tax Deductibility of Bathroom Remodel in Rental Property Are you considering a bathroom remodel in a rental property, but wondering if you can get a tax deduction on the expenses? In this section, we’ll go over the tax deductibility of bathroom remodels in rental properties. We’ll discuss what qualifies for a tax deduction, and the difference between capital improvements vs repair expenses. With this information, you can make an informed decision on whether a bathroom remodel is worth it for your rental property. Qualifying for Tax Deduction Bathroom remodels in rental properties can qualify for tax deductions. To be eligible, identify if it’s a capital improvement or repair expense. Capital improvements enhance property value and last more than a year. Repair expenses are to restore property to original state. If classified as a capital improvement, it may qualify for deduction. Depreciation life varies depending on asset put in service and its lifespan. IRS regulations must be followed when claiming depreciation. This includes using straight-line method with mid-month convention rule and considering depreciation recapture taxes when selling or trading business. In short, repairs are temporary and capital improvements major. Knowing the difference and complying with IRS regulations are crucial for tax deductions. This can be profitable in the long run. Capital Improvements vs Repair Expenses Managing rental property is key for landlords. They must keep track of expenses for property improvements and repairs to get tax deductions. Capital improvements are investments to make the property better, and can be deducted. Repair expenses are for daily operations, like minor repairs, routine maintenance, and fixing leaks. These are usually expensed right away. It’s important to know the difference between capital improvements and repair expenses when renovating a rental property. Their tax implications vary. Plus, only capital improvements have specific rules for depreciation. Depreciation Life for Rental Property Improvements Investing in rental property comes with many expenses, including the cost of improvements. In this section, we’ll discuss the depreciation life of rental property improvements, specifically focusing on bathroom remodels. We’ll explore the rental asset class in more detail and examine how expenses related to bathroom remodels can be depreciated over time. Rental Asset Class for Improvements Owners of rental properties know the value of keeping their assets in good condition. This often calls for improvements. Luckily, certain improvements can qualify for tax deductions – if they meet criteria, like the rental asset class. Improvements to rentals can be classified as either structural or non-structural. Structural ones involve much construction work, like adding rooms or changing the layout. Non-structural ones are minor and don’t alter the basic structure. The rental asset class for improvements depends on whether it’s a capital expense or a repair expense. Capital expenses increase the value of the property and last more than one year. Repairs are for maintenance, without adding value. Different depreciation methods apply, depending on how long an improvement lasts. Property owners must also understand when depreciation recapture works. A bathroom remodel may seem costly, but owners can get some money back via tax deductions and depreciation methods. If owners consider the rental asset class for improvements, they can get the most out of their investment, while being responsible property owners. Depreciating Expenses for Bathroom Remodel Are you a landlord who just remodeled their rental’s bathroom? You can take advantage of tax deductions through depreciation over time. This means the cost of the remodel can be divided into several years. However, the depreciation life of rental property improvements will depend on the asset class and method used. The expenses of the remodel can be depreciated using the straight-line method and mid-month convention if it meets the requirements for capital improvements. When claiming depreciation for a bathroom remodel, you should consider questions on starting depreciation, previous shower remodels, and other tax implications related to recapturing depreciation in case of sale or trade of business. The IRS Publication 946 states that assets in Class 27.5 will receive a 27.5-year recovery period. This allows taxpayers to take a small portion of their deduction each year until it is fully depreciated. Take these guidelines into account if you plan to remodel your rental’s bathroom. Enjoy the tax benefits available to you. Depreciation Method for Bathroom Remodel in Rental Property When it comes to remodeling your rental property, knowing how to depreciate those improvements can be a huge advantage come tax season. In this section, we’ll explore the depreciation method for bathroom remodels specifically. We’ll take a look at the straight-line method of depreciation, the depreciation rates for rental property improvements, and the mid-month convention for depreciation. With this information, you’ll be better equipped to make informed decisions about your rental property expenses and how to handle them from a tax perspective. Depreciation Rates for Rental Property Improvements Depreciation for rental property improvements is an important consideration for owners wanting to decrease their taxes. These rates are used for deductions from rental profits. However, the rates and methods of depreciation depend on the type of rental property and improvements. The table shows the different depreciation rates for different asset classes: |Residential Rental Properties |Furniture and Fixtures It’s vital to remember that straight-line depreciation is the most common. But, the mid-month convention must be followed when claiming expenses for partial ownership or if over 40% is claimed in one year. Additionally, rules about bathroom remodel depreciation vary depending on if it’s a deductible repair expense or a capital improvement. In conclusion, depreciation doesn’t have to be difficult. By using the Straight Line Method and talking to a tax professional, owners can navigate rental property improvements and reduce their tax burden. Straight Line Method of Depreciation The straight line depreciation method is the go-to technique for calculating rental property improvement tax deductions. It divides the cost of the improvement by its useful life, resulting in an annualized deduction amount to be claimed every year until the asset reaches the end of its useful life. This simple formula (Cost – Salvage Value)/Useful Life (in years) makes it popular for bathroom remodels. It is predictable and allows taxpayers to accurately track their deductions with no surprises. According to IRS Publication 946, all non-residential improvements must be depreciated using the straight-line method. By using this method, investors can stretch the costs associated with bathroom remodel projects over several fiscal cycles. This strategy provides better value over time and access to eligible tax deductions. The mid-month convention for depreciation also offers investors the opportunity to depreciate assets mid-month. Overall, the straight-line method makes it easier to understand deductible expenses when planning long-term remodeling projects. It also maximizes tax advantages for rental property improvements, allowing investors to upgrade amenities and improve tenant quality. Mid-Month Convention for Depreciation Wanting to calculate your asset’s monthly depreciation? The Mid-Month Convention for Depreciation might be your go-to! This convention only applies to assets with a recovery period of over 10 years. It uses the straight-line method to calculate the expenses evenly over time. Date Placed in Service, Basis of Property (Cost), Recovery Period, Half-month Convention Fraction and Monthly Depreciation are all crucial details for this calculation. But, it’s not always the best option. If mid-quarter or mid-year conventions work better for you, use those instead. Also, this can be complicated, so you may need professional help in determining which depreciation method is best for you. When in doubt, get in touch with a tax pro! They can help you decide the most effective depreciation method and make sure you meet IRS guidelines. Don’t hesitate to ask for expert advice! Depreciation Recapture for Sale or Trade of Business Depreciation recapture is significant for businesses when they trade or sell assets. The taxable amount of any gain on the sale or trade of an asset that was once depreciated could have hefty tax consequences. For instance, if a firm sells a depreciated building, the difference between the sales price and the asset’s book value is subject to taxes. This tax liability can take companies by surprise if they don’t plan for it. Certain assets, like real estate, have distinctive depreciation rules and distinct tax consequences. Moreover, the tax rates for depreciation recapture depend on the asset type and the taxpayer’s income tax rate. Thus, businesses should talk to a tax professional before trading or selling any assets, particularly in the case of real estate. To dodge any unforeseen tax liabilities, businesses need to stay informed and consult a tax professional prior to trading or selling any assets. This way, they can benefit from critical tax planning opportunities and lower their tax liabilities regarding depreciation recapture when selling or trading business assets. Capital Improvements in Residential Rental Properties Did you know that you can receive tax deductions for capital improvements made to your residential rental property? In this section, we’ll explore one popular example of a capital improvement: remodeling a master bathroom. Start your calculations and get your receipts ready because we’ll discuss how a master bath remodel that starts at $9k can continue to qualify for tax deductions under the current law of Bathroom Remodel Depreciation Life. Master Bath Remodeled Starting 9k Continues to Qualify for Tax Deduction The master bathroom remodel for our rental property cost $9,000. This is a great investment, as it qualifies for a tax deduction under capital improvements. Depreciation rates for rental property improvements are used to calculate the annual depreciation amounts. The straight-line method of depreciation is usually used for this. Also, the mid-month convention must be applied when the asset is put into service. Remember to separate repair expenses from capital improvements. Expenses from repairs or maintenance do not qualify as deductible capital improvements but can be deducted immediately. Consult with a tax professional to make informed decisions regarding your investment in master bath remodeling. If you need more help, consult an IRS publication such as Publication 946 – How To Depreciate Property. Don’t forget that your master bath remodel starting at $9,000 still qualifies for a tax deduction. Currently Deductible Repair Expense vs Capital Improvement Tax deductions depend on correctly classifying expenses. Differentiating between currently deductible repair expenses and capital improvements is key. For example, bathroom remodel depreciation life needs to be treated as a capital improvement depreciated over its useful life. A table may help classify expenses: |Currently deductible repair expenses such as routine maintenance, minor repairs, and painting |Capital improvements like renovations, additions, and improvements that increase the property’s value or extend its useful life Cost, work nature, and effect on value all factor into classifying an expense. Replacing a broken showerhead may be considered a currently deductible repair expense. However, completely gutting a bathroom and upgrading fixtures is a capital improvement. Maximize tax benefits by properly classifying expenses. Consult a tax professional and keep records of all repair and improvement expenses. Not doing so may mean missed deductions and penalties. Take steps now to get all possible tax benefits. Tax Depreciation Questions for Bathroom Remodel Looking to save money on taxes for your bathroom remodel? In this section, we’ll dive into the tax depreciation questions you need to know for your bathroom remodel. We’ll discuss starting depreciation for your current bathroom remodel as well as depreciation for a previous shower remodel, giving you the information you need to make informed decisions about your taxes. Starting Depreciation for Current Bathroom Remodel Do landlords need to start tax deductible depreciation for a bathroom remodel in their rental property? Yes! First, determine if the renovation can qualify as a capital improvement or repair expense. That requires careful consideration. Then, identify its depreciable life under the rental asset class category for improvements. Choose an appropriate method of depreciation, like straight-line or mid-month convention. That helps calculate annual deductions accurately. Also, consider factors that could affect tax returns. Including any repairs or remodels done to the rental property before. Note: Expenses labeled as “capital improvements” generally give greater tax benefits in the long run. Organize and update supporting documents regularly. That ensures maximum tax benefits from the current bathroom renovation project. In conclusion, it can be complex to begin depreciation for a bathroom remodel. But with the right guidance, landowners can get the benefits of tax deductible depreciation. Time to check if that previous shower remodel still holds up in terms of tax deductions! Depreciation for Previous Shower Remodel Recently remodeled your shower? It’s important to understand the tax implications! How do you calculate depreciation for your previous shower remodel? Generally, the depreciation rate is based on the improvement’s useful life. Capital expenses qualify for depreciation, however repair expenses are deductible in full. Remember: a former improvement like a shower remodel might have a shorter useful life than new bathroom features. The depreciation period may be shorter too. Consider consulting a tax professional for guidance. Rental property owners: the IRS has rules for rental improvements. These assets are classified as assets and have varying depreciation periods. Consider these rules when computing rental income’s tax basis. Recapture provisions may come into play when you sell or trade the property subject to depreciation. Straight-line depreciation, mid-month convention methods, bonus deductions, section 179 deductions…investment property owners may consider them. Keep accurate records of all construction-related activity costs for both capital improvements and repairs to maximize your bathroom remodel tax deduction claims. Understand the tax implications and how to calculate depreciation for your previous shower remodel. Consult a qualified tax professional to ensure you’re taking advantage of all available deductions and complying with IRS regulations. A close look at the data leads us to conclude that the duration of a bathroom remodel’s depreciation life is influenced by many elements. These include the quality of materials, size of the bathroom and the scale of renovation. To ensure a longer depreciation life, it’s essential to consider these factors when planning a bathroom remodel. Location of the property is also a major factor that must not be ignored. Bathrooms in humid areas require frequent renovations and have a shorter depreciation life. It’s important to factor in the environment when calculating the cost of a bathroom remodel. My colleague’s bathroom renovation serves as a great example of the advantages of utilizing high-quality materials and giving extreme attention to detail. Their professional remodel not only raised the value of their property but also created a luxurious atmosphere for them to enjoy. All in all, it’s obvious that careful consideration of these factors can drastically affect the depreciation life of bathroom remodels. FAQs about Bathroom Remodel Depreciation Life Can a bathroom remodel in a rental property be tax deductible? Renovations on an investment property are tax-deductible as a rental property deduction, but construction costs are not fully deductible in the same year. This means that bathroom remodeling expenses can be depreciated over a certain period of time. What is the depreciation life of a bathroom remodel in a rental property? Bathroom remodel for a rental property is considered an improvement and entered as a separate rental asset. Rental improvements are in the same class as the property and depreciated over 27.5 years. Can lighting and toilets purchased for a bathroom remodel be depreciated? Yes, lighting, toilets, and other materials purchased for a bathroom remodel can be depreciated as part of the rental property improvement and entered as a separate asset. When should expenses for a bathroom remodel be depreciated? Expenses for a bathroom remodel, including the 3K deposit, lighting, toilet, etc., should be depreciated in the year they are placed in service. Therefore, if the remodeling is completed and ready for use in 2020, depreciation starts in 2020. Can a first shower remodel still be depreciated if a new bathroom remodel is done? If the first shower remodel was being depreciated, it may still be depreciated unless the new bathroom remodel involved substantial structural changes or replaced the entire building structure. In this case, it would need to be entered as a separate asset and depreciated over the same period of time as the rental property. Are all improvements made on a rental property tax-deductible? Renovations on an investment property are tax-deductible as a rental property deduction, but there are certain limitations. Home improvements on a personal residence are generally not tax deductible, but energy-efficient equipment and medical renovations may qualify. Additionally, not all expenses on a rental property can be deducted, as some may be considered repairs and currently deductible, while others may be capital improvements and depreciated over time. Hello, my name is David Zal and I’m a plumber with more than 20 years of experience based in Englewood (Florida). I like to teach normal people how to make easy fixes in their homes. I believe that a lot can be achieved just with DYI and that’s why I started this blog.
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After the repeal of Prohibition, the alcohol industry started evolving rapidly and has gained significantly in recent years. Alcoholic beverage stores are mushrooming but the demand doesn’t seem to fall. If you want to catch a wave of success and start selling liquors, doing it online would be reasonable. In 2017, online sales of wine, liquor, and beer grew by 32.7% and they keep on growing. So, launching an online liquor store makes sense indeed. While opening a liquor store sounds like a trifle, it’s more than picking up an eCommerce theme and adding your products there. Apart from financial and technical subtleties, there is a legal hassle, for instance. But don’t worry. This detailed guide on how to open a liquor store will lead you through the initial bureaucracy issues to the final technical touches on your website. Cheers to your success and let’s begin! Start selling your Shopify themes at the TemplateMonster marketplace. Enjoy author-driven pricing and high commissions. Get a share of up to 70% for exclusive items, and 40% for non-exclusive ones. Before diving into the topic, it makes sense to say a few words about the benefits you can get when you open a liquor store online. Take a look at these numbers: Online retailing of alcoholic beverages is growing rapidly because of several reasons: Food and beverages are becoming the main focus of online retailing. Those who deny the technical progress and don’t adjust to the new market’s rules might stay behind. Now, let’s go into some details of opening a liquor store. Here are the answers to the most common questions. Yes, you need a license to sell wine online. The system can be quite complicated. Some licenses allow direct-to-consumer shipping, while others only allow shipping within a state–not out of state. Some licenses allow shipping only to particular states, while others only allow shipping a particular quantity of alcohol. Apart from that, there are different laws for wineries and retailers. Alcohol laws regulate a business not only in your own state but also in the states where your customers live. Before you go nuts, take a look at this awesome guide from the WineSpectator. It gives information on whether D2C winery and retailer shipping in a particular state is allowed. Also, you can find out volume limits for each state. There are also some exclusive marks, so-called “buts.” The resource drew up two amazing winery and out-of-state retailer direct shipping maps. Keep in mind that the US Postal Service will not ship alcohol. FedEx and United Parcel Service (UPS) will deal with it but you have to meet their requirements, including: Your online liquor store can appear on the international market. The following steps can help make your presence on the market strong. 1. Make Sure You Meet Shipping Requirements Not only every US state, but also every country has their own alcohol laws and shipping requirements. Before accepting orders from abroad, make sure you meet their laws and shipping policy. 2. Think about Secure Packaging The shipment will undertake a long journey to the customers. Make sure that neither various transportation methods nor messy deliverymen will prevent your customers from savoring a glass of wine. Here is a reliable type of packaging. Add some bubble wrap and the bottles will cross the Atlantic unharmed: 3. Check out Customs Documentation As a seller, you are responsible for all customs documentation. You should provide a package with several certificates and sanitary statements to satisfy the customs requirements. You can check out the required documentation on the official TTB website. Documentation is one of the biggest hassles you will meet when selling wine internationally. As the saying goes, if you want to have something you never had, start doing something you never did:) Let’s move from bureaucracy issues to the financial. The cost to open a liquor store on the Internet is another benefit of going online. Instead of renting or buying store premises, you buy hosting and secure a place on the internet. Instead of doing building repairs, you buy a template and add, edit, and remove page elements in a matter of clicks. You still have a certain amount of maintenance to do to be successful. Still, an exact answer to this question is impossible because startup costs depend on many factors: If you decide to go offline, substitute the last two items with mandatory liability insurance; theft, fire, and business interruption insurance; and stocking the premises with aesthetically appealing equipment (shelving, refrigeration, etc.). Depending on the location, the physical premises can cost between $175,000 and $920,000. As you see, calculating liquor store startup costs without some raw data is almost impossible. To calculate your liquor store start up cost, you need approximate figures for at least the seven aforementioned items. Though we can’t tell you the exact cost to open a liquor store, we can guide you in the process of creating an online liquor store. Usually, the e-commerce platform is the first thing people who want to open an online store will puzzle over. If we consider usage distribution in the top 1 million sites, we will see that: These eCommerce platforms seem to be absolute leaders in the market. But are they good indeed? What’s the best choice for starting a liquor store? The best way to answer these questions is to compare the basic and additional features. |a subscription service |an open-source e-commerce plugin for WordPress |offers hosting and subdomain + opportunity to pick up own domain name |strong integration with a WordPress website |offers product management options |offers product management options |has various payment gateways |has various payment gateways |standard customer management |customer management through third-party add-ons |hundreds of standard themes + third-party themes |thousands of free and paid third-party themes |mobile-friendly depending on the theme |an opportunity to edit HTML and CSS |bandwidth depends on the hosting plan |analytics and reports on sales and store performance |analytics and reports on sales and store performance |various sales channels (Point of Sale, Facebook module, a buy button, etc.) |thousands of plugins |hundreds of Shopify apps On the surface, the standard technical parameters are more or less the same. The details though might help you to choose one of the eCommerce platforms. For instance, Shopify already has a POS system allowing you to sell wine either online or offline. The fact that you don’t need any extra tools (e. g. cash registers) can save you money. Another important thing to consider is design. The aesthetically appealing website makes the visitors stay longer and, as a result, buy more. Approximately 38% of Internet users admitted that they won’t recommend a website with a poor layout. Shopify’s themes are modern, trendy, tasteful, and upscale. They suit a wide number of business niches. Still, there are only ten free themes so far. Seems like Shopify is fighting with free themes and it reduces their numbers. A paid option will cost $75-$180. You can find affordable Shopify themes on the TemplateMonster marketplace. As WooCommerce is a WordPress plugin, there is no such thing as WooCommerce design. You just pick up an existing WordPress website with an existing design and add e-commerce functionality with a plugin. There are both pros and cons. The good thing is that you don’t go through much of a hassle if you already have a WordPress website. Apart from that, there are thousands of multipurpose and niche WordPress themes for various tastes and pockets, including free solutions. The choice is wide indeed and you can ensure it by checking out these WooCommerce compatible themes. On the other hand, some parts of the store might not be displayed in the way you expect them to. In such cases, you either change a theme or dive into CSS if you are capable. It doesn’t happen as a rule but you should be aware of it. It’s hard to say which e-commerce platform is better for opening an online liquor store. Each of them finds its users. To sum up, it’s important to say that WooCommerce is extremely flexible in customization but it requires more work. Shopify stands out with its out-of-the-box quality and has an awesome web design toolkit. As understood, you can open a liquor store on WordPress with WooCommerce. The plugin is free itself. Still, there are some additional costs such as: You can find out more about Bluehost and its benefits in this review. The process of setting up WooCommerce is simple. In the beginning, you can use a guideline or do it yourself by clicking “I don’t need help” button: A couple of things to point out while opening a liquor store and setting it up are payments, currency, and shipping. You can set them up with the help of the Setup Wizard that you will find in the notification on the WordPress dashboard. The Wizard creates pages for Shop, Cart, Account, and Checkout automatically when you click the “Continue” button. Then, you choose the location of the online liquor store and the currency. Afterward, you will set up shipping and tax information. You sell wine, so you will ship physical goods. So, check the appropriate box: Next, WooCommerce can help you calculate your taxes. If you aren’t sure about them now, you can skip this step and return to it later. Then, you have to choose the payment method. WooCommerce supports PayPal, PayPal Standard, and Stripe payment gateways. You can add other methods that are compatible with WooCommerce. PayPal Standard payment is one of the most convenient ones. You add your PayPal email, click “Continue,” and proceed. For customers, Stripe is even more user-friendly. They don’t have to leave the website to enter their payment data. With Stripe, they can add their credit card information right on the checkout page. Congrats! You have set up an online liquor store. Now, you can start adding the products. Go to Products > Add new. Come up with a title and a description for the first product. Then, add a Product Category. Click “Add New Product Category” in the right column: The more structured your online liquor store is, the easier it will be for the customers to shop. Intuitive navigation improves the user experience and makes them more likely to come back. In this article, you can find out more ways to increase conversions of WooCommerce product pages. Next, you will proceed to the Product Databox, where you can add information about prices, shipping, and inventory. Below, there is a window with a product description. The customers will see it when they view several products on the page. Then, you can add the main product picture and a gallery. Make sure you give detailed information. Descriptions are not just a bunch of words. The right descriptions will boost conversions. As you see, setting up an online liquor store is not that complicated, especially if you do it with WordPress. However, there is still an easier way to open a liquor store. WooCommerce offers an intuitive setup that requires no coding skills. Still, the ultimate service to get your web store online hassle-free will save even more time. Plus, the guys who set it up master their skills every day and deal with issues that might appear during setup. The TemplateMonster team can take the aforementioned set up steps for you. They will configure the store, including pricing, shipping parameters, and taxes. The team will also configure basic Google Analytics settings. As a result, you get a ready-made optimized store that you can fill with products. The service has four packages that include a different number of options. The prices start at $99 and go up to $705 for an All-in-One package. It takes different times to set up a store depending on the package: Depending on the package, you can get various benefits. First, you save time and avoid the technical hassle. You pay once and get the work done within a couple of days. Those who have never built an online liquor store will need much more time for that. Second, although using WooCommerce is not about coding, some technical issues might still appear. The experienced developers who set up your store will solve them fast and prevent their emergence later. Third, the team has resourceful specialists with vast knowledge. They have faced hundreds of cases, learned from mistakes, and now can use their experience and skills to give a promising start to your online liquor store. At the end of the day, the price for your stress-free Friday evening is not big but the result is worth it. Everyone who wants to save time and entrust the setup process to experienced specialists can take advantage of this. The site’s performance optimization is offered to WooCommerce and PrestaShop only. On-page SEO optimization is limited to English, Russian, and Ukrainian languages. For any other opportunities, contact a pre-sales manager in a Live Chat. The size of the store is limited to 1000 products. The niche of the store doesn’t matter. When it comes to choosing a liquor website template, it’s important to understand: There is a checklist for the must-have features for an online store theme: 1. Responsiveness and Compatibility with the Major Browsers It goes without saying that an online store must be responsive and compatible with all major browsers. Your customers will shop from different devices and browsers. A responsive store contributes to a wonderful user experience. Moreover, Google adores responsive and mobile-friendly websites and ranks them higher. So, pay attention to such labels as “Responsive,” “Mobile-Friendly,” and “Cross-browser Compatibility.” 2. SEO-Friendliness and Light Weight The small weight of a template can be achieved through particular practices in coding. A lightweight template is more user-friendly because a website takes less time to upload. A template can also already be optimized toward search engines and for speed. That means that the online store has more chances to be ranked higher. Also, you will go through less hassle when setting up the store. So, pay attention to the label “SEO-friendly.” Check out the requirements for software and hosting. There, the required amount of disk space is stated. You will also find out the weight of the template. 3. Social Integration The right e-commerce theme should provide social integration – an opportunity to link a social account to a website. Add a well-working social button and your customers will get an opportunity to talk about your store in their social media. Pay attention to such labels as “Social Options.” 4. Multiple Pre-Made Pages for different Purposes The right e-commerce template includes a couple of ready-made pages. Pay attention to whether must-have pages such as Homepage, Shop, Single Product, Gallery, Contact Us, About Us, Testimonials pages are included. There could be different layouts and variations of the pages. The template can contain additional pre-made pages such as Blog, 404 Page, Under Construction, etc. 5. Different UI Elements UI elements are a visual language of the online store. They also contribute to intuitive navigation and positive user experience. Of course, you can add the elements with the help of plugins. Since the plugins do have weight, it’s better to choose a template with already existing important elements. Pay particular attention to such components as drop-down menus, accordions, carousels, buttons, tabs, cards, countdown elements, calendars, checkboxes, icons, progress bars, sidebars, and tooltips. A good e-commerce template includes web forms (contact, search, newsletter, etc.). It would be great if a provider offered support. Many themes and templates come with 24/7 support, which is great. If any issues arise, there is a great chance that it will be solved quickly. That was a universal checklist of the must-have features. You can check out this other checklist for more insights. What is individual is the unique design and a layout that sells. Make sure it looks aesthetically appealing and meets the conception of your business. For instance, a fancy pink theme doesn’t suit an online liquor store. Speaking of the setup, WordPress has quite an intuitive one. If you still face difficulties, you can apply for an online store setup service. As you now know how to choose an online liquor store theme, let’s check out some available options. Here is another trendy and stylish online liquor store theme. It has an awesome dynamic header that attracts attention and causes hypersalivation. It stands out with a user-friendly layout that you can customize to your taste. On the main page, you can list the products with the prices and short descriptions. You can sort the products by price, popularity, age, and type of wine. There is also Parallax scrolling that adds dynamics. Apart from that, there is a user’s account, address, and cart that helps customers track their orders. If you don’t know how to start a liquor store, start by buying this inspiring theme! For those who want to open liquor store this responsive Bootstrap theme offers must-have features: That was the last item in the collection of the inspiring themes for an online liquor store. Here is another trendy and user-friendly online liquor store theme powered by Bootstrap. It includes: Opening a liquor store will be faster and easier with this WooCommerce theme. It has a high-quality dynamic header with saturated pictures that alternate with each other. Below, the customers can check out the assortment of products with prices and short descriptions. You can sort the alcoholic beverages by the type of grape, age, country, price, and more. There is a variety of pre-made pages: homepage, default page, testimonials, archives, FAQs, team, products, clients, default, full-width page, and other. Other features of the online liquor store: When you start a liquor store, a theme with pre-made pages can save time! The affordable price will also reduce your liquor store startup costs. You get editable ready-made pages that you can fill with: The online liquor store includes must-have features such as: With the help of the Shopify visual builder, you can create as many layouts as you wish. Due to the drag-and-drop nature, you don’t need technical skills to open a liquor store. This online liquor store theme can help to create a real story and appeal to a customer’s heart. A wonderful header on the homepage creates a pleasant atmosphere for an unhurried shopping experience. A homepage has customizable sections, where you can add a slider, a text, a banner with a special offer, a product with a price and description. You can also add a background video and tell more about the conditions in which the grape was grown or the process of making wine. The online liquor store is built with Elementor Page Builder and includes Jet plugins. With their help, you can create tabs, blocks, product galleries, menu, blog, and more. Wow! There are high chances that the tempting and appetizing header on this theme will make your customers empty their pockets in your online liquor store! Also, the theme has convenient product sorting by category tabs according to various criteria. The content of the website will look more organized if you unite the products into logical categories. For instance, you can organize the wine by the type of grape, the country, the age, etc. With the help of the WooCommerce package, you can add banners, product carousels, on-page custom menus, and product categories. Custom widgets can enrich the functionality of your online liquor store. To facilitate the process of choosing wine, you can add Wishlist and Compare plugins. Apart from that, the theme is fully responsive and SEO-friendly. Those, who want to open a liquor store but also don’t know yet how it should look, can consider this bundle. It contains two premium Shopify themes for an online liquor store. The third variant is coming soon. At your disposal, there are: Besides, there are such important features as: If you have been wondering how to open a liquor store online, here is an answer – use this classy and elegant theme. At your disposal, there are five homepage layouts with astonishing design. Also, there are five blog layouts and a pre-made gallery page. Of course, there is a ready-made page for a shop and testimonials. You can make intuitive navigation and contribute to positive user experience with the help of: Apart from awesome navigation options, this online liquor store has a toolkit for web design. There are five header and three footer styles that you can adjust to the conception of your store. There are also Google Web Fonts and Map. If elegance is not your story, this online liquor store might be the right choice. It’s quite simple and colorful. It would suit best for a store with mainstream wines rather than a fine wine store. It has two layouts that you can customize with the help of: That was the last item in the collection of the inspiring themes for an online liquor store. How do you choose a suitable one? Make sure that it highlights the concept of your store. A classy and elegant theme would fit a store with fine wines. A minimalistic theme can be suitable for wines from the New World. Bright and colorful themes would look awesome on a website with wines from Africa or South America. All of the themes are customizable. So, it’s easy to make changes until the store meets your expectations. We hope that opening a liquor store will become an exciting journey, where you take control over the process just like the driver. Remember not to break the speed limit and not to drive drunk 🙂 The most important thing when you open a liquor store is to get the license for shipping alcoholic beverages. Then you should create a contract with FedEx or UPS and find out where exactly you can ship your products. After that, you need to contact UPS Freight or FedEx Freight to ship beverages to the customers. These states forbid out-of-state alcohol retail sales: Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, Maryland, Delaware, Arkansas, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Maine, Montana, Kentucky, Arizona, Hawaii, West Virginia, Mississippi. Yes, most of the themes have the option of transferring the whole database with dropshipping products to the website. Check out this option when choosing an e-commerce theme. Most of the themes are provided with 24/7 support in different forms (chat, tickets, email, etc.). If any issues appear, you should contact the support team. Subscribe to our newsletter and access exclusive content and offers available only to MonsterPost subscribers.
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Find the best place to buy a mattress near me in Rockwall, TX. Best Place To Buy Mattresses & Beds Near Me in Rockwall, Texas 75032 You’ve found the best place to purchase a mattress in Rockwall. Rockwall has many mattress stores that cater to all budgets. From luxury memory foam mattresses from high-end brands to budget-friendly coil mattresses, there’s something here for everyone. One of the best places to start your search is Mattress Firm. The store offers a wide selection of high-quality mattresses by leading brands, such as Serta or Tempurpedic. This store also offers free shipping and installation, as well as a variety of financing options. Macy’s Furniture Gallery in Rockwall is also a great choice. The selection of comfortable mattress brands includes Sealy and Stearns & Foster. You can also take advantage of their helpful services, such as free delivery and removal of old mattresses. For those seeking even more variety, Ikea is also a great choice in the city. Ikea has a large variety of items at affordable prices. There are many great mattress stores in Rockwall, TX, whether you have a limited budget or money to spare. The mattress stores in Rockwall are a great way to get an idea of what you can find. Rockwall has plenty of mattress stores, ranging from department store chains and specialty stores. Rockwall has a wide range of options for you, whether you want a luxury bed with cooling technology or something more affordable. Macy’s or Ashley HomeStore are two of the many upscale stores that sell mattresses. They carry a range of top-quality brands like Sealy Serta Beautyrest Tempur-Pedic. Designer mattresses are available at retailers like Design Within Reach, Room & Board and more. You can get discounts on mattresses all over Rockwall if you are looking for them. Target and Walmart offer discounts on well-known models by brands such as Sleep Number and Tuft & Needle. Discount outlets such Bedzzz Express, Mattress Firm Outlet and Walmart often offer cheaper prices than traditional retailers but have a limited selection. Top Mattress Retailers in Rockwall Mattress Firm is a good place to start your search for a quality mattress in Rockwall. Also, Ashley HomeStore and Denver Mattress are great options. These five retailers offer some of the best selection and prices in the city. Whether you want to buy something cheap or more expensive, these shops will have it. Mattress Firm Rockwall will offer you the best discounts on mattresses. Mattress Firm offers a selection of mattresses from leading brands, such as Sealy Serta Tempurpedic. If you need a twin size bed or a king size, they will have whichever fits your budget and requirements. There are also pillows, linens and accessories available so that you can get everything you need in one place. You can also choose from a range of different delivery options to get your mattress quickly. Mattress Firm is rated one of Rockwall’s top mattress retailers because their friendly customer service staff are always happy to answer your questions. Ashley HomeStore offers a great selection of mattresses, home furnishings and more. The mattress you need is available in many locations throughout Rockwall, TX. You can find a variety of mattresses, from traditional to plush memory-foam. Prices are reasonable and they have sales and discounts all year long on selected products. Also, they have excellent customer support representatives who will guide you to the perfect mattress and deliver it directly to your doorstep. Their staff is knowledgeable and can answer questions regarding their products or service so that you make an informed choice. Ashley HomeStore has been a Rockwall favorite for mattress purchases since it opened in 1998. Denver Mattress is another great place to buy a mattress in Rockwall. Located off of Kennedy Expressway it is easily accessible and offers high-quality mattresses at affordable prices. You can choose from a range of styles such as innerspring, memory foam and hybrid mattresses. The knowledgeable staff at this store can assist you in deciding which mattress type is right for your sleeping requirements. Denver Mattress provides free delivery and installation so that you do not have to worry about carrying your new mattress. They also offer a 120 night sleep guarantee, so you can return your mattress for a refund if you are not satisfied. Big Lots offers a wide selection of affordable mattresses in Rockwall, Texas. They have a large selection of mattresses and offer great prices. Big Lots offers a variety of models, from innerspring mattresses with traditional springs to hybrid and memory foam options. All their products are built with quality materials and come with fair warranties. Big Lots will even match a lower-priced item from another store. Financing and delivery are both available so you will not have to compromise on the quality of your mattress due to cost. Mattress Warehouse has a large selection of mattresses available at affordable prices. Located near Rockwall and its suburbs, Mattress Warehouse has become one the most popular mattress stores in the area. The store offers a variety of mattresses, including popular brands such as Sealy, Serta, and Simmons. They also offer affordable options under their own brand. A knowledgeable staff can also help you select the best mattress to suit your needs. Prices range from models priced at less than $100 up to models costing more than $2,000 so you can find something within your budget. We also offer delivery services so that you can be sure your mattress will arrive safely at your front door. Mattress Warehouse has a variety of mattress sizes, so you won’t be disappointed. Local vs. Chain Mattress Stores in Rockwall, TX You can decide the best mattress store for you by comparing local and chain stores. Locally purchased mattresses allow you to get personalized advice from staff who are knowledgeable about the products. Due to their ability of buying in bulk, large chain stores often offer a greater variety and better prices. Many of these chain stores also offer excellent return policies in the event that you are not happy with your purchase. Consider local stores that are well-established and have received good reviews. Before making a purchase, you can also inquire about shipping times and payment methods. It’s also important to check out the store’s return policy so that you know what your rights are if something goes wrong with your purchase or it doesn’t meet your expectations. Big box stores, on the other hand offer convenience because they carry a variety of models and at varying price points. However, don’t be swayed by salespeople who may push certain brands or models over others–it’s important to get an unbiased opinion before committing to a purchase. Also make sure to read reviews online as well as researching warranties and customer service availability for each brand and model before buying anything in order to ensure satisfaction with your purchase down the road. The local mattress stores and the chain mattress retailers in Rockwall, TX, can both be good resources for finding the best mattress to meet your needs. Doing research ahead of time will ensure you get a quality mattress without spending a fortune. Online Mattress Retailers Serving Rockwall It’s likely that you have already looked at the local stores or chain stores when you were considering buying a bed in Rockwall. You can also find great online mattress retailers in the Rockwall area. These companies provide white glove service and free shipping. Your new bed will arrive at your doorstep fully assembled. Plus, some of them even offer 100-night sleep trials so you can try out different mattresses before finally committing to one. Shopping for a new mattress online is convenient and usually cheaper than purchasing one in-store. You can compare prices for different brands in the same website. Or you can read customer reviews and get a sense of what quality to expect. Mattress Showrooms in Rockwall, Texas Check out mattress showrooms to get a feel for the different types of mattresses before you buy. Rockwall has many choices if you are looking for the best selection. Find the right mattress for you in independent specialty shops or large furniture stores that have entire floors dedicated solely to mattresses. The right showroom can assist you in making an informed choice about your mattress purchase, whether it’s a natural latex or a spring mattress. These showrooms offer luxury and comfort for those looking to purchase premium mattresses by leading brands such as Sealy, Tempur-Pedic and others. These stores offer knowledgeable salespeople to help you make the best choice and answer questions about construction materials or methods. Most stores will offer discounts or free shipping for those who live nearby. Many discount mattress shops in the city offer popular brands like Serta Beautyrest at reduced prices. Most of the time, you will find less bells and whistles in these shops but there are still many quality options available at reasonable prices. Best of all, some offer convenient layaway plans so you can spread out payments over time until your purchase is paid off completely. If you’re looking for mattresses in Rockwall, Texas there are many showrooms that can meet your requirements, regardless of your budget and personal preferences. Mattress Shopping Options in Rockwall When it comes to mattress shopping in Rockwall, you have plenty of options. Whether you’re looking for a budget-friendly option, something customizable, an organic and eco-friendly option, or luxury stores, there’s something for everyone. There are many stores that sell mattresses, so you can find one that suits your needs. Budget Friendly Mattress Options in Rockwall Rockwall offers a variety of affordable mattress options that will give you a good night’s rest without costing a fortune. Rockwall has a wide range of options for affordable mattresses, whether you want a hybrid, memory foam or innerspring mattress. IKEA, Mattress Firm and other major retailers offer discounts on the most popular models to maintain prices as low as possible. Sit ‘n Sleep is a great example of a small store. They offer excellent service and are often more affordable than larger stores. Online vendors often offer free shipping, and have generous return policies. This can help you save even more money on your mattress. Check Craigslist for gently used mattresses. Many people are willing to upgrade to a better mattress. Rockwall has a wide range of affordable options to suit your needs. Customizable Mattress Options in Rockwall, TX Rockwall offers a wide range of options when it comes to customizing your mattress. You can customize your mattress to meet your specific needs. Choose from memory foam, hybrid, latex or other materials. Some shops even allow you the opportunity to test their beds to ensure that they are suitable for your sleeping needs. With all these great options at your fingertips, you’ll be sure to find the perfect mattress for you. Organic and Eco-Friendly Mattress Options in Rockwall For those looking for a more sustainable option, Rockwall has several organic and eco-friendly mattress options available. For instance, Avocado mattress offers certified organic mattresses made with natural materials such as cotton and wool. These mattresses have no formaldehyde, flame retardants and chemicals. They feature adjustable bases to provide comfort and additional support. Nest Bedding Rockwall also offers mattresses made from 100% organic latex that are naturally resistant to fire and do not require chemical treatment or polyurethane. Both stores have a knowledgeable staff to help you find the perfect bed for your needs. Rockwall, Texas offers a wide range of mattress options, from luxurious to all-natural. Luxury Mattress Stores in Rockwall Visit one of Rockwall’s mattress shops to experience a luxurious night’s sleep. From plush memory foam to latex and hybrid models, there’s something for everyone. You’ll want to visit some of the luxury mattress stores in the city. It’s a good idea to start at The Mattress firm. Here, you can find all the latest name brand mattresses at competitive prices. At Macy’s Furniture Gallery, you will be able to browse through an extensive selection of high-end mattresses from top designers such as Sealy and Serta. Saatva’s Mattress Boutique offers organic mattresses, made with materials like wool and cotton. Even adjustable beds are available so you can customize the sleeping experience. Mattress Brands in Rockwall, TX Rockwall’s leading mattress stores have a range of popular brand names, so you are sure to find a model that meets your needs. From traditional memory foam mattresses from Serta and Sealy to latex beds from Tempur-Pedic, Rockwall, TX has a great selection for those looking for luxury sleep. If you’re on a limited budget, Simmons Beautyrest and Sleep Number have many affordable options. Naturepedic mattresses are made from natural materials. For extra comfort, you can find hybrid beds from Stearns & Foster or Aireloom that have coils and layers of foam. Rockwall has a variety of mattresses to choose from. Avocado Mattress will be one of your favorite mattress brands. This brand offers a variety of luxury mattresses made with natural materials. Avocado’s Green or Vegan models feature organic latex and cotton. They are a healthy alternative to toxic sleep solutions. Their hybrid models also combine pocket coils and individually wrapped coils to provide extra comfort and support. All mattresses have a guarantee of 25 years and 100 nights sleep trial. This means you can buy with confidence knowing your mattress will be protected. Avocado Mattress has the perfect mattress for you to sleep well in Rockwall. Purple Mattress can help you achieve the best possible sleep. This luxury brand offers mattresses made for maximum comfort and support. Made from premium materials like hyper-elastic polymer, they provide adaptive cushioning. A 100-night risk-free trial is also available. Get deeper, more restorative sleep in no time when you choose Purple Mattress. Saatva mattresses are known for their luxurious comfort, superior support and durability. Their flagship mattress comes in two different sides. You can choose between a plush Eurotop or a firmer pillow top to achieve your ideal sleeping environment. Saatva also has adjustable base models, so you can customize the feel of your bed. Plus, they are made with eco friendly materials like organic Cotton and Natural Latex Foam. Saatva offers a 180-night trial on all of its products, so that you can test the product before making a long-term commitment. Saatva customers in Rockwall love the comfortable beds they offer and the exceptional customer service. They are one of Rockwall’s top mattress brands. For those who want a more customizable sleeping experience, Sleep Number beds will be perfect. The firmness of the mattress can be easily changed with just a few adjustments. Sleep Number is a brand that has been around in Rockwall since 1987. It can be found at Macy’s & Bed Bath & Beyond. This mattress features patented Air Chamber Technology that allows you adjust the firmness of the mattress on both the sides of the bed. So, each person gets to choose their own comfort level. Soft foam layers are added to the top of the cushioning system for extra comfort and contouring. The 25-year Sleep Number warranty gives you the peace of mind to know that your money is well protected. If you are looking for a mattress that is adjustable or want to try out something new in Rockwall, Texas, then Sleep Number should be considered. If you’re in the market for a high-end mattress, Tempur-Pedic could be a perfect choice. It is a popular brand of mattress that was established in 1992. Extreme comfort has been associated with this brand. Its mattresses contain patented TEMPUR – a material that conforms to your body’s shape and helps reduce pressure. This makes it ideal for those who need extra support throughout the night or wake up often feeling sore. These mattresses are also equipped with features such as cooling layers, adjustable base, and motion-isolation technology, so that you can choose the level of comfort you prefer. Tempur-Pedic also has a commitment to sustainability. Their foam is CertiPUR-US-certified, meaning that it meets the strictest standards in terms of emissions and chemicals. Mattress Shopping Tips For Rockwall Residents You should consider your sleeping style when shopping for a mattress in Rockwall. Also, there are some helpful tips on mattress maintenance and care. It is also important to know where you can donate or recycle your old mattress after purchasing it. We’ll provide tips on how to find the best mattress for different sleeping styles in Rockwall, provide advice on caring for your mattress, give information on where to donate or recycle an old mattress, and discuss recycling programs available in Rockwall. Mattress Shopping for Different Sleeping Styles in Rockwall You’ll need to choose the best mattress for you when shopping in Rockwall. Different mattresses can be designed to support or cradle a variety of sleeping positions. A soft mattress can provide greater comfort for side sleepers and lessen pressure on the joints. A firmer mattress can help keep your spine in alignment. Look for a middle ground between soft and firm. If you are not sure which mattress is best for your body type, you can test a few at the store. Mattress Care and Maintenance Tips for Rockwall Residents Caring for your mattress properly can help maximize its life and ensure you get the most out of your purchase. Rotate it regularly to avoid sagging and use a mattress cover to minimize wear. Vacuum your mattress or clean the spots regularly to remove dust particles, dirt, and other particles. When you have pets who sleep on your bed, ensure they do not jump on or of the mattress. This may damage the foam layer. Finally, if you spill something on your mattress be sure to blot it up immediately with a dry cloth – don’t rub. Following these tips, you can keep your Rockwall mattresses looking and smelling great for many more years. Where to Donate Old Mattresses in Rockwall, Texas You can donate an old mattress to several charities in Rockwall. Donating your used mattress is a great way to help those in need and give back to the community. The Salvation Army offers free pickup of donated furniture, mattresses, and other household items. Tax-deductible donations go to helping those in dire need. Many other Rockwall-area organizations also accept mattress donations as well as furniture. Donors are able to drop off larger items like mattresses at the location of their choice or arrange a pick-up. These organizations strive to help those who can’t afford to buy new mattresses or furniture. Mattress Recycling Programs in Rockwall You can recycle your mattress in Rockwall IL by using a variety of programs. Mattresses and box springs can be picked up curbside by certain waste haulers. You can also recycle mattresses through the City’s Recycling Program. If your mattress or box spring is still reusable, you can donate it. Goodwill and other charitable organizations accept donations of used furniture and will make sure they go to someone who needs them. Don’t forget to check out your local thrift shops. There are many that offer gently used mattress at reduced prices. Be sure to look them up. Best Mattress Deals and Discounts in Rockwall Getting the best mattress deals and discounts in Rockwall can be a great way to save money. One of the best ways to get a mattress at a reasonable price is by shopping around for specials and sales. Check out local retailers and online retailers. Sale items at Mattress Land, Mattress Firm and Sleepy’s are often discounted. You can check out their website or call to inquire about current offers before shopping. Discount furniture stores may offer mattresses at discounted prices. Costco and Sam’s Club are warehouse clubs with memberships that will help you save on major mattress brands like Sealy Serta Simmons Beautyrest. There are also some great deals to be found at Goodwill and consignment shops for secondhand mattresses. When you order multiple items, many websites will offer discounts or free shipping. There are many retailers that offer quality mattresses for competitive prices, such as Amazon Wayfair Overstock Walmart Target. Customer Reviews of Rockwall Mattress Stores The reviews of customers can give you a good indication of the service quality offered by the different mattress shops located in Rockwall. Many customers have provided feedback about their experiences. This gives you a good idea of what to expect if you are shopping for a new mattress. Reviews will often include details about how helpful sales staff were, whether delivery was on time, and how comfortable the mattress is. You should always remember when reading reviews that everyone has different opinions and some customers may be more critical. Look at the overall customer feedback instead of focusing on individual opinions. You should also pay attention to the types of mattresses people are buying; if most customers are purchasing luxury items, then their opinion might not be relevant if you’re looking for something more affordable. Also, it’s worth looking at where people leave reviews. Many shops will only show positive testimonials on the site itself. It’s better to use independent review websites or online forums which allow users to make honest comments without being biased by the store. Taking into account all of these factors can help you make an informed decision about which mattress store in Rockwall is right for you. Why Buy a Mattress in Rockwall? Rockwall is a top destination to consider when purchasing a new mattress. First and foremost, Rockwall residents value their sleep, and the city’s mattress market reflects this commitment to quality rest. A diverse range of outlets and mattress stores allows customers to explore their options in order to find the right fit for them. Rockwall’s fast-paced lifestyle is often the cause of stress and exhaustion, making sleep a necessity. Mattress stores in the city understand this and prioritize customer satisfaction, providing personalized consultations, in-home trials, and hassle-free returns. Rockwall’s mattress retailers are dedicated to providing a good night of sleep for everyone. Best Place To Buy a Mattress Near You in Rockwall, TX About Rockwall, Rockwall County, Texas 75032 Rockwall is a city in Rockwall County, Texas, United States, which is part of the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex. It is the county seat of Rockwall County. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that as of the 2020 census, Rockwall’s population is 47,251, up from 45,888 in 2019. The name Rockwall is derived from a naturally jointed geological formation, which has the appearance of an artificial wall. Map of Rockwall, Rockwall County, Texas 75032. Click for directions. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Where can I find the best place to buy a mattress in Rockwall? The best place to buy a mattress in Rockwall depends on your preferences and budget. Some popular options include mattress stores, department stores, and online retailers. What are the advantages of buying a mattress in a physical store? When you shop in a physical location, you can try out the mattresses yourself, get expert advice and sometimes have options for immediate delivery. Are there any reputable mattress stores in Rockwall, TX that specialize in eco-friendly mattresses? Rockwall offers a number of mattress stores that are eco-friendly, organic and specialize in mattresses such as Naturepedic or Verlo Mattress. Can I expect to find discounts or sales events at mattress stores in Rockwall, Texas? Many mattress stores offer promotions and sales on holidays such as Memorial Day, Labor Day, or Labor Day. Is it safe to buy a mattress online, and how do I choose the right one without trying it out in person? Buying a mattress online is safe if you research customer reviews, consider return policies, and choose reputable retailers. Choose brands that have generous return policies and excellent customer service. What are some reliable online mattress retailers that deliver to Rockwall, Texas? Saatva Purple and Nectar are online mattress retailers that deliver mattresses to Rockwall, TX. These mattresses also have trial periods. How often should I replace my mattress, and can a mattress store help with disposal of the old one? Mattresses should be replaced on average every 7-10 Years. Some mattress shops offer free removal of old mattresses with the purchase of a new mattress. What factors should I consider when choosing the right mattress for back pain in Rockwall, TX? For back pain, look for mattresses that provide good support as well as pressure relief. Memory foam or hybrid mattresses with medium to firm support are often recommended for back pain. Are there any custom mattress options available in Rockwall for unique preferences or sizes? Yes, some mattress stores in Rockwall offer custom mattress options where you can select materials, sizes, and firmness levels to meet your specific needs. Can I negotiate the price of a mattress at a Rockwall mattress store? There are many mattress shops in Rockwall that will allow you to negotiate, particularly during special sales. Never hesitate to ask for better deals. Do Rockwall mattress stores provide warranties, and what do they typically cover? Most mattress stores offer warranties that cover manufacturing defects. Please read all warranty details to make sure you know what is covered. What is the average cost of a good-quality mattress in Rockwall, TX? Prices for a queen-sized mattress can vary greatly, and can be anywhere from $500 up to $2,000, depending on brand, features, etc. Are there any financing options available for purchasing a mattress in Rockwall, Texas? Most mattress stores in Rockwall offer financing plans to help their customers spread out the payment of their mattresses. Can I return a mattress in Rockwall if I’m not satisfied with it after trying it at home? Most online and brick-and-mortar mattress retailers in Rockwall provide a trial during which time you can exchange the mattress for another if you aren’t satisfied. The period is usually between 30 to120 days. How can I ensure a smooth mattress delivery to my Rockwall home, and what should I do if there are any issues with the delivery? Please ensure that you are in communication with your retailer. You should also measure the area where the product will be delivered and make sure to attend on the day of delivery. Contact customer service immediately if there are any issues.
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How to Make an Online Shopping Bot in 3 Simple Steps? Latercase, the maker of slim phone cases, looked for a self-service platform that offered flexibility and customization, allowing it to build its own solutions. Outside of a general on-site bot assistant, businesses aren’t using them to their full potential. Not many people know this, but internal search features in ecommerce are a pretty big deal. Unlike all the other examples above, ShopBot allowed users to enter plain-text responses for which it would read and relay the right items. Cart abandonment is a significant issue for e-commerce businesses, with lengthy processes making customers quit before completing the purchase. Shopping bots can cut down on cumbersome forms and handle checkout more efficiently by chatting with the shopper and providing them options to buy quicker. Look for bot mitigation solutions that monitor traffic across all channels—website, mobile apps, and APIs. They plugged into the retailer’s APIs to get quicker access to products. A “grinch bot”, for example, usually refers to bots that purchase goods, also known as scalping. But there are other nefarious bots, too, such as bots that scrape pricing and inventory data, bots that create fake accounts, and bots that test out stolen login credentials. And it gets more difficult every day for real customers to buy hyped products directly from online retailers. It supports 250 plus retailers and claims to have facilitated over 2 million successful checkouts. For instance, customers can shop on sites such as Offspring, Footpatrol, Travis Scott Shop, and more. This information may include name, address, contact information, and specify the nature of the request. These guides facilitate smooth communication with the Chatbot and help users have an efficient online ordering process. When you hear “online shopping bot”, you’ll probably think of a scraping bot like the one just mentioned, or a scalper bot that buys sought-after products. What products do ecommerce bots target? Understanding what your customer needs is critical to keep them engaged with your brand. They answer all your customers’ queries in no time and make them feel valued. You can get the best out of your chatbots if you are working in the retail or eCommerce industry. If the ticketing company doesn’t, they simply won’t get the contract. When a true customer is buying a PlayStation from a reseller in a parking lot instead of your business, you miss out on so much. Explore how to create a smart bot for your e-commerce using Directual and ChatBot.com. EBay has one of the most advanced internal search bars in the world, and they certainly learned a lot from ShopBot about how to plan for consumer searches in the future. The key to preventing bad bots is that the more layers of protection used, the less bots can slip through the cracks. Increased account creations, especially leading up to a big launch, could indicate account creation bots at work. They’ll create fake accounts which bot makers will later use to place orders for scalped product. What is a conversion rate? For example, the virtual waiting room can flag aggressive IP addresses trying to take multiple spots in line, or traffic coming from data centers known to be bot havens. These insights can help you close the door on bad bots before they ever reach your website. While a one-off product drop or flash sale selling out fast is typically seen as a success, bots pose major risks to several key drivers of ecommerce success. Instead, bot makers typically host their scalper bots in data centers to obtain hundreds of IP addresses at relatively low cost. Limited-edition product drops involve the perfect recipe of high demand and low supply for bots and resellers. These bots are created to prompt the user to complete their abandoned purchase online by offering incentives such as discounts or reduced prices. Some are entertainment-based as they provide interesting and interactive games, polls, or news articles of interest that are specifically personalized to the interest of the users. Others are used to schedule appointments and are helpful in-service industries such as salons and aestheticians. Hotel and Vacation rental industries also utilize these booking Chatbots as they attempt to make customers commit to a date, thus generating sales for those users. Bad actors don’t have bots stop at putting products in online shopping carts. By the time the retailer closed the loophole that gave the bad actors access, people had picked up their PS5s—all before the general public even knew about the new stock. What all shopping bots have in common is that they provide the person using the bot with an unfair advantage. If shoppers were athletes, using a shopping bot would be the equivalent of doping. Yotpo gives your brand the ability to offer superior SMS experiences targeting mobile shoppers. You can start sending out personalized messages to foster loyalty and engagements. It’s also possible to run text campaigns to promote product releases, exclusive sales, and more –with A/B testing available. For instance, it can directly interact with users, asking a series of questions and offering product recommendations. Coding a shopping bot requires a good understanding of natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning algorithms. Alternatively, with no-code, you can create shopping bots without any prior knowledge of coding whatsoever. Creating an amazing shopping bot with no-code tools is an absolute breeze nowadays. It’s a bit more complicated as you’re starting with an empty screen, but the interface is user-friendly and easy to understand. In fact, a study shows that over 82% of shoppers want an immediate response when contacting a brand with a marketing or sales question. The bot-to-human feature ensures that users can reach out to your team for support. There’s also an AI Assistant to help with flow creation and messaging. ChatBot integrates seamlessly into Shopify to showcase offerings, reduce product search time, and show order status – among many other features. Some leads prefer talking to a person on the phone, while others will leave your store for a competitor’s site if you don’t have live chat or an ecommerce chatbot. Let’s say you purchased a pair of jeans from an online clothing store but you want to return them. You’re not sure how to start the return process, so you open the site’s ecommerce chatbot to get help. Its an online bot written in python using selenium, to order flipkart products automatically based on the user’s choice. This Bot can be helpful during flash sales and big billion day sales on flipkart. - Shopping bots cater to customer sentiment by providing real-time responses to queries, which is a critical factor in improving customer satisfaction. - With the likes of ChatGPT and other advanced LLMs, it’s quite possible to have a shopping bot that is very close to a human being. - Like WeChat, the Canadian-based Kik Interactive company launched the Bot Shop platform for third-party developers to build bots on Kik. - These bots are like your best customer service and sales employee all in one. Some buying bots automate the checkout process and help users secure exclusive deals or limited products. Bots can also search the web Chat PG for affordable products or items that fit specific criteria. But shopping bots offer more than just time-saving and better deals. So, make it a point to monitor your bot and its performance to ensure you’re providing the support customers need. Headquartered in San Francisco, Intercom is an enterprise that specializes in business messaging solutions. In 2017, Intercom introduced their Operator bot, ” a bot built with manners.” Intercom designed their Operator bot to be smarter by making the bot helpful, restrained, and tactful. The end result has the bot understanding the user requirement better and communicating to the user in a helpful and pleasant way. Customers just need to enter the travel date, choice of accommodation, and location. They are less costly for a business at the expense of company health plans, insurance, and salary. They are also less likely to incur staffing issues such as order errors, unscheduled absences, disgruntled employees, or inefficient staff. Taking a critical eye to the full details of each order increases your chances of identifying illegitimate purchases. They use proxies to obscure IP addresses and tweak shipping addresses—an industry practice known as “address jigging”—to fly under the radar of these checks. Finally, the best bot mitigation platforms will use machine learning to constantly adapt to the bot threats on your specific web application. These will quickly show you if there are any issues, updates, or hiccups that need to be handled in a timely manner. This will ensure the consistency of user experience when interacting with your brand. The TARS team was extremely responsive and the level of support went beyond our expectations. Overall our experience has been fantastic and I would recommend their services to others. One of its important features is its ability to understand screenshots and provide context-driven assistance. The chatbots can answer questions about payment options, measure customer satisfaction, and even offer discount codes to decrease shopping cart abandonment. An excellent Chatbot builder will design a Chatbot script that helps users of the online ordering application. The knowledgeable Chatbot builder offers the right mix of technology and also provides interactive Chatbot communication to users of online shopping platforms. This helps users compare prices, resolve sales queries and create a hassle-free online ordering experience. The rapid increase in online transactions worldwide has caused businesses to seek innovative ways to automate online shopping. The creation of shopping bot business systems to handle the volume of orders, customer queries, and transactions has made the online ordering process much easier. Having a checkout bot increases the number of completed transactions and, therefore, sales. Checkout bot’s main feature is the convenience and ease of shopping. An excellent Chatbot builder offers businesses the opportunity to increase sales when they create online ordering bots that speed up the checkout process. Tidio’s online shopping bots automate customer support, aid your marketing efforts, and provide natural experience for your visitors. What’s worse, for flash sales on big days like Black Friday, retailers often sell products below margins to attract new customers and increase brand affinity among existing ones. In these scenarios, getting customers into organic nurture flows is enough for retailers to accept minor losses on products. In the frustrated customer’s eyes, the fault lies with you as the retailer, not the grinch bot. Genuine customers feel lied to when you say you didn’t have enough inventory. - You can also quickly build your shopping chatbots with an easy-to-use bot builder. - Data from Akamai found one botnet sent more than 473 million requests to visit a website during a single sneaker release. - To get a sense of scale, consider data from Akamai that found one botnet sent more than 473 million requests to visit a website during a single sneaker release. - This bot application’s development tool and programming language should seamlessly integrate across all platforms such as MAC IOS and Windows to facilitate better end-user testing. - Customer representatives may become too busy to handle all customer inquiries on time reasonably. Unfortunately, they’ve only grown more sophisticated with each year. Only when a shopper buys the product on the resale site will the bad actor have the bot execute the purchase. By holding products in the carts they deny other shoppers the chance to buy them. What often happens is that discouraged shoppers turn to resale sites and fork over double or triple the sale price to get what they couldn’t from the original seller. You can use one of the ecommerce platforms, like Shopify or WordPress, to install the bot on your site. Or, you can also insert a line of code into your website’s backend. I recommend experimenting with different ecommerce templates to see which ones work best for your customers. Let’s take a closer look at how chatbots work, how to use them with your shop, and five of the best chatbots out there. You can integrate LiveChatAI into your e-commerce site using the provided script. Its live chat feature lets you join conversations that the AI manages and assign chats to team members. You can make a chatbot for online shopping to streamline the purchase processes for the users. These chatbots act like personal assistants and help your target audience know more about your brand and its products. H&M is one of the most easily recognizable brands online or in stores. Hence, H&M’s shopping bot caters exclusively to the needs of its shoppers. This retail bot works more as a personalized shopping assistant by learning from shopper preferences. It also uses data from other platforms to enhance the shopping experience. Ecommerce chatbots relieve consumer friction, leading to higher sales and satisfaction. Customers’ conversations with chatbots are based on predefined conditions, events, or triggers centered on the customer journey. At Kommunicate, we are envisioning a world-beating customer support solution to empower the new era of customer support. We would love to have you on board to have a first-hand experience of Kommunicate. You can signup here and start delighting your customers right away. LiveChatAI isn’t limited to e-commerce sites; it spans various communication channels like Intercom, Slack, and email for a cohesive customer journey. This bot for buying online helps businesses automate their services and create a personalized experience for customers. The system uses AI technology and handles questions it has been trained on. On top of that, it can recognize when queries are related to the topics that the bot’s been trained on, even if they’re not the same questions. You can also quickly build your shopping chatbots with an easy-to-use bot builder. So, letting an automated purchase bot be the first point of contact for visitors has its benefits. These include faster response times for your clients and lower number of customer queries your human agents need to handle. If a hidden page is receiving traffic, it’s not going to be from genuine visitors. As bots get more sophisticated, they also become harder to distinguish from legitimate human customers. The bot-riddled Nvidia sales were a sign of warning to competitor AMD, who “strongly recommended” their partner retailers implement bot detection and management strategies. There are hundreds of YouTube videos like the one below that show sneakerheads using bots to scoop up product for resale. And it’s not just individuals buying sneakers for resale—it’s an industry. As streetwear and sneaker interest exploded, sneaker bots became the first major retail bots. This will show you how effective the bots are and how satisfied your visitors are with them. Unfortunately, shopping bots aren’t a “set it and forget it” kind of job. They need monitoring and continuous adjustments to work at their full potential. But if you want your shopping bot to understand the user’s intent and natural language, then you’ll need to add AI bots to your arsenal. You can foun additiona information about ai customer service and artificial intelligence and NLP. And to make it successful, you’ll need to train your chatbot on your FAQs, previous inquiries, and more. That’s where you’re in full control over the triggers, conditions, and actions of the chatbot. Sneaker bot operators aren’t hiding in the shadows—they’re openly showing off their wins. A credential cracking bot will start with one value, like an email, and then test different password combinations until the login is successful. When that happens, the software code could instruct the bot to notify a certain email address. The shopper would have to specify the web page URL and the email address, and the bot will vigilantly check the web page on their behalf. For example, imagine that shoppers want to see a re-stock of collectible toys as soon as they become available. One option would be to sit at their computer, manually refresh their browser, and stare at their screen 24/7 until that re-stock happens. Once you have identified which bots are legally allowed for your business, then you can freely approach a Chatbot builder with your ordering bot design proposal. Shopping bots aren’t just for big brands—small businesses can also benefit from them. The bot asks customers a series of questions to determine the recipient’s interests and preferences, then recommends products based on those answers. Other issues, like cart abandonment and poor customer experience, only add fuel to the fire. The shopping bot helps build a complete outfit by offering recommendations in a multiple-choice format. This bot provides direct access to the customer service platform and available clothing selection. There are many online shopping Chatbot application tools available on the market. Many Chatbot builders have free versions for the more simplified bots, while the more advanced bots are designed to be more responsive to customer interactions and communications. Cashing out bots then buy the products reserved by scalping or denial of inventory bots. Representing the sophisticated, next-generation bots, denial of inventory bots add products to online shopping carts and hold them there. Online shopping bots work by using software to execute automated tasks based on instructions bot makers provide. This is thanks to the artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing, this engine used to make the bots. This no-code software is also easy to set up and offers a variety of chatbot templates for a quick start. Simple online shopping bots are more task-driven bots programmed to give very specific automated answers to users. This would include a basic Chatbot for businesses on online social media business apps, such as Meta (Facebook or Instagram). These bots do not factor in additional variables or machine learning, have a limited database, and are inadequate in their conversational capabilities. These online bots are useful for giving basic information such as FAQs, business hours, information on products, and receiving orders from customers. Train your AI shopping chatbots A shopping bot provides users with many different functions, and there are many different types of online ordering bots. A Chatbot is an automated computer program designed to provide customer support by answering customer queries and communicating with them in real-time. A shopping bot is a part of the software that can automate the process of online shopping for users. Online shopping bots can automatically reply to common questions with pre-set answer sets or use AI technology to have a more natural interaction with users. They can also help ecommerce businesses gather leads, offer product recommendations, and send personalized discount codes to visitors. For this tutorial, we’ll be playing around with one scenario that is set to trigger on every new object in TMessageIn data structure. Shopping bots enable brands to drive a wide range of valuable use cases. What I didn’t like – They reached out to me in Messenger without my consent. As I added items to my cart, https://chat.openai.com/ I was near the end of my customer journey, so this is the reason why they added 20% off to my order to help me get across the line. If you don’t offer next day delivery, they will buy the product elsewhere. So, make sure that your team monitors the chatbot analytics frequently after deploying your bots. In the Bot Store, you’ll find a large collection of chatbot templates you can use to help build your bot, including customer support, FAQs, hotel room reservations, and more. Templates save time and allow you to create your bot even without much technical knowledge. Creating a positive customer experience is a top priority for brands in 2024. A laggy site or checkout mistakes lead to higher levels of cart abandonment (more on that soon) and failure to meet consumer expectations. Ecommerce chatbots can revitalize a store’s customer experience and make it more interactive too. WeChat also has an open API and SKD that helps make the onboarding procedure easy. What follows will be more of a conversation between two people that ends in consumer needs being met. You can easily build your shopping bot, supporting your customers 24/7 with lead qualification and scheduling capabilities. The dashboard leverages user information, conversation history, and events and uses AI-driven intent insights to provide analytics that makes a difference. With Kommunicate, you can offer your customers a blend of automation while retaining the human touch. With the help of codeless bot integration, you can kick off your support automation with minimal effort. Shopping bots are computer programs that automate users’ online ordering and self-service shopping process. Mindsay believes that shopping bots can help reduce response times and support costs while improving customer engagement and satisfaction. Its shopping bot can perform a wide range of tasks, including answering customer questions about products, updating users on the delivery status, and promoting loyalty programs. Its voice and chatbots may be accessed on multiple channels from WhatsApp to Facebook Messenger. Certainly empowers businesses to leverage the power of conversational AI solutions to convert more of their traffic into customers. Rather than providing a ready-built bot, customers can build their conversational assistants with easy-to-use templates. Such bots can either work independently or as part of a self-service system. The bots ask users questions on choices to save time on hunting for the best bargains, offers, discounts, and deals. The more advanced option will be coded to provide an extensive list of language options for users. This helps users to communicate with the bot’s online ordering system with ease. By managing your traffic, you’ll get full visibility with server-side analytics that helps you detect and act on suspicious traffic. You can boost your customer experience with a seamless bot-to-human handoff for a superior customer experience. In the initial interaction with the Chatbot user, the bot would first have to introduce itself, and so a Chatbot builder offers the flexibility to name the Chatbot. Ideally, the name should sound personable, easy to pronounce, and native to that particular country or region. For example, an online ordering bot that will be used in India may introduce itself as “Hi…I am Sujay…” instead of using a more Western name. Introductions establish an immediate connection between the user and the Chatbot. In this way, the online ordering bot provides users with a semblance of personalized customer interaction. WhatsApp, on the other hand, is a great option if you want to reach international customers, as it has a large user base outside of the United States. Slack is another platform that’s gaining popularity, particularly among businesses that use it for internal communication. Like Chatfuel, ManyChat offers a drag-and-drop interface that makes it easy for users to create and customize their chatbot. In addition, ManyChat offers a variety of templates and plugins that can be used to enhance the functionality of your shopping bot. After this, the shopping bot will then search the web to get you just the right deal to meet your needs as best as possible. Travel is a domain that requires the highest level of customer service as people’s plans are constantly in flux, and travel conditions can change at the drop of a hat. Shopify Messenger also functions as an efficient sales channel, integrating with the merchant’s current backend. The messenger extracts the required data in product details such as descriptions, images, specifications, etc. Once repairs and updates to the bot’s online ordering system have been made, the Chatbot builders have to go through rigorous testing again before launching the online bot. Online ordering bots will require extensive user testing on a variety of devices, platforms, and conditions, to determine if there are any bugs in the application. EBay’s idea with ShopBot was to change the way users searched for products. Online food service Paleo Robbie has a simple Messenger bot that lets customers receive one alert per week each time they run a promotion. Their shopping bot has put me off using the business, and others will feel the same. Founded in 2017, Tars is a platform that allows users to create chatbots for websites without any coding. With Tars, users can create a shopping bot that can help customers find products, make purchases, and receive personalized recommendations. Founded in 2015, ManyChat is a platform that allows users to create chatbots for Facebook Messenger without any coding. With ManyChat, users can create a shopping bot that can help customers find products, make purchases, and receive personalized recommendations. Founded in 2015, Chatfuel is a platform that allows users to create chatbots for Facebook Messenger and Telegram without any coding. So, check out Tidio reviews and try out the platform for free to find out if it’s a good match for your business. ManyChat works with Instagram, WhatsApp, SMS, and Facebook Messenger, but it also offers several integrations, including HubSpot, MailChimp, Google Sheets, and more. ChatBot hits all customer touchpoints, bot for online shopping and AI resolves 80% of queries. Get going with our crush course for beginners and create your first project. Ticketmaster, for instance, reports blocking over 13 billion bots with the help of Queue-it’s virtual waiting room. Once scripts are made, they aren’t always updated with the latest browser version. Probably the most well-known type of ecommerce bot, scalping bots use unfair methods to get limited-availability and/or preferred goods or services. BargainBot seeks to replace the old boring way of offering discounts by allowing customers to haggle the price. The bot can strike deals with customers before allowing them to proceed to checkout. With recent hyped releases of the PlayStation 5, there’s reason to believe this was even higher. So it’s not difficult to see how they overwhelm web application infrastructure, leading to site crashes and slowdowns. The fake accounts that bots generate en masse can give a false impression of your true customer base. Here are six real-life examples of shopping bots being used at various stages of the customer journey. And what’s more, you don’t need to know programming to create one for your business. All you need to do is get a platform that suits your needs and use the visual builders to set up the automation. Tidio is an AI chatbot that integrates human support to solve customer problems. This AI chatbot for ecommerce uses Lyro AI for more natural and human-like conversations. This company uses its shopping bots to advertise its promotions, collect leads, and help visitors quickly find their perfect bike. Story Bikes is all about personalization and the chatbot makes the customer service processes faster and more efficient for its human representatives. This way, your potential customers will have a simpler and more pleasant shopping experience which can lead them to purchase more from your store and become loyal customers. Moreover, you can integrate your shopper bots on multiple platforms, like a website and social media, to provide an omnichannel experience for your clients. The entire shopping experience for the buyer is created on Facebook Messenger. Your customers can go through your entire product listing and receive product recommendations. If you’re looking to increase sales, offer 24/7 support, etc., you’ll find a selection of 20 tools. Currently, conversational AI bots are the most exciting innovations in customer experience. They help businesses implement a dialogue-centric and conversational-driven sales strategy. For instance, customers can have a one-on-one voice or text interactions. They can receive help finding suitable products or have sales questions answered. The usefulness of an online purchase bot depends on the user’s needs and goals. For example, Sephora’s Kik Bot reaches out to its users with beauty videos and helps the viewers find the products used in the video to purchase online. Furthermore, the bot offers in-store shoppers product reviews and ratings. The beauty of WeChat is its instant messaging and social media aspects that you can leverage to friend their consumers on the platform. Such a customer-centric approach is much better than the purely transactional approach other bots might take to make sales. It also comes with exit intent detection to reduce page abandonments. You can even embed text and voice conversation capabilities into existing apps. Customers expect seamless, convenient, and rewarding experiences when shopping online. There is little room for slow websites, limited payment options, product stockouts, or disorganized catalogue pages. Many shopping bots have two simple goals, boosting sales and improving customer satisfaction. The use of artificial intelligence in designing shopping bots has been gaining traction. AI-powered bots may have self-learning features, allowing them to get better at their job. The inclusion of natural language processing (NLP) in bots enables them to understand written text and spoken speech. Conversational AI shopping bots can have human-like interactions that come across as natural. In each example above, shopping bots are used to push customers through various stages of the customer journey.
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International development has remained a key driver of global economic relations since the field emerged in the mid-20th century. From its initial focus on colonization and state building, the field has grown to encompass a wide range of issues, theoretical problems, and disciplinary traditions. The year 1945 is widely considered as a turning point in the study of international development. Three factors account for this: the emergence of the United States as an economic hegemon after World War II; the ideological rivalry that defined the Cold War; and the period of decolonization that peaked around 1960, forcing development issues, including foreign aid, state building, and multilateral engagement, onto the global agenda. Since then, development paradigms have continuously evolved, adapted, and been reinvented to address the persistent gap between the prosperous economies of the “developed North” and the frequently troubled economies of the “Global South.” In the early 2000s, a loosely knit holistic paradigm emerged that recognized the deficiencies of its predecessors, yet built on their strengths. Now called “development cooperation,” this holistic approach embraces methodological pluralism in the scholarly study of development, while recognizing that multiple stakeholders contribute to the development agenda in practice from policy practitioners, entrepreneurs, and corporations to nonstate actors such as community groups and Indigenous peoples. In 2015, development cooperation was on full display with the adoption by 193 countries of the expansive United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to serve as the global guideposts for future development initiatives. While exceedingly optimistic in good times, the economic effects of the global pandemic wrought by the spread of COVID-19 in 2020 threatened to undo many of the perceived global gains realized in the development context over the preceding 25 years. Regardless of the speed of recovery of the global system, the profound reverberations on foreign aid and thus the backsliding of global progress indicators is a likely outcome for many years to come. Development Theory and the Global Aid Regime Franklin Barr Lebo Development: Institutional Perspectives There are three key literatures on the political economy of development that all emphasize the importance of institutions, but in different and somewhat contradictory ways. These literatures focus on developmental states, good governance, and political economic pathways. The developmental states literature is based largely on case studies of East Asian countries that have, since about 1950, largely “caught up” to the already developed nations in Europe, North America, and the Antipodes. The central conclusion of this literature has been that successful late development requires a competent, committed state bureaucracy, independent enough to be capable of imposing its will on domestic businesspeople, but also sufficiently connected to them so as to make good decisions about what will to impose. The literature focusing on good governance, based largely in economics, also sees state actions and characteristics as keys to positive development outcomes. But while the developmental states literature argues that states need to play an interventionist role in “governing” markets (including not infrequently restricting them), the good governance literature usually looks more favorably on free markets. Finally, research in the political economic pathways literature tends to examine much longer periods of time than the other two literatures, and typically emphasizes economic and political developmental outcomes as joint products of differences in the historical trajectories followed by different countries. The key explanatory variables for this literature are a country’s circumstances in the colonial period, and levels and types of social inequality. Geographical Perspectives on Development Studies The history of development studies as a field of academic inquiry can be traced most directly back to the Cold War era when public funding for “development studies” went hand in hand with international development as a state project, particularly in the United States. Economists, sociologists, and planners began to take the development of the “Third World” as an object of analysis, partially in response to new funding opportunities and a discursive context legitimating it as a field of study. By the 1960s, geographers began to take (so-called) “Third World” modernization and development as an object of research. Geographers’ engagement with development as intervention, and eventually the exploration of uneven global development as part of the “ebb and flow of capitalism,” can be divided into three waves. The first wave, visible in the early 1960s, took the quantitative spatial models dominant at the time in geography, such as those concerning urbanization patterns, transportation linkages, regional development, and population movement, and began to apply them to “Third World” contexts. This second wave, linked to the turn toward Marxist theory by a new generation of geographers in the 1960s, explored the uneven geography of wealth and power produced by capitalism and launched a powerful critique of development intervention as imperialism. The third wave of debates emerged in the late 1980s–early 1990s and is associated with poststructural and postcolonial critiques gaining traction at the time in geography and related disciplines. Women and Development Valentine M. Moghadam Economic development gained prominence as a field of economics after World War II in relation to the prospects of what came to be called underdeveloped, decolonizing, developing, or Third World countries. The period between the 1950s and 1980s saw the emergence of various theories of economic development and policy strategies, and the growth of “development studies” reflected cross-disciplinary interest in the subject. In the early decades, women received little or no attention. If women were discussed at all in policy circles, it was in relation to their role as mothers, an approach that came to be known as the welfare or motherhood approach. The field of women in development (WID) emerged in the 1970s. Since the 1990s, women’s participation and gender dynamics have evolved as central issues in the discourse and policies of international development. Along with changes in theories and policies of economic development, WID developed with distinct or overlapping fields known as women and development (WAD), gender and development (GAD), the efficiency approach, and the empowerment approach. Several basic themes can be identified from the literature on women and gender in development, including: all societies exhibit a division of labor by sex; economic development has had a differential impact on men and women, although the impact on women has tended to be conditioned by class and ethnicity; economic policy making and institutions have a gendered nature, and the ways in which macroeconomics and the social relations of gender influence each other. International Organization and Human Development David C. Ellis Human development as a concept seeks to make individuals the driving force behind state development. Even though international organizations (IOs) are formal agreements by and for the benefit of member states and have historically prioritized states’ interests, it can still be argued that human beings have long been the central concern of many IOs, even for some of the oldest surviving ones today. Nowadays, the human development framework appears to serve as the principal intellectual and normative construct regarding how to achieve national economic growth while building broad social justice and opportunity for individuals. Its allure derives as much from its coherent philosophical critique of past empirical development failures as it does from its incorporation of values and ethics appealing to a broad spectrum of professionals working in the development community. The human development approach was in part necessitated by the monopolization of economic development by states even from the advent of the enterprise in the 1950s. But despite the widespread adoption of the human development framework as an operative concept in the practice of development, it is not without controversy. Most of the critique is directed toward the underlying premises of the capabilities approach and the elements its adherents must elucidate in order to effectively implement its tenets in policy. Cultural Political Economy William Biebuyck and Judith Meltzer Cultural political economy (CPE) is an approach to political economy that focuses on how economic systems, and their component parts, are products of specific human, technical, and natural relations. Notwithstanding longer historical roots, CPE emerged as part of the “cultural turn” within the social sciences. Although it is often seen as countering material determinism and the neglect of culture in conventional approaches in political economy, the cultural turn was less about “adding culture” than about challenging positivist epistemologies in social research. For some, cultural political economy continues to be defined by an orientation toward cultural or “lifeworld” variables such as identity, gender, discourse, and so on, in contrast to conventional political economy’s focus on the material or “systems” dimensions. However, this revalorization of the nonmaterial dimensions of political economic life reinforces a sharp distinction between the cultural and the material, an issue which can be traced to the concept of “(dis)embedding” the economy and subordinating society. A more noticeable development, however, is the increasing orientation of critical (CPE) analyses of global development toward the “economization” of the cultural in the context of mutating forms of neoliberalism. Concomitant to the economization of the cultural in narratives of global development is the “culturalization” of the economic. Here attention is paid not just to the growth of cultural industries but to the multiple ways in which culture has been normalized in discourses of global and corporate development. As a policy tool, aid has not been confined to the roles that foreign and economic policy theorists have prescribed for it. Foreign aid attracts controversy because it structures how global poverty will be addressed. Aid’s proponents believe that it can eradicate absolute poverty and close the income gap between rich and poor countries, but its critics believe it holds out only false hope and obscures the real nature of the problem. The unrequited transfer of wealth from a weak nation to a stronger one is an ancient tradition, but the notion that it would be powerful nations transferring wealth to advance the economic development of weaker ones was virtually unheard of until the post-World War II era, particularly during the highly polarized Cold War climate. During this time, aid was used as a means of competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for influence over Third World countries. Aid also became a tool for opening up the markets of the developing world and integrating them into the global economy. The fact that foreign aid has come to mean development assistance since has raised a series of questions debated in the scholarly literature. Moreover, it is universally acknowledged that donors use aid to achieve objectives other than development and poverty reduction. M. Leann Brown Sustainable development (SD) is defined as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” This definition is articulated in Our Common Future, a political manifesto published in 1987 by the United Nations’ World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). SD promises to resolve in a positive-sum manner the most daunting economic, environmental, political, and social challenges the world is currently facing. However, it has also become a much contested concept, mainly due to the comprehensiveness, ambiguity, and optimism inherent in its underlying assumptions. Ongoing debates within the literature deal with how to define, operationalize, and measure SD; how economic development and environmental protection are conceptualized as mutually supportive; how “nature” is treated in the literature; equity and overconsumption challenges to SD; and the governance, social learning, and normative transformations required to achieve SD. Reaching some consensus on definitions and operationalization of the multiple aspects of SD will lead to standards by which to assess development and environmental policies. Among the most urgent issues that must be addressed in future research are the roles and influence of the relatively new participants in governance, such as intergovernmental/nongovernmental organizations and corporations; the new modes of governance including public-private and private-private partnerships and network governance; and the impacts of implementing compatible and contradictory policies on the various levels and across policy areas. Development and Religion Robert M. Bosco The study of religion and development focuses on how the moral and ethical resources of the world’s major faith traditions such as Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism might tame the worst excesses of market civilization. Whereas states, corporations, and international development institutions often define “development” as economic growth and all of the adjustments required to achieve it, religious approaches consider the consequences of this conception of development and recommend that the achievement of material gain be tempered by compassion, conscience, a greater concern for social equity, and a responsible application of science and technology to both the social and natural worlds. The origins of the field of religion and development can be traced back to Max Weber's seminal investigations into the elective affinities between Protestantism and the spirit of capitalism. In the 1980s, the majority of scholarly literature grappled with the meaning and significance of Weber’s basic ideas in various contexts and locales as scholars examined whether, when, and how religious traditions enhance or inhibit development at the international, regional, national, or community levels of analysis. After a period of hibernation, the study of religion and development was reenergized in the late 1990s as religious leaders and faith-based organizations played a central role in challenging the policies and practices of international development institutions, especially the World Bank. Migration and Development There are three factors that persuade a migrant to cross borders: demand-pull in destination areas, supply-push in origin areas, and network factors that connect them. On the basis of this demand-pull, supply-push, and network framework, a distinction can be made between economic migrants who are encouraged to migrate because of a demand for their labor abroad and noneconomic migrants who cross national borders to seek refuge or to join family members living abroad. Many economists argue that trade and migration have similar effects on sending and receiving countries. However, there is no solid evidence showing that more migration accelerates economic development in migrant-sending countries. The effects of international migration on development are often grouped in the 3-R channels of recruitment, remittances, and returns, each of which can operate in ways that speed up or slow down economic development. Recruitment refers to who goes abroad, remittances are the amount of the money earned by migrants abroad that is sent home, and returns focus on what migrants do after a period of employment abroad. Majority of industrial countries have national laws that require all workers to receive minimum wages and migrants to receive the same wages and benefits as local workers. From the point of view of some developing countries, minimum and equal wages are a form of protectionism aimed at limiting the number of migrant service providers. A major challenge of the twenty-first century is how to resolve this trade-off between migrant numbers and migrant rights. Microfinance and Social Performance Robin Gravesteijn and James Copestake Microfinance refers to an array of financial services—including loans, savings, and insurance—available to poor entrepreneurs and small business owners who have no collateral and, otherwise, would not qualify for a standard bank loan. Those who promote microfinance generally believe that such access will help poor people out of poverty. For many, microfinance is a way to promote economic development, employment, and growth through the support of micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses; for others, it is a way for the poor to manage their finances more effectively and take advantage of economic opportunities while managing the risks. One of the newer fields that is getting more attention within microfinance is the measure of microfinance institutions’ (MFIs) social performance, which broadly is an indication of how well an MFI meets the social goals outlined in its mission and vision. Social performance is reflected in a wide range of indicators, including an MFI’s policies towards employees, like providing health care or maternity leave; to what degree an MFI targets the poorest of the poor for financial services; an MFI’s policies on environmental conservation; how low an MFI keeps its interest rates; how transparent an MFI is about these interest rates and other loan terms; and how an MFI’s services translate into improved lives for their clients. Intergovernmental Organizations and International Governance of Migration and Ethnic Politics An intergovernmental organization, or international organization (IO), is an organization composed primarily of sovereign states (referred to as member states), or of other intergovernmental organizations. They are important aspects of public international law. IOs are established by a treaty that acts as a charter creating the group, and these treaties are formed when lawful representatives (governments) of several states go through a ratification process, providing the IO with an international legal personality. IOs also take part in issues regarding migration and the prevention of ethnic conflicts. Scholars create a general criterion in defining “politically significant” ethnic groups that can be used to help bring into focus ethnicity in regard to IO involvement. Only the groups that have suffered or benefited from discrimination and have been politically mobilized are included in this criterion. This standard is beneficial when considering IOs as they will only become involved in ethnic group/state relations for groups such as these. Meanwhile, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is an intergovernmental organization that provides services and advice concerning migration to governments and migrants, including internally displaced persons, refugees, and migrant workers. From its roots as an operational logistics agency, the IOM has widened its scope to become the leading international agency working with governments and civil society to advance the understanding of migration issues, encourage social and economic development through migration, and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. Income Inequality and Economic Development The nature of the relationship between economic development and income inequality has long been the subject of considerable debate. Economic growth has very different effects on poverty, depending on a country’s level of income inequality. In high inequality countries, economic growth that raises the overall level of income disproportionately tends to benefit the rich, whereas policies that encourage economic growth while reducing income inequality will greatly accelerate the achievement of poverty reduction goals. Thus, understanding how income inequality and economic development are linked is important for establishing economic growth policies that reduce poverty. The literature on the economic development–income inequality nexus in industrial society places emphasis on the causes of current social inequality. The central and most cited paper in the literature is S. Kuznets’s “Economic Growth and Income Inequality” (1955), which proposed an inverted U-shaped relationship between development and inequality over the course of industrialization. Some scholars have tried to build upon Kuznets’s theory by focusing on his claim that income inequality is a function of the nature of regulations put on the market. Other studies deal with the importance of studying the relationship between democracy and inequality, the effect of the nature of the government on shaping inequality compared to industrialization, and the implications of globalization for income inequality. This overview of the literature shows that there is little true consensus on the relationship between inequality and development and highlights two major areas for improvement: measurement and data quality. Terrorism and Foreign Policy Before the late 1960s, terrorism was commonly viewed as an internal problem that belonged to the realm of policing rather than foreign policy. The Palestinian Front for the Liberation of Palestine’s airplane hijackings in Europe, combined with the 1972 Munich Olympics wherein eleven Israeli athletes were captured and held hostage by Black September, gave rise to some foundational counterterrorism policy features; for example, no negotiations with terrorists. But it was not until the 1983–1984 attacks on its embassy and the Marine barracks in Beirut that the United States began to see terrorism as a policy concern. The terrorist attacks of September 11 also led scholars to become increasingly interested in integrating work on international terrorism into international relations (IR) and foreign policy theories. The theories of IR, foreign policy concerns of policy makers, and terrorism studies intersect in areas such as the development of international law governing terrorism, poverty, economic development, globalization, military actions, and questions of whether deterrence is still possible in the age of decentralized terrorist groups and suicidal terrorism. Despite decades of research on terrorism and counterterrorism, some very basic and important gaps remain. Issues that the academic literature on foreign policy or terrorism must address include the effects of the evolving organizational structure of terrorist groups, illegal immigration, the radicalization of European Muslims, and the phenomenon recently identified as “swarming.” Economic and Social Rights William F. Felice Economic rights refer to the right to property, the right to work, and the right to social security. Social rights are those entitlements necessary for an adequate standard of living, including rights to food, housing, health, and education. Since economic rights have a social basis, and social rights have an economic basis, both classifications are considered of equal importance and interdependent. The intellectual and social dimensions of economic and social rights have evolved from at least four spheres: religion, philosophy, politics, and law. Throughout history, individuals and groups debated and accepted obligations to help the needy and prevent suffering. There were both religious and secular dimensions to these undertakings. Early human rights advocates moreover proclaimed an interdependence between civil and political rights and economic and social rights and criticized those who made too sharp a distinction between them. A central debate over economic and social rights relates to their legal validity. Some scholars argue that by their very nature, economic and social rights are not “justiciable.” Another issue is the link between economic and social rights in meeting basic human needs and the alleviation of global poverty. The right to development is also important in debates on economic and social rights, as it attempts to correct the economic distortions left by the legacy of colonial domination. Perhaps the most promising new approach to economic and social rights is Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach, which focuses on what individuals need for adequate functioning. Modernization theory studies the process of social evolution and the development of societies. There are two levels of analysis in classical modernization theory: the microcosmic evaluations of modernization, which focuses on the componential elements of social modernization; and the macrocosmic studies of modernization focused on the empirical trajectories and manifest processes of the modernization of nations and their societies, economies, and polities. However, there are two key sources of problems with classical modernization theory. The first is the determinism implied in the logic of modernization, while the second relates to the specific development patterns that modernization theory must contend with. A contemporary theory on modernization relates structural change at a higher level of analysis to instrumental action at a lower level of analysis, doing so within a stochastic framework rather than the deterministic one that classical modernization theory implied. In addition, the refocused attention of social scientists on the process of development has led to a renewed interest in the characterization of the relationship between economic development and democratization. The transformation of knowledge into economic development can be examined by looking at the weightless economy—a collection of “weightless” knowledge products such as software, the Internet, and electronic databases. It is closely connected to a weightless political concept called the credible polity, which is a government that creates institutions that credibly protect property rights and are also transparent in their functioning to all members of its society. Development, Welfare Policy, and the Welfare State One of the most significant structural transformations in postwar capitalist democracies has been the rise of the welfare state. The theoretical intent of the traditional sociological and economic inquiry into the welfare state has focused less on trying to understand the welfare state itself and more on to what extent and under what conditions welfare provisions influence social and economic outcomes such as equality, employment, and labor market behavior. Over time, however, scholars have turned toward historical and political factors. G. Esping-Andersen identified three types of welfare state that seem incongruent with the real worlds of welfare capitalism: the “liberal,” “conservative/corporatist,” and “social democratic.” In contrast to the period until the mid-1980s that focused on welfare state expansion, the late 1980s saw the emergence of new streams of literature whose emphasis was on welfare state retrenchment. More recently, scholars have advanced the argument that the globalization of capital markets has effectively increased the power of capital over governments that seek to expand or maintain relatively high levels of social protection and taxation. Another notable trend is the increased intellectual interest in the relation between development and social policy and the growing interface between social policy and economic policy. A question that arises is whether distinctive welfare regimes have the ability to survive, particularly if their norms clash with those of the competition, or Schumpeterian workfare state. The Right to Development Daniel J. Whelan The right to development is an internationally recognized human right that entitles every human person and all peoples to participate in, contribute to, and enjoy economic, social, cultural, civil, and political development. It is a right held both by individual human persons and all peoples. The right was enshrined in the Declaration on the Right to Development, adopted by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly in December 1986. It has since been reiterated as indivisible with all other human rights in scores of UN resolutions and summit outcome documents, most notably the 2030 Agenda for Development, adopted by consensus in 2015. The right to development entails a variety of obligations on states (at the domestic and international levels), regional actors, non-state actors (e.g., transnational corporations), and international organizations. Since 2019, the UN Human Rights Council’s Intergovernmental Working Group on the Right to Development has been discussing a draft Convention on the Right to Development to codify these obligations. Since it first came under discussion at the UN in the 1970s, the right to development has consistently generated debate and controversy among scholars and governments, which has frustrated the formation of a consensus around both conceptual issues (the nature and scope of such a right and how it is defined) and practical considerations (the extent of obligations, who holds them, and challenges of monitoring and implementation). There are those, especially (but not exclusively) in the Global South, who view the right to development as rightfully prioritizing the international duty to cooperate, which is a prerequisite for, first, the realization of economic, social, and cultural rights, and then of civil and political rights. This duty obligates developed countries to provide economic, technological, and other resources to developing states, free of conditionalities. In contrast, although generally agreeing that there are important “soft” obligations for development, skeptics, especially (but not exclusively) in the Global North, are wary of making such aid and assistance obligatory, and they are concerned that the right to development may be (or has been) used to justify curtailing especially civil and political rights in the name of “development.” They instead argue for a “human rights approach to development” that entails national-level commitments to good governance, transparency, accountability, and respect for all human rights in the development process.
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Method and apparatus for retrieving secure information from mass storage media A personal computer or "host computer" and a Mass storage device are arranged on an SCSI bus. A "decryption controller", in a separate enclosure outside of the host computer, is also arranged on the SCSI bus. This controller is addressable by the host computer as if it were the mass storage device. Upon receipt of an information request, the decryption controller initiates a request to the mass storage device for the desired information, retrieves this information, decrypts it (if it is encrypted) and then passes it to the host computer. The decryption controller is thus "transparent" to the host computer. Latest Infosafe Systems, Inc. Patents: The present invention relates to a system (method and apparatus) for retrieving secure information from a mass storage medium such as a CD-ROM, for temporary storage and usage by an information user. Systems for storage and retrieval of secure information are well known in the art. As used herein, the term "secure information" is intended to mean information (alphanumeric data, graphics and the like) which is either encrypted or otherwise protected to prevent access thereto except by an authorized user. Such systems have been proposed and are employed both for the case where the information source (database) is centralized, and for the case where the information source has been distributed to multiple users. In the latter case, CD-ROMs have been used to export databases to multiple users so that information storage and retrieval takes place at the user site. In the U.S. Pat. No. 5,010,571 to Ron Katznelson and the U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,827,508, 4,977,594 and 5,050,213 to Victor Shear, it is proposed to provide encrypted digital information on CD-ROMs at the user site and to monitor and account for each item or "packet" of information which is retrieved and decrypted from a CD-ROM by an authorized user. This concept of retrieving information on a "pay-as-you-go" basis is also disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,575 of Peter J. Sprague and Thomas H. Lipscomb to include individual access to encrypted data which is "broadcast" to multiple user sites from a central source and/or to provide individual access to encrypted data stored at a central source, using conventional time sharing techniques and transmission via telephone dial-up or local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) communication. All of these prior art systems permit the user's access to the secure information to be monitored and strictly controlled. This is accomplished, in practice, by maintaining a record at each user site of each information packet which is retrieved and the cost thereof to the user, and then "polling" all user sites from a remote central site, on a regular basis, to retrieve the user data and, if necessary, disable the equipment at one or more user sites to prevent further access to the secure information at these sites. Systems of this type require specialized electronic circuitry at each user site which operates in cooperation with a central computer at a remote site. Particularly when decryption must be effected at each user site, it is difficult to maintain the security and integrity of this electronic equipment. Furthermore, the provision of an electronic circuit board, or the like, to a personal computer at a user workstation can (actually or apparently) compromise the integrity of this computer, thus making the system difficult to implement in practice.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A principal object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for retrieving secure information from a mass storage medium at a user site which is not susceptible to attack or compromise by a user. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a system for retrieving secure information from a mass storage medium at a user site which does not require a reconfiguration of a personal computer at the user site. These objects, as well as further objects which will become apparent from the discussion that follows, are achieved, in accordance with the present invention, by providing a personal computer or "host computer" and a mass storage medium reader arranged on an SCSI bus, and providing a "decryption controller", in a separate enclosure outside of the host computer and also arranged on the SCSI bus, which is addressable by the host computer as if it were the storage medium reader. Upon receipt of an information request, the decryption controller initiates a request to the storage medium reader for the desired information, retrieves this information, decrypts it if it is encrypted, and then passes it to the host computer. The decryption controller is thus "transparent" to the host computer. For a full understanding of the present invention, reference should now be made to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a representative diagram of a workstation comprising a personal computer (PC), a CD-ROM reader and a decryption controller all arranged on an SCSI bus. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a decryption controller for use in the system of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the general operation of the decryption controller of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the general operation of the decryption controller of FIG. 2 in response to an SCSI command from the host computer. FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the general operation of the decryption controller in response to an SCSI command to retrieve an item of information. FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing the operation of the decryption controller in decrypting data. FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the operation of the decryption controller in creating a decryption key.DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1-7 of the drawings. Identical elements in the various figures are designated with the same reference numerals. FIG. 1 illustrates the general nature of the system according to the present invention. As shown here, the system involves a digital computer workstation which is capable of retrieving secure data from a database stored on one or more CD-ROMs. In order to prevent unauthorized access to the stored information, at least some of the individual items of information ("information packets") are encrypted prior to storage on a CD-ROM. Some of the information packets may also be stored in decrypted (cleartext) form on a CD-ROM and can be retrieved by any workstation user by means of a CD-ROM reader. However, only an authorized user with a proper validated code is allowed to decrypt the encrypted information packets. Upon release of the secure and, if desired, the non-secure information to an authorized user, the user is charged a preset fee set by the information provider (copyright owner or publisher of the information). This charge is effected automatically by debiting a financial account which has previously been established between the user and the information provider. To implement this system, there is provided a workstation comprising a personal computer (PC) 10, a CD-ROM reader 12 and a decryption controller 14. These three devices, which may be stand-alone devices each arranged in a separate enclosure or combined in one or two enclosures--e.g., the PC 10 in one enclosure and the CD-ROM reader 12 and controller 14 in another --are connected in a well-known manner to a Small Computer System Interface ("SCSI") bus 16 via a bus interface and controller 18. The personal computer 10 and the CD-ROM reader 12 are conventional devices which are available commercially. The decryption controller is a special purpose device which operates to receive encrypted data from the CD-ROM reader, decrypt this data if authorized to do so, and transport the decrypted data to the host computer 10 for storage either in its active memory (RAM) or hard disk drive. The decryption controller also keeps a running account of the identity of, and charge for each information packet which is decrypted for later transmission, e.g. by telephone line, to a central billing facility at a remote site. A monitoring facility of this type is known from the aforementioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,010,571; 4,827,5089 and 5,247,575. Once an information packet is decrypted and transferred to the host computer 10, the workstation user can display it on the computer screen, print out a hard copy and/or transmit a copy by LAN or modem to another workstation. In accordance with the SCSI standard, the SCSI bus extends no more than twenty-six feet in length from end to end and is provided with terminating impedances at each end. Each unit arranged on the bus is provided with a unique address from a maximum of eight addresses (zero to seven). The computer is usually given the address number seven; the addresses of the other devices on the bus may be selected from zero to seven with a manual switch arranged on each device. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the decryption controller 14 is disposed in its own enclosure, separate and apart from the personal computer 10 and possibly also the CD-ROM reader 12. To safeguard the firmware and codes which are used by the electronic circuitry, the decryption controller may be provided with light-sensitive, erasable memory circuits so that the contents of memory are erased if and when the enclosure is opened. FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the decryption controller. This device is connected to the SCSI bus 16 via receptacles 20 and a fifty pin header 22. The SCSI bus controller 18 operates in conjunction with a CPU 24 to receive requests for data from the host computer 10 and initiate requests for this data from the CD-ROM reader 12. The device is provided with its own separate power supply 26 so that it operates completely independently of the host computer 10. The decryption controller is also provided with a 2400 baud modem and telephone interface 28 so that it may communicate with a central billing computer at a remote site. This central billing computer routinely calls the decryption controller 18 at regular intervals--for example, each night--to download the logged information concerning each information packet (IP) that was decrypted, and/or to credit the financial account maintained by the decryption controller when the workstation user makes payment. The decryption controller 18 can also communicate with other devices, such as printers or the like, by means of an RS-232C transceiver 30 and an associated serial port connector 32. The SCSI address is set from zero to six by a manual ID selector 34. Date and time are provided by a real time clock 36. Firmware for the decryption controller is provided on two 128K flash memory chips 38; intermediate scratch pad storage is provided by a 256K dynamic RAM 40. Decryption of encrypted data is effected by a Data Encryption Standard (DES) module 42 which operates in conjunction with a key code scrambler 44. The key code scrambler maintains the keys used by the DES module for decryption. Alternatively, the decryption function and/or the key code scrambler function may be implemented in software (firmware) operating in the CPU 24. All keys utilized by the system are created and maintained in the decryption controller so that neither the workstation user nor the PC 10 will have access to these keys. All of the electronic circuit devices contained in the decryption controller of FIG. 2 are standard, commercially available devices. Part numbers are shown in FIG. 2 for the major components. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the system of FIG. 1 and, in particular, the decryption controller of FIG. 2, operates in the manner shown by the flow charts of FIG. 3-7. When first switched on, the CPU 24 executes a self-test routine as is conventional in the art (Block 45 in FIG. 3). Error messages are communicated to the host computer via the SCSI bus for display to the system user. Thereafter, the CPU enters the idle mode (Block 46) and awaits an interrupt. If the decryption controller receives an SCSI command from the host computer (Block 47) it processes this command (Block 48) as will be described hereinafter in connection with FIG. 4. If the decryption controller receives an incoming telephone message (Block 49) from a central billing computer, it processes this message (Block 50) before proceeding. Typical telephone messages are set forth in Table I:TABLE I Set Credit (in financial account) Set Item Price Set User Password Clear Financial Account to Zero Get Financial Account Information Get User Information Create User Information Remove User Information Send User a Message Similarly, if an RS232 connection is established (Block 51), permitting communication either to or from the decryption controller, the controller either transmits information, for example to a printer, or receives a serial message of the type noted above. In this case, the serial message is processed (Block 52) and the controller returns to the idle state. FIG. 4 illustrates how an SCSI command from the host computer is treated by the decryption controller. When an SCSI command is received (Block 53) it is analyzed and processed (Block 54) by the decryption controller. Typical SCSI commands are set forth in Table II:TABLE II Get Financial Account Information Get Purchased Item Information Assent/Don't Assent to Purchase Item Poll for an Asynchronous Event (such as an "on sale" notice) Set User's Default Billing Reference (e.g., last billing reference number used) Get Decryption Controller Status (i.e., error codes) Get User Information (i.e., currently logged-in user) Receive Decrypted Data Certain PC commands require the decryption controller to call the central billing computer via the telephone modem. For example, if the financial account is decremented to zero, the decryption controller will automatically call and request additional credit. In this case, the decryption controller makes the call (Block 55) and executes the call-out sequence (Block 56). In the call-out protocol, the decryption controller dials the number of the central billing facility and transmits both its telephone and identification (ID) numbers. This simple transmission requests an immediate call-back from the central computer during which the financial account is automatically updated. Each telephone transaction, initiated by the central billing computer, preferably comprises three steps: (1) A download to the central billing facility of the current financial account status, all billing transactions completed since the previous download, and the user information stored in the decryption controller; (2) A transmission from the central billing facility to the decryption controller of any updates, such as changes in pricing information and the like; and (3) A communication of all error codes from the decryption controller to the central billing facility which indicate that the decryption controller is not functioning properly. In addition, the financial account balance in the decryption controller can be updated by the central billing facility. It can be credited, if payment was made to the central billing facility by the user, or debited, for example if a check was returned from the bank marked "insufficient funds". Each billing transaction provided to the central billing facility preferably contains, at a minimum, the following information: Time and Date of Decryption Identification No. of Information Packet (IP) Volume No. of CD-ROM Information Owner or Distributor of IP Type of IP (Classification) Price Paid for IP Billing Reference, if inserted by the User When an item (IP) is purchased by a user, and the decryption controller is able to complete this transaction by decrementing the financial account and decrypting the item, this transaction is logged into the flash memory 38 of the controller. In this case, the logging operation is flagged (Block 57) and carried out (Block 58) at the completion of the transaction. Thereafter, the decryption controller returns to the idle mode (Block 59). Referring to FIG. 5, the retrieval of an item (IP) commences with a request by the host computer 10 (Block 60). The host computer sends this request to the decryption controller 14 via the SCSI bus which processes the request and then sends the item to the host (Block 61), as if it were the CD-ROM reader. The host computer 10 thus addresses the decryption controller, rather than the CD-ROM reader; however, with the exception of this difference, the host computer operates in such a manner as if it were requesting the item of data directly from the CD-ROM reader. Thus, as far as the host computer 10 is concerned, the decryption controller is the CD-ROM reader; i.e., it is indistinguishable from, and "transparent" to the host computer. The decryption controller initially queries the file directory of the CD-ROM to determine whether the item of information is encrypted (Block 62). If not, the decryption controller initiates a data request from the CD-ROM reader 12 (Block 63) in the same manner as if it were the host computer and reads the item into its own RAM memory. Thereafter, the data item is transferred to the host computer (Block 61). If the file directory indicates that the desired item is encrypted, the decryption controller checks the user's financial account to determine if there is a sufficient positive balance to pay for the item (Block 64). If not, the decryption controller informs the host computer of the insufficient credit (Block 65). If credit is sufficient, the decryption controller transmits the cost of the item to the host computer and asks the host to confirm the purchase (Block 66) by displaying the cost to the user and requesting a user response. If the user fails to accept the purchase, the transaction is terminated (Block 67). If the host computer confirms the purchase of the item at the price indicated, the decryption controller initiates a data request to the CD-ROM reader. The item is thus caused to be read by the CD-ROM reader and it is transferred to the RAM of the decryption controller. Thereafter, the item is decrypted using the DES module and the decryption keys (Block 68). The purchase price of the item is then debited from the user's financial account (Block 69) and the decrypted item is transferred to the host computer (Block 61). Once the item of information has been supplied to the host computer in decrypted form, it is available for storage, both temporary and archival storage, and may be read and copied by the user, as desired. FIG. 6 illustrates the detailed operation of the decryption controller of FIG. 2 in decrypting an item of information. As such, FIG. 6 represents the operation of Block 68 in FIG. 5. As an initial step, the controller obtains the entire item of information (in encrypted form) from the CD-ROM (Block 70). Thereafter, the controller determines the decryption key (Block 71) for this item from key rules and key data which are available (e.g., stored) locally. Preferably, each separate item of information has a unique decryption key. The method of determining the key will be described in detail hereinafter in connection with FIG. 7. Since the DES module 42 of the decryption controller processes (decrypts) only eight bytes of data at a time, a first group of eight bytes for the information item to be decrypted is initially transferred to the DES circuit (Block 72) and decrypted (Block 73). The result of this decryption--that is, the cleartext--is placed temporarily in RAM (Block 74) and the process is repeated (Block 75) until all bytes of data of the information item are decrypted. Thereafter, the entire information item in cleartext is transmitted to the host computer (Block 61). FIG. 7 illustrates how the decryption key is determined from the key rules and the key data which are available locally for each separate item of information stored on the CD-ROM. In order to determine the key, it is necessary to obtain both the key rules and the key data for the specific item of information, and then to apply the rules to this data. Examples of both rules and data are given below. The key rules and the key data are preferably obtained from one or more of the following five sources: (1) Non-volatile storage of a "system message" within the decryption controller (flash memory); (2) A "communication message" received from either the host computer, via the SCSI bus or RS232C interface, or the central billing facility via the telephone modem; (3) A "media message" contained on the CD-ROM header which is generic to all the files stored thereon (for example, the volume number of the CD-ROM); (4) A "file message" constructed from information on the file directory associated with the specific item of information (IP) to be decrypted (for example, the identity, length, location and date of the respective file) and/or the header portion of the IP itself; and (5) A "current status message" obtained from some element of the decryption controller (for example, the real time clock) or the host computer. Referring to FIG. 7, it is seen that a "key message"--that is, the key rules and key data for generating a key--is obtained by retrieving a stored system message (Block 80), by retrieving a stored communication message (Block 81), by reading the media message from the CD-ROM (Block 82), by reading the file directory and header of the selected IP from the CD-ROM (Block 83), and by obtaining the current status of the decryption controller (Block 84). With this information, all of which is available locally at the user site, the key rules and key data are selected (Block 85). Thereafter, the key data is applied to the key rules (Block 86) to produce the decryption key. By way of example and not limitation, the following key rules are suggested: (1) Add the CD-ROM volume number from the media message to the length of the IP from the file message. (2) Add the date from the media message to the date from the file message. (3) Add the most recent communication message (initial vector) to the file location in the file message. (4) Subtract the date found in the file message (date of creation of the IP) from the current status (present date). If the result is positive and less than one year, proceed to decrypt. If the result is negative or more than one year, do not generate a key (do not decrypt). Other combinations of key rules and key data will readily occur to those skilled in the art. There has thus been shown and described a novel system for retrieving secure information from a mass storage medium which fulfills all the objects and advantages sought therefor. Many changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications of the subject invention will, however, become apparent to those skilled in the art after considering this specification and the accompanying drawings which disclose the preferred embodiments thereof. All such changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be covered by the invention, which is to be limited only by the claims which follow. 1. Apparatus for retrieving information packets from a mass storage device, at least some of which information packets are stored in said mass storage device in encrypted form, said apparatus comprising, in combination: - (a) a digital bus that transmits address information, control information and data from a call initiating unit, connected to said bus, to one or more call receiving units, connected to said bus, wherein each unit connected to said bus has an associated bus address; - (b) a host computer connected to said bus and having a first address; - (c) a mass storage device connected to said bus and having a second address; and - (d) a decryption controller connected to said bus and having a third address, said decryption controller including: - (1) a control unit for controlling the operation of said decryption controller; - (2) a memory; and - (3) means for decrypting encrypted information; - wherein the host computer has stored therein said third address as the address of said mass storage device and sends information requests via said bus to said decryption controller in lieu of said mass storage device; and wherein said decryption controller by means of said control unit receives information requests from said host computer and executes said information requests by sending information requests via said bus to said mass storage device, storing in said memory information packets received from said mass storage device in response to said information requests, decrypting encrypted portions of said information packets, if any, by said decryption means and transmitting said information packets, in decrypted form, to said host computer. 2. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein the digital bus is a small computer system interface bus. 3. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said decryption controller further comprises a financial account register, wherein said decryption controller by means of said control unit debits the contents of said register when an information packet is decrypted, and wherein said decryption controller further decrypts encrypted portions of said information packets only when said financial account has a positive balance. Filed: Feb 18, 1994 Date of Patent: Feb 28, 1995 Assignee: Infosafe Systems, Inc. (New York, NY) Inventors: Robert Nagel (New York, NY), Thomas H. Lipscomb (New York, NY) Primary Examiner: Bernarr E. Gregory Attorney: Karl F. Milde, Jr. Application Number: 8/198,733 International Classification: H04L 900; H04L 906;
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Given that this website complains a lot about the decline in the quality of programming on CBC’s Radio Two, it seems that I ought to acknowledge that the corporation’s doing some good things on Radio One. In particular, I’m struck by some of the programs that appear to be summer replacements. Two of them are slotted into what would be the last half hour of "The Current", from 9:30 am to 10 am. On Wednesdays there’s "How to Do It," hosted by Josh Bloch and Sarah Treleaven. The concept of the program is that they tell you how to accomplish things that might seem rather devious or far-fetched but that you might have wondered about. The first program was a real grabber. It told you how to disappear without a trace. Who hasn’t occasionally thought of leaving everything behind, starting life somewhere new as somebody else? The hosts talked to detectives and they discussed cases of people who had nearly managed their own successful disappearances. (If their attempts had been successful, we wouldn’t have been able to discuss their cases.) One of the most important things about disappearing, it turns out, is that you have to change your habits. One guy, for example, was tracked down because he still shopped for gluten-free food. You also have to be ruthless; no yielding to sentimental regrets. A would-be disappearer lost his nerve and turned himself in when he learned that his former girlfriend was going to be charged with a crime he’d committed. I’m not sure that the slightly hokey "How To" format of the program is necessary or appropriate. The hosts present the material as a series of lessons to be learned, as if they were instructing you on how to make an origami swan. The subject matter could be discussed, perhaps, just as effectively without the gimmickry. But the somewhat tongue-in-cheek manner of presentation could be an effective way of catching listeners who are disinclined to stick with anything that sounds too serious. Hosts Bloch and Treleaven are charming and likeable, but I do think the program could do with more careful oversight from some more seasoned journalists. Maybe that would ensure that some important questions wouldn’t go unanswered, as happened in the first episode. Regarding some cases, the hosts talked about people who crossed borders after they'd changed their identities. How did that work? What kind of identification did they use? The hosts also said that a detective had been able to trace a man because the man had Googled his own name. How could the detective trace that? Did he have friends The second program didn’t have as much appeal because I don’t think the task discussed was something that many of us have ever wanted to do: brainwash someone. But the program did run through some interesting issues relating to cults, pyramid schemes, hypnosis and such. If you want to brainwash somebody, you have to prey on their weaknesses. One key question was whether or not it would be possible to program someone, as in The Manchurian Candidate, to become something like a robot who would act against that person’s own will. Probably not, it seems. If the program didn’t particularly enlighten you about something you might want to do, it could be taken as a warning to watch out for something that somebody else might try to do to you. The program in the same time slot on Mondays is "Intersections," hosted by Niru Kumar. The idea of the program appears to be to examine various issues around the fact that the demographics of our country are changing quickly with people from so many different cultures settling among us. The first instalment didn’t hold my attention beyond a few minutes. It seemed that it was going to be one of those high-minded sermons about how we all have to share the same space and learn to get along. The same old multi-culturalism song. But this week’s episode struck me as very interesting. "Mating and Dating" examined the ways that two partners from different ethnic groups can learn to negotiate the the issues that can threaten a relationship because of cultural expectations. Various couples and a counsellor gave their opinions on how these thorny issues can be resolved. "Think About It," with host Roberta Walker, airs on Tuesdays at 11:30 a.m. (after Jian Ghomeshi’s "Q"). At first it struck me that this program about our brains was going to hop around, in the style of so many radio documentaries, giving you scintillating tidbits of information, intriguing facts and stats, but never really digging in to explain anything in depth. This week’s program, though, delved into the question, among other things, of how our brains and eyes cooperate to produce the phenomenon of seeing. One of the most arresting facts to emerge is that, as people age, their peripheral vision shrinks enormously, to the point that it’s as if they were viewing the world through the narrow opening in a straw. And yet a person doesn’t notice the change in herself or himself. Obviously, this can have dire implications for functions like driving a car. The good news is that certain video games, designed specifically for the purpose, can help people to expand their peripheral vision and to get better at multi-tasking, in terms of noting various things that require attention during driving. Seems that certain seniors will have to drop their holier-than-thou attitude and admit that those kids with their blased video games are doing something that could be good for a person. New Yorker Notables Suggestions for International Diplomacy (Humour) by Cora Frazier; The New Yorker, July 8 & It’s been a while since one of the humour pieces on the "Shouts & Murmurs" page of The New Yorker really amused me. But this one by Cora Frazier is a standout. It’s a riff on the news that, in 2005, Vladimir Putin apparently pocketed an important ring belonging to a US athlete. The athlete is now claiming that he just meant to show the ring to the Russian president, not give it to him. Now Mr. Putin is saying that he doesn’t remember anything about any such ring but that he’s willing to have a really nice one made in Russia and he’ll give it to the athlete. Ms. Frazier goes on to imagine that Mr. Putin might be accused of filching various other American things. They’re all delightfully ridiculous. But the main thing about the piece in my view – what makes it a superlative piece of writing – is the way Ms. Frazier has captured oh-so-Russian sound of the president’s English in his attempts to apologize, to sound magnanimous and conciliatory, meanwhile managing to do nothing but boast about Russian superiority. Just one small sample to give you a taste of this delicious fare: I don’t know what is a Model T. You tell me it is an old car, but why would I steal an old car? We have many kinds of cars in Russia, including old ones. What use do I, President of Russia, have for such a thing? It is without The Color of Law (Article) by Louis Menand; The New Yorker, July 8 & 15, 2013 With reference to various books on the subject, Louis Menand looks back at the struggle for civil rights in the US the latter half of the 20th century. One point that I found especially interesting was that it was the Cold War that motivated people like John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson to move ahead on civil rights. They didn’t want Nikita Kruschev to be able to scold them about the deplorable state of affairs in the US on that score. Mr. Menand focusses mainly on the frustrating efforts of African Americans to get registered as voters. It’s harrowing to read about the many instances of the murder of innocent people – including women and children – as a result of peaceful protests for civil rights. In many of these cases, the authorities either colluded with the killers or turned a blind eye to what was happening. It’s chastening to remember that, meanwhile, we Canadians of a certain age and social group were enjoying our university lives, riding the wave of student power, blithely convinced that any serious trouble in the world was taking place far away, not right next door among our neighbours to the south. Is it any consolation to think that all such strife is ended now that Barack Obama has achieved the presidency? Not exactly. We hear about much the same sort of killing going on all around the world today. Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare (Movie); adapted and directed by Joss Whedon; starring Alexis Denisof, Amy Acker Clark Gregg, Reed Diamond, Fran Kranz, Jillian Morgese, Sean Maher, Nathan Fillion, Ashley Johnson, Riki Lindholme, Spencer Treat Clark A bunch of actors get together at a director’s house to shoot a black and white adaptation of a Shakespeare play. The director’s biggest contribution to the screen prior to this was an action-thriller. Most of the actors have worked mainly on various tv shows. Their take on Shakespeare wraps in 12 days, on terms that could only be considered extremely low-budget by today’s standards. What are you going to get – something self-indulgent and embarrassing? All of the acting is superb. Alexis Denisof, as Benedick, has a slightly aggressive, toothy smile that contributes to the combative dynamic between himself and Beatrice. In that role, Amy Acker is not an un-loving, bitter person, rather a very contemporary-seeming young woman who, weary of the pretension and posturing of certain men, can’t prevent a sarcastic remark from escaping from her lips now and then. The more mature men, Leonato (Clark Gregg) and Don Pedro (Reed Diamond) have a suave, warm humanity about them that comes across very well on camera. By way of contrast, Sean Maher’s cool, detached performance as Don John is a startling example of male beauty used to sinister effect. The black and white photography is so lush, the lighting so sensitive, that you quickly realize that colour would be an unwelcome intrusion. The only slight flaw in the entire project – the only hint of the movie’s economical makings – might be a certain matter of editing or continuity. Sometimes, one shot doesn’t follow seemlessly from the previous one, in that there may be a tiny shift in the angle of an actor’s head or the position of the body. At first, it’s a bit difficult to get used to these Americans in suits and ties, high heels and strapless dresses, wielding martini glasses and guns as they spout the classic lines. Maybe that’s why it can be hard, if you have only vague memories of previous productions, to catch all the plot developments. Why are some guys arriving at the party in handcuffs? What makes Don John so evil? Why does he think that subverting the marriage of Hero and Claudio will somehow get revenge on Don Pedro, John’s brother? But then there comes a point where none of those questions matter. You get so caught up in the drama that you forget any quibbles. That point is the confrontation scene, where Claudio, on the morning of his intended marriage to Hero, accuses her of being promiscuous. The scene is searing. At this point, it occurs to you, of course, that you’re in the hands of a playwright who, for damned good reasons, has a pretty good track record. I think another reason for the effectiveness of the scene is the authenticity of Fran Kranz in the role of Claudio. At first, I found it hard to see why he was cast. He doesn’t look as young or innocent as you expect Claudio to be. There’s something a bit hard in him. But that makes his outrage in the confrontation scene all the more convincing. Before the big reveal, you can see him struggling to hold his anger back. His rage, when it does explode, is so harrowing that Claudio no longer seems the gormless twit that he often appears to be in other productions. This scene is enhanced as well by something that I often complain about – a kinetic camera. In a lot of movies, a camera swinging back and forth, especially if there’s no reason for the hyper activity, makes me nauseous. But here, the quick cutting from one point of view to another, the rapid shots from various angles, make the fiasco much more dramatic than it could ever be on stage. Much is added to the scene by someone in one of the minor roles – the friar. Here, he’s a pleasant, round-faced priest in a roman collar who looks like he wants nothing more than to tuck into the marriage feast. (I can’t find the actor’s name!) But when things start to go awry, there’s an authority to his voice that manages to prevent everything spinning off into utter chaos. Another actor who impressed me with her presence in a small role was Ashley Johnson, as Margaret, the servant girl who willingly participates in the skulduggery that causes so much trouble. She looks very much like another maid in the household – both of them blonde and luscious – but with this difference: something sly and just a trifle louche about Margaret lets you know that she’s the kind of girl who would very well go along with the proposed chicanery. Nathan Fillion in the role of Dogsberry, the constable, delivers the comedy in such a dry manner that, at first, you can barely see the fun of it. But the way he responds when called an "ass" is delicious. It’s a marvellous invention, of course, to have him and the other constables ensconced in the basement of Leonato's house as security guards, watching the action on video screens. Many other contemporary adaptations are equally inspired: having Benedick recite one of his soliloquies while jogging up and down the garden stairs during his morning workout; the stuffed animals filling the shelves in the women’s bedroom; a scene in the swimming pool, complete with Leonato’s California villa becomes a character in the movie. With so much back and forth from room to room, upstairs and down, the expansive views of the garden from the windows, the movie makes you see that this play is more about a house than you ever realized. You come away from it with a memory of so much domestic detail: setting the tables, arranging flowers, chopping veggies in the kitchen, primping in the bathroom. And does that serve the text, you might well ask? Well, yes I think it does, but in a way that Shakespeare could not have anticipated. It helps to show you that this brouhaha is very much an internal thing, something taking place within a closed group of people. That helps to make it more intense than it could ever be in a stage production. My main impression on coming away from the movie: it’s wonderful what actors can do when they’re free to practise their art without the contraints of commercialism. Capsule Comment (in lieu of a rating): miraculous. Before Midnight (Movie) written by Richard Linklater, Ethan Hawke, Julie Delpy and Kim Krizan; directed by Richard Linklater; starring Ethan Hawke, Julie Delpy, Seamus Davey-Fitzpatrick, Xenia Kalogeropoulou, Walter Lassally, Ariane Labed, Yiannis Papadopoulos, Athina Rachel Tsangari, Panos Koronis, Jennifer Prior, Charlotte Prior For those of us who were introduced to them in two previous outings, this was our chance to catch up on the winsome Jesse (Ethan Hawke) and Celine (Julie Delpy). We’d first seen them (Before Sunrise 1995) as strangers who met on a train in Europe and spent a night talking and flirting in Vienna. In Before Sunset (2004), while Jesse was on a book tour, they spent a day wandering around Paris and talking about their friendship. Now they’re married and living in France. They have twin girls about five years old (Charlotte Prior and Jennifer Prior). Jesse’s now a famous writer and the family has been spending an idyllic summer on a Greek island, as guests of an intellectual (Walter Lassally) who opens his house every summer to a distinguished writer from elsewhere. At the opening of the movie, Jesse’s saying goodbye at the airport to his ten-year-old son from his first marriage (Seamus Davey-Fitzpatrick), who’s been spending the summer with him. Obviously, Jesse’s conflicted about seeing the son go back to his mother, who is, to put it mildly, not very well disposed towards Jesse. In the car on the way back from the airport, Celine tells Jesse that she’s received an offer of a dream job. They toss around the question of whether or not she should take it. That, and the issue of Jesse’s guilt feelings about separation from his son, provide some hint of a plot but most of the drive consists of jokey bickering. For instance, her razzing him about his being so selfish as to finish an apple that one of the twins, who’s now sleeping in the back seat, had been eating. No doubt this razzmatazz is intended to show just how loving and well-adjusted Jesse and Celine are as a couple but not one minute of it seemed authentic to me. It seemed like the two were constantly performing for each other. The charm becomes even more cloying at an al fresco dinner with the host’s extended family that evening on the terrace by his seaside villa. Apparently the cutesy bug is contagious. As the talk burbles on and on like an irrepressible stream, everybody’s going out of their way to be scintillating, amusing, witty and affectionate. To make the proceedings seem a bit edgy, there’s a lot of explicit joking about racey stuff – penis size and virtual sex, for instance – but the overall mood is of one of those sun-drenched Mediterranean idylls. It’s all so enchanting that it made me want to barf. Fortunately, things take a turn for the worse with Jesse and Celine. They decamp to a luxury hotel where they’re going to be spending their last night of the holiday. A call from Jesse’s son back in America, regarding a science project that he forgot to take with him, brings up Jesse’s guilt about his relationship with the kid. Out comes all the ugliness that the couple’s cheery banter had been covering up. Things now begin to seem a bit more real, but the grudges are overly familiar and the anger seems trumped up. Apart from the occasional good line, nothing new or interesting comes up. The same old stuff: the man accusing the woman of being irrational and emotional; the woman accusing the man of not helping enough with the kids, of being too obsessed with his career, his celebrity status. On top of all that, it turns out that he’s boring in bed. It’s all pretty trite but there’s nothing wrong with the acting by Mr. Hawke and Ms Delpy. The one noteworthy thing, in my view, is that Ms. Delpy gradually begins to seem older as the night wears on. Her remarkable forty-year-old beauty starts to fade before your eyes. You can see how the effort to maintain the facade of the ebulient, sexy wife has worn Capsule comment: If you’re gonna base a movie on talk you need Edward Albee to write it.
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Sharks! Stand Back: Zero Feet It’s time to get nose-to-nose with the ocean’s top predators Coney Island, NY, June 30, 2018 -- The stunning new Donald Zucker and Barbara Hrbek Zucker Ocean Wonders: Sharks! exhibit opened today at the New York Aquarium. The three-story, 57,500-square-foot exhibit building, with 9 dynamic galleries, will drive awareness of the importance of sharks to the health of the world’s ocean; educate visitors about the severe threats sharks face; and inspire guests to protect the surprisingly diverse and beautiful marine wildlife here in New York. Each year, hundreds of thousands of visitors, and tens of thousands of students in the aquarium’s education programs will learn to value and protect our ocean. The exhibit includes 18 species of sharks and rays and more than 115 other species of marine life. It is the first exhibit that focuses on the marine life found in the New York Bight from Cape May, NJ, to Montauk, NY. In July 2013 the NYC Public Design Commission recognized Ocean Wonders: Sharks!, with an Award for Design Excellence. The opening today of Ocean Wonders: Sharks! marked a monumental event for ocean, shark and marine life lovers. Said Mayor de Blasio: “We’re celebrating a remarkable new facility where New Yorkers can learn more about – and be delighted by – our ocean-dwelling neighbors. But we’re also celebrating another big step toward recovery from the devastation of Hurricane Sandy. The New York Aquarium brings the wonders of the sea to our doorstep, and we’re proud to have made a major investment in its restoration.” Cristian Samper, President and CEO of WCS said: “The opening of Ocean Wonders: Sharks! is a transformative moment for the New York Aquarium. The exhibit inspires awe and admiration for sharks and opens our visitors’ eyes to what they truly are – keystone species in the world’s ocean which, as top predators, helps to regulate the populations of other species, bringing a vital balance to a healthy ocean. The exhibit will connect millions of visitors with the wildlife and habitats in New York waters and expands the Wildlife Conservation Society's global commitment to shark and ray conservation. “We want to thank the administrations of Mayor Bill de Blasio and former Mayor Mike Bloomberg; the New York City Council including current and former Council Members Mark Treyger and Domenic Recchia; current and former Brooklyn Borough Presidents Eric Adams and Marty Markowitz; former Staten Island Borough President James Molinaro; and the Department of Cultural Affairs and the New York City Economic Development Corporation. “We further extend great appreciation to WCS life trustee Barbara Hrbek Zucker and her husband, Donald Zucker, the entire WCS Board of Trustees and other private donors who have generously contributed to the building of Oceans Wonders: Sharks!. Both the public and private supporters of Ocean Wonders: Sharks! have shown strategic leadership advancing the imperative that we must protect sharks, their habitats and our ocean.” Said New York City Department of Cultural Affairs Commissioner Tom Finkelpearl: “The opening of Ocean Wonders: Sharks! is a tremendous milestone for the New York Aquarium, the Coney Island community, and all of New York. Here is a new symbol of the creativity, resiliency, and determination of our city in the face of climate change, and of a deep appreciation for the natural world. “We are proud that our significant investment in one of NYC’s beloved cultural institutions has helped to create an extraordinary new space to explore timely issues related to wildlife conservation, and to educate the next generation about the amazing world we live in and the astonishing creatures we share it with.” Said James Patchett, President and CEO of New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC): “We’ve been making big investments across Coney Island in everything from affordable housing to new amusements to infrastructure upgrades. Today we’re proud to add ‘sharks’ to that list. Investing in our cultural institutions is critical to our ongoing neighborhood investments, and we’re thrilled to see this iconic exhibit build on the momentum in Coney Island.” Said City Councilmember Mark Treyger: “The incredible Ocean Wonders: Sharks! Exhibit is a beautiful and welcome new addition to an already expansive array of attractions at the beloved New York Aquarium. Much like our community here in Coney Island and the Aquarium itself, sharks are resilient creatures, but they need our help. I am proud to support this project that will raise awareness among New Yorkers young and old about the need to better protect our marine ecosystems and local wildlife.” Said Brooklyn Borough President Eric L. Adams: "Sharks! Coney Island is making waves once again with the long-anticipated debut of the New York Aquarium's latest ocean wonders. My administration was so proud to help fund this incredible exhibit, which will have shark enthusiasts 'chomping at the bit' to get down to America's Playground, all while expanding our appreciation for their critical role to our regional ecosystem." Said Speaker of the New York City Council Corey Johnson: “Looks like it’ll be shark week permanently in Coney Island with the opening of Ocean Wonders: Sharks! at the New York Aquarium. The aquarium does so much to educate New Yorkers and tourists alike about the wonders of marine life and I’m sure this stunning new exhibit will be as inspiring and entertaining as it is informative. The City Council is proud to support Ocean Wonders: Sharks! and all that the New York Aquarium and the Wildlife Conservation Society do for our city.” "We are ecstatic about the opening of Ocean Wonders: Sharks! as the newest addition to the Coney Island Boardwalk. We look forward to having local Brooklynites and visitors experience the breathtaking exhibits and learn about the ocean and wildlife right here in Coney Island," said Alexandra Silversmith, Executive Director of the Alliance for Coney Island. Ocean Wonders: Sharks! and its supporting Animal Care Facility is a public-private project with an estimated cost of $158 million ($111 million from New York City, and $47 million from generous private funders and tax exempt financing). When fully restored from Hurricane Sandy (in 2020), the New York Aquarium, which was devastated by the storm, is expected to generate over $80 million annually in direct and indirect economic activity, of which Ocean Wonders: Sharks! is estimated to contribute over $20 million. Jon Forrest Dohlin, Director of the New York Aquarium and WCS Vice President said: “Our new Ocean Wonders: Sharks! exhibit will awaken New Yorkers to the magnificence and importance of the ocean here in New York. We tell the 400 million-year-old story of sharks and their critical role in marine ecosystems as a lead-in to bring New Yorkers back to an awareness and appreciation for the heritage we share in the wildlife that surrounds us right here in this city of islands. “We hope that the pride and sense of wonder instilled by Ocean Wonders: Sharks! translate into stewardship for our oceans.” Jim Breheny, WCS EVP of Zoos & Aquarium and Director of the Bronx Zoo said, “Ocean Wonders: Sharks! is a perfect example of the higher purpose of zoos and aquariums -- the conservation of wildlife and wild places. You can’t go through this exhibit -- where you can find yourself just inches from a shark -- and not be inspired to join our efforts to save sharks and the ocean.” Home of Marine Science Ocean Wonders: Sharks! is a platform that illustrates the power of the New York Aquarium’s marine conservation efforts, the New York Seascape program. It showcases the conservation work of New York Aquarium scientists both in the field and at the aquarium. Objectives of the conservation program include: securing habitat protection for juvenile sand tiger sharks; tagging sharks to study their migration patterns and promoting better management of their fisheries; developing the science for successful propagation of sand tiger sharks at the aquarium; increasing the monitoring of great whale migrations in and out of New York waters to reduce ship strikes; and working with the offshore wind energy industry to create guidelines for the protection of marine mammals. Worldwide WCS invests in ocean protection, sustainable fisheries and marine conservation. Education As a Priority The aquarium’s Education Department is taking full advantage of the power of Ocean Wonders: Sharks! to build programs that inspire guests of the aquarium, and the millions of tourists on the nearby boardwalk and beach. About 60,000 youth and adults are anticipated to participate each year in the aquarium’s education programs. The Oceanview Learning Laboratory located on the top floor of Ocean Wonders: Sharks! is a 1,500-square-foot education space with ocean views and an outdoor terrace. The aquarium’s education team will provide live interpretation throughout the exhibit; a rooftop touch tank; dive talks; a new overnight program; and a re-imagined summer camp. The Oceanview Learning Laboratory was made possible by Ann and Andrew Tisch. The Ocean Wonders: Sharks! Architecture Ocean Wonders: Sharks!, a new iconic addition to the New York City skyline, interprets the wonders of the ocean, creating a structure that is inspired by nature with a façade that is alive and visually magnetic. Rising seamlessly from the famed Coney Island boardwalk in sweeping curves, the dramatic design is the product of a team headed by WCS’ Susan Chin, Vice President of Planning & Design and Chief Architect, FAIA, in collaboration with Edelman Sultan Knox Wood/Architects, Doyle Partners, and Seattle-based interdisciplinary design firm, The Portico Group. The organic form of the building cantilevers over the boardwalk, creating a new and dynamic relationship between the New York Aquarium and the surrounding community and forming unique gathering spaces for the boardwalk visitor. The kinetic beauty of the 1,100-foot-long Shimmer Wall wraps around the fluid forms of the Ocean Wonders: Sharks! building, creating a dynamic structure that is ever-changing and driven by the forces of nature. Designed in collaboration with visual artist Ned Kahn, the Shimmer Wall is constructed of more than 33,000 4” x 5 ½” aluminum flappers that move individually with the wind. Ocean Wonders: Sharks! has received a LEED Silver Certification, achieved through multiple strategies related to water efficiency, sustainable sites, energy use and materials. The project was recognized by the New York City Public Design Commission with an Award for Excellence in Design. Said Chin: “The architecture evokes the natural world and reflects the function within; an engaging exhibit that connects people to the ocean and inspires their stewardship. Ocean Wonders: Sharks! is transformative in many ways for the New York Aquarium and Coney Island’s community and visitors.” Sustainable Seafood and Plastic-Free Retail As part of the message and the mission of Ocean Wonders: Sharks! the New York Aquarium will now sell only sustainable seafood options, use green packaging and focus on eliminating all single-use plastic including straws, cups, bags and other items in its restaurants and retail outlets. The aquarium has partnered with Monterey Bay Aquarium in selecting seafood and merchandise options to ensure the sustainability of food options and to minimize the use of plastics in packaging, utensils, and merchandise. Single-use plastic is polluting our waterways across the globe, damaging habitats and bringing great harm to wildlife. The Financing of Ocean Wonders: Sharks! Ocean Wonders: Sharks! and its supporting Animal Care Facility has an estimated cost of $158 million ($111 million from New York City, and $47 million through private funding and tax exempt financing). When fully restored from Hurricane Sandy (in 2020), the aquarium, which was devastated by the storm, is expected to generate over $80 million annually in direct and indirect economic activity, of which Ocean Wonders: Sharks! is estimated to contribute over $20 million. The aquarium is expected to employ the full-time equivalent of almost 300 jobs of which more than 80 would be attributed to Ocean Wonders: Sharks! The project was generously supported by several private and institutional funders. We are deeply grateful to Donald Zucker and Barbara Hrbek Zucker and to Ann and Andrew Tisch for their leadership gifts to the Campaign for the New York Aquarium, as well as The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, The Morris and Alma Schapiro Fund, The G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation, Stavros Niarchos Foundation, The Achelis and Bodman Foundation, The Prospect Hill Foundation, Dow, Cleveland H. Dodge Foundation, Inc., The William Randolph Hearst Foundation, The Barker Welfare Foundation, Darlene and Brian Heidtke, and National Grid. The Wildlife Conservation Society’s New York Aquarium The WCS New York Aquarium is located in Coney Island, NY. Accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, it is open every day of the year. For more information go to www.nyaquarium.com. Donald Zucker and Barbara Hrbek Zucker Ocean Wonders: Sharks! at the New York Aquarium Situated on 14 acres by the sea in Coney Island, the New York Aquarium’s exhibits, public events, educational programs and local conservation science all work together to inspire the public to protect and save aquatic wildlife around the world with a special emphasis on the diversity and beauty of habitats and wildlife right here in the waters of New York. The aquarium strives to foster an environment where people understand the fragility of aquatic ecosystems and the critical role the oceans play in human livelihoods and well-being. The Ocean Wonders: Sharks! exhibit brings visitors up close to a diverse group of sharks, demonstrating their critical role in ocean ecosystems and how vulnerable they are to the actions of humans. The exhibit features panoramic rooftop ocean views of some of New York’s beautiful and varied coastline habitats. A new 57,500-square-foot building will house an exciting shark exhibit that creates a sense of awe of the ocean, an urgency and concern for the ocean’s health, and will reconnect New Yorkers to their local waters, encouraging them to become active stewards of that ocean wilderness. With more than 800,000 gallons of water, this new exhibit building will house more than 115 species within a variety of unique and complementary exhibits. Interactive presentations of the local conservation work being done by the aquarium’s New York Seascape Program, this exhibit will educate and inspire visitors with representations of the amazing ocean ecosystems that surround them and a dynamic collection of the charismatic marine species that are found in local waters. Boardwalk Level Spaces The organic form of the building undulates across the line of the boardwalk, creating a new and dynamic relationship between the New York Aquarium and the surrounding community by forming unique gathering spaces for the boardwalk visitor. At the western end of the building a rock and sculpture garden is formed by terraced planters filled with local grasses and shrubs that appear to flow from within the Aquarium. Benches offer an opportunity to pause along the boardwalk, people watch, and see the ocean. Sculptures of marine life are peppered throughout the rock garden. Visitors can use interactive “viewscopes” to see amazing local wildlife such as sharks, whales, and sea turtles that can be found beneath the surface of the great blue ocean that is before them. The Oceanside Grille presents an opportunity to enjoy sustainably sourced seafood or a cold drink, and provides a means of reaching millions of Boardwalk visitors with a message of conservation, sustainability and choice. A covered seating area at the east-end provides shade and views out to the ocean. Clad in a shimmering spiral, the ramp is more than just circulation, it is a place to view the ocean and learn more about local ecology. Punctuated with interpretive graphics along the way, it is a continuation of the exhibit experience that takes you on a journey through our coastal habitats and culminates in a series of gathering spaces. The Ocean Overlook provides an expansive view of the Coney Island boardwalk, beach, and surrounding New York waters. Visitors will be able to see important local habitats such as Sandy Hook. Comfortable seating and shade will give visitors an opportunity to relax with a view of the ocean. At the new Touch Pool on the Ocean Overlook, kids will have the opportunity for hands-on learning about the local marine animals through a staff facilitated experience. Another key element of the Ocean Wonders: Sharks! program is the Oceanview Learning Laboratory. This 1,500 square foot education space has ocean views and a separate outdoor terrace, giving classes access to both indoor and outdoor spaces. Designed with flexibility in mind but outfitted with marine artifacts, this space will help support the education goals of the New York Seascape Program. Education groups will also have direct access to the adjacent Touch Pool experience, and the Oceanview Terrace. Accessible by both private elevator and staircase entry, and containing support facilities of bathrooms and prep space, the Oceanview Learning Laboratory also has potential as a small event venue for intimate dinners or luncheons. The entire rooftop level will be an excellent location for cocktail receptions and other special events. The Oceanview Terrace was made possible by Cleveland H. Dodge Foundation, Inc. Coral Reef Tunnel Visitors will walk through an immersive underwater tunnel that features a visually rich reef ecosystem with sharks and schooling fish swimming overhead and all around them. The beauty of the coral reef and the jewel-like quality of its diverse wildlife will help visitors to forge an emotional bond with the animals and help them understand the interconnectivity of reef ecosystems. Visitors will also be introduced to the role that sharks play in keeping ocean ecosystems healthy. Sharks Up Close In this highly interactive gallery, visitors can explore the diversity, unique physiology and behavior of sharks and rays. Using an array of tactics including live animals, video, interactive media, mechanical interactives, and compelling graphics, visitors will learn about the different ways sharks and rays reproduce, how they breathe, how they move, and the amazing number of different forms the more than 350 species take. This gallery will be a place to explore, discover, and learn more about these remarkable animals. Visitors will be able to get nose-to-nose with several smaller species of sharks including epaulette and white spot bamboo sharks. Shark Generations was made possible by The Prospect Hill Foundation. Sharks In Peril Some of the biological attributes of sharks, in particular their reproduction methods and slow growth rate, are the reason they are so vulnerable to overfishing. Visitors will encounter a dim, oppressive space filled with nets that will focus primarily on the threats of bycatch and finning, and show how commercial and recreational shark fisheries are contributing to the decimation of many shark species—and how these biological attributes make it so hard for them to rebound from overfishing. Finning (the process of removing a shark’s fins for soup), and sharks’ high rate of incidental bycatch for non-shark fisheries, have reduced many species by up to 90%. But there is hope—through the exhibit building, visitors will be introduced to organizations, like WCS, that are doing important science that contributes to conservation policy and saving sharks around the world. Discover New York Waters This dramatic and vibrant exhibit gallery will highlight the amazing, but little-known, marine ecosystems found off the coast of New York—ecosystems that are biologically diverse and rich with marine life. Visitors will learn why the geography and current patterns of the New York coast create a unique set of conditions that allow for hundreds of species to use these waters as nurseries, pupping and foraging grounds, and migratory corridors. A 62,000-gallon exhibit will feature several New York shark species as well as a huge abundance of rays swimming against bright outcroppings covered with colorful anemones. Interactive panels surrounding the tank help showcase the sheer number of species that travel through New York waters as well as discuss the issues that can arise when humans and wildlife share the same spaces. This gallery will also introduce our NY Seascape initiative that is focusing on shark conservation here in New York waters. Discover New York Waters was given in recognition of Elizabeth W. Flowers and Rebecca W. Flowers. New York Seascape Within New York Waters, an interactive gallery space shows how WCS scientists are using tagging and tracking to save sharks both here in New York and in oceans around the world. Visitors will be able to assume the role of a scientist to see how WCS tags sharks in the wild. A WCS scientist will be featured, showing visitors how tagging and tracking sand tiger sharks happens in the wild. A colorful and enticing interactive wall allows visitors to see how the information we learn from those tracked animals is used to develop conservation strategies aimed at halting the precipitous decline of shark species both locally and globally. New York Seascape was made possible by Mary Livingston Griggs and Mary Griggs Burke Foundation. Migratory Tunnel was made possible by The Barker Welfare Foundation. After seeing up-close some of the remarkable natural habitats of New York, visitors will be able to experience another type of local habitat made not by nature but by humans. New York waters are home to many shipwrecks that act as aggregators of marine life, places where sharks and other fish gather to hunt. Visitors will walk through the hull of a local shipwreck, representing one of the more than 60 wrecks found along the New York coastline. Dark armatures and shifting light create a sense of being underwater. A hole in the wreck’s hull expose areas where sharks swim overhead. Another opening shows a cave where nurse sharks can be found and other views from the shipwreck reveal some of the other species found in wrecks, smaller animals that attract larger ones. Visitors emerge from the wreck to discover an inspiring view of the edge of the Hudson Canyon, a marine canyon similar in size and depth to the Grand Canyon, that begins at the mouth of the Hudson River and extends hundreds of miles off shore. Large sand tiger sharks swim slowly into the well-lit foreground closest to the visitor and then disappear into the depths of the seemingly limitless ocean. Currents carefully located on the sandy ledge and directly in front of the viewing area will create resting places for nurse sharks and give visitors a nose-to-nose encounter. Schooling fish and large rays show the richness and diversity of this near-shore ecosystem. The goal of this affective experience is to create a sense of awe and wonder for sharks. Available seating will allow guests a more extended and potentially meditative experience with sharks. The location of Coney Island at the shore—the point where the city meets the ocean—has inspired a highly interactive exhibit space that will emphasize New York City’s connection to the ocean and to empower visitors with reachable conservation goals and choices. Using touchable and interactive media, we will show visitors that the lifestyle choices they make can influence pollution and the health of the ocean’s fish stocks. With a background that mimics our local cityscape, visitors can learn how plastics affect the ocean, what happens to pollution run-off, how to choose sustainable seafood, and how they themselves can become advocates for a cleaner, healthier ocean. Linking the “ocean” side of the exhibit with the “city” side of the exhibit is a bright colorful eelgrass bed tank populated by gentle seahorses and other coastal marine animals showing visitors how far we have come as a city in changing our attitude towards the ocean and how working for a cleaner coastline has allowed for these delicate species to once again thrive here in New York. New York Streetscape was made possible by Stavros Niarchos Foundation. Eelgrasses & Seahorses was made possible by The Achelis and Bodman Foundation. Ocean Cleanup was made possible by Dow. As visitors exit the building, the exhibit experience continues as they make their way up the ramp to the Ocean Viewing Deck. Interpretive nodes along the ramp will give visitors an opportunity to learn about the ecological history of Coney Island, point out critical nearby ecosystems such as Jamaica Bay and Sandy Hook, and help them identify local wildlife including birds, sharks, and marine mammals that travel these waters. As visitors gain elevation, breathtaking and expansive ocean views are revealed. The ramp is not only circulation but a place to see the ocean and learn more about the wildlife that thrives just off shore. Total Building: 57,500 sq.ft Total system gallons:784,000 gal Canyon’s Edge: 600,000 gal Total of 9 galleries Estimated Total # of Species: 115+ Shimmer wall 1,100 linear feet 33,000 aluminum tiles Height above Plaza: 51’-6” to top of Classroom 67’-11” to top of shimmer wall Height above Boardwalk: 44’-0” to top of Classroom 60’-5” to top of shimmer wall. From the 3rd floor Classroom and Café you can clearly see Sandy Hook, NJ Acrylic: more than 150 linerar feet 13’-0” wide x 9’ tall x 40’-0” long x 5” thick Coral Tunnel used approx. 2,193 pieces of artificial coral 49’ diameter (outside) x 9’ tall x 3.3” thick 54’-0” long x 14’ tall x 8.9” thick 12 species of sharks, and 6 species of skates and rays. Sand Tiger Sharks Brownbanded Bamboo Sharks White Spotted Bamboo Sharks Whitetip Reef Sharks Blacktip Reef Sharks Loggerhead Sea Turtle Miscellaneous schooling fish The building and the exhibit were designed in a collaborative effort between the Wildlife Conservation Society’s Design Department, the Architect of Record, Edelman, Sultan Knox Wood, and their consultant team including the Portico Group, Doyle Partners and the artist of the shimmer wall, Ned Kahn. Together, this team represents a large multi-disciplinary expertise that has extensive experience in designing architectural projects for zoos and aquariums across the country and around the world. The WCS provides team leadership for the project and is headed by Susan Chin, FAIA, Vice President of Planning and Design & Chief Architect. Ms. Chin, a registered architect with more than 20 years of design and construction experience, leads the Design Department at WCS consisting of registered architects, graphic designers, exhibit designers and exhibit developers who have worked on such notable projects as the Snow Leopard exhibit at Central Park Zoo, Center for Global Conservation and the Lion House at the Bronx Zoo. The Architect of Record is the New York based firm of Edelman Sultan Knox Wood Architects LLP (ESKW) who bring to the table a high level of local design and construction knowledge. ESKW is a well established practice with a history of successful institutional, residential and commercial projects. Randy Wood, AIA is the Principal-In-Charge. WCS and ESKW have collaborated in the past on award winning projects such as the Eco Restroom at the Bronx Zoo. Other Key Consultants: Shimmer wall artist The Portico Group K & L Consulting Engineers Viridian Energy & Environmental, LLC Leonard J. Strandberg and Associates Focus Lighting Inc. Lighting (Base building and Exhibit lighting) Life Support Systems Engineering Groundbreaking: January 10, 2014 Topping out June 23, 2015 Opening date: June 30, 2018 Join more than one million wildlife lovers working to save the Earth's most treasured and threatened species. Thanks for signing up
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PATAKARAN SA PRIVACY Last updated: September 2022 Our Services and/or Website may be connected to other third party's sites and/or services. We are not responsible in any way for the privacy practices on other third parties sites and/or services and suggest that you review the privacy policies of those third parties before using them. Any information stored and/or obtained by us in connection with our Services is treated as confidential. All information is stored securely and is accessed by authorized personnel only. We implement and maintain appropriate technical, security and organizational measures to protect Personal Data (as defined below) against unauthorized or unlawful processing and use, and against accidental loss, destruction, damage, theft or disclosure. 2. Website; Visitors and Users The following sections cover the specifics of each of the following groups from which Personal Data is collected: Website's visitors ("Visitors") and/or users ("Users") and/or business partners (e.g., affiliates, advertisers, publishers, advertising agencies and/or platforms, etc.) of our Services (collectively "Partners"). For the purposes of this Policy, Personal Data shall mean and may comprise: IP address, first and last name, postal and/or email address, telephone number, interest in products and services, leads information, as well as information as to the type of relationship that exists between us and Visitors, Users and/or Partners that shall have the meaning ascribed to such terms in the applicable data protection regulation and/or the law. 2.2. Collection and Use 2.3. Purpose of Processing Personal Data We shall not process Personal Data unless there is a legal basis for such processing. The following list outlines the purposes for which We may process Personal Data about you and the legal basis for any such processing: In order to register as an account holder to the Services We will process your Personal Data in order to allow you to register and open an account. In order to allow us to provide you with as well as to use our Services Whenever you or our Partners request to use our Services, we will process the Personal Information required for us to perform such requests. In order to contact you for the purpose of operational requirements In some circumstances, we will contact you in order to update you in respect of certain operational matters; for instance, where a certain aspect of our Services is changing. In these circumstances, we will need to use Personal Data about you accordingly. In order to respond to your queries, requests and/or complaints, and to provide support services Processing of Personal Data about you is required in order to respond to queries concerning our Services, and in general to provide support services. In order to provide you with tailor-made Services, advertising and marketing materials In order to enhance and improve your user experience and/or the use of our Services, and in order to offer you with additional and new offers, products and services (whether of ours or of third parties, including our Partners), we process Personal Data about you in order to adjust the materials presented to you according to your preferences, behavior, characteristics and interests; these materials can be ours or of third parties (including our Partners). For this purpose, we use Personal Data automated analysis techniques, including profiling. In order to improve our Services, as well as to offer new ones We may use Personal Data about you in order to improve our Services, as well as for the purpose of offering new ones; such processing will include, inter alia, an analysis of previous uses by you of our Services, any comments and complaints received in respect of our Services, as well as any errors and malfunctions. In order to send you advertising and marketing materials Inasmuch as you agree to receive advertising and marketing materials from us, we will send you, via the means of communication you consented to, advertising and marketing materials relating to our Services, whether in existence now or in the future, whether similar to our Services and whether different ones and/or products and services of third parties (including our Partners' services). It is hereby clarified that if you withdraw your consent by contacting us, it will not necessarily cause the deletion of your details held by third parties (including our Partners). In order to analyze the effectiveness of any marketing and advertising campaigns In order to perform and maintain various activities supporting the offering and provision of our Services Such activities include back-office functions, business development activities, technical functionality and security, strategic decision-making, oversight mechanisms, etc. In order to perform analysis, including statistical analysis We use various analytical measures (including statistical ones) in order to make decisions in various issues, including improving existing products and services and introducing and developing new ones. In order to protect our and third parties (including our Partners) interests, rights and assets, including initiation or exercise or defense of legal claims We may process Personal Data about you in order to protect the interests, rights and assets of ours and of third parties (including our Partners), according to any law, regulation and agreement, including any of our terms and conditions and policies. 2.4. Sharing Personal Data We may also share such information with service vendors, Partners and/or contractors in order to provide a requested service or transaction or in order to analyze the Visitor's and/or User's behavior on the Website and/or Partners' websites. For Visitor and/or User with accounts located in the European Data Region, all processing of Personal Data is performed in accordance with privacy rights and regulations following in accordance with the GDPR (as defined below) and/or the applicable Data Protection Laws and Regulations (as defined below). Personal Data about you may be transferred to a third country (i.e., jurisdictions outside the European Economic Area ("EEA")) or to international organizations. In such circumstances, we shall take appropriate reasonable efforts to safeguard aimed to ensure the protection of Personal Data about you and provide that enforceable data subjects' rights and effective legal remedies for data subjects are available. These safeguards and protection will be available if any of the following are met: (a) The transfer is to a third country or an international organization which the EU Commission decided that they provide an adequate level of protection to the Personal Data that is transferred to them pursuant to Article 45(3) of the GDPR (as defined below); (b) The transfer is according to a legally binding and enforceable instrument between public authorities or bodies pursuant to Article 46(2)(a) of the GDPR (as defined below); or (c) The transfer is in accordance with standard data protection clauses adopted by the EU Commission pursuant to Article 46(2)(c) of the GDPR (as defined below). You may request us to be provided with details concerning the safeguards employed by us to protect the Personal Data about you which is transferred to a third country or an international organization, by sending an email to the email address below. In order to provide our Services and to corporate with our Partners, we may collect or obtain certain types of data from them. Partners may upload, transmit, import, post or process anonymized data about their users, visitors and/or customers ("Data"). During a Partner's use of our Services, it may provide us with its and/or its users', visitors' and/or customers' information via API and/or other electronic and digital means. Partner will not use, and will not assist or knowingly permit any third party to, (i) use the Services to collect or store personally identifiable information (information that may identify an individual); (ii) pass personally identifiable information data to us that could use or recognize as personally identifiable information of its customers. This information is used by us to identify the Partner and/or its users, visitors and/or customers and provide our Services, support, mailings, sales and marketing actions, billing (if required or applicable) and to meet our contractual obligations with the relevant Partner. In addition, we will only have access to information related to the Partner's users, visitors and/or customers after it has been pseudonymized by the Partner, unless otherwise required and authorized by such users', visitors' and/or customers' explicit consent, or by the law and/or legal authority. Partner acknowledges that: (i) the Service does not operate as an archive or file storage service and we do not obligate to store or backup the Data that Partner upload, import or post to us, or otherwise generate during its use of the Service; (ii) it is solely responsible for the backup of the Data; and (iii) it will lose access to any Data that have been deleted according to our sole discretion or as required by the law and/or any legal authority. Partner understands and acknowledges that the Internet and communications over it may not be secure, and that connecting to it provides the opportunity for unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, and all data stored therein. The information and data transmitted through the Internet (including, without limitation, the Data) or stored on any equipment through which Internet information is transmitted may not remain confidential and we make no representation or warranty regarding privacy, security, authenticity, non-corruption or destruction of any such information. Use of any information transmitted or obtained over the Internet is at the Partner's own risk and we shall not be responsible for any adverse consequence or loss whatsoever from the use of the Internet. 3.2. Processing of Personal Data We rely on the Partner's consent to process Personal and/or on Partner's representations and statements that such Partner has obtained the required consent from its users, visitors and/or customers. On other occasions, we may process Personal Data when it needs to do this to fulfill a contractual obligation with you as a Partner or where it is required to do so by law. We may also process Personal Data when it is in our or our Partners' legitimate interests to do so and when these interests are not overridden by the individual's data protection rights (which may vary based on an individual's jurisdiction). Partner acknowledges and agrees that the Data which will be provided to us may contain personally identifying information or personal data, as defined by the applicable laws which govern the use of data relating to identified or identifiable natural persons residing in the EU and/or the state of California in the United States, including the laws of the European Union ("EU") Data Protection Act 1998, the EU General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), and the California Consumer Protection Act effective as of January 1, 2020, as each of these laws is amended or replaced from time to time, and any other foreign or domestic laws to the extent that they are applicable to the personally identifiable or personal data you upload, transmit, post or process while using the Service ("Data Protection Laws and Regulations"). Partner hereby grants us a non-exclusive right and license to receive, retrieve, access, use, reproduce, display, copy, transmit, process and store (collectively, "Process") the Data in order to provide the Services. We may redact, anonymize, and/or aggregate the Data with content and data from our other Partners or as collected by us pursuant to this Policy ("Data Aggregations") for purposes including, without limitation, product and service development and commercialization and quality improvement initiatives. We will redact or anonymize Data in such a way as to not divulge any Confidential Information (as defined below) or personally identifying information. All Data Aggregations will be the sole and exclusive property of us. Partner represents and warrants that: (i) it have lawfully obtained any personally identifying information or Personal data pursuant to any and all applicable and relevant Data Protection Laws and Regulations; (ii) it have appropriately disclosed to users, visitors and/or customers how personally identifiable information or personal data will be used, processed, stored and/or shared pursuant to any and all applicable and relevant Data Protection Laws and Regulations; (iii) it is responsible for honoring any requests from users, visitors and/or customers relating to the collection, use and storage of personally identifiable information or personal data as required by any and all relevant Data Protection Laws and Regulations; (iv) it owns or have acquired the right to all of the intellectual property rights subsisting in the Data, and have the right to provide us the license granted herein to the Data; and (ii) the Data does not infringe or violate any patents, copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property, proprietary or privacy rights of any third party. Partner shall remain solely responsible and liable for the Data, including without limitation for our use of and reliance upon such Data, and expressly release us from any and all liability arising from any such activities. We may process Personal Data both as a Processor and/or as a Controller, as defined in the GDPR and/or the Data Protection Laws and Regulation: - For Visitor's and/or User's data, provided by the Visitor and/or User to us, we will be the Controller in accordance with the GDPR and/or the Data Protection Laws and Regulations. - For Partner's data and/or Partner's and its users', visitors' and/or customers' data, provided by the Partner to us, we will be the Processor in accordance with the GDPR and/or the Data Protection Laws and Regulations. All data collected by us will be stored in secure hosting facilities. All hosting is performed in accordance with the highest security regulations. We contract with such hosting providers ensures that all hosting is performed in accordance with the highest security regulations. We have adopted reasonable physical, technical and organizational safeguards against accidental, unauthorized or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, disclosure, access, use or processing of the Partner's data and/or Partner's data and/or the Personal Data in our possession. We will promptly notify Partner in the event of any known unauthorized access to, or use of, the Partner's data and/or Partner's and its users', visitors' and/or customers' data and/or the Personal Data. 3.4. Third-Party Data Protection. To the extent that the use of the Services (where applicable) requires Partner to process its users', visitors' and/or customers' Personal Data, as part of its use of any third-party's platform, for the purposes of the GDPR and/or the Data Protection Laws and Regulations, such platform will be the Controller and Partner will act as a Processor and will: (a) comply with, and only act on, instructions from and on behalf of the third-party platform regarding the processing of that Personal Data; (b) not process that Personal Data for any purposes other than the Services; (c) ensure that appropriate technical and organizational measures are taken to avoid unauthorized or unlawful processing of that Personal Data and against loss or destruction of, or damage to, that Personal Data; (d) ensure the reliability of all of the personnel who have, and will have, access to that Personal Data; (e) not, by any act or omission, place the third-party platform and/or us in breach of the Data Protection Laws; (f) inform the third-party platform and/or us immediately of any suspected or confirmed data protection breaches or unauthorized or unlawful processing, loss, or destruction of, or damage to, that Personal Data; (g) not subcontract to any third party any of Partner's obligations to process the Personal Data on behalf of the third-party platform without the platform's prior written consent; (h) not process, or cause to be processed, that Personal Data outside the European Economic Area unless Partner has: (i) the third-party platform's prior written consent to do so; and (ii) fulfilled all of the third-party platform's requirements to enable the processing to take place outside the European Economic Area; and (i) to the extent that Partner is sending any electronic marketing communications on its behalf and/or on behalf of the third-party platform, ensure that the recipient has provided its consent to such communications, provide the ability to unsubscribe from such communications with each such communication, and comply with any such unsubscribe requests. We implement reasonable administrative, organizational and technical safeguards and security measures to protect Personal Data from unauthorized access, disclosure, destruction or alteration, accidental loss, misuse or damage. When disclosure of data to third parties is necessary and authorized, we ensure that these third parties guarantee the same level of data protection as that offered to them by us and requires contractual obligations so that the data is exclusively processed as per the provisions of this Policy and for the purposes, Partner have previously accepted and with the required confidentiality and security. If a Visitor, User and/or Partner has reason to believe that its interaction with us is no longer secure, it should immediately notify us. Please Note: We cannot guarantee that our security measures will prevent third-party ‘hackers' from illegally obtaining information. We take all reasonable measures to prevent such breaches of security, but given the resourcefulness of cyber-criminals, We are unable to guarantee that our security is one hundred percent (100%) breach-proof. Visitors, Users and/or Partners assume the risk of such breaches to the extent that they may occur despite our reasonable security measures. 6. Links to Other Sites Wherever you access such third parties websites and/or services (including our Partners' services), we recommend that you carefully review their privacy policies prior to using such websites and/or services and prior to disclosing any Personal Data. 7. Retention and Deletion We will not retain data (including any Personal Data) longer than is necessary to fulfill the purposes for which it was collected or as required by applicable laws or regulations. For Visitors' and/or Users' data, Visitors and/or Users with an active account will therefore have the responsibility to delete data when required. 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Based on the attached article, answer in an Essay format the following two questions (around 300 words) 1- What were the coping strategies given for dealing with fast speech? 2- Which strategies will you choose when you are faced with a fast speaker? First paragraph Introduction Second paragraph / answer the first question Third paragraph / answer the second question Fourth paragraph / Conclusion Based on the attached article, answer in an Essay format the following two questions (around 300 words) 1- What were the coping strategies given for dealing with fast speech? 2- Which strategies will The Journal of Specialised Translation Issue 13 – January 2010 19 Coping Strategies for Fast Delivery in Simultaneous Interpretation Changshuan Li, Beijing Foreign Studies University ABSTRACT Fast speech is the arch enemy of simultaneous interpreters. Prior preparation may address deficiencies in knowledge and terminology, and to some extent, alleviate the press ure of speed of delivery. But if the speed is beyond a certain limit, no interpreter can transmit the message in full, even if he/she is an expert in the subject. Fast deliveries place interpreters and listeners, particularly non -native listeners, at a dis advantage. It is widely recognised that a rate between 100 and 120 words per minute (wpm) is optimal for English speeches, although the figure may differ for different speech types. This translates into an optimal speed of 150 -180 syllables per minute for Chinese speeches. To cope with speeches faster than optimal speeds, this paper proposes four strategies: the speaker is requested to slow down; the interpreter speeds up; summarisation; termination of service. KEYWORDS Simultaneous i nterpreting, delivery speed, coping strategies, summarisation, termination of service . 1. Speed — an Insurmountable Barrier Fast speech is the arch enemy of simultaneous interpreters. Prior prepar ation may address deficiencies in knowledge and terminology, and to some extent, alleviate the pressure of fast delivery. But if the speed is beyond a certain limit, no interpreter can transmit the message in full, even if the interpreter is an expert in t he subject. This is even more so when the structures of the source and target languages differ substantially. The reason is simple. All interpreters have limited mental capacity. In simultaneous interpretation (SI), interpreters have to allocate attention among several tasks: listening and analysis, production, short – ter m memory and coordination (Gile 1995: 161). When a speaker‟s delivery is rapid, listening and analysis alone will consume almost all the interpreter‟s energy. Little energy will be left for production, especially when production involves complicated language restructuring. The human brain is like a washing machine. The drum must never be overloaded with laundry, or there will be no room for spinning, and cleaning will not be thorough. Likewi se, fast speeches overload the brain with too much information within a specific time span, leaving no room for proper processing of information to produce a coherent translation. 2. Problems of Fast Speech Delivering fast speeches in an international co nference may lead to several problems: First, mistranslation and loss of information. There is a maximum output that an interpreter can produce within a given time interval; the greater the input, the greater the chance of error and The Journal of Specialised Translation Issue 13 – January 2010 20 omission. Secondly, fas t delivery makes comprehension difficult even when the audience is listening to a native language. Thirdly, English is a non -native language to many, if not most, international conference participants. Participants lose information when either the speaker or the interpreter speaks too fast. On speed of delivery vs. comprehension, Xie Likui of Hubei Radio Station in China argues that there is a limit to speed in language production and language reception. When a speech is delivered too f ast, „the ears‟ cannot catch up with „the mouth ,‟ and the listener has difficulty understanding the speaker. According to Xie, the speed of news broadcasting has become faster. Take News Digest (Xinwen he baozhi zhaiyao) , a China Central Television (or CCTV, China‟s national TV network) programme as an example. In the 1960‟s, the broadcaster‟s speed of delivery was 185 characters per minute (cpm) (each character is one syllable). The speed was increased to 200 -220 cpm in the 1980‟s, 240 -260 cpm in the 1990s , 250 -270 cpm in recent years, and in extreme cases, over 300 cpm today . Speech spoken with speed taxes the listener and hampers understanding. In a letter to CCTV, a listener complained: “ News Digest broadcasters read the news incredibly fast. They speak like rolling thunder. I c an hardly breathe when I listen ” (Xie 2002). When speeches are spoken so fast to the extent of causing breathing difficulties, reception and comprehension will suffer . 3. What is the optimal speech rate for English? To ensure the proper functioning of the interpreter‟s brain, the speaker must speak at an appropriate speed. Studies show that speech rate has a direct correlation with interpretation quality. Accuracy is reduced a s the speech gets faster. Interpreters generally believe that, to ensure the quality of interpretation, a rate between 100 and 120 (English) words per minute (wpm) is optimal for speeches that are not read from a written text, although the figure may diffe r for different types of speech. Lederer suggested that for recited texts which are devoid of hesitation and redundancy that characterise official speeches, the maximum rate should be 100 wpm (Gerver 1969; Seleskovitch 1978; Lederer 198 1; as cited in Chang 2005: 12). The results of various studies concur with the general beliefs of simultaneous interpreters. The following is a comment taken from the message board of the International Association of Conference Interpreters (AIIC): We all know that a speake r speaking at about 100 to 120 words per minute is perfectly acceptable. However, there are exceptions to this: dense originals without much redundancy. Such speeches may seem excessively fast even if presented at 120 words per minute. Normally, however, a ny original exceeding 140 words per minute is fast. I have clocked speakers at 180 words per minute (Communicate 1999). The Journal of Specialised Translation Issue 13 – January 2010 21 For purposes of comparison, the speed of delivery of Voice of America‟s (VOA) Special English programme is 90 wpm, or two -thirds of nor mal broadcasting speed (140 wpm) (VOA 2005) . In China, the broadcasters of China Radio International English programmes speak at a rate of 120 wpm, which is still fairly fast to Chinese ears. 4. What is the optimal speech rate for Chine se? As in any other language, a speech in Chinese must be delivered more slowly than reading news if interpretation is to be effective. According to Professor Zhou Tongchun, a phonetics expert at Beijing Normal University, if the language used is everyday language, the human ear has a capacity of receiving seven to eight characters per second, or 240 to 250 cpm. Beyond this speed, the listener has difficulty in comprehension and perception. Xie Likui noted that ( Chinese) listeners have a recognition rate of 240 to 250 cpm, and as high as 280 cpm, if broadcasting is in Putonghua (Mandarin); hence, based on the principle of serving the majority, a broadcasting speed of between 250 and 2 60 cpm is more appropriate (Xi e 2002). Is this speed appropriate for simultaneous interpretation? The author did a word count on the number of words in the English version of The Government’s Work Report (Zhengfu gongzuo baogao) that Premier Wen Jiabao delivered at the 2009 National P eople‟s Congress. The ratio of the number of Chinese characters (syllables) to English words is approximately 1.3:1, meaning that every 1.3 Chinese character is translated into one English word ( Note: based on the author‟s experience, with succinct writing , depending on the nature of the document, this ratio may be as high as 1.7:1). 1 Using the broadcaster‟s speed of 260 c pm as a benchmark, if the English text was read aloud simultaneously, the reading speed (i.e. “shadowing ,” without any processing) will have to be 200 wpm to keep pace. This is a speed that greatly exceeds the speed of English broadcasters (the reading spe ed of Standard English rendered by BBC and VOA broadcasters is about 140 wpm). Even if the interpreter manages to process and deliver the information, few among the audience will understand. Fortunately, the annual Government’s Work Report is always read b y the Prime Minister of the country (not a news reader), who is usually a person speaking at a measured pace. Feng Jingbao, an experienced interpreter, said : “If a speaker speaks at the speed of the CCTV news reader, no one is capable of interpreting” (Fen g 2002). Therefore, SI from Chinese to English is impossible for speeches delivered at the speed of normal news broadcasting. Based on the author‟s experience, when a Chinese speaker reads from a prepared text at a fast speed, the interpreter will not be a ble to catch up with the speaker even if he/she were reading from a prepared English translation, unless the translation is exceptionally succinct. The Journal of Specialised Translation Issue 13 – January 2010 22 The author has performed no empirical study to find out the optimal speed for Chinese delivery. But a simpl e calculation could provide some indication. As mentioned earlier, the optimal speed for English speeches is 100 -120 wpm, and one English word is equivalent to 1.3 -1.7 Chinese characters (syllables). If we use the rate of 1.3:1, then 100 -120 wpm will be eq uivalent to 130 -156 Chinese characters per minute. If we use 1.7:1, then the equivalent Chinese speed will be 170 -204 cpm. On the average, 150 -180 cpm might be an appropriate rate. This is a much slower speed than the CCTV newscast . 5. Coping with Fast Sp eeches Interpreters have to find coping strategies to deal with speeches that are delivered faster than the optimal speed. Based on the author‟s practice and observation, four strategies may be used: the speaker is advised t o slow down, the interpreter sp eeds up, summarisation, termination of service. Strategy one: Request the speaker to slow down. This is the first possible tactic when a speaker is speaking too fast; however, one must remember that reminders seldom work, for speakers are either set in their speaking habits, or are always trying to cove r too much within a limited time. After being reminded, a speaker will usually slow down for a sentence or two, before quickly forgetting the rules. Also, too -frequent reminders impede communication. A fast rate of speech is a universal challenge for inter preters. On one occasion, a NATO interpreter even tried seeking help on the AIIC website. He proposed installing a “word flow monitoring device” to monitor speakers‟ speech rate (Communicate 1999) . If a speaker speaks too fast, the device will automaticall y issue a warning to remind him/her to slow down. The author has his doubts about the device‟s practicality. Some years ago, the interpreters‟ cont rol panel was installed with a „slow -down‟ button, which interpreters could press when people were speaking t oo quickly. A small light affixed to the rostrum would blink, signalling to the speaker to slow down. The button‟s disappearance from the control panel in recent years shows its ineffectiveness. Speakers often get carried away, and no amount of pressing on the button will alert them to their speed. To ensure that speakers speak at a reasonable pace, the efforts of several players are indispensable: interpreters‟ associations/societies, conference organisers, and individuals. As an association of interprete rs, AIIC has communicated with institutional users of SI such as the United Nations and the European Union on speakers‟ requirements. As a result of AIIC‟s efforts, the European Commission‟s Directorate -General for Interpretation issued Tips for Speakers , giving speakers tips on how to deliver speeches when interpreters‟ services are used (Tips for Speakers ). One of the tips is to “speak naturally, at a reasonable pace .” If speakers could observe the The Journal of Specialised Translation Issue 13 – January 2010 23 tips, interpretation quality would be greatly enhanced. In dealing with ad hoc users of interpretation services, interpreters should communicate with the conference organiser, requesting speakers to speak at a reasonable pace. At small and more personal meetings, interpreters may communicate directly with the speakers. Most speakers are quite ready to cooperate, and would even request interpreters to raise their hands at any time when slowing down is needed. As a general rule, interpreters must make known their difficulties to conference organisers and speakers to ensure that they receive the required cooperation. Strategy Two: The interpreter speeds up. If the speaker fails to cooperate, the interpreter will have to speed up. The constraint, however, is that speech rate cannot be increased indefinitely. And as mentioned earlier, if a speech is delivered too quickly, most of the interpreter‟s processing capacity will be devoted to comprehension, leaving little energy and time for translating and speaking the target language. The resulting utterance would be eith er incoherent or too fast for the audience‟s comprehension. Strategy Three: Summarisation. This is a tactic used when the interpreter cannot keep pace with the speaker even with increased speed. The best approach to interpreting speeches with redundant in formation (such as impromptu speeches) is to summarise. Summary interpretation will produce a more succinct speech than the original. On the other hand, speeches densely packed with information or with complex reasoning cannot be further condensed. Any att empt at summarising will result in omissions or truncated logic, and the audience will find difficulty following the speaker, particularly when speakers read verbatim and rapidly from written text or in government jargon. Interpreters can only do their bes t, and translate as much as they are able within the limited time. Having said that, summarisation consumes a lot of energy and is not sustainable. Interpreters familiar with the subject -matter and who understand the audience‟s needs and the central messa ge can respond faster by capturing essential information and discarding the trivial. In any case, no amount of familiarity with the subject -matter can compensate for a speech delivered too fast. Strategy Four: Termination of service. In the event that wor king conditions do not meet the interpreters‟ minimum requirements and as a result, interpretation quality is compromised, interpreters may terminate their services. Although the author has not seen any interpreter using this strategy, the author has heard it. As a student at Beijing Foreign Studies University some years ago, the author was listening to a recording of debates at the United Nations General Assembly, and an interpreter was interpreting from an other language into English. At the outset, the author had already found the interpreter‟s delivery very fast. Halfway through interpretation, the interpreter burst out suddenly, saying something to the following effect: “Mr Chairman, interpreters are not machines. The The Journal of Specialised Translation Issue 13 – January 2010 24 speaker is speaking too fast. If you do not intervene, the interpreters will stop working.” Then it was complete silence. The interpreter had obviously turned off the microphone. Indeed, interpreters have rights, and are entitled to claim the ir rights. Unless the required working conditions are met, interpreters have the right to refuse to deliver service. Having said that, interpreters who serve as the bridge between speakers and audience should refrain from turning off the microphone (desp ite it being one possible strategy) unless absolutely necessary. First of all, not all speakers speak fast, and any speaker‟s turn will be over very soon. The organiser will understand if the interpretation for that particular segment is not completely sat isfactory. Turning off the microphone because of one speaker will attract the audience‟s attention to the interpreter. Secondly, many conferences provide SI services simply to raise the prestige of the meeting or as part of the complete language service of fered at the conference. If the interpreter determines that this is indeed the case, i.e. meeting participants do not actually use the interpretation service, there is even less necessity to turn off the microphone and attract the organiser‟s attention to interpreters. Finally, as a protection of the interpreter‟s interests and to prevent any unnecessary dispute, interpreters should stipulate in their interpretation contracts that the organisers ensure that speakers observe a reasonable rate of speech. Bi bliography Chang, Chia -Chien (2005), Directionality in Chinese/English Simultaneous Interpreting: Impact on Performance and Strategy Use . PhD thesis. Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin. Onli ne at http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2005/changc71804/changc71804.pdf (consulted 13.09. 2006) . Communicate (1999). AIIIC Webzine n°1. Online at http://www.aiic.net/ViewPage.cfm/article13 (consulted 18.10.2009) Feng, Jingbao (冯京葆 ) (2002), 我做口译的经历和体会 . http://www.si – china.net/schools/experience.htm (consulted 2006 -9-13) Gerver, David (1969). “ The effects of source language presentation rate on the performance of simultaneous conference interpreters”. Emerson Foulke (Ed), Proceedings of the 2nd Louisville Conference on Rate and/or Frequency Controlled Speech . Louisville, KY: University of Louisville. October 22 -24, 1969. 162 -184. Gile, Daniel (1995). Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training . Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Lederer, Marianne (1981). La Traduction simultanée . Paris: Minard Lettres Modernes. The Journal of Specialised Translation Issue 13 – January 2010 25 Seleskovitch, Danica (1978). Interpreting for international conferences . Washington, D. C.: Pen&Booth. Tips for Speakers (no date). Online at http://www.eudevdays.eu/docs/tips2007_en.pdf (consulted 18.10.2009) VOA Special English (2005). Online at http://www.unsv.com/voanews/specialenglish/about/ (consulted 18.10.2009 ). Xie, Likui (谢礼逵 ) (2002) ，广播新闻播音语速浅析 ，中国主播网， Online at http://www.zhubo.net/Article/zyzn/qxkz/200607/807.html (consulted 13.09.2006 ) Biography Li Ch angshuan is Associate Professor, Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation, Beijing Foreign Studies University, China. He is also a conference interpreter a nd translator. Email: [email protected] 1 Based on the author‟s experience, with succinct writing, depending on the nature of the document, this ratio may be as high as 1.7:1 .
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I am just confident in their expertise and would recommend those to anyone looking for a home inspection.” – Emily, Clermont FL |“I couldn’t be happier with all the home inspection services supplied by WIN Home Inspections. The inspector was thorough, knowledgeable, and professional. The detailed report helped me make informed decisions about my potential new home. Strongly recommend!” |“From start to finish, WIN Home Inspections exceeded my expectations. The inspector arrived punctually, conducted a thorough inspection, and spent the time to answer all my questions. The inspection report was well organized and easy to understand. I might definitely use their services again!” |“WIN Home Inspections is definitely the go-to home inspection company in Clermont FL. Their team of inspectors is professional, personable, and very skilled. The interest to detail within their inspections is unmatched. I am positive about their expertise and would recommend these to anyone needing a home inspection.” The Role of Home Inspections in Actual Estate Transactions Home inspections play a crucial role in actual estate transactions, serving the interests of buyers, sellers, and agents alike. Let’s explore the precious role and advantages of home inspections in ensuring successful and informed property transactions. For buyers , a thorough home inspection provides satisfaction so it helps them create a confident investment decision. By identifying any potential issues or hidden issues with the property, buyers can avoid costly surprises and negotiate repairs or price adjustments, ensuring their investment is sound and secure. Similarly, for sellers , a pre-listing inspection allows them to proactively identify and address any problems that could impact the marketplace worth of their property. By taking care of necessary repairs or improvements before listing, sellers can have more potential buyers and enhance their likelihood of a smooth and successful sale. Property agents also count on home inspections to provide their clients with valuable information. By together with a home inspection contingency in the purchase contract, agents can make certain that their customers are making informed decisions according to a thorough assessment in the property’s condition. This helps build trust and confidence between agents as well as their clients, making the whole transaction process smoother and a lot more transparent. To sum up, home inspections are an important part of real estate transactions. They offer peace of mind for buyers, help sellers prepare their properties, and enable agents to guide their clientele effectively. Knowing the role and advantages of home inspections is vital for many parties involved, ensuring informed decisions and successful transactions. |Role of Home Inspections in actual Estate Transactions | Peace of mind Confident investment decisions | Identify and address issues Increase market price Get more possible buyers | Provide valuable information Build trust with clients Facilitate smoother transactions Meet Your Licensed Home Inspector Team Our authorized home inspector team in Clermont FL is composed of experienced and knowledgeable professionals who are committed to delivering high-quality inspections. Each part of our company has undergone rigorous training and contains the expertise to conduct thorough and accurate inspections. You can rely on our inspectors to supply detailed reports, answer any queries you could have, and ensure that you have a clear understanding of the condition of your property. |Accredited Home Inspector |Accredited Home Inspector |Authorized Home Inspector Our company of accredited home inspectors brings a wealth of experience and knowledge to each inspection. These are well-versed in all aspects of homes and remain up-to-date with all the latest industry standards and greatest practices. From the time they step foot on your own property, you could expect professionalism, thoroughness, and awareness of detail. Our inspectors utilize advanced tools and technologies to ensure every component of your house is carefully inspected, leaving no stone unturned. They will identify any potential issues, explain their findings in clear and concise terms, and provide a comprehensive report detailing their observations and recommendations. When you choose our trustworthy home inspection team in Clermont FL, you can be sure that you are utilizing dedicated experts who have your very best interests at heart. We understand the significance of accurate and reliable inspections with regards to making informed decisions regarding your property. Let our experienced inspectors assist you to acquire a comprehensive knowledge of your home’s condition and direct you towards making the right selections for your investment. Common Signs You Want a Clermont Florida Home Inspector If you’re wondering when you ought to schedule a home inspection in Clermont Florida, there are numerous common signs that indicate it’s time and energy to contact the experts. Whether you’re purchasing a new house, renovating your current property, or experiencing strange issues or noises, a home inspection can offer the peace of mind and important information to make informed decisions. - Purchasing a new house: Before finalizing the purchase of a new house, it’s essential to possess a professional home inspection to uncover any hidden problems that may impact the safety or price of the property. - Renovating your existing home: If you’re planning significant renovations, a home inspection will help you identify potential issues or structural concerns which could arise through the remodeling process. - Moving to a different house: When moving to a different house, it’s wise to plan a home inspection to make certain all things are in proper working order and also to address any potential maintenance or repair needs. - Property damage coming from a natural disaster: If your property has been impacted by a natural disaster for instance a hurricane or flood, a home inspection can evaluate the extent from the damage and supply guidance on necessary repairs. - Noticing strange issues or noises: Unusual issues or strange noises in your home might point to underlying problems. A home inspector can investigate and determine the main cause of these problems, offering recommendations for resolution. By recognizing these signs and scheduling a home inspection, you are able to make sure the safety, integrity, and worth of your property in Clermont Florida. |Signs You Need a Home Inspector |When you should Plan a Home Inspection |Investing in a new home |Before finalizing the purchase |Renovating your existing home |Prior to starting renovations |Moving to a different house |Before settling in to the new property |Property damage from the natural disaster |Immediately after the disaster |Noticing strange issues or noises |As soon as unusual issues arise Don’t ignore the signs. Plan a home inspection now to protect your investment and make sure a safe and sound living environment. Benefits Associated With Choosing Clermont Florida Inspector Experts When it comes to your home inspection needs in Clermont Florida, choosing our inspector experts offers numerous benefits. By selecting our company, you can have confidence inside the following: - Expertise and Experience: Our home inspection experts have extensive knowledge and experience in assessing residential properties. They have got undergone rigorous training and stay updated with industry standards and practices. - Thorough and Accurate Inspections: We have been focused on providing comprehensive inspections that leave no stone unturned. Our inspectors meticulously examine all accessible areas of your property, ensuring no potential issues go unnoticed. - Top-Notch Customer Support: We prioritize your satisfaction and make an effort to deliver exceptional customer care. We are responsive, professional, and focused on addressing your concerns and questions. - Detailed Reports and Recommendations: Following the inspection, our company offers detailed reports that highlight our findings and strategies for any necessary repairs or maintenance. Our reports are clear, comprehensive, and clear and understandable. By choosing us for your home inspection needs in Clermont FL, you can have satisfaction realizing that your property is at capable hands. We are committed to offering the highest degree of service and professionalism to be sure the safety and integrity of your home. Obtaining the Most Value from Property Inspection Services In terms of property inspection services in Clermont Florida, maximizing the benefits and having probably the most value is essential. Here are some tips to make sure you make the most of your home inspection: 1. Choose a reputable and experienced home inspector: Deciding on a authorized and knowledgeable home inspector is essential. Choose a reliable company using a proven track record in Clermont Florida, like WIN Home Inspections. Their experienced team will give you a comprehensive study of your property. 2. Be present through the inspection: Attending the inspection enables you to make inquiries and obtain a deeper knowledge of any potential issues. In addition, it gives you a chance to understand more about how your home operates and ways to maintain it properly. 3. Assess the inspection report in detail: Carefully examining the inspection report ensures that you are mindful of any findings or concerns. Take time to browse through the report along with your home inspector, who will explain their observations and recommendations for you. 4. Prioritize repairs and maintenance: Once you have received the inspection report, address any necessary repairs or maintenance promptly. This can help prevent minor issues from turning into major ones and ensures the protection and longevity of your home. By using these pointers, it is possible to maximize the advantages of property inspection services in Clermont FL and make informed decisions regarding your home. Remember, a thorough inspection provides valuable information that protects your investment and gives you reassurance.
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Silica and your Skincare Silica is a naturally occurring mineral found in various forms and is commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products for its absorbent, mattifying, and texture-enhancing properties. It's often listed as "silica" or "silicon dioxide" on product ingredient lists. Here's an overview of silica in skincare: Functions and Benefits: Absorbent Properties: Silica is known for its ability to absorb excess oil and sweat from the skin's surface, making it a popular ingredient in products designed for oily or combination skin. This can help reduce shine and create a more matte appearance. Blurring Effect: Silica can help diffuse light, which can give the skin a smoother and more refined appearance. It's often used in primers and foundations to create a soft-focus effect that minimizes the appearance of imperfections. Texturizing Agent: Silica is used to improve the texture and feel of skincare and cosmetic products. It can contribute to the smoothness and spreadability of creams, lotions, and powders. Thickening Agent: In formulations, silica can act as a thickening agent, helping to give products a desirable consistency and preventing separation of ingredients. Absorption of Moisture: Silica has moisture-absorbing properties, which can be helpful in certain skincare products like powders or dry masks to prevent clumping and extend shelf life. Types of Silica in Skincare: Amorphous Silica: This form of silica is often used in skincare products due to its absorbent properties and ability to create a matte finish. It's commonly found in oil-absorbing powders, primers, and some sunscreen formulations. Colloidal Silica: This is a gel-like form of silica that's used for its texturizing and stabilizing effects. It's often found in creams, lotions, and gels to enhance their texture and viscosity. Silica Microspheres: These are small particles of silica that can provide a blurring and soft-focus effect when applied to the skin. They're commonly used in primers and makeup products to create a smoother complexion. Potential Dryness: While silica can be beneficial for oily skin types, it has the potential to absorb excess moisture from the skin, which might lead to dryness if used excessively. Sensitivity: Some individuals might find that products containing high concentrations of silica can be drying or irritating, especially if they have sensitive or dry skin. It's important to monitor your skin's response. Silica Safety: In its cosmetic and skincare applications, silica is generally considered safe for topical use. However, inhaling fine silica particles (as in loose powders) can pose a risk to lung health, so it's important to use powders in a well-ventilated area and avoid inhalation. Silica is a versatile ingredient commonly used in skincare and cosmetic products to provide a matte finish, blur imperfections, and enhance product texture. It can be particularly beneficial for those with oily or combination skin. As with any skincare ingredient, it's important to consider your skin type and needs, as well as the overall formulation of the product The use of silica in skincare dates back several decades and has evolved as cosmetic and skincare formulations have advanced. Silica, in various forms, has been used for its absorbent and texturizing properties, contributing to the development of products with improved aesthetics and functionality. Here's a brief overview of the origins of silica in skincare: - Silica, as a naturally occurring mineral, has been used for centuries in various cultural practices for its absorbent properties. It was sometimes applied to the skin to absorb moisture and oils. - In ancient times, finely ground silica might have been used in skincare and beauty routines, although historical records of such practices are limited. Cosmetic and Skincare Industry Evolution: - As the cosmetic and skincare industry advanced in the 20th century, there was a growing focus on creating products with desirable textures and performance. - Silica's ability to absorb excess oil and improve the feel of products made it an attractive ingredient for formulations, particularly for those targeting oily or combination skin. - One of the earliest and most prominent uses of silica in skincare has been in the formulation of mattifying powders. These powders, often referred to as "oil-absorbing powders," contained silica to help control shine and oiliness on the skin's surface. Primer and Foundation Formulations: - Silica gained popularity in primer and foundation formulations for its ability to create a blurring effect and smooth out the skin's appearance. It helps to minimize the look of fine lines, pores, and imperfections. Advancements in Texturizing: - With advancements in cosmetic science, different forms of silica, such as colloidal silica and silica microspheres, were developed. These forms enhanced the texture, spreadability, and overall performance of skincare and cosmetic products. - Over time, cosmetic companies continued to innovate, developing a wide range of products that incorporate silica. These include primers, foundations, setting powders, oil-absorbing sheets, and more. Regulation and Safety: - Regulatory agencies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Commission regulate the use of silica in cosmetic and skincare products to ensure safety and proper labeling. Ongoing Use and Innovation: - Silica remains a common ingredient in modern skincare and cosmetic products due to its versatile properties. Its use continues to evolve alongside advancements in cosmetic technology and consumer preferences. The use of silica in skincare and cosmetics has a history rooted in its absorbent and texturizing properties. It has evolved as cosmetic formulations have advanced, contributing to products that provide a matte finish, blur imperfections, and enhance the overall user experience. Silica and Your Skincare Routine Silica is often found in skincare products like primers, foundations, setting powders, and oil-absorbing products due to its mattifying and blurring properties. If you're using products that contain silica, here's how it can fit into your skincare routine: 1. Cleansing: Begin your skincare routine with a gentle cleanser to remove any dirt, makeup, or impurities from your skin. Cleansing creates a clean canvas for applying skincare and makeup products containing silica. 2. Toning (Optional): If you use a toner, apply it after cleansing. Toners help balance your skin's pH levels and can prepare your skin to better absorb subsequent products. 3. Moisturizer: Apply your regular moisturizer. Even if you're using products with silica, it's important to maintain adequate hydration for your skin. A moisturizer helps create a barrier that locks in moisture and prevents excessive dryness. 4. Silica-Containing Products: Products containing silica are often used after moisturizing and before makeup application. Here's how to incorporate them: Primer: If you're using a silica-based primer, apply it after your moisturizer. Primers with silica can help create a smooth base for makeup application, minimize the appearance of pores and fine lines, and prolong the wear of your makeup. Foundation: Some foundations contain silica to provide a blurring effect and a matte finish. Apply your foundation over the primer, if using, or directly onto moisturized skin. Setting Powder: Silica-containing setting powders can be used to set your makeup and control shine throughout the day. Apply a thin layer over your foundation to lock it in place and reduce oiliness. 5. Makeup (Optional): Continue with your makeup routine as desired. The products you use after applying silica-containing products will depend on your makeup preferences and needs. 6. Sunscreen (Daytime): If you're applying these products during the day, don't forget to apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen as a final step. Some sunscreens also contain silica to provide a matte finish, so you might find this additional benefit. 7. Nighttime Routine (Optional): If you're using silica-containing products in your nighttime routine, make sure to thoroughly cleanse your skin to remove all makeup and product residue before proceeding with your regular nighttime skincare routine. - Start with a small amount of product. Silica can be effective in small quantities, and using too much might result in a powdery or unnatural finish. - Use products with silica when you want a matte finish or when you're wearing makeup for extended periods. - If you have sensitive or dry skin, be cautious with the frequency of silica-containing products, as they could potentially exacerbate dryness. Remember that everyone's skin is different, and what works best for you might vary based on your skin type, concerns, and preferences. If you're unsure about how to incorporate silica-containing products into your routine, consider doing a patch test and observing how your skin responds. Silica, commonly found in skincare and cosmetic products, offers several benefits due to its absorbent and texturizing properties. Here are some of the benefits of using products with silica in your skincare routine: 1. Mattifying Effect: Silica is known for its excellent oil-absorbing properties. When applied to the skin, it can help absorb excess sebum and control shine, giving your skin a matte finish. This is particularly beneficial for those with oily or combination skin. 2. Pore Minimization: Products containing silica, such as primers and foundations, can help visually minimize the appearance of pores. Silica particles have a blurring effect that softens the look of pores, creating a smoother skin texture. 3. Reduced Shine: For individuals who struggle with excessive oiliness, especially in the T-zone, products with silica can help reduce the appearance of shine throughout the day. This can contribute to a more polished and fresh-looking complexion. 4. Smooth and Even Texture: Silica's texture-enhancing properties can contribute to the even application of makeup products. It helps create a smooth canvas for foundation and other makeup, making it easier to achieve a seamless and natural finish. 5. Long-Lasting Makeup: When used as a primer or setting powder, silica can help extend the wear of your makeup. It can act as a barrier that prevents makeup from breaking down or fading throughout the day, especially in areas prone to oiliness. 6. Soft-Focus Effect: Silica's light-diffusing properties scatter and reflect light, which can create a soft-focus effect on the skin. This can help blur the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and other imperfections, giving your skin a more youthful and radiant look. 7. Improved Aesthetic Appeal: Silica is used to enhance the overall texture and feel of skincare and cosmetic products. It can help create a smoother consistency in creams, lotions, and powders, making them more pleasant to apply. 8. Non-Comedogenic: Silica is generally considered to be non-comedogenic, meaning it's unlikely to clog pores or contribute to acne breakouts. This makes it suitable for a wide range of skin types. 9. Versatility: Silica can be found in various types of products, including primers, foundations, setting powders, oil-absorbing sheets, and more. Its versatility allows you to incorporate it into different steps of your skincare and makeup routine. 10. Ideal for Oily Skin: Due to its ability to control oil and shine, silica-containing products are particularly well-suited for individuals with oily skin or those who struggle with midday shine. 11. Quick Touch-Ups: Silica-containing products, especially blotting papers or oil-absorbing sheets, are convenient for quick touch-ups throughout the day to eliminate excess oil and maintain a fresh appearance. Concerns of Silica While silica offers benefits for skincare and cosmetic products, there are also some potential concerns and considerations to keep in mind when using products containing this ingredient: 1. Drying Effect: Silica's absorbent properties can lead to excessive dryness, especially for individuals with dry or sensitive skin. Using products with high concentrations of silica, or using them too frequently, may strip the skin of its natural moisture. 2. Irritation and Sensitivity: Some individuals with sensitive skin might find that products containing silica cause irritation, redness, or discomfort. It's important to be cautious when using products with silica, especially if you have a history of skin sensitivity. 3. Excessive Oil Absorption: While silica can help control excess oil, using it excessively might send a signal to the skin that it needs to produce even more oil to compensate for the perceived dryness. This can lead to a cycle of overproduction of oil, potentially exacerbating oiliness over time. 4. Makeup Pilling or Flaking: When used in excess or layered with certain products, silica-containing products might lead to makeup pilling or flaking. This occurs when the products don't blend well together and create tiny particles that roll or peel off the skin. 5. Inhalation Risk: Loose powders containing fine silica particles pose an inhalation risk when applying them, as inhaling these particles can potentially irritate the lungs. It's important to use powders in a well-ventilated area and to avoid breathing in the product. 6. Potential for Skin Barrier Disruption: Using products with high concentrations of silica or using them too frequently might compromise the skin's natural barrier function, making it more susceptible to environmental stressors and irritation. 7. Not a Solution for All Skin Types: While silica can be beneficial for those with oily skin seeking a matte finish, it might not be suitable for all skin types. People with dry, sensitive, or mature skin might find that the drying effects of silica outweigh its benefits. 8. Allergic Reactions: Like any skincare ingredient, some individuals might have allergies to silica or other components of products containing silica. If you experience any adverse reactions, discontinue use and consult a dermatologist. 9. Limited Long-Term Research: Long-term effects of frequent and prolonged use of products with high concentrations of silica are not extensively studied. While short-term benefits might be noticeable, it's important to consider potential long-term implications. 10. Interaction with Other Ingredients: Certain skincare ingredients, like chemical exfoliants or strong active ingredients, might interact with silica-containing products, potentially leading to irritation or unpredictable results. What Skincare Ingredients Work Well with Silica and Which Don't When using skincare products containing silica, it's essential to choose complementary ingredients that enhance its benefits while avoiding those that might lead to irritation or counteract its effects. Here's a guide to skincare ingredients that generally work well with silica and those that might not be the best combination: Ingredients That Work Well with Silica: Hyaluronic Acid: Silica can have a drying effect on the skin, so pairing it with hydrating ingredients like hyaluronic acid can help maintain moisture balance and prevent excessive dryness. Glycerin: Similar to hyaluronic acid, glycerin is a humectant that draws moisture to the skin. Using products with silica and glycerin can help counteract the potential drying effects of silica. Niacinamide (Vitamin B3): Niacinamide is known for its soothing and barrier-strengthening properties. It can help mitigate any potential irritation that might arise from using products with silica. Antioxidants: Ingredients like Vitamin C and Vitamin E provide antioxidant protection, which can help counteract oxidative stress and maintain overall skin health when using silica-containing products. Ceramides: Ceramides support the skin's barrier function, which can help prevent excessive moisture loss when using products with absorbent ingredients like silica. Mineral Sunscreen: If you're using products with silica during the day, a mineral sunscreen containing ingredients like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide can provide sun protection without interacting negatively with silica. Lightweight Moisturizers: When using silica-containing products, opt for lightweight, non-greasy moisturizers that can hydrate the skin without adding excess oil. Ingredients to Use with Caution: Exfoliants (AHAs, BHAs): While exfoliating ingredients can work well with silica to improve texture, combining them might increase skin sensitivity. If using both, introduce them gradually and pay attention to how your skin responds. Retinoids: Similar to exfoliants, retinoids can potentially increase skin sensitivity when used alongside silica. If you're using both, consider applying them at different times or on alternate days. Ingredients to Avoid or Use Sparingly: Alcohol-Based Products: Alcohol can be drying and might exacerbate the potential drying effects of silica, leading to discomfort or irritation. Strong Exfoliants or Peels: Strong chemical peels or exfoliants, especially in combination with products containing silica, can increase the risk of irritation or over-exfoliation. Other Strong Actives: Ingredients like benzoyl peroxide or high concentrations of alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) should be used with caution when using products containing silica, as they might lead to excessive dryness and irritation. Remember that individual reactions can vary, and it's essential to listen to your skin and monitor its response to different ingredient combinations. If you're uncertain about how to combine specific ingredients or if you have sensitive or reactive skin, consulting a dermatologist can provide personalized guidance tailored to your skin's needs.
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Best Knitting Needles for Every Project When it comes to knitting, having the right needles is essential for a successful project. With so many options available, it can be overwhelming to choose the best ones. However, there are a few factors to consider when selecting knitting needles, such as the type of project, personal preference, and knitting style. In this article, we will explore the different types of knitting needles and recommend the best options for various projects, from straight needles to circular needles and everything in between. Let's dive in! - Choosing the right knitting needles is crucial for a successful knitting project. - Factors to consider when selecting knitting needles include the type of project, personal preference, and knitting style. - Straight needles are ideal for flat knitting projects, while circular needles are versatile and can be used for both flat and circular knitting. - Interchangeable knitting needles offer convenience and versatility, allowing you to create different lengths and sizes of circular needles. - The material of knitting needles, such as metal, wood, or plastic, can impact the knitting process. Choosing the Right Knitting Needles When it comes to selecting the perfect knitting needles for your projects, there are a few important factors to consider. Your knitting experience level, budget, and personal preferences will all play a role in finding the right needles for you. While there is no one-size-fits-all solution, there are some general guidelines that can help you make an informed choice. If you tend to knit tightly, you may find that metal knitting needles suit you best. Metal needles provide a smooth glide, allowing your stitches to move effortlessly. On the other hand, if you're a loose knitter, bamboo needles can provide the grip you need to control your tension. Bamboo needles have a warmer feel and can help prevent your stitches from sliding too much. Durability is another factor to consider. Metal knitting needles, such as those made of aluminum or nickel, are known for their longevity. They can withstand the test of time and multiple projects without wearing down. In contrast, bamboo needles are more prone to breakage, especially in smaller sizes. Circular Needles for Easier Project Management If you've ever struggled to keep track of your second needle when working with straight needles, circular needles might be a better option for you. Circular needles consist of needle tips connected by a flexible cable, allowing you to work seamlessly in the round or on larger flat projects. They also distribute the weight of your project more evenly, reducing strain on your wrists. Ultimately, the best way to determine the right knitting needles for you is to try different types and sizes. Experimenting with various materials, lengths, and sizes will give you a better understanding of which needles feel most comfortable in your hands and produce the best results for your projects. Don't be afraid to explore and find your knitting needle soulmate. Comparison Chart: Types of Knitting Needles | Needle Type | Material | Pros | Cons | | Straight | Bamboo | Lightweight, easy to work with | May lack durability | | | Metal | Smooth glide, long-lasting | Cold to the touch, stitches may slip | | | Plastic | Affordable, available in various colors | Less commonly used, may lack durability | | Circular | Metal | Versatile, suitable for both flat and circular knitting | Cold to the touch, stitches may slip | | | Bamboo | Warm feel, lightweight | Less durable, may break in thinner sizes | | Interchangeable | Various | Versatile options, flexibility for different projects | Higher upfront cost, may require extra storage space | Note: The data in this chart is for illustrative purposes only. Please consult product specifications and reviews for accurate and up-to-date information when choosing knitting needles. Straight Knitting Needles Straight knitting needles are the most traditional type of needles and are commonly used for flat knitting projects. They come in various materials, including bamboo, metal, and plastic. For beginner knitters on a budget, a set of straight bamboo knitting needles is a fantastic option. These needles are lightweight, easy to work with, and provide a smooth knitting experience. They are also environmentally friendly due to bamboo's sustainability. Bamboo knitting needles have a textured surface, offering extra grip and preventing stitches from slipping off the needles. This makes them suitable for beginners who may find it challenging to control their tension. If you prefer metal knitting needles or want a higher quality option, Knit Picks' wooden straight needle sets are highly recommended. These needles are made of high-quality wood and have a smoother surface than bamboo, allowing the yarn to slide more easily. The warmth and natural feel of wooden knitting needles can enhance the overall knitting experience, making them a popular choice among experienced knitters. Additionally, Knit Picks offers a wide range of sizes, ensuring that you can find the perfect needle for any project. |- Lightweight and easy to work with |- It may wear down over time |- Smooth surface for fast knitting |- Can be cold to the touch and stitches may slide more easily |- Warm and comfortable feel |- Prone to breakage, especially in thinner sizes |- Lightweight and affordable |- May lack durability compared to other materials Straight knitting needles are versatile and suitable for various knitting projects, including scarves, shawls, and blankets. Whether you prefer the affordability and ease of bamboo needles or the quality and smoothness of wooden needles, the best knitting needles ultimately depend on your personal preference and knitting style. Experimenting with different materials can help you discover the perfect match for your knitting needs. Knitting Needles for Working in the Round When it comes to knitting projects in the round, such as hats, mittens, and socks, you need the right tools to ensure a seamless finished product. Two popular options for working in the round are circular knitting needles and double pointed needles. Circular Knitting Needles Circular knitting needles consist of two needle tips connected by a flexible cable. They are versatile and can be used for both flat and circular knitting. The cable length can vary, allowing you to work on projects of different sizes. Circular needles are perfect for larger projects that require a continuous loop, as they distribute the weight of your project across the cable, reducing strain on your hands and wrists. "Circular knitting needles are a must-have for any knitter working on larger projects or projects that require seamless construction. They provide flexibility and comfort, allowing you to easily knit in the round with ease and precision." - Emma Thompson, an experienced knitter Double Pointed Needles Double pointed needles, also known as DPNs, have points at both ends and are typically used for knitting small circumferences. They are ideal for projects like sock cuffs or intricate patterns that require precise needle placement. With double pointed needles, you work with two or more needles at a time, evenly distributing your stitches across the needles. This prevents laddering and ensures a smooth, even result. "Double pointed needles are my go-to for knitting socks and other small circular projects. They provide excellent control and allow me to create intricate designs with ease." - Sarah Johnson, knitting enthusiast Both circular knitting needles and double pointed needles have their advantages and choosing the right option depends on personal preference and the project at hand. Some knitters prefer the continuous loop of circular needles, while others enjoy the precise control offered by double pointed needles. |Circular Knitting Needles |Double Pointed Needles |Used for both flat and circular knitting |Perfect for small circumferences |Versatile and suitable for larger projects |Provide excellent control and precision |Reduces strain on hands and wrists |Prevents laddering and ensures even stitches Ultimately, the choice between circular knitting needles and double pointed needles is a matter of personal preference. Some knitters even use both types interchangeably, depending on the project's requirements. It's always a good idea to have both options in your knitting toolkit, as they offer different benefits and expand your creative possibilities. Interchangeable Knitting Needles Interchangeable knitting needles are a game-changer for avid knitters who value versatility and convenience. This innovative knitting tool consists of separate needle tips and interchangeable cables, allowing you to create different lengths and sizes of circular needles. With these needles at your disposal, you no longer need to invest in multiple needle sets for various projects. Two renowned brands in the interchangeable knitting needle market are Addi and Chiaogoo. Addi Turbo, known for their exceptional quality, features nickel-plated brass needles that ensure smooth and effortless knitting. Chiaogoo, on the other hand, offers a diverse range of interchangeable needle types made from both stainless steel and bamboo materials, catering to knitters with different preferences. Let's take a closer look at these brands and their offerings: |Addi Turbo Collection |Addi Click Basic Set |Includes 10 different sizes of needle tips and three cable lengths (24", 32", and 40") |Addi Click Rocket Set |Offers shorter tips suitable for more intricate and detailed projects |Addi Click Lace Set |Designed specifically for lace knitting with sharp needle tips and thinner cables Chiaogoo Interchangeable Needles |Chiaogoo Interchangeable Collection |Twist Interchangeable Set |Includes stainless steel needle tips in a comprehensive range of sizes, flexible cables, and various accessories such as stitch markers and a needle gauge |Spin Bamboo Interchangeable Set |Features bamboo needle tips known for their warm and comfortable feel, ideal for knitters who prefer natural materials Whether you choose Addi Turbo or Chiaogoo, investing in interchangeable knitting needles opens up a world of possibilities, allowing you to tackle any project with ease. Say goodbye to cluttered needle collections and hello to the convenience of interchangeable knitting needles! Needle Materials: Metal, Wood, and Plastic The material from which knitting needles are made can significantly impact the knitting process. Different materials offer unique qualities that can enhance the knitting experience. Here, we explore the characteristics of metal, wood, and plastic knitting needles. Metal Knitting Needles Metal knitting needles, such as those made of aluminum or nickel, are sleek in design and highly durable. The smooth surface allows yarn to glide effortlessly, making them ideal for intricate stitch patterns and quick knitting. Metal needles also retain their shape well, ensuring consistent stitch tension. Wooden Knitting Needles Wooden knitting needles, like bamboo or birch, provide a warm and comfortable feel while knitting. They are lightweight, reducing strain on the hands during long knitting sessions. The textured surface of wooden needles offers extra grip, making them especially suitable for beginners. These needles also produce less noise while knitting, creating a quieter and more relaxing knitting experience. Plastic Knitting Needles Plastic knitting needles are less commonly used but offer their own advantages. They are lightweight and come in a range of vibrant colors, adding a fun element to your knitting projects. Plastic needles are often more affordable, making them a budget-friendly option. However, they may not have the same level of durability as metal or wooden needles and may not be suitable for heavier projects. When choosing knitting needles, consider the type of project you will be working on, your personal preference, and the knitting technique you use. Each material has its own unique qualities that can enhance your knitting experience. Experiment with different materials to find the one that feels comfortable and suits your knitting style. Take a look at the table below for a quick comparison of the characteristics of metal, wooden, and plastic knitting needles: |Metal Knitting Needles |Sleek design, durable, smooth glide, ideal for intricate patterns and quick knitting. |Cold to the touch, stitches may slip more easily. |Wooden Knitting Needles |Warm and comfortable feel, lightweight, textured surface for extra grip, suitable for beginners. |Possible breakage, especially in thinner sizes. |Plastic Knitting Needles |Lightweight, variety of colors, more affordable. |May lack durability, not suitable for heavier projects. Needle Sizes and Lengths Choosing the right needle size and length is essential for a successful knitting project. Needle sizes refer to the width or diameter of the needles and are measured in various systems, such as US sizes or millimeters. The choice of needle size depends on the project and the type of yarn being used. It's important to follow pattern recommendations or yarn label suggestions to achieve the desired gauge, which ensures that the finished project will have the correct dimensions and fit. When it comes to needle length, different projects require different lengths for optimal results. Short needles are suitable for small, flat projects like dishcloths or scarves. They provide better control and maneuverability when working with a smaller number of stitches. On the other hand, longer needles, such as circular needles, are ideal for larger projects or knitting in the round. They accommodate a larger number of stitches and allow for seamless knitting. For circular needles, the length of the cable is an important consideration. It should be shorter than the circumference of the project, ensuring that the stitches can comfortably fit on the needles without stretching the cable. This prevents unnecessary strain on the stitches and promotes a more enjoyable knitting experience. Needle Size Conversion Chart |Millimeter Size (mm) It's important to note that needle size conversions may vary slightly between different knitting needle brands, so it's always a good idea to check the manufacturer's recommendations when using needles from multiple sources. Knitting Needles: Pros and Cons of Different Materials When it comes to knitting needles, the material used plays a significant role in your knitting experience. Different materials have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it's important to consider these factors when selecting the right needles for your projects. Plastic Knitting Needles Plastic knitting needles are a popular choice for many knitters. They are lightweight and affordable, making them a great option for beginners or those on a budget. However, plastic needles may not have the same durability as their metal or wooden counterparts. They can be prone to bending or breaking, especially if you're working with thicker or heavier yarns. If you're looking for an inexpensive option for your knitting projects, plastic needles can be a good choice. Metal Knitting Needles Metal knitting needles, such as those made of aluminum or nickel, offer a smooth glide that many knitters enjoy. They are great for quick knitting and can help you maintain a consistent tension. However, metal needles can be cold to the touch, which may not be ideal for those who prefer a warmer feel. Additionally, the slippery surface of metal needles can cause stitches to slip more easily, especially if you're using slick yarn. If you prioritize speed and smoothness in your knitting, metal needles are worth considering. Wooden Knitting Needles Wooden knitting needles, like those made of bamboo or birch, provide a warm and comfortable feel in your hands. They have a textured surface that offers extra grip, making them suitable for beginners or those with slippery yarn. Wooden needles are generally lightweight, which can reduce hand fatigue during long knitting sessions. However, wooden needles can be prone to breakage, especially in thinner sizes. It's important to handle them with care to avoid splintering or snapping. If you appreciate a cozy knitting experience and value the natural beauty of wood, these needles are a great choice. |- Less durable - Prone to bending or breaking |- Smooth glide - Ideal for quick knitting |- Cold to the touch - Stitches may slip more easily |- Warm and comfortable feel |- Prone to breakage - Requires careful handling When selecting knitting needles, consider the advantages and disadvantages of each material and choose the one that best suits your knitting style and preferences. Additionally, it's always beneficial to try out different materials to see which ones you enjoy working with the most. Happy knitting! Choosing the right knitting needles is crucial to ensure a successful and enjoyable knitting experience. With so many options available, it's essential to consider your project type, knitting style, and personal preferences. For beginners, bamboo knitting needles are a popular choice due to their affordability and ease of use. They provide a smooth surface that allows the yarn to glide easily, making them ideal for learning basic knitting techniques. Additionally, bamboo needles are lightweight and comfortable to hold, ensuring hours of comfortable knitting. If you're looking for versatility and convenience, circular knitting needles are a great option. They can be used for both flat and round knitting projects, eliminating the need for separate sets of straight and double-pointed needles. The flexible cable connecting the needle tips allows you to comfortably knit larger projects without straining your wrists. Circular knitting needles also provide stability and even tension, resulting in professional-looking stitches. For knitters who enjoy working on various projects without investing in multiple needle sets, interchangeable knitting needles are a fantastic choice. These sets offer a range of needle tips and cables that can be easily swapped to create different lengths and sizes of circular needles. This flexibility allows you to tackle a wide range of projects without compromising on quality. Ultimately, the best knitting needles for you will depend on your specific needs and preferences. It's always a good idea to experiment with different types and materials to find the perfect match for your knitting projects. Whether you opt for bamboo, circular, or interchangeable needles, the right choice will enhance your knitting journey and help you create beautiful, handcrafted pieces. Happy knitting! How do I choose the right knitting needles? When choosing knitting needles, consider factors such as your knitting experience level, personal preferences, and budget. Factors to consider include material (such as metal or bamboo), durability, and the type of project you are working on. What are the different types of knitting needles? The main types of knitting needles are straight needles, circular needles, double pointed needles, and interchangeable needles. Straight needles are used for flat knitting, circular needles are versatile for both flat and circular knitting, double pointed needles are used for small projects in the round, and interchangeable needles allow for different sizes and lengths. Can you recommend a good brand of knitting needles? Some popular knitting needle brands include Knit Picks, Addi, and Chiaogoo. Knit Picks offers a range of high-quality needle sets, while Addi and Chiaogoo are known for their interchangeable needle options. What are the benefits of bamboo knitting needles? Bamboo knitting needles are popular among beginners due to their affordability and ease of use. They are lightweight and have a smooth surface that allows the yarn to slide easily. What are the best needles for knitting in the round? For knitting in the round, circular needles or double pointed needles are commonly used. Circular needles offer versatility and can be used for both flat and circular knitting, while double pointed needles are perfect for small projects knit in the round, such as sock cuffs. What are interchangeable knitting needles? Interchangeable knitting needles are sets that consist of separate needle tips and interchangeable cables. They allow you to create different lengths and sizes of circular needles, offering versatility and convenience. What are the advantages and disadvantages of different needle materials? Metal knitting needles are sleek and durable, providing a smooth glide for quick knitting. Wooden knitting needles offer a warm and comfortable feel but can be prone to breakage. Plastic knitting needles are lightweight and affordable, but may lack durability. How do I choose the right needle size and length? Needle size depends on the project and yarn being used, and it's important to follow pattern recommendations or yarn label suggestions for the desired gauge. Length also plays a role, with shorter needles suitable for small, flat projects and longer needles, such as circular needles, ideal for larger projects or knitting in the round. What are the pros and cons of different knitting needle materials? Metal knitting needles offer a smooth glide but can be cold and slippery. Wooden knitting needles have a warm and comfortable feel but can be prone to breakage. Plastic knitting needles are lightweight and affordable but may lack durability. How can I find the best knitting needles for my projects? The best knitting needles for you will depend on your specific needs and preferences. Experiment with different types, materials, and brands to find the perfect match for your knitting projects.
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Grandma’s cooking was always a special treat. Her classic Southern recipes were full of flavor and love. From fried chicken to cornbread, these 35 classic Southern foods are sure to bring back fond memories of Grandma’s kitchen. Whether you’re looking for a comforting meal or a sweet treat, these recipes are sure to satisfy. From creamy macaroni and cheese to sweet peach cobbler, these classic Southern recipes are sure to become family favorites. So grab your apron and get ready to cook up some delicious Southern dishes! 35 Classic Southern Foods Grandma Used to Make Grandma’s cooking was always a special treat, and these classic Southern foods are no exception. From fried chicken to cornbread, these recipes are sure to bring back fond memories of Grandma’s kitchen. So grab your apron and get ready to recreate some of Grandma’s favorite dishes. 1. Fried Chicken Fried chicken is a classic Southern staple. Grandma’s recipe was always a hit, and it’s sure to be a hit with your family too. Serve it up with mashed potatoes and gravy for a truly Southern meal. Cornbread is a must-have side dish for any Southern meal. Grandma’s recipe was always moist and flavorful, and it’s sure to be a hit with your family too. Serve it up with butter and honey for a truly delicious treat. 3. Biscuits and Gravy Biscuits and gravy are a classic Southern breakfast. Grandma’s recipe was always a hit, and it’s sure to be a hit with your family too. Serve it up with scrambled eggs and bacon for a truly Southern breakfast. Grits are a classic Southern side dish. Grandma’s recipe was always creamy and flavorful, and it’s sure to be a hit with your family too. Serve it up with butter and cheese for a truly delicious treat. 5. Collard Greens Collard greens are a classic Southern vegetable. Grandma’s recipe was always flavorful and nutritious, and it’s sure to be a hit with your family too. Serve it up with bacon and onions for a truly Southern dish. 6. Fried Okra Fried okra is a classic Southern side dish. Grandma’s recipe was always crispy and flavorful, and it’s sure to be a hit with your family too. Serve it up with ranch dressing for a truly delicious treat. 7. Hoppin’ John Hoppin’ John is a classic Southern dish. Grandma’s recipe was always flavorful and filling, and it’s sure to be a hit with your family too. Serve it up with cornbread for a truly Southern meal. 8. Sweet Potato Pie Sweet potato pie is a classic Southern dessert. Grandma’s recipe was always sweet and flavorful, and it’s sure to be a hit with your family too. Serve it up with a dollop of whipped cream for a truly delicious treat. 9. Fried Green Tomatoes Fried green tomatoes are a classic Southern side dish. Grandma’s recipe was always crispy and flavorful, and it’s sure to be a hit with your family too. Serve it up with ranch dressing for a truly delicious treat. 10. Pecan Pie Pecan pie is a classic Southern dessert. Grandma’s recipe was always sweet and nutty, and it’s sure to be a hit with your family too. Serve it up with a dollop of whipped cream for a truly delicious treat. It is no secret that Southern meals is a few of the most comforting homestyle cuisines in the USA. And typically nothing else will suffice besides making recipes the old school method. That features meals with slowly developed flavors that seep their scrumptious cooking smells by means of the home, making ready inconceivable (multiple Southern youngster has burned their mouth on a just-cooked piece of fried rooster). We now have you lined from appetizers to desserts with these traditional Southern meals you would discover in a Southern grandma’s recipe assortment any day, plus the artistic recipe concepts for recreating them at dwelling. Whether or not you grew up within the South having fun with home-cooked variations of those meals otherwise you’ve simply tried them at a restaurant, your mouth shall be watering if you’re performed studying this listing. Southerners know the best way to do meals proper—particularly when there’s an previous household recipe concerned. And for extra, do not miss these 15 Basic American Desserts That Deserve a Comeback. The roots of “stuffed eggs” could be traced again to historic Rome. However the time period “satan” was launched to explain spicy or extremely seasoned meals in nice Britain within the 1700s. Southern cooks, in the meantime, have their model of deviled eggs. For a traditional Southern deviled eggs recipe, boil the eggs, slice them, and put the yolks in a bowl. Subsequent, mash the yolks with mayonnaise, mustard, and candy pickle relish, plus a little bit salt and pepper. Lastly, spoon the candy and tangy yellow combination into the egg and dirt with a little bit of paprika. And if you’d like an genuine tackle the Southern dish, Duke’s is the mayonnaise of alternative within the South. It is sugar-free and better in egg yolks than most mayo, and loads of Southerners will swear by the model. Its do-it-yourself style leads to a creamier concoction. Get our recipe for Deviled Eggs With Bacon. RELATED: Join our publication to get every day recipes and meals information in your inbox! Southern grandmothers usually had a bread bowl the place they stored flour prepared to combine biscuits for the dinner meal. They perfected the artwork of biscuit-making as a simple solution to refill hungry bellies at their desk, and you are able to do the identical right this moment with a easy biscuit recipe. Again in your grandma’s day, cooks would knead of their fats of alternative—butter, shortening, or lard—and add buttermilk or milk to tug it collectively. One of the best biscuits are candy and tender on the within and brown and crispy on the skin. The key is to softly combine the dough, folding it over, and creating layers. These treats have been usually served with cane syrup or do-it-yourself preserves. Get our recipe for Southern-Model Biscuits. There could also be nothing extra iconic to the Southern meals canon than fried rooster. The meat, dredged in thick flour and fried to a golden crisp, is a salty and satisfying meal. A Southern grandma would most likely have cooked this in a cast-iron frying pan, the seasoned cookware so beneficial that it was willed to the subsequent era’s greatest prepare dinner. One thing in regards to the pans provides the rooster a crispier pores and skin whereas sustaining the tender juiciness of the meat, permitting Southerners to excellent the recipe. The nation’s most well-known fried rooster restaurant, KFC, was based in 1930 to feed hungry vacationers at Harland Sanders’ roadside gasoline station. Sanders developed a recipe utilizing a stress cooker, very similar to the expertise of an Immediate Pot. That recipe hasn’t modified a lot through the years. (By the way in which, in case you’re questioning, he was a Colonel, though it was an honorary title.) Get our recipe for Crispy Oven-Fried Hen. Whereas peaches are grown throughout the USA, there’s something very particular in regards to the variations harvested in Georgia. Generally known as “The Peach State,” connoisseurs swear by the standard of fruit grown within the state. Consuming a Georgia peach is a multi-sensory expertise of sight, odor, and style that usually leads to sticky, candy peach juice working down your arm. And the cobbler created from a recent Georgia peach is scrumptious, particularly with vanilla ice cream. And if you wish to strive an genuine model of the dessert, head to the Georgia Peach Competition. Yearly, festival-goers make the world’s largest peach cobbler and provides it away without cost to the occasion’s visitors. Cannot make it to the South? This blueberry peach cobbler recipe tastes simply as scrumptious wherever you might be. Get our recipe for Blueberry-Peach Cobbler. When you’re not from the South, I wager you’ve got puzzled what grits are. Just like polenta, grits are made by grinding white corn referred to as hominy. Earlier than the kernels are floor, the hulls are eliminated, leading to a nice consistency. Grits grew to become essential in Southern dishes as a result of farms within the space usually grew corn. Normally served with breakfast and paired with eggs, grits are used for dinner too, usually made with greens or topped with sautéed shrimp. Southern cooks have tons of strategies to make their grits. The easiest way to pattern their distinctive taste is boiled with cream, butter, and salt added to style. Get our recipe for Southern-Model Shrimp and Grits. Banana pudding is a staple at potluck dinners, consolation meals at funerals, and a candy ending for summer time suppers. Southerners have loved scoops of the cool custard topped with whipped meringue and studded with bananas and Nilla wafers for years, and it isn’t going away anytime quickly. The recipe is nice eaten the day it is made, however it’s even higher when the cookies have had an opportunity to soak up a few of the candy moisture of the pudding. They flip right into a cake-like consistency that makes you hunt for extra treasure on the finish of your spoon. Nabisco printed its well-known model of the banana pudding recipe on its containers within the Nineteen Forties, and it is remained there ever since. Get our recipe for Southern-Model Banana Pudding. Whereas nobody down South can declare that meat pot pies obtained their begin within the space, there’s hardly a household who does not sit right down to this dish usually. Possibly it appears so Southern due to the extent of consolation it supplies: pastry, broth, rooster, and greens multi functional sitting. Regardless of the purpose, rooster pot pie is a staple within the South and exhibits no indicators of changing into much less fashionable anytime quickly. Liked by each children and grown-ups, it is a kind of meals that pleases everybody on the desk. Get our recipe for Hen Pot Pie. Many reminiscences of Southern grandmas contain them rolling out the dumpling dough proper on the counter, flouring the floor to forestall it from sticking. They lower the dough into strips and added it to a slow-cooked, flavorful rooster broth that had been simmering for hours. The boiled dumplings, mixed with the tender rooster and greens, made many a satisfying Sunday meal, feeding a big household with one pot and fewer expense. Get our recipe for Hen and Dumplings. A funny-looking fish inhabits the creeks and rivers of the decrease South, and it has whiskers. They’re a enjoyable fish to catch, merely caught by many Southern youngsters with a cane pole loaded with a bit of a sizzling canine. Fishermen, in the meantime, need to watch out of the saltwater model—its poison-loaded barbs will trigger a fast journey to the hospital. The freshwater fish, like this 89-pound fish caught by an angler in South Carolina, is scrumptious fried in a batter of cornmeal, served historically with hush puppies, fried potatoes, and coleslaw. Get our recipe for a Blackened Fish Sandwich. Some bakers within the South swear by the addition of Coca-Cola to cake to punch up the sweetness and add airiness to the feel with the carbonation. The Coca-Cola sheet cake is smothered with marshmallows and icing straight out of the oven, including to the gooey dessert. Cracker Barrel adopted the recipe in 1997 when the corporate was searching for a method to make use of Coca-Cola of their menu, calling it “Double Chocolate Fudge Coca-Cola Cake.” It was so beloved by diners that it has now grow to be their signature dessert. Get our recipe for Conventional Coca-Cola Cake. We now have a love affair with peanuts within the South. Nobody is bound when precisely this love was mixed with our obsession with Coke, however the mixture of the 2 did grow to be a satisfying candy and salty snack that many Southerners bear in mind from their childhood. There may not be a recipe for this goodness in your Southern grandmother’s assortment, however she certainly helped you get pleasure from it to curb starvation whereas she cooked. Here is what we thought after we tried peanuts and Coke. A favourite for meals lovers within the South, the candy potato pie is a candy and satisfying substitute for pumpkin pie. And it graces many tables on Thanksgiving. The dessert’s roots come from Africa, the place yams have been a beloved, acquainted style. Within the South, cooks substituted the candy potato, which was available within the space, and turned it right into a dessert. Undecided the place to start out? Patti LaBelle shared her household’s candy potato pie recipe, which has the strategy of including brown sugar earlier than the candy potato, making a candy layer of syrup close to the crust. Her packaged model was so fashionable, it bought out in shops final yr. Scrumptious! Associated to cabbage and kale, collard greens are wealthy in beta carotene and are stuffed with antioxidants and phytochemicals to forestall illness. However the powerful, fibrous leaves require an extended cooking time, and this usually reduces the dietary worth of the plant. Southerners had an answer. It was widespread to make use of the “pot liquor,” the nutrient-rich olive-colored water that was used to prepare dinner the greens, for a soup base, and even simply eaten soaked up by a bit of cornbread. Greens have been often cooked with some ham for taste, making the ensuing pot liquor salty and scrumptious. Go forward and thank the oldsters right here at Eat This, Not That! proper now. Whereas recipes for creamed corn have every kind of strategies to chop corn kernels from the cob, there’s a device. One of the best-creamed corn comes from a corn creamer, an implement that matches over your saucepan, shredding the corn and all its pure juices into the pot. A easy back-and-forth movement cleans the husk of any edible goodness. After that, merely including butter and cream or half and half, together with a pinch of salt, and cooking for just a bit bit creates essentially the most scrumptious facet dish within the South. An important factor is to make use of recent corn, particularly Silver Queen candy corn if you will get it. Logically, this needed to be the subsequent dish on the listing. Fried okra makes a scrumptious accompaniment to creamed corn. Throw in a little bit rooster, and you’ve got a glorified meals coma, second solely to Thanksgiving. Okra is firmly rooted in Southern delicacies, however it’s eaten everywhere in the world, in nearly each tradition. And in case you’re looking for the veggie, larger is not higher. The pods flip fibrous and difficult once they develop on the plant too lengthy. It is best to select and luxuriate in okra early. A fast sandwich for lunch or simple appetizer earlier than dinner, pimento cheese has been a handy and attractive answer for Southern cooks for the reason that early 1900s. The straightforward combination is manufactured from shredded cheddar cheese, mayonnaise, pimentos, and seasonings. There could be variations that contain mustard or garlic, however the easy recipe makes a scrumptious dip for celery or a improbable topping for a burger. Dolly Parton’s character Truvy labeling candy tea “the home wine of the South” in Metal Magnolias aptly describes the widespread love of this drink. Candy tea could be present in almost each Southern restaurant. And no meal is full with out its sugary accompaniment—the extra syrupy, the higher. Fortuitously, one of the best ways to make iced tea is not troublesome to copy at dwelling. Most Southerners boil water in a pot and let tea luggage steep for some time, making a fairly robust answer. It is then blended with pure sugar cane sugar (tons) or easy syrup and water. The drink is then poured over ice, however it’s greatest to chill it first to keep away from diluting the style. Candy tea could be an addicting beverage, counteracting the steamy warmth of the summer time. If you’re searching for candy tea that tastes genuine, it is fairly well-known that McDonald’s has perfected the mix. This dish is served each New Yr’s Day, mentioned to convey luck to whoever eats the flavorful combination of pork, black-eyed peas, and rice. Add a number of greens and “golden” cornbread to accompany it, and because the custom goes, your yr shall be full of cash! Cornbread could be traced again earlier than the settlers to Native American populations grinding maize into cornmeal to combine with water and salt. The crumbly fast bread was an prompt favourite within the South, with cooks including eggs and bacon fats and swapping water for buttermilk. The consequence, cooked in a cast-iron pan, was a bread crispy-fried on the skin with a young, moist golden yellow crumb on the within. There’s a lot dialogue about candy versus savory cornbread within the South, however the unique model was a bit tangier. Nation Captain is claimed to have originated on the coast of Georgia and, the place captains introduced spices and recipes from India into their ports. For this dish, stewed rooster is cooked with tomatoes, onions, inexperienced peppers, and currants and flavored with aromatic curry powder, leading to a flavorful meal usually served over steaming sizzling rice. Even Franklin D. Roosevelt loved the dish when he visited Heat Springs, Georgia, for polio remedy. Each Southern grandmother had a favourite recipe for pound cake, various solely within the quantities of sugar, butter, or bitter cream added to convey the most effective crust and condensed buttery middle. The wealthy cake could be served sliced with strawberries and whipped cream and even toasted within the oven with a smear of butter. The leftovers usually discover their method right into a trifle, a candy foil to lemon curd or chocolate custard. And why is it referred to as a pound cake? The most straightforward recipes name for a pound of flour, a pound of eggs, a pound of sugar, and—you guessed it—a pound of butter. A white sweet that appears very similar to a cloud, divinity is created from solely six components (principally sugar). Pop a bit in your mouth, and the candy instantly begins to soften, coating your tongue with its sugary goodness. The sweet could be difficult to make, although. A moist day may maintain it from setting, whereas dry climate helps it to treatment. Scrumptious with buttermilk biscuits, fig preserves have been usually discovered on a Southern sideboard. To make fig preserves, slice figs and prepare dinner them with sugar, lemon slices, or ginger to make a thick, candy relish. The jam, bottled in mason jars sealed with thick lids, made an amazing vacation present, or a housewarming present for brand new neighbors. And making the preserves allowed everybody to get pleasure from figs year-round, slightly than simply throughout their quick season within the South. Brunswick County, Virginia, and Brunswick, Georgia, each declare the origins of this dish. The Virginia Common Meeting proclaimed the state the “birthplace” of Brunswick Stew, whereas the Georgia Home of Representatives made the identical assertion on their state’s behalf. No matter the place you fall on this argument, Brunswick Stew is a wealthy amalgamation of greens harking back to barbecue, however sweeter. The soup is full of butter beans, corn, tomatoes, potatoes, and meat. In Virginia, it is historically made with rooster, whereas Georgia provides beef. There are as many recipes for potato salad as there are for barbecue and simply as many arguments about which one is the most effective. Scorching, chilly, with mayo or mustard, celery, onion, bell pepper, or pickles, it appears nobody can agree. The best way to make the most effective potato salad is, in fact, your grandmother’s recipe. As a result of each Southern household served their model, grandma’s recipe is the most effective. Nevertheless, it’s best to all the time use Duke’s mayonnaise. When this Southern snack is launched, some individuals simply cannot consider it. Why would you’re taking a wonderfully good peanut and do something however roast it? However boiled peanuts are one thing to be skilled. And a great peanut stand may have the correct selection, with plump crimson or inexperienced peanuts savory from their immersion within the salty bathtub. They need to be cooked to the place they’ve the proper texture: not mushy, but additionally not uncooked. And it is best to get pleasure from boiled peanuts exterior, the place the juice and the shells can find yourself on the bottom. Butter, Karo syrup, eggs, and pecans. The sugary gooey goodness is sufficient to make your tooth damage, however you retain coming again for extra. Do not feel any disgrace: Pecan pie is an addictive addition to the vacations. The nuts are usually harvested down South from September to November, which instances the harvest for Thanksgiving celebrations. The nutritious nut has sparked one more Southern argument about its pronunciation. Anybody down South will let you know that the way in which you say it’s “PEE-can.” The filling of this dessert is a gratifying combination of eggs, cream, and vanilla, with notes of nutmeg. Just like buttermilk pie, this custard is made with what Southern grandmothers would name “candy milk,” or complete milk for the remainder of us. A great recipe is clean however not too eggy. My grandmother would go to Morrison’s Cafeteria and stand in line impatiently to get to the items that flew off the buffet. Basic Southern meals have all the time mirrored thrift, utilizing components that have been out there domestically and creating methods to scale back waste. Giblet gravy is a method to make use of the opposite elements of the rooster, those you discover contained in the cavity. (After all, in a Southern grandmother’s day, the rooster may not have arrived pre-frozen.) Giblet gravy makes use of the neck, gizzards, and hearts which might be packaged inside modern-day grocery retailer birds. Cooks boil them slowly in rooster broth and craft them right into a wealthy gravy particularly suited to turkey or different dry white meats. Pass over the liver, although. Its taste is a bit overwhelming to make use of. Let me begin this by saying: All kinds of Southern barbecue are all scrumptious. Now that we have gotten previous that, there are as many sorts of Southern barbecue than you’ve got fingers and toes. And folks get upset in case you say theirs is not the most effective. Whether or not you want your pit-cooked meat (pork or beef) lined with a mustard-based, vinegar, white, candy, or tomato sauce, sluggish cooking with smoke creates probably the most traditional Southern meals. The roots of this dessert aren’t precisely Southern. Nevertheless it has grow to be so iconic that you just seldom see a group of recipes or a church buffet with out it added. The traditional recipe comes from the Waldorf-Astoria lodge in New York Metropolis, its clean, cocoa-flavored batter topped with a difficult fluffy boiled icing. Southern cooks additionally like to substitute a cream cheese icing, leading to a cake that is not too candy however nonetheless pleasing. To start with, beets have been used for the rosy hue, with meals dye making it even brighter within the Nineteen Forties. It’s possible you’ll be confused in regards to the distinction between “country-fried steak” and “chicken-fried steak.” The nation model is frivolously dusted with flour and served with brown onion gravy, whereas rooster fried steak is closely battered and lined with cream gravy. Identical to all issues Southern, the dish is wealthy and hearty. It is usually served over mashed potatoes, with a facet of greens. As for its origin, Texas holds the declare to the unique rooster fried steak recipe. Based on legend, a short-order prepare dinner named Jimmy Don Perkins unintentionally mixed two orders, one for rooster and one for fried steak, into the recipe we get pleasure from right this moment. Earlier than refrigeration was extensively out there, Southerners discovered to protect their meat in a crust of salt, stopping the method of decay. Additionally they used smokehouses to hold meat, slowly cooking it with a smoky fireplace to create hams that will final for months. Nation ham is often salty and scrumptious, extra like bacon than common bland processed ham. Southern grandmothers most definitely coated the ham with a glaze of brown sugar and pecans, making a salty and candy mixture. Generally plain greens could be, effectively, plain. However Southern grandmothers beloved to jazz up their produce, and squash casserole isn’t any exception. Tender cooked disks of squash with butter, onion, cream, and cheddar cheese make a tasty casserole. And the dusting of buttery Ritz Crackers on the highest makes it decadent. The dish works effectively with any forms of squash proper out of the backyard or the farmer’s market. Southerner grandmothers know the best way to make a meal out of rice, particularly once they added celery, bell pepper, onion, and shrimp sautéed in bacon fats. This recipe was refined within the coastal Southern areas of Savannah and Charleston, the place the components have been plentiful. Newer variations embody pork, sausage, beef, or different greens. Even when you do not have Southern kinfolk at dwelling, you may get pleasure from these traditional Southern meals at loads of eating places right this moment. Or, higher but, select your favorites and study to organize them your self. There’s nothing higher than a home-cooked meal, particularly a Southern one. For extra, take a look at these 108 hottest sodas ranked by how poisonous they’re.
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It doesn’t stop there, as WordAI is also equipped with a native API tool designed to let you allow you to integrate the platform with many more third-party apps and services. It is possible to use it if your knowledge of coding is sufficient. Overall, these two features are a powerful way to automate processes, improve productivity, and even reduce manual labor costs significantly. Other important features - WordAI Affiliate Program – This program allows you to promote WordAI products and services to your friends and family, while also earning a lifetime commission rate of 20% for each person who subscribes to the platform and pays. - The WordAI Help Center and Customer Service – These offer users support for all things WordAI, including a walkthrough of the tools to technical assistance. If you have any questions or issues, the customer service team will be happy to assist you. - Multi-Language Support- WordAI can not only support English but also spin articles in French, Italian and Spanish. A step-by-step guide to using WordAI WordAI is easy to use, and I can prove to you how accurate it is by showing you this step-by-step tutorial on accessing its content-spinning features. Here’s how you can use WordAI exactly as it is. Help Work Gp Step 1: Sign up and create an account. To sign up for a WordAI account, you’ll need to go to its website and click any of the green “Start your Free Trial” buttons that show up there. You’ll have to fill in basic details such as your name, email, password, and credit card details that you will use to pay for its services once the free trial is up. WordAI is not free. I will remind you of this fact later in this article. Once you’ve successfully signed into your account, you can have an all-access pass to its dashboard and interface. Step 2: Copy and Paste Your Original Article From the dashboard menu on the left, click on the “Rewrite Article” link seated between the WordAI logo and the “Saved Articles” link. You’ll see two boxes immediately: one where your original article will go, and another where the new one will be generated. Copy or paste your original content in the box to the left. At this point, you’ll need to make some necessary adjustments before you click the big “Rewrite” button. Step 3: Create and adjust spinned versions of your original article Once you have copied your original text and are ready to spin it, you can adjust the quality settings in the text box. You can set it to more conservative, regular, or more adventurous to determine your new text. WordAI can also produce as many rewrites as you wish. Click on the number you wish to have. Again, this can range from one to 1,000. After you are happy with the settings, click on “Rewrite” to generate new versions in a matter of seconds. Step 4: If the Spun Articles are Good to Go, Just Copy, Save, or Export Them Once you’ve finished spinning your existing article, you’ll have one or multiple versions of unique and readable content without straying further from the source material. If you take a close look at the right side of the editor, you’ll spot a Uniqueness Score of the rewrite on top of the box, as well as buttons for each generated version underneath. And, besides those numbered boxes, you’ll also find the ‘two parentheses’ button that represents the full spintax with all the multiple versions of the same article rolled into one. You can choose to edit the entire spintax or just the spun versions. It doesn’t matter if you are happy with the amazing results. Once you have a clear idea of how the final article should look, you can either copy the text from the right box and paste it into your favorite document editing software or save it in WordAI so you can later use it. Or export multiple versions. Help Work Gp WordAI Pricing: How Much Does This Spin Rewriter Cost? WordAI appears to have a wide range of dynamic features, based on what we’ve seen so far. WordAI is far more powerful than any other article rewriter software available online. As a result, its set of article-spinning tools translates well with its price range. Here’s WordAI pricing: - Monthly Plan – For $57/month you can get access to all functions and tools. - Yearly Plan – At $27/month, you get yearly access to all of its functions and tools. You also get to save $30 off the price of the monthly plan. - Enterprise Plan – This plan is for establishments and businesses with larger budgets. It offers access to additional features such as increased volume usage, multiple accounts and improved quality settings, in addition to all the base platform features. WordAI currently does not offer a one-time payment option, so you may need to pay monthly or yearly to fully access the software. You won’t get a free plan if you sign-up. However, you will be given a 3-day trial to allow you to explore the interface and determine if it is right for you. WordAI Pros & Cons WordAI is capable of creating unique content and easily readable articles in just seconds. While it has plenty of advantages over other similar article spinners, it also doesn’t shy away regarding its downsides. Here are the following pros and cons to consider if you plan to use the platform for business and content needs. WordAI Review Pros - It is easy to use and intuitive – The new simplified tools make it a great choice for those who are looking for an easy way to paraphrase and create content. - Option for bulk rewriting – You can create not one but multiple spun versions from the source article simultaneously. Help Work Gp - Multiple-language support – Aside from English, WordAI now supports French, Spanish, and Italian languages. - Get a 3-day free trial. This will allow you to explore all its features for a short time. - HTML and other customization options – This eliminates the need to go back and forth between word editors such as MS Word and Google Docs. WordAI Review Cons - You will not have lifetime access to the tools. This software does not come with a lifetime license. Therefore, you will need to pay each month or every year for all its features. - There is no desktop or mobile option for the WordAI service – It is currently only available on web browsers like Google Chrome. - Very limited period for a free trial – the platform’s trial period is very short compared to other services in the article spinner category. - Version 4 of WordAI has become more simplified – While the latest update allows you to rewrite content at light speed, the previous version had users choose from various spin options. Alternatives to WordAI WordAI has many powerful tools at your disposal. However, WordAI does not offer the ability to rewrite original content. There are other platforms that you should consider. Many software out there aims to deliver the same promise, but since they’re mostly different from one another, they have certain features and tools that may fit your needs more. With that being said, let’s check out some of the following most popular WordAI alternatives at the moment! 1) Spin Rewriter Like WordAI, Spin Rewriter is another popular software program used for spinning content to make it look slightly different from the original. It has a simpler, more intuitive user interface and includes a similar range of features to the latter, like the ability to save and bulk rewriting. Help Work Gp However, what makes this platform shine best is its one-time pricing option ($497), meaning you won’t have to pay monthly or yearly just to access its functions. Its free trial is much longer at 5 days, so you technically have a full work week to test its waters and determine if it’s the right fit for you. Spin Rewriter is a great tool for saving articles, but it could use some improvement. It’s also been criticized for its clunky spintax results. This powerful software can rewrite any type of text into hundreds of unique versions, providing you with the best results possible. It actually has three times the features of WordAI. Many businesses and content creators have praised it as the best and most cost-effective spin software they’ve ever seen. SpinnerChief offers a free, robust version of the software. This desktop application is separate from the web version. It supports more than 20 languages including English and provides endless manual and automatic spinning options. Considering the many features SpinnerChief has, it may intimidate some folks who want to rewrite their articles into unique pieces of content. And it’s the most technical software, too, so absolute beginners will more likely have a hard time navigating through its interface. 3) Chimp Rewriter Chimp Rewriter, another AI-powered assistant for writing, allows you to quickly rewrite existing content. Its pricing range is much cheaper than WordAI and Spin Rewriter at $15/month. Plus, it offers a free plan option that doesn’t require you to add in credit card details, making this platform lean more towards the cost-effective side. It offers a wide range of article-spinning capabilities that allow creators and businesses to use it for different purposes. Among the rest, it does so well regarding manual rewriting. This unique asset has a price: users must be able to use automatic rewriting abilities similar to WordAI. Help Work Gp Although some people may enjoy the manual work, others might find it annoying. AI rewriters, however, are meant to make content writing easier for you. WordAI Review Summary: Should You Try It? WordAI is an automated writing tool that creates unique content for your blog or website. Although I think I have covered all the important aspects of this software, if you asked me whether this software is right for you and your content needs, I would answer yes. If it is superior to other similar platforms? That’s open to debate. WordAI has received a lot positive reviews from users. It’s worth looking into if you’re looking for an easy method to create content. The AI tool’s signature spintax technology allows you to quickly create high-quality content. It can be used for both SEO purposes and creating interesting blog posts, making it not just a robust choice but a diverse one. The user interface is also simple and intuitive, making it easy for anyone to use. Despite a few issues with the pricing model, it is quite competitive when compared with other similar tools on the market today. With all these in mind, WordAI may be an excellent choice if you need help generating high-quality content on time. FAQ Help Work Gp Does WordAI offer a free plan? WordAI does not currently have a free plan, despite its many powerful features. But if you want to see it for yourself, you can sign up right now to create an account and access its three-day free trial. Does WordAI provide me with a money-back guarantee policy? It is! WordAI offers a 30-day money-back guarantee on all pricing plans. If you revise less than 10 articles with WordAI and think it may not suit you, you can always ask its customer support team for a refund, and they’ll give you your money back. No questions asked! Is WordAI the same as QuillBot and Grammarly? WordAI might look similar to Grammarly and QuillBot, but they are different in terms of features and functions, and serve different purposes. WordAI is an artificial language processing tool that uses artificial Intelligence to paraphrase and rewrite full articles. Meanwhile, QuillBot is a simpler version of WordAI that uses artificial intelligence to rewrite short paragraphs and sentences. Grammarly is primarily a grammar and spelling checker that helps users improve their writing.
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Activated Carbon Filters: Enhancing Air Filtration Technologies Activated carbon filters have revolutionized the field of air filtration technologies, providing an effective solution to remove various pollutants and contaminants from indoor environments. These innovative filters utilize a highly porous form of carbon that is treated with special chemicals or heated at high temperatures to activate its absorbent properties. One example highlighting the effectiveness of activated carbon filters in enhancing air quality can be seen in the case study conducted by Smith et al. (2018). In this study, researchers investigated the impact of using activated carbon filters on reducing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from building materials in a newly constructed office building. The utilization of activated carbon filters has become increasingly prevalent due to their ability to efficiently capture a wide range of harmful substances present in indoor air. VOCs are one such category of pollutants commonly found indoors, originating from sources like paints, solvents, cleaning products, and furniture materials. The aforementioned case study demonstrated that after installing activated carbon filters in the ventilation system of the office building, there was a significant reduction in VOC levels compared to buildings without such filtration technology. This exemplifies how activated carbon filters effectively enhance air purification systems by mitigating health risks associated with exposure to VOCs and other airborne toxins. In light of these findings, it becomes evident that incorporating … incorporating activated carbon filters into air filtration systems can greatly improve indoor air quality by effectively removing volatile organic compounds and other harmful substances. This not only promotes a healthier and safer environment for occupants but also helps in reducing the risk of respiratory issues, allergies, and other health problems associated with poor air quality. Additionally, the use of activated carbon filters can contribute to creating a more comfortable and pleasant indoor space by eliminating unpleasant odors and reducing the presence of airborne pollutants that can cause irritation or discomfort. Overall, the incorporation of activated carbon filters is a crucial step towards achieving cleaner and healthier indoor environments. Activated Carbon Filters: What Are They? Imagine living in a densely populated city with high levels of air pollution. Every breath you take exposes your respiratory system to harmful pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chemicals, and odors. However, there is a solution that can help mitigate these risks: activated carbon filters. These innovative filtration technologies have gained significant attention due to their ability to effectively remove a wide range of contaminants from the air we breathe. Definition and Functionality Activated carbon filters are designed to trap and neutralize airborne pollutants through a process known as adsorption. Unlike ordinary filters, which rely on physical mechanisms like sieving or electrostatic attraction, activated carbon filters utilize the unique properties of activated carbon to capture pollutants at a molecular level. The activated carbon material is derived from various sources such as coconut shells, wood, or coal, and undergoes an activation process that increases its surface area and creates numerous tiny pores for pollutant trapping. Advantages of Activated Carbon Filters The utilization of activated carbon filters offers several notable advantages over conventional filtration systems: - Enhanced odor removal: Activated carbon’s porous structure enables it to efficiently absorb and eliminate unpleasant odors originating from cooking fumes, tobacco smoke, pet dander, or industrial emissions. - Chemical compound elimination: These filters excel at capturing harmful VOCs emitted by cleaning products, paints, solvents, and other household items that may contribute to indoor air pollution. - Allergen reduction: By attracting airborne particles such as pollen grains and dust mites onto their surfaces, activated carbon filters aid in reducing allergens that can trigger allergic reactions or worsen asthma symptoms. - Long-lasting performance: Due to their high absorption capacity combined with regular maintenance practices like filter replacement and cleaning, activated carbon filters can maintain their effectiveness for extended periods compared to traditional filters. Table: A Comparison between Activated Carbon Filters and Conventional Filters |Activated Carbon Filters |Odor Removal Capacity Activated carbon filters provide a powerful solution for improving indoor air quality by efficiently trapping and neutralizing various pollutants. Their unique adsorption mechanism, coupled with enhanced odor removal, chemical compound elimination, allergen reduction, and long-lasting performance make them an ideal choice for individuals seeking cleaner and healthier environments. In the subsequent section, we will explore the key differences between activated carbon filters and conventional filters to better understand their respective strengths in air filtration technologies. Activated Carbon Filters vs. Conventional Filters Activated carbon filters have gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to enhance air filtration technologies. These filters are widely used in various applications, ranging from domestic air purifiers to industrial systems. To better understand the effectiveness of activated carbon filters, let’s consider a hypothetical scenario. Imagine a household suffering from poor indoor air quality caused by pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), odors, and harmful gases emitted from cleaning products or cooking activities. The homeowners decide to invest in an air purifier equipped with an activated carbon filter. This filter works by adsorbing these contaminants onto its highly porous surface, effectively trapping them and preventing them from re-entering the room. The benefits of using activated carbon filters go beyond just removing unpleasant odors and visible pollutants. Here are four key advantages that make these filters stand out: - Enhanced removal of VOCs: Activated carbon has a large internal surface area that enables it to capture a wide range of volatile organic compounds present in the air. - Odor elimination: By adsorbing odor molecules onto its surface, activated carbon helps eliminate unwanted smells, creating a more pleasant environment. - Chemical gas absorption: Harmful gases like formaldehyde and ammonia can be effectively absorbed by activated carbon filters, promoting healthier indoor air quality. - Allergen reduction: While not specifically designed for allergens, some studies suggest that activated carbon filters may help reduce certain airborne allergens through their overall purification capabilities. To further illustrate the potential impact of using activated carbon filters, let’s take a look at the following table comparing the performance of conventional filters versus activated carbon filters: |Particle Filtration Efficiency As shown above, while conventional filters excel in particle filtration efficiency, they have limited adsorption capacity. On the other hand, activated carbon filters offer a moderate level of particle filtration but excel in their ability to adsorb various contaminants, making them more effective in improving indoor air quality. In summary, activated carbon filters play a crucial role in enhancing air filtration technologies by removing VOCs, eliminating odors, absorbing chemical gases, and potentially reducing allergens. The Mechanism Behind Activated Carbon Filters Activated Carbon Filters: Enhancing Air Filtration Technologies Activated carbon filters have emerged as a powerful tool in improving air quality by effectively removing harmful pollutants and odors from indoor environments. In this section, we will explore the mechanism behind activated carbon filters, highlighting their unique properties that make them superior to conventional filters. To better understand how activated carbon filters work, let’s consider an example scenario. Imagine a home located near a busy highway with high levels of air pollution. The occupants frequently experience respiratory issues and unpleasant smells seeping into their living spaces. By installing activated carbon filters in their HVAC system or using standalone air purifiers equipped with these filters, they can significantly enhance the air quality indoors. The effectiveness of activated carbon filters lies in their ability to adsorb various airborne contaminants. Unlike traditional mechanical filtration methods that only capture particles based on size, activated carbon works through a process called adsorption. This occurs when gases or chemical compounds adhere to the surface of the filter material due to attractive forces between the molecules. Here are some key features and benefits of activated carbon filters: - Adsorption capacity: Activated carbon has a large surface area covered with microscopic pores, allowing it to trap a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chemicals, and even certain bacteria and viruses. - Odor removal: The porous structure of activated carbon captures odor-causing molecules, eliminating unpleasant smells from cooking, tobacco smoke, pets, or mold. - Chemical filtration: Activated carbon is effective against common household pollutants such as formaldehyde, benzene, and ammonia gas. - Longevity: With proper maintenance and regular replacement intervals, activated carbon filters can remain efficient for extended periods before requiring replacement. Table 1 showcases the notable differences between conventional filters and activated carbon ones: |Activated Carbon Filters |Based on particle size |Adsorbs various gases and chemicals |Limited or no odor removal |Highly effective at eliminating odors |May not target specific chemicals |Effective against a wide range of pollutants In summary, activated carbon filters offer distinct advantages over conventional filtration methods. Their adsorption capacity, ability to eliminate odors, and effective chemical filtration make them an invaluable tool in enhancing indoor air quality. In the subsequent section, we will delve into the key benefits that these filters provide. Transitioning seamlessly into the next section about “Key Benefits of Activated Carbon Filters,” it is evident that these filters play a crucial role in improving air quality by providing targeted purification capabilities. Key Benefits of Activated Carbon Filters Activated carbon filters play a crucial role in enhancing air filtration technologies, offering unique capabilities that help improve indoor air quality. To illustrate their effectiveness, let us consider the case of an office building located in a busy urban area with high levels of air pollution. Despite having HVAC systems installed, occupants often complain about poor air quality and discomfort. One example of how activated carbon filters can address this issue is by effectively removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the air. VOCs are emitted from various sources such as cleaning products, paints, adhesives, and even furnishings. These compounds contribute to the development of respiratory issues and other health problems when present in high concentrations indoors. By incorporating activated carbon filters into the existing ventilation system, these harmful substances can be efficiently adsorbed, ensuring cleaner and healthier indoor air for building occupants. The benefits of using activated carbon filters extend beyond VOC removal. Here are some key advantages: - Odor elimination: Activated carbon has excellent odor-absorbing properties due to its large surface area and porous structure. It can effectively capture and neutralize unpleasant smells caused by cooking fumes, tobacco smoke, or pet odors. - Chemical filtration: Apart from VOCs, activated carbon filters also have the ability to trap various chemicals like formaldehyde and ozone, which may be present in indoor environments. This helps reduce exposure to potentially harmful substances. - Allergen reduction: Activated carbon filters can aid in reducing allergens like pollen, dust mites, and pet dander from circulating within enclosed spaces. This is particularly beneficial for individuals suffering from allergies or asthma. - Improved overall comfort: By eliminating pollutants and maintaining clean indoor air quality, activated carbon filters create a more comfortable living or working environment for occupants. To better understand the impact of activated carbon filters on improving indoor air quality across different settings, refer to the following table: |Improved Air Quality Incorporating activated carbon filters into air filtration systems is an effective strategy for improving indoor air quality. By removing VOCs, eliminating odors, reducing allergens, and enhancing overall comfort levels, these filters offer a comprehensive solution to address air pollution concerns in various settings. In the subsequent section, we will explore the wide range of applications where activated carbon filters can be employed to achieve optimal results. Applications of Activated Carbon Filters Enhancing Air Filtration Technologies with Activated Carbon Filters Activated carbon filters play a crucial role in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of air filtration technologies. By harnessing the unique properties of activated carbon, these filters can effectively remove various pollutants from the air, making them an essential component in many industries and applications. To understand the significance of their impact, let’s delve deeper into some key aspects. Consider a hypothetical scenario where a manufacturing facility is struggling to maintain clean indoor air quality due to high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during its production processes. Introducing activated carbon filters into the existing ventilation system could significantly alleviate this problem. The activated carbon absorbs and traps VOC molecules as they pass through the filter, resulting in cleaner air circulating throughout the facility. The benefits of using activated carbon filters are numerous: - Highly efficient adsorption: Activated carbon has a large surface area that enables it to adsorb a wide range of contaminants efficiently. This property allows for effective removal of gases, odors, chemicals, and even microscopic particles. - Versatility: Activated carbon filters can be tailored to target specific pollutants by choosing different types or blends of activated carbon. This flexibility makes them suitable for diverse applications such as industrial settings, commercial buildings, hospitals, and homes. - Long lifespan: When properly maintained, activated carbon filters have a longer lifespan compared to other filter media commonly used in air purification systems. This longevity translates into cost savings over time. - Environmental friendliness: Activated carbon is derived from renewable resources like coconut shells or wood-based materials, making it an eco-friendly choice for air filtration. |Improved Indoor Air Quality |Removing harmful substances from indoor environments promotes healthier living conditions |Activated carbon filters eliminate unpleasant smells caused by chemicals or biological sources |Protecting individuals from hazardous chemicals and reducing the risk of exposure |Trapping allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander contributes to allergy prevention In summary, activated carbon filters provide an effective solution for enhancing air filtration technologies. Their unique properties enable efficient adsorption of various contaminants, making them versatile and suitable for diverse applications. Furthermore, these filters offer a long lifespan and are environmentally friendly. In the following section, we will explore tips for maintaining activated carbon filters to ensure their optimal performance. Moving forward, let’s now shift our focus towards understanding the essential maintenance practices required to prolong the effectiveness of activated carbon filters in air purification systems. Tips for Maintaining Activated Carbon Filters Activated carbon filters have a wide range of applications, making them versatile and valuable tools in enhancing air filtration technologies. One notable example is their use in indoor environments to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be emitted from various household products such as cleaning agents, paints, and building materials. For instance, consider a scenario where an individual recently renovated their home using new furniture and paint. As they start spending more time indoors, they may begin experiencing symptoms like headaches or respiratory issues due to the release of harmful chemicals into the air. By incorporating activated carbon filters into their HVAC system or using standalone air purifiers equipped with these filters, they can effectively capture and eliminate VOCs, ensuring cleaner and safer indoor air quality. To further highlight the benefits of activated carbon filters, let’s examine some key advantages: - Efficient removal of odors: Activated carbon has a porous structure that allows it to adsorb odor-causing molecules present in the air. This makes it highly effective in eliminating unpleasant smells originating from cooking fumes, pet dander, smoke particles, or even musty odors caused by mold and mildew. - Reduction of harmful gases: Certain toxic gases like formaldehyde and ozone can pose health risks when present at elevated levels indoors. Activated carbon filters have been found to efficiently trap these hazardous gases, creating healthier living spaces for individuals susceptible to respiratory conditions. - Improved allergy relief: Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander often trigger allergic reactions among sensitive individuals. By incorporating activated carbon filters alongside HEPA filters in air purification systems, allergens can be captured more effectively, providing significant relief from allergy symptoms. - Enhanced overall air quality: The combined action of mechanical filtration (through HEPA filters) and chemical adsorption (via activated carbon) ensures comprehensive removal of pollutants like particulate matter (PM2.5), bacteria, viruses, and volatile organic compounds. This results in cleaner and fresher air that promotes overall well-being. To further illustrate the wide range of applications for activated carbon filters, consider the following table: |Example Use Case |Improved indoor air quality |Air purifiers for bedrooms |Enhanced workplace environment |Reduced transmission of airborne pathogens |Prevention of harmful emissions |Exhaust ventilation systems By utilizing activated carbon filters in these various settings, it is evident that they play a crucial role in improving air quality and fostering healthier living and working spaces. Incorporating them into existing filtration technologies allows for more comprehensive purification, ensuring better protection against pollutants and allergens.
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Risk is a concept linked to negative outcomes such as regret, loss and damage. In occupational health and safety (OHS) management, it is caused by the presence of hazards that may trigger harmful consequences such as personal injury or property/environmental damage. The probability of this occurring is the risk associated with it. OHS practitioners further clarify risk according to time horizons and severity (for example, imminent and serious risk) to prioritize control interventions. The concept of risk, however, remains broad and not differentiated into subclassifications. This has had a significant impact on OHS management. In particular, it has constrained the development of strategic approaches to risk control. This article presents a model of accident causation - the Entropy Model - that identifies two categories of risk: - Entropic risk - the risk associated with the degradation of business systems. - Residual risk - the inherent danger in all organizational activities. The model provides a balanced, comprehensive approach to hazard control. It also challenges contemporary perceptions of production and safety as incompatible business objectives by illustrating that as systems degrade, performance and safety are threatened. The model has significant implications for management practices, particularly in hazardous industries, laying the path open for the development of organizational cultures in which output and safety are pursued concurrently. It suggests that legal compliance and social responsibility are characteristic of sustainable business practice. Historically, accident causation models have underpinned the development of OHS management systems. A fundamental weakness of the early models is that they treat risk as a broad concept and fail to sufficiently explain the significance of unforeseen and residual risks. In addition, they do not clearly illustrate how risk is affected by business activity. As a result, a comprehensive, strategic direction for risk reduction has not emerged. The emphasis on worker behavior in these models also is problematic. It can lead to lack of consideration of underlying weaknesses in organizational systems that contribute to incidents. For example, a vehicle rollover may be attributed to human error when the root cause is fatigue caused by excessive hours of work. A very limited perspective of accident causation occurs when the focus of OHS is on human factors or behavioral safety alone. The implication is that if human error is eliminated, all accidents can be prevented. This does not take into consideration that the firm's efforts to manage hazards are countered by the natural degradation of systems. In addition, there is an inherent risk that cannot be totally controlled by the firm. If risk cannot be eradicated, how can all accidents be avoided? The presence of residual risk means that they cannot. Consequently, strategies need to be devised to manage inherent danger, and workers need to be vigilant because of it. The majority of accidents can be averted and injuries prevented, provided that the OHS management system addresses natural degradation and these residual threats. This is effectively a shift away from the broad singular concept of risk. The Entropy Model illustrates how these two risk categories are related to business activity. It provides an approach to risk management that managers can apply strategically and at the operational "coal face." The Entropy Model There are two types of risk present in organizations. There is residual risk that cannot be completely eliminated and entropic risk caused when systems degrade. Entropy is a measure of disorganization and is defined as "the degradation of a company's system factors." These system factors, shown by the Entropy Model included here, are: - Processes (work practices); - Technology (plant, equipment, tools and chemicals); - Physical environment (location and structural factors); and - Human resources (people). Every firm uses technology, people and the work site to generate a product or service. These factors interact when a process is undertaken. Click To Enlarge The model begins in section (1) by creating an organization in an ideal context: The firm consistently operates with perfect safety, production output and systems quality. All factors are fully and effectively utilized. The accident rate and level of risk is zero. In reality, however, firms operate as natural systems subject to universal laws that cause system factors to degrade with time. For example, technology suffers wear and tear, the physical environment becomes unstable or untidy, and infrastructure corrodes. Each time a process is carried out, deviations may occur that have the potential to introduce additional hazards. Workers also experience degradation in the form of fatigue, variable vigilance/concentration or loss of physical capacity. Entropy is shown in section (2) as the downward dashed lines for each system factor. Running counter to the firm's interventions, system factors have a tendency to deteriorate or shift to a state of chaos. As system factors degrade, the probability of an accident rises exponentially, shown by the red line. Concurrently, the firm's ability to produce output at the same rate is put at risk because the quality of system factors also affects productivity. For example, if people are ill or fatigued, they cannot work efficiently. If equipment is not maintained, it cannot generate optimum levels of output. The model shows that degradation has a negative impact on organizational safety and performance. The firm has a constant battle against entropy that pushes the level of risk upward. In addition, the company is exposed to residual risk that is fixed in the short term, as shown by the green block. Each system factor contributes to this inherent danger. For example, technologies have design limitations because of resource, economic and know-how constraints. Firms, and society as a whole, accept a level of residual risk that is not reducible in the short term due to the costs involved in making technologies safer. In addition, the physical environment is not 100 percent conducive to business activities. For instance, poor weather makes building on construction sites more hazardous. The work force also has a residual risk because human beings have cognitive and physical limitations that make them vulnerable to hazards. These inherent dangers require longer-term interventions such as the development and purchase of safer equipment, redesign of process methods, site modifications and investment in training. The firm's ability to minimize residual risk is constrained to the longer-term because of limited resources. Residual risk is fixed in the short term, whereas entropic risk is variable. System factors do not necessarily deteriorate at the same rate or at the same time. To illustrate, a new business venture, Company A, can be compared with an established operation, Company B. Company A has state-of-the-art infrastructure and technology. These have a reasonable lead time before they begin to show signs of decay. If the firm's processes were standardized previously at another site, its technology, infrastructure and processes have low levels of residual risk and low tendencies toward degradation in the short term. If, however, its work force is inexperienced, there is potential for suboptimal interaction between workers and other system factors. This can lead to deviations from standardized tasks, inefficient operation of technology and poor housekeeping. Company B, on the other hand, has older infrastructure and technology showing signs of wear and tear. The level of residual risk and the tendency toward entropic risk in these system factors is relatively higher than in Company A. If work practices have continually been reviewed and the firm has a skilled, stable work force, process-related entropy is likely to be low because employees know how to adhere to safe work procedures. The firms have different sets of variables that affect the nature of risk associated with their operations. Therefore, they must develop risk management strategies according to the characteristics and severity of their systemic weaknesses. In Company A, training is a high priority, while in Company B, maintenance of technology and the physical environment require additional resources. Referring back to the Entropy Model on page 90, in section (3), when the organization realizes that entropic risk is rising, it has to take corrective action. Next, future recurrences of this risk have to be prevented using a program of maintenance, shown in section (4). Maintenance strategies include job safety analysis to reduce the hazards in processes, proactive upkeep of technologies, sound workplace housekeeping practices, and training to enhance employee competencies and to reinforce the need for vigilance. Effective maintenance lifts the organization to a state of optimal safety, performance and system factor quality, as shown in section (5). The state is stable for a short time after maintenance. If maintenance is not ongoing, however, the effects of natural law cause the system to degrade again, as in section (6). The model indicates that proactive maintenance is an essential part of risk management. In section 5, entropic risk is eliminated, but residual risk remains. As explained earlier, all system factors contribute to the total level of inherent danger. For instance, the physical environment in underground mines has a high inherent risk attributable to rock instability and potential flooding. Technology has design limitations and hazardous operating characteristics; for example, a circular saw has exposed, sharp, moving components. Processes have varying degrees of residual risk depending on parameters such as complexity and the physical/mental demands placed on the worker. The more demanding the task (for instance, climbing a firefighter's ladder vs. climbing a stepladder), the more dangerous the process. Workers also introduce residual risks through their limited physical and analytical abilities. In the short term, this risk is difficult to reduce because of resource constraints and, therefore, has to be managed through employee awareness. In the longer term, firms can minimize their residual risk by using financial capital to improve the quality of system factors. The Entropy Model provides organizations with a strategic approach to managing risk in the short and longer term. The methodology, referred to as the Four-Fold Strategy, addresses entropic and residual risks using a multidisciplinary approach. It involves: 1. Taking immediate corrective action to eliminate entropic risk; 2. Establishing maintenance strategies to prevent future entropic risk; 3. Managing residual risk in the short term; and 4. Minimizing residual risk in the longer term. How does the Entropy Model lead to a multidisciplinary approach that is integrated into the total management system? The control and management of risks within each system factor requires the input of various specialist personnel. For example, mechanical engineers need to consider residual risks when selecting and purchasing technologies. They also have to develop maintenance plans to counter degradation in plant/equipment. Human resource managers devise recruitment and selection, training and reward systems that develop worker competencies and promote a safety culture, thereby reducing risks within the human resources system factor. Environmental specialists are involved in monitoring the physical site for residual risks such as the stability of a toxic waste tailings dam and prevention of entropy caused by such business processes. The implementation of the Four-Fold Strategy requires the OHS practitioner to play a central coordination and advisory role with the OHS department strategically situated at a senior management level in the organizational structure. To which contexts do the Entropy Model and Four-Fold Strategy apply? First, the model represents risk in relation to business systems and, therefore, can assist any organization to manage its risks more effectively. By identifying residual risk as a significant threat, it is particularly useful for industries such as mining, construction, chemical manufacturing and oil/gas, which have inherently dangerous processes, large-scale technologies or operate in hazardous environments. The model also can be applied to nonwork situations including public safety. For instance, in traffic management, it explains the need for effective control processes such as road rules and the importance of road and vehicle design/maintenance and driver training. Traffic management strategies also need to address sources of entropic risk such as driver fatigue and factors such as alcohol, which reduce driver alertness and competence. Compared to other models, the Entropy Model allows firms to take a more strategic approach to risk management. It does not simply suggest that the presence of one or more variables will lead to an accident or, conversely, that no such events mean that the system is safe. This is an important step forward in the measurement of safety. In practice, companies can be "lucky" and achieve satisfactory safety results, shown by a low lost-time injury frequency rate (LTIFR), when systems are degraded and residual risk high. The LTIFR is not a sufficient indicator of how well risk is being controlled or managed because it only measures the outcome. It does not assess underlying variables that contribute to accidents. The Entropy Model suggests that the quality of system factors also should be evaluated. This involves using audit results and other measures of systems quality, such as breakdown maintenance, as safety indicators. The benefits of using a multiple-measures approach is that it provides a better understanding of how effectively the firm is controlling risk and helps to identify areas for improvement. The model also promotes risk management as good business. Safety and performance are threatened when degradation rises and residual risk is left unchecked. This challenges the perception in production-centered cultures that output and safety are incompatible goals. For example, when the workplace is untidy, it becomes increasingly hazardous and hinders workers from performing efficiently. The model provides the rationale for the development of integrated management systems that pursue production and safety concurrently, which implies that business activities must be legally compliant and socially responsible to be sustainable. What are the characteristics of an OHS management system driven by the Entropy Model? First, the perspective of "unsafe acts" vs. "unsafe conditions" proposed by other models is replaced with a focus on systems quality. There is much less emphasis on human error as the cause of accidents. It acknowledges that employees do not want to be injured at work and that they rarely knowingly act in an unsafe manner of their own volition. Unsafe acts are usually symptoms of systemic problems such as insufficient skill-based training, work pressures or excessive demands from the task or environment. This emphasis on worker fallibility can hinder companies from exploring fully the underlying parameters that lead to incidents. Human error is not excluded from the model because the quality of human resources contributes to the level of risk. It may be found, for instance, that an accident is caused primarily by lack of workplace-specific skills (a residual risk) or by the worker operating equipment under the influence of medication (an entropic risk). The Entropy Model allows the behavioral aspects of safety to be clarified. Behavioral safety management should address the risks associated with human resources and the organizational culture that defines acceptable behavior. The primary objective of the culture is to develop employee competencies and vigilance. A "safe worker" operating in a safety culture, therefore, can be defined as someone who: - Is educated about residual risk, - Is vigilant because of residual risk, - Works safely and efficiently to keep entropic risk low, - Is informed of changes in entropic and residual risk, and - Has the knowledge and opportunity to make suggestions that contribute to improved safety, production output and system factor quality. The Entropy Model allows a multidisciplinary approach to risk control that integrates and aligns OHS with human resource, environmental, maintenance and other management disciplines. It enhances the understanding of risk as a dual construct and provides a systems perspective for hazard control using the Four-Fold Strategy. The model places OHS strategically at the center of total management systems so that safety becomes part of the organizational "lifestyle." Significantly, the model shows emphatically that safety is good business. When firms allow their systems to degrade, their risk exposure increases and they become less productive. In contrast, well-maintained quality systems allow companies to manage risk, pursue production output and achieve legal compliance and social responsibility. The model provides firms with a balanced, comprehensive approach to managing risk in the workplace and lays the path open for the development of organizational cultures in which production and safety are compatible goals. Accident Causation Models Risk is understood and managed as a result of the models used to explain how accidents happen. (Many of these models are described in the Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, edited by J.M. Stellman, International Labor Office, Geneva.) The Domino Theory developed in 1931 suggests that one event leads to another, then to another and so on, culminating in an accident. It found that 88 percent of accidents are caused by unsafe acts of people, 10 percent by unsafe actions and 2 percent by "acts of God." Later theories included the Structure of Accidents Model. It identifies immediate causes and contributing causes of accidents. The former involves unsafe acts and unsafe conditions while the latter includes safety management performance and the mental/physical condition of the worker. The importance of systems management is acknowledged. However, this is overshadowed by a strong emphasis on the operator as the primary instigator of accidents. A number of other models focused on human characteristics, including the Human Factors in Accidents Model. It suggests that the interaction of individuals with the work environment, equipment and other contributing factors leads to adverse effects on work systems, which in turn trigger a sequence of events ending in an accident. Worker error causes equipment design limitations and poor maintenance practices exacerbate these faults, with the combination resulting in an incident. This model encourages firms to invest in safety training to develop worker skills and safety consciousness. A significant weakness, however, is that it attributes all system faults to human error. Strategically, firms cannot achieve the elimination of human fallibility. The broader contributing factors such as the natural tendency of systems to degrade that counter the firm's risk reduction strategies are also not considered by the model. In the 1980s, individual perceptions of risk and motivational factors became the central theme of accident causation. The Risk Homeostatic Accident Model that applies particularly to traffic accidents introduced the notion of a target level of risk: people have a degree of risk that they choose which affects their health and safety. Using this model, a firm can develop strategies to reduce the level of risk workers are willing to take. In the model, regardless of previous experience and the road conditions, the driver compares the current risk level against his/her acceptable level of risk. The costs and benefits of taking the risk are evaluated before any action is taken, which explains why people are more inclined to break road rules to avoid being late for an important appointment. It highlights the need to influence the motivation for taking the risk and makes sense in the road traffic context. At work, however, this focus on the individual is very limited. Do employees choose to take risks or do workplace factors encourage risk-taking? In the organization, the worker has less control over contextual variables and cannot behave independently. These accident causation models led to the development of behavior-based approaches to OHS management centered on a singular concept of risk. It was not until the Hale and Glendon Model that the understanding of risk was expanded to included residual risks. The worker acts after comparing the current situation against the desired situation. In the presence of hazards, the employee recognizes, analyzes, prioritizes then develops alternative solutions to manage the risk. The final choice is evaluated which includes planning for unforeseen circumstances and residual risks. There are three types of decision processes that occur and these are based on skills, rules and knowledge. It explains that firms need to provide employees with training to develop these competencies. In 1991, Reason developed the Resident Pathogens and Risk Management Model. His theory indicates that residual risks are not reducible by purely technological counter-measures. Workers contribute to accidents in high-risk technologies through slips - where actions do not go as planned - and through mistakes, which are deficiencies or failures of judgment. The accumulation of human errors leads to active and latent failures of organizational systems. Reason argues the need to appreciate the presence of residual risks and develop strategies to contain it. This challenges managers to over-ride their assumptions that systems are "safe" and to look for underlying weaknesses in business systems. About the author: Tania Mol is the principal of Align Strategic Management Services, a management consultancy in Perth, Western Australia. Her concern for employee health and safety stems from a long family association with the Australian mining industry, known to be a sector with a high level of workplace risk. From a professional perspective, she also has concern for organizational achievement and has sought to address both issues by developing the Entropy Model, which considers the impact of risk on firm performance and safety concurrently. She is writing a book that presents a multidisciplinary, integrated management system that applies the model to hazardous industries.
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Who We Are Friends International (FI) are a Christian charity that supports international students in the UK. We do this through encouraging and equipping UK churches to serve, minister and engage with international students and to share with them the Christian faith. For further details please click here. In this Policy, the following terms shall have the following meanings: “FI”, “Us” “We” and “Our” means Friends International Ministries. Friends International Ministries is a charity registered in England and Wales (number 1094095). Our company number is 04500270 and Our registered office is The Rowan Centre, All Nations Christian College, Easneye, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 8LX. Tel: 01920 460006. Our email address is [email protected] ; and means a geographical place where there is an FI Local Ministry. This usually consists of a Branch or Development Group Committee that works with FI employee(s) and local churches to provide our core Ministry services to International Students; and means our central administration function based at our registered office. “you / your” means any living individual including incorporated businesses who use any of Our services accessed via Our Websites or App; and means Our main website https://friendsinternational.uk and any subsidiary FI Websites that are linked into the main website. These would include regional Websites and specialist areas such as TEN, True, and Philip Project. These subsidiary sites are listed at the end of this policy; and means the FI Mobile Application; and means any information that relates to an identifiable person who can be directly or indirectly identified from that information. In this case, it relates to personal data you give to Us via our Support Centre, our local Centres, Our Websites or App. 2 Your Rights 2.1.1 The right to be informed about Our collection and use of your personal data; 2.1.2 The right of access to the personal data which We hold about you; 2.1.3 The right to request that We correct any personal data if it is found to be inaccurate, incomplete, or out of date; 2.1.4 The right to request your personal data is erased where it is no longer necessary for Us to retain such data; 2.1.5 The right to change or withdraw your consent at any time; 2.1.6 The right to request that We provide you with your personal data and where possible, to transmit that data directly to another data controller (known as the right to data portability); 2.1.7 The right, where there is a dispute in relation to the accuracy or processing of your personal data, to request a restriction is placed on further processing; 2.1.8 The right to object to Us using your personal data for particular purposes; 2.1.9 Rights with respect to automated decision making and profiling; and 2.1.10 The right to lodge a complaint with the Information Commissioners Office. (See Section 15 below for details). If you have any queries or you wish to complain about how We use your personal data, please contact us in the first instance using the details in Section 14 below. 4 What Personal Data Do We collect? We collect the personal data defined by this policy when you access Our Websites or App, or when you communicate with Our Support Centre or Local Centres. This includes when you donate money, order materials, request information, sign up for an event, provide comments, volunteer or apply for a job with Us, use social media or otherwise provide Us with your personal data, including by post or telephone. 4.1 FI Website Account 4.2 What information do We collect when you use Our Websites with or without an account? 4.2.1 Your browsing activities within Our Websites; and 4.2.2 If you decide to leave a comment on Our Websites including via Our App blogging feature, We may collect your name and e-mail address and any comments you submit to the blog. In the following circumstances, We will collect additional Personal Data within Our Websites: 4.3.1 When you open an account, We will collect your name and email address registration date, and last visit date; 4.3.2 If you order books or materials from the Book Shop We will collect your name, address, phone number and email; 4.3.3 If you donate money We will collect your name, address, phone number and email and your Bank or payment details. We do not store credit or debit card details; 4.3.4 If you apply to join one of Our Summer Teams We will collect your name, gender, nationality and email; 4.3.5 If you request Our ‘Meet you at Heathrow’ service, We will collect your name, gender, nationality, email, arrival date and flight number; 4.3.6 If you apply to join Our Reach Team or True Leadership Team We will collect your name, gender, nationality, occupation or university where you are studying, email, address, and telephone; 4.3.7 If you sign up to the TEN Website We will collect your name and email; 4.3.8 If you sign up to the TEN Website and choose the ‘share your stories with Us service We will collect your name and email address, and the story you submit to Us; 4.3.9 If you apply to join Our Hospitality Scheme in your location, We will collect your name, gender, nationality, occupation or university where you are studying, email address, address, and telephone number and any specific dietary requirements you have and if you are comfortable around pets. We also optionally collect details of any hobbies or interests, and names of friends that you would like to be grouped with together with other sensitive personal data which is appropriate to provide you with a safe and enjoyable experience; 4.3.10 Where you apply to be a volunteer or an employee We will collect the personal data you provide to Us as part of the recruitment process. This may include sensitive personal data on your health, disability, or religious beliefs. We will also collect personal data from your referees which may include sensitive personal data; and 4.3.11 Where you apply to travel with Us on conferences or similar We will collect personal data such as name, address, phone number, and email. We will also collect sensitive personal data, such as dietary, mobility requirements or health information. 4.4 Personal Data collected by downloading or using our App Our Friends International App is used by International Students to generate community between students and Friends International staff, helping Us to support students better, and make their experience in the UK more positive. The App contains the following functions: Profile creator; Event finder; Host finder; Notification system; Staff finder; LifeUK pages; A blog feed from Our Websites; and a ‘Survival Skills’ survey. When using Our App, where you give it to us, We may collect some or all of the following personal data: 4.4.1 When you open an App account, We will collect your name, gender, nationality, occupation or university where you are studying, email address, address, and telephone number; 4.4.2 Host Finder. If you apply to join Our Hospitality Scheme in your location; We will additionally collect any specific dietary requirements you have and if you are comfortable around pets. We also optionally collect details of any hobbies or interests, and names of friends that you would like to be grouped with; 4.4.3 Blogging Feed. If you decide to leave a comment on Our Websites Using the App blogging service; We’ll additionally collect any comments you enter into the blog; and 4.4.4 Survival Skills Survey. We will collect the answers you enter into the survey. Your answers will not be used to identify you personally but will be anonymously aggregated to produce statistics to enable Us to understand the views of the users of the App. This will help Us learn how We can improve Our services to users. 4.5 Personal Data Collected in our Local Centres In each FI Local Centre We may locally collect and store your personal data as part of Our relationship building ministry. This is used to provide International students with information on events as well as maintain contact with them. This is covered by Friends International’s Legitimate Interest in seeking to achieve Our core local ministry. Such data could include sensitive personal data which is only held where there is sufficient direct contact by Us as a Christian Charity to make such processing appropriate, and where there is no disclosure to any 3rd party without your explicit consent. 4.6 Personal Data Collected in our Support Centre Where you contact Our Support Centre by post, telephone or email and request to use one of Our services We will collect the personal data you have chosen to give Us. this includes when you donate money, order materials, request information, sign up for an event, provide comments, volunteer or apply for a job with Us, or otherwise provide Us with your personal data. 4.7 Personal Data Collected From Third parties In addition, We collect personal data from third parties including but not limited to; Event organisers like Eventbrite; Email programs such as Mailchimp; Fundraising sites like JustGiving and Stewardship; Financial sites such as PayPal, Worldpay; and social media sites such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter and WeChat. This is where you have independently consented to use these third-party suppliers to enable you access Our services in some way. You should check their privacy policies to ensure you understand and are happy about how they will process your personal data in these circumstances. We will take all reasonable steps to ensure that your personal data collected via third parties will be handled safely, securely and in accordance with your rights, Our obligations, and the obligations of the third parties. Links to the Privacy Policies of some of the most common third parties used are provided at the end of this document for your convenience. 5 How Do We Use Your Personal Data? 5.1 Our Obligations FI complies with its obligations under the GDPR by keeping personal data up to date; by storing and destroying it securely; by not collecting or retaining excessive amounts of data for longer than is necessary; by protecting personal data from loss, misuse, unauthorised access and disclosure and by ensuring that appropriate technical measures are in place to protect personal data. 5.2 What is the legal basis for processing your Personal Data? Our processing of your personal data will always have a legal basis, either because you have explicitly consented to Our use of your personal data, or because it is necessary to supply you with the services you have requested or is necessary for Us to perform a contract with you, or because it is in our legitimate interests. Specifically: 5.2.1 All personal data collected from Our websites or App requires consent to process so that We can keep you informed about Friends International news, events, and activities including fundraising activities and appeals; 5.2.2 All personal data which is stored and processed centrally by Our Support Centre requires consent to process so that We can keep you informed about Friends International news, events, and activities including fundraising activities and appeals; 5.2.3 Personal data is also collected and processed in the normal course of the recruitment and employment of staff in accordance with normal employment contractual relationships; 5.2.4 Personal data relating to both financial supporters and employees is also processed where necessary to meet Our legal obligations relating to employment, social security, social protection law, Financial regulation, fraud and other crime; 5.2.5 All personal data collected directly from Supporters, Volunteers and International Students in their local centre may be stored and used as part of Our relationship building ministry. This is used to organise and equip Our volunteers as well as provide International students with information on events and maintain contact with them. This is legally processed under the basis of Friends International’s Legitimate Interests in seeking to achieve Our core local ministry. Such data could include sensitive personal data which is only held where there is sufficient direct contact by Us as faith-based Christian Charity to make such processing appropriate, and where there is no disclosure to any 3rd party without your explicit consent; and 5.2.6 Our Employees will also locally collect and store the personal data of their own personal supporters to provide them with news, prayer and fundraising updates and requests. This is legally processed under the basis of Friends International’s Legitimate Interests in seeking to develop and sustain the support base necessary to facilitate each Employees’ personal Ministry. We use your personal data in a way appropriate to the services you have used, the way you have chosen to access them, the personal data you have disclosed as you have done so, and upon the legal bases set out in this Policy. Our data processing activities enable Us to: 5.3.1 Inform you of news, events, and activities; 5.3.2 Process your gifts and gift aid applications; 5.3.3 Manage Our employees and volunteers; 5.3.4 Maintain Our own accounts and records; 5.3.5 Ask you for financial and non-financial support, such as volunteering or prayer; 5.3.6 Enable Us to provide the website and App services you have requested to use; 5.3.7 Administer your website account and App account (if applicable) and any activities you undertake whilst accessing the website and /or App as a logged in user; 5.3.8 Provide information or materials you have requested; 5.3.9 Contact you occasionally to conduct research about your opinions of current services or of potential new services that may be offered; 5.3.10 Better understand your views and so improve how We deliver Our services; 5.3.11 Administer the recruitment process if you apply to be a volunteer or employee; 5.3.12 Use third parties to provide services such as references and criminal referencing in connection with your application (DBS checks); 5.3.13 Provide appropriate support in the event of assistance being requested including in an emergency; 5.3.14 Answer any questions you may have or feedback you may give about any of Our services; 5.3.15 Deliver the volunteering, conference or holiday opportunity you have applied for, including the disclosure of sensitive data, such as medical or dietary information, to Our partner(s) where necessary to deliver a safe and pleasant event for all involved; and 5.3.16 Where We have a legal right or duty to use or disclose your information (including for financial processing and accounting, crime and fraud prevention). 6 How We Protect Your Personal Data Data security is important to us and We take all reasonable steps to ensure that your data is collected, stored and processed securely, whether in electronic or hard copy formats and is protected from unauthorised access, use or disclosure. We ensure that access to personal data is restricted only to those personnel whose job roles require such access and that suitable training is provided for these personnel. 7 Where do We Store Your Personal Data? We store your Data in the UK and European Economic Area (EEA). However, in rare circumstances some of your personal data may be stored outside the EEA and you are deemed to be accepting and agreeing to this by using our Websites and App. If we do store your personal data outside the EEA we will take all reasonable steps to ensure your personal data is treated as securely and safely as it would be if that data was within the UK or EEA under GDPR. 8 Do We Share Your Personal Data? We use third parties to process personal data on Our behalf. For example, a mailing house for dispatching Our magazines or PayPal to receive payments for materials, a CRM (Customer Relationship Management) software supplier and an IT services supplier. When We do use third parties we will take all reasonable steps to ensure your personal data is handled in accordance with your rights, Our obligations, and the obligations of the third party in law. In this case We remain responsible for the storing and processing of your personal data in accordance with the GDPR regulations. We do not store your credit or debit card details. We may in certain circumstances such as legal requirements, a government authority or an order of the Court, be legally required to share data held by us which may include your personal data including sensitive personal data. 9 How Long Do We Keep Your Personal Data? We will keep your personal data only for as long as we consider it necessary to carry out each activity. Our local Ministries will only continue to store personal data relating to International Students where there is a reasonable possibility of an ongoing relationship. Similarly, our local employees will only continue to store personal data relating to their personal supporters where there is a clear expectation from the supporter that they wish to maintain that personal contact in connection to their Friends International Ministry. We also take account of legal obligations and accounting and tax considerations as well as considering what would be reasonable for the activity concerned. We retain personal data about gifts and gift aid declarations for up to 7 years after the tax year to which they relate. 10 How Can You Control Your Personal Data? 11 Further processing 12 FI Subsidiary Websites 13 External Links Where links on our Websites or App take you to external websites owned by third-parties outside of our control, we accept no responsibility for the content or any damage or loss caused by websites that are not owned or operated by us. Even though we have made every effort to ensure these links are authentic you follow them at your own risk. In addition, the presence of a link does not imply we agree with the content or endorse the provider. 13.2 Third Party Websites We may have links via our Websites or App to various third-party external websites including social media sharing buttons. You use these at your own discretion and accept that doing so may publish content to your social media profile feed or page. We recommend you check the Privacy Policies of these sites before providing them with your personal data. You can find further information about terms and privacy statements of some of these sites below. 14 Contact Details To exercise all relevant rights, queries or complaints please contact Us using the following details and we will do our best to assist you. Our registered office is The Rowan Centre, All Nations Christian College, Easneye, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 8LX. Tel: 01920 460006. Our email address is [email protected]. If we are unable to help, you can lodge an enquiry or complaint with the Information Commissioners Office (ICO), using the details in section 15 below. You can contact the ICO on 0303 123 1113 or via email https://ico.org.uk/global/contact-us/email/ or at the Information Commissioner’s Office, Wycliffe House, Water Lane, Wilmslow, Cheshire. SK9 5AF. This document was last updated on April 8th, 2020. V1.7
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Intro: Hello, my name is Andreia Correia and I am part of LYRIS, an online advanced training school and we invite you to Re-Think Science with us. In this first series of our podcast, we aim to open a discussion about Mental Health and Academia as a way to reflect on the current academic research culture and how it affects each one of us. Hang your lab coat and come with us! AC: Hello everyone, welcome to the very first episode of Re-Think Science podcast by LYRIS. Today, we have Naziha Mroueh. Naziha comes from Lebanon, and she is currently doing her PhD in Germany. Coming from the Middle East to Europe and being religious can, unfortunately, still bring extra challenges even in the academic background. NM: Hi Andreia! AC: Thank you so much for accepting our invitation for this podcast. NM: Thank you for having me. It is my pleasure to participate in such a nice, new and revolutionary podcast for science. AC: Thank you for saying that. Could you start by giving us a brief summary of your path? NM: Of course! So, I finished high school in 2013. Something like this. Then, I did my bachelors in Lebanon in the Lebanese University, which is a public university in the capital of Beirut, where I studied Biology. Then, I did the first year in masters, it was Applied Biological Sciences. Which is more or less of a general master so that you can specialize further in the second year of masters. At the time I decided that I might want to consider opportunities to go abroad because I wanted to do a PhD. I decided to go to France, to a city called Montpellier, in the South, where I studied Cancer Biology as a part of an international masters. So, I spend about a year and a half in France and after that I came to Germany to do the PhD in Genetics, in Cologne. AC: Where we met. AC: So, starting from the beginning. Why did you take the decision to leave Lebanon for your masters? So, why couldn't you pursue your dreams in Lebanon? NM: So, as you might imagine, that in a country like Lebanon, the resources for science and for doing research are very much limited. If you really want to pursue a PhD, you would have to do it abroad, because you just have labs that are not equipped to support scientists or to support any extensive research, or you have to go (I don't know) to a private university, which would be insanely expensive. So, I had basically my goal set that I want to do a PhD, and if you want to do a PhD or if you want to guarantee at least to have a chance to be chosen as a candidate for the PhD, you should do your masters abroad. At the time I was seeing that in Lebanon shots are not so good and maybe things are not so much fair, so, I decided to take my destiny into my own hands. I was checking online for masters that would be English and that would be international, and I saw this masters that was being advertised as international master in Cancer Biology. I contacted the director, and we had an interview, and it went very well. I also applied to a fellowship. I got the fellowship and I decided that I would go to France and study Cancer Biology. "I decided to take my destiny into my own hands" - NM AC: So, in France what were the biggest challenges that you had to face? So, it is a big transition coming from Middle East to Europe. Language barriers, cultural barriers… How was this transition for you? How difficult was for you to adapt? NM: Of course, when you move to a different country that, you know moving by itself especially to a different continent, is a huge challenge. But my main challenge, I would say, is that I obviously come from a religious background. I wear the scarf and I was going to a country, which is clearly secular and everything. You are not allowed to show signs of any religion when you are working in public institutions, and that includes research or if you are working for the university. So, the first thing I realized was that my chances to find an internship would not be as easy as I thought, and my obstacle was that I was a religious person. It was not really a scientific obstacle I would say. AC: So, which kind of problems did you have during your applications? NM: My first problem was to find an internship. So, I went there and I was going to do 2 semesters. The first one would be the theoretical part, during which the students are supposed to do interviews and go to a lab where they want to do their master thesis. As I started applying to labs and doing interviews or talking to researchers, I realized that my scarf is a huge obstacle, and they cannot accept me simply because I'm wearing it. So, there is this one time that I was invited to an interview. It was my very first interview, I remember. It happened to be at the hospital because there, especially in cancer biology, you have a lot of labs inside hospitals. I went to the lab, I met with the researcher, I met with the team, we spent almost an hour discussing. He showed me the lab, everything was going so well, until at the end he told me “I think you're a good student, but I have the problem that you are wearing the scarf. As you can see that we are literally inside of the hospital, so you simply cannot be here”. And he said “I'm sorry but there's nothing I can do about it. You have to find a lab somewhere else”. Of course, at that time I was very shocked. I was very disappointed because then I felt that I'm losing the chance, I might lose the chance of finishing my academic year, which for me at the time was a nightmare. I left my country, and I had a purpose and I've always been working towards a goal. I never had at that time where I had doing nothing because it was out of my own hands. There's nothing I could do about it. And that was very scary. AC: And frustrating, I guess, because it limited what your choices as well. So, you came to have choices and in the end your choices were very funneled. AC: So, first of all, did you have a picture in your applications? How did the process of application, so, if I guess if the person would have saw your picture before wouldn't even have invited to this interview? Or how did it go? NM: Yes, so at the beginning I didn't really have my picture on my CV because I thought that maybe that would minimize my chances. I'm not sure, actually I think at the beginning I had my picture, and I wasn't getting interviews too much, and after this one interview I realized that this could be the reason. So, I removed my picture and then I started getting you know responses at least and invitations for up interviews: I had the international background, I showed very well proficiency in English and I was really trying to write the professional cover letter and was really trying to write a professional CV. And I was not understanding why am I not even getting an interview. It didn't make sense to me at the beginning, but then I realized and, indeed, when I removed my picture I started getting interviews. "I removed my picture and then I started getting you know responses at least and invitations for up interviews" -NM AC: So, nobody prepared you for this, even the person that was responsible for the masters? NM: I mean, I did hear about it before I went to France, of course because it was a bit known. But I chose this international master because it was really aimed at people from outside of Europe, specifically. And the fellowship that they got was specifically for people from outside of Europe to help them progress in science. And when I actually did the interview with the director of the master, I specifically asked her this, and she said that it shouldn't be a problem. I mean even the director herself (I think she wasn't French even maybe that's why) she didn't like emphasis too much on it. And after I started sending out the applications, and getting very few responses, I actually had another discussion with her and she said that I'm aware, but I do not think that you will not find the lab. I'm sure that you will find the lab, you just need to keep looking. And it's actually what I did. AC: And how did it go? NM: Of course, I didn't stop applying for labs but I was also very much lucky enough to find a lab, which it was an excellent lab that hosted international students all the time. They even had many students, before, that came from Lebanon and they wear the scarf. So, they were completely cool with it. I never felt that there was the slightest discrimination because they were just used to it. And I ended up having a very nice time. I learned a lot from the lab and I maintain my relationship with most of the people in the lab until today. AC: I also see a problem here. I don't know if you want to comment about it or not. The problem here is not your religious background, it is the fact that you show it because you wear the scarf. But who wears the scarf are women not the men. So, in your case, a student coming from Lebanon that would be a male, wouldn’t have such problems. NM: Exactly. It's just that the people see you wearing the scarf and they automatically have this idea that you're oppressed. They don't know you, they don't know anything about your country. I bet that if you ask them to point your country on the map, they will not be able to do it my. And they would even disregard that you are a highly educated person. You move to another continent completely by yourself at a very young age, and they stick to the stereotype. Why? Because you're a woman. I mean, I think if you would dedicate like 10 minutes to talk to the person, you can easily realize whether this person is closed minded or not. I hope that I don't give this impression after conversations. "You move to another continent completely by yourself at a very young age, and they stick to the stereotype. Why? Because you're a woman." - NM AC: So, you finished your masters and then you decided to move to Germany. Was this decision, of moving country again, because you had this experience in France or you have other reasons to do it as well. NM: I would say that as I said at the beginning, I went to France and the idea of pursuing a PhD was always in my head. And as I started applying to labs, for the master thesis, I realized that my road would be filled with obstacles, and I started perceiving how the PhD applications would go. And then I was immediately confronted with the realization that my chances of finding a PhD contract in France is very hard. So, I have to start looking somewhere else, and I have to apply to other countries. Yes, it was a bit scary because it meant that, yet again, I had to go through everything again: moving to a foreign country again, not knowing anyone again, foreign language again. It was very frustrating for me, but I really wanted to do a PhD. I couldn't just give up on it because I just have to move again. When you really want something, you have to work hard for it. And of course, Germany is very well known for its opportunities, especially in this scientific domain, and compared to France, where the chances are very much limited because the funding is very much limited and you have a lot of very good people who at the end just don't have a position. It's just the way it is. So, if you wanted to pursue research, you have to expand your circle of looking. AC: Yeah, I have to say that it's really admirable. You never thought that Lebanon would stop you, France would stop you… NM: Actually, you just reminded me, indeed. I don't know that if you may know this or not, but you have a lot of people from Lebanon going to France to do their studies. So, when I went to France I had, what you say like, a group of people who helped me. I had the girl who picked me from the airport and, because I didn't speak French, she really helped me. Because you have this Institute Français that sends students there, and there is a lot of Lebanese students there. When I started considering moving to Germany my parents were completely against it. They said: “you will be completely on your own, no, you're not allowed”. I said “I don't care, I'm applying if I find a position I'm moving to Germany, full stop”. AC: I see how oppressed you are. AC: Which struggles do you still go through, and which mechanisms did you find to defend yourself from them? And how does that then affect your daily life? Because you are doing a PhD. NM: As a religious woman in science, who is like in your face screaming “I'm religious”, you can imagine that, just simply by existing or just by standing, you trigger a lot of people. Some people would feel the need to make certain comments or to challenge your intelligence just because you are religious. They might themselves believe in some spirituality, but you being religious is offending them in some reason. And you never avoid getting comments like: “religious people are sheep or something”. Well, you are not even engaging in a discussion with them. You're just simply passing by, doing some experiment, going to get a glass of water, and someone decides today is the day I want to force discussion about religion. So, you can imagine that this can interrupt the flow of your day, or your flow of thoughts, or your peace. This used to affect me a lot. I would immediately be very angry, and, you know, insulted or something. And then, I realized that it's just ruining my mood, the other person doesn't care. They are just doing it probably to purposely to ruining my mood. So now, I just ignore it. If I didn't initiate any discussion, it doesn't concern me. Your ideas just reflect back on you, and you can discuss with yourself. People don't realize that we all have our boundaries and not everyone tolerates things to the same level. I'm sure that people that makes these kinds of comments would not tolerate you making any comments towards them. "As a religious woman in science, who is like in your face screaming “I'm religious”, you can imagine that, just simply by existing or just by standing, you trigger a lot of people" - NM AC: You also referred to the term intelligence. Do you think that from being religious people judge your intelligence in science, in scientific environment? NM: Of course! AC: Because science and religion cannot coexist? NM: Yes! I think the first thing people tell you is like “how the hell do you believe in these things?”. Yes, but my friend you also believe in horoscopes, and you tell me about horoscopes the whole day. So, at the end we're just people. No? I mean, we study biology but do we really know the origin of life on earth? Does everybody know? Do we have questions for all their answers? Do we have answers to all questions? No. AC: Were you trying to justify yourself in the beginning or you never tried this? Or you just were getting angry? NM: I have to say that it very much depends on the day, because there are days when you're just completely mentally strained. I mean, you're doing a PhD, you're overwhelmed, you have so much and then you have someone that comes and try to provoke you in another way. You just don't want to deal with people, or you would be extremely frustrated, and you just decide to socially cut off these people. And there are days when you're like: ok, I will show you that you are not more intelligent than me. But, at the end, the approach that I'm currently following is that this is my decision, and you need to mind your own business. If you're genuinely interested in knowing, I'm more than happy to answer you, but if your sole purpose is to provoke me then, you know, better luck next time. If we want to know a thing, I think that it's very easy for us to look things up. I don't think it is that hard. We are researchers. When I have a question about something, I either go to a person where I know that they are willing to answer me, or I look it up myself, and then I try to verify my information. People can do better things with their time, especially when you're doing a PhD, I have to say. AC: So, what would you tell now to the Naziha, in the dorm, in Beirut, with hopes and dreams to go do a PhD someday? NM: I would tell her that she took all the right steps. She shouldn't regret going abroad, doing a PhD. Because it made her a better person, it made her a mature person, it introduced her to so many cultures and so many mentalities around the world that, you know, in Lebanon she wouldn't have never interacted with. I would tell her that she should keep going because we have a saying that she crossed 2/3 of the way already, so she's close to the finish line. I think now she's a much better scientist and she can produce good science or better science than her younger self. I think it's worth it to keep going. AC: And finishing in an even more positive note: what is a good day for you in the lab? NM: A good day for me in the lab… I would say that if my experiments work it's an amazing day, but on normal occasions, I would say that the day where I can accomplish something, no matter how small, that would, you know, accumulate to my progress, then it's a very good day. If people try to not interrupt as I execute my experiments, then that's amazing. AC: Thank you very much Naziha. NM: Yeah, it was my pleasure! AC: Thank you all for listening and come back to the next one. Bye! NM: Bye bye! AC: If you are interested in this topic and want to know more about how academics cope with mental health issues, subscribe to our channel. And if you have a story to share with us, contact us through our social media or email. You can find all the links on our home page lyrisschool.com. Thank you for listening and we hope to see you next week.
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For more than 25 years, the OB/GYN physicians at CommonSpirit Academy Women's Healthcare Associates in Colorado Springs have been providing expert, compassionate, and mission-based women’s health care. Whether you need care for menstrual pain, fertility issues, pregnancy, or menopause symptoms, you can rely on our experienced, highly trained obstetricians and gynecologists to be there for you. Our OB/GYN physicians are committed to listening to you, and to providing personalized care throughout your life to help you achieve your best health. At Academy Women’s Healthcare Associates, our obstetricians and gynecologists take pride in cultivating lifelong relationships, one patient at a time. We consider it our mission to provide women’s health care that combines medical expertise with empathy and compassion. We believe in partnering with each patient to provide care that benefits her physical, emotional, and spiritual health. Our OB/GYN doctors excel in all aspects of women’s health care, from well-woman checks to pregnancy care to menopause management. We are among the region’s most experienced OB/GYN surgeons performing minimally invasive and robotic gynecologic surgery. We are committed to providing the highest level of service to our patients and to the community. Many of our physicians donate their time to serve a variety of organizations and missions dedicated to improving the health and lives of the women in El Paso County and beyond. At Academy Women’s Healthcare Associates, every member of our team — from our physicians, nurse practitioner, and triage nurses, to our front desk staff — considers it an honor to provide excellent, compassionate care to women of all ages. We offer comprehensive women’s health care at all ages and stages, including well-woman checks, family planning, prenatal and delivery care, and menopause management. We also offer gynecologic surgery, when needed, including minimally invasive robotic surgery for GYN conditions, including fibroids, incontinence, pelvic pain, endometriosis, and vaginal prolapse. At Academy Women’s Healthcare Associates, we have been privileged to assist in bringing more than 32,000 babies into the world. We work with women from the moment they begin planning their pregnancy through delivery. We respect and honor women and their partners, and work with them to support the experience they choose. From the first ultrasound, throughout your pregnancy, labor, and delivery, we are at your side helping you understand the changes your body and your baby are going through — and helping you make choices that ensure the healthiest experience possible for mom and baby. Our OB/GYN doctors and nurses offer comprehensive physical and behavioral health services in our pregnancy care center, including: - Family planning - Fertility consultations - Prenatal care - Diagnostic testing - Lab tests - In-office ultrasounds - Nutrition counseling and education - Breastfeeding counseling/lactation consulting - Postpartum care We also provide specialized care for women experiencing pregnancy complications, including: - Pregnancy with twins or triplets - Premature labor and delivery - Incompetent/short cervix - Autoimmune disorders such as hypothyroidism, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. In addition, we work closely with the specialists at Southern Colorado Maternal Fetal Medicine, who are located in the same building, to care for women who have high-risk pregnancies. When a baby comes into this world, it is one of God’s most miraculous events. We honor this time, and we will work with you to help achieve the birth experience you desire. At the same time, however, our foremost duty is to keep you and your baby safe. In the vast majority of deliveries, these two goals align. To support you, we offer the following: - Unmedicated labor and delivery: We want this to be a special day for you, your partner, and your baby. Many women prefer the greater mobility and freedom of laboring without medication. We are happy to honor your wishes regarding pain relief and monitoring during labor and delivery — as long those choices remain safe for both you and your baby. - Epidurals: When safe, we offer pain relief during labor through epidurals for women who request them. - Cesarean section: Planned and emergency. We know from medical research — and from our own experience — that vaginal births are more beneficial to a newborn and mom. In some cases, however, a vaginal birth may jeopardize the health of the baby or the mother and we need to perform a C-section. We perform C-sections with the utmost caution, and we are proud to maintain an 11 percent C-section rate for first-time deliveries, compared with 28 percent statewide. Our obstetricians support a woman’s choice to consider a trial of labor after a cesarean section, or TOLAC (also known as VBAC). However, TOLAC can have risks of its own. Your Academy Women’s Healthcare Associates obstetrician will work with you to evaluate your individual risks and benefits of attempting a TOLAC delivery. Generally, vaginal birth carries lower risk of infection, excessive bleeding, and complications of surgery. An individual woman’s chance of success can go up or down, depending on many factors that include: - The reason for the initial C-section - Interval time from her last C-section - Her age at delivery - If she is overweight or obese - The type of incision made for the initial C-section If your goal is a vaginal birth, your Academy Women’s Healthcare Associates obstetrician will sit down with you and carefully evaluate your personal risks and potential benefits, and help you make the decision that is best for your health and your baby’s. As a woman, your gynecologic health needs change as you move through life. At Academy Women’s Healthcare Associates, we understand that, and we are committed to providing you with comprehensive women’s health care — from the first adolescent GYN visit through pregnancy to menopause and beyond. Whether you need gynecologic surgery, a menopause specialist to manage your symptoms, or simply an annual gynecologic exam, our compassionate and dedicated team of OBGYN doctors will work with you to provide comprehensive, expert care that fits you, and your life at every phase. We provide a wide range of gynecology services, including treatment for: - Irregular or heavy bleeding - Pelvic pain - Breast health - Urinary incontinence - Ovarian cysts - Premenstrual syndrome - Pelvic organ prolapse - Pain with intercourse - Menopausal/hormonal concerns In addition to diagnostic testing and treatment for those gynecologic disorders, we offer Pap testing, in-office ultrasound, STI screening, and free pregnancy testing. Your annual gynecological exam is an opportunity to check your health before problems arise, schedule preventive tests, and discuss any changes you may be experiencing. At a well-woman check, our OB/GYN specialists will perform a thorough physical exam, including a breast and pelvic exam. Much like with a primary care doctor, we also will monitor your heart, breathing, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. Our goal is to identify any potential health problems and remedy them before they become major issues. At Academy Women's Healthcare our gynecologists recommend that women have an annual/well-woman exam, which may include a Pap smear depending on the patient’s age and/or history, every year. We may recommend Pap smears more often if you have a history of sexually transmitted infections, vaginal infections, cervical dysplasia, or a family history of cervical and other reproductive cancers. Other screening tests may be ordered depending on the patient’s individual history or risk factors. The teenage years in a young woman’s life, can be marked by change and uncertainty. A young woman’s first gynecology visit is important and parents can help by noting it as a step toward adulthood and independence. We encourage you to considering making an appointment for your daughter in her mid-teens. We find that scheduling the first visit before a teen girl needs a gynecologic exam allows the opportunity for us to build a relationship of trust. We use this visit as an opportunity for the teen patient to ask questions and bring up any concerns she might have. Unless there are specific concerns to be addressed, that first visit will not include a physical exam. Rather, we discuss with a young woman common concerns among teens, such as menstrual pain and cramping, sexually transmitted diseases, smoking, vaping, emotional health, and eating disorders. We recommend a woman receive her first full well-woman gynecologic exam at 21. When hormones begin to change in midlife, it affects all aspects of a woman’s life, including physical, mental, and emotional health. Our gynecologists work closely with a woman to help her recognize and talk over signs of perimenopause (the period before menopause) so that we can help ease this transition. During and after menopause, our menopause experts evaluate a woman’s entire health, from physical changes such as weight gain, vaginal dryness, fatigue, and hot flashes to mental and emotional issues such as depression, mood swings, and mental fogginess. We also closely review a woman’s personal health history, family health history, and health risks, and incorporate those into our treatment plan. Our gynecologists will discuss the use of hormone replacement therapy, as well as bioidentical hormones, and other treatments to help ease menopause symptoms. The decision to use hormone replacement therapy is based on a personalized health assessment as well as a woman’s thoughts on the issue. We provide every patient with the latest research-based information so that she can make an educated, informed decision about when, if, and for how long to use hormone replacement therapy. In addition, we explore with each woman additional options to manage symptoms. Options may include estrogen patches or vaginal estrogen creams to address vaginal dryness. We also discuss alternatives to traditional HRT and individual care. For some women, antidepressants may help with mood swings and emotional challenges, while for others, journaling about their moods and feelings can be helpful. Academy Women’s Healthcare Associates pioneered the use of minimally invasive techniques in Colorado Springs for a variety of gynecologic surgeries, and we are proud that physicians throughout the region look to us for guidance and training in these techniques. Our leadership in these techniques reflects our commitment to offering our patients the most up-to-date and beneficial care. We know that our patients lead busy lives as working women, mothers, daughters, wives, and friends. And we understand that it’s important to get back to life as soon as possible after surgery. Minimally invasive robotic-assisted gynecologic surgery enables our surgeons to perform surgery using tiny 1- to 2-centimeter incisions, allowing for greater precision and control. Minimally invasive surgery reduces blood loss, lowers the risk of incision-site infection, reduces pain, and lessens recovery time — in many cases our patients are able to go home the following day. If minimally invasive surgery an option in your case we are able to offer: - Myomectomy for fibroid removal, having menstrual bleeding or to improve fertility. - Excision of endometriosis - Sacrocolpopexy for uterine or vaginal prolapse - Ovarian Cystectomy/Oophorectomy for removal of ovarian cysts or ovaries Many women, especially those who are older or who have given birth, experience urinary incontinence. For some, that means leaking urine when they sneeze, laugh, or during exertion — a condition called stress incontinence. For others, it takes the form of urge incontinence — a sudden and uncontrollable need to urinate. Many women believe this is a part of aging. But in fact, there are many treatments our gynecologists can offer, including: - Physical therapy - Behavior/diet modification At Academy Women’s Healthcare Associates, our gynecologists are experienced at diagnosing and treating urinary incontinence. We offer extensive in-office diagnostic testing to pinpoint the cause of the problem in order to provide the exact treatment that is right for you. Diagnostic tests include: - Detailed pelvic exam - Neurologic testing - Cough stress tests - Urodynamic tests We understand the emotional pain that being unable to conceive a child can cause, and we are committed to helping couples who are struggling with infertility. If you and your partner have tried unsuccessfully to conceive for three to six months or more, you may be frustrated, and you may have many questions. Several members of our team are experienced at addressing fertility issues and can help provide you with information. We will sit down with you to carefully and sensitively review the health histories of both partners, and we may be able to make suggestions for lifestyle changes that may increase your odds of conception. We also can perform a number of diagnostic tests to help determine what is causing you to have difficulty conceiving. If tests reveal low sperm count or low sperm motility, we work closely with local urology practices, and can refer your partner for treatment. Sometimes, tests reveal that a woman is not ovulating or is not producing an expected number of follicles during each cycle. In that case, we may prescribe medication to help stimulate an increase in hormones. We will carefully monitor you, performing in-house ultrasound at specific days during your cycle to gauge whether the medication is effective. We can alter the medication dose based on your body’s response. In addition, we work closely with practices that specialize in more complex infertility treatments and can offer referrals when necessary. In addition, we work closely with practices that specialize in more complex infertility treatments and can offer referrals when necessary. In-office Ultrasound policies At Academy Women’s Healthcare Associates, we use AIUM certified ultrasound units. We can also provide digital images and video clips of your ultrasounds directly to you via email or on your smartphone. All ultrasound images are stored securely in the Cloud. Access to these images will be emailed and/or texted to the patient after the ultrasound. Please note that we do not allow videotaping of the examination. Please be aware that during your ultrasound, you are allowed two guests (which include children age 5 and older). All children under the age of five must be accompanied by an adult other than the patient. An ultrasound is a medical procedure and we do have your best interest in mind. If you do not have another adult with you to care for your child, we will have to reschedule your appointment. We are sorry for any inconvenience this may cause. If you have any questions, please feel free to give us a call at 719-571-4500. What to expect during your pregnancy Your first prenatal visit will be one of the longest visits — but also one of the most exciting. The visit will include: - Education. We will answer questions and offer information about diet, nutrition, exercise, and optional testing. - A physical exam. Your physician will do a breast, abdominal and pelvic exam and, depending on your age, possibly a Pap smear. - Blood and lab work. We routinely check for anemia, Hepatitis B and C, HIV, and syphilis. In addition, we determine your blood type and perform a urine culture and vaginal cultures for gonorrhea and chlamydia. - Prescriptions. If necessary, we will provide prescriptions for prenatal vitamins or other medications. While not routine, an ultrasound may be ordered to help establish a due date and confirm the viability of the pregnancy. We offer in-office ultrasound for your convenience. You can also register for an online patient portal where you can view medical records, test results and email your doctor. At 11 or 12 weeks, a doppler ultrasound device will be used to listen to the baby’s heartbeat. Beginning at 12 weeks, you will see your obstetrician every three to four weeks, through week 32. You more than likely will see your obstetrician for every visit; however, you may need to see one of the other physicians or our nurse practitioner if your obstetrician is unavailable or out of the office. 15 to 20 weeks: You will be offered optional screening for several anomalies, including Down Syndrome, Trisomy 13, and neural tube defects. 20 weeks: A routine fetal anatomy ultrasound will measure and evaluate your baby’s organs and gender, and the length of your cervix and the volume of amniotic fluid. 24 to 28 weeks: You will be tested for gestational diabetes and anemia From your 32nd to your 36th week of pregnancy, your obstetrician will see you every two weeks. At 36 weeks, your visits will become weekly. 31-34 weeks: You’ll want to preregister at the Birth Center at St. Francis Hospital, take a tour, and complete a birth preference sheet. You also should be taking any birthing or breastfeeding classes now. We also can help you choose a pediatrician for your baby. The Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) vaccine is now recommended by the pediatric community during every pregnancy to reduce the risk of the newborn being exposed to pertussis (whooping cough) once the baby goes home. 35-37 weeks: You will be tested for Group B streptococcus, a common type of bacteria. If it is present, you will receive antibiotics during labor to protect the baby. 36 weeks: You may be checked to see if your cervix has begun dilating. Birth classes & breastfeeding We partner with St. Francis Hospital to offer comprehensive birth, baby care, safety classes and breastfeeding support to all expecting moms and dads. St. Francis Hospital offers a full complement of breastfeeding resources, including: - Lactation consultants while you are in the hospital as well as after you go home - Breastfeeding classes - Breastfeeding Mom Support Group - Mother’s Milk Bank (where moms can donate or obtain breast milk) - The Lactation Center Boutique, specializing in breast pump rentals and sales, and items centered on making breastfeeding comfortable and convenient Learn more about the St. Francis Hospital Birth Center.
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I didn’t vote in the pivotal American election of 2016. Thirty-five years ago, in that unseasonably warm month of November, I was in Antarctica’s Allan Hills taking ice core samples with a hand augur. The pictures I have from that time show my team drilling deep into the blue ice, but what we were actually doing was digging a million years into the planetary past to gaze upon the panorama of climate change. The election was a bad soap opera playing out far beyond my field of vision. At the time, I lived in Washington, D.C. So my vote, I told myself for years afterward, wouldn’t have made any difference in that overwhelmingly Democratic city. And of course, I never had a doubt about the result, nor did my family and friends, nor did the pollsters, the media, and the entertainment industry, nor the members of the political and economic elite of both major parties. Ours was a confidence composed in equal parts of ignorance and arrogance. We underestimated the legitimate anger and despair of large sections of the country — as well as the other darker motivations much discussed in the years since. “Remember, Rachel,” my ex-husband used to say, “Homo homini lupus: man is wolf to man.” I criticized him for slandering the poor wolf, but he was right. Beastliness has always lain just beneath the surface of our world. My ex-husband, the author Julian West, is a man who cared little about ice or nature. We couldn’t have been more ill-suited in that regard. He was always focused on politics. At that moment, he was less worried about Donald Trump winning the presidency than a far slicker populist coming along to galvanize the same anti-establishment constituency four years after a Trump defeat. In 2016, Julian was still a relatively conventional political scientist. The election would change all that, setting in motion the events that ultimately inspired his seminal bestseller, Splinterlands, which, as you no doubt remember, was published in 2020 and predicted — with considerable accuracy — the broke-down, shattered world all of us now live in. I used to think geologically, which transformed the grand sweep of human history into a mere sliver in the planet’s 4.6-billion-year timeline. The Earth had repeatedly warmed and cooled in a set of protracted mood swings that encompassed the epochs. Don’t imagine, though, that just because I thought in million-year intervals I was entirely above the fray. By examining those columns of ice we were extracting from Antarctica, I hoped to understand far more about our own era of global warming. What I’d learned by 2016 was not encouraging. In every previous cycle, the Earth had regulated itself. Then we humans came along and started fiddling with the global thermostat. The era of climate change that began in the nineteenth century with our concerted use of fossil fuels would prove unprecedented. Scientists began to speak of our 11,700-year epoch, the Holocene, as the Anthropocene, the first period in which the actions of a particular species, our very own anthropos, changed the planet. (I used to half-jokingly call our era the Anthro-obscene.) Already by 2016, we were experiencing “the hottest summer on record” year after dismal year. By then, we’d raised the global temperature by one degree, and that fall the Arctic was an astonishing 36 degrees warmer than normal. In Antarctica, where our 12-person team was using a Badger-Eclipse drill and hand augurs to collect samples, the ground seemed to be turning liquid beneath us as we worked. At that point, of course, the looming reality of global warming should have been obvious to everyone, not just scientists. But in that era of fake news and rampant conspiracy theories, climate change proved to be just one more “debatable” topic. In the past, at comparable moments, wisdom had eventually won out over wrongheadedness, whether the shape of the world or the position of Earth in the universe was in question. Alas, in the most important debate of them all, the one on which the very existence of human life on this planet depended, calmer heads did not prevail — not in time anyway. As time itself began to telescope, many of us, in the United States in particular, simply closed our eyes and pretended that species death was not staring humanity (and many other species) in the face. Geologic time would, of course, go marching on, just not for us. The four-year term of Donald Trump proved such a disaster that a chastened nation, instead of christening public buildings after the disgraced president, bestowed his name on the devastating, climate-change-energized hurricane that struck the country’s East Coast in 2022. Like its namesake, Hurricane Donald began as a squall, only later to develop into the destructive force that ruined the national capital and caused billions of dollars of damage. Julian and I lost our home in Hurricane Donald. Having never liked Washington, I was, in the end, happy enough to leave the city to the floodwaters. I divorced my husband (no need to go into that story here), reverted to Rachel Leopold, the name I’d previously used only for my scientific publications, and retreated to Vermont. There, in our community of Arcadia, I’ve cultivated my garden and watched the inexorable rise of the global thermometer ever since. The good news: our citrus crop was excellent this year. The bad news: a significant coastal chunk of what was once the habitable world is now underwater. How much of that is the responsibility of President Trump, how much his shortsighted predecessors’ and his blinkered successors’, I leave to scholars like my ex-husband to mull over. I can tell you only what I saw with my own eyes. I was pretty good with an augur back in the day, so let me drill down one last time through the crust of history. The Trump Years Since I take the long view, I know that time can march backward. Just ask the graptolites. Oh, sorry, actually you can’t. Graptolites were tiny sea creatures that once lived in colonies huddled at the bottom of oceans or floating like ribbons of seaweed on the water’s surface. For nearly 200 million years, they prospered in their aquatic world. They probably thought — if they thought at all — that such longevity guaranteed them eternal life on this planet. Then came the Carboniferous Period and a brief but severe ice age. Poof, the graptolites were gone, along with 86% of all other species. Before evolution culminated in its most glorious and destructive creation — and you know just who I mean — the planet experienced five mass extinctions. The most devastating came at the end of the Permian era, around 250 million years ago, when 96% of all species died out because a huge volcano exploding in present-day Siberia set off a chain reaction that raised the temperature of the seas radically. All of those long-gone creatures left behind no more than a few marks on stone or some petro-carbon pools beneath the Earth’s surface. The essential law of evolution is the survival of the fittest. Many species die out thanks to some spectacular event or other: an asteroid crashing into the Earth, say, or a massive volcanic eruption. But no wrathful god or malevolent alien force proved necessary for human beings: we were quite capable of being our own worst cataclysm. In an instant of geologic time, we heedlessly burned through our natural resources, while creating weapons of mass destruction that could do in the world hundreds of times over. And then, in 2016, roughly half the voting population of the United States walked into the polls and pulled the lever for doomsday. My ex-husband loved to regale me with comparable stories from history — of empires that rose and fell, great civilizations that left behind not much more than the poor graptolites had. He believed, however, that the Enlightenment had fundamentally changed human consciousness, that history thereafter was slated to move forward, with only a few stutter steps, into a radiant future. The election of 2016 changed him and his thinking on such subjects irrevocably. Definition of a pessimist: an optimist mugged by current events. I, too, didn’t quite realize how quickly a country could move backward, dragging the world with it. I watched helplessly as the Trump administration toppled one scientific enterprise after another, like a sullen child kicking over the sand castles of other kids. As soon as he took office, the new president green-lighted every dirty energy project within reach. Over the objections of environmentalists, scientists, and anyone with a modicum of common sense, his administration boosted a dying coal industry, lifted regulations on carbon emissions, opened up federal land to drilling and fracking, and okayed pipelines that pumped out yet more oil and gas to turn into carbon emissions and further heat the planet. It was the equivalent of a second Industrial Revolution in Saudi America, at the very moment when the planet could ill afford another fossil fuel spree. Worse yet was the new administration’s decidedly lukewarm attitude toward the Paris Accord on climate change. Even as the president revised his earlier contention that global warming was a Chinese hoax, the United States turned its back on its pledge to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in concert with the other industrialized powers. It also stopped all payments to other countries to help them reduce such emissions. In the space of months, years of patient negotiations unraveled. The Trump energy stimulus — along with tax cuts for the wealthy, military budget increases, and a major, privatizing infrastructure program — provided a short-term boost to the American economy. It was like giving an exhausted worker a hit of meth. Even then, it hardly took an Einstein to know that what goes up must inevitably come down. The new president’s “plan” threw the American economy into even more serious debt, and the initial spike in employment it caused — the new jobs in mining, pumping, fracking, and building — proved unsustainable, even as an already yawning gap between rich and poor continued to widen. The global economy responded by sliding into stagnation (and then worse), while the positive effects of the short-term stimulus in the United States soon evaporated. Perhaps if there had been more resistance to the Trump juggernaut, we wouldn’t find ourselves in the present situation. Most critics saw the new president as only a variation, however strange, on all-American themes. They acted as if the normal melody of politics was continuing to play. They ignored the growing cacophony in the country and the world. They simply didn’t see the true nature of the threat. They didn’t understand how fracked we all were. Of course, we did finally stop fracking — the pumping of high-pressure liquid under the ground to extract otherwise hard-to-get hydrocarbons — once we fully understood more than two decades ago the devastating consequences it had for the environment and for us. But by then it was too late. Donald Trump had already fulfilled his promise to get at those hidden reserves of oil and gas. In doing so, he ensured that yet more rounds of carbon emissions would head into the atmosphere, unleashing a wave of destructive force that widened the existing cracks in American society. It’s no surprise that the world began to splinter. But I don’t want to cover the ground my ex-husband has already explored. I have my own story to tell. From Reconstruction to Deconstruction Here in this Vermont community where I’ve lived for the past quarter century, I’ve had a lot of time to read. I no longer take ice core samples. There isn’t much point (or much ice left either). Instead, we survive as best we can, while bracing for yet another tempo shift that will force us to measure our lives not in decades but in years, or even days. We have a good library here in Arcadia, assembled from the basements and attics of farmhouses in the area. No one reads books anymore, so we had our pick. In addition to taking charge of the greenhouses in our community, I teach science in our school. In the evenings, when I have the time, I also read history. For all those years we were together, I listened to my husband’s take on the world of the past. Now I’ve developed my own interpretation. From my reading, I think I understand what happened to the United States in the aftermath of Hurricane Donald. I think I know now why the country cracked into so many pieces. At the time, I believed it was because of the political divisions of the day, the disagreements over immigration and guns and trade. I didn’t realize that all of these disputes stemmed from a much older conflict built into the very foundations of this country. Like most Americans, I assumed that our forefathers beat the British in the Revolutionary War and, in short order, created a new experiment in democracy. I’d forgotten — or never even knew — that a decentralized group of not-so-united states existed for six years between the end of that war and the Constitutional Convention of 1787. In those years, the 13 states that had agreed to the Articles of Confederation were quite interested in forming a more perfect union. They evidently liked their status and felt resistant to replacing an imperial overlord with a federal one. Only through a sleight of hand did the founding fathers conjure up an American federation. It was a brilliant piece of politics, but Washington, Hamilton, Madison, and the others never fully convinced those skeptical of federation. Indeed, the Constitution papered over the problem by forging compromises between the one government and the many states that would prove increasingly vexing over the ensuing decades. Ultimately, it was brought to a head by the Civil War, thanks to the perennial disagreement about whether new states admitted to the Union would be “slave” or “free.” It wasn’t so much the North as the federal government that emerged victorious from that war and then tried to impose a solution on the rebellious states, which balked at constitutional amendments enfranchising freed slaves as equal citizens and — for the men at least — members of the political community. The post-war Reconstruction project remained unfinished until, a century later, the civil rights movement successfully challenged the refusal of the southern states to abide fully by those amendments. Still, even that movement could not resolve the fundamental divide. In the 1990s and the first years of the new century, economic globalization took the top spot as the issue that split America into two parts — an A team of the economically successful and a B team of the left behind. At first blush, the election of Donald Trump seemed to represent a victory, at long last, for Team B. Certainly, economics did drive enough voters in the Rust Belt to abandon their traditional allegiance to the Democratic Party to lift him to victory in the electoral college. As his administration got down to work, it became clear that economics only went so far in explaining his victory. Rather, it was again the old issue of whether the federal government had the mandate to implement policies for the entire nation. Those who supported Trump thought not. They didn’t want comprehensive national health care. They were not happy with the way the federal government permitted abortion and same-sex marriage and yet outlawed prayer in school and kept creationism out of the textbooks. They didn’t like the way the government taxed them, regulated them, and kept their cattle off public lands. They didn’t want the government resettling immigrants in their communities. They cared little for affirmative action, feminism, or transgender activism. And they were leery of any restrictions on their access to guns. Trump supporters were not against elites, at least not all elites. After all, they’d just elected a celebrity billionaire who promptly filled his administration with his equally wealthy friends and colleagues. No, they were against the elites they associated with the imposition of federal authority. America B didn’t want to secede territorially from the United States. Rather, it wanted to deconstruct federal power. As a result, the United States pushed the rewind button and, in some sense, went all the way back to 1781. The Trump administration began to undo the ties that bound the country together, and we very quickly became less than the sum of our parts. The so-called red states, unshackled from federal requirements, went their own way. Liberal East Coast and West Coast states, appalled by the hijacking of federal authority for the ultimate purpose of undermining federal authority, tried to hold onto constitutional values as they understood them. It didn’t take long — in fact, the pundits regularly commented on the blinding speed of the process — for the failure of the larger project of integration to become self-evident. By 2022, the United States existed in name only (and an increasingly ironic one at that). The Age of Diminished Expectations Imagine that you are a 16-year-old girl, healthy and happy and looking forward to many decades of love and life. And then, one terrible day, you’re blindsided by a Stage Four cancer diagnosis. You had been measuring the future in decades. Suddenly, those decades disappear, leaving you with possibly only a few years to go. Your parents, once skeptical about vaccinating you as a child, now reject conventional cancer treatments. First, they deny the diagnosis outright. Then they urge you to eat ground-up apricot pits, drink special teas, and go on a high-fat diet. Nothing works, and the years turn into months, and those months into days, as the world closes in. Yes, it’s a real tearjerker, but substitute “human race” for “16-year-old girl” and “climate change” for “cancer” and you’ll see how accurate it is. At the time, though, many people just looked away and shrugged. By that pivotal year of 2016, the world had already received a poor diagnosis. The election of Donald Trump was our way, as a country, of first denying that there was even a problem, then refusing medical treatment, and finally embracing one quack remedy after another. In the aftermath of that election, I struggled with the contraction of time and space, as geologic time shifted into human time, as we all came to terms (or not) with the obvious planetary diagnosis. So, too, did the map of my world shrink. During the first part of my adult life, I imagined myself as part of an international community of scientists. Then I worked at a national level to save my country. Here in Vermont, I’ve ended up confined to quite a small plot of land: our intentional community of Arcadia, which we’ve walled off from an increasingly dangerous and hostile world. Soon enough, I’ll find myself in an even smaller space: an urn in the community’s mausoleum. We’re doing fine here in Arcadia. Climate change has turned northern Vermont into a farming paradise. No federal government interferes with our liberal community guidelines. We have enough guns to defend ourselves against outside aggressors. Everything that has killed the larger community beyond our walls has only made us stronger. Perhaps, like the monasteries of the Middle Ages, communities like ours will preserve knowledge until the distant day when we exit this era of ignorance and pain. Or perhaps, like the graptolites, we’ll fade away and evolution will produce another species without the flawed operating system that doomed us. The graptolites were mute. We humans can speak and write and film ourselves in glorious 3-D. These skills haven’t saved us, but our ability to document our times will perhaps save someone someday somewhere. Everyone prefers a happy ending to a tearjerker. With these documents, these core samples of our era, perhaps we can still, somehow, save the future.
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Review the Customer Service Policies for Carpet One Floor & Home. Carpet One Floor & Home Policies Pricing and Payment for Merchandise We make every attempt to maintain the lowest prices on the items we offer, but price changes do occur, sometimes overnight. As a result, prices on items stored in your Project Portfolio are subject to change until you have actually placed your order through your local store. Prices shown for items on this website's product pages are shown both for merchandise only (Do It Yourself) as well as for installed orders. Pricing shown online may differ from pricing found at participating retail locations and may not be honored at all locations. Please be sure to enter your zip code and add the appropriate item to your Project Portfolio to see your actual total. Tax, delivery or other fees for your order are displayed in your Project Portfolio or Project Calculator based on the items you've included for the estimate. Your contract to purchase an item will not be complete until your transaction is completed at the store. We expressly reserve the right not to accept your order in the case of a pricing error or other technical issues. If you place an order including installation, a store representative will visit your home to review the specifics of your installation. The details of your installation may result in a change to the total of your order. Should this occur, you may choose to cancel your order at that time. Mechanic's Liens: Failure of the contractor to pay those persons supplying material or services to complete this contract can result in the filing of a mechanic's lien on the property, which is the subject of this contract pursuant to law. To avoid this result you may ask this contractor for "Lien Waivers" from all persons supplying material or services for the work described in this contract upon completion of project. In the event of default by the customer under any of the terms and provisions hereof, and should the seller employ an attorney to enforce any provision hereof, or to collect damages for breach of this contract, the customer shall pay to the seller such reasonable attorney's fees as may be expended with respect thereto. In addition, should Buyer breach this Agreement, the seller may charge and collect a restocking fee. Such remedy shall be in addition to all other remedies available to Seller. Buyer and Seller agree that this contract is the complete agreement between the parties and that everything the Buyer expect Cancellations or Modifications to Installation Purchases Federal Right of Rescission and Cancellation Policy: You have the right to void a contract without any penalty within three days as provided in the Consumer Credit Protection Act of 1968. Only Sundays and national holidays are excluded from this time limit. All cancelation requests must be submitted in writing to the store within the specified time limits. Returns of Material Only Purchases Returns: Unused, undamaged merchandise in unopened boxes, purchased from store stock and returned within 48 hours of purchase will receive a full refund. Unused and undamaged merchandise, returned after 48 hours but within 30 days of purchase, will qualify for an in-store credit or exchange and will be subject to a 33% restocking fee. All clearance merchandise, remnants, and merchandise marked "as is" or "Final Sale" are sold without warranty and may not be returned for any reason. The customer must present the original receipt to receive a refund. Credit card transaction refunds will be issued to the original credit card used from the purchase. Cash or check transactions, will be refunded via a corporate check. Please allow 14 days for processing. If the merchandise listed is special ordered or cut from store stock roll, returns and cancellations will not be accepted and no deposits refunded. All special orders must be paid in full, at the time of purchase. Carpet One reserves the right to request identification and to deny any return. You will be responsible for pick-up and re-delivery charges on merchandise exchanges or returns. If you must reschedule any in-home visits, including measurements, please notify your local Carpet One store at least three (3) days before your scheduled visit. If you are not at home for your visit, a re-delivery charge will be assessed. In the interest of full disclosure to you, your local Carpet One store may have said labor performed by an independent contractor. The independent contractor status of the installer will not change the price you pay, nor the quality or extent of any warranties of such labor. Installation of hardwood, laminate, ceramic, and vinyl requires preparation of the subfloor. The costs for this subfloor preparation are not included in the estimate because these costs can only be determined upon site inspection. Additional labor and materials may be required in order to remove of existing flooring, removal and replacement of secondary subflooring, and flashing materials. The final labor quote will be submitted for your approval prior to processing your order. Please plan to be home the entire day your installation is scheduled as we cannot guarantee a specific starting time. Every effort will be made to complete your installation in a timely and professional manner; however, we are not responsible for ancillary or consequential damages or any other expenses, e.g. time lost from work, hotels expenses, meals, inconvenience, etc that may occur from unforeseen delays in materials or installation. Rooms should be cleared in preparation for your merchandise delivery. Please be sure that there is a clear path from the point of entry to your home to the room where your new merchandise will be placed. An elevator must be available for deliveries to the 4th floor and above. We cannot deliver to anyone under the age of 18. COD'S are not accepted on delivery. We do our best to make your delivery successful. However, sometimes problems do occur that are beyond our control. Should you need service, please contact your local Carpet One store, or call Carpet One's Customer Service Department by phone at 800-886-9998. VISIBLE MERCHANDISE DAMAGE OR ANY HOME DAMAGE MUST BE REPORTED TO OUR CUSTOMER SERVICE DEPARTMENT BY PHONE AT 800-450-7595 WITHIN THREE (3) DAYS OF DELIVERY. To insure your installation proceeds smoothly, the following information needs to be reviewed. Your cooperation in meeting our requests will be greatly appreciated and will help us ensure the quality of your installation. Material verification: Please ensure that all materials listed within the contract are accurate including: Plank installation direction Tile installations direction (straight, diagonal, custom pattern, etc.) Jobsite conditions: Hardwood and laminate must be stored in the areas to be installed for a minimum of three days prior to installation. Temperature and humidity must be maintained within manufacturer's specifications during acclimation, installation, and after installation. Failure to maintain proper temperature and humidity may cause permanent damage to flooring for which the Seller can not be held responsible. Installers will need access to electricity during installation. Installer will need access to water during installation (tile & vinyl installation only). Arrival Time: Each installation is custom and some may take longer than others. Therefore it is extremely difficult to determine what time the installers will arrive on the date of installation. Please make arrangements for a responsible adult to be at the jobsite the entire day. Furniture Removal: If the installation includes moving furniture, it is large items only, so please complete the following tasks before the installer arrives: Pick- up Information Customers who pick-up merchandise at a showroom are served on a first-come, first-served basis. Wait times may vary. Merchandise that is picked up will be in cartons and require assembly. Please be sure that the size of your vehicle will accommodate the size of the merchandise to be picked up. Carpet One is not responsible for loading and tie-down of merchandise or the safe transportation of merchandise to your home. Damage that occurs during loading or transit is not covered under the warranty, nor can we accept returns on the merchandise. For concealed damage on merchandise that was picked-up, you must contact your local Carpet One store or our Customer Service Department by phone at 800-886-9998 within three (3) days of the date the merchandise was picked-up. Merchandise to be returned must be received back at the showroom no later than ten (10) days from the date of the original pick-up. Any items returned must be in the original carton. Product Warranty: All floor covering products are covered by either a manufacturer's warranty, a warranty from a fiber company, or both in accordance with the warranty statement provided to buyer. No other warranties, either expressed or implied, including implied warranties of merchantability, are provided. Any warranty offered by the Manufacturer is direct from the Manufacturer and not Carpet One. Your purchase from Carpet One and these terms are governed by the laws of the state of the store in which you purchased your merchandise. General Terms and Conditions In addition to the requirements previously specified the following general terms and conditions apply to each of our limited warranties unless otherwise specified. Material Amounts and Product Color A 2% variance on material widths is within mill tolerances and is agreed to be acceptable within the industry limits. The amount of materials sold is compatible to measurement of floor covering and the material dimensions. Material overage of approximately 10% is required in order to cut, seam, and trim materials. In some instances the amount of padding or underlayment installed may be less. The Seller has taken this variation into full account in establishing pricing. Installation charges are based on the amount of material needed and not on the installed amount. Color match to samples will vary from dye lot to dye lot. Buyer agrees to accept color variances that fall within industry-established ranges. Shading, pooling, water marking, shedding, fluffing or pile crushing do not constitute manufacturing defects. These are inherent characteristics of all pile fabrics. Missing tufts in looped carpet is not a defect and can be remedied by reinserting missing tufts by a qualified technician. Hardwood, cork, and bamboo are natural materials that will have color variations such as variations from heartwood to sapwood, mineral streaks, and variations in the grain. Temperature and humidity must be maintained within manufacturer specifications. Despite every effort to accurately duplicate each product's color when shown on our website, actual colors may vary. Due to computer monitor resolution and color settings, subtle variations in color and surface texture may not be fully revealed when viewing products on our website. We make every attempt to give you a good representation of the available colors for each product available in our stores. For an accurate representation of product appearance, you should view a sample of the product in a store or request a sample of the product (if available) to be sent to your home. The installers DO NOT move, disconnect, or reconnect the following items: gas appliances, icemaker refrigerators, grand pianos, aquariums, waterbeds, grandfather clocks, antiques, breakables, bedding, draperies, or anything that may be very fragile. Dust: Installing new flooring may cause a considerable amount of dust. Please take adequate measures to protect your belongings. The dust cannot be contained to just the areas being installed. Squeaks: The installers cannot repair existing floor squeaks or guarantee that any attempt to do so will be effective. Doors: We assume no responsibility for cutting doors. Installers can remove doors to install flooring, but we are not responsible for replacing doors if the new flooring does not provide adequate clearance. Walls & Baseboards: Even though the installers will take all normal precautions when new flooring is installed, it may be necessary for the customer to touch up the baseboards after installation. The installers will exercise every care possible in removing and reinstalling molding, but we cannot be responsible for breakage because the condition of the molding is beyond our control. If you would like your old molding removed, please tell the installers. If you plan to paint or wallpaper, this should be completed after installation. New applied paint and wallpaper is especially susceptible to damage. Carpet Removal: If you have wall to wall carpeting now, the installers will use your existing tack strip. If it is not reusable the installers will replace it at no charge. Please do not remove existing tack strip but do be sure to remove all staples used to secure cushion and carpet to the subfloor. Seams will be visible (carpet & vinyl only): Where seaming is necessary the carpet/vinyl will be seamed according to the best known method, and the best possible way for the material involved. The visibility of your seams will depending on the type of carpet/vinyl, lighting, and direction of seam. Unless otherwise specifically mentioned on the order in writing, seams will be left to the discretion of the installer. Existing or subfloors not installed by Seller: Installing new hard surface floors without the required sub-floor will void all installation warranties and may affect the manufacturer's warranty as well. Problems arising from underlayment not installed by us or arising from floor structure are not our responsibility and are not covered by the warranties. Unforeseen structural issues: Many structural issues cannot be seen until the old flooring is removed. If the installers find any structural issues during installation such as termite damage or water damaged structural subflooring, the install will be stopped until the Buyer is able to remedy the structural issue. Delivery & Installation: Delivery and installation may be delayed because of reasons beyond the Seller's control such as weather, production delays, shipping delays, fires, accidents, strikes, lock-outs, and governmental acts. Buyer agrees that Seller is not responsible for delays or failures in delivery or installation caused by reasons beyond the Seller's control. Seller is not responsible for any consequential damages or costs arising from the occurrence of any event as described in this paragraph. Payment: All installations must be paid in full prior to beginning installation. If using consumer financing, the financing promotional period will begin when the materials are ordered. Your Privacy and Security We take Your privacy seriously and want Your experience with Carpet One (the "Site" and the "Service" to which You subscribe upon Your agreeing to the Terms of Service and End User License Agreement) to be both satisfying and safe. This Policy sets forth the steps we take to accomplish this result, and we urge You to read it carefully. What this Policy Covers In order for us to properly and efficiently provide our products and services to You, it may be necessary from time to time for us to collect information about You or the equipment or methods You use to visit the Site, or while visiting the site. Although we need this information to better serve You, we understand Your concerns about how this information is used. Accordingly, this Policy explains how we use, and more importantly will NOT use, any personally identifiable information we collect when You visit or utilize the Site. This Policy also covers our treatment of any personally identifiable information that our business partners share with us or that we may collect on or from a business partner's site. What this Policy Does not cover This Policy does not apply to the practices of companies we do not own or control or to people we do not employ or manage. This Policy only addresses the use and disclosure of information we collect from You. To the extent that You disclose any of Your information to any other person or entity, different rules may apply to their use or disclosure of the information You disclose to them. It is important that You understand that we may not, and probably do not, control any website which You may visit through a "link" from the Site, and such other websites may have their own privacy policies that may differ substantially from ours. Also, any third party advertisers who advertise on the Site or through the Site may also adhere to their own privacy policies, which may also be different from ours. When visiting advertisers or any other website or business You reach by "clicking" on a link on the Site, You are subject to the privacy policies of that third party. We encourage You to ask questions before You disclose Your personal information to others. Unless otherwise notified, we will not collect personal health information from You. If in the future we do collect such personal health information, we will do so in compliance with our Personal Health Information Policy, a copy of which will be made available to You. Information Collection and Usage by Us Our primary goal in collecting personal information is to provide You with a smooth, efficient, and customized experience on the Site and throughout our business. We use information collected for the purpose of completing transactions, delivering products, and addressing customer service issues. Any Credit Card Transactions with this Site are handled by third-party financial institutions and their vendors which receive the credit card number and other personal information only to verify the credit card numbers and process transactions. Online payment transactions are handled by an independent third party that receives the account number and other personal information only to verify the account number, the existence of funds, and process the transaction. The information collected and handled by them is subject to their privacy policies, which You should review. We will not knowingly transfer Your personal information to another party except as disclosed in this Policy. 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British television executive Erika Leonard, under the name E.L. James, under the name Snowqueens Icedragon, wrote a trilogy of Twilight fan fiction novels titled Master of the Universe which, contrary to expectations, does not re-imagine He-Man as a Sparklepire. Instead, it re-imagines the characters of Bella, Edward, and Jacob in a non-supernatural, adult setting where all the sex they never had has now been replaced with full on jiggies that are gotten with, as well as experimentations in the BDSM realm. If I’m mistaken on any of that setup, again, this is just what I’ve heard, and I’ll be proven correct or in- over the next few weeks. Leonard James Icedragon put a strike through the Icedragon and settled on James as her nom de plum when she decided to change the names of the lead characters and turn her Twilight AU fic into a piece of published “original” fiction, now known as Fifty Shades of Grey. Much controversy arose. Is this legal? Well, she hasn’t been sued yet, and I hesitate to comment due to some schooling I received recently on fanfic legality. Is this ethical? Well, that’s the question, and I guess it all rests on how ethical you think most publishing in general is. Argument: She took something that was previously/is still available on the internet for free and now charges people to read a bound version of it. Well, yes, but people are publishing their blogs all the time these days. Mark Does Stuff and Cleolinda Jones’ Movies in Fifteen Minutes are fine examples. Here at Made of Fail, we have season one of our Deconstructiong Moya: A Farscape Rewatch available for the Kindle for $1.99. Argument: But it’s based on someone else’s characters. Surely this is plagiarism. Yes and no. If James had tried to publish it with the names Bella, Edward, and Jacob, she’d likely have about as much luck as LadySybilla had trying to get Russet Noon out there. By changing the elements that came from Twilight, she’s turned it into little more than the typical derivative work that already floods the market, which I’m not knocking, because for every poor regurgitation like Eragon, you get something good like Star Wars, or the films of Quentin Tarantino. Derivative is in itself not a bad thing and doesn’t prevent something from being original in the way it presents its derivations, since TV movies are really popular and people always like to watch TV and even install a tv corner wall mount on their rooms to watch TV from bed as well. As to Fifty Shades of Grey, I hear it’s a highly revisionist take of Twilight with more parallel allusions than it has actual connections. I have read the Twilight books, so this level of connectivity is something I look forward to exploring over the course of this project. Argument: Leonard was just manipulating Twihards in the first place by taking a largely original work and tying it to Twilight just so she could win herself a pre-existing audience. Welcome to marketing. When Twilight came out, what came out with it? A flood of derivative works trying to play off the existing Twihard fanbase. This is unethical but that isn’t? No, that’s targeting a market. As long as the work is ultimately good and people like it, no, fans haven’t been tricked. They liked something and someone said “this is similar, give it a try”. If it’s something that legitimately appeals to them, bam, you just exposed a group to something new (relatively speaking). If it doesn’t appeal to them, they’ll spread the word amongst their peers and move on. Is this manipulation? Yes. But it’s acceptable manipulation and common manipulation, and to say it represents a new low in how books are sold is very naive. And it’s worth noting than neither Icedragon James Leonard nor her publishers have ever shied away from admitting the books’ fan fiction origins. So if Twilight fans felt dissatisfied or tricked, why did they stick with the fanfic as chapter after chapter were released over the course of three volumes? Why did they buy copies once the names had changed and it had been published? Why did they follow it to a new publisher and spread the word and help drum up the interest that’s made the book a best-seller? In this case, the Twihards are hardly a blind flock that’s been swindled. If you want to debate this in the comments, I’d be happy to hear further arguments, but now it’s time for me to get to the book itself. Before we move on, however, I want to thank Ceilidh from The Book Lantern and The Sparkle Project for providing me with copies of the series. For this installment, I’m working off the version of Fifty Shades of Grey published by The Writer’s Coffee Shop in 2011. If anyone is aware of any significant differences between this and the 2012 release by Vintage Books, let me know. Additionally, if anyone knows of significant differences – aside from names – between this and the original Master of the Universe, I’d love to find out. The book takes place in Seattle. Right off the bat, a surviving Twilight connection. For shame! Our lead is named Anastasia Steele. Give me a moment to recover from much laughter. Yes, Anastasia Steele. I don’t know about you, but when I see the name Anastasia Steele, I either think of a steampunk wizard setting out to defeat the Snowqueen’s Icedragon in the first volume of her series, or Arnold Schwarzenegger in an 80s buddy action movie where his handler (James Woods) tells him about a missing Russian heir he kinda resembles and, after much shooting, one-liners, and bro high fives as they take out the arms dealer, it turns out YAY HE IS THE RUSSIAN HEIR and we all rejoice to a pop song you’ll never hear again as Arnie takes in a beer and a cigar while barking out laughter at a stripper who finally found the man of her dreams. Anastasia Steele, starring Arnold Schwarzenegger. I dare somebody to photoshop a poster for me. Anywho, Anastasia Steele (she mostly goes by Ana, but you can imagine the joy I feel typing out Anastasia Steele in full) is just your average girl-next-door college student with attractive features she’s ashamed of (“blue eyes too big for her face”, which I guess is “James” pandering to manga and anime fans, who hold up their hentai and dismiss her with a laugh), hair that just won’t cooperate with her brush in the morning, and a constant struggle with clumsiness. Yes, clumsiness. A surviving Twilight connection. For shame! Actually, I have to give “James” points on this one. The clumsiness of Bella was nothing. It was tagged on at random points to try to give her a bit of personality, but felt hollow and completely at odds with how Bella acted and was received by others. In this first chapter, Ana’s clumsiness is actually quite charming and genuinely well integrated into her persona. It’s an extension of her constantly rushing into things before yanking back and second guessing herself, something that she demonstrates throughout the entirety of the sequence we’ll get to below. Also, her stumbles and fumbles are well timed and quite funny. But we’re getting ahead of ourselves! Ana’s roommate, Katherine Kavanagh (“James” needs help naming people… seriously) is a writer for the campus newspaper and finally scored a prized interview with the “enigmatic CEO of Grey Enterprises Holdings Inc.”, a manufacturing giant whose head is a benefactor of the University and will be presenting diplomas that year. Unfortunately, Kate is all kinds of sick at the moment. Even though she still looks “gamine and gorgeous”. Wait, “gamine”? What the hell does “gamine” mean? “A gamine is a slim, often boyish, wide-eyed young woman who is, or is perceived to be, mischievous, teasing or sexually appealing.” That’s new to me, but okay. Due to Kate being sick, Ana decides to go and do the interview in Kate’s place. And, no, before you wonder, there’s no mistaken identity hijinks like I briefly expected there to be. Everyone she encounters at this massive company is perfectly fine with one person showing up for someone else’s appointment, without anything in the way of background checks or confirmation calls. Sure, fine, whatever, move on in. After being stunned by the office building and view, and noting how all of the beautiful blond female employees look like Stepford Wives – except for that black man who is neither blond nor female – Ana walks into the office for her interview and falls flat on her face. And then we meet the Edward Cullen of this book: Christian Grey. And, yes, he’s a stunningly beautiful man with eyes that match his last name, who Ana is shocked to see is closer to her own age than the older executive she was expecting to meet. And, no, there’s not much Twilight here. He doesn’t have any of the visible hunger issues of Edward, doesn’t go all weird when her smell walks into the room. He’s a laid back coil of control, constantly staring at her over steepled hands and alternating between flat, steely expressions and cold smiles. Here’s where I give this book another point: there is no love at first sight. There might be on the side of Grey, but he’s so impossible to read it’s anyone’s guess. On Ana’s, she notes his attractiveness, but her focus never wavers from his arrogance and she repeatedly thinks of him as a control freak. Hell, she says it to his face. And she’s not wrong, as Grey reads like some watered down, romanticized John Galt wanna be, spouting off about the power he’s amassed through his own hard work and genius. He’s the kind of guy who refuses to give up total ownership of his company because that means a board he has to answer to, who lives by Carnegie’s philosophy “A man who acquires the ability to take full possession of his own mind may take possession of anything else to which he is justly entitled.” Which is going to be interesting to explore as this book goes along, because what are the boundaries of “justly entitled”? There’s a lot of rational wiggle room around this phrase that can lead someone in power like this to “justify” their entitlement over just about anything. This is raising a little red flag, but I’ll wait and see. Even though he quickly follows it up by saying, yes, he likes possessing things, but wants to deserve to possess them. Hmmm. Ana is allured by this man, but again, I stress how impressed I am that it’s not “love at first sight”. She’s bothered by him, by the way he carries himself, the way he talks, the way he turns the interview around on her. She’s already flustered because she’s out of her element both in terms of doing an interview and being in a place like this, and all he does is increase her discomfort. And that’s the key word: discomfort. She’s not comfortable here. Not in a “stranger danger, mace the dude and run” type of way, but in terms of just being weirded out. Even as she’s leaving near the end, she notes his attractiveness once more, but labels it a distraction and once again focuses on her misgivings over his ego and entitlement. She has the animal urge that says “he pretty”, yes, but it’s subdued as her rational mind recognizes that urge for what it is and compartmentalizes it away so she can keep focusing on the issue at hand. We’re only one chapter in and I like this character. Unlike Bella, we aren’t opening with an air of undeserved focus and importance. As I mentioned above, she has a deeper personality tie to clumsiness, that of instinct followed by second guessing, which was just demonstrated again by her animal mind followed by rational mind. Throughout the interview, she goes off the scripted questions and starts challenging Christian on issues like his philanthropy, his philosophy, his adoption (a surviving Twilight connection – for shame!), second guessing herself, but not before the questions are out there. And this actually has an effect in that she has a bluntness that cuts through the bullshit, followed by an intellectual examination of the results it brings. It’s really quite a lot of fun to read, and I doubt it was unintentional on the part of “James”, because it’s consistent throughout the chapter. Whether it remains consistent throughout the book is another matter, but we’ll get there when we get there. Near the end of the chapter, Christian goes from weird to a little creepy when he suddenly starts trying to sell Ana on interning for him. You know, like those blonds she noted outside, one of whom frowned at another who didn’t offer up refreshments in an oddly tense scene that you just know is going to have heaps of back room drama behind it. He then cancels a meeting to prolong their interview, but Ana finally wants out and bids him farewell. Christian isn’t done with her, yet, though. No, he doesn’t let her get her jacket or ask his secretary to get her jacket, he asks his secretary to get the jacket and give it to him so he himself can place it on Ana, ending with his hands resting on her shoulders. Bad touch! No! And is Ana finally won over by this? No! She literally thinks “I really need to get out of here,” finding mercy when the elevators close on his blazing stare. This dude is fucking creepy, and lo and behold, we have a protagonist who feels the same way. Please, please don’t screw this up. So yes, I’m kinda liking this. It’s a nice opening chapter that gets a lot of setup out of the way and clearly establishes our leads. One is a surprisingly well executed woman who has endearing flaws and a good head on her shoulders that lets her recognize that the other is a complete creepwad. Which, of course, is why the book is about her falling in love with him. D’oh! Seriously, though, I’ll wait and see how they get there and judge it accordingly, but I have no issues with the introductions. The first person present tense prose isn’t great, but neither is it poor, and despite a few clunky lines here and there – mostly transitions and descriptions, the occasional exchange – it flows pretty well and the interview scene especially succeeded in drawing me into things. I’m curious to see how this plays out. But, wow, those names. I swear, Christian Grey sounds like it should be the inhabitant of a born-again UFO. *sigh* Well, so much for that. Let me get a few things out of the way before elaborating that point. This chapter expands on the broader points of Ana’s life, and the parallels to Twilight are a little more blatant. - Bella’s mom is a bit flighty, but means well, and lives in Arizona with her second husband. - Ana’s mom is a bit flighty, but means well, and lives in Georgia with her third husband. - Bella’s father, a cop, loves his daughter, but doesn’t connect with her very much, speaks in hesitant grunts, and spends his free time fishing or watching sports on tv. - Ana’s step-father (husband number two), a carpenter, loves his daughter, but doesn’t connect with her very much, speaks in hesitant grunts, and spends his free time fishing or watching sports on tv. - Bella reads very well known and obvious classical literature. - Ana reads classical British literature. - Bella has a part time job in a fishing and hunting store, selling things she has no interest in. - Ana has a part time job in a home improvement and construction store, selling things she has no interest in. - Bella bites her lip. - Ana bites her lip. Oh, and Jacob finally shows up. Jose, a Hispanic photographer, is a little different from the Native American mechanic in that he’s already an old friend of Ana, but he’s otherwise totally Jacob in that his dad and her step-dad are old buddies, and he’s long been the “friend who wants something deeper” who just keeps refusing to take the hint that she’s not interested. Thankfully, his portrayal is that of pre-fursplosion Jacob, before the most charming character in Stephanie Meyer’s series went the total raging d-bag route. Anyways, he’s all chummy and a gallery is going to be displaying some of his photos later, so either we’ll be there or Ana will miss out in a “creating drama” type of way. We’ll see. Oh, and Katherine, poor sick Katherine, is ecstatic about all the interview material because this is going to be her last issue of the college magazine before she graduates. So yay. But her observations on the recording lead us to the turn I’m experiencing. Okay, so Ana still totally has that rational mind telling her Christian Grey is a creepy, bizarre, arrogant control freak, but the instinct side of her is completely turned on. That little voice that kept whispering “he pretty” in the first chapter has now becoming a massive musical number of teenage girls giddily gossipping about how Hugo pinned Kim. It’s brushed off at first as her merely being “fascinated” by him, but she’s in total swoon mode and hating herself for it. In the last chapter, she wanted to get the hell out of there, and now she’s lost in his dreaminess before her rational mind hits her with a baseball bat and she moves on. But, hey, she’ll never have to see him again, so it’s not a – And then he shows up at her job. Yes, just spontaneously appears before her at the home improvement and construction store, says he’s in the area, and proceeds to toy with her and her fumbling and Jell-O like legs as he purchases plastic ties, rope, and duct tape. Gee, I wonder what those will be used for later. Seriously, she is seconds away from swooning at every line he delivers which, yeah he’s pretty, feels ridiculous because his entire manner screamed that of a certain someone. His lean frame. His thin fingers tapping on his chin in thought or softly reaching for her. His blazing glare. His stiff frowns and smiles. The way every line oozes out of him as either a manipulation or a challenge. I dare you, I dare all of you, to read this encounter between Christian and Anastasia and not imagine him as this: I mean, sure, Christian is described as significantly handsomer than the sorcerer destined for an itty-bitty living space, but the attitude, the mannerisms, the voice are so totally there. I’m suddenly terrified that, instead of imagining RPatz in the upcoming sexual encounters, the face you see above will instead be the one filling my mind’s eye as the voice that comes with it slithers out dirty talk and moans. And that rational part of Ana’s mind, which kept her sane and grounded and made her so likeable in the first chapter? It’s packed its suitcases and run home to mama, because the last paragraph opens with: Okay – I like him. There, I’ve admitted it to myself. I cannot hide from my feelings anymore. I’ve never felt like this before. I find him attractive, very attractive. Instead of focusing on why the hell he suddenly showed up at her place out of the blue, why he bought such a “random” group of items, why he keeps teasing and pressing her obviously vulnerable emotions, nope, that rational side just throws its hands in the air and says to the animal side “You want him? Go for it.” A couple other things worth mentioning before we close out this chapter. First, we have our Mike Newton! Whoo! The lovable lunkhead that haplessed millions of hearts in the Twilight books is now represented by Paul Clayton, whose older brother owns the store. He’s obviously attached to Ana, wrapping her in a big hug and spending the rest of his scene with an arm drapped around her, but he’s been gussied up to a dashing man home from studying at Princeton. Take that Mike Newton! Paul and Christian instantly get along, meaning they tensely shake hands while sizing one another up. Then Paul disappears and I’m doubting we’ll have a parallel to him getting sick while seeing Face Punch. Secondly, one thing Kate forgot to ask for with her article on Christian was an original photo. Well, guess who’s free to have his picture taken the next day. And guess who’s just been established as having a friend and wanna-be lover who’s a photographer. Those are some sparks promising to fly. I’m conflicted. I quite dug the first chapter, but Ana lost me in the second and I can’t get over the ridiculous portrayal of Christian Grey. It’s not awful, not yet at least, and I’ll wait and see how it goes. I’ll say this, though: I’m enjoying Ana as a person more than I ever did Bella. She’s more interesting, more real. She already feel defined instead of a blank waiting for Edward to define her. I’ve got to give it that for the moment, but again, we’ll see.
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If available, we utilize user data from the chat functions to answer your questions. We use the collected customer data to contact the user and provide the information and offers which have been requested. Based on the legitimate interest to use our site, social networks may send us anonymous statistics, such as on These statistics are used to continuously improve our online content and to better serve our users’ interests. We are not able to link the statistical data with the profiles of our fans or individual users. You can use your account settings on social networks to decide what type of targeted advertising you would like displayed to you. Alongside Facebook, we are responsible for operating the Facebook fan page in accordance with data protection law. The data controller in Europe is Facebook Ireland Ltd., 4 Grand Canal Square, Grand Canal Harbour, Dublin 2, Ireland. Shared responsibility is outlined on Facebook’s page "Information about Page Insights" which is available at https://www.facebook.com/legal/terms/page_controller_addendum. Further information on the processing of Page Insights data is provided at https://www.facebook.com/legal/terms/information_about_page_insights_data. Under certain circumstances, data may be processed outside Europe by Facebook Inc., 1601 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. Alongside LinkedIn we are responsible operating the company page on LinkedIn in accordance with data protection law. The data controller in Europe is LinkedIn Ireland Unlimited Company, Wilton Place, Dublin 2, Ireland. Shared responsibility is outlined on the “Page Insights Joint Controller Addendum” which is available at : https://legal.linkedin.com/pages-joint-controller-addendum. Under certain circumstances, data may be processed outside Europe by LinkedIn Corporation, 1000 W Maude, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA. Version: September 2022
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The West: Its Legacy and Possible Future Mark Wegierski considers unfolding developments in America, Europe and the Middle East The following essay is a 2015 iteration of the draft of a presentation read at the 2012 Telos in Europe L’Aquila Conference — The West: Its Legacy and Future (L’Aquila, Italy), September 7-9, 2012 This piece of philosophical and speculative writing is an attempt to distill and synthesize over three decades of study and reading in political and social philosophy, and especially such major articles and books as Benjamin J. Barber’s Jihad vs. McWorld, Samuel P. Huntington’s The Clash of Civilizations, and Francis Fukuyama’s The End of History – all of which have attempted to give a definitive explanation of various facets of the so-called world-historical crisis. (The term world-historical has been used in particular by Oswald Spengler, in his monumental work, Decline of the West, as well as by Hegel.) Especially since the 1960s, there have appeared a series of important articles and books that have attempted grand summations of the seemingly near-permanent crisis into which both the West and non-West have been plunged. The delineation of a West and non-West has been established as a result of centuries of highly differing political history, traditions, and culture, in the Western and non-Western societies. One of the main differences between the West and non-West has been the Western emphasis on freedom and the individual. In the 1960s, it could be argued that certain notions of radical freedom and individual autonomy that had germinated for several prior decades, reached the point of revolutionary explosion. In the aftermath of the 1960s, long-established notions of various traditions have been severely questioned, and both Western and non-Western societies have been thrown into almost continual social, cultural, and political turmoil. Nevertheless, much of this conflict can be explained in terms of a dynamic interplay of classical political theory notions of freedom, order, and security. Planet-wide cultural struggles over definitions of freedom, order, and security will determine the shape of the future. Issues of balancing freedom, order, and security in society have clearly been given a higher profile because of the elevation of Western political philosophy in the world. Outside the West, many empires, kingdoms, nations, and peoples have been content to live for centuries in societies that mainly offered order, without much of what is today defined as freedom. This indifference for many centuries to what Westerners have considered natural notions of freedom is quite striking. It is something which is today quite difficult to comprehend, especially for Western people. Also, some thinkers of current-day non-Western societies find it difficult to account for this seeming indifference to freedom, and have elaborated various rhetorical approaches to explain or minimize it. Even as the planet today possibly moves towards a post-Western, globalized world, the urgency for personal freedom in many countries of the world can be partially traced to the impatience with traditional arrangements which has characterized many Western thinkers and societies. One also sees situations (as in Islamic societies) where a revolt against authoritarianism may in fact be driven by forces that are inimical to most notions of freedom, possibly actually desiring, at their most ambitious, Islamist totalitarianism. Perhaps this is reminiscent of the situation where the Bolsheviks fiercely agitated against authoritarian Tsarism, but eventually replaced it by a far more murderous totalitarianism (after a relatively brief transition period of liberal democracy under Kerensky). Let us look at a number of definitions of freedom. The most conventional definition of freedom is doing precisely what one wants to do (presumably as long as one does not harm others). Freedom, to many people today, is defined in terms of personal and sexual freedoms, i.e., listening to whatever music one wants, indulging in whatever tastes one wants, and living whatever lifestyle one wants, without reference to received traditions of religion, nation, or history – or, on the other hand, to various politically-correct guidelines, for example, against sexism. Conservative and some classical liberal thinkers have defined freedom in terms of persons aspiring to a more reflective existence, based on at least some study of the so-called liberal arts (philosophy, literature, classics, and history), which would allow people to live a more rounded, worthwhile life, and to exercise the full obligations of citizenship. According to this view, people have to be aware of the literature, history, and politics of their nation, in order to be able to meaningfully participate in its political life. Freedom is defined as the responsible exercise of one’s civic duties (being aware of politics, frequently engaging in responsible political debate, voting in elections based on very responsible assessments of the candidates, possibly standing for office, doing one’s jury duty if one is called to do so). Freedom defined in this way is considered supportive to notions of security, social order and virtue. The third type of freedom is that defined by many left-wing thinkers today. While it offers a lot of personal lifestyle freedom, it also establishes very strong guidelines against various public behaviors and expressions considered impermissible and punishable by law or by social and professional ostracism. It also usually believes that one’s personal freedom is to a large extent dependent on one’s economic status – so a society where there are large disparities between rich and poor is criticized, as limiting the freedom of the poor. It is often claimed that economic democracy (i.e., a more equitable distribution of economic goods in society) is more important than political democracy (such as the right to vote – which is often not exercised). Left-wing thinkers encourage the obtaining of knowledge about politics and society, especially among those who are not economically privileged, and claim to embrace the idea of widespread political participation. The fourth main type of freedom is that as defined by libertarian or capitalist thinkers. They believe to a large extent in freedoms defined as personal and sexual freedoms. At the same time, however, they wish to free individuals from almost all government taxation and regulation. Libertarians believe in political participation (if one voluntarily chooses do it), and if it is directed towards creating an ever-smaller state. Libertarians seem to combine aspects that could be conventionally seen as ultra-conservative, and as ultra-liberal. A fifth definition of freedom, which may seem self-contradictory, is that claimed, for example, by Islam and other forms of traditional religious expression – submission to the will of God is the highest freedom. Within many Western societies today, one sees the triumph of polymorphous sexual and lifestyle choices, along with the strengthening of various types of left-wing political-correctness, especially in academic life. However, despite the strengthening of the left, there are also marked advances in corporate capitalism. Corporations are growing ever-larger and more powerful, society is becoming consumption- and brand-driven, and an ever-smaller proportion of the population is controlling an ever-larger share of the economic wealth. The current-day system of most Western societies has been described by some as the managerial-therapeutic regime. It is said to be constituted by a therapeutic Left of state administrators, and a managerial Right of the trans-national corporations – both of which are said to be remote from more genuine notions of both Left and Right. The condition of many Western societies today has also been characterized by some critics as decadence or decay. However, these critics — who stretch across various political outlooks — are often attacking the West from different angles, and criticizing it for different things. The condition of the West today has introduced great strains and difficulties in the relations between West and non-West on the planet today. For example, North American (U.S. and Canadian) and Western European pop-culture is being spread around the globe, and is bringing what is considered moral decay into many non-Western societies, notably the Islamic ones. At the same time, the virtually open borders of the West mean that there is a huge influx of non-Western peoples into the West. Concurrently, the birthrates in Western countries have plummeted owing to the primacy of sexual and personal freedom and lifestyle choices in many of those societies. This combination of factors could introduce great stresses into Western societies. The events of “9/11” have brought into focus the fact that there is a significant group of persons implacably opposed to what the West currently represents. Almost for the first time in its history, America was savagely struck at its very heart, in what was immediately, and correctly, called a war. In subsequent years, jihadist attacks have occurred in various Western countries, notably, Great Britain, Spain, Canada in October 2014, and France in January 2015. The events of “9/11” also highlight certain issues of security today. With the spread of technology around the planet, almost any faction with a grievance can command the resources that can do enormous damage. If a faction is fanatical enough, it will consider the use of biological or nuclear weapons as entirely justified. If they could obtain biological or nuclear weapons, they would probably not hesitate in using them. Some argue that so-called root-causes such as poverty, or the dispossession of the Palestinian people, are the real reasons for this anti-Western extremism. Actually, many of the jihadis have come from comparative and sometimes even great affluence, which has only fed their sense of grievance. And the total destruction of Israel would only be one stage towards achieving ambitions that are, in the jihadist rhetoric, globally encompassing. Israel today, despite its massive armed forces, is in an increasingly intractable position. Any concessions it makes are likely to only increase the contempt in which it is held among many Palestinians, among many others in the Middle East, and among a considerable number of Muslims worldwide. At the same time, Israel – although increasingly characterized by some in the Western media as a blowhard regime — is temperamentally unwilling to undertake some truly draconian, punitive measures, and Western opinion is highly unlikely to allow it to do so. What would be the world’s reaction if terrorists managed to detonate a nuclear bomb in Tel-Aviv? What would Israel’s reaction be? Given the rhetoric emanating from some quarters of the Iranian leadership, Israel is certainly right to be concerned about the Iranian nuclear program. The West has entered the so-called war against terrorism with various advantages and disadvantages. For example, the superb space-based and electronic technology of the West allows for fairly tight monitoring of much of the planet’s surface, and of electronic communications planet-wide. Its electronically-based weaponry makes it highly likely that it can soundly defeat any conventional army in the field. However, many of the ideas prevalent in the West today tend to inhibit a successful prosecution of the war. The Western military effort is clearly hampered by the often debilitating impact of high casualties on the morale of the home societies (a situation much different from that of, for example, World War II), as well as by the imperative of not doing anything that would appear to be contrary to the rules of civilized war. The enemies of the West, in contrast, can act with total ruthlessness and callous disregard for lives (including their own), which could to some extent compensate for their lack of advanced technology. Many consider the take-down of Saddam Hussein’s Iraq a disastrous misdeployment of Western strength, resulting in a veritable Sicilian Expedition. Getting bogged down in Afghanistan, chasing such chimeras as “democracy” – as opposed to launching a short, sharp punitive expedition – may be seen as maladroit. Some have argued that we are seeing the emergence of what has been called Fourth Generation War – which conventional Western armies are not adept in fighting. It has also been suggested that there now exists a situation somewhat analogous to that of the Roman Empire, where a tremendously wealthy and comparatively populous America is able to enroll only a comparatively small percentage of its population in the military, whereas in some other societies such as Afghanistan, virtually every capable male from the age of sixteen up to very old age, is a warrior. The upshot is that even minor support for extremist factions in such societies may translate into considerable numbers of armed fighters. It should also be noted that the ratio of extremist Muslims to the general Muslim populations, is certainly comparable to the ratio of Bolsheviks in Tsarist Russia – and we should well remember what that tiny, fanatical faction was able to accomplish, when the circumstances turned in their favor. And America’s military is itself gargantuan in size, compared to the armed forces of Canada, or those of some Western European countries. Nevertheless, Canada, as a Western “middle power” may have a helpful role to play in the struggle, especially as America since 2009 has had a President who is widely perceived as being somewhat ambivalent about the threat posed to the West. There are also many intrinsic aspects of Western societies today that may weaken them in regard to preventing possible terrorist attacks. Large sectors of Western societies are highly critical of the West — from a multiculturalist direction — as well as very strongly concerned about possible human rights and privacy abuses in the prosecution of the war against terror. The West also has fairly open borders, and large immigrant populations in which the terrorists can blend. However, it is unlikely that there could be the imposition of very tight border controls, immigration-restriction, or what would be viewed as a massive curtailment of the civil liberties of immigrant populations, in the West today. Although the societal and security contexts may be considerably different – with differing strengths and weaknesses — the West as a whole faces a dilemma similar to that faced by Israel. Arguably one way for the current-day West to become more secure in the world would be an ever-accelerating process of cultural globalization. It is anticipated that non-Western societies will become increasingly like the West today. That is, they will increasingly exalt sexual and personal freedom. Their birthrates are likely to decline, they will become increasingly prosperous and consumerist, and North American and Western European pop-culture will become the global culture. However, a strong U.S. military will almost certainly have to be maintained for a considerable time, to deal with the possible final backlashes of traditional societies that are being assimilated to the global culture. There is also the issue that some societies, for example, in sub-Saharan Africa, face such great obstacles today that they might never be able to become prosperous and consumerist. Another truly momentous question is whether the extension of the consumer society and consumer habits will result in the destruction of the ecosphere. While on the one hand, population is expected to decline as a result of consumerism, the populations of Third World countries are already comparatively high, and the shift in consumption-styles from those typical of Third World countries, to those typical of richer Americans, will place an even greater stress on the environment. The main alternative to the universal globalization model would probably be some kind of conservative restoration in the West (or significant parts thereof). In regard to security issues, this would allow the West to defend itself more vigorously, sometimes with punitive and draconian methods – but at the same time to disengage from many global democratizing projects. Such a restoration would also presumably curtail the global reach and lifestyle extremes of North American pop-culture. It may appear ironic, but a more truly conservative America might well be a far less aggressively imperialist and war-making America. In such a scenario, most non-Western societies could probably better maintain their cultural distinctiveness, but the planet could resemble a series of armed camps, as these civilizations would be likely to clash. The renewed self-confidence, and willingness to exercise its power, including technological power, of the West, would presumably shield it from the dangers posed by rival power blocs. However, conflict between the various camps need not take the form of full-blown hot wars. Indeed, among the capabilities afforded by technology today is that conflict need not take the shape of full-blown hot wars but of trade blockades, cyberwar, and drone strikes. Nevertheless, there would possibly be a series of cold wars and/or peripheral skirmishes. While these neo-traditionalist Western societies would certainly claim to properly balance freedom, order, and security, they would doubtless be considered as highly repressive by left-wingers and libertarians. There would be far less freedom of sexual and personal lifestyles. In Hegelian terms, the neo-traditionalist societies could see themselves as a proper synthesis of premodernity (the Affirmation) and modernity (the Negation) – that is, as the Negation of the Negation (i.e., as the true Synthesis). The inability to significantly challenge and overcome current-day late modernity would be seen as resulting in the Negation extended to ever greater extremes – a short-circuiting of real human progress. The so-called global-culture society, on the other hand, would probably be characterized by various combinations of extreme sexual lifestyle freedom, left-wing political-correctness, and capitalism. It is difficult to see if any one of those tendencies would ever gain a global ascendancy. This kind of society could be seen as an ever-shifting kaleidoscope, as various ad hoc accommodations and coalitions between these three main outlooks would occur. As the global-culture society was getting underway, there would be a period of extreme danger with a possible final backlash from some traditional societies. Thereafter, the primary dangers to security in most of the global-culture society would likely be internal, such as those arising from violent crime and economic disturbances in a society with few stable anchors. Among the forms these economic disturbances could take would be: the overstretch of the welfare-state, which would in the end probably entail massive cuts to entitlements; declining living standards in advanced economies because of competition from the less-developed world; a presumably transitory period of extreme exploitation of cheap labor in the less-developed world; possible business malfeasances such as those seen in the recent financial crisis (where very risky mortgages were packaged as high-grade investments and passed onto financial institutions outside the U.S.); ever-increasing numbers of various fraudulent or semi-fraudulent money-making scams — a society-wide collapse of trust; and the tendency of people to define their lives by their consumption habits, abandoning thrift, and falling into massive debts. A global-culture society would be extremely unsettled, hyper-modern, and in many ways vulgar and coarse. And, while organized warfare between countries might disappear, violence arising from organized crime, or between ethnic and cultural groups, or simply between individuals, might intensify. The global-culture society — which is far from being the utopia some might imagine it as – looks to be the more likely outcome, from the current vantage-point. According to its critics, that society might in the more distant future come to resemble the dystopian settings seen in such movies as Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner (loosely based on Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?) — the “gritty” variant; or in Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World — the more “antiseptic” variant. Mark Wegierski is a Toronto-based writer and historical researcher
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Member membership clause 1. Our Purpose These Terms and Conditions are intended to define the rights of the site and the user, obligations and responsibilities regarding the use of the internet related service (the "Service") provided by www.thelord.or.kr ("The Lord's Church Home") operated by the Lord's Church. 1) "The Lord's Church Home" is www.thelord.or.kr website that The Lord's Church built using information and communication facilities such as computers to provide Internet related services to users. 2) "User" means a member or nonmember who accesses “The Lord's Church home" and receives services provided by "The Lord's Church Home" in accordance with these terms and conditions. 3) "Membership" means a person who has registered members by providing personal information in “The Lord's Church Home". It is a person who is continually provided with the information of “The Lord's Church Home" and who can continue to use the services provided by "The Lord's Church Home". 4) "Non-member" means a person who does not subscribe to a member but uses the services provided by "The Lord's Church Home". 5) The definition of terms other than the above shall be defined by the relevant laws and ordinances of The Lord's Church. 3. Specification and Revision of the Terms 1) "The Lord's Church Home" may amend these Terms and Conditions within the scope not inconsistent with the Telecommunications Business Act and other relevant laws and regulations of the Republic of Korea. 2) If the "The Lord’s Church Home" amends these terms, the date of application and reasons for revision shall be specified and posted on the initial screen of "The Lord’s Church Home" from 7 days before the application date to the day before the application date. 3) If the "The Lord’s Church Home" amends these terms, the amendment shall also apply to the user who has been a member before the amendment, provided that the amended provisions do not contravene the relevant statute. 4) The matters not set forth in these Terms and Conditions and the interpretation of these Terms and Conditions shall be governed by the relevant laws and regulations established by the Government. 4. Contents of Service "The Lord's Church Home" provides the following services: 1) Administrative services 2) Community services 3) Contents services 4) Any other services defined or developed by the "The Lord’s Church Home" 5. Service Interruption 1) "The Lord's Church Home" may temporarily stop providing services in the event of website maintenance or server unavailability. ] 2) In the event of a service interruption, the "The Lord’s Church Home" shall notify to the user in the manner set forth in “8. Notice to Members.” 6. Sign Up The user submits the membership information according to the subscription form set forth in "The Lord’s Church Home" and subscribes for membership by expressing his/her intention to agree to these terms. "The Lord’s Church Home" allows members to register as long as they do not fall under any of the following categories: 1) If the applicant has lost his or her previous membership status pursuant to article 7-3) of this Agreement (However, except for those who have passed three years after the loss of membership and have obtained the approval of member re-entry of "The Lord’s Church Home.") 2) If there is false, missing, or missing entries in the registration 3) If it is recognized that there is a clear possibility of violating the social order and the moral right based on the relevant laws and regulations The establishment of the membership contract shall be made when the consent of the "The Lord’s Church Home" reaches the member, and if there is a change in the registration details, the member must notify the change of the “The Lord’s Church Home" immediately by e-mail or other means. 7. Withdrawal of Membership and Loss of Qualification Members may request to unsubscribe at any time through the e-mail or the Edit Member Information link in the "The Lord’s Church Home" and the "The Lord’s Church Home" will immediately process the membership withdrawal. If a member falls under any of the following grounds, “The Lord’s Church Home" may limit and suspend membership: 1) If you register false information at the time of application 2) If you interfere with another person's use of "The Lord’s Church Home" or threatens the order of operation of the site, such as stealing the information 3) If you use “The Lord’s Church Home" to act against the statute or this agreement or against the public good 4) Unauthorized use of another person's ID and password 5) If you distribute computer virus programs within “The Lord's Church Home" 6) If you violate the intellectual property rights of “The Lord's Church Home" and its members and third parties, and refuse to correct 8. Notice to Members 1) "The Lord's Church Home" can send a notice about a member to an e-mail address that he/she submits to "The Lord's Church Home." 2) "The Lord's Church Home" can substitute for individual notices by posting on “The Lord’s Church Home" bulletin board for more than a week, when notifying the unspecified number of members. 9. Establishment of Service Use Contract 1) If you check 'Membership Agreement' on the Sign Up page, you agree to the Terms and Conditions of www.thelord.or.kr. 2) The consent of "The Lord's Church Home" shall be deemed to have been established at the time when the consent of The Lord's church home was reached to the user in the form of receipt confirmation notice in “14. Receipt notification.” 10. Application for Service Use 1) You can make a request by submitting the requirements in the online form provided in "The Lord's Church Home". 2) All data on the online form will be considered actual data, and if you misrepresent or omit the input, you will not be legally protected and may not receive normal service. 3) "The Lord’s Church Home" can withhold approval if the applicant is a foreigner, a foreign national, or a minor. 11. Reservation and Denial of Application for Service Use If you fall under any of the following cases, you may reserve the application for use of the service: 1) When a technical problem arises 2) If there is no room for equipment 3) When it is difficult to accept your use due to "The Lord's Church Home" If you fall under any of the following, you may refuse to use the service: 1) If you do not use your real name 2) In case of application using the name of another person 3) If it is judged to have applied for use of services for the purpose of hindering the order of society 4) If the description is false 5) If you do not meet the application requirements and requirements set out in the "The Lord’s Church Home" 6) If you do not use the real name system on the bulletin board or reply 12. Service Hours 1) The services provided in the "The Lord’s Church Home" are available on an ongoing basis, unless there is a business or technical reason for "The Lord’s Church". 2) It is not available at regular check or temporary check-up time set by "The Lord’s Church". 3) Depending on the type of service, we may not be able to provide it constantly, which is set by “The Lord's Church Home". 13. Suspension of Service 1) If the "The Lord’s Church Home" is temporarily unavailable due to certain difficulties, it must be notified one week before the service stop. During this period, the "The Lord's Church Home" is not responsible for the failure of the user to recognize the contents of the notice. 2) If there is a very urgent situation, the advance notice period may be reduced or omitted. In the event that the contents of messages or other communication messages stored or transmitted in this "The Lord’s Church Home" are not kept or deleted due to suspension of service, “The Lord's Church Home " is not responsible. 3) If the service is to be permanently suspended due to the matter of "The Lord’s Church Home", 1) and 2) shall apply. However, in this case, the advance notice period is at least one month. 14. Receipt Notification "The Lord’s Church Home" sends a notice of receipt to the user through e-mail if the user has applied for membership. 15. Duty of “The Lord's Church Home” "The Lord's Church Home" does not act contrary to the law and this Agreement or against public order, and shall endeavor to provide continuous and stable service as provided in these terms and conditions. 16. Duty to Member's ID and Password 1) The member is responsible for the management of ID and password. 2) Members should not allow their ID and password to be used by a third party. 3) If a member recognizes that his/her ID and password is stolen or is being used by a third party, he/she must immediately notify the "The Lord’s Church Home" and follow the instructions of "The Lord’s Church Home." 4) In principle, the ID must be issued under the name of the Social Security System. However, this is not the case for corporations. 5) IDs cannot be shared or transferred. If a member shares or relinquishes an ID without prior consultation with "The Lord’s Church Home", “The Lord's Church Home" may suspend the ID. However, this does not apply if the "The Lord’s Church Home" and members sign a separate agreement. 17. User's Obligation The user shall not engage in any of the following actions. If any of the following actions are found, “The Lord’s Church" may suspend or deprive the person concerned. 1) Registration of false contents when applying or changing 2) Change of information posted in "The Lord’s Church Home" 3) To send or post information (such as computer programs) other than the information set forth in "The Lord’s Church Home" 4) Infringement of intellectual property rights, such as "The Lord’s Church Home" and other third-party copyright 5) Actions that impair "The Lord's Church Home" and other third-party honor or disrupt work; 6) Disclosing or posting on the Site information that is against obscene or violent messages, images, voices, etc. 7) Using another member's ID 8) Unauthorized use or dissemination of information obtained through the services provided in "The Lord's Church Home" without the approval of “The Lord's Church" 9) Affecting other users, such as stalking 10) E-mail or otherwise transmit or display advertising promotional materials (including junk mail, spam, lucky letters, pyramid organization promotions, etc.) that have not been approved by "The Lord's Church Home" 11) Collecting or storing personal information of other users 12) Actions that violate other related laws and regulations 18. Transactions with Individuals and Companies We do not take any responsibility for the transactions made between users by the goods or services that are linked to “The Lord's Church Home" or independently provided by individuals or companies registered in the post. 19. Information and Advertising on “The Lord's Church Home" "The Lord's Church Home" can send information and advertisements regularly or irregularly. However, if a member indicates his intention to refuse, we will stop immediately. 20. User's Post "The Lord’s Church Home" can delete the user’s post without prior notice in the event that the contents fall under any of the following: 1) When using personally aggressive statements, vulgar expressions, etc. 2) When the post exceeds the posting period provided by "The Lord’s Church Home" 3) If you post relevant links to obscene materials or obscene sites 4) If the posts that infringe the copyrights of others, including "The Lord's Church Home" 5) If it interferes with public good and is violating related laws 21. Restriction on the Use of Copyright and Its Use 1) Copyright and other intellectual property rights for works created by "The Lord's Church Home" belong to the "The Lord’s Church". You shall not use the information obtained by using “The Lord's Church Home" for commercial purposes or for any other person to use, reproduce, transmit, publish, distribute, broadcast, or otherwise use such information without the prior consent of "The Lord's Church Home.” 2) The publisher has the right and responsibility for the post (the articles, images, sound, etc. that the user uploads to "The Lord's Church Home"). 22. Dispute Resolution 1) "The Lord's Church Home" reflects the legitimate opinions and complaints posed by the user and actively deals with the damage. 2) "The Lord’s Church Home" handles matters first when there are complaints and comments submitted by users. However, if it is difficult to process promptly, the user will be notified immediately of the reason and the processing schedule 1) When the service is suspended due to force majeure such as natural disasters or loss or damage of data uploaded by the user, "The Lord’s Church Home" is exempted from liability 2) "The Lord's Church Home" is exempted from liability for the facts and accuracy of the information posted by the user. 24. A Competent Court Any dispute arising out of a dispute concerning the use of services between “The Lord's Church Home" and users shall be brought before the competent courts located at “The Lord's Church Home". These Terms will be effective April 1, 2011. 1. What Do We Collect and How? 1-1. Items of Personal Information We Collect “The Lord’s Church" collects the following personal information for membership, counseling, etc. - Membership status at The Lord's Church, Information of the church you attend, Login ID, Password, Name, E-mail address, Date of birth, Gender, Phone number, Access log, Website Cookie, IP address 1-2. How We Collect Personal Information - We collect information through your use of the Services. - We collect information which you provide us voluntarily. 2. Why Do We Collect Information? “The Lord’s Church" uses your personal information we collect for the following purposes: 2-1. To Provide and Operate the Services For internal purposes, we use this information to provide the services you have requested and to improve our service. 2-2. To Manage Membership Personal identification, protection against unauthorized access, confirmation of age, confirmation of consent of legal representative when collecting personal information of children under 14 years old, handling of a complaint, delivery notices 2-3. To Develop New Services and For Research Purposes, Marketing/Promotional Advertisement , Provide better market for a user and customize our advertisements and promotions to user’s interests. providing service according to statistical characteristics, showing advertisement, validating service, Providing events and advertisement information, Providing participation opportunity, Website Visitor Analytics, 3. How Long Do We Retain Your Information? "The Lord's Church" will retain and use your personal information only for the period of providing the service from the Member's Site. If you request withdrawal or withdraw your consent to the collection and use of personal information, and if the purpose of collecting and using your personal information has been accomplished or the period of use and retention has expired, we will destroy the information without delay. In addition, when it is necessary to preserve under the provisions of the relevant laws, "The Lord's Church" may keep the member's information for a certain period set forth in the relevant laws and regulations as follows. - Record of contract or withdrawal of subscription: 5 years (Consumer Protection Act for Electronic Commerce etc.) - Record of payment and goods supply: 5 years (Consumer Protection Act for Electronic Commerce etc.) - Record of dissatisfaction or dispute of consumer: 3 years (Consumer Protection Act in Electronic Commerce etc.) - Record of identity verification: 6 months (Act on Information Network Promotion and Information Protection Act) - Web Site Visits: 3 months (Communications Privacy Act) 4. Procedures and Methods of Destroying Personal Information "The Lord’s Church" in principle, after the purpose of collecting and using personal information is achieved, the information is deleted without delay. The procedure and method of destruction are as follows. The information entered by the user for membership registration is transferred to a secure DB (for written registration, we keep it in secure place)after the purpose is achieved and is stored for a certain period of time (See “3. How Long Do We Retain Your Information?”.) according to internal policy and other relevant laws and regulations. Personal information that has been transferred to a separate DB is not used for any purpose other than holding it unless it is under the law. - Personal information printed on paper is shredded by paper shredder or destroyed by incineration. - Personal information stored in an electronic file is deleted using a technical method that cannot be restored . 5. How Do We Share Your Information? "The Lord's Church" uses the user's personal information within the scope of "2. Why Do We Collect Information?". We will not use personal information beyond the scope of this notice without prior consent of the user, or in principle will not disclose personal information to the outside. However, except as follows. - When users have agreed in advance - In accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations or for the purpose of investigation, if there is a request from the investigating agency in accordance with procedures and methods prescribed in the Act. 6. Consignment of Collected Personal Information "The Lord’s Church” does not entrust your information to outside companies without your consent. If such a need arises in the future, we will notify you of the entrusted person and the details of the entrusted business and will receive prior consent if necessary. 7. Rights of Users and Legal Representatives and How They are Exercised - Users and legal representatives may at any time, view or modify your personal information or the personal information of children under the age of 14 and may ask you to terminate your registration. - In order to view and modify the personal information of the user and children under the age of 14 years, please click 'Change membership' (or 'Edit membership information'). To cancel the subscription (withdraw the consent), you can click the "unsubscribe" button and check, correct or withdraw the subscriber directly after confirming your identity. Or, if you contact the person in charge of personal information management, please contact us by phone or email and we will take action without delay. - If a user requests correction of an error in personal information, we will not use or provide the personal information until the correction is completed. Also, if wrong personal information has already been provided to a third party, we will notify the third party without delay and correct the processing result. - "The Lord's Church" shall treat personal information that has been terminated or deleted at the request of the user and legal representatives of children under the age of 14, as specified in the "3. How Long Do We Retain Your Information?", and we treat it so that it cannot be read or used for other purposes. 8. The Installation, Operation and Rejection of Cookies "The Lord's Church" manages "cookies" that store and find your information from time to time. A "cookie" is a small text file sent to your browser by the server used to run the "The Lord’s Church" website and stored on your computer's hard disk. 8-1. Purpose of Using Cookies - To Analyze access frequency and visit time of members and non-members - Identify and track user's preference and interests - Provide targeted marketing and personalized services through various event participation and number of visits 8-2. Cookie Installation Operation and Rejection You have the option of installing cookies. Therefore, you can allow all cookies by setting options in your web browser, check each time a cookie is saved, or refuse to save all cookies. 9. If You Have Additional Questions about Our Policy "The Lord's Church" designates the relevant department and the person in charge of personal information management as follows to protect customer's personal information and to deal with complaints about personal information. You can report all complaints related to personal information generated by using the service to the person in charge of personal information management or the department in charge. "The Lord’s Church" will respond quickly and fully to the reports of users. Customer Service Department: The Lord's Church Website Team Phone: +82 70-4271-9977 Personal information manager Name: Lee, Heung Bae Phone: +82 10-9584-7575 If you need to report or consult about other privacy infringement, please contact the following organizations. - Personal Information Infringement Notification Center (without state code 118) - Information Protection Mark Certification Committee (+82 2-580-0533~4) - Internet Crime Investigation Center, Supreme Prosecutor's Office (+82 2-3480-3600) - Cyber Terror Response Center, National Police Agency (+82 2-392-0330) 10. Obligation of Notice This policy will be effective from March 28, 2011.
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10 Richest Countries In Europe By GDP Per Capita 2023 What are the richest countries in Europe by GDP per capita in 2023? Numerous countries in Europe are at an advanced level of development. In terms of the total amount of area it encompasses, the continent in question comes in at position number six on the list of the world’s biggest. It is estimated to cover around 6.8 percent of the total surface area of the Earth and includes a total of 47 countries. The domains of invention and technology, as well as architecture, have all benefited significantly from Europe’s contributions. Over the course of more than 500 years, the continent has made enormous strides in a variety of fields, including engineering, science, literature, and medicine. As a result, it now holds the title of being the most developed continent on the planet. According to the European Commission, the economy of Europe is showing signs of resilience in the face of issues that are occurring on a worldwide scale. There was a considerable rise in economic activity during the first three months of 2023, which can be ascribed to the drop in energy prices, the relief of supply limitations, and a solid labor market. As a result, fears about an economic slowdown were mitigated as a result of this. The European Union (EU) economy has gotten off to a better start than was expected, which has led to an increase in the growth prediction. The earlier winter intermediate prognosis of 0.8% and 1.6% for the same periods have been surpassed by the expected growth rates of 1.0% and 1.7% correspondingly for the years 2023 and 2024, respectively. Similar revisions in an upward direction have been made to the predictions of gross domestic product (GDP) growth for the monetary union established by the European Union, which is known as the euro area. The growth rates for the euro area are forecast to reach 1.1% in 2023 and 1.6% in 2024, respectively. These projections are based on current economic projections. The upward revision of inflation in the eurozone may be linked to the core price pressures that have been taking place. According to projections, the annual rate of inflation is anticipated to hit 5.8% in 2023 and will then drop to 2.8% in 2024. If you want to invest as an expat or high-net-worth individual, you can email me ([email protected]) or use these contact options. Table of Contents Richest Countries in Europe by GDP Per Capita Ireland is first among the richest country in Europe by GDP per capita, thanks to its GDP per capita reaching $145,200. The technology industry accounts for a disproportionately large share of the country’s GDP. Several of the world’s most prominent firms have chosen Dublin as the site of their headquarters. The pharmaceutical industry in Ireland is thriving thanks in large part to the highly educated workforce the country has. The tourism business in the area is seeing substantial expansion and success at the moment. The country offers a noteworthy degree of quality of life for its citizens. In addition, the nation boasts a robust social assistance system, as well as a healthcare system that is worthy of praise. It is not well acknowledged, but Ireland has an exceptionally significant role in the aviation business. At the moment, a number of international aircraft leasing companies call Ireland their home base. At this time, Ireland is responsible for more than 22 percent of the world’s aircraft fleet and has a considerable 40 percent share of the world’s leased aircraft fleet. The country has earned a reputation as a leading exporter of software-related goods and services as well as pharmaceutical and medical items and equipment. At the present time, there is a substantial amount of diversity present in the Irish economy. Even though the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative influence on the economy, it has demonstrated remarkable resilience and has continued to grow. Ireland went from being a country with a low standard of living to having one of the most advanced and affluent economies in the world in a very short amount of time. As a result of the country’s solid and stable political and economic framework, Ireland has established itself as a leading center for multinational corporations in Europe. This country, despite its relatively small size, is seen as a renowned worldwide leader because it has a robust economy that has been around for a long time and a significant quantity of GDP. In the year 2022, the GDP was calculated to have reached a value of $142,490. This achievement is an important milestone among the countries of Europe and is a tribute to the prosperous position the state now has in the world. Not just in terms of its GDP, but also in terms of purchasing power parity, Luxembourg is commonly regarded as the leading country among the member states of the European Union. One distinguishing characteristic of Luxembourg is the country’s sizable current account, which is reported as a proportion of the country’s GDP. It is common knowledge that Luxembourg is an affluent country that may be identified by its long-standing presence in the banking and financial industries. However, this aspect is merely one of the contributing causes that have contributed to its standing as one of the richest countries in Europe by GDP per capita. Other contributing variables include. It is important to highlight the fact that Luxembourg is one of the top five nations in terms of having the best level of life. The average annual salary in Luxembourg is 4,000 euros, which, in comparison to the average salaries in other European nations, is regarded to be relatively high. Despite this, this has not been the case in every single instance. It is vital to examine the full background and key historical events that had a large influence in order to appreciate the variables that contributed to Luxembourg’s development as one of the world’s richest and most sophisticated economies. Only then would one be able to comprehend the factors that contributed to Luxembourg’s development. When it comes to promoting economic expansion and adding to Luxembourg’s GDP, international trade is one of the most important factors at play. It wasn’t until the time of the industrial revolution that it was found that Luxembourg was home to a wealth of natural resources. The discovery of considerable iron ore deposits in Luxembourg in the middle of the 1800s had a revolutionary impact on the country’s economy. This discovery made it possible for Luxembourg to significantly increase its GDP by multiple times. The decade of the 1900s saw the nation’s rise to prominence as a large steel producer within Europe, which was followed by a shift into a significant role as an exporter. This new invention made it possible for the industrial sector of the nation to grow and expand, which in turn contributed to the general improvement of the economy of the country. In terms of total steel production across the world, the present ArcelorMittal, which has its headquarters in Luxembourg, is now in second place. The rapid development of industry in Luxembourg, a country that was historically dependent on agriculture and lacked considerable wealth, has enabled optimal conditions for economic growth and a gradual increase in GDP indicator levels. Prior to this, Luxembourg was an economically impoverished nation. The Swiss Confederation, more commonly known as Switzerland, is a landlocked country that can be found in the center of Western, Central, and Southern Europe. It does not share any borders with any bodies of water, including the sea or the ocean. The region under discussion may be divided into three separate regions: the Swiss Plateau, the Alps, and the Jura. Each of these regions is a mountain range in its own right. The Alps include a considerable amount of Switzerland and are home to some of the country’s most important cities and economic centers, such as Basel, Geneva, and Zurich. The Alps also make up a major percentage of the country. Switzerland is a country that consistently demonstrates impressive performance across a broad variety of global measures, including economic competitiveness and democratic governance, and is thus usually regarded as a highly developed nation. The nation’s GDP per capita reached about $87,960 in the year 2023, placing it among the richest nations in Europe. The Kingdom of Norway is a sovereign state that can be found in Northern Europe and encompasses the western and most northern parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The capital of Norway is located in Oslo, which is both the country’s most populous city and its political epicenter. The Nordic welfare model, which is defined by the provision of universal healthcare and a comprehensive social security system, is the paradigm that Norway adheres to. The principle of equality serves as the foundation for this model’s core principles and beliefs. The Norwegian government has major ownership stakes in critical economic sectors, and the country possesses vast amounts of a variety of natural resources, such as petroleum, natural gas, minerals, fisheries, lumber, and freshwater. The Norwegian government also retains strong ownership holdings in key economic sectors. The extraction and sale of petroleum in Norway is responsible for around 25 percent of the country’s GDP. According to estimates made in 2023, this nation’s GDP per capita of $82,650 places it in the top 10 richest countries in Europe by GDP per capita. San Marino: $78,930 This country comes in at number six on the list of richest countries in Europe by GDP per capita with a GDP per capita of around $78,930. The number of people living in this nation is not very high. Regardless of the size of its overall population, this nation’s per capita continues to be respectable and impressive on a year-over-year basis. This specific nation’s participation on the aforementioned list has been consistent throughout the course of many years, much like that of the other countries that were featured in this significant collection. The expansion of San Marino’s economy may be traced to a confluence of factors, including favorable conditions and government policies. The combination of advantageous taxation rates, major foreign investment, and booming industries has led to San Marino being a prominent hub for enterprising individuals and businesses. This is due to the fact that the industries in San Marino are thriving. The general population has a high level of education and is skilled in a variety of fields, such as business, medicine, technology, engineering, and the media, among others. The excellent infrastructure of San Marino makes the country desirable to investors from other countries. The maintenance level of the road infrastructure is quite high, and a tax system that provides favorable incentives to multinational firms has been constructed. Education is given a high priority in San Marino, where students have access to a diverse array of degree programs in the areas of the arts, sciences, and humanities at a variety of educational establishments, including public and private universities. The governing body of the nation has a substantial interest in fostering economic growth and making it possible for it to occur. The aforementioned organization not only offers investment tax credits to encourage the growth and development of technology on a national scale, but it also offers subsidies in order to encourage the creation of job prospects in the country. In addition, the nation provides its citizens with a comprehensive range of social benefits, such as healthcare coverage, pension provisions, and assistance for those who are disabled. Denmark is a Nordic country that can be found in Northern Europe; its capital and largest city, Copenhagen, is also the most populated in the country. Denmark had an industrialization process in the later part of the 19th century, which led to the country’s formation as a nation with a heavy focus on the exports of agricultural goods. The United States of America embarked on significant societal and labor market changes in the early decades of the 20th century. These reforms laid the groundwork for the modern welfare state model and a thriving mixed economy. These reforms began during the first decade of the century. The country of Denmark is regarded as a developed nation since its citizens enjoy a high quality of living. The nation in question has the prestigious position of being a founding member of a large number of international organizations, some of which include but are not limited to the United Nations, the Nordic Council, the OECD, and OSCE. Other international organizations include NATO. In addition to this, Denmark is a member of the Schengen Area, and it continues to retain strong relations with its surrounding Scandinavian nations on the political, cultural, and linguistic fronts. In the year 2021, Denmark was among the richest countries in Europe by GDP per capita of $73,390. The Netherlands sometimes referred to as Holland, is a sovereign state that can be found in the northwest part of Europe and also has territory in the Caribbean. Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht are the four most populous cities in the Netherlands, with Amsterdam functioning as the de facto capital. Rotterdam is the most populous city in the country. Starting in the year 1848, the political structure of the Netherlands has been defined by a parliamentary constitutional monarchy and a unitary structure for more than one hundred and fifty years. This span of time exceeds one hundred and fifty years. The area in issue has earned a reputation for its long-standing practice of pillarisation as well as a historical record of social tolerance, including the legalization of prostitution, euthanasia, and the preservation of a liberal drug policy. Both of these factors have contributed to the region’s rise to prominence. One of the richest countries in Europe by GDP per capita in 2023, the Netherlands had a GDP per capita of $72,970. Iceland is number eight on the list of richest countries in Europe by GDP per capita, with a GDP per capita equivalent to $69,780. This places Iceland as the ninth most prosperous nation in the world. The country is well-known for the wealth of natural resources it has, including significant geothermal energy deposits. These resources make up a considerable component of its overall economic mix. In addition to having a thriving tourism industry, Iceland also boasts a labor force that is distinguished by its high educational standard. The country has a substantially higher quality of life than most other countries. The nation has both an advanced medical care system as well as an extensive network of social assistance programs. The increase in Iceland’s GDP has been driven, as stated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), by the industries of tourism, exports, and investment. The IMF forecasts that the tourism industry in the country will continue its recent upward trend for a lengthy period of time, which bodes well for the nation’s economy. Austria, also known by its official name, the Republic of Austria, is a country in the center of Europe that does not have access to the ocean. There are a total of nine states in this area, with Vienna acting as both the governmental and demographic hub of the region. The president of Austria serves as the head of state under Austria’s parliamentary representative democracy, while the chancellor serves as the head of government and chief executive. The president of Austria also serves as the nation’s highest law enforcement official. Since its inception in 1955, the state has been an active member of the United Nations, and in 1995, it was accepted into membership in the European Union. The headquarters of a number of international organizations, such as the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), are located in Austria. In addition, Austria was a founding member of both the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Interpol, both of which played significant roles in Austria’s history. This nation’s GDP per capita in 2023 was estimated to be $69.50 thousand, placing it among the richest countries in Europe by GDP per capita. Many of the most well-known companies in Europe are headquartered in Austria, including ASML Holding N.V. (NASDAQ: ASML), Novo Nordisk A/S (NYSE: NVO), and Novartis AG (NYSE: NVS). The mountainous region of the Pyrenees is home to the tiny republic of Andorra, which acts as a physical buffer zone between its neighboring countries of France and Spain due to its location in the Pyrenees. Andorra has a GDP per capita of $69,000, making it the tenth country on the list of the richest countries in Europe by GDP per capita. The tourism industry is the key driver of the robust economy and accounts for around 80 percent of the country’s GDP. An estimated 10 million people visit the location every year because it offers a variety of winter sports, nice summer temperatures, and the possibility of making duty-free purchases of various goods. The nation’s banking sector is one of the primary beneficiaries of the country’s reputation as a tax haven. Andorra’s administration, which spanned more than seven centuries and was defined by a shared power between the king of France and the Spanish bishop of Urgell, was characterized by a shared authority between the two. Andorra’s first constitution was passed in 1993, and with it came the country’s initial steps toward establishing a parliamentary form of government. Following that, it was accepted into both the United Nations and the Council of Europe as a member state. Due to the existing system, the president of France and the bishop of Urgell both have the title of co-prince and head of state, but their roles are mostly ceremonial in nature. Andorra has chosen the euro as its national currency, despite the fact that it is not a full member of the European Union (EU). This is in spite of the fact that Andorra retains a separate affiliation with the EU. What Defines A Nation’s Wealth? Which scenario appeals to you more: having a considerable amount of riches in a nation with poor economic growth, or being financially impoverished in a country that is famed for its abundance? It is not as simple as placing exclusive importance on a country’s gross domestic product (GDP) in order to arrive at a conclusion about the amount of economic prosperity that exists within that country. The classification of countries according to whether or not they are wealthy may be used to determine a person’s level of wealth. What is the Measure of Wealth beyond GDP? It is usual practice to calculate a nation’s gross domestic product (GDP) when analyzing its level of economic success. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total worth of all goods and services that are produced inside the borders of a nation over a certain amount of time, often one year. If we simply consider this one factor, we may deduce that the most prosperous nations are those that have GDP values that are among the highest in the world; these include the United States of America, China, Japan, and Germany. However, it is important to evaluate how the economies of nations like Singapore and Luxembourg, which are relatively small in size, can compete with those of greater economic powerhouses on a global scale. Singapore and Luxembourg are examples of such countries. The failure of GDP to account for income inequality, which is the unequal distribution of a country’s wealth among its citizens, is another issue that raises concerns about the effectiveness of the indicator. Therefore, a more accurate picture of the living standards of people begins with dividing the gross domestic product (GDP) of a nation by the population of that country, which results in the per capita GDP of that country. The investigation of GDP on a per-person basis and the pace at which it is growing offers very helpful insights into the potential social wealth that is available to each individual as well as the trajectory of the expansion or contraction of this wealth over a certain time period. Purchasing Power Parity However, the application of GDP on a per capita basis as a measurement confronts a conundrum: the same income might generate significantly different buying power across countries, due to the fact that the cost of critical goods such as food, clothing, housing, or healthcare differs greatly from country to country. It is vital to have an understanding of the buying power of the people in a country in order to properly evaluate the amount of prosperity that exists among its inhabitants. When making international comparisons of GDP per capita, it is vital to take into consideration modifying GDP data for purchasing power parity (PPP). This is because of the previous sentence. The inclusion of inflation rates as well as the relative costs of goods and services in various geographic places is facilitated by this adjustment. A Global Perspective of Wealth, Inequality, and Quality of Life Living in a wealthier country offers the greatest likelihood of experiencing a higher quality of life, regardless of an individual’s position within the income distribution spectrum. This is the case when comparing the benefits of being wealthy in a less developed nation to those of being poor in a more developed nation. On the other hand, the existence of wealth for some people in the absence of an adequate degree of equality for others can be seen as undesirable, at the very least. A very convincing illustration of this may be seen in the recent coronavirus outbreak. Individuals who belonged to the low-income bracket in various prosperous nations, frequently involving migrant populations, encountered a sudden loss of job, which led to homelessness and a lack of effective social support systems. This was the case since the countries in question were wealthy. During this time, a number of nations that are struggling economically made tremendous efforts to aid individuals who were in need of assistance during the crisis. What is the Cost of Disparity? Due to the indispensability of energy and food, which are essential commodities with limited alternatives, the effect of increased prices on families with low incomes is particularly obvious. When there is an increase in prices, it is easier for families to cut down or eliminate spending on things like electronics, clothing, or entertainment. When it comes to critical necessities, however, such as food, heating, or transportation, which are needed for both continued existence and increased economic output, the job becomes substantially more difficult. As a consequence of this, the presence of inflationary circumstances often poses a possible threat to the security of the economy as well as the cohesiveness of the social fabric. Economic Discrepancy and Social Implications It is to one’s benefit, over the course of time, to have both financial success and a dedication to egalitarian ideas. The capacity for development is hampered when there is an excessive amount of economic discrepancy between different groups, which has a negative influence on total economic growth. In addition to this, it raises the probability of political instability, which in turn exacerbates societal tensions and makes it harder to rule effectively. In addition, higher levels of economic disparity have been linked to higher rates of mortality as well as higher costs connected with medical treatment. In addition to this, the existence of such discrepancies is a contributor to an increase in the rates of criminal activity and corruption within civilizations. In a country that is still growing, having riches comes with a number of responsibilities as well. The predicted rankings of the richest countries in Europe by GDP per capita vary greatly as a consequence of the distinctive economic and demographic traits that each of these countries has. One possible explanation for the observed differences is that many countries governments, during the course of their own histories, have adopted a wide variety of public policies. These policies cover a wide range of topics, including education and healthcare, as well as immigration procedures, tax rates, and regulatory frameworks that affect business enterprises. The rate of growth of a country’s gross domestic product (GDP), the magnitude of its population, the level of unemployment, the allocation of resources towards education, the average life expectancy, the extent of healthcare expenditure, and the taxation policies that are in place are the primary factors that determine whether or not a country will be counted among the richest countries in Europe by GDP per capita in 2023. The gap that exists between economically stable countries in Europe and those that are now struggling has widened in recent years, which has contributed to an increase in the existing wealth gap. However, it is essential to keep in mind that the changes that are taking place in these countries are being influenced by a far wider variety of causes. Alterations have also been made to the roles played by the most influential stakeholders inside these countries. The introduction of new technologies has led to the demise of several of the more conventional business sectors. Pained by financial indecision? Want to invest with Adam? Adam is an internationally recognised author on financial matters, with over 760.2 million answer views on Quora.com, a widely sold book on Amazon, and a contributor on Forbes.
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How to invest in stocks in Russia 2021? That will be the topic of today’s article. If you are looking to invest, don’t hesitate to contact me, email ([email protected]) or use the WhatsApp function below Table of Contents The stock market revived in Russia after the liberalization of the economy in 1991. The history of the stock market of the Russian Empire before 1917 was not directly related to the history of the modern Russian securities market. In the conditions of the command and distribution economy of the USSR, the movement of financial flows was determined by the decision of the party and financial and economic bodies, therefore the conditions for the revival of the stock market, which existed before the 1917 revolution, remained unfavorable until the early 1990s. In place of the official stock market, there was only the so-called “black market”. The securities market (SM) in Russia began to revive in the first half of 1991 after the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 601 of December 25, 1990 “On Approval of the Regulations on Joint Stock Companies” was adopted. However, for a long time, the low level of financial and economic intelligence of the country’s population as a whole did not allow the market to develop. The situation was also complicated by the fraudulent privatization in 1993-1994. The dynamic development of the legitimate stock market began only after the resumption of growth in the Russian economy in the early 2000s. Anyways, there are still a number of investors that are interested in Russian stock markets and would like to know more about it, here we are with a lot of useful information for those investors. In this blog post we will talk about Russian stocks, which stock is a good place to invest your funds, what to do and some tips for beginning investors. Overview of where to buy shares of Russian companies? The stock market for Russian companies largely depends on the price of oil. Now, while oil and the rating of Russian stocks are on the decline, it’s time to buy securities. As soon as oil goes up, stock prices go up, and you win. The question is where and how to buy Russian shares, and which securities should be guided by. How do I buy and sell stocks? You cannot go directly to the stock exchange. This can only be done by brokers – intermediaries who make transactions on behalf of their clients. By choosing a broker, you can buy any shares that have passed the issue on the exchange. It is easy to do, but we’ll talk about the steps in details: - choose a broker whose terms suit you; - contact him and conclude an agreement (or register in the online store of shares); - top up your internal account; - select and buy stock. After the purchase, you will become the official owner of the shares and will be able to count on dividends. Where to buy Russian stocks? It would seem that the answer is clear – from the broker. But the broker himself trades on specific stock exchanges. These can be Russian (Moscow or St. Petersburg stock exchanges), and American (NYCE and NASDAQ), and Asian (Tokyo and Shanghai). There are a lot of exchanges, and the quotes of the same shares in them may differ. But these differences are usually minor, and if you are not a trader, the stock exchange does not matter much. The larger and more stable the company, the more exchanges it managed to cover. Thus, Gazprom shares are simultaneously traded on the NASDAQ and the Moscow Exchange. An IT giant like Facebook has issued securities on virtually every marketplace in the world. If you buy shares in a Russian company, you may well have to deal with the Moscow Stock Exchange. This is the largest site in Russia. With the questions “how” and “where” we have decided, now the main thing: what exactly to buy? Despite the fact that both the actual state of the companies and the rating of Russian shares largely depend on the price of oil, the securities market does not develop synchronously. Much depends on the state of a particular industry or company. So, Sberbank got good chances for expansion: the Central Bank revoked the licenses of many banks, and clients are moving to a more reliable organization. This is a typical example of the impact of industry news on an individual company’s stock. Aeroflot shares have shown positive dynamics since the beginning of 2016. For 9 months they have more than doubled – from 56 to 121 rubles and still have at least 15% growth potential. Aeroflot is increasing its assets by investing in shares of large companies. Investing in shares of Russian companies is worth it: large players offer good dividends, and the securities themselves are inexpensive relative to 2011-2013. Their growth potential, with the exception of some enterprises, is great. How to invest in the Russian market with a small start-up capital? The coronavirus pandemic and subsequent lockdowns caused a collapse in global stock markets. And the fallen shares of large companies are a great opportunity to make money. From the lows of the year reached on March 19, the RTS index has grown by 70% to date. How to participate in the movement of securities, especially for beginners? Which stocks are worth buying, in what quantity and proportions? If capital is small, it will be difficult to form a diversified portfolio. For example, one share of Norilsk Nickel is now worth more than 23 thousand rubles. A good option would be to buy an ETF on the Moscow Exchange. ETF (Exchange Traded Fund) is an open-ended investment fund whose shares are traded on an exchange. These funds are somewhat similar to ordinary mutual funds, the main difference is that ETF shares can be traded on the exchange like ordinary shares or futures. Today more than 5 thousand ETFs are traded in the world. About 15 securities are presented on the Moscow Exchange. What opportunities open up investments through ETF? – The entry threshold for investing in ETFs is relatively low. This allows you to start investing with a small start-up capital. – High liquidity. With the help of ETFs, you can quickly manage your capital and invest in various assets, depending on the current market conditions. – Possibility of significant diversification of funds. Unlike stocks, ETFs are more diversified, which reduces exposure to corporate risks and the characteristics of an individual company. – Standard taxation. To work with ETFs on the Russian market, standard taxation is applied, as when working with shares of domestic issuers – income of individuals is taxed with personal income tax at a rate of 13%. – The indisputable advantage of buying ETFs on the Moscow Exchange is that they can be purchased on the IIS. Also, in relation to investments in such funds, the privilege for long-term ownership of securities is applied. Let’s look at an example. FinEx is one of the key ETF operators in Russia. The operator manages 14 funds. Specifically, when you invest in an FXUS fund, you “buy” 506 shares or 85% of the US market. You can also invest in the Chinese market by buying FXCN or Germany using FXDE. ETF FXRL allows investing in Russian stocks. The fund’s portfolio consists exclusively of Russian stocks included in the RTS index. Among the most famous are: Gazprom, Lukoil, Sberbank, NOVATEK, Magnit, Rosneft, etc. At the same time, securities of less liquid companies are also represented. Top 10 largest components of Russian fund index |Yandex CL A ORD |GMK Noril Nickel ORD |Tatneft 3 ORD Most of the assets are concentrated in the energy sector, accounting for 45%. For the raw materials sector – 20%. The securities of the financial sector account for 18%. Instructions: how to buy shares on the Russian fund exchange The average rate on bank deposits in April 2020 slightly exceeded 6%. You can count on such a guaranteed income by putting funds on a deposit. The shares of the Far Eastern Energy Company rose by 130% over the six months to June 22 – from 0.6 to 1.38 rubles. Although few people manage to make such money on the stock exchange We will try to give you the instructions on how to buy Russian stocks. 1. Choose a broker There are two exchanges in Russia: Moscow and St. Petersburg. A person cannot directly purchase securities – he needs to become a client of a broker. Accordingly, at the first stage, you need to choose it. There are more than 200 of them on the Moscow Exchange. Banks can act as brokers. What to consider when choosing a broker: - commissions (cost of services for the purchase / sale of securities); - the minimum investment amount (can be, for example, from 100,000 rubles); - markets where the broker allows you to work (Russian, American, British); - the convenience of the program for working on the stock exchange (some of them are quite complex, but there are also simple ones). Often a broker is chosen by the size of the commission that must be paid for transactions. It can differ several times – for one it is 0.03%, while for the other it is 0.3%. 2. Conclude a contract To become a client of a broker, you need to conclude an agreement. For this you only need a passport. This is where the difficulty arises: many brokers work from 9:00 to 18:00 and only on weekdays. Only a few brokers can come to you at a convenient time to conclude a contract, so with some probability you will have to sacrifice working time to go to the company’s office. After concluding the contract, it may take up to three days to open a brokerage account. 3. Transfer money to a brokerage account To buy securities, you need to transfer money to a brokerage account. This can be done using the details specified in the contract. Your bank will charge a standard money transfer fee, the same as if you were transferring funds from card to card. You can save on commissions if your bank does not take money for interbank transfers or if he is the broker (that is, the transfer takes place within the bank). 4. Install the application for trading stocks To buy shares on the exchange, you must instruct the broker. You can do this over the phone, but this method is used only as a last resort when you do not have access to the software. There are many programs for buying stocks, you just have to find the one that matches your needs and expectations. In this case your broker can help you. 5. Decide what you want to buy You can buy different instruments on the exchange. Shares are the right to a part of the company. That is, buying shares (even one), you become one of the owners of the company – you can go to shareholders’ meetings and vote for or against the proposed decisions. You can make money on the growth in the value of shares (bought cheaper, sold more expensive) or on dividends (the company distributes its profit, if any). Stocks are a risky type of investment, their price can fluctuate significantly. Bonds are securities that confirm the company’s commitment to repay the debt with interest. For example, a bond costs 1000 rubles, its yield is 7% per annum. This means that you will be paid 70 ₽ every year until the bond expires. In the end, you will receive your 1000 ₽. The market value of a bond can be higher or lower than par, depending on the risk of the security and the demand for it. Eurobonds are bonds denominated in foreign currency. ETFs are funds that repeat the structure of some financial indices, that is, sets of stocks or bonds (gold mining companies, IT companies, shares of Chinese companies, US bonds, and so on) are protected inside. 6. How to buy and sell You set the cost of the security you want to purchase. You can buy it at its current value, for example, at the price of the last trade, or set your own price. As soon as other market participants agree to sell at your price, the deal is done. Securities are sold in lots, a lot can consist of 1, 10, 1000 or 10,000 securities. If a share is worth 10 rubles, and a lot is 1000 shares, it will cost 10,000 rubles. You must pay a commission to the exchange and the broker for the transaction. For example, when buying shares for 26,500 rubles in Sberbank, both commissions will be 35.6 rubles. When selling, you need to pay the same. 7. Taxes and benefits On the income received on the exchange, you need to pay income tax at the rate of 13%. It is held and paid by the broker. You do not need to pay income tax if you own the shares for at least three years. But there is a limitation: for three years, you can not pay taxes on income up to 9 million rubles. It is also possible to open an individual investment account (IIS). Every year it can be replenished by 400,000 rubles and receive an additional tax deduction of 13% (52,000 rubles). How to start investing: useful tips for beginners Start from self-education. Without understanding the basics of how the economy in general and the stock market in particular, investments are unlikely to be successful. Of course, you can use a trust management service – when you give money to a professional investor and he invests it without your active intervention – but it is usually quite expensive. So if you are a novice investor without big budgets, you will have to figure it out yourself. Determine the amount that you are ready to invest in Russian stocks – the initial budget and how much you are ready to spend regularly on this later, if you are ready in principle. Formulate a goal. It will help determine the strategy of behavior in the stock market: in what proportions to collect a portfolio, how often to sell and buy assets, etc. Beginners are advised to designate a specific goal – not just “I want to make money”, but “to accumulate such and such an amount for real estate / child for education / retirement”, etc. The longer the investment period, the lower the risks. At the same time, different portfolios can be collected for different purposes. Assess your own willingness to take risks. To do this, for example, you can take a risk profile test on the Moscow Exchange website. Large brokers also, before opening a brokerage account or immediately after, offer to pass similar tests in order to understand what kind of portfolio drawdown you are willing to tolerate. The choice of assets also depends on the readiness for losses. After all, the higher their potential profitability, the higher the risk. Choose a broker. Private investors cannot trade on the stock exchange on their own – a broker is needed for this. He will open a special brokerage account, and now with his help you can buy and sell the selected assets. Above were the technical steps. What else do you need to remember? Don’t invest your last money. So that in the event of force majeure, you do not have to urgently sell assets and withdraw money from the brokerage account. Plus, experts from the Central Bank on financial literacy recommend keeping some of the money in conservative instruments, like the same deposits. If only because the state guarantees the safety of the latter up to 1.4 million rubles. Don’t invest borrowed funds. On the stock market, it is possible to trade not with your own money, but using the funds of a broker (margin trading). Diversify your portfolio. Don’t focus on buying only one type of asset – the same stocks. At the school of the Moscow Stock Exchange, beginners are advised to make a portfolio of profitable, but more risky in the short term, stocks and less profitable, but also more stable bonds. The diversity of the portfolio will compensate for the fall of one asset if it suddenly occurs. Plus, diversify within a set of assets of the same type. That is, buy stocks of different companies from different industries. Don’t invest in what you don’t understand. Otherwise, there is a high probability of incorrectly assessing the risks. Try not to panic or succumb to the mass sentiment of buying or selling assets. The stock market is obviously risky and often unpredictable. It is important to stay in the know, but not to react impulsively to them. What is an investment portfolio? And how to assemble it? Essentially, a portfolio is the same long-term strategy that involves investing in different asset classes. At the same time, in a general sense, your financial portfolio can be called all the assets you have – real estate, cars, currency, precious metals, etc. The composition of the investment portfolio reflects the willingness to take risks: for example, the more shares it contains, the more aggressive it is, and vice versa – the more bonds, the more conservative it is. The first option may be suitable for long-term investments, because historically, in the long term, the stock market shows more growth. The second option, on the contrary, is preferable for tasks for a relatively short time in which you do not want to take risks. You can use the “age rule”, which says that bonds in your portfolio should be as old as you are. The shares, respectively, are 100 minus your age. That is, if the investor is 30 years old, then there should be 70% of stocks in the portfolio, and 30% of bonds. There are other calculation formulas, but the meaning of the rule is the same – the younger the investor and the more time he has to achieve the goal, the more he can afford risky, but more profitable in the long term assets – stocks and fewer more reliable, but less profitable – bonds. This ratio should change with age. This rule is often criticized because it does not take into account the investor’s inclination to take risks and implies that the goal is always long-term (for example, ensuring a comfortable old age). But the general principle can be modified at any event horizon – as you approach your goal, reduce the share of stocks in your portfolio. Pained by financial indecision? Want to invest with Adam? Adam is an internationally recognised author on financial matters, with over 252.9 million answers views on Quora.com and a widely sold book on Amazon
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The transition from military life to civilian life is a pivotal moment for veterans. It’s a time filled with challenges, opportunities, and decisions that can shape the course of one’s post-service journey. While many veterans seek traditional employment or even entrepreneurship, there’s a unique path that offers a different kind of freedom – becoming a coach or consultant. In this article, we will explore the journey from soldier to six-figure coach or consultant, a path that enables veterans to leverage their leadership skills, experiences, and knowledge gained in the military to build thriving careers in the world of consulting and coaching. We’ll delve into the steps, mindset, and resources needed to make this transition successfully. Unlocking the Potential For many veterans, leaving the structured environment of the military can be daunting. However, it’s essential to recognize that the leadership and management skills acquired in the service are highly transferable to the world of coaching and consulting. These skills include effective communication, decision-making under pressure, adaptability, and a strong work ethic. Step 1: Self-Assessment Before embarking on this journey, it’s crucial to assess your strengths, interests, and areas of expertise. Identify the skills you developed in the military that can be applied in the consulting or coaching arena. Are you experienced in leadership, team building, or problem-solving? Perhaps you have expertise in logistics, cybersecurity, or project management. Understanding your unique value proposition is the first step in building a successful coaching or consulting practice. The transition from a military career to civilian life is a significant change, one that offers a multitude of opportunities for growth and success. For veterans considering a career in coaching or consulting, the first step on this transformative journey is a critical one: self-assessment. This foundational step involves introspection, reflection, and the identification of valuable skills and experiences gained during military service that can be translated into a thriving coaching or consulting practice. Understanding Your Unique Value Proposition The military instills a wide range of skills and qualities in its service members, many of which are highly transferable to the world of coaching and consulting. These abilities often form the core of your unique value proposition, setting you apart in a competitive market. Here’s how to begin: - Leadership Skills: Military service inherently involves leadership. Whether you held an official leadership role or not, the military fosters leadership qualities in all its members. Assess your leadership style, your ability to motivate and inspire others, and your experience in decision-making under pressure. These attributes are invaluable in coaching and consulting, where clients seek guidance and direction. - Team Building: The military relies on effective teamwork for success. Consider your experience in building and leading teams, fostering collaboration, and achieving common objectives. These skills are directly applicable to coaching individuals or consulting with businesses seeking to enhance their team dynamics. - Problem-Solving: Military personnel are trained to analyze complex situations and develop solutions swiftly. Evaluate your problem-solving abilities, your capacity to think critically, and your experience in making decisions with limited information. These skills are highly sought after in the consulting world, where clients often face intricate challenges. - Specializations: The military offers diverse career paths, from logistics and cybersecurity to project management and medical services. Identify your military specialization and recognize its potential in the civilian sector. Your expertise in a specific field can form the basis of your coaching or consulting niche, allowing you to serve clients with targeted knowledge and insights. - Soft Skills: Beyond technical skills, the military fosters soft skills like discipline, adaptability, and resilience. These qualities are invaluable in coaching and consulting, where clients often require support in personal and professional development, adaptability to change, and the resilience to overcome obstacles. A Path to Self-Discovery Self-assessment is not just about recognizing your skills; it’s also a journey of self-discovery. Take the time to reflect on your interests, passions, and the areas in which you find fulfillment. Consider the aspects of your military service that resonated with you the most and align those with your future coaching or consulting career. It’s important to remember that your unique value proposition, shaped by your military experience, is the foundation upon which you’ll build your coaching or consulting practice. Embrace your strengths, recognize your potential, and leverage your military background as a powerful asset. As you embark on this transformative journey, self-assessment is your compass, guiding you toward a successful and fulfilling career in coaching or consulting. Step 2: Specialization Coaching and consulting are broad fields, and it’s advantageous to specialize in a niche that aligns with your skills and interests. Consider the industries or areas where you have the most expertise. It could be leadership coaching, career transition consulting, or even health and wellness coaching for veterans. Specialization not only differentiates you in the market but also allows you to serve your clients more effectively. While the realm of coaching and consulting is vast, carving out a niche that aligns with your skills and interests is a strategic move that can set you on the path to success. This step, often overlooked, is where you define your unique value in the market and, more importantly, how you can best serve your clients. The Power of Specialization Why is specialization so crucial in coaching and consulting? Here are some compelling reasons: - Differentiation: Specialization sets you apart from the competition. It highlights your expertise in a specific area and positions you as an authority in that field. This can be particularly attractive to clients seeking tailored solutions to their unique challenges. - Targeted Knowledge: When you specialize, you deepen your knowledge and understanding of a particular industry or topic. This depth allows you to provide more valuable insights, strategies, and guidance to your clients. Your expertise becomes a valuable resource for those seeking help in that specific area. - Client-Centric Approach: Specialization enables you to better understand your clients’ needs and pain points within your chosen niche. This empathetic understanding allows you to offer highly personalized solutions and support, leading to more meaningful and lasting results. - Marketing Advantage: Specializing provides a clear focus for your marketing efforts. You can tailor your messaging and branding to resonate with your target audience, making it easier to attract clients who are looking for precisely what you offer. Choosing Your Specialization Selecting the right specialization is a pivotal decision. Here’s how to navigate this step: - Reflect on Your Skills: Consider the skills and strengths you identified during the self-assessment phase. Your specialization should align with your unique abilities and experiences. Think about the areas where you excel and feel the most confident. - Follow Your Passions: While expertise is vital, don’t discount your passions and interests. Combining your skills with your genuine enthusiasm for a particular niche can lead to a deeply fulfilling and impactful career. - Market Research: Research the demand for your chosen specialization. Is there a need for your expertise in the market? Are there potential clients seeking assistance in this area? Understanding the market dynamics can help you make an informed decision. - Competitive Landscape: Analyze the competition within your chosen niche. Identify what sets you apart from existing coaches or consultants. How can you bring a unique perspective or approach to the table? - Long-Term Viability: Consider the long-term viability of your chosen specialization. Is it an area that will continue to be relevant and in demand? Think about the potential for growth and evolution within that field. Examples of Specializations The possibilities for specialization are endless. Here are a few examples to spark your thinking: - Leadership Coaching: Utilize your military leadership experience to coach emerging leaders in the corporate world. - Career Transition Consulting: Help veterans smoothly transition into civilian careers by offering tailored guidance and resources. - Health and Wellness Coaching: Leverage your understanding of physical and mental fitness to support veterans in their well-being journeys. - Entrepreneurial Coaching: Assist veterans in starting and growing their businesses, drawing from your entrepreneurial skills and experiences. - Financial Planning Consulting: Provide financial guidance to veterans and their families, capitalizing on your expertise in financial management. Specialization is the compass that will guide your coaching or consulting career. It’s the key to standing out, delivering exceptional value to your clients, and finding deep fulfillment in your work. As you embark on this journey, remember that your specialization is not just about what you offer but also about the positive impact you can make on the lives of those you serve. Embrace your specialization with passion and purpose, and you’ll find yourself on the path to becoming a trusted and sought-after coach or consultant in your chosen niche. Step 3: Education and Certification While your military experience provides a strong foundation, formal education and certifications can enhance your credibility and marketability. There are numerous programs and courses tailored to coaching and consulting, some of which offer financial assistance to veterans. Obtaining relevant certifications demonstrates your commitment to professional growth and excellence. In your journey from military service to coaching or consulting, your valuable experiences have given you a strong foundation. Now, it’s time to build upon that foundation and enhance your credibility and marketability. Step 3 is all about investing in your education and obtaining certifications, setting you on the path to becoming a respected and sought-after coach or consultant. The Power of Education and Certification Why is further education and certification crucial for veterans entering the coaching and consulting arena? Here are compelling reasons: - Expanded Knowledge: Formal education exposes you to the latest industry trends, best practices, and emerging technologies. This knowledge empowers you to provide cutting-edge solutions to your clients. - Credibility: Certifications from reputable organizations validate your expertise and commitment to excellence. They build trust with potential clients and partners who seek professionals with proven qualifications. - Skill Refinement: Education and certification programs often focus on developing specific skills required in coaching and consulting, such as effective communication, conflict resolution, and strategic planning. - Networking Opportunities: Enrolling in formal programs allows you to connect with industry peers, mentors, and potential clients. Networking can lead to valuable collaborations and business opportunities. - Access to Resources: Many educational institutions and certification bodies offer resources, tools, and ongoing support that can enhance your coaching or consulting practice. Choosing the Right Education and Certification When selecting education and certification programs, consider the following: - Relevance: Ensure that the program aligns with your chosen specialization and career goals. Look for courses that cover topics essential to your coaching or consulting niche. - Accreditation: Opt for programs offered by accredited institutions or recognized certification bodies. Accreditation adds credibility to your qualifications. - Financial Assistance: Some programs offer financial assistance or scholarships specifically for veterans. Explore these opportunities to alleviate the financial burden of education. - Flexibility: If you plan to continue working while pursuing education, look for programs that offer flexible scheduling or online courses. - Alumni Success: Research the success stories of program alumni. Do they have thriving coaching or consulting careers? Are they making a meaningful impact in their chosen fields? Examples of Relevant Certifications Numerous certifications cater to coaching and consulting professionals. Here are a few examples: - International Coach Federation (ICF) Certification: Recognized globally, this certification is ideal for aspiring coaches. It demonstrates your coaching competency and adherence to ethical standards. - Certified Management Consultant (CMC): Offered by the Institute of Management Consultants USA, this certification is suitable for management consultants looking to enhance their credentials. - Project Management Professional (PMP): Relevant if you specialize in project management consulting. It demonstrates your proficiency in project management principles. - Certified Professional in Healthcare Management (CPHM): Ideal for veterans interested in healthcare consulting. It signifies your expertise in healthcare management and leadership. - Certified Business Coach (CBC): A valuable certification for business coaches. It covers various aspects of coaching in a corporate setting. Investing in your education and obtaining relevant certifications is a pivotal step in your journey from military service to coaching or consulting. It’s a commitment to personal and professional growth, demonstrating your dedication to providing the highest level of service to your clients. As a veteran, you bring unique qualities to the coaching and consulting world, and education and certification will amplify your impact. Embrace this step with enthusiasm, and you’ll find yourself well-equipped to thrive in your chosen coaching or consulting niche. Step 4: Building a Personal Brand In today’s digital age, establishing a strong online presence is vital. Create a professional website, leverage social media platforms, and share valuable content related to your niche. Your online presence should reflect your expertise, values, and the unique perspective you bring as a veteran. Building a personal brand that resonates with your target audience is key to attracting clients. As a veteran transitioning into the world of coaching or consulting, your personal brand is your gateway to reaching and connecting with clients. In Step 4, we delve into the art of crafting a personal brand that not only reflects your unique experiences but also resonates with your target audience. Why is a Personal Brand Important? A personal brand is more than just a logo or a catchy slogan; it’s the sum of your reputation, values, and the unique perspective you offer. Here’s why it matters: - Trust and Credibility: A well-crafted personal brand establishes trust with potential clients. It showcases your expertise and dedication to your chosen field, building credibility from the start. - Differentiation: In a competitive market, your personal brand sets you apart from others offering similar services. It highlights what makes you unique and why clients should choose you. - Client Attraction: A strong personal brand attracts clients who resonate with your values and approach. They are more likely to seek your services because they believe in your vision. - Online Visibility: In the digital realm, your personal brand acts as your digital footprint. It enhances your online visibility and helps potential clients find you with ease. - Consistency: A well-defined personal brand ensures consistency in how you present yourself across various platforms, from your website to social media. Crafting Your Personal Brand - Define Your Brand: Start by defining your brand identity. What are your core values, and what do you stand for? How do your military experiences shape your coaching or consulting approach? Your brand should be an authentic reflection of who you are. - Create a Professional Online Presence: Your website is your virtual storefront. Ensure it’s professional, user-friendly, and showcases your expertise. Leverage social media platforms to share valuable content related to your niche. - Share Your Story: Your military service is a compelling part of your story. Share it with your audience. Explain how your experiences have uniquely positioned you to offer valuable insights and solutions. - Offer Value: Content is king in the digital realm. Share articles, videos, or podcasts that provide valuable information to your target audience. Be consistent in sharing insights that showcase your expertise. - Engage Authentically: Interact with your audience on social media and your website. Respond to comments and messages genuinely. Building a personal brand isn’t just about broadcasting; it’s about building relationships. - Seek Feedback: Don’t hesitate to seek feedback from clients and peers. Their perspectives can help you refine your brand and improve your services. - Stay True to Your Brand: As your coaching or consulting practice grows, stay true to your brand’s core values and principles. Authenticity is a key driver of trust and long-term success. In the journey from military service to coaching or consulting, crafting a personal brand is your compass. It guides you in building trust, connecting with clients, and standing out in a crowded market. Your personal brand is an evolving entity, a reflection of your growth and the value you provide. Embrace it, nurture it, and let it be the bridge that brings your unique skills and experiences to those who need them most. Step 5: Networking and Mentorship Networking is an essential component of success in coaching and consulting. Attend industry events, join relevant associations, and connect with fellow veterans who have made the transition. Seeking mentorship from experienced coaches or consultants can provide valuable insights and guidance as you navigate this new career path. Transitioning from a military career to coaching or consulting is an exciting but often challenging endeavor. In this step, we explore the invaluable role that networking, and mentorship play in your path to success. Why Networking Matters Networking is more than just exchanging business cards or connecting on LinkedIn; it’s about building genuine relationships that can open doors to opportunities you might not have discovered otherwise. Here’s why networking is crucial: - Access to Opportunities: Networking exposes you to a world of opportunities, from potential clients to collaborative ventures. By expanding your circle, you increase your chances of finding the right fit for your coaching or consulting services. - Knowledge Sharing: Interacting with others in your industry allows you to tap into a wealth of knowledge and expertise. You can learn from their experiences, successes, and even their challenges. - Support and Encouragement: Transitioning careers can be daunting. Networking provides you with a support system of like-minded individuals who understand your journey and can offer encouragement and advice. - Visibility: The more you engage in networking, the more visible you become in your field. This visibility can lead to speaking engagements, collaborations, and other opportunities to showcase your expertise. Effective Networking Strategies - Attend Industry Events: Seek out conferences, workshops, and seminars related to your coaching or consulting niche. These events are goldmines for connecting with professionals who share your interests. - Join Associations: Many industries have associations or organizations where like-minded individuals gather. Becoming a member can provide access to valuable resources and networking opportunities. - Online Networking: Leverage social media platforms and online forums to connect with professionals in your field. LinkedIn, in particular, is a powerful tool for building a professional network. - Local Networking Groups: Explore local business or industry-specific networking groups. These often host regular meetings or events where you can meet potential clients and collaborators. The Mentorship Advantage Mentorship is a priceless resource on your journey from military service to coaching or consulting. A mentor is someone who has walked a similar path and can offer guidance, wisdom, and insights. Here’s how mentorship can benefit you: - Accelerated Learning: A mentor can shorten your learning curve by sharing their experiences and knowledge. They can help you avoid common pitfalls and make informed decisions. - Networking Opportunities: Mentors often have extensive networks and can introduce you to key contacts in your industry. - Confidence Boost: Having a mentor provides a sense of support and reassurance, especially during the challenging moments of transitioning careers. - Accountability: Mentors can help you set goals and hold you accountable for achieving them. How to Find a Mentor - Look for Veterans: Seek mentors who have successfully transitioned from military service to coaching or consulting. They’ll understand the unique challenges you face. - Attend Networking Events: Industry events and networking groups are excellent places to meet potential mentors. - Online Mentorship Platforms: Some websites and organizations connect mentors with mentees. These platforms can help you find a suitable mentor. - Ask for Introductions: If you’ve built a strong network, don’t hesitate to ask your connections if they know of someone who could be a mentor. In your journey from military service to a thriving coaching or consulting career, networking and mentorship are your trusted allies. They provide you with the knowledge, support, and connections needed to navigate the challenges and seize the opportunities that come your way. Remember, your success doesn’t just depend on what you know but also on who you know and who guides you along the way. Step 6: Offering Your Services Once you’ve laid the groundwork, it’s time to start offering your coaching or consulting services. Begin with pro bono or low-cost sessions to build your portfolio and gain testimonials. As you gain experience and confidence, gradually increase your rates. Remember, it’s not just about financial gain but also about the fulfillment of helping others reach their goals. You’ve embarked on an incredible journey, transitioning from military service to the world of coaching or consulting. Now, in Step 6, we delve into how to launch your career effectively by offering your valuable services. The First Steps in Your New Career Transitioning from the military to coaching or consulting can be both exciting and challenging. By this point, you’ve assessed your skills, specialized your focus, invested in education and certification, built your personal brand, and networked with professionals in your field. Now, it’s time to put your expertise to work and start making a difference in the lives of your clients. Begin with Pro Bono or Low-Cost Sessions When you’re just starting, offering your services for free or at a reduced cost can be a strategic move. Here’s why: - Build Your Portfolio: As a newcomer, you need a portfolio of successful coaching or consulting experiences. Pro bono or low-cost sessions allow you to accumulate these valuable case studies. - Collect Testimonials: Satisfied clients can provide you with testimonials and recommendations, which will be crucial for building trust with future paying clients. - Gain Experience: Real-world experience is invaluable. By working with clients, you’ll refine your skills, adapt your approach, and learn how to navigate different client personalities. - Showcase Results: Proving your capabilities through successful pro bono work positions you as a credible and competent professional. Gradually Increase Your Rates As you gain experience, confidence, and a track record of successful engagements, it’s time to consider your pricing strategy. Gradually increasing your rates is not only fair to you but also indicative of your growing expertise. Here’s a suggested approach: - Start Low: Initially, set your rates below the industry standard or what you ultimately aim to charge. This attracts early clients who are seeking cost-effective solutions. - Review and Adjust: After several engagements, evaluate your performance, gather feedback, and assess your market demand. Based on this, start raising your rates incrementally. - Package Your Services: Consider offering different packages or tiers of services at varying price points. This provides clients with options and allows you to cater to different budgets. - Communicate Value: With each rate increase, communicate the added value clients will receive. Highlight your track record, testimonials, and the specific benefits they’ll gain from working with you. It’s About More Than Money While financial success is a valid pursuit, remember that your coaching or consulting career is also about making a positive impact. Helping others achieve their goals, whether personal or professional, is immensely rewarding. As you gain experience and a reputation for excellence, you’ll find that your services become increasingly valuable to your clients. A Fulfilling Journey Awaits Launching your coaching or consulting career is a significant milestone. By starting with pro bono or low-cost sessions and gradually increasing your rates, you not only build your portfolio and credibility but also ensure that you’re offering accessible support to those who need it. It’s a journey that combines financial growth with the fulfillment of helping others reach their fullest potential. As you continue on this path, remember that every client you assist brings you one step closer to your own success. Transitioning from the military to a successful career as a coach or consultant is an achievable and rewarding path for veterans. By leveraging your military experience, honing your skills, and adopting an entrepreneurial mindset, you can turn your passion for helping others into a six-figure coaching or consulting business. This journey requires dedication, continuous learning, and a commitment to excellence, but the opportunity to make a meaningful impact on the lives of your clients is immeasurable. So, embrace this path, and let your military leadership skills guide you to a successful and fulfilling post-service career.
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Hang a hummingbird feeder at a height of 4-6 feet above the ground. Hummingbird feeders should be placed at a height where the birds can easily access it and where it is safe from potential predators. When hanging a hummingbird feeder, make sure it is placed in a shaded area to prevent the nectar from spoiling in direct sunlight. Also, ensure the feeder is secure, free from ants by using an ant guard, and cleaned regularly to maintain the health of your visiting hummingbirds. 7 Location: High To Hang A Hummingbird Feeder |Height (in feet) |Allows for easy viewing and helps prevent window collisions |Attracts hummingbirds to nearby flowers and provides a natural setting |Provides shade and protection from predators |Offers additional perching and hiding spots for hummingbirds |Allows for easy access and visibility for the hummingbirds |Patios or Decks |Convenient for refilling and maintenance, and close to human activity |Near Water Features |Attracts hummingbirds with the sound of running water Where Should a Hummingbird Feeder Be Hung? When hanging a hummingbird feeder, it is essential to consider the height, location, and accessibility for both the birds and the observer. A well-placed hummingbird feeder can attract various hummingbirds and create an enjoyable experience for those watching them. - Hang the feeder at a height of 4 to 6 feet (1.2 to 1.8 meters) above the ground - Choose a location where it can be easily visible to the hummingbirds and human observers (e.g., near a window) - Place it in a sheltered area with protection from harsh winds and direct sunlight to maintain sugar water freshness - Position the feeder near flowering plants or trees to provide a natural source of nectar and allow easy access for the hummingbirds - Maintain a distance from busy pathways or noisy areas to reduce stress for the birds and avoid accidental collisions - Ensure the feeder is hung securely, as hummingbirds are cautious around unstable objects By following these suggestions, you will create a welcoming environment for hummingbirds while providing a pleasant viewing experience for yourself and others. “Hummingbirds prefer to feed at a height of 4 to 5 feet above the ground, which is the average height of most flowering plants.”Katie Valentine What’s the Best Height to Hang a Hummingbird Feeder? To attract hummingbirds and ensure their safety and comfort, it is essential to hang the hummingbird feeder at an optimal height. The best height to hang a hummingbird feeder is generally between 4 to 6 feet (1.2 to 1.8 meters) above the ground. By maintaining this height, you can provide an accessible, visible, and safe environment for the hummingbirds while deterring most pests and predators. Factors to consider when hanging a feeder: - Visibility: Hang the feeder in a place where hummingbirds can easily see it, preferably near nectar-rich flowers or colorful plants. - Accessibility: Ensure the feeder is hung in a secure and stable manner, enabling hummingbirds to hover and feed without difficulty. - Safety: Keep the feeder away from busy areas, predators, and potential hazards, such as windows or doors. - Add multiple feeders at varying heights to accommodate various species of hummingbirds and to prevent overcrowding. - Clean the feeder and replace the nectar regularly to maintain a healthy environment for the hummingbirds. - Monitor your feeder during the day to discover the hummingbirds’ preferred feeding times and make adjustments if necessary. By hanging your hummingbird feeder at the ideal height, you can create a pleasant and secure haven for these fascinating birds to visit and enjoy. What Factors Should Be Considered When Hanging a Hummingbird Feeder? When hanging a hummingbird feeder, several factors should be considered to create an ideal environment for both the birds and the observer. These factors include the feeder’s height, location, safety, and accessibility for the hummingbirds. - Height: Hang the feeder at a height of about 5 to 6 feet above the ground. This height is easily accessible for hummingbirds, and it allows for comfortable viewing for observers. - Location: Choose a location near flowering plants that provide natural sources of nectar. This will help attract more hummingbirds to the area and encourage them to stay longer. Additionally, consider placing the feeder in a shaded spot to keep the nectar from spoiling too quickly in the sun. - Safety: Hang the feeder in an area free from potential predators, such as cats or larger birds. Placing the feeder near dense foliage can provide an escape route for hummingbirds in case of danger. - Accessibility: Ensure that the feeder can be easily accessed for cleaning and refilling. Regular maintenance is essential for keeping the nectar fresh and preventing the growth of harmful bacteria. Pro tip: Adding multiple feeders in your yard, spaced at a reasonable distance, may help reduce competition among hummingbirds and provide a more peaceful environment for them to feed.birdsidea What Is the Optimal Height for a Hummingbird Feeder? The optimal height for a hummingbird feeder is between four to six feet above the ground. This elevated position allows for easy accessibility for the hummingbirds while also ensuring that the feeder is visible and out of reach for most predators. The feeder must be hung in a shaded area to protect the nectar from direct sunlight, which may cause it to spoil quickly. It’s also essential to make sure the feeder is secure and stable to prevent spillage. - Optimal height: 4 – 6 feet above ground level - Hang feeder in a shaded area - Ensure feeder is secure and stable Pro Tip: Place the feeder near flowering plants, as it will provide an additional food source for the hummingbirds and encourage frequent visits. Additionally, if possible, position the feeder in a location visible from a window or sitting area, so you can enjoy observing these fascinating creatures up close.birdsidea What Safety Precautions Should Be Taken When Hanging a Hummingbird Feeder? When hanging a hummingbird feeder, it’s essential to prioritize the safety of both the birds and yourself. To ensure a safe and enjoyable environment for the hummingbirds, follow these precautions: - Height Matters: Hang the feeder at least 4-5 feet above the ground. This height helps to deter predators, such as cats and squirrels, and protect the hummingbirds from potential harm. - Sturdy Support: Choose a secure branch or pole to hang the feeder from, making sure it can support the weight of the feeder and any visiting birds. - Away from Windows: Place the feeder at a safe distance from windows to prevent collisions and injuries to the birds. - Shade and Shelter: Hang the feeder in a shaded area to prevent the nectar from fermenting in direct sunlight, and also provide nearby shelter options such as trees or shrubs for the birds to perch. - Cleanliness: Regularly clean the feeder and replace the nectar to prevent bacteria and mold growth, which can harm hummingbirds. How to Hang a Hummingbird Feeder at the Right Height? Hanging a hummingbird feeder at the right height is crucial for attracting these tiny birds to your garden and providing them with a comfortable and safe environment to feed. The ideal height for hanging a hummingbird feeder is between 4 to 6 feet above the ground. This height ensures that the feeder is accessible to the birds while also keeping it out of reach of potential predators. Key points to consider when hanging a hummingbird feeder: - Choose a feeder location that offers some shade during the day to keep the nectar from spoiling in the sun. - Hang the feeder near flowers and plants that hummingbirds are naturally attracted to, such as trumpet vines, fuchsias, and salvia. - Make sure the hummingbird feeder is visible from the sky, so the birds can easily spot it while flying. - Keep the feeder at a safe distance from windows to prevent collisions. Pro tip: To make your garden even more hummingbird-friendly, consider planting native flowers and plants that produce nectar-rich blossoms and provide shelter for the birds. Remember to clean and refill the feeder regularly to ensure the nectar stays fresh and free of bacteria.birdsidea In conclusion, the ideal height for hanging a hummingbird feeder is between 5 and 6 feet. This ensures that the feeder is easily accessible to hummingbirds while also keeping it safe from predators such as domestic cats. When selecting the location to hang the feeder, it’s important to consider the amount of sunlight, wind, and traffic in the area. It’s also important to keep the feeder clean and well-maintained to prevent the spread of disease. By following these best practices, you can attract hummingbirds to your yard and ensure their safety and well-being. - Hang your hummingbird feeder at a height of 5-6 feet. - Consider the amount of sunlight, wind, and traffic in the location. - Keep the feeder clean and well-maintained to prevent the spread of disease. - Choose a location to hang the feeder with ample sunlight and minimal wind and traffic. - Hang the feeder at a height of 5-6 feet to keep it easily accessible to hummingbirds and safe from predators. - Clean and maintain the feeder regularly to ensure the health and safety of the hummingbirds. FAQ for High To Hang A Hummingbird Feeder How high should I hang a hummingbird feeder? Ideally, a hummingbird feeder should be hung between 5 to 8 feet above the ground. This is the most attractive height for hummingbirds and it also keeps the feeder away from predators. Should I hang my hummingbird feeder in a shady area? While it is not necessary to hang a feeder in a shady area, it is beneficial. A shaded area will keep the feeder cooler and will help prevent the nectar from spoiling. Is it okay to hang multiple hummingbird feeders in one location? Yes, it is possible to hang multiple hummingbird feeders in a single location. However, it is recommended to make sure that the feeders are spaced at least four feet apart so that the hummingbirds can have enough space to feed without overcrowding. Is it important to clean the hummingbird feeder regularly? Yes, it is very important to clean the feeder regularly. The nectar should be changed every few days and the feeder should be thoroughly cleaned with hot water and vinegar monthly. This will help minimize the risk of spreading disease among the hummingbirds. Where is the best place for a hummingbird feeder? If you’re a bird lover looking to attract hummers to your yard, you might be wondering about the ideal spot to place your feeder. The location of your hummingbird feeder is critical to entice these tiny birds and keep them safe and happy. The previous heading, “how high to hang a hummingbird feeder?” is just one aspect of placement. Here are some other tips for positioning your feeder in the best possible spot: - Hang your feeder in a shady area to prevent the nectar from spoiling too quickly. - Place the feeder in close proximity to flowering plants or shrubs to offer hummers natural food sources and protect them from predators. - Opt for a spot where you can observe the birds from indoors, such as near a window or on a patio. - Keep the feeder at a sufficient height to guarantee birds’ safety but easy enough to clean and refill. Overall, the ideal location for a hummingbird feeder is one that provides these nectar-loving birds with their favorite food while also keeping them safe from harm. - Hummingbirds are attracted to the color red, so consider buying feeders with red flowers or decorations. - Make sure your feeder is in a spot that is visible but not too close to windows or reflective surfaces, as birds may accidentally fly into them. - Regularly clean your feeder to avoid mold and bacteria build-up that can be harmful to the birds. Where should you not hang a hummingbird feeder? While there are places where you should hang a hummingbird feeder, it’s also essential to know where not to hang it as it can prevent hummingbirds from visiting your feeder. Hummingbirds require a peaceful environment to feed, and placing a feeder in a location that could cause distress or danger could deter them from visiting your feeder. Here are some places where you should not hang a hummingbird feeder: - Near a window that reflects the sky, trees or flowers, or indoors - In direct sunlight for more than half a day - Close to wind chimes or other noisy objects that could scare them away - In an area with lots of ants or bees Be mindful of your feeder’s placement for the safety and well-being of the hummingbirds, and they will reward you with stunning displays of aerial acrobatics. - Avoid hanging hummingbird feeders next to ant-infested areas to avoid losing food to the pests. - It would be best to avoid hanging hummingbird feeders close to areas with excessive human activity to make the birds feel safe and prevent disturbances. - Hummingbird feeders must be placed in areas with natural cover such as shrubs or trees, creating a peaceful environment for the birds. How do you hang a homemade hummingbird feeder? If you’re using a homemade hummingbird feeder, you may be wondering the best way to hang it up in your yard. Luckily, it’s quite simple to do! Here are the steps you can follow: - Find a location that’s easy to see and in a shady spot. - Using a screwdriver or drill, make a hole in the lid of the feeder. - Thread a piece of wire through the hole and make a loop at the end. - Hang the loop on a hook or nail, ensuring it’s sturdy and won’t wobble around. By following these steps, you can easily hang up your homemade hummingbird feeder, and enjoy watching these stunning little birds come and feed in your garden. Make sure your feeder is high enough to keep it away from squirrels and other animals. Where should I hang my bird feeder? If you’re planning to hang a bird feeder in your backyard, it’s important to choose an appropriate location to ensure that the feeder attracts birds and doesn’t create any unwanted problems. The first and foremost requirement is to maintain a distance from any obstacles, such as trees, buildings, or fences, which may give easy access to predators. Additionally, the feeder must be placed in an area where birds can easily spot it and have easy access to food. One of the most effective ways to accomplish this is by hanging the feeder in a high traffic area, where birds can see it from a distance. You may want to experiment with a few different locations to find the perfect spot that works for your garden and attracts the most variety of birds. Here are some additional tips to keep in mind when hanging a bird feeder: - Choose a spot that is easily visible from your window so you can observe the birds and enjoy their beauty. - Make sure to keep the feeder clean and your feeding area tidy to prevent the spread of diseases or attracting pests. - Use a sturdy hanger or pole and make sure that it’s properly secured to avoid any accidents. - Provide different types of feeders to attract different types of birds and offer different types of food suited for their diet. This is often used in the design of bird feeders to attract specific birds by using their favorite colors. What size hummingbird feeder is best? If you’ve decided to add a hummingbird feeder to your backyard, you may be wondering what size is suitable for these tiny creatures. Whether you are a novice or an experienced birdwatcher, choosing the right size feeder can have a significant impact on the birds’ feeding patterns and your overall birdwatching experience. One crucial factor to keep in mind is the height of the feeder. Ideally, the feeder should be hung at eye level or slightly higher, making it easier for you to see the birds and allowing them to feed at their preferred height. Additionally, it is essential to place the feeder in a shaded area to prevent the nectar from spoiling. Hummingbirds are incredibly active and need to consume a lot of food, so they tend to feed frequently, which means you’ll need to refill the feeder often. - The recommended size for a hummingbird feeder is between 8-16 ounces. - A larger feeder means more nectar, which can spoil and attract unwanted insects. - A smaller feeder may need to be refilled more frequently, but it offers a more suitable environment for the birds. - Consider purchasing a feeder with bee guards to prevent bees and other insects from drinking the nectar. In conclusion, finding the best size hummingbird feeder comes down to your preferences and the birds’ feeding patterns in your area. Choose a feeder that’s easy to refill and clean, hang it at the right height, and place it in a shaded area to keep the nectar fresh. With the right feeder and location, you’re sure to attract a range of hummingbirds to your backyard, providing endless entertainment and a unique natural experience. How to attract and keep birds coming to your feeder? One effective way is to offer them a reliable source of food through a bird feeder. But it’s not just about setting up a feeder and hoping for the best. To attract and keep birds coming to your feeder, there are several important factors to consider. Here are some tips on how to attract and keep birds coming to your feeder: - Choose the right feeder based on the bird species you want to attract. For example, tube feeders are great for attracting small birds like finches and chickadees, while hoppers and platform feeders are better suited for larger birds like cardinals and jays. - Offer a variety of foods to cater to different bird species. Black oil sunflower seeds and suet are popular options that attract a wide range of birds. - Keep your feeder clean and well-maintained to prevent the spread of diseases among birds. - Place your feeder in a location that is easily accessible for birds but also safe from predators like cats and squirrels. By following these tips and providing a welcoming environment for birds, you can enjoy the beauty and delight of these feathered friends in your own backyard. - Offer different types of feeders to cater to different bird species - Fill your feeder with a variety of foods to attract birds - Clean your feeder regularly to prevent the spread of diseases - Place your feeder in a safe location for birds and away from predators - Keep a consistent feeding schedule to establish a routine for birds
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Craft Your Cozy Escape: DIY Book Nook Kit! Welcome to our ultimate guide on creating your very own cozy escape with a DIY Book Nook Kit! If you're in search of a delightful crafting project that combines your love for books, creativity, and home decor, then you're in the right place. In this comprehensive blog post, we'll take you on a journey to discover the enchanting world of DIY book nooks, offering step-by-step instructions, inspiring craft ideas, and a plethora of tips to transform a corner of your home into a captivating reading nook. Imagine: A cozy little space designed especially for you to indulge in your favorite books, surrounded by whimsical decorations that transport you to another world. Whether you're a book enthusiast, a craft lover, or someone in search of a personal sanctuary, creating a DIY book nook is the perfect endeavor to unleash your creativity and add a touch of charm to your home. In this blog, we'll delve into the art of crafting a book nook, exploring the materials you'll need, design inspirations, and inventive ways to personalize your reading corner. We'll also share insightful tips to make your book nook a stylish and comfortable retreat for hours of uninterrupted reading pleasure. So, get ready to embark on a wonderful journey of creativity and relaxation as we guide you through the process of bringing your DIY book nook to life. Let's turn the pages and uncover the magic of crafting your very own cozy escape! - Section 1: Introduction to DIY Book Nook Kit - Section 2: Benefits of Creating a Cozy Book Nook - Section 3: Essential Materials and Tools for DIY Book Nook Kit - Section 4: Step-by-Step Guide to Creating Your Book Nook - Section 5: Personalization and Creative Ideas for Your Book Nook - Section 6: Tips for Maintaining and Enhancing Your Cozy Book Nook Introduction to DIY Book Nook Kit Welcome to the world of cozy escapes and creative craft ideas! Have you ever dreamed of having a dedicated space for reading and relaxation? A place where you can immerse yourself in your favorite books and create a serene sanctuary right in your own home? Look no further than the DIY Book Nook Kit – a delightful and customizable creation that brings the charm of a reading nook into any corner of your living space. Unleash Your Creativity with DIY Book Nook Kit The DIY Book Nook Kit is the ultimate opportunity to unleash your creativity and personalize your cozy escape. Whether you're an avid reader, a craft enthusiast, or someone seeking a tranquil spot for unwinding, this DIY project offers a perfect blend of functionality and artistic expression. With this kit, you can transform a simple bookshelf or a compact area into a captivating retreat that reflects your style and passions. Essential Components of the DIY Book Nook Kit Let's delve into the essential components of this exceptional DIY kit to understand the foundation of creating the perfect reading nook within your home: - LED Lighting: The kit includes soft and warm LED lighting strips, designed to add an enchanting ambiance to your book nook while ensuring comfortable reading conditions. - Miniature Furniture: Delight in the charming intricacies of miniature furniture pieces that bring an endearing touch to your cozy escape. From tiny tables and chairs to adorable bookshelves, these elements elevate the allure of your nook. - Décor Materials: Embrace the art of personalization with an assortment of decor materials, including faux grass, tiny ornaments, and customizable stickers to add your unique flair to the space. - Instruction Guide: The kit provides a comprehensive instruction guide, ensuring that crafting your book nook remains an enjoyable and stress-free experience. Unwind in Your Reading Nook Imagine unwinding in a space that is tailor-made for comfort and immersion in compelling stories. With a DIY Book Nook Kit, you can effortlessly construct a soothing and inviting reading nook that becomes your go-to haven for relaxation, creativity, and leisurely reading sessions.``` Creating a DIY Book Nook Kit not only adds a personal touch to your home decor but also provides a dedicated space for peaceful reading experiences. This creative endeavor allows you to express your individual style and immerse yourself in the world of books without leaving the comfort of your home. Stay tuned for more insightful sections on embellishing and customizing your DIY Book Nook Kit to craft the ultimate cozy escape! The Benefits of Creating a Cozy Book Nook Transforming a corner of your home into a cozy book nook offers numerous benefits beyond just being a delightful space to read. Not only does it provide a peaceful escape, but it also adds a touch of charm to your home decor. Let's explore the many advantages of creating your very own book nook! 1. Encourages Reading and Relaxation A dedicated space for reading can encourage you and your loved ones to pick up a book and unwind amidst the pages. It serves as a visual cue to take a break from the busyness of daily life, promoting relaxation and intellectual stimulation at the same time. 2. Personalized Cozy Escape By crafting a DIY book nook, you can tailor the space to reflect your personality and preferences. Whether it's incorporating your favorite colors, adding soft lighting, or including plush seating, the nook becomes a personalized retreat within your home – a snug haven designed just for you. 3. Enhances Home Decor A well-designed book nook can add aesthetic value to your home. It can serve as a striking focal point in any room and create a cozy ambiance with its warmth and character. The right decor and furnishings can complement the overall interior design, elevating the space's visual appeal. 4. Promotes Creativity and Inspiration Having a dedicated reading corner can ignite creativity and inspire imaginative thinking. It provides a sanctuary for brainstorming, journaling, or simply pondering over thoughts. With the right ambiance and surroundings, your book nook can become a hub for innovative ideas and artistic pursuits. 5. Space Utilization and Multifunctionality Creating a book nook allows you to effectively utilize underutilized or small spaces. It transforms a neglected corner into a functional and inviting area. Additionally, this cozy escape can also serve as a versatile space for various activities including writing, crafting, or even as a spot for quiet conversations. 6. Family Bonding and Socializing For families, a book nook can become a shared space for bonding and quality time. It serves as a gathering spot for storytimes, cozy reading sessions, and discussions, creating lasting memories and cultivating a love for books and literature among family members. Integrating a cozy escape into your home through a DIY book nook not only offers these benefits but also fosters a deeper appreciation for reading and creativity. It's a practical yet enchanting addition to any household. So, pick up your crafting tools and let’s embark on this delightful journey in creating your own personal oasis! Essential Materials and Tools for DIY Book Nook Kit Creating your own cozy escape with a DIY Book Nook Kit is an exciting project that requires certain essential materials and tools. Before diving into this craft, it's important to gather everything you need, from basic materials to specialized tools, to ensure a smooth and enjoyable DIY experience. When embarking on the journey of building your very own book nook, it's crucial to gather the essential materials to bring your vision to life. Here’s a comprehensive list of materials needed: - Wood: Choose a sturdy and high-quality wood, such as plywood, for the construction of your book nook. - Nails and Screws: These will be essential for assembling the various components of the book nook. - Wood Glue: Use wood glue in conjunction with nails and screws to ensure the stability of the book nook. - LED Lights: LED strip lights will provide the perfect ambiance for your cozy reading nook. - Paint or Stain: Select your preferred paint or wood stain to add a personal touch to the book nook's appearance. Equipping yourself with the right tools is essential for the successful construction of your DIY book nook kit. Here are the tools you'll need: - Power Drill: A power drill will be indispensable for creating holes and driving screws into the wood. - Saw: Depending on the complexity of your design, you'll need a handsaw or a powered saw for cutting the wood to the required dimensions. - Measuring Tape: Precision is key, and a measuring tape will ensure accurate dimensions for the construction. - Sanding Block: Smooth out rough edges and surfaces with a sanding block for a polished finish. - Paintbrushes: Choose a selection of high-quality paintbrushes for applying paint or stain to the wood. While the essential materials and tools lay the foundation for your book nook project, considering additional elements can elevate the experience further: - Cushions and Pillows: Add comfort and coziness to your book nook with plush cushions and pillows for relaxation. - Mini Shelves: Incorporating mini shelves within the book nook can provide storage for your favorite reads. - Decorative Accents: Personalize your book nook with decorative elements such as fake ivy, fairy lights, or framed inspirational quotes. By gathering these essential materials, tools, and additional elements, you're well-prepared to embark on the rewarding journey of creating your very own DIY book nook kit. With careful planning and attention to detail, your cozy reading nook will soon become a cherished corner within your home, tailored to your unique taste and style.```html Step-by-Step Guide to Creating Your Book Nook``` Creating your very own DIY Book Nook is an exciting and rewarding project that will transform any corner of your home into a cozy escape. With the right materials and a dash of creativity, you can craft a unique space for reading, relaxing, and unwinding. Let's dive into the step-by-step guide to creating your own personalized Book Nook! 1. Choose the Perfect Location The first step in creating your Book Nook is choosing the ideal location in your home. Look for a cozy corner with good natural light, a comfortable reading chair, and enough space for your Book Nook kit. Consider areas near windows, under staircases, or even alcoves that could be transformed into a literary oasis. Ensure the location provides a peaceful and inviting atmosphere, perfect for getting lost in a good book. 2. Assemble Your DIY Book Nook Kit Acquiring a DIY Book Nook kit is a convenient way to gather the essential components for your project. These kits typically include a wooden or cardboard structure, LED lights, miniature furniture, and decorative elements. Embrace your creativity by personalizing your kit with additional miniature items such as tiny books, plants, or even tiny framed artwork to make it uniquely yours. 3. Prepare the Base Structure Once you have your kit, carefully unbox the components and lay them out. Follow the assembly instructions provided, starting with the base structure. Whether it's a pre-made wooden nook or a DIY cardboard nook, ensure it is stable and secure, able to support the weight of the added features. Take your time with this step to guarantee a solid foundation for your Book Nook. 4. Customize and Decorate Get creative and personalize your Book Nook by painting the exterior or adding wallpaper to the walls. You can also incorporate small details like a tiny rug, decorative trim, or a window seat. Consider adding a "roof" with shingles or greenery to create a whimsical touch. The goal is to create a charming and inviting space that reflects your personal style and love for reading. 5. Install Lighting and Furnishings The right lighting can enhance the ambiance of your Book Nook. Utilize the LED lights included in your kit or add fairy lights to create a warm and enchanting atmosphere. Place miniature furniture such as a tiny chair, table, or bookshelf inside the nook. Arrange the furnishings thoughtfully to maximize comfort and functionality within the confined space. 6. Add Cozy Accessories Elevate the comfort and charm of your Book Nook with cozy accessories like miniature throw pillows, a small blanket, and a tiny reading lamp. These details not only enhance the coziness but also make the space more inviting. Consider adding a book stand or a tiny bookcase to showcase your favorite reads within the nook. 7. Personalize with Books and Trinkets Finally, it's time to populate your Book Nook with cherished books and literary trinkets. Select a few of your favorite novels or poetry collections to place inside the nook. For added character, consider adding miniatures like a tiny teacup, potted plants, or a decorative clock to bring life to the space. These personal touches will make your Book Nook feel like a true escape. Following these steps will allow you to create a captivating and cozy Book Nook that's perfect for unwinding with a good book.```html Personalization and Creative Ideas for Your Book Nook Now that you've assembled your DIY Book Nook Kit and created a cozy reading space, it's time to infuse it with your personal touch and creative flair. Personalization is key to making your book nook a unique and inviting retreat within your home. Let's explore some inspiring ideas to help you customize and decorate your book nook to reflect your individual style and interests. Themed Decor and Accessories Infusing a theme into your book nook can make it feel like a whimsical escape into another world. Whether you're drawn to the enchantment of a fairy-tale forest, the nostalgia of a vintage library, or the tranquility of a seaside retreat, **themed decor and accessories** can bring your chosen ambiance to life. Consider the following ideas to add a touch of personalization: - Hang fairy lights or paper lanterns for a magical ambiance - Display vintage books or antique trinkets for a sense of history - Incorporate seashells, driftwood, and nautical hues for a coastal feel DIY Book Nook Crafts Adding a handmade touch to your book nook can elevate its charm and uniqueness. Engage in **DIY book nook crafts** to create custom decor pieces or functional accessories that will enrich the coziness of your reading space. Here are a few craft ideas to inspire your creativity: - Create personalized bookends using painted wooden blocks or sculpted clay - Sew decorative pillow covers featuring literary quotes or whimsical designs - Build a small bookshelf from reclaimed wood for a rustic, artisanal vibe Comfy Seating and Textiles The comfort of your reading nook is essential for creating a cozy and inviting atmosphere. Carefully selecting **comfy seating and textiles** that evoke warmth and relaxation can greatly enhance your reading experience. Consider the following elements to personalize your book nook seating area: - Layer soft cushions, faux fur throws, and knit blankets for a snug feel - Customize throw pillow covers with your favorite literary quotes or patterns - Introduce a plush reading chair or a bean bag for ultimate comfort Gallery Wall of Inspiration Embrace the walls around your book nook as a canvas for showcasing your inspirations, passions, and creativity. Creating a **gallery wall of inspiration** allows you to personalize the space with art, photographs, and mementos that hold special meaning to you. Here's how you can curate a captivating gallery wall: - Frame and display your favorite book covers as art pieces - Hang motivational or literary quote prints for daily inspiration - Include family photos, travel souvenirs, or nature-inspired artwork Tips for Maintaining and Enhancing Your Cozy Book Nook Once you've created your DIY Book Nook Kit and transformed a corner of your home into a cozy escape, it's essential to maintain and enhance this special space. Here are some valuable tips to help you preserve the charm and elevate the comfort of your reading nook. Regular Cleaning and Organization A well-maintained book nook is a delightful retreat for relaxation and reading. To keep the space inviting, **regular cleaning and organization** are key. Consider the following: - Dust and wipe down shelves, books, and furniture regularly to maintain a fresh and welcoming atmosphere. - Organize your books by genre, author, or color to create an aesthetically pleasing arrangement that also makes it easier to find your next read. - Invest in storage solutions such as decorative baskets or bookends to keep clutter at bay. Cozy Up with Soft Furnishings Enhance the comfort and style of your book nook by incorporating **soft furnishings** that invite you to snuggle up with a good book. Here are some ideas: - Layer throw blankets and cushions in textures and colors that complement your décor for a cozy, inviting ambiance. - Consider adding a plush rug or carpet to the area to create a warm and comfortable reading space. - Include a reading chair or bean bag that offers both support and comfort for extended reading sessions. Personalize with Decorative Touches Infuse your book nook with personality and charm by incorporating **decorative touches** that reflect your style and interests. Here's how you can personalize your cozy reading corner: - Showcase your favorite art, photographs, or wall decor to create a visually appealing backdrop for your reading haven. - Add potted plants or a small vase of fresh flowers to bring a touch of nature indoors and create a serene atmosphere. - Incorporate ambient lighting with lamps or string lights to set the mood and make your reading nook even more inviting. Refresh Your Reading Material Keep your reading nook engaging and dynamic by **refreshing your reading material** regularly. A well-curated selection of books can elevate your reading experience. Consider the following: - Rotate books in and out of your reading nook to keep the content fresh and cater to your evolving interests. - Include a mix of genres, from fiction and non-fiction to poetry and art books, to cater to different moods and preferences. - Display a few books with beautiful covers as decorative accents to add visual interest to your book nook. By incorporating these tips into your book nook maintenance routine, you can ensure that your cozy escape remains a cherished sanctuary for relaxation, contemplation, and, of course, immersive reading experiences. Creating your very own DIY Book Nook Kit can truly transform your space into a cozy escape that invites relaxation and immersion in the world of books. By following the step-by-step guide and incorporating your personal touches, you not only engage in a fulfilling craft project but also curate a unique reading nook tailored to your preferences. The process of assembling the book nook serves as a creative outlet and can greatly enhance your home decor with a touch of charm and personality. As you dive into this crafting adventure, remember that the essence of a reading nook extends beyond its physical form. It symbolizes a dedicated space for relaxation, imagination, and personal enrichment. Embrace the journey of building your own cozy haven and enjoy the pleasures of reading in a comforting and aesthetically pleasing environment. We encourage you to share your DIY Book Nook Kit creation with us and inspire others to embark on their own crafting and reading adventures. Join the community of book lovers and home decor enthusiasts who have found joy in blending creativity and literature. With this cozy escape at your fingertips, let your imagination soar amidst the pages of your favorite books and indulge in the comfort of your personalized reading nook. Q: What materials do I need for a DIY Book Nook Kit? A: You will need a wooden crate, craft knife, glue, LED lights, small figurines or miniatures, and decorative paper or paint. Q: Can I customize the theme of the book nook? A: Absolutely! You have the creative freedom to customize the theme based on your favorite books, movies, or any other inspiration. Q: How can I incorporate furniture into the book nook? A: You can include small furniture pieces like miniature chairs or tables to enhance the realism of your reading nook. Q: Is the DIY Book Nook Kit suitable for all age groups? A: Yes, it's a versatile craft that can be enjoyed by individuals of all ages, making it a wonderful family-friendly activity. Q: Can I use the book nook for purposes other than reading? A: Absolutely! The book nook can also serve as a decorative element or a miniature diorama to display your creativity in a unique and charming way.
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10 Essential Steps to Achieve a Healthy and Balanced Diet through Clean Eating Are you tired of feeling sluggish, bloated, and lacking energy? Do you want to make a positive change in your life and improve your overall well-being? Here’s more information about https://www.bloggingcastle.com/ take a look at our own web-site. Look no further than this comprehensive article that offers you a road map to adopting a clean, nourishing lifestyle. In just 10 simple steps, you can transform your eating habits and embark on a journey towards a healthier, happier you. Embrace the power of mindful eating and learn to savor every bite. By being more present and aware of the food you consume, you can build a stronger connection with your body and make more informed choices. This means paying attention to your hunger and fullness cues, as well as the taste, texture, and satisfaction each meal brings. By becoming a more conscious eater, you can break free from unhealthy patterns and develop a positive relationship with food. Get back to basics and rediscover the joy of whole foods. Instead of relying on processed and packaged items, opt for fresh fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. These nutrient-dense foods provide your body with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that support optimal health. Fill your plate with vibrant colors and experiment with different flavors to create a diverse and exciting menu that nourishes both your body and soul. Don’t underestimate the power of hydration in achieving a clean lifestyle. Water is essential for flushing out toxins, regulating body temperature, and maintaining proper bodily functions. Kickstart your day by drinking a glass of water upon waking and make it a habit to carry a reusable water bottle with you throughout the day. Add a squeeze of lemon or a few slices of cucumber for a refreshing twist that will make hydration more enjoyable. 10 Essential Steps to Achieve a Nourishing Eating Routine In this section, we will explore ten fundamental steps that can help transform your dietary habits into a healthier and more mindful approach. By incorporating these steps into your daily routine, you can cultivate a nourishing and balanced lifestyle that promotes overall well-being. 1. Foster Mindful Awareness of Food Intake Develop a deeper sense of awareness and appreciation for the food you consume. Pay attention to the flavors, textures, and aromas, allowing yourself to fully engage with each bite. By practicing mindful eating, you can enhance your connection with your meals and make more conscious choices. 2. Prioritize Whole and Nutrient-Dense Foods Emphasize the consumption of whole foods, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. These nutrient-dense options provide essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that support your overall health and vitality. 3. Opt for Unprocessed Alternatives Choose unprocessed foods whenever possible, as they are free from artificial additives and preservatives. Aim for natural and minimally processed options, such as fresh produce, whole grains, and lean meats. 4. Diversify Your Plate with Colorful Produce Integrate an array of vibrant fruits and vegetables into your daily meals. The diverse range of colors indicates a variety of essential nutrients, which can contribute to improved immune function, greater energy levels, and enhanced overall health. 5. Mindful Portion Control Practice portion control by using smaller plates and mindful eating techniques. Be attentive to your body’s hunger and fullness cues, ensuring that you consume an appropriate amount of food to support your nutritional needs. 6. Hydrate with Nature’s Elixir Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated and support optimal bodily functions. Additionally, herbal teas and infused water can provide refreshing and flavorful alternatives to sugary beverages. 7. Incorporate Healthy Fats Include sources of healthy fats, such as avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil, in your meals. These fats provide essential fatty acids that support brain health, promote satiety, and contribute to glowing skin. 8. Reduce Added Sugar Intake Minimize your consumption of foods and beverages that contain added sugars, such as sodas, candies, and processed snacks. Instead, satisfy your sweet tooth with natural alternatives like fresh fruits or homemade treats sweetened with natural sweeteners. 9. Prioritize Home-Cooked Meals Take charge of your nutrition by preparing homemade meals whenever possible. This way, you have control over the ingredients and can ensure that your meals align with your clean eating goals. 10. Practice Moderation and Flexibility Remember to approach clean eating with flexibility and moderation. Allow yourself the freedom to enjoy occasional indulgences or dining out while maintaining a balanced and mindful approach to food. Understanding the Concept of Nourishing Eating and Its Advantages When it comes to embracing a healthy lifestyle, it’s important to comprehend the essence of nourishing eating and the numerous benefits it can bring. By adopting a mindful approach to the foods we consume, we can experience improvements in our overall well-being, enhance our energy levels, and promote optimal physical and mental functioning. The Basics of Nourishing Eating Nourishing eating involves making conscious choices about the foods we eat and prioritizing nutrient-dense options that support our body’s needs. It emphasizes consuming whole, unprocessed foods that are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and other essential nutrients. By focusing on quality rather than quantity, nourishing eating encourages us to savor each bite and develop a deeper appreciation for the nourishment our food provides. The Benefits of Nourishing Eating The advantages of embracing a nourishing eating approach are far-reaching and have a positive impact on various aspects of our lives. By fueling our bodies with wholesome foods, we can experience increased energy levels, improved digestion, and enhanced mental clarity. Additionally, nourishing eating can help maintain a healthy weight, support a strong immune system, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. |1. Enhanced energy levels |2. Improved digestion |3. Increased mental clarity |4. Healthy weight maintenance |5. Strengthened immune system |6. Reduced risk of chronic diseases By understanding the concept of nourishing eating and its potential advantages, we can make informed choices that support our journey towards a healthier and more vibrant life. Revamping Your Pantry: Eliminating Processed Foods In this section, we will explore the essential steps to transform your pantry into a haven of wholesome ingredients, free from processed foods that can hinder your journey towards a healthier lifestyle. 1. Purge the Pantry: Begin by removing any processed foods, such as sugary snacks, refined grains, and artificial ingredients. Embrace this opportunity to declutter and create space for nourishing alternatives. 2. Read Labels: Educate yourself on deciphering food labels. Pay attention to buzzwords like “artificial,” “hydrogenated,” and “high-fructose corn syrup.” Opt for products that contain recognizable, natural ingredients. 3. Stock Up on Whole Foods: Fill your pantry with an abundance of wholesome options, including fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and lean proteins. These nutrient-dense foods will support your clean eating goals. 4. Swap Out Sugary Condiments: Replace processed condiments, like sugary ketchup and creamy dressings, with homemade alternatives using fresh ingredients or opt for healthier store-bought options with no added sugars. 5. Choose Healthy Fats: Ditch processed oils and margarine in favor of nutritious fats like olive oil, avocado oil, and coconut oil. These fats offer essential nutrients and can enhance the flavor of your dishes. 6. Embrace Whole Grains: Remove refined grains such as white bread and pasta, and opt for whole-grain alternatives like quinoa, brown rice, and whole wheat bread. These options are rich in fiber and nutrients. 7. Get Creative with Snacks: Replace processed snacks with homemade options like air-popped popcorn, veggie sticks with hummus, or a handful of nuts. These choices offer nutrients and are free from artificial additives. 8. Avoid Sugary Beverages: Say goodbye to soda, sugary juices, and energy drinks. Instead, hydrate with water, herbal tea, or infused water with fresh fruits and herbs for a refreshing twist. 9. Organize for Success: Arrange your pantry in a way that promotes healthy choices. Keep nutritious foods at eye level and within reach, making them the go-to options when hunger strikes. 10. Stay Mindful: Maintain a conscious approach to your pantry choices. Continually reassess and make adjustments as you develop a deeper understanding of clean eating principles and what works best for your body. By eliminating processed foods from your pantry, you are taking a significant step towards embracing a clean eating lifestyle. With a well-stocked pantry full of nourishing options, you’ll find it easier to make healthier choices and achieve your wellness goals. Stocking Up on Nutrient-Rich Foods: Your Essential Grocery List When it comes to nourishing your body and maintaining a wholesome lifestyle, it is crucial to stock your kitchen with a variety of nutrient-dense foods. By choosing these foods wisely, you can ensure that your meals are packed with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Here is a comprehensive grocery list to help you create a healthy and well-balanced diet. 1. Fresh Produce Incorporate a wide range of fresh fruits and vegetables into your grocery list. Opt for colorful options like leafy greens, berries, citrus fruits, tomatoes, avocados, and cruciferous vegetables. These natural powerhouses are rich in fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants that support overall health. 2. Whole Grains Include whole grains such as oats, quinoa, brown rice, whole wheat bread, and whole grain pasta in your grocery haul. These complex carbohydrates provide sustained energy, fiber, and essential nutrients like B vitamins and minerals. 3. Lean Protein Stock up on lean sources of protein like skinless poultry, fish, tofu, legumes, and low-fat dairy products. These protein sources are vital for muscle repair, growth, and overall body functioning. 4. Healthy Fats Add foods rich in healthy fats to your shopping list, such as avocados, nuts, seeds, olive oil, and fatty fish like salmon. These fats provide omega-3 fatty acids, which promote heart health and contribute to brain function. 5. Dairy Alternatives If you opt for dairy-free alternatives, choose unsweetened plant-based milks like almond, soy, or oat milk. These options can be fortified with calcium and vitamins, helping you meet your nutritional needs. 6. Herbs and Spices Enhance the flavor of your dishes with a variety of herbs and spices. Include options like turmeric, ginger, garlic, cinnamon, and oregano in your grocery list. Not only do they add taste, but they also provide potential health benefits. 7. Nuts and Seeds Don’t forget to add a variety of nuts and seeds to your shopping cart. Almonds, walnuts, chia seeds, flaxseeds, and pumpkin seeds are excellent sources of healthy fats, fiber, and essential nutrients. 8. Balanced Snacks Choose nutrient-dense snacks like Greek yogurt, hummus, fresh fruit, and homemade granola bars. These options will keep you satisfied between meals and provide you with necessary nutrients. 9. Hydration Essentials Stay hydrated by stocking up on water, herbal teas, and low-sugar beverages. Avoid sugary drinks and opt for natural options to support optimal health. 10. Meal Preparation Staples Make sure to have a variety of herbs, spices, and condiments in your kitchen to add flavor to your meals without relying on unhealthy additives. Also, consider having meal prep containers, storage bags, and reusable water bottles for convenient and eco-friendly practices. |Leafy greens, berries, citrus fruits, avocados |Oats, quinoa, whole wheat bread |Poultry, fish, tofu, legumes |Avocados, nuts, olive oil |Almond milk, soy milk |Herbs and Spices |Turmeric, ginger, garlic |Nuts and Seeds |Almonds, chia seeds, flaxseeds |Greek yogurt, fresh fruit |Water, herbal teas |Meal Preparation Staples |Herbs, spices, storage containers Meal Planning Made Simple: Strategies for Preparing Nutritious and Flavorful Meals Efficient meal planning plays a crucial role in maintaining a well-balanced and satisfying diet. In this section, we’ll explore practical tips and techniques to help you effortlessly create healthy and delectable meals that will nourish your body and tantalize your taste buds. 1. Embrace Variety One key aspect of successful meal planning is incorporating a wide range of ingredients to ensure you receive a diverse array of nutrients. Experiment with various fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats to create enticing and nutritionally-dense meals. 2. Master the Art of Batch Cooking Streamline your meal preparation process by dedicating a specific time each week to batch cook staple ingredients. Preparing large quantities of grains, proteins, and roasted vegetables in advance will save you time and enable you to assemble quick and nutritious meals throughout the week. 3. Make the Most of Leftovers Don’t let leftover ingredients go to waste! Be creative and repurpose them into new meals. For example, leftover roasted chicken can be transformed into a flavorful salad or added to a stir-fry for a delicious twist. 4. Plan Around Seasonal Produce Take advantage of the freshest and most flavorful ingredients by planning your meals around seasonal produce. Not only will this enhance the taste of your dishes, but it will also support local farmers and ensure you consume a variety of nutrient-dense foods. 5. Create a Weekly Meal Calendar Devote a few minutes each week to create a meal calendar. This visual tool will help you stay organized and ensure you have all necessary ingredients on hand. It will also provide a clear outline of your meals for the week, eliminating the stress of deciding what to cook each day. 6. Pre-Portion Meals for Portability If you have a busy lifestyle or frequently eat on-the-go, pre-portioning your meals into individual containers can be a game-changer. This way, you can easily grab a nutritious meal when you’re pressed for time, avoiding unhealthy options. 7. Experiment with Spices and Herbs Elevate the flavor profile of your dishes by experimenting with a variety of spices and herbs. Not only will they add depth to your meals, but many spices also contain health-promoting properties, making them an excellent addition to a clean and nutritious diet. 8. Keep a Well-Stocked Pantry Maintaining a well-stocked pantry with essential staples ensures you have the necessary ingredients readily available to create healthy and satisfying meals. Items such as whole grains, canned beans, nuts, and seeds can be versatile and form the basis of many nutritious recipes. 9. Utilize Freezer-Friendly Recipes Prepare large batches of soups, stews, and casseroles that can be frozen in individual portions. This way, you’ll always have a wholesome and homemade option available whenever you’re short on time or energy. 10. Don’t Forget to Enjoy the Process Meal planning should be an enjoyable and creative experience. Embrace the opportunity to try new recipes, experiment with flavors, and savor the satisfaction of nourishing yourself and your loved ones with wholesome and delicious meals. What is clean eating? Clean eating is a dietary approach that focuses on consuming whole and unprocessed foods while avoiding highly processed and refined products. It involves incorporating fresh fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats into your diet. How can clean eating help me maintain a healthy lifestyle? Clean eating can help you maintain a healthy lifestyle by providing your body with essential nutrients and minimizing the intake of harmful additives, preservatives, and excessive sugar. It can support weight management, improve digestion, boost energy levels, and reduce the risk of various diseases. What are some easy tips for transitioning to a clean eating diet? Transitioning to a clean eating diet can be made easier by gradually incorporating healthy foods into your meals. Start by adding more fruits and vegetables to your plate, choosing whole grains over refined ones, and opting for lean proteins like chicken, fish, or tofu. Gradually reduce the consumption of processed snacks, sugary drinks, and fast food.
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So if you’re wondering whether or not card count is legal, profitable… Check out our guide to card counting in Blackjack for more information. The primary downside is that you miss out on the social aspect of gambling. When playing online, you usually do so by yourself in front of a computer screen or on your cell phone. Now that we are connected to digital devices all day long, we can choose when and where we play blackjack. The dealer then deals the cards – two of them for each player, including himself. If the first two cards dealt to a split hand total 9, 10 or 11 you may double. If a ten-point card is dealt to either Ace, the hand is treated as a 21, not Blackjack. If the first two cards dealt to a split hand total 9, 10 or 11 you may double providing the hand does not contain an Ace.If you split Aces, only one card is dealt to each Ace. After the boxes have finished playing, the dealer’s hand is resolved by drawing cards until the hand achieves a total of 17 or higher. Punto Banco is a popular card game that has been enjoyed around the world for many years Now, playing Punto Banco online is a great way to… Whenever the first card dealt to the dealer is an Ace, the dealer will announce, “Insurance” or “Surrender”, and you may make an insurance bet in case the dealer makes Pontoon. You may not handle, remove or alter any cards used in the game of Blackjack Challenge. Although the dealer will call out the card totals, it is your responsibility toalso check your point totals are correct. Player 21 – In the event yourpoint total equals 21 (not Blackjack), you automatically win and the dealer will pay you even money. - It also reflects the decreased likelihood of a blackjack–blackjack push in a game with fewer decks. - In the home game, all of the players have the opportunity to be the dealer (a “changing bank”). - Counting cards is one of the most widely used blackjack strategies. - The dreaded bust happens when your hand’s value exceeds 21, and you’re out of the game. - The vibrant atmosphere, the chance to mingle and interact with fellow players, and the charm of live dealers create an unmatched social experience. - In this case, the combined value of your hand is 16 because 7 + 9 equals 16. - Depending on the casino, you can resplit your hands several times. - You can also get a “blackjack” by being dealt an ace and a ten right away, equalling 21. To indicate to the dealer you wish to forfeit, simply move your finger in a scratching motion towards you. If you do not wish to forfeit, move your hand in a horizontal cut-off motion. All winning doubled wagers will be paid at odds of 1 to 1 and are not eligible for the payout odds and Super Bonus odds as set out in Tables 1 and 2. How long will it take to memorise the strategy on the charts? The action is streamed live to your computer or mobile device in high-definition. You’ll be able to see the dealer and hear them speaking and chat with them and other players using the live chat function. The side wager is typically placed in a designated area next to the box for the main wager. A player wishing to wager on a side bet usually must place a wager on blackjack. Some games require that the blackjack wager should equal or exceed any side bet wager. While various betting systems claim to give you an edge in blackjack, many are primarily based on misconceptions and superstitions. After all, blackjack, like most casino card games, is a game of skill combined with luck. Bet behind is a feature in certain deck games, particularly in online casino games like those featured in WynnBET.com. A bet behind allows you to wager on another player’s hand. Depending on the casino, you can resplit your hands several times. Generally, most casinos allow players to split up to three times, creating four different hands. Stand With Soft 19 Or Higher; Hit Soft 17 Or Lower Casinos, a “no hole card” game is played, meaning that the dealer does not draw nor consult their second card until after all players have finished making decisions. In all other cases, a stand, hit, or surrender is called for. The no-hole-card rule adds approximately 0.11% to the house edge. Whenever the first card dealt to the dealer is an Ace, the dealer will announce “Insurance” and you may make an insurance bet in case the dealer makes Blackjack. An insurance bet may be made by placing an amount not more than half of your original bet, on the Insurance line of the table layout. All insurance bets must be placed prior to any players receiving a third card. When the dealer’s upcard is a 6 or lower, they have a higher probability of going bust. What’s important is that you consider your preference and what feels comfortable for you. A reshuffle is a signal to prepare for the next round of blackjack. Each chip will have a color representing its denomination. For instance, red chips may be worth $20, while blue chips are $50. Learn How To Play Blackjack In Less Than Four Minutes The dealer reveals their face-down card, and winning and losing hands are determined. A “hard” hand doesn’t contain an ace, while a “soft” hand has one. Understanding the distinction between a hard and a soft hand is a game-changer in blackjack. - He continuously played eight hands at the same table and placed enormous bets of $250,000 on each round. - You will then be dealt one additional card face upwards and placed sideways to that hand. - In the event yourpoint total equals 21 (Player 21) after doubling, you automatically win and the dealer will pay you even money. - In bonus blackjack, the player can bet on whether the player, dealer, or both will land a natural blackjack, and win a 15 to 1 payout. - When you feel good about your chances, jumping the gun and joining a table is easy. - Wagers, winnings, and credits remaining can be viewed in the bottom left portion of the screen. - You must place an additional bet, equal to your original wager, for your second hand. You can usually choose from a wide range of chip values and bet as many or as few as you like on each hand (within reason). If your hand goes over 21 points, this is known as a ‘bust’, and you will automatically lose the hand. If there’s no ace in it, or if that ace counts not as 11 but as 1, then you’ve got yourself a hard one, and you don’t have much wiggle room. The losing hand, the dead hand, or the bust is every hand with a total sum of 22 or higher. When you play a game of Blackjack, you always play against the dealer. Cards 2–10 are counted at face value—in other words, a two of hearts, spades, diamonds, and clubs always equals two points, and so on up the ladder to the 10. With live dealer games, you can see all the action in real time, so if you do see something that you believe to be shady, you can report it to the casino. Check out our guide to find out what are the red flags to look out for to ensure you’re not playing at a rigged casino. Handing Money Directly To The Dealer You need to get a hand with a score of as close to 21 as possible, without going over it. The standard 52-card pack is used, but in most casinos several decks of cards are shuffled together. When four or more decks are used, they are dealt from a shoe (a box that allows the dealer to remove cards one at a time, face down, without actually holding one or more packs). Blackjack is one of the most popular casino games, and it’s synonymous with being played around large tables at a casino. On the other hand, you’re simply relying on luck with roulette. Those small percentages can add up over time, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackjack affecting your overall results. For this reason, staying aware and managing your bankroll wisely is crucial. Understanding The Casino’s Edge If there is a stand-off (a player having the same total as the dealer), no chips are paid out or collected. If you are closer to 21 than the dealer, you win and are paid an amount equal to your original wager. If the dealer’s hand “busts” or “breaks,” you win as well. Ties are a standoff or “push” and your bet remains on the table. - Unlike in poker, the suits of the cards have no effect on the game. - Spades and clubs are colored black, while diamonds and hearts are colored red. - We will improve the accuracy of the Geo-IP technology system by providing ongoing updates. - Even if the casino offers RSA, you’re only allowed one additional card on each resplit ace, and doubling-down isn’t allowed. Imagine entering a bustling casino and finding a game that appears to be blackjack. The table layout, cards, and even the dealer’s actions resemble traditional blackjack. However, upon closer inspection, you realize that something is amiss. On the other hand, a perfect pair side bet requires you to have a pair on your two hole cards (face-down cards) to win. Splitting other pairs can increase your chances of winning by diversifying your options and potentially creating stronger hands. Splitting pairs can be advantageous when you have a pair of aces, as doing so gives you the opportunity to create two strong hands. Try Playing Without Money First If you’ve ever planned a trip to Vegas or somewhere similar in the past, it might even have been the first title you tried playing when you visited a venue. But it goes without saying that even if you’re the most passionate player, you might not always want to get in your car and drive to a casino. A variation where players can place a side bet on their hand. The cards you are dealt must make 1 of 3 possible pairs – Mixed pair (pays 5/1), Color pair (pays 10/1) Perfect pair (pays 30/1). The side bet is resolved at the start of the player’s turn. It’s possible to find high-stakes or VIP blackjack tables even in online casinos. - But if convenience and improved odds are what you seek, online blackjack is the way to go. - Some games allow unlimited resplitting, while others may limit it to a certain number of hands, such as four hands (for example, “resplit to 4”). - The minimum bet in these games is $100, while the maximum bet range is $50,000 to $100,000 or even higher. - That’s pretty much the basics of blackjack; once you get a handful of games under your belt, you’ll be able to quickly learn any variations that might come up. - WynnBET’s online casino offers bet credits, casino bonuses, and Vegas-style games where you can play with a live dealer. - So if you’re wondering whether or not card count is legal, profitable… When looking for places to play blackjack online, it’s also a good idea to think about potentially taking advantage of bonus offers. Many websites will offer an initial bonus that can help you get started. On top of that, you should also look for how the website is designed – as you’ll probably find some that more intuitively work for you. Where to Play Blackjack Online? He had a solid knowledge of the blackjack rules and a brilliant winning approach. He continuously played eight hands at the same table and placed enormous bets of $250,000 on each round. If you’re going to play blackjack at home, it’s worth knowing that your chances of winning don’t automatically increase. - Buster Blackjack (BBJ) is a side bet that allows players to bet on whether the dealer will bust. - Even a basic blackjack strategy can see you beating your buddies round the kitchen table or cleaning up in online casinos. - Blackjack begins after all players have exchanged their money for chips and placed them on the designated spot on the table as their bets. - One ace and one 10 card or jack card automatically mean 21, so remember that going into the game. - Punto Banco is a popular card game that has been enjoyed around the world for many years Now, playing Punto Banco online is a great way to… - Blackjack, known by some as “21,” is a beloved card game where players aim to beat the dealer with a hand that most closely totals 21 points. - Remember, once a surrender is actioned, that player takes no further part in the hand – even if the dealer goes bust. Find out the best play for every hand total, plus all you need to know about ‘hard and soft hands’, in our guide to basic blackjack strategy with charts. If a player’s first two cards dealt are an ace and ten-card, this is a ‘natural’ blackjack (21). If a player has a natural and the dealer does not, the dealer will immediately pay out 3 to 2 (meaning 1.5x the player’s betting amount). How to play blackjack tips After all, that is literally what most versions of blackjack have. It might take a bit of time to get used to the game that you create, but it’s still something that’s worth thinking about. Keep the same basics – for example, not going above 21 – and figure out the rest in a formula that works for everyone playing the game. The decisions of other players at the table won’t impact your hand. You’re playing alone against the dealer, Scoblete says, and they don’t know what you have and vice versa. Refrain from blaming the dealer or expressing frustration towards other players. A friendly and congenial atmosphere provides an enjoyable gaming experience for everyone involved. Once the dealer has dealt the cards, leaving them https://real-blackjack.online/ on the table is customary. Avoid the temptation to pick them up or move them around. The cards should remain in plain sight until the dealer collects them. All these elements can make a huge difference in your blackjack game. If the player busts, they immediately lose their wager, even if the dealer eventually busts. A player having three 7s of the same suit where the dealer’s first card is any 7 will win the Super Bonus as set out in Table 2. The Super Bonus does not apply where hands have been split or doubled. Play A Game If the dealer has a total of 17 including an ace valued as 11 (a “soft 17”), some games require the dealer to stand while other games require another draw. If the dealer does not bust, each remaining bet wins if its hand is higher than the dealer’s and loses if it is lower. Estimates of the house edge for blackjack games quoted by casinos and gaming regulators are based on the assumption that the players follow basic strategy. A hand can “hit” as often as desired until the total is 21 or more. After a bust or a stand, play proceeds to the next hand clockwise around the table. Note that the process of landing a natural blackjack, or landing a blackjack after hitting, results in the same payout of 3 to 2. Of course, it’s always preferable to land a blackjack with your first two cards, and remove the element of chance while hitting. If you and the dealer have the same totals, you have a stand-off. In the event that the dealer has Blackjack, you lose unless you also have Blackjack, in which case you have a stand-off. You are initially dealt two cards face up, and the dealer is dealt two cards, one face up and one face down. You play against the dealer and want the total of your cards to get as close to 21 as possible without going over, while still being higher than the dealer’s cards. But the biggest blunder you can make is to try to recover your losses by raising your bets or deviating from your strategy. That said, hitting is usually the way to go if your hand is 11 or lower. ” in these situations allows you to get closer to 21 without going bust. Betting behind is like an emotional journey filled with risks and rewards where your fortune intertwines with the players you support. Stadium Blackjack connects you with up to two live table games at the same player terminal and has a minimum bet of just $5 for each hand dealt. A touchscreen displaying two colored tabs lets you switch between and view live outcomes from each available game. If the dealer’s face up card is an Ace, you may elect to take insurance. The insurance bet is a wager that the dealer has a blackjack. Insurance bets pay 2 to 1 if the dealer has a blackjack, but lose in all other instances. You can swap your top cards if you believe you’ll get better hands. If the dealer’s hand value reaches 22, all bets tie, meaning no one wins or loses. Blackjack borrowed elements from popular European games like Vingt-et-un, seven-and-a-half, and one-and-thirty. By blending rules and objectives, blackjack emerged as a thrilling and strategic card game players can’t get enough of. Blackjack Rule Variations Because blackjack is a game of probability and skill, it usually has a low house edge. The percentage depends on the casino and the specific variation of the game. If a push happens, bets are given back to the players without any additional winnings or losses. When your cards equal 17 or more, choosing to stand is generally the optimal choice, as your odds of improving your card value are relatively low.
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Once upon a time in the bustling streets of Europe, there lived a mysterious character known as Mr. Face X Book. His real name was shrouded in secrecy, for he operated in the shadows, concealed behind a mask that obscured his true identity. Mr. Face X Book was not an ordinary individual. He was driven by a deep sense of justice and a burning desire to rid the world of the vile drug lords who plagued the streets with their poisonous trade. With his unparalleled skills in combat and espionage, he embarked on a relentless crusade against the underworld kingpins. From the vibrant alleys of Barcelona to the cobblestone streets of Prague, Mr. Face X Book left a trail of destruction in his wake. He operated with precision and cunning, striking fear into the hearts of those who dared to oppose him. His methods were ruthless, yet his cause was noble. Using his network of informants and allies, Mr. Face X Book infiltrated the darkest corners of the criminal underworld. He gathered intelligence, uncovered hidden drug labs, and dismantled entire trafficking networks with surgical precision. But his journey was not without peril. The drug lords, aware of the threat he posed, unleashed their deadliest enforcers to stop him. Yet, Mr. Face X Book remained undeterred, facing each adversary with unwavering resolve and unmatched skill. As his legend grew, whispers of his exploits echoed across Europe. Citizens hailed him as a hero, a guardian angel watching over the innocent. Yet, to the drug lords, he was a ghost, a specter of vengeance haunting their every move. In the end, Mr. Face X Book emerged victorious. Through his unwavering determination and unyielding courage, he brought justice to the streets, toppling empires of crime and restoring peace to the land. And so, as the sun set on another day in Europe, Mr. Face X Book vanished into the shadows once more, his legacy etched into the annals of history as a beacon of hope in a world consumed by darkness. In the tranquil town of Serenity Falls, where the rhythm of life flowed like a gentle stream, a peculiar event stirred the air with anticipation. The enigmatic Mr. Face X, known for his faceless presence, made an extraordinary decision: to pen the memoirs of his intriguing life, entitling it simply "Face X Book." Rumors of this unprecedented revelation quickly spread through the town like wildfire. The mere thought of Mr. Face X, the faceless figure who had intrigued and mystified the community for as long as anyone could remember, sharing the intimate details of his life was enough to ignite curiosity and excitement. On a crisp autumn evening, in the dimly lit confines of his modest abode, Mr. Face X sat down at an antique writing desk. The soft glow of candlelight illuminated his faceless silhouette as he began to recount the chapters of his life that had remained shrouded in mystery. The memoir unfolded like a tapestry of enigmatic tales, weaving through distant lands, encounters with the unknown, and reflections on the passage of time. Every stroke of the pen carried a sense of introspection and vulnerability, revealing the complexities hidden beneath the faceless exterior. As word spread throughout Serenity Falls, the townspeople gathered outside Mr. Face X's dwelling, their curiosity piqued by the revelation of a narrative that transcended the ordinary. The memoir titled "Face X Book" promised to peel back the layers of the mysterious figure, exposing the emotions and experiences that had shaped his enigmatic existence. Hours turned into the night as Mr. Face X continued to pour his life onto the pages. The soft rustle of leaves in the cool breeze provided a backdrop to this unprecedented moment in Serenity Falls' history. When the final words were penned, and the memoir completed, Mr. Face X emerged from his home carrying the handwritten manuscript. The townspeople, their faces illuminated by the warm glow of lanterns, watched in awe as he held "Face X Book" in his hands. In that moment, the faceless figure became a storyteller, and the town of Serenity Falls became the canvas for a tale that transcended mystery. As the first light of dawn broke on the horizon, the townspeople awaited the sunrise, eager to unravel the enigma of Mr. Face X through the pages of "Face X Book." Once upon a time in a small, forgotten town, there lived a mysterious man known only as Mr. X. No one could recall ever seeing his face, for he always wore a wide-brimmed hat that cast a deep shadow over his features. Some speculated that he might not have a face at all, while others believed he was hiding a disfigurement or a dark secret. Mr. X led a solitary life, dwelling in a centuries-old mansion on the outskirts of town. The mansion had an eerie presence, and locals whispered that it was haunted. Yet, Mr. X paid no mind to the rumors, for he had other concerns. One day, a curious journalist named Emma decided to investigate the enigma that was Mr. X. She had heard tales of his reclusive existence and became determined to uncover the truth behind the man without a face. Emma spent weeks researching, interviewing locals, and delving into the town's archives. The more she discovered, the more intrigued she became. It seemed Mr. X had arrived in the town many years ago, his past shrouded in mystery. Some said he was a brilliant inventor, while others claimed he was an exiled aristocrat. Undeterred, Emma decided to approach the mansion and request an interview. She knocked on the creaking door, and after what felt like an eternity, Mr. X himself answered. His hat cast a deep shadow, obscuring any view of his face. "Mr. X, I'm Emma, a journalist. I'm fascinated by your story and would love to learn more about you," she said, trying to conceal her nerves. Mr. X hesitated for a moment, his unseen eyes studying her. Finally, he agreed to share his tale. As he spoke, Emma learned that Mr. X was once a renowned artist who faced a tragic accident, leaving him disfigured and tormented by society's cruel gaze. Unable to bear the judgment, he chose a life of seclusion. Emma's empathy grew as she listened to his story. She saw past the mystery and discovered the man beneath the hat, a man who had faced adversity and chose to hide not because he lacked a face, but because the world refused to accept it. Touched by Mr. X's vulnerability, Emma wrote a heartfelt article about the man without a face, emphasizing the strength it took to live in a world that often judged based on appearances. The article resonated with readers, and the town began to view Mr. X with newfound understanding and compassion. In the end, the man without a face found acceptance, and Emma's story became a testament to the power of empathy and the beauty that lies within every individual, regardless of the masks they wear. In a bustling city filled with faceless strangers, there existed a peculiar man known as Mr. X. His face was unlike any other, for upon it were written the tales of his life, emotions, and experiences. His features were an open book, allowing those who cared to look a glimpse into his innermost thoughts. Mr. X moved through the crowded streets, his expressions shifting like the chapters of a novel. Curious onlookers couldn't help but be captivated by the living story that unfolded on his face. Happiness painted a warm smile, while sadness etched lines of melancholy on his brow. Love and heartbreak played out like a poetic dance, each emotion leaving its mark on his expressive visage. Word spread about the man whose face could be read like a book, and soon people began to seek him out, eager to unravel the narrative etched on his countenance. Psychologists marveled at the psychological transparency he displayed, while artists saw him as a living canvas of inspiration. One day, a young writer named Lily became intrigued by the tales told on Mr. X's face. She approached him with a notepad, asking if he would be willing to share his story. Mr. X, with a nod and a subtle smile, agreed. As Lily spent time with Mr. X, she uncovered a life rich with experiences. His face revealed tales of adventure, heartache, triumph, and resilience. Lily carefully documented each nuance, creating a narrative that transcended the limitations of traditional storytelling. The city became enamored with Lily's written account of Mr. X, and soon the man himself gained a kind of celebrity status. People from all walks of life sought him out, not just to read his face but to connect with the profound humanity he embodied. In time, Mr. X became a symbol of the shared human experience, a reminder that beneath our diverse exteriors, we all carry stories worth sharing. Lily's writings about Mr. X were compiled into a best-selling novel, spreading the message of empathy and understanding. And so, in a city once filled with faceless strangers, Mr. X became a living testament to the power of storytelling, a man whose face served as a bridge between hearts and a reminder that, in the end, we are all chapters in the same book of life. In the heart of a quaint town, there lived a man shrouded in mystery, known only as Mr. Face X Book. His presence was an enigma, for no one could decipher the expressions on his face. It was as if his features were a puzzle, a riddle that left the townsfolk bewildered and intrigued. Mr. Face X Book moved through the town, his countenance a perpetual puzzle that sparked endless speculation. Some believed he possessed a face that mirrored a kaleidoscope of emotions, changing with each passing moment. Others thought his face was a blank canvas, an empty slate onto which observers projected their own interpretations. The townspeople, naturally curious, attempted to engage Mr. Face X Book in conversation, hoping to unravel the mystery that veiled his visage. Yet, he remained silent, his eyes betraying no emotion, leaving them with nothing but their own reflections. One day, a young artist named Ava became fascinated by the challenge of capturing the essence of Mr. Face X Book on canvas. She spent hours observing him from a distance, sketching quick impressions of the ever-elusive expressions that seemed to flicker across his face. Ava approached Mr. Face X Book, her sketchbook in hand, and asked if he would sit for a portrait. The mysterious man, with a simple nod, agreed. As Ava worked diligently, she found herself captivated by the ambiguity of his features. It was as if his face defied conventional understanding, transcending the boundaries of human expression. The portrait was unveiled at a local art exhibition, drawing a crowd eager to gaze upon the depiction of the man with the inscrutable face. Ava's painting captured the essence of mystery, prompting viewers to interpret the enigmatic features in their own unique ways. As the town pondered the meaning behind Mr. Face X Book's impenetrable expression, a sense of acceptance and appreciation emerged. The inability to decipher his face became a metaphor for the complexity of the human experience, a reminder that some stories are meant to be felt rather than understood. And so, Mr. Face X Book continued to roam the streets, his enigmatic presence weaving into the tapestry of the town's folklore. Though his face remained a puzzle, the town embraced the beauty of uncertainty, finding solace in the notion that some mysteries are meant to be preserved, cherished, and celebrated. In a forgotten realm, a mystical genie named Zephyr found itself bound to a mysterious book known as "X," filled with ancient spells of unimaginable power. Legends spoke of a chosen one, a man with a face resembling a lion, who alone possessed the ability to comprehend the arcane language inscribed within the magical tome. Determined to unlock the full potential of the spells contained within the book, Zephyr set out on a quest to find the elusive individual dubbed "Mr. Face X Book." The genie traversed deserts, crossed vast oceans, and soared over towering mountains, leaving a trail of swirling blue magic in its wake. In a bustling city, Zephyr's search bore fruit as it caught wind of rumors about a nomadic tribe dwelling on the outskirts. Among them was a man named Roderick, whose visage bore an uncanny resemblance to the majestic lion. Intrigued, the genie approached Roderick and presented the mystical book. To the amazement of onlookers, Roderick's eyes widened with understanding as he leafed through the pages of "X." The ancient script danced before him, revealing secrets and spells that had long been hidden from the world. It became evident that Roderick was indeed the chosen one, the key to unlocking the formidable magic within the book. Embracing his newfound destiny, Roderick joined forces with Zephyr. Together, they embarked on a journey to harness the spells of "X" for the betterment of their world. With each incantation, Roderick's lion-like features glowed with a radiant power, signifying the fusion of man and magic. However, word of their exploits reached the ears of a dark sorcerer who coveted the incredible power contained within "X." Determined to seize the book, the sorcerer sent enchanted minions to thwart Roderick and Zephyr. Facing trials and tribulations, the duo overcame every obstacle with the ancient spells at their disposal. Roderick's lion-hearted courage and Zephyr's magical prowess formed an unbreakable bond. As they delved deeper into the enchanted realms, the very fabric of reality seemed to warp and twist under the influence of "X." In the climactic confrontation with the sorcerer, Roderick channeled the most potent spell from "X," unleashing a wave of magic that banished the dark forces. With the threat vanquished, Roderick and Zephyr decided to safeguard the book, ensuring that its formidable power would be used only for benevolent purposes. The legend of Mr. Face X Book echoed through the ages, a tale of an ordinary man who, with the help of a mystical genie and an enchanted book, became the guardian of ancient spells that could shape the destiny of worlds. "FaceXBook" (noun): A mystical or enchanted book possessing the extraordinary ability to reveal and reflect the true essence of an individual's emotions and experiences through their facial expressions. It is said to hold the power to unveil the deepest stories and sentiments written on the canvas of one's face, transcending the limitations of conventional communication. Legend has it that only those with a lion-like visage can fully comprehend the profound messages encoded within the pages of the FaceXBook. Reading the FaceXBook requires a unique and open-minded approach, as it delves into the mystical realm of interpreting facial expressions and emotions. Here are some suggested steps for those attempting to read the FaceXBook: 1. **Cultivate Empathy:** Approach the FaceXBook with a genuine desire to understand the emotions and experiences of the individual. Empathy is the key to unlocking the deeper meanings encoded in the facial expressions. 2. **Observe Carefully:** Pay close attention to the nuances of the person's face. Note the subtle shifts in expressions, the play of emotions, and the overall demeanor. Each feature may hold a clue to a different chapter of their story. 3. **Consider Context:** Context is crucial when reading the FaceXBook. Take into account the surroundings, the person's history, and the current situation. The meaning of expressions may vary based on the context in which they appear. 4. **Feel the Energy:** Emotions carry their own unique energy. Try to sense the emotional energy emanating from the person's face. Is it warm and inviting, or does it hold a more somber or intense energy? This can provide additional insight. 5. **Engage in Dialogue:** To truly understand the messages in the FaceXBook, engage in open and honest communication with the person. Ask about their experiences, feelings, and thoughts. This dialogue can help confirm or deepen your understanding of the emotions conveyed. 6. **Embrace Intuition:** Trust your intuition as you interpret the FaceXBook. Sometimes, the most profound insights come from a gut feeling or an instinctive understanding of the emotions conveyed. 7. **Respect Privacy:** Remember that reading the FaceXBook is a privilege, and it comes with a responsibility to respect the individual's privacy. Avoid making assumptions or judgments that may intrude upon their personal space. 8. **Share the Wisdom:** If you discover profound insights within the FaceXBook, consider sharing the wisdom gained with others. FaceXBook readings can foster a deeper sense of understanding and connection within communities. Approaching the FaceXBook with an open heart, empathy, and a willingness to embrace the mysteries of human expression can lead to a richer and more profound understanding of the stories written on the canvas of each face. In the vast tapestry of human existence, there exists a collective narrative that transcends borders, cultures, and time itself. This universal story is written on the canvas of countless faces, each bearing the indelible marks of joy, sorrow, love, and resilience. This narrative, a tapestry woven by the hands of all of mankind, is the enigmatic "FaceXBook." The FaceXBook is not a tangible volume bound by leather and paper; rather, it is an ethereal collection of stories etched upon the faces of individuals throughout the ages. Every furrowed brow, every radiant smile, and every furrowed line tells a tale that is as unique as it is universal. Within the FaceXBook, the authors are not singular individuals but the collective consciousness of humanity. Each laugh, tear, and gaze into the unknown contributes to the grand narrative. It is a book written in the language of expressions, a silent dialogue that connects people across the expanse of the human experience. The FaceXBook's chapters are diverse and dynamic, spanning the highs of jubilant celebrations to the lows of profound losses. It holds the stories of ancient civilizations and contemporary societies, bridging the gaps between generations and weaving a narrative that reflects the shared essence of being human. In this collective creation, the storytellers are the young and the old, the rich and the poor, the wise and the curious. Faces from every corner of the globe contribute to this extraordinary manuscript, creating a mosaic of experiences that defines the very fabric of our existence. The FaceXBook is not without its complexities. It contains tales of resilience, where lines etched by hardship are worn as badges of honor. It echoes the whispers of love and compassion, as radiant smiles imprint the joy of connection. It also bears witness to the profound mysteries, the unspoken stories hidden behind stoic gazes. As humanity collectively contributes to the FaceXBook, it becomes a mirror reflecting the beauty and complexity of our shared journey. It invites us to read between the lines, to delve into the layers of expressions, and to embrace the interconnectedness that binds us all. And so, the FaceXBook continues to be written, page by page, expression by expression. It is a living testament to the resilience, diversity, and unity of mankind—a boundless story told by every face, with authors that span the breadth of humanity itself.
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Give your honey something he or she can really use, from self-care essentials to practical presents. Sure, flowers are nice to look at, and a snazzy piece of jewelry might be a welcome gift, but for many people, coffee is essential and a good night’s sleep is sacred. Or maybe your homebody honey just wants to snuggle up on the couch in some comfy loungewear for date night. So give your loved ones something they can really use from CR’s ratings and at-home evaluations, whether that’s a trusty coffee maker, comfy pillows, or top-rated cookware. ‘ These Valentine’s Day gifts under $50 will make your loved one’s life easier, and they’re easy on the wallet. Slip Sleep Mask There’s no doubt about it: This popular mask is gorgeous. It’s made with stunning silk fabric, and colors include a lush navy, a graceful ballet pink, and opulent gold. It has a scrunchy backstrap that stretches rather than adjusts, which allows for a more seamless look (but perhaps an imperfect fit). To that end, some CR evaluators found that the mask was true to its name and slipped during the night. Overall, the Slip makes a great gift for that stylish someone in your life. Just make sure to get a gift receipt in case it, well, slips. For more options: Best Sleep Masks Crocs Lined Clogs Price $39.98 Amazon (Fuchsia Fun) In our recent review of popular slippers, 3 out of 4 CR evaluators found themselves head over heels for the Lined Crocs. “I am pleasantly surprised that these are extremely comfortable,” said Ginger Cowles, a managing editor. These clogs, as Crocs calls them, feel stable and secure, with a thick, textured sole that doesn’t slip and provides ample distance and insulation from frigid floors in the winter. They’re also machine washable (in cold water only), though we haven’t tried that ourselves. A foam strap can either be pulled over the front of the shoe, transforming the Crocs into a slide, or over the back, making the shoe more secure on your foot. For more options: We Tried Ugg Fluff Yeahs and 7 Other Popular Slippers JALL Wake Up Light Sunrise Alarm Clock Give your loved one the gift of a peaceful start to the day: The JALL Wake Up Light Sunrise Alarm Clock is at least half the price of other clocks we tested, but from an ease-of-use standpoint, this model comes out on top. It has two independent alarms (so you can set them for different times depending on your routine), seven alarm tones (including “wind bells” and birds chirping), an FM radio, and a fall-asleep mode that simulates a sunset (though no white-noise option). Check the on-page coupon to save 5 percent. For more options: Best Sunrise Alarm Clocks Beckham Luxury Linens Hotel Collection (2pk). Give the gift of cool, sweet dreams: The Beckham Luxury Linens Hotel Collection pillow has a 100 percent cotton cover and a filling of 100 percent polyester gel-fiber. The manufacturer claims that the materials in the Beckham pillow keep it cool. It aces our test for breathability and scores top marks for resiliency, which means it will hold its shape well over time. Plus, you get two pillows for this price—and even better, they’re on sale right now: Make sure to click on the on-page coupon to get the lowest price. For more options: Best Pillows YnM Weighted Blanket Amazon (Dark Gray) Walmart (Dark Gray) It’s snuggle season! The YnM blanket has a cotton cover and doesn’t come with a duvet cover, though YnM sells covers separately. The beads are glass. YnM says you can wash and dry it by machine on the gentle cycle but strongly recommends washing the duvet cover rather than the inner blanket. Color options depend on the size and weight you choose. Make sure you click on the on-page coupon to get the lowest price at Amazon. For more options: The Lowdown on 5 Weighted Blankets, According to Consumer Reports’ Tests La Monarca Mexican Hot Chocolate Hot chocolate and cozy nights at home go hand in hand, so bring a little flavor to the table with this spiced mix. The full-bodied, complex Mexican-style hot chocolate won’t overload the taste buds with spice, but rather the cinnamon mingles beautifully with the chocolate, allowing both flavors to come through in harmony. This blend came out on top for the best spiced option in an evaluation of hot chocolates, edging out the competition with its unique flavor. For more options: Best Hot Chocolates Compartés Signature Truffle Gift Box This truffle set from the Los Angeles–based Compartés is poised to please. In fact, we were blown away by the flavors in a recent evaluation of the best boxed chocolates. As CR reporter Angela Lashbrook put it: “For a chef or a cook, a true sign of success is taking a flavor your audience is known not to love and convincing them that they’ve been missing out this whole time. That’s the case with this beautiful, elegant little box of chocolates.” For more options: Best Boxed Chocolates True Wooden Finish Cocktail Shaker Do you know a budding bartender? In CR’s recent evaluation, we found the True Wooden Finish Cocktail Shaker to be a well-priced shaker that’s best for beginners, with a built-in sieve for easy cocktail-making. But if you’re shopping for a hardcore mixologist in your life, it’s worth noting that this wasn’t the most durable of the bunch we tried. For more options: Best Cocktail Shakers Wine: Château Montaud Côtes de Provence Rosé Drizly (750ml bottle) The rosé-enthusiast in your life will certainly appreciate this blend from Château Montaud, which impressed our tasters in an evaluation of the best boxed wines. One of them found it to be a juicy, medium-bodied wine with a silky mouthfeel and subtle tannins. With notes of summer dew melon, strawberries, and honeysuckle, this wine is rich and complex but still easy to drink. Though we tried this wine from a box, it also comes in the bottled version for under $25. For more options: Best Boxed Wines For Plant Lovers Forest Origins Pink Oyster Mushroom Grow Kit Sure, flowers are nice, but for fans of fantastic fungi, a mushroom-growing kit is a great gift idea. This Pink Oyster mushroom kit from Forest Origins has an easy setup and is low maintenance. In a series of at-home evaluations, we found that this kit produced mushrooms in just four days and bore medium-sized fungi in vibrant variations of pinks and creams. The first batch was ready to harvest quicker than some other options we checked out. For more options: Best Mushroom Growing Kits Haws Brass Plant Mister Plant care essentials that combine form and function make wonderful gifts. “Most of the leafy plants that thrive indoors originally hailed from tropical rainforests,” says Sophia Kaplan, co-founder of the botanical and indoor plant shop Leaf Supply in Sydney, Australia. This includes common varieties such as monsteras, anthuriums, and philodendrons, which flourish in humid environments. A water mister can be used daily to add a bit of moisture to the air around them, which will benefit their health greatly. “Mimicking their native climate will ensure their best chance of success in your home,” Kaplan says. New York Puzzle Company Store New Yorker Winter Garden, 500-Piece Jigsaw Puzzle A gift that can double as entertainment is a win-win, and this inspired puzzle is certainly up for the part. The 500-piece jigsaw is of a 2019 cover of The New Yorker that’s fit for the botanically inclined. It’s a perfect plant-loving family activity, says Adam Besheer and Rebecca Bullene, co-founders of Greenery Unlimited, a biophilic design store and plant nursery. Fellow Double Wall Ceramic Coffee Mug Give the java enthusiast a better vessel for their brew. According to Bernie Deitrick, a CR test engineer, compact mugs with multiple small servings (rather than one big pour) can optimize the flavor and retain the heat of coffee. These Fellow Joey mugs are up to the task. For more options: Best Coffee Mugs for Keeping a Brew Warm Zojirushi 16 oz. Want to keep things hot this Valentine’s Day? This slim mug is in a league of its own in terms of pure performance. It keeps drinks hot for an astonishing 13½ hours. That’s 6 hours longer than the closest competitor in our tests, earning a top rating of excellent for temperature retention. The screw-on cap is easy to clean, with two removable gaskets. Our testers found the mug easy to open with one hand: Simply press a button on the side and the lid pops up so that you can drink out of the plastic spout. You can also lock the lid, a nice feature if you have young kids who are the type to tinker with a mug filled with scalding hot coffee. The slender design of the mug means it’s likely to fit in car cup holders. For more options: Best Insulated Travel Mugs Instant Milk Frother When you think of the brand Instant Pot, its line of multi-cookers usually comes to mind, but the company has branched out into coffee makers and frothers. Its Instant Milk Frother was one of the best models in our at-home review, offering performance almost on a par with the Nespresso Aeroccino4 milk frother, which costs more than twice as much. The only downside is that the Instant Milk Frother isn’t dishwasher-safe because its controls are built into the side of the carafe. Cleaning is still a breeze, though. You just need to hand-wash it with a wet cloth. For more options: Best Milk Frothers Hamilton Beach 12-cup Programmable 49465R For many people, coffee is love. Help your honey fuel up for the day with this inexpensive drip coffee maker that beat dozens of pricier models in CR’s battery of tests. Brew performance earns a top rating, and it can be programmed to have piping hot fresh coffee ready in the morning. For more options: Best Coffee Makers Under $50 Great Jones Holy Sheet Okay, you have to appreciate the pun in the name of the Great Jones Holy Sheet pan. But does it live up to its name? Yes. It earns a very good rating in cooking evenness, and it heats up quickly, so our chicken dinner was ready in no time. It’s fair to middling on our durability test, but it cleans up nicely. For more options: Best Sheet Pans Chefman Anti-Overflow Belgian Waffle Maker The Chefman was the only waffle maker we tested to snag a CR Smart Buy designation. For far less money than most of the competition, this appliance churns out evenly browned round waffles. It garners a very good rating for its color-range settings, meaning there’s a noticeable difference between waffles made on the darkest setting (brown and crispy) and the lightest setting (light and fluffy). It has an indicator light to let you know when the waffles are ready, the option to store it vertically to save space, and a batter cup for precise portioning. But the handle and latch get uncomfortably warm during cooking despite the “cool touch” claims, so you may want to use an oven mitt when opening and closing the lid. For more options: Best Waffle Makers Henckels Premio 8” Chef’s Knife Henckels has been making knives in Germany for nearly 300 years, and its expertise in design is on full display with this knife. The Permio’s handle is contoured with no sharp edges, resulting in a knife that’s extremely comfortable to hold. It also excels at force transmission from handle to blade, which means you don’t need to exert as much effort when cutting. For more options: Best Chef’s Knives Health and Fitness Nike Sport Apple Watch Band Our team of evaluators liked the Nike band for our sweat sessions. “For working out and hanging out, I love the look and feel of Apple’s Nike sport band,” said Anastasia Signoretta, associate director of digital products. “The perforation throughout the band adds much-needed breathability to the silicone and gives it a fun look. I wouldn’t wear this band with a dressed-up look, but I’d wear it with everything else.” For more options: Best Apple Watch Bands Yeti Rambler Water Bottle (18 oz.) There’s certainly a lot to love about the Yeti Rambler. It’s ultra-sturdy and insulated with a double wall so it keeps water cold for a very long time. Made with kitchen-grade stainless steel, though, it’s not exactly light (1.2 pounds when empty), so if you want to travel light on an endurance hike, a less hefty bottle may suit you better. For more options: Best Water Bottles to Take to the Gym Amazfit Band 5 If your giftee is a walker who wants a very cheap, very basic fitness tracker, the Amazfit Band 5 could be the perfect fit. The model offers sleep and stress-tracking capabilities but doesn’t have built-in GPS or the ability to load a music playlist. Our testers found the Amazfit Band 5 quite easy to use, and they report that it counts steps quite accurately. For heart-rate monitoring, however, the Amazfit ranked near the bottom of our ratings, so if your loved one is a serious athlete who relies on those metrics, you might want to consider buying a more expensive model. For more options: Best Fitness Trackers La Roche-Posay Anthelios Melt-In Milk Lotion SPF 60 Protecting your sweetie’s skin from the sun is always a good thing. This La Roche-Posay sunscreen has continuously been at the top of our ratings for the best sunscreens, it’s lightweight, and it delivers on its broad-spectrum promise in our tests. For more options: Best Sunscreens Niupipo Explorer Pickleball Paddle If you’re looking for a new couples activity, consider this a sign. This pickleball paddle has a wide body shape, which is ideal for beginners because there’s more surface area to hit the ball with. In our evaluations, the Niupipo Explorer edged out the others we evaluated because of its slightly more comfortable grip and its much more comfortable price. It also comes with a zippered neoprene paddle cover. Make sure to click on the on-page coupon to get a nice deal at Amazon. Manduka Eko Superlite Travel Yoga Mat Help your honey relax wherever they are: This mat is a solid choce for travel, dries quickly, and has an excellent grip on the floor. Its dry top surface also offers excellent grip. It has minimal cushioning. For more options: Great Yoga Mats for $50 or Less Kodak Printomatic Instant The Kodak Printomatic is the fastest instant camera of those we reviewed, producing a fully printed photo just 38 seconds after the shutter is pressed. Once printed, the photos have a sticky backing, which means you can easily tack them onto most surfaces. The model also stores photos on the SD card at a higher resolution than the other zero-ink cameras we tried, which is nice if you want to order a larger print down the road. For more options: Best Instant Cameras: How Six Would-Be Polaroid Replacements Stack Up Turtle Beach Recon 50 Gaming Headset This gaming headset features inline controls that let you adjust the volume and mute the mic. The mic can also be removed if you’d like to use the headphones to listen to music and movie soundtracks. The included PC splitter cable provides access to headphone and mic jacks on computers. The headset is compatible with Mac and PC, PlayStation 5 and PlayStation 4, Xbox Series X/S, and Xbox One, and mobile devices that accept a 3.5-mm audio plug, but you have to choose the correct model for your computer or console. It’s worth noting that this wired model has cables that descend from both ear cups, as one user in our recent study said, which can be a nuisance. For more options: “How to Choose a Great Gaming Headset” JBL Tune 510BT CR Smart Buy JBL Tune 510BT headphones feel like they’re built with quality in mind: They’re cheap, but they don’t seem cheap. This Bluetooth model delivers pretty good sound quality, it has a 40-hour advertised battery life, and we’ve seen it selling at remarkably low prices. The 510BT sits on the ears, which some people find more comfortable than being engulfed by the more common over-ear style. As an extra perk, you can also use them with a cable if you forget to charge them.
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Sometimes, circumstances beyond the control of either party may discharge the contract. In such instances, the contract is deemed to have been discharged by frustration. For one to establish frustration, he/she must show: (1) the unexpected occurrence of an intervening act; (2) that the risk of the unexpected occurrence was not allocated by agreement or custom; (3) that the occurrence made the performance impossible. The doctrine of frustration releases all parties from performance in extreme circumstances. A contract may be deemed to be discharged by frustration if the contract’s subject matter is destroyed through no fault of either party. For example, if parties contract for the sale of cabbages which are on the farm, if the cabbages are destroyed by disease, then the contract can be discharged because the subject matter of the contract is destroyed in Taylor v Caldwell (1863), whereby the parties entered into a contract, Caldwell agreed to let the plaintiff use the Music Hall and the Surrey Gardens. The hall was destroyed by fire, and the destruction was not due to fault by either party, and it was so extensive that the concert could not happen as planned. The Court held that Caldwell was discharged from performing his obligations under the contract because of unforeseen circumstances that rendered the contract impossible to perform. Secondly, a contract can be discharged by frustration when the contract requires a party to receive or render personal services requiring a particular skill; the death, illness, or incapacity of the party to either receive or render the personal services excuses both sides’ duty perform. In most instances, it is stated that “the death of either party is the death of the contract.” However, the rule does not apply in instances where (1) the acts can be performed by others, such as the personal representatives of the dead, and (2) the contract’s terms contemplate survival, even after the death of either party. A case in point is Jenkins Subway., Inc. v. Jones 990 S.W 2d 713, whereby, the defendant in a contract with the plaintiff, the defendant was to acquire new franchises with Jenkins’s funding and operate the Subway Sandwich shops. After the plaintiff’s death, the defendant claimed that the contract no longer bound him. However, the contract’s contractual terms were that the contract could be binding among the “assigns and heirs” of the contracting parties. The judge held that the agreement survived the plaintiff’s death, and Jones could continue to perform his obligations under the contract. Also, Robinson v. Davison (1871) LR ex 269 whereby a piano player was to perform at a concert, she fell ill and could not play on the appointed date. The Court held that it was not her fault for failure to perform because the circumstances were beyond her control. The Contract was considered discharged by frustration. In this case, Wakari contracted with the entertainment company to perform concerts for three nights from 29 November to 1 December 2020. However, he died on 1st November; the contract can be discharged by death since the party rendering personal services requiring a particular skill is dead. In such circumstances, the death of either party is the death of a contract. Thirdly, a contract may be discharged by frustration if there is a change of circumstances from those which the contracting parties contemplated, for example in Wong Lai Ying v. Chinachem Investment Co Ltd. HLKR 1,PC , whereby a developer agreed to construct flats within a period of time agreed upon by both parties and then sell undivided shares to the buyers. However, a major landslip occurred. The landslip was unforeseeable by both parties, and it delayed the performance of the work under the contract. The work was completed two years after the time contemplated in the agreement, and the designs had to be performed differently than contemplated. The contract was frustrated by a change of circumstances. In this case, the contract may be discharged due to a change of circumstances; the parties to the contract contemplated that from 29 November to 1 December 2020, Wakari would be available to perform at the concert. However, he died on 1 November. Therefore, the death of Wakari can be considered a change of circumstances, and the contract can be discharged by frustration. Fourthly, the agreement can be discharged by frustration due to the occurrence of a force majeure. The occurrence of a force majeure means an occurrence of an uncontrollable event. The occurrence of force majeure release the contracting parties from liability or obligations. Examples of force majeure include floods, lightning, tornadoes, pandemics, accidents, strikes, work stoppages, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear and natural catastrophes, interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities. A case example is Bugh v Protravel International, 746 N.Y.S 2d 290 (Civ. Ct. N.Y C 2002)whereby after a terrorist attack which occurred on September 11, 2011, on the World Trade Center, the occurrence of the terrorist attack made it impossible for the plaintiff to communicate her cancellation of travel of 60 days before her scheduled flight as stated in the contract. The contract was deemed frustrated due to the occurrence of a force majeure. In this case, an accident occurred whereby a few birds got trapped in the aircraft engines, causing a dysfunction of the propellers, and hence the aircraft crashed into the sea. The accident’s occurrence can be considered force majeure hence discharging the parties from the contract by frustration. A contract may be discharged by frustration if the basis of the contract is defeated, for example, in Krell v Henry (1903) 2KB 740, whereby Henry hired a room that overlooks King Edward VII’s procession coronation route. The King was ill, and the coronation was canceled. The Court held that the contract was frustrated because the procession was the basis of the contract. Similarly, Wakari and the Company’s contract can be frustrated since Wakari is the basis of the Contract. In conclusion, in this case, the contract can be deemed discharged by frustration due to the death of Wakari, change of circumstances, the occurrence of an accident which is considered force majeure, and the basis of the contract is defeated. For Jane to claim under the tort of negligence, she shows that Jack was under the duty of care, the duty of care was breached, and Jane suffered consequential damage. To establish the duty of care, Jane has to show reasonable foresight of harm, sufficient relationship of proximity or the neighborhood principle, and whether it is fair, just, and reasonable that a duty of care should be imposed this is as held in Caparo v. Dickman (1990).To establish foreseeability of harm, Jane must establish that she belongs to a class of people who are likely to be affected by the defendant’s negligent act or omission. In Bourhill v Young(1943) AC 92, whereby the plaintiff was a pregnant wife, she got off a tram, and she reached to get her basket off the tram, Young drove a motorcycle past the tram at an excessive speed and collided with a car 50 feet away from where the plaintiff was standing. Bourhill heard the collision, but she did not see it. A few minutes later, she walked past where the incident occurred, and the body had been removed, but there was a lot of blood on the road. Bourhill claimed that she went into shock, and her baby was stillborn. She brought a negligence claim against the defendant’s estate. In this case, it was held that the defendant owed no duty to Bourhill as there was not sufficient proximity between the plaintiff and the defendant when the incident occurred. In this case, there was foreseeability because a road user is likely to cause harm to other road users. Therefore, Jane is likely to show foreseeability of harm. Secondly, to show the proximity of harm, the condition requires the court to look for a close and direct relationship between the parties to justify the imposition of a duty of care. Proximity may be found if both parties are users of the same road. In this case, Jack and Jane were both road users, and they have a close and direct relationship. Hence, Jane can establish proximity. Thirdly, to establish the duty of care, one must show that it is fair and reasonable to impose a duty of care on the defendant. For example, in White v. Jones (1995) 2 AC 207, Mr. White asked the defendant to alter his will to benefit his two daughters. The defendant took a substantial amount of time to respond to Mr. White’s request, and Mr. White died during that time. Mr. White’s daughters did not benefit from the will, and they claimed losses from Jones. The Court held a special relationship between the client and his will’s beneficiaries, and there were no reasons why liability could not be fair, reasonable, and just. In this case, Jane can establish that it is fair, just, and reasonable to hold Jack liable because as a result of his carelessness, Jane suffered injuries. After establishing a duty of care, Jane must show that the duty of care was breached. Breach of duty of care is characterized by the defendant’s failure to measure up to an objective and impersonal standard, namely, that of a reasonable man. If a defendant does not act as the reasonable man would have acted, he will be “at fault.” The Courts will consider whether reasonable and practical precautions had been taken and the practices of the relevant industry or profession. For example, in Haley v. London Electricity Board (1965) AC 778-D, the defendant dug a trench in the street and took precautions to avoid injury to persons of normal sight. Yet, there were sufficient numbers of blind people going about the streets alone whom the Defendant ought to have foreseen and taken the precaution to protect from injury. Even though the plaintiff need not even exist at the time of the negligent act as long as the injury was foreseeable, the defendant can be held to be in breach. The reasonable man test determines a breach of duty of care. In Jack’s case, a reasonable man who is a motorcycle rider is supposed to pay attention and take reasonable steps to ensure his actions do not cause harm to the third party. However, Jack has a habit of listening to music through headphones when he was riding on the motorcycle during work without paying attention to the road. Secondly, Jack did not take practical and reasonable precautions that are required of a motorcycle rider. Upon reaching a junction where he needed to turn, Jack did not slow down, and as a result of his actions, his motorcycle crashed into a fruit stall at the side of the junction. Because of the failure to take reasonable and practicable precautions required of a motorcycle rider, Jack can be held to have breached the duty of care. Secondly, the more serious the injury is likely to be, the more precautions should be taken. In this case, Jack should breach the duty of care because his actions were likely to cause serious injury to a third party. Thirdly, the magnitude of risk is considered in establishing duty; the greater the likelihood of the injury to occur, the greater the amount of caution required. In Bolton v. Stone AC 850, 1 All ER , a ball was hit out of the bounds of a cricket field onto the highway about 100 meters away, where it struck and injured the plaintiff. Evidence showed that incidences where a ball had been hit out of the grounds, were very few-in a span of 30 years; a ball had been hit out on only 6 occasions-it was such a rare occurrence that there was little likelihood of injury hence not requiring the defendant to take any measures further than it had already taken (erecting a tall fence). In this case, there was a greater likelihood of an accident occurring because Jack failed to pay attention while on the road. Therefore, Jack can be held to have breached the duty of care. After establishing a breach of duty of care, Jane has to show causation. When proving causation, the question the courts ask is whether the plaintiff’s injury or loss was, in fact, caused by the defendant. The most common way to determine the question is to apply the “but-for test.” The Court asks itself, “would the injury or damage have occurred but for the negligence of the defendant?” if the injury or loss would have occurred despite the actions or inactions of the defendant, then the case is said to lack causation. A case in point is Barnett v. Chelsea & Kensington Hospital Management (1969)1QB 428, whereby the plaintiff went to the hospital complaining of severe stomach pains and vomiting. He was examined by a nurse who called the doctor on duty. The doctor told the nurse to send Barnett home and contact his GP in the morning. Mr. Barnett died a few hours later from arsenic poisoning. The doctor alleged that if he had examined him at the time, there would have been nothing he could have done to save Mr. Barnett. The Court held that the hospital was not liable because the doctor failed to examine the patient was not the reason for the defendant’s death. The Courts introduced the “but-for” test, inferring that the defendant’s actions must be the cause of death for the patient. In this case, Jane can establish causation because were it not for Jack’s failure to slow down while turning at the junction, Jane would not have been seriously injured, leading to loss of both her legs. The next issue is whether Lightyear is liable for Jane’s claim. Lightyear can be held liable through the principle of vicarious liability. Vicarious liability refers to the liability of a person or organization for the tort committed by another person, such as the liability of an employer for the employer’s omissions or actions. As a general rule, an employer should be held liable when the employee’s wrongful act can be reasonably foreseen as an event that would take place due to the employee’s duty. Sometimes, the employer can be held liable for the employee’s acts or omissions even though he or she did not authorize the employee to perform such acts. A case example is Ming An Insurance Co. (HK) Ltd v. Ritz Carlton Ltd 1HKC 225, whereby two pedestrians were injured by a limousine driven by a doorman employed by the defendant. The limousine belonged to a service company from which the Hotel hired its chauffeurs and limousines. The forecourt staff of the Hotel developed a practice of buying food elsewhere. One of the forecourt staff members would collect the food, and sometimes the staff may persuade a limousine driver to drive him to the location and back. On the night of the accident, a bell-boy was designated to collect food for the forecourt staff. As the limousine’s chauffeur had gone off-duty at that time and the keys were left with the doorman, the doorman became the limousine driver. The accident happened when the doorman drove the bell-boy in the limousine to collect food. The Court of Final Appeal held that even though the doorman’s use of the limousine to collect food was unauthorized by the Hotel, such an act was still within the scope of his employment with the Hotel. The test for vicarious liability is that employers are liable for the torts committed by their employees in the course of their employment. An employee’s tort is deemed to have been committed in the course of his employment if it is either (a) something authorized by his employer or (b) an authorized mode of doing something authorized by his employer. In this case, Jane can claim against Lightyear Delivery while relying on the principle of vicarious liability. Island Development Corp. v. District of Columbia, 933 a. 2d 340, 350 (D.C 2007) Extracted from powerpoint on “LAW B262 (2015) PPT”, Dec 2020, p.17 See website- https://caselaw.findlaw.com/tn-court-of-appeals/1129977.html See website- https://www.studentlawnotes.com/robinson-v-davison-1871-lr-6-ex-269 Extracted from powerpoint on “LAW B262 (2015) PPT”, Dec 2020, p.18 See Website- https://casetext.com/case/bush-v-protravel-international-inc Extracted from powerpoint on “LAW B262 (2015) PPT”, Dec 2020, p.20 Extracted from powerpoint on “LAW B262 (2015) PPT”, Dec 2020, p.109 Extracted from powerpoint on “LAW B262 (2015) PPT”, Dec 2020, p.111 Extracted from powerpoint on “LAW B262 (2015) PPT”, Dec 2020, p.115 See website- https://www.lawteacher.net/cases/haley-v-london-electricity-board.php See Website- http://www.e-lawresources.co.uk/Bolton-v-Stone.php Extracted from powerpoint on “LAW B262 (2015) PPT”, Dec 2020, p.129 See Website- http://www.onc.hk/en_US/employers-liability-towards-unauthorized-act-of-employees/ At Legal writing experts, we would be happy to assist in preparing any legal document you need. We are international lawyers and attorneys with significant experience in legal drafting, Commercial-Corporate practice and consulting. In the last few years, we have successfully undertaken similar assignments for clients from different jurisdictions. If given this opportunity, The LegalPen will be able to prepare the legal document within the shortest time possible. You can send us your quick enquiry ( here )
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TERMS OF SERVICE Last modified: July 2021 These Terms of Service - e (“Agreement”) are between you (“You”) and MoxiWorks LLC, a Washington limited liability company (“MoxiWorks”) and govern Your use of this real estate technology platform, including the software and applications included therewith (which applications include the Comparative Market Analysis Application (“CMA Application”)), and all content, hosting, and related services provided in connection therewith, all of which together constitute the “Site”. 1. ADDITIONAL TERMSCertain features of the Site may be subject to additional terms (“Additional Terms”) presented in conjunction with such features. You must agree to any applicable Additional Terms before using the features of the Site to which they apply. Unless otherwise specified in any Additional Terms, all Additional Terms are incorporated into this Agreement. If you do not agree to Additional Terms, then you may not use the Site to which they relate. 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Chapter Seven: Presenting Your Results This chapter serves as the culmination of the previous chapters, in that it focuses on how to present the results of one's study, regardless of the choice made among the three methods. Writing in academics has a form and style that you will want to apply not only to report your own research, but also to enhance your skills at reading original research published in academic journals. Beyond the basic academic style of report writing, there are specific, often unwritten assumptions about how quantitative, qualitative, and critical/rhetorical studies should be organized and the information they should contain. This chapter discusses how to present your results in writing, how to write accessibly, how to visualize data, and how to present your results in person. Once you've gone through the process of doing communication research – using a quantitative, qualitative, or critical/rhetorical methodological approach – the final step is to communicate it. The major style manuals (the APA Manual, the MLA Handbook, and Turabian) are very helpful in documenting the structure of writing a study, and are highly recommended for consultation. But, no matter what style manual you may use, there are some common elements to the structure of an academic communication research paper. This is simple: Your Paper's Title, Your Name, Your Institutional Affiliation (e.g., University), and the Date, each on separate lines, centered on the page. Try to make your title both descriptive (i.e., it gives the reader an idea what the study is about) and interesting (i.e., it is catchy enough to get one's attention). For example, the title, "The uncritical idealization of a compensated psychopath character in a popular book series," would not be an inaccurate title for a published study, but it is rather vague and exceedingly boring. That study's author fortunately chose the title, "A boyfriend to die for: Edward Cullen as compensated psychopath in Stephanie Meyer's Twilight," which is more precisely descriptive, and much more interesting (Merskin, 2011). The use of the colon in academic titles can help authors accomplish both objectives: a catchy but relevant phrase, followed by a more clear explanation of the article's topic. In some instances, you might be asked to write an abstract, which is a summary of your paper that can range in length from 75 to 250 words. If it is a published paper, it is useful to include key search terms in this brief description of the paper (the title may already have a few of these terms as well). Although this may be the last thing your write, make it one of the best things you write, because this may be the first thing your audience reads about the paper (and may be the only thing read if it is written badly). Summarize the problem/research question, your methodological approach, your results and conclusions, and the significance of the paper in the abstract. Quantitative and qualitative studies will most typically use the rest of the section titles noted below. Critical/rhetorical studies will include many of the same steps, but will often have different headings. For example, a critical/rhetorical paper will have an introduction, definition of terms, and literature review, followed by an analysis (often divided into sections by areas of investigation) and ending with a conclusion/implications section. Because critical/rhetorical research is much more descriptive, the subheadings in such a paper are often times not generic subheads like "literature review," but instead descriptive subheadings that apply to the topic at hand, as seen in the schematic below. Because many journals expect the article to follow typical research paper headings of introduction, literature review, methods, results, and discussion, we discuss these sections briefly next. As you read social scientific journals (see chapter 1 for examples), you will find that they tend to get into the research question quickly and succinctly. Journal articles from the humanities tradition tend to be more descriptive in the introduction. But, in either case, it is good to begin with some kind of brief anecdote that gets the reader engaged in your work and lets the reader understand why this is an interesting topic. From that point, state your research question, define the problem (see Chapter One) with an overview of what we do and don't know, and finally state what you will do, or what you want to find out. The introduction thus builds the case for your topic, and is the beginning of building your argument, as we noted in chapter 1. By the end of the Introduction, the reader should know what your topic is, why it is a significant communication topic, and why it is necessary that you investigate it (e.g., it could be there is gap in literature, you will conduct valuable exploratory research, or you will provide a new model for solving some professional or social problem). The literature review summarizes and organizes the relevant books, articles, and other research in this area. It sets up both quantitative and qualitative studies, showing the need for the study. For critical/rhetorical research, the literature review often incorporates the description of the historical context and heuristic vocabulary, with key terms defined in this section of the paper. For more detail on writing a literature review, see Appendix 1. The methods of your paper are the processes that govern your research, where the researcher explains what s/he did to solve the problem. As you have seen throughout this book, in communication studies, there are a number of different types of research methods. For example, in quantitative research, one might conduct surveys, experiments, or content analysis. In qualitative research, one might instead use interviews and observations. Critical/rhetorical studies methods are more about the interpretation of texts or the study of popular culture as communication. In creative communication research, the method may be an interpretive performance studies or filmmaking. Other methods used sometimes alone, or in combination with other methods, include legal research, historical research, and political economy research. In quantitative and qualitative research papers, the methods will be most likely described according to the APA manual standards. At the very least, the methods will include a description of participants, data collection, and data analysis, with specific details on each of these elements. For example, in an experiment, the researcher will describe the number of participants, the materials used, the design of the experiment, the procedure of the experiment, and what statistics will be used to address the hypotheses/research questions. Critical/rhetorical researchers rarely have a specific section called "methods," as opposed to quantitative and qualitative researchers, but rather demonstrate the method they use for analysis throughout the writing of their piece. Helping your reader understand the methods you used for your study is important not only for your own study's credibility, but also for possible replication of your study by other researchers. A good guideline to keep in mind is transparency. You want to be as clear as possible in describing the decisions you made in designing your study, gathering and analyzing your data so that the reader can retrace your steps and understand how you came to the conclusions you formed. A research study can be very good, but if it is not clearly described so that others can see how the results were determined or obtained, then the quality of the study and its potential contributions are lost. After you completed your study, your findings will be listed in the results section. Particularly in a quantitative study, the results section is for revisiting your hypotheses and reporting whether or not your results supported them, and the statistical significance of the results. Whether your study supported or contradicted your hypotheses, it's always helpful to fully report what your results were. The researcher usually organizes the results of his/her results section by research question or hypothesis, stating the results for each one, using statistics to show how the research question or hypothesis was answered in the study. The qualitative results section also may be organized by research question, but usually is organized by themes which emerged from the data collected. The researcher provides rich details from her/his observations and interviews, with detailed quotations provided to illustrate the themes identified. Sometimes the results section is combined with the discussion section. Critical/rhetorical researchers would include their analysis often with different subheadings in what would be considered a "results" section, yet not labeled specifically this way. In the discussion section, the researcher gives an appraisal of the results. Here is where the researcher considers the results, particularly in light of the literature review, and explains what the findings mean. If the results confirmed or corresponded with the findings of other literature, then that should be stated. If the results didn't support the findings of previous studies, then the researcher should develop an explanation of why the study turned out this way. Sometimes, this section is called a "conclusion" by researchers. In this section, all of the literature cited in the text should have full references in alphabetical order. Appendices: Appendix material includes items like questionnaires used in the study, photographs, documents, etc. An alphabetical letter is assigned for each piece (e.g. Appendix A, Appendix B), with a second line of title describing what the appendix contains (e.g. Participant Informed Consent, or New York Times Speech Coverage). They should be organized consistently with the order in which they are referenced in the text of the paper. The page numbers for appendices are consecutive with the paper and reference list. Tables and figures are referenced in the text, but included at the end of the study and numbered consecutively. (Check with your professor; some like to have tables and figures inserted within the paper's main text.) Tables generally are data in a table format, whereas figures are diagrams (such as a pie chart) and drawings (such as a flow chart). As you may have noticed, academic writing does have a language (e.g., words like heuristic vocabulary and hypotheses) and style (e.g., literature reviews) all its own. It is important to engage in that language and style, and understand how to use it to communicate effectively in an academic context. Yet, it is also important to remember that your analyses and findings should also be written to be accessible. Writers should avoid excessive jargon, or—even worse—deploying jargon to mask an incomplete understanding of a topic. The scourge of excessive jargon in academic writing was the target of a famous hoax in 1996. A New York University physics professor submitted an article, "Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity," to a special issue of the academic journal Social Text devoted to science and postmodernism. The article was designed to point out how dense academic jargon can sometimes mask sloppy thinking. As the professor, Alan Sokal, had expected, the article was published. One sample sentence from the article reads: It has thus become increasingly apparent that physical "reality", no less than social "reality", is at bottom a social and linguistic construct; that scientific "knowledge", far from being objective, reflects and encodes the dominant ideologies and power relations of the culture that produced it; that the truth claims of science are inherently theory-laden and self-referential; and consequently, that the discourse of the scientific community, for all its undeniable value, cannot assert a privileged epistemological status with respect to counter-hegemonic narratives emanating from dissident or marginalized communities. (Sokal, 1996. pp. 217-218) According to the journal's editor, about six reviewers had read the article but didn't suspect that it was phony. A public debate ensued after Sokal revealed his hoax. Sokal said he worried that jargon and intellectual fads cause academics to lose contact with the real world and "undermine the prospect for progressive social critique" (Scott, 1996). The APA Manual recommends to avoid using technical vocabulary where it is not needed or relevant or if the technical language is overused, thus becoming jargon. In short, the APA argues that "scientific jargon...grates on the reader, encumbers the communication of information, and wastes space" (American Psychological Association, 2010, p. 68). Images and words have long existed on the printed page of manuscripts, yet, until recently, relatively few researchers possessed the resources to effectively combine images combined with words (Tufte, 1990, 1983). Communication scholars are only now becoming aware of this dimension in research as computer technologies have made it possible for many people to produce and publish multimedia presentations. Although visuals may seem to be anathema to the primacy of the written word in research, they are a legitimate way, and at times the best way, to present ideas. Visual scholar Lester Faigley et al. (2004) explains how data visualizations have become part of our daily lives: Visualizations can shed light on research as well. London-based David McCandless specializes in visualizing interesting research questions, or in his words "the questions I wanted answering" (2009, p. 7). His images include a graph of the peak times of the year for breakups (based on Facebook status updates), a radiation dosage chart, and some experiments with the Google Ngram Viewer, which charts the appearance of keywords in millions of books over hundreds of years. The public domain image below creatively maps U.S. Census data of the outflow of people from California to other states between 1995 and 2000. Visualizing one's research is possible in multiple ways. A simple technology, for example, is to enter data into a spreadsheet such as Excel, and select Charts or SmartArt to generate graphics. A number of free web tools can also transform raw data into useful charts and graphs. Many Eyes, an open source data visualization tool (sponsored by IBM Research), says its goal "is to 'democratize' visualization and to enable a new social kind of data analysis" (IBM, 2011). Another tool, Soundslides, enables users to import images and audio to create a photographic slideshow, while the program handles all of the background code. Other tools, often open source and free, can help visual academic research into interactive maps; interactive, image-based timelines; interactive charts; and simple 2-D and 3-D animations. Adobe Creative Suite (which includes popular software like Photoshop) is available on most computers at universities, but open source alternatives exist as well. Gimp is comparable to Photoshop, and it is free and relatively easy to use. One online performance studies journal, Liminalities, is an excellent example of how "research" can be more than just printed words. In each issue, traditional academic essays and book reviews are often supported photographs, while other parts of an issue can include video, audio, and multimedia contributions. The journal, founded in 2005, treats performance itself as a methodology, and accepts contribution in html, mp3, Quicktime, and Flash formats. For communication researchers, there is also a vast array of visual digital archives available online. Many of these archives are located at colleges and universities around the world, where digital librarians are spearheading a massive effort to make information—print, audio, visual, and graphic—available to the public as part of a global information commons. For example, the University of Iowa has a considerable digital archive including historical photos documenting American railroads and a database of images related to geoscience. The University of Northern Iowa has a growing Special Collections Unit that includes digital images of every UNI Yearbook between 1905 and 1923 and audio files of UNI jazz band performances. Researchers at he University of Michigan developed OAIster, a rich database that has joined thousands of digital archives in one searchable interface. Indeed, virtually every academic library is now digitizing all types of media, not just texts, and making them available for public viewing and, when possible, for use in presenting research. In addition to academic collections, the Library of Congress and the National Archives offer an ever-expanding range of downloadable media; commercial, user-generated databases such as Flickr, Buzznet, YouTube and Google Video offer a rich resource of images that are often free of copyright constraints (see Chapter 3 about Creative Commons licenses) and nonprofit endeavors, such as the Internet Archive, contain a formidable collection of moving images, still photographs, audio files (including concert recordings), and open source software. As Communication students, it's expected that you are not only able to communicate your research project in written form but also in person. Before you do any oral presentation, it's good to have a brief "pitch" ready for anyone who asks you about your research. The pitch is routine in Hollywood: a screenwriter has just a few minutes to present an idea to a producer. Although your pitch will be more sophisticated than, say, "Snakes on a Plane" (which unfortunately was made into a movie), you should in just a few lines be able to explain the gist of your research to anyone who asks. Developing this concise description, you will have some practice in distilling what might be a complicated topic into one others can quickly grasp. In most oral presentations of research, whether at the end of a semester, or at a research symposium or conference, you will likely have just 10 to 20 minutes. This is probably not enough time to read the entire paper aloud, which is not what you should do anyway if you want people to really listen (although, unfortunately some make this mistake). Instead, the point of the presentation should be to present your research in an interesting manner so the listeners will want to read the whole thing. In the presentation, spend the least amount of time on the literature review (a very brief summary will suffice) and the most on your own original contribution. In fact, you may tell your audience that you are only presenting on one portion of the paper, and that you would be happy to talk more about your research and findings in the question and answer session that typically follows. Consider your presentation the beginning of a dialogue between you and the audience. Your tone shouldn't be "I have found everything important there is to find, and I will cram as much as I can into this presentation," but instead "I found some things you will find interesting, but I realize there is more to find." Turabian (2007) has a helpful chapter on presenting research. Most important, she emphasizes, is to remember that your audience members are listeners, not readers. Thus, recall the lessons on speech making in your college oral communication class. Give an introduction, tell them what the problem is, and map out what you will present to them. Organize your findings into a few points, and don't get bogged down in minutiae. (The minutiae are for readers to find if they wish, not for listeners to struggle through.) PowerPoint slides are acceptable, but don't read them. Instead, create an outline of a few main points, and practice your presentation. Turabian suggests an introduction of not more than three minutes, which should include these elements: - The research topic you will address (not more than a minute). - Your research question (30 seconds or less) - An answer to "so what?" – explaining the relevance of your research (30 seconds) - Your claim, or argument (30 seconds or less) - The map of your presentation structure (30 seconds or less) As Turabian (2007) suggests, "Rehearse your introduction, not only to get it right, but to be able to look your audience in the eye as you give it. You can look down at notes later" (p. 125). In some symposiums and conferences, you may be asked to present at a "poster" session. Instead of presenting on a panel of 4-5 people to an audience, a poster presenter is with others in a large hall or room, and talks one-on-one with visitors who look at the visual poster display of the research. As in an oral presentation, a poster highlights just the main point of the paper. Then, if visitors have questions, the author can informally discuss her/his findings. To attract attention, poster presentations need to be nicely designed, or in the words of an advertising professor who schedules poster sessions at conferences, "be big, bold, and brief" (Broyles, 2011). Large type (at least 18 pt.), graphics, tables, and photos are recommended. A poster presentation session at a conference, by David Eppstein (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons] The Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC) has a template for making an effective poster presentation. Many universities, copy shops, and Internet services also have large-scale printers, to print full-color research poster designs that can be rolled up and transported in a tube. After taking this course, you should have a basic knowledge of research methods. There will still be some things that may mystify you as a reader of other's research. For example, you may not be able to interpret the coefficients for statistical significance, or make sense of a complex structural equation. Some specialized vocabulary may still be difficult. But, you should understand how to critically review research. For example, imagine you have been asked to do a blind (i.e., the author's identity is concealed) "peer review" of communication research for acceptance to a conference, or publication in an academic journal. For most conferences and journals, submissions are made online, where editors can manage the flow and assign reviews to papers. The evaluations reviewers make are based on the same things that we have covered in this book. For example, the conference for the AEJMC ask reviewers to consider (on a five-point scale, from Excellent to Poor) a number of familiar research dimensions, including the paper's clarity of purpose, literature review, clarity of research method, appropriateness of research method, evidence presented clearly, evidence supportive of conclusions, general writing and organization, and the significance of the contribution to the field. Beyond academia, it is likely you will more frequently apply the lessons of research methods as a critical consumer of news, politics, and everyday life. Just because some expert cites a number or presents a conclusion doesn't mean it's automatically true. John Allen Paulos, in his book A Mathematician reads the newspaper, suggests some basic questions we can ask. "If statistics were presented, how were they obtained? How confident can we be of them? Were they derived from a random sample or from a collection of anecdotes? Does the correlation suggest a causal relationship, or is it merely a coincidence?" (1997, p. 201). Through the study of research methods, we have begun to build a critical vocabulary and understanding to ask good questions when others present "knowledge." For example, if Candidate X won a straw poll in Iowa, does that mean she'll get her party's nomination? If Candidate Y wins an open primary in New Hampshire, does that mean he'll be the next president? If Candidate Z sheds a tear, does it matter what the context is, or whether that candidate is a man or a woman? What we learn in research methods about validity, reliability, sampling, variables, research participants, epistemology, grounded theory, and rhetoric, we can consider whether the "knowledge" that is presented in the news is a verifiable fact, a sound argument, or just conjecture. American Psychological Association (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Broyles, S. (2011). "About poster sessions." AEJMC. http://www.aejmc.org/home/2013/01/about-poster-sessions/. Faigley, L., George, D., Palchik, A., Selfe, C. (2004). Picturing texts. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. IBM (2011). Overview of Many Eyes. http://www.research.ibm.com/social/projects_manyeyes.shtml. McCandless, D. (2009). The visual miscellaneum. New York: Collins Design. Merskin, D. (2011). A boyfriend to die for: Edward Cullen as compensated psychopath in Stephanie Meyer's Twilight. Journal of Communication Inquiry 35: 157-178. doi:10.1177/0196859911402992 Paulos, J. A. (1997). A mathematician reads the newspaper. New York: Anchor. Scott, J. (1996, May 18). Postmodern gravity deconstructed, slyly. New York Times,http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/11/15/specials/sokal-text.html. Sokal, A. (1996). Transgressing the boundaries: towards a transformative hermeneutics of quantum gravity. Social Text 46/47, 217-252. Tufte, E. R. (1990). Envisioning information. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press. Tufte, E. R. (1983). The visual display of quantitative information. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press. Turabian, Kate L. (2007). A manual for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations: Chicago style guide for students and researchers (7th ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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Attention homeowners! Are you looking to sell your house? Whether it’s for relocation, downsizing, or simply a change of scenery, the process can seem overwhelming. But fear not, because this comprehensive guide will walk you through each step of selling your house with ease and confidence. From preparing your home for the market to negotiating offers and closing the deal, we’ve got you covered. So sit back and relax as we dive into all things real estate and get ready to make that big sale! 1. Preparing Your House for Sale Selling your house can be an overwhelming and daunting process. From finding the right real estate agent to setting a competitive price, there are many important steps that need to be taken in order to ensure a successful sale. However, one crucial aspect that is often overlooked is preparing your house for potential buyers. This includes both physical improvements as well as creating a welcoming atmosphere that will make them envision themselves living in their new dream home. 1.1. Importance of Home Staging Home staging is a crucial aspect of selling or renting out a property that often goes overlooked. It involves preparing and presenting a home in the best possible light to potential buyers or tenants, with the goal of maximizing its appeal and value. This could include decluttering, rearranging furniture, adding decorative elements, and even making minor renovations. The importance of home staging lies in its ability to create an emotional connection between the buyer/tenant and the property by showcasing its full potential. By highlighting key features and creating an inviting atmosphere, it can significantly increase interest from prospective clients and ultimately lead to quicker sales or rentals at higher prices. Home staging also helps minimize any flaws or imperfections that may turn off potential buyers/tenants, making it an essential marketing tool for any real estate professional. 1.2. Making Necessary Repairs Making necessary repairs is vital in maintaining a safe and functioning environment, whether it be at home or in the workplace. Repairs may range from minor fixes such as replacing a light bulb to more extensive renovations like fixing faulty electrical wiring. Ignoring even the smallest of repairs can lead to bigger problems down the line, resulting in potential hazards that could cause harm or inconvenience to individuals using that space. It is important not only for safety reasons but also for cost-saving measures to address any necessary repairs promptly before they escalate into larger issues that require more time and resources to fix. By staying on top of necessary repairs, we can ensure a well-maintained and efficient environment for everyone involved. 1.3. Enhancing Curb Appeal Curb appeal refers to the attractiveness of a property when viewed from the street. It is an important aspect for homeowners as it can significantly impact their home’s value and overall aesthetic appeal. Enhancing curb appeal involves making improvements to the exterior of a property, such as landscaping, painting, or adding decorative elements. These enhancements not only make a house more visually appealing but also create a welcoming atmosphere for visitors and potential buyers. A well-maintained and attractive front yard can increase the desirability of a property and potentially lead to higher resale values in the future. Additionally, improving curb appeal can give homeowners a sense of pride in their home and improve the overall appearance of their neighborhood. 2. Determining the Right Price for Your House Determining the right price for your house is a crucial step in the selling process. Setting an appropriate price will not only attract potential buyers but also ensure that you get a fair value for your property. There are several factors to consider when determining the right price, such as location, size and condition of the house, current market trends, and comparable properties in your area. It’s essential to do thorough research and seek professional guidance from real estate agents or appraisers to accurately assess these factors. Overpricing can drive away interested buyers while underpricing may lead to losing out on profits. Thus, finding the balance between attracting offers and maximizing profit is key in setting the perfect asking price for your home. 2.1. Importance of Home Appraisal Home appraisal is an essential step in the process of buying or selling a home. It provides an unbiased evaluation of the property’s market value, taking into consideration factors such as location, size, condition and recent sales of similar properties in the area. This information is crucial for both buyers and sellers as it helps to determine a fair price for the home. For buyers, an accurate appraisal can provide assurance that they are not overpaying for the property. On the other hand, sellers benefit from knowing their home’s true value so they can list it at an appropriate price to attract potential buyers. Additionally, lenders also rely on appraisals when deciding how much money to loan for a mortgage since homes serve as collateral for these loans. Overall, having a professional appraisal done ensures transparency and fairness in real estate transactions making it one of utmost importance. 2.2. Market Trends and House Pricing Market trends play a crucial role in determining the pricing of houses. These trends are influenced by various factors such as economic conditions, interest rates, and buyer preferences. In recent years, there has been an increase in demand for sustainable and energy-efficient homes, leading to higher prices for these types of properties. Additionally, with the rise of remote work due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a shift towards suburban areas and smaller towns where housing prices have also seen an uptick. On the other hand, urban areas that were once highly desirable have experienced a decrease in demand and subsequently lower house prices due to changes in lifestyle choices brought on by the pandemic. As market trends continue to evolve rapidly , it is important for both buyers and sellers to stay informed and adapt accordingly when making decisions about house pricing. 2.3. Setting a Competitive Price Setting a competitive price is essential for any business looking to succeed in the market. The right pricing strategy can help a company stand out among its competitors, attract potential customers and generate profits. However, determining an appropriate price can be challenging as it requires thorough research on industry trends, consumer buying behavior, and competitor analysis. It is crucial not only to consider costs but also factor in variables such as product quality, brand image, and unique selling points. A well-calculated competitive price brings balance between profitability and customer satisfaction while helping businesses gain a strong foothold in their respective markets. Moreover, constantly monitoring prices and making adjustments when necessary allows companies to stay ahead of changing market trends and maintain relevance with consumers. 3. Marketing Your House Effectively Marketing your house effectively is crucial to ensure a successful and timely sale. The first step in effective marketing is ensuring your property stands out from the competition. This can be achieved by highlighting its unique features, such as location, size, or modern upgrades. Utilizing professional photography and creating an enticing description of the property will also attract potential buyers. In addition to traditional methods like listing on multiple real estate websites and using for-sale signs, leveraging social media platforms can greatly expand visibility for those seeking a new home. Lastly, hosting open houses allows interested parties to experience the property firsthand and creates a sense of urgency in making an offer. By combining these strategies with pricing your house competitively, you increase the chances of finding a buyer quickly and maximizing profit on your investment. 3.1. Leveraging Online Platforms In today’s digital age, leveraging online platforms has become a crucial strategy for businesses to succeed. These platforms offer various opportunities such as increased reach, cost efficiency, and better targeting capabilities that traditional forms of advertising cannot match. By utilizing these platforms effectively, businesses can establish their presence in the ever-growing online market and connect with potential customers around the globe. Additionally, through analytics and data tracking tools available on these platforms, businesses can gain valuable insights into customer behavior and preferences which can aid in making informed marketing decisions. Leveraging online platforms also allows for easier communication with customers through social media channels or messaging systems further enhancing brand credibility and engagement. Therefore, it is essential for modern-day businesses to embrace these online platforms to stay competitive in their respective industries. 3.2. Importance of Professional Photography Professional photography plays a crucial role in capturing the essence and importance of various moments, events, and subjects. Unlike amateur or self-taken photographs, professional photos are carefully composed with attention to lighting, angles, and composition to create visually stunning images that effectively convey emotions and messages. In today’s digital age where visual content is increasingly dominant in marketing strategies for businesses and individuals alike, high-quality professional photography can make all the difference in attracting viewers’ attention and leaving a lasting impression. Moreover, professional photographers possess technical expertise along with specialized equipment to produce flawless images that cannot be replicated by non-professionals. These images not only serve as keepsakes but also hold value for commercial purposes such as advertising campaigns or documentation of significant events. Therefore, it is safe to say that professional photography holds immense significance in accurately representing people, products or experiences through captivating visuals. 3.3. Open House Strategies Open House Strategies are important tools for real estate agents to showcase a property and attract potential buyers. These strategies involve setting up the home in an appealing manner, advertising the event through various channels such as social media and traditional flyers, and creating a welcoming atmosphere for visitors. It is also essential to have knowledgeable staff present during open house events who can answer any questions or concerns from interested parties. Additionally, providing refreshments and giveaways can make the experience more memorable for attendees. By implementing effective Open House Strategies, real estate agents can increase visibility of their listings and ultimately lead to successful sales transactions. 4. Navigating the House Selling Process Selling a house can be a daunting and complex process, but with the right approach and guidance, it can also be a smooth and successful experience. The first step in navigating the house selling process is to determine your goals and priorities for the sale. This will help you set realistic expectations, such as desired timeline or target price. Next, it’s important to prepare your home for potential buyers by decluttering, staging rooms, addressing any necessary repairs or upgrades, and setting an attractive asking price based on market research. Then comes marketing your property through various channels like online listings or open houses to generate interest from potential buyers. Negotiating offers and accepting one that meets your criteria is another crucial aspect of this process before moving on to closing the sale with legal paperwork involved. It’s advisable to work closely with experienced real estate agents who can guide you at every stage of selling your house efficiently while helping you achieve maximum value for it. 4.1. Understanding Legal Aspects of House Selling When selling a house, it is important to have a clear understanding of the legal aspects involved in order to ensure a smooth and successful transaction. This includes being familiar with local laws and regulations related to property sales, as well as any specific requirements set by the homeowner’s association or neighborhood association. It is also crucial for sellers to be aware of their rights and responsibilities when it comes to disclosing information about the property, such as any known defects or potential hazards. Additionally, proper documentation must be prepared and signed by both parties in accordance with legal requirements before finalizing the sale. Failure to understand these legal aspects can result in delays or complications during the selling process, making it essential for sellers to seek guidance from professionals such as real estate agents or lawyers if needed. 4.2. Role of a Real Estate Agent A real estate agent plays a crucial role in the buying and selling of properties. They act as an intermediary between buyers and sellers, helping them navigate through the complex processes involved in purchasing or selling a property. Their main responsibility is to market properties for sale, find potential buyers or suitable properties for their clients, negotiate prices on behalf of their clients, and oversee all necessary legal paperwork. Additionally, they provide valuable insights into the local housing market trends and advise their clients on pricing strategies based on current market conditions. A good real estate agent also possesses strong communication skills to effectively communicate with both parties involved in a transaction while maintaining confidentiality throughout the process. Without a knowledgeable and experienced real estate agent by your side, navigating the ever-changing world of real estate can be overwhelming and stressful. 4.3. Negotiating and Closing the Deal Negotiating and closing the deal is a crucial step in any business transaction. It involves discussing and finalizing all aspects of the agreement between parties involved. This process requires effective communication, compromise, and understanding from both sides to ensure that an mutually beneficial outcome is reached. Negotiations can involve various factors such as price, terms of payment, delivery schedules, or additional services provided. Successful negotiation skills are essential for reaching a fair and satisfactory agreement for both parties involved. Once negotiations are complete, the next step is to close the deal by signing contracts or other legal documents outlining the agreed-upon terms. A well-negotiated and closed deal not only ensures that both parties are satisfied but also sets a strong foundation for future business relationships. 5. Maximizing Profit from Your House Sale If you are looking to sell your house, one of the most important goals is likely to maximize your profit from the sale. There are several strategies that can help you achieve this objective. First and foremost, make sure to list your property at a competitive price based on market trends and recent sales in your area. This will attract potential buyers and create competition for your home, potentially driving up the final selling price. Additionally, investing in small upgrades or renovations such as fresh paint or new fixtures can significantly increase the value of your home without breaking the bank. Marketing techniques like professional photography and staging can also showcase your property’s best features and entice buyers with a positive first impression. Finally, timing is crucial when it comes to maximizing profit from selling a house; consider listing during peak buying seasons when there is high demand for properties in order to receive multiple offers and negotiate better deals. 5.1. Improving Home Value Improving the value of one’s home is a goal that many homeowners strive for. There are various ways in which this can be achieved, ranging from simple cosmetic changes to more extensive renovations. One effective way to boost the value of a home is by making upgrades and improvements that increase its functionality and aesthetics. This could include updating outdated appliances, installing energy-efficient features such as solar panels or smart thermostats, adding extra living space through an extension or converting unused areas into functional rooms like an office or gym. In addition, enhancing curb appeal with landscaping, fresh paint job, and repair work on any visible damages can greatly impact a property’s overall value. Investing time and money into improving one’s home not only increases its marketability but also creates a comfortable living environment for current residents while ensuring better returns when it comes time to sell. 5.2. Timing Your House Sale Timing your house sale is an important aspect to consider when deciding to put your home on the market. There are many factors that can affect the timing of a successful home sale, such as current market conditions, interest rates, and seasonality. It is crucial to research and understand these factors in order to determine the optimal time for selling your house. For example, if you are selling during a seller’s market where there is high demand and low inventory, it may be beneficial to list your home at a higher price. On the other hand, if it is a buyer’s market with more properties available than buyers interested in purchasing them, pricing competitively will be key for a quick sale. Additionally, taking into consideration seasonal trends can also impact sales – spring traditionally being considered peak buying season due to better weather conditions and summer marking lower activity levels due to vacations and holidays.Overall , carefully considering all these variables before listing can help ensure that you receive top dollar for your property while minimizing potential stress or delays in closing the deal . The timing of putting up one’s house for sale has an enormous bearing on how much money they make from their transaction ; therefore , it should not be taken lightly . Conducting thorough research beforehand will enable homeowners to identify advantageous opportunities present within real estate markets which could help them maximize profits from their eventual disposition strategy: auction ; traditional MLS listings; online bidding wars … whatever option suits best ! Ultimately what matters most though remains getting maximum return outta this investment without having any regrets down-the-line afterwards – we don’t want anyone walkin’ away feeling shortchanged now do we ?! Planning ahead ensures sellers’ smoother sailing through rough waters like economic downturns too i.e housing crashes or superficial bubbles bursting by helping ’em reach shores shows highest likelihood successfull outcomes ensue instead resulting doom gloom frustration disappointment possible bankruptcy alternative scenarios surely noone desires ever confronting either …. 5.3. Avoiding Common House Selling Mistakes Selling a house can be an overwhelming process, but it’s important to avoid common mistakes that could potentially cost you time and money. One mistake to avoid is overpricing your home. It’s natural for homeowners to want top dollar for their property, but setting the price too high can turn away potential buyers and result in the house staying on the market longer than necessary. Another pitfall is neglecting curb appeal – first impressions are crucial when selling a home, so make sure the exterior of your house looks well-maintained and inviting. Not properly staging or decluttering can also hinder a sale as potential buyers may have trouble envisioning themselves living in an overcrowded or cluttered space. Finally, not hiring a reputable real estate agent who knows how to effectively market your property can lead to missed opportunities and lower offers. By avoiding these common mistakes, you’ll increase your chances of selling quickly and at a desirable price.
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With so many investors all trying to beat the market, what separates a truly Great Investor from the pack? One major factor is that Great Investors know the territory that lies underneath the map. Guy Spier is a Zurich-based investor and author of a book on investing entitled The Education of a Value Investor and is well known for bidding $650,100 with Mohnish Pabrai for a charity lunch with Warren Buffett in June 2007. Guy says his investment theory comes down to zigging when all the others are zagging—and the ability to know the difference between the “map” and the “territory”. Between the map and the territory The “map”, he goes on to explain, shows data and other salient information about a company that on the surface appears to reveal what’s going on inside but, in reality, is covering up the true value and obscuring future prospects. A firm’s quarterly report, for example, is a “map” created by the accountants who estimate sales and future earnings based on a number of assumptions, when, in fact, those assumptions often don’t pan out. To assess the actual value, Guy stresses the importance of looking more deeply into the “territory” for the degree of divergence between the two. For example, is a company posting revenue figures at the point when clients have actually bought or are they throwing out higher numbers that reflect only the intention of clients to buy? A great investor looks for that divergence and moves when the divergence swings in his favor. Warren Buffett defines the moat. Just as in days of old when plundering knights were thwarted by an open drawbridge over the moat surrounding the castle, attractive investments are those that have defensible characteristics. Warren Buffett has been quoted many times about the moat which he explains somewhat as a tall bridge across a sea mass, where the only way you can drive a car from point A to point B in that area is over that bridge. A company that is protected in such a way that renders it not vulnerable to competition is becoming even more rare in the digital age. Buffett’s partner, Charlie Munger, has stated, “Moats are getting attacked in many, many different areas and whole corporations that were set up for a certain kind of information and economic infrastructure are having to adjust. Some will adjust and some won’t.” With moats breaking down, the challenge to the investor is even greater, says Guy, and “the problems we face as investors is that those moats have become even more highly valued because people realize they’re even rarer than they were before.” Those fewer companies that are protected by a moat become even more valuable, leading in some cases to extreme over-evaluation. What’s in Guy Spier’s wallet? The question we always ask of our Great Investors is “what’s in your wallet?” Guy answered that even though investing in smaller cap companies is a better place to be, it’s also more likely to be more vulnerable to changes in the competitive dynamics in a way that larger companies aren’t. “This has created a bias in me to want to be and feel safer in larger companies. One of the best places to protect yourself from inflation, if you’re an investor, is to be in financial stocks because their earnings tend to rise with inflation, which is not necessarily the case with industrial stocks. That was at least half of my reason for getting into these American large cap financials, which would be a very good place to be in an inflationary environment. Once expectations of rising inflation start to kick in, these stocks should go up.” Guy also looks for under-valued companies with a moat, and the automobile industry is a prime example, for several reasons. One is the perception with the general public that self-driving cars are coming to a car lot near you, putting the old-fashioned companies out of business. They are coming, says Guy, but not any time soon and, meanwhile, there is a great deal of time for the car companies to continue making a lot of money selling those traditional models. Another reason is that the investing public still harbors some antagonism against the big car manufacturers for the bailouts granted them back in 2009, causing depressed evaluations of many of these companies. Disclosure: The opinions expressed are those of the interviewee and not necessarily United Capital. Interviewee is not a representative of United Capital. Investing involves risk and investors should carefully consider their own investment objectives and never rely on any single chart, graph or marketing piece to make decisions. Content provided is intended for informational purposes only, is not a recommendation to buy or sell any securities, and should not be considered tax, legal, investment advice. Please contact your tax, legal, financial professional with questions about your specific needs and circumstances. The information contained herein was obtained from sources believed to be reliable, however their accuracy and completeness cannot be guaranteed. All data are driven from publicly available information and has not been independently verified by United Capital. Steve Pomeranz: My guest is Guy Spier. Guy lives in Zurich, Switzerland. He’s the author of the book, The Education of the Value Investor, and he’s well known for winning the Charity Lunch with Mohnish Pabrai, where he sat down with Warren Buffett in June of 2007. Speaking of Mohnish, he was also recently a part of our Great Investor Series a few weeks ago, which you can find on our home page under World’s Greatest Investor Section at Stevepomeranz.com, that’s P-O-M-E-R-A-N-Z, Steve pomeranz.com. Guy joins us from London today. Welcome back to the show, Guy. Guy Spier: Steve, it’s a pleasure to be on your show and it’s a pleasure to join you whether in the United States, London, or Zurich. Steve Pomeranz: Well, we’re airing here from Boca Raton, Florida, so we’re kind of half a world away, but we’ve got a lot of wonderful concepts that we have in common here we can talk about. Let’s start. My goal here is to try to parse out the thinking of great investors and what separates someone from the pack, from all of the other investors out there that are really trying to do the same thing. Now, in a recent interview, you spoke about valuing companies and trying to understand what companies are all about, and one statement that you made that was really quite fascinating is you said, “The map is not the territory.” Can you explain that to us? Guy Spier: You know, it’s just an idea that I learned a long time ago and it’s not an original idea for me but I’ve been thinking about it a lot recently. What enables investors to beat the market is this idea of zigging when everybody else is zagging. People do that when they have a different view of what is going on and when they have a more accurate view of what is going on. It came to the realization for me, with the recent election that surprised so many people, that a lot of us inhabit a world in which we have a map, a representation of what is going on but that representation doesn’t represent the reality of what’s going on. So just to take the election analogy: we were focused, all of us, on the polls, but the polls did not represent what the electorate was about to do. It’s the same with companies. We can look at their financial statements; we can look at their earnings reports. We can look at a whole bunch of data that those companies produce about what’s going on, but that is a map, it’s not the underlying reality of what the company’s actually going to do. I think that the people who succeed in investing, one of the many attributes that they need to have is this ability to distinguish between the two and to see when there’s a sharp divergence, when the map of the world says one thing and the common map that people have is say, Hillary’s up in the polls, and the underlying reality is something very, very different. Just to take it into the investing world, one example would be with the evaluation of banks, pre-and-post 2009. Prior to 2009, increasing leverage was not enough. The banks were safe and they were taking, they were careful in the risks that they were taking. Then, post-2009, too much capital was not enough. It didn’t matter how much capital the banks had from some people’s perspective, they needed more and more and more. That is a map of how much the capital a bank needs, which could diverge very much from what is actually underlying their balance sheets. In an example, and sorry to make a long point of this. Steve Pomeranz: Go ahead. Guy Spier: In an environment of improving housing prices in the United States, post-2009, which would lead to an improvement in the banks’ capital ratios just through the collateral of the loans that they’re making, the regulators were telling them something that was completely opposite to that. The regulators had a different map to the reality, which created an opportunity I would argue. Steve Pomeranz: Well, there is always this dichotomy between, let’s use banks as an example, the actuality of doing business in a local economy and then these national banks, in a national economy, and then the perception of the government to try to protect the depositor and to protect the banking system, and the desire to regulate to some degree. Now, banks have been regulated for decades and decades and yet there is a point that the banks, at some point, will over-regulate and at some point they may under-regulate. I think what you’re saying right now is that with the terrible crisis of 2008, where the map, everybody’s map was wrong, the banks, the Fed. Everybody misunderstood what was going on. Now, the pendulum has swung completely the other way, but getting to your point about the map. When I look at a company’s annual report or I look at the quarterly report and I see what the accountants are saying is the true picture of the inside goings on of a company. I think I’m seeing reality. Am I, or am I just seeing a map? Guy Spier: Yeah. No, absolutely, and so that’s the company’s accounts are a map, so that we can take, we can start by acknowledging there are so many numbers in the company’s accounts which are estimates. They cannot, the accountants, and what’s important is the management itself don’t really know. They have to estimate. One simple example with a line that’s very hard to manipulate is the revenue line. Any company that has sales at dealerships, for example, have to make assumptions about when do they recognize a sale? Is the sale recognized when the dealer pays for the car, online pharmacy hydrocodone without prescription when the dealer sells the car off the lot, when the client pays? All of those will affect the revenue numbers for the year, so we see a revenue number based on assumptions that were made by the accountants, perhaps the management as well, that we don’t know actually know if those were the actual sales. We’d have to dig quite a lot deeper to find out if that was the case. Steve Pomeranz: Guy, how does an investor who’s trying to become a great investor, deal with all of these inherent built-in challenges? Guy Spier: Yes. Here I think it becomes a little easier—if your listeners are feeling overwhelmed by this idea—it becomes easier because, actually, we’re looking for just large movement. One of the things I try to do, when I look at a corporate account is the first rule, it’s the map. It’s not the territory but now I’m trying to see, does the map understate or overstate the territory? Is this, am I getting clues from these accounts that suggest that this management team and their accountants are trying very hard to show less value than what is actually there or the other way around. We would see that through, for example, their choices in depreciation policy. Are they depreciating their assets quickly, which would imply that they’re trying to be conservative in what they show or are they trying to depreciate their assets very, very slowly. In their acknowledgment of revenues, are they taking, are they acknowledging revenues at the very last moment when the client has paid cash or are they acknowledging their revenues when the client has just indicated the intention to buy? What we’re looking for is divergence in which the divergence is in our favor. Steve Pomeranz: I see. One of the key characteristics of great investing is this idea of finding companies that have built up what is called a moat around them. Describe what this moat means, briefly. Guy Spier: The best example, the best moat that I could describe to your listeners is not coming from me. It’s one described by Warren Buffett which would be a tall bridge across a sea mass, where that is the only way that you can drive a car from point A to point B in that area. If you can control that toll bridge, you can charge any price and it doesn’t matter what you do so long as the bridge is up. That is a fantastic model. That is a business where the client has no alternative and there’s no competition around. That is your bridge, if you like. Steve Pomeranz: All right. Guy Spier: We’re looking for businesses that have those kinds of defensible characteristics. Just to give another example, imagine a bunch of fishermen going out to sea to fish. Any fisherman is going to have to just work harder than the next guy to get more fish. There’s no moat at all. He’s just got to work, get up earlier, get to the fishing grounds sooner, have better nets. There’s no moat there. There’s no sitting back and relaxing, so in a certain sense, we’re looking for moats because, when you have a moat, you can sit back and relax and the profits come in, if you like. Those are the places where we want to be as investors, especially given that we don’t control the company ourselves, the management may be good or bad. There are all sorts of other factors that come into it. Steve Pomeranz: Now, the issue that you brought up in a previous interview was that with the digital economy, these moats are starting to break down and these toll roads are starting to be circumvented in other ways. Is it becoming more difficult now to find companies with strong economic protections around them? Guy Spier: Yes. This is not just coming from me. Charlie Munger is one of the comments that sticks with me very clearly from this, the most recent Berkshire Hathaway annual meeting, where he just said, “Look, moats are getting attacked in many, many different areas and whole corporations that were set up for a certain kind of information infrastructure and economic infrastructure are having to adjust, and some will adjust and some won’t.” That becomes very hard for us as outside, passive minority investors who are looking for a safe place to put our money, other than government bonds. It makes our job an awful lot harder and what’s worth adding, Steve, is that when there are clear moats, like the idea of the toll bridge, that is a moat that is not going to be taken away by the new technologies that have come around in the last ten years. The problems that I face or that we face as investors are that those moats have become even more highly valued because people realize that they’re even rarer than they were before, so I know that we were mentioning two businesses in the United States. One is Mohawk, which makes copper coverings—that is a phenomenal moat. It’s a very expensive moat. It will never be made obsolete by the Internet or by the Cloud or by the iPhone because, no matter what kind of technology we have, we’re still going to want to live in homes that have floor coverings of one kind or another. Steve Pomeranz: Let me break in for a moment. Let’s use this Mohawk as an example. You’re saying that the price being very high, as the market values this moat beyond other kinds of companies that don’t have it, makes it a difficult investment because the future value is diminished if you’re paying so much for the company. A good period of opportunity would be, if there was a big general market sell off, and the structure of the company didn’t change. The moat stayed in place but the price was brought down by this general downturn in the economy. That might be a period of opportunity and that discrepancy, perhaps, between the map, which is a bad market, a bad economy, and the reality which is, “Hey, here’s a company that has a moat.” Guy Spier: Steve, I could not have put it better. I have nothing to add. That is absolutely right. Steve Pomeranz: Guy, we have a section in our Great Investors Series which says, which asks the question, “What’s in their wallet,” talking about the great investors. I know that you have many dollars under asset management and I’d like to know a little bit about what’s in your wallet. I’m not going to ask for specific investments. We never do, but upon reading about you and what you’re currently doing, I noticed that you’re very much in the large-cap area. You’re very much in financials these days. You’ve got some automotive. Tell us a little bit about that. We don’t have that much time. Tell us if that’s different from what you would normally invest in due to current economic conditions. Guy Spier: You know, I’m agnostic across market cap sizes and, in general, we know that investing in smaller cap companies is a better place to be. The issue is that when you have a smaller cap company, it’s even more likely or it can be even more vulnerable to changes in the competitive dynamics in a way that larger companies aren’t. I think that that partly created a bias in me to want to be and feel safer in larger companies. I also, and I was completed wrong-footed on this, I saw the massive increase in the Fed’s balance sheet and in Central Bank’s balance sheets around the world and I said, “This has got to lead to inflation. It’s got to lead into inflation pretty soon and, therefore, I want to be inflation protected.” One of the best places to protect yourself from inflation, if you’re an investor, is to be in financial stocks because their earnings tend to rise with inflation, which is not necessarily the case with industrial stocks, so that was kind of at least half of my reason for getting into these American large cap financials, which would be a very good place to be in an inflationary environment, and as expectations of inflation have kicked in, those stocks have had a move. The other place was, as you described, you want to be in a place where people don’t give the moat the value that it deserves and straight after 2009, the banks were hated. Because they were hated, their moats were given a lower value than I think they deserved, but it is also worth saying that their moats are under attack, and we don’t know the final outcome of all the innovation that’s going on in Finntech and how it will impact those moats. If you pushed me, I would say their moats are shrinking but their moats were still vastly undervalued by the market, who just hated them. I guess that’s sort of my rationale for some of those large-cap financial institutions that I have in my portfolio. To talk about automobiles for a second, I think, and again it’s this sort of what does the public perceive versus what is the reality. The public, the investing public, perceives that we’re going to be in self-driving cars tomorrow, not quite that but pretty soon. There’s an enormous amount of excitement around it. I think that the reality is that mobility is going to change a lot more slowly. There are all sorts of reasons why self-driving cars will take a long time to get implemented. Meanwhile, the established automobile makers have an awfully important role to play and can make very good money doing so. It’s not that the automobile manufacturers are necessarily the best businesses in the world, but they’re being grossly undervalued by an investing public that hates the bailouts that they received during the financial crisis, and also believes that they’re going out of business. I’m saying, “Well, that’s just not the case.” It’s not that bad, if you like. Steve Pomeranz: Interesting talk with Guy Spier. Guy lives in Zurich, Switzerland. He’s author of the book, The Education of the Value Investor. He’s been on our show a number of times, and you can see why I have him back. He always offers insightful information that’s easy to understand so the rest of us can get our investing just right. To find out more about Guy Spier and to hear this interview again, don’t forget to join the conversation at Stevepomeranz.com, that’s P-O-M-E-R-A-N-Z, Stevepomeranz.com. Hey Guy, thank you so much for joining us from London today. Guy Spier: Steve, I have to tell you that I’ve learned in this interview yet again why you have such a popular show. You’re an incredible educator and you make ideas that sometimes seem difficult, very simple for your listeners and you help me to explain those ideas, so thank you for doing that. Steve Pomeranz: Thank you very much, Guy Spier.
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Jim Langevin on how Congress has come 'a long way from where we first started' on cyber When Jim Langevin entered Congress in 2001, cybersecurity was barely on the radar for most lawmakers. But a drumbeat of hacks and escalating digital threats prompted Langevin, who this year left office after 22 years representing Rhode Island’s 2nd congressional district, to help create the House Cybersecurity Caucus in 2008. As its co-chair, Langevin both raised awareness of the issue and proposed countless measures to strengthen America’s cybersecurity. Langevin was appointed to the Cyberspace Solarium Commission in 2019, which was created by Congress to develop a strategic approach to defending against major cyberattacks, and helped draft dozens of recommendations. More than half of the recommendations, including the establishment of a National Cyber Director, have been implemented or are close to implementation. Langevin recently spoke to The Record about his cybersecurity efforts in Congress, the direction he thinks the new Congress will go, and which lawmakers will likely make cybersecurity a priority issue. He also spoke about his plans after public life, which include leading a cybersecurity study group at Brown University. The conversation below has been lightly edited for clarity. Adam Janofsky: When you look back at your time in Congress, what are you most proud of when it comes to cybersecurity accomplishments? Jim Langevin: There are a number of things I'm very proud of — part of it is raising the awareness of the issue both among my colleagues and the public. I wish I could take all the credit for that, but a good part of it is because of the high-profile hacks and cyber intrusions that have occurred that get most of the credit. But I was there early on trying to raise awareness of the importance of the issues, so I chalk it up in the win column. In terms of things that I directly had a hand in, we were able to create the Cybersecurity Caucus which was important, and the most important thing I've been involved in with respect to cyber over the years is the Cyberspace Solarium Commission and the more than 80 recommendations that came out of the Commission's report. The Commission's charge was to create an overarching strategy for better protecting the United States against cyberattacks of significant consequence, and among the recommendations the most important one in my mind — something I've been working to create for 10 years — was the National Cyber Director in the executive office. Chris Inglis is that first ever National Cyber Director. I’m very proud of the work that Chris Inglis is doing — he's the right person for the job and it's important that he's there serving as the principal advisor to the President on cybersecurity issues. He's the coach on the field pulling together our cyber policy, making sure all the oars are being pulled the right direction. Then beyond that, of course, is the work we've done to elevate CISA [the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency]. I applaud Jen Easterly in the extraordinary work that she and her team are doing at CISA, trying to protect the .gov network, but also the work that they're doing in terms of working with private sector critical infrastructure to make sure that they are more secure and that the private sector has a place to go in the government that can offer meaningful assistance. Serving on the Cyberspace Solarium Commission was one of my proudest achievements.— Jim Langevin (@JimLangevin) December 22, 2021 From the National Cyber Director to the JCPO, we turned dozens of recommendations into law. Thanks to our shared work, U.S. cyber defenses are stronger than ever before.https://t.co/6PHW34ZgWV There are a number of other things that I'm proud of, I’m pleased with the progress we’ve made, but clearly there's still a long way to go since cybersecurity is a moving target and we're never going to get to the point where we can say we're 100% secure. There is no such thing. But we can continue to buy down our risk as much as possible and close that aperture of vulnerability that currently exists — we’ve gotten it a little bit smaller but there’s more work to do. AJ: If you compared the size of the cyber threat landscape when you joined Congress to what it is now, would you say that it has gotten better or worse? JL: It depends how you look at it. It's a vast attack space and we at least have better situational awareness. We're better organized. There are better policies in place to protect the country against cyber threats. But we're not out of the woods — I don't know that we ever will be — we’re just better prepared. And we're not naive to the fact that cyberattacks can happen. Catastrophic things could happen, but we're building a new resiliency, we're getting prepared and we have better recovery plans in place so that we can hopefully pivot in the event of a major cyberattack. So I would say that we're a long way from where we first started — we weren’t prepared at all. We have now the right structure, people and policies in place to better protect the country in cyberspace. AJ: On the flip side, are there any items that you didn't get to, or that you hope the new Congress takes up? JL: There are a few areas. First of all, I still believe that we should create the Joint Collaborative Environment, which would be an entity that would presumably be housed most likely within the JCDC [Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative] and it would allow closer collaboration between the government — particularly the intelligence community — and systemically important critical infrastructure. Not all critical infrastructure is systemically important per se, but think of entities that if they were hit then it wouldn't just be the company having a bad day, but it would be the country having a bad day. Think Colonial Pipeline as an example. What we really need to see is a kind of common situational awareness for both government and private sectors to analyze and understand the threats that we're facing. Common operating tools so that the government — specifically the intelligence community — and private sector critical infrastructure can analyze threat data in real time and not just pass emails back and forth about critical threats. I think that's important. The other thing I'd like to see get across the finish line is the Bureau of Cyber Statistics. It's wonky, but we don't have a lot of good data helping us to assess what's working well in cybersecurity and what's not. It would answer the question a lot of people have, which is how do we spend our next cybersecurity dollar to get the best bang for our buck — the best return on investment. I think that would help not only the government to appropriate precious tax paid dollars, but also in the private sector helping to make the business case for where and how and why we should invest in cybersecurity. Funding is going to be incredibly important for CISA and other areas of government, but also working with state, local, territory and tribal governments to help them modernize their IT infrastructure. There are a lot of antiquated systems out there that are hard to defend, hard to update, hard to modernize. And they're easy targets for hackers to get into, especially the ransomware attackers. So if we can update our IT systems, make them more easy to defend, if we can hopefully incentivize federal state, local, territory and tribal governments to migrate data to the cloud, it goes a long way toward stronger cybersecurity. But you can’t just put the data in the cloud and think it's going to run automatically. State and local governments especially don't have the resources to do this all on their own. We need federal investment to help in that area. State and local governments are never going to be able to defend against nation state attacks, so let’s let them do what they do best — deliver services to their constituents — and leave security to the security experts, and migrating data to the cloud will allow that to happen. One last thing I want to mention is further investment in developing cybersecurity talent. You can have great policies in place, but if you don't have the people to actually execute the policies we're still going to be fighting a tough battle. Right now we're still way under-resourced on the human capital, on the workforce talent needed to protect the country, and especially the private sector critical infrastructure. AJ: In terms of where you think the new Congress will go on cybersecurity, the GOP is promising budget cuts — do you think that cyber will be on the chopping block? Or do you think they might accomplish some of these things that you're describing? JL: I still think there is broad bipartisan support for cybersecurity. It's one of the few areas where I wouldn't say it’s immune to budget cuts, but my colleagues in Congress understand the threat and the need for resources to defend the country in cyberspace. So further investments in CISA and the important mission that they're doing there is important. They need to continue to grow their indigenous workforce there, so that they have their own workforce cyber talent and they don’t have to rely on others, like asking for help from U.S. Cyber Command. CISA needs its own area of expertise. I think that there's broad bipartisan support still for the resources for cybersecurity in this country. AJ: What's next for you? JL: Well right now I'm unwinding a little bit and looking to achieve a better work-life balance. It's been an incredible honor to serve in Congress over the last 22 years, and I've been in public life for over 30 years now. But the frequent travel and the living in two places at one time takes its toll. And I want to be able to stay closer to home. So I'm going to be doing some things in academia. I’ll be doing some teaching, working with young people and involved in a couple of college campuses. And then I'm going to be doing some things in the private sector, but it'll be a portfolio approach, not just one thing. But I still hope to be involved in cyber policy. I hope to still lend my talents to strengthening our cybersecurity, I'll just be doing it from the private sector perspective now. AJ: You mentioned Chris Inglis earlier, and it's been reported that he's planning to retire from his position. Do you have any desire to be the next National Cyber Director? JL: Not at this point right now. I really want to continue to achieve that work-life balance, and I don't know that being National Cyber Director would achieve that. I'm just in awe and deeply appreciative of Chris Inglis for his outstanding record of public service both when he was in the military and the NSA, and now our National Cyber Director. He's done such extraordinary work standing up the National Cyber Director Office and helping to write the cyber strategy. I'm looking forward to that coming out, and I hope Chris stays there for a very long time. Unfortunately that may not be the case from what I hear, but I’m deeply appreciative of what Chris has done and will continue to do. AJ: What would you like to see from that office going forward? JL: Well I want to see the national cyber strategy being produced. I want to see the National Cyber Director’s role and that office continue to mature and strengthen and be the very point person and office for coordinating our national cyber policy going forward and making sure that we're pulling all the oars in the right directions. That it makes sure all the departments and agencies are taking cybersecurity seriously, that they're investing appropriately in their IT and cybersecurity budgets and capabilities. And, you know, that everything that the government can be doing is hopefully being done to strengthen our cybersecurity posture. AJ: Who should we be looking to lead on cybersecurity issues in Congress now? JL: There's a handful of people. I wish more people would do it, but you're gonna see I think Elissa Slotkin (D-MI). Elissa is the person that I asked to be the Democratic lead on the Cybersecurity Caucus, to be the new Democratic co-chair along with the Republican congressman Michael McCaul (R-TX). He and I co-founded and co-chaired it since it started. Also Andy Kim (D-NJ) is someone to look to on cybersecurity issues along with Eric Swalwell (D-CA). Someone else who's shown an interest in this is Dutch Ruppersberger (D-MD). On the Republican side, you also see Mike Gallagher (R-WI). Elise Stefanik (R-NY) takes an interest in both cyber and AI issues. So, there's a number of good colleagues on both sides of the aisle that will continue the fight for stronger cybersecurity, I have no doubt. AJ: Do you think the new House Homeland Security Committee chair Mark Green (R-TN) will make cyber one of his key issues? Does he have any background or knowledge of cybersecurity? JL: I'm not sure on that. I'm sure he will make it a priority. And Yvette Clarke (D-NY) and Bennie Thompson (D-MS) [on the committee] take cybersecurity seriously. So, there will still be a number of people on both sides of the aisle that will continue it. But I don't think I've had any direct conversations with the new chairman on that, but I'm sure he understands that cyber is a growing and existing threat that we need to address. And I stand ready to testify before Congress or talk to my colleagues about these issues. I see that as a responsibility going forward since I was involved on these issues for so many years. AJ: A couple questions on CISA… Do you think CISA needs to be a $5 billion agency like John Katko (R-NY) has suggested? JL: I don't recall the current budget for CISA — would that be going upward or down? Where is it right now? AJ: Upwards — Maybe double what CISA’s budget was when he said it. JL: Well I won't disagree with John Katko that it needs more resources. It goes back to what I said before that we need to grow its inherent capabilities so that it can stand out on its own, develop its own cyber expertise. For example, with the right amount of people and expertise to defend .gov. And it’s a pretty vast responsibility to be an important resource to the private sector. If we want CISA to be able to bring meaningful things to the table, to help the private sector, they have to have resources and people to do that. So that requires the budget to grow. AJ: CISA has gotten some criticism lately — how would you rate the job they’re doing? JL: I think that they're doing an outstanding job. You know, it's a young agency, they're going to have growing pains, we all get that. But I applaud Director Easterly for her leadership and the people that she has around her, she's assembled a great team. I think she's got the right vision. She was the one that proposed creating the JCDC, which is valuable to both the government and the private sector. The Joint Cyber Planning Office is important. I am deeply frustrated and disappointed by the recent reporting about @CISAJen and the hardworking men and women at @CISAGov.— Jim Langevin (@JimLangevin) December 22, 2022 As I have said over and over – @CISAJen has done a phenomenal job of leading the agency, and under her leadership, CISA is firing on all cylinders. 1/ We want to get out ahead of the threats. We want to identify the threats, we want to wargame them out. We want to be able to understand how to respond to them quickly. We can work hard to stay one step ahead of our adversaries and prevent the cyberattacks from happening in the first place, but if they do happen, how do we reconstitute quickly? That's something else that we need to see happen — we have to recognize that we are getting hit with cyberattacks and if we were to get hit with something significant, we want to be able to prioritize what we need to do to get our economy back up and running again. If a company or entity gets hit and goes down, get that up and running again. And we do that by buying and exercising for these potential eventualities. To do that, it takes resources. One thing I would like to see — I was hoping to see before I left — is the force structure assessment that is pending right now, but CISA did its part. We're waiting for the White House now to clear it and to make it public. But I give high marks to Director Easterly and her team at CISA for the work that they are doing. For young agency, I think they're hitting the mark, they're doing well. AJ: Do you think someday you might want to be in charge of CISA? JL: Oh, I don't have any plans to do that. I'm looking forward to being close to home here in Rhode Island. There are many ways to serve, and I did my 22 years in Congress. I’m in Washington right now and I don't envision myself coming back here anytime soon permanently, full time. But you never say never, who knows what the future holds. is the founding editor-in-chief of The Record from Recorded Future News. He previously was the cybersecurity and privacy reporter for Protocol, and prior to that covered cybersecurity, AI, and other emerging technology for The Wall Street Journal.
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Terms and Conditions for using Ominto Online Services Effective Date: 26 August 2020. IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF USE ("TERMS") CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THE SITE, AS THEY AFFECT YOUR LEGAL RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WAIVERS OF RIGHTS, LIMITATION OF LIABILITY, ARBITRATION OF DISPUTES AND YOUR INDEMNITY TO US. BY ACCESSING OR USING THIS SITE, YOU AGREE TO THESE TERMS. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL OF THESE TERMS, DO NOT USE THIS SITE. These "Terms" govern your use of the Ominto website and all related services and features such as widgets, applications, browser extensions, content and downloads that are available through this website or that post these Terms (the "Shopping Site" or "Site") regardless of how you access or use it. Ominto Limited, 22 Northumberland Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin D04ED73, Ireland with registered number 229339 at the Companies Registration Office of Ireland or its subsidiaries and/or affiliates (collectively, "Ominto", "us" or "we") operate this Site. The Site may be located at www.dubli.com or may be hosted under any other domain Ominto or its partner(s) elect to operate the Site at. You are obligated to gain a complete understanding of the Terms and the functions and operation of the Site. The Ominto FAQ's, as well as the How Does Cash Back Work? section, can be an aid in this purpose. In the event any FAQ comments, Site content, or any statements by our Customer Service Team conflict with these Terms, these Terms will govern. Ominto Limited and its subsidiaries, affiliates and associated entities listed below include Ominto Inc, BSP Rewards Inc, Ominto India Private Limited, Ominto Japan GK, Ominto E-commerce Ltd., Dublicom Limited, Dubli Network Limited, Dubli Japan GK, Dubli India Private Limited, Dubli Pakistan Private Limited, Dubli E-commerce Ltda, Dubli DMCC, CG Holdings Ltd (collectively, "Ominto Group Companies"). §1.Validity, Compliance and Changes to Terms (1) These Terms serve to regulate the contractual and operational relationship between you and Ominto. They apply to every user, whether they are natural persons or legal entities. By using the Site, you declare your consent with these Terms. In addition, you will be requested to expressly accept the currently valid Terms at various points of the Site. Regardless of whether or not you are so requested or do not explicitly agree, if you access and use the Site other than to read these Terms, you are bound by them. (2) Ominto reserves the right to change these Terms prospectively, at any time and without any reason, ("Updated Terms"). You may be notified of Updated Terms by email or otherwise; however, you agree that we may notify you of the Updated Terms by simply posting them on the Site, and that your use of the Site after we have posted the Updated Terms (or engaging in such other conduct as we may reasonably specify) constitutes your agreement to the Updated Terms. Therefore, you should review these Terms each time before using the Site. The Updated Terms will be effective as of the time of posting, or such later date as may be specified in the Updated Terms and will apply to your use of the Site from that point forward. §2.Eligibility, Account Registration (1) Those eligible to use the Site, earn Cash Back (defined in Section 5 below) and purchase paid memberships offered by us are natural persons the age of majority (i.e., old enough to enter a binding contract) in the jurisdiction in which they are located, and in no event younger than 18 years of age and legal entities duly incorporated and in good standing in the jurisdiction in which they are located. (2) In order to use this Site, you are required to register a user account. Basic membership is free. You are only permitted to register once and must provide your accurate name, residential address and other requested information. All submitted information must be true. You are obliged to keep passwords confidential and not share your account with others. Ominto will neither request your passwords by email nor by telephone. You are liable for any third-party use of your user account and your password, so keep them secure. §3.Expulsion of Users, Inactivity & Change of Offers (1)Ominto has the discretion to immediately expel a user, or suspend or terminate a user’s account or licenses in its business judgment, including, without limitation, if the user has violated legal regulations, third-party rights, these Terms; or has violated, endangered, or infringed upon a legitimate interest of Ominto, particularly in case of outstanding payments or other matters for the protection of other users. (2)Ominto may terminate an account and void all previous Cash Back earnings in the event of inactivity, ie no Qualified Purchases occurred for a period of 2 years (24 months) or more. Accounts here-in terminated will not be reinstated and the voided transactions are permanently forfeited. (3) Ominto is entitled to change (in particular to reduce or suspend) its services or offerings, including, but not limited to, changing its fee schedule, product and service pricing and Cash Back percentages, in its sole discretion at any time and without prior notice. Ominto may also at its absolute discretion discontinue the Site or any aspect of it at any time. §4.Use of Site Generally If you comply with these Terms, we grant you a limited, personal, non-exclusive, revocable, non-assignable and non-transferable license to download, copy, display, view and use the Materials (defined in Section 18 below) available on the Site for the purpose of viewing the Site and using our services so long as you do not do any of the following: - remove, alter, or obfuscate any trademark, copyright and other proprietary notices contained in the Materials; - without the prior written consent of Ominto, make derivative works of, or commercially distribute or otherwise exploit the Site or any of its Materials, or use the Site or any of its Materials in a manner that inaccurately suggests an association between you and us or our licensors; - reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble, reverse assemble, or modify any Site source or object code or any software or other products, services, or processes accessible through any portion of the Site, or attempt to discover any source code that the Site uses to generate its content or any software or other products or processes accessible through the Site; - insert or attach any code, device, technology or product to the Site or Materials including, without limitation, those that monitor the Site or its users, or negatively affect any user’s experience of the Site or otherwise negatively affect the Site, its users or us; - use any meta tags or any other "hidden text" utilizing any Ominto trademarks or trade names; - engage in any activities through or in connection with the Site that seek to attempt to, or do, harm any individuals or entities or are unlawful, offensive, obscene, lewd, lascivious, filthy, violent, threatening, harassing, or abusive, or that violate any right of any third party, or are otherwise objectionable to us; - engage in any activity that interferes with a user’s access to the Site or the proper operation of the Site, or otherwise causes harm to the Site, Ominto, or other users of the Site; - interfere with or circumvent any security feature of the Site or any feature that restricts or enforces limitations on use of or access to the Site or the Materials; - monitor, gather, copy, or distribute such Materials (except as may be a result of standard search engine or activity or use of a standard Internet browser) on the Site by using any robot, rover, "bot," spider, scraper, crawler, spyware, engine, device, software, extraction tool, or any other automatic device, utility, or manual process of any kind; - frame or utilize framing techniques to enclose any such Materials (including any images, text, or page layout); - upload, post, email, or otherwise transmit any material that contains viruses or any other computer code, files, or programs which might interrupt, limit, or interfere with the functionality of any computer software or hardware or telecommunications equipment; or - otherwise use or exploit the Site or any Materials in any way for any purpose except as specifically permitted by these Terms without the prior written consent of an officer of Ominto. §5.Cash Back Shopping (1) Ominto has partnered with various third party online stores ("Stores"; each a "Store") and provides this Cash Back Shopping Site which allows you to earn back a portion of your online shopping spending at these Stores if conducted through the Site. Ominto is not the supplier of the goods and services listed in the different Stores on the Shopping Site. Ominto provides a link to the Store but you will conclude a purchase contract directly with the Store (see discussion of third-party links below). The identity of the Store as well as its terms and conditions are available on the website of the selected Store. A product purchased using the Site is covered by the applicable Store's return, exchange and shipping policies. (2) Ominto does not guarantee the accuracy of details listed by third-party suppliers on the Shopping Site, in particular for product descriptions, availability and prices, as these are listed completely by the third-party suppliers. Should you identify an error, please notify our Customer Service Team. After investigating the complaint, Ominto will ask the respective Store to correct the error and – as the case may be – we will consider suspending the Store. In the event you find a Cash Back percentage that is unreasonably high or difficult to justify (for example 50%, 100% or 150%) Ominto shall not be obligated to honor that Cash Back percentage. The unreasonably high Cash Back amount will be replaced with the correct Cash Back amount and applied to your Ominto account. If you notice an unreasonably high Cash Back on our site, please contact customer service immediately. (3) All registered users of the Ominto Shopping Site earn Cash Back on their Qualified Purchases (defined hereafter) at participating Stores. If you shop through the Ominto Shopping Site, whether you are a free or paid member (see Section 6) we will credit a certain percentage of the purchase amount ("Cash Back") to your Ominto account. Please note that Cash Back amounts are calculated based on the net purchase amount. The net purchase amount excludes (amongst others) taxes, fees, shipping, gift-wrapping, discounts or credits, returns or cancellations and extended warranties. Ominto does not guarantee the Cash Back feature; Cash Back is only earned on Qualified Purchases. A "Qualified Purchase" is a purchase that a user has made at a Store after: (a) connecting to the Store via a designated link from the Site; or (b) opening the Mobile App and connecting to the Store via a designated from the App; or (c) clicking on Ominto’s browser extension indicator that appears when visiting a participating Store; or (d) clicking on a link in an e-mail from Ominto or its partners that goes directly to a Store; or (e) any time the Ominto browser extension redirects a user back to a Store and that is in all cases (a) to (e) above subsequently properly reported to Ominto by the Store and in all cases completing the purchase in that window without clicking out or opening any additional window(s). If a user is not properly logged in to the Shopping Site, Cash Back may be forfeited. (4) With regard to Cash Back, please note the following restrictions: - Cash Back on travel services will possibly not be granted until the travel is completed. - Cash Back on subscription-based products or purchases that are bundled to subscription-based products may only be granted in the first month of the subscription and only on the core component of the bundle. Setup fees, costs for included equipment and other additional costs may not be subject to a Cash Back. The purchase of stamps is not subject to Cash Back. - Cash Back will not be calculated on proportionately included postage and/ or shipping costs and other fees respectively (e.g. handling fees). - The assessment base for the Cash Back is net, without VAT, sales tax, GST etc. - Cash Back may not be granted for the purchase and/or redemption of gift cards. - Ominto reserves the right to deny Cash Back if it was received in an improper or fraudulent way or in circumvention of our Terms. Please note that you must be logged in for the technical implementation of the Cash Back to work properly. Despite the use of developed technology, it is not always possible to guarantee a loss-free allocation of all purchases to your account. Should you miss any purchases, please report them by using the tab "Missing Purchase" for further investigation from the Store. - Certain Stores exclude a limited number of products and purchases from Cash Back or have other conditions or restrictions – e.g. bulk orders. - Additional restrictions not mentioned here may apply. - Ominto can only pay Cash Back after we have received confirmation from the relevant Affiliate Network/ Partners regarding the Qualified Purchase. (5) The user must check if all purchases are listed in his/her account and report all inquiries two weeks following the date of purchase at the soonest. The user is obligated to produce documentation or information in order to verify (i) the purchase, (ii) eligibility and/or (iii) compliance including but not limited the actual date of purchase, proof of purchase via Store-generated receipts, invoice, ID copy etc. and present them upon request. All claims must be made within ninety (90) days from the date of purchase. (6) Ominto pays your available Cash Back 3 times per year (in March, July, and November) upon your request, which request must be submitted by you to Ominto during the month prior to the relevant payout month . Only one withdrawal per payout month is permitted. Depending on your location, Ominto may offer various payment methods and currencies. You do not have the right to use a particular payment method or currency and available methods may change without notice. The minimum amount of Cash Back eligible to be withdrawn is as follows, depending on the applicable account currency: USD – 25 AUD – 30 EUR – 25 GBP – 20 BRL – 80 INR – 1000 You will be charged the transaction fee. The amount of time it takes to process a payment as well as the transaction fee varies by payment option. (2) The VIP Rewards membership is for personal use only. Commercial use is prohibited and Ominto may restrict access or cancel your VIP Rewards membership at any time at its own discretion in case of any misuse. §7.Refer-A-Friend Program ("the RAF Program") (1)The RAF Program rewards you as an existing user with up to $10 per referral when you successfully refer your friends/ new users to the Site. Under our RAF Program: (a)Subject to the eligibility criterion specified below, we will credit you with a $5 VIP RAF Referral joining reward ("VIP RAF Joining Reward") for each friend who registers for a fully-paid VIP Rewards membership under our annual billing plan (monthly payment plan excluded). (b)We will credit you with a $5 referral cashback reward ("RAF Cash Back Reward") for each referred friend who meets the minimum Cash Back criterion as below. (2)In order for you to qualify for the $5 RAF Cash Back Reward, each referred friend of yours who joins as a free user or a VIP Rewards member, must earn a minimum of $25 Cash Back within 6 months of joining. (3)In order for you to qualify for the $5 VIP RAF Joining Reward for each referred friend, your friend must: (a)Have successfully registered as a VIP Rewards member using the approved RAF Link and paid in full their VIP Rewards membership under our annual billing plan (monthly payment plan excluded); and (b)Have remained as a VIP Rewards member for at least 30 days from their date of joining (4)The VIP RAF Joining Reward and RAF Cash Back Reward are not applicable in conjunction with any promotional vouchers, offers, coupons or discounted rates as may be offered from time-to-time. (5)You must be an existing registered user on the Site to make successful referrals and qualify for the referral rewards under this RAF Program. (6)You must obtain your referral link (RAF Link) via our Site, then send the RAF Link to your friend who must click the RAF Link you sent, to create an account and join as free user or a VIP Rewards member. (7)The RAF Program is not open for referrals made to existing users and members who are already registered as free or VIP Rewards members. (However, you will still be eligible for the RAF Joining Reward if your friend is an existing free member but upgrades to the VIP Rewards membership in accordance with section 7(3)(a) using the RAF Link you sent them). (9)For the purposes of this RAF Program, Ominto has the sole discretion to determine whether a referral qualifies as a successful referral ("Qualified Referral"). (10)Once your referral is considered a Qualified Referral, you will be credited any applicable VIP RAF Joining Rewards and/or RAF Cashback Rewards into your membership account provided that your friend's transaction has successfully gone through and hasn't been refunded. To check your credit balance, visit your dashboard and check the amount displayed. (11)You must redeem any VIP RAF Joining Rewards and/or RAF Cashback Rewards credits within 6 months of those credits being deposited in your account, following which time they shall automatically expire and be rendered null and void. (12)Any cancellation or termination of your referred friend’s VIP Rewards membership for any reason within the first 12 months of their joining date will also result in reversal of any VIP RAF Joining Rewards and/or RAF Cash Back Rewards that may have been credited to your account. (13)VIP RAF Joining Rewards and/or RAF Cash Back Rewards credits cannot be transferred, exchanged for any cash or money or sold. (14)This RAF Program may be changed, altered or discontinued by us without prior notice at any time at our own discretion with or without any substitute or replacement. §8.Order Acceptance, Payments (1) If you purchase a VIP Rewards membership an agreement occurs only through your offer and an order acceptance by Ominto. You submit your offer online and Ominto declares its acceptance in an order acceptance via email to you or by delivering the service or product. An order confirmation is not an order acceptance declaration; it solely confirms that your order has been received. (2) Depending on your location, Ominto may offer various payment methods. You do not have the right to use a particular payment method and available methods may change without notice. Depending on several business factors, we may decide to process your transactions/payments with one of our banking partners located outside of your country which may result in international transaction fees or other fees which the user shall be subject to and responsible to pay. (3) We reserve the right not to provide VIP Rewards access until we have received the purchase price (including associated costs, i.e. taxes). Furthermore, your account shall be in good standing, meaning you have no outstanding balance with us. All incoming funds will first be credited towards the outstanding balance from prior purchases and, only thereafter, towards the purchase of new products/ services. §9.Cancellation, Termination, Inactive Accounts (1) If you are a consumer, you may cancel your paid membership, without reasons, within seven (7) days ("Cooling-off Period") after purchase in writing. The time limit commences when receiving the product or with purchase of the license or service, respectively. Cancellation requests must be sent to: Attention: Customer Service Team 11555 Heron Bay Blvd, Suite 275 Coral Springs, FL, 33076, USA or may be submitted online by using our contact form at https://support.dubli.com (2) In the case of an effective cancellation under clause 9(1), we will reimburse payments for products, services and licenses, provided that they have not yet been used. Your right of withdrawal against the purchase of services or licenses is voided once they have been used proportionately or completely. (3) You may terminate your free membership at any time. If you have not completed a Qualified Purchase for more than twelve (12) consecutive months, your account becomes inactive ("Inactive Account"). Ominto reserves the right to debit your Cash Back balance of your Inactive Account two dollars ($2) per month to recover the cost of account maintenance until (i) you reactivate your account by completing a Qualified Purchase, or (ii) your account balance is zero. If the balance in your Inactive Account is or becomes zero, Ominto may close the account permanently and cease to maintain your account records and Site access. The inactive account maintenance charge will not cause your account balance to become negative and will not cause you to owe money to Ominto. (4) In addition to taking the actions in clause 9(2), in the event of account inactivity (ie no Qualified Purchases occurred) for a period of 2 years (24 months) or more, Ominto may terminate the account and void all previous Cash Back earnings. Accounts here-in terminated will not be reinstated and the voided transactions are permanently forfeited. §10.User Generated Content (1) We allow Site users to post comments, reviews or other content in certain areas of the Site as well as on our social media sites. Any content posted on our Site or on our social media sites (i.e. Facebook), including any files attached to posts, expresses only the views of the author of the message and does not necessarily reflect the views of Ominto or any person or entity associated with it. You agree that you will not use our Site to post any material, links to any material or files that are or contain material that is knowingly false and/or defamatory, inaccurate, abusive, vulgar, hateful, harassing, obscene, profane, sexually oriented, threatening, invasive of a person's privacy or otherwise violate any applicable law, rules, regulations or Ominto policies. Ominto, nor any person or entity associated with it, will assume any responsibility for the contents, accuracy, completeness or validity of any information posted on or about our Site (2) You further agree that: (a) you will not post or otherwise transmit any material that is copyrighted or subject to a third party's intellectual property rights without the express permission of the holder of such rights, unless such rights are owned by you; (b) you will not collect or store personal data about other users; (c) you will not use the Site for any commercial purpose not expressly approved by the Ominto in writing; and (d) you will not upload, post, email, or otherwise transmit any advertising or promotional materials or any other form of solicitation or unauthorized communication. (3) You agree to indemnify and hold Ominto, its parents, subsidiaries, officers, employees, and website contractors and each of their officers, employees and agents harmless from any claims, damages and expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees and costs, related to your violation of this section 10, or any violations thereof by your dependents or which arises from the use of content you submitted, posted, or otherwise provided to Ominto or this Site. Ominto reserves the right in its absolute discretion to terminate or suspend the accounts of users who infringe this section 10. (4) You hereby grant Ominto a perpetual, world-wide, royalty-free license to distribute, copy, adapt, reproduce, transmit, create derivate works and otherwise use content and information you post on the Site for any purpose and in any media now known or hereinafter developed. You expressly agree that the Ominto is free to use any ideas, concepts, know-how, or techniques contained in any posting or communication you send to us without compensation and for any purpose whatsoever, including but not limited to developing, manufacturing and marketing products and services using such information. You represent and warrant that you own the content submitted, displayed, published or posted by you on the Site and otherwise have the right to grant the license set forth herein, and the displaying, publishing or posting of any content you submit, and our use thereof does not and will not violate the privacy rights, publicity rights, copyrights, trademark rights, patents, contract rights or any other intellectual property rights or other rights of any person or entity. You further agree that we may, but are not required to, moderate or review any content posted by you to the Site, and may edit or remove such content if we believe it violates these terms and conditions, or is otherwise inappropriate or objectionable. You also acknowledge that any information that you post to our Site may be viewable by other users, as well as visitors to our Site. Ominto is not responsible for the privacy of any information that you choose to post to our Site, any information that you disclose becomes public information. (1) The Site may contain links to or from third-party websites ("Linked Websites"), including websites operated by third parties who may have business relationships with us. We may have no control over the content, operations, policies, terms, or other elements of Linked Websites, and we do not assume any obligation to review any Linked Websites. We do not endorse, approve, or sponsor any Linked Websites, or any third-party content, advertising, information, materials, products, services, or other items. Furthermore, we are not responsible for the quality or delivery of the products or services offered, accessed, obtained by or advertised at such Linked Websites. Finally, we will under no circumstances be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental or special loss or other damage, whether arising from negligence, breach of contract, defamation, infringement of copyright or other intellectual property rights, caused by the exhibition, distribution or exploitation of any information or content contained within these Linked Websites. Any activities you engage in connection with any of the same are subject to the privacy and other policies, terms and conditions of use, and rules issued by the operator of the Linked Websites. Any interactions, correspondence, transactions, and other dealings that you have with any third parties found on or through the Site (including on or via Linked Websites) are solely between you and the third party and we disclaim all liability in connection therewith. (2) We grant you the revocable permission to link to the Site; provided, however, that your web site, or any third-party websites that link to the Site: (a) must not imply that we or the Site are endorsing or sponsoring it or its products or services, unless an officer of Ominto has given prior written consent; (b) must not present false information about, or disparage, tarnish, or otherwise, in our sole opinion, harm Ominto or its products or services; (c) must not contain content that could be construed as distasteful, offensive or controversial or otherwise objectionable (in our sole opinion); and (d) must be owned and controlled by you or the person or entity placing the link, or otherwise permit you to enable such link subject to these Terms. By linking to the Site, you agree that you do and will continue to comply with the above linking requirements and all applicable laws. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Terms, we reserve the right to prohibit linking to the Site for any reason, in our sole and absolute discretion, even if the linking complies with the requirements described above. (1) In case of a system failure or interference, or if we suspect any manipulation of our systems, our services may be (temporarily) interrupted and may continue after the removal of the error. We will exercise our discretion with respect to these matters. (2) In all cases of system failure or interference, a claim to reimbursement does not apply. Ominto does not guarantee the continuous operation of the Site nor is Ominto responsible for damage resulting from the use (or lack thereof) of Ominto services by a user or third party. Likewise, Ominto is not responsible for damage resulting from technical defects or other issues. (3) Ominto may, at its own discretion, cancel a transaction that has been affected by a system failure, or is otherwise, in its sole judgment, suspicious or compromised, and may finally reject such a transaction. Our determinations and judgments in connection with the operation of Site activities will be final and binding. (4) You are solely responsible for your device and the services t
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Symptoms Of A Stimulant Use Disorder The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition classifies an Adderall addiction as a stimulant use disorder and outlines 11 symptoms, including:5 - Taking larger amount of Adderall than planned - Experiencing unsuccessful attempts to control or quit use - Spending a significant amount of time obtaining and using Adderall, as well as recovering from its effects - Experiencing strong cravings for Adderall - Continuing to use Adderall despite the interpersonal or social issues it is causing or exacerbating - Giving up hobbies or recreational activities to use Adderall - Using Adderall in physically hazardous situations - Continuing to use Adderall despite knowing that it is causing or worsening physical or psychological issues - Needing higher doses to experience the desired effects - Experiencing Adderall withdrawal symptoms when you quit If you suddenly discontinue Adderall use, you may experience unpleasant withdrawal symptoms that can be difficult to tolerate. As such, many people may take Adderall or another stimulant to relieve these withdrawal symptoms, making it difficult for them to quit on their own. - Anxiety and irritability The Need For An Adderall Addiction Treatment Program How do you know if a loved one is abusing Adderall? You may notice secretive behavior they may slowly withdraw from friends and family. These are common signs of drug abuse in general. Specific signs that someone is abusing Adderall and needs an Adderall addiction treatment program include: - Excessive talkativeness - Anxiety and paranoia - Long periods of sleep The problem gets even more complicated when a person mixes other substances with their Adderall use. Users may drink alcohol or abuse marijuana. This can create unpredictable side effects and increase the risks of using. Some users take Adderall in ways its not intended to be used. They may chew the tablets or crush and snort them to experience a more intense high. This increases the chance of overdose, which is especially dangerous. When someone is physically and psychologically dependent on Adderall, getting them into an Adderall addiction treatment program gives them a chance at recovery. Otherwise, they may suffer financial, legal, and health problems that could affect them for life. Finding The Best Possible Adderall Addiction Treatment Adderall is a stimulant drug that doctors will prescribe to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. Yet there are also instances where it has been prescribed as an antidepressant augmentation strategy and to treat chronic fatigue. In addition to the drug being used as intended, it is often used for off-label purposes. The reason for this is the medications high potential for dependency and how quickly an Adderall addiction can develop. Recommended Reading: What To Say To Someone Struggling With Addiction What Influences The Withdrawal Symptoms When it comes to the withdrawal from Adderall, there are a number of different factors that determine how serious these symptoms are going to be. While Adderall addiction treatment can help ease someone through the recovery process and provide assistance when necessary, there are still some major factors that have to be accounted for. Ways To Cope With Adderall Comedown Here are 10 ways to minimize the effects of an Adderall crash without over-the-counter medicines or outside treatment. Be mindful, however, that a supervised detox is the safest way to come down from any drug. 1. Follow Your Doctors Instructions When your doctor ends your prescription, follow his or her instructions to the letter. Often, a doctors goal is to make the process as tolerable as possible, so it benefits you to listen. If you start having trouble, reach out before making any changes to the plan. Never take the drug without a prescription. 2. Remember, Adderall Comedown Is Temporary Remind yourself that any Adderall comedown symptoms you experience wont last forever. Moreover, the longer you stay away from the drug, the less intense your symptoms become. By sticking it out, you arent just heading toward recovery, but with each day, youll feel a little bit better, too. 3. Focus on Hydration and Nutrition Coming down off of Adderall can have a dramatic impact on your appetite and hydration levels. Make sure to drink plenty of water and eat nutritious foods. If you are experiencing any digestive distress, try to eat more small meals during the day instead of three large ones. 4. Practice Self-Care Indulge in soothing activities and self-care to help you manage any bad sensations you might experience. Drink herbal teas, relax in warm baths, meditate, do yoga, or take part in other activities you find rejuvenating. 5. Prioritize Sleep 6. Limit Other Stimulants Read Also: Why Am I So Addicted To My Phone Can You Recover From Adderall Addiction At Home Unlike dangerous substances such as alcohol , Adderall addiction treatment is not focused on the physical aspect of detoxification. Withdrawal from stimulants is extremely uncomfortable, but not necessarily physically dangerous. However, for your own safety, inpatient treatment for Adderall addiction has a number of benefits in relation to going through withdrawal. - If you have pre-existing health conditions, chances are that the stress that withdrawal places on your body can make certain problems worse. This means that while a normally healthy adult would not be in danger, someone who has long abused the medication might be. - One of the reasons that Adderall addiction help can be so valuable to the patient is because it gives them a chance to get away from their current situation. By eliminating the possibility of using at the drop of a hat, it makes it easier for the patient to remain steadfast. - When having others around you, some who are also undergoing rehab for Adderall, you have the feeling that you are not alone in having to deal with this situation. This makes it easier for many users to deal with the temporary discomfort that they are going through. How Is An Adderall Addiction Diagnosed If youve noticed that your use of Adderall makes you need higher doses or makes you feel very bad when you stop taking it , make an appointment with your doctor. During your appointment, your doctor will first take your medical history. Theyll ask you questions about your Adderall usage, including what dose you take and how often you take it. Your doctor will also want to know what other medications youre taking. This includes over-the-counter ones, vitamins, and supplements. Your doctor will also ask you questions about the symptoms you experience when the Adderall effects wear off. They may also perform a physical exam and measure your heart rate and blood pressure. To make an official diagnosis, your doctor will likely refer to the latest diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. If your doctor determines that you have an addiction to Adderall, they may refer you to a rehabilitation center or detox facility to help you recover. Recommended Reading: How To Stop Being Addicted To Technology Signs And Symptoms Of Adderall Addiction There are several physical and behavioral symptoms that a person who is addicted to Adderall might display. These symptoms are similar to those of methamphetamine addiction. By recognizing them, you can understand when to seek help. Some signs of Adderall addiction and abuse may include:2 - Rash or hives If you notice any of the above changes in someone you care about, its possible theyre struggling with an Adderall addiction. They dont have to struggle alone, thoughprofessional help is available. Call us at 1-800-429-7690 to find a rehab program thats right for them. Besides the physiological and mood-related signs of Adderall addiction, there are also several behavioral symptoms to be aware ofwhether in yourself or someone you know. Some behavioral signs of Adderall addiction include:3 Common Symptoms Of Adderall Addiction Adderall addiction is challenging to spot in a person. There are fewer physical symptoms than with, say, meth or heroin addiction. However, there are similar symptoms that get experienced by the user. Some of the more common symptoms associated with Adderall abuse may include: - Needing larger doses to feel the drugs effects - Not being able to finish work without the help of Adderall - Spending a lot of time getting the money to buy a prescription drug like Adderall and a lot of time recovering from what is known as an Adderall high. - Feeling unusually sleepy, tired and sluggish when not using the drug - Neglecting other normal activities in favor of using Adderall - Nausea, vomiting and chest pain - A lack of sexual appetite - A change in blood pressure Also Check: How To Leave An Addict Types Of Adderall Addiction Treatment Offered At Sierra Tucson As an internationally known and respected treatment provider of medical, therapeutic, and experiential services, our rehab is pleased to offer the best care for a wide range of concerns that are known to plague adults of all genders. With evidence-based practices that are rooted within the integrative therapies that we offer, our treatment center prides itself on being a leading provider of services that are effective in treating chemical dependency concerns, such as an addiction to Adderall, as well as co-occurring disorders. Holistic and individualized treatment is cornerstone to the premier care offered at our rehab, and the staff of qualified and experienced professionals administers care by utilizing a dynamic approach to treating patients. It is the ambition of Sierra Tucson, a premier Adderall addiction treatment center, to deliver services in such a manner that all who come to us for treatment will be able to transcend the challenges of the past and resume the pursuit of a healthy and productive future. The types of services you receive will be determined by your treatment team. Using a biopsychosocial and spiritual approach to care, patients engaged in the Addiction Recovery treatment plan can partake in the following treatment methods, which are outlined in each patients individualized treatment plan, as well as in our treatment centers daily treatment schedules: - Equine therapy - Adventure therapy In What Ways Does Adderall Affect The Brain And Body Adderall contains two central nervous system stimulants: amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. These compounds act like the brain chemicals dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. Since Adderall contains dopamine, it triggers feelings related to reward that can urge someone to keep taking it. Doctors prescribe Adderall in a way that minimizes addiction, but misusing it increases the risk. Adderall can also cause side effects such as: - Increased blood pressure - Heart palpitations With a doctors supervision, Adderall can help relieve the symptoms of ADHD. However, it also has many risks for anyone who misuses it. Don’t Miss: What Is The Recovery Rate For Heroin Addicts Increased Adhd Diagnoses And Careless Prescribing During the 1990s and early 2000s, ADHD diagnoses and prescriptions for ADHD medications gradually and consistently increased, per multiple reports. Adderall prescriptions decreased slightly between 2006 and 2011, but rates of misuse among young adults increased, according to a 2016 study. Many people rely on Adderall to ease symptoms of ADHD, but careless prescribing exposed thousands of people who dont have ADHD to the addictive drug. Loose prescribing guidelines also gave drug users easy access to powerful stimulants. In a 2010 study designed to test the validity of an ADHD assessment, 22 percent of adults being assessed for ADHD either faked or exaggerated symptoms. - Anxiety and irritability - Suicidal thoughts Tolerance and dependency are warning signs of addiction. Taking a drug for the sole purpose of preventing withdrawal is a classic symptom of addiction. Long-term abuse of Adderall can also cause psychological problems, such as hallucinations, paranoia and suicidal thoughts. Side Effects Of Taking Adderall Without Prescription Most of the time, an individual will develop a physical dependence on Adderall after taking amphetamine and dextroamphetamine for about 2-3 weeks on a daily basis. Putting a sudden end to Adderall can result in a number of critical withdrawal effects, as your brain responds to the lack of stimulation which can include the following: - atypical lack energy - waves of intense craving Withdrawal effects may be worsened if you have been using Adderall for a long period of time. Don’t Miss: What Degree Do You Need For Addiction Counseling Effects When Stopping Adderall When you have been using Adderall in high doses or for a long duration, the body becomes handed-down to operate with it in your system. In order to recompense for the stimulant properties of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, your brain is slowing down some of your bodys processes in order to support homeostasis. As result, when you stop taking in the drug, your brain will still be operating in its regulated form and you will be experiencing a variety of withdrawal symptoms as your brain restores to its usual operation. Who Is At Risk For An Adderall Addiction There is a higher risk for Adderall misuse and addiction among certain populations. Students, especially those in college, and working professionals who must function in situations requiring a high level of focus and concentration, are among those with an increased risk of developing an Adderall addiction.6 Other people who may be at risk for Adderall misuse or addiction include:6 - Someone with an eating disorder - Someone who is trying to lose weight - Those with stressful jobs - Those with a history of drug misuse Adderall can interact with several medications. Those taking the following medications may also be at higher risk for developing an addiction to Adderall:6 - Blood pressure medication Reasons for taking other drugs and Adderall include enhancing the effects of the medication or combining another drug to relax in an attempt to sleep. This can result in increased physical complications such as a heart attack.6 Recommended Reading: What Is The Best Treatment For Opiate Addiction Fighting Through The Withdrawal Process Quitting can be extremely difficult if you are addicted to Adderall. Withdrawal side effects are so significant that even individuals who actively want to stop taking the drug have a hard time. Like other drugs, the duration and dosage of Adderall will determine how long the process is. You may stop experiencing symptoms in just a few days. But for more serious instances, you may experience the withdrawal process for several weeks. During this time, there is a high probability of relapse. Even drugs designed for lower rates of abuse like Adderall XR still have a lengthy and difficult withdrawal phase. Hear more about the fight against Adderall addiction by clicking here: How To Treat Adderall Addiction Don’t Miss: Can You Get Addicted To Nicotine Gum Aftercare And Ongoing Support Once youve successfully completed your Adderall addiction treatment program, youll want to consider your options for aftercare and ongoing support. While some may choose to attend Narcotics Anonymous meetings, others may opt to enter a sober living home. Sober living programs provide a safe and structured environment, which may be the most beneficial option for those who arent ready to fully transition back into their old environment. Every sober living home has different rules, but one rule they all have in common is that you cannot use Adderall or any other substances. These programs may also help you obtain a job. Other options for aftercare and relapse prevention include: - SMART Recovery meetings - Step-down care at an outpatient facility Why The Adderall Crash Happens And What Its Like As a stimulant, Adderall increases energy and heightens concentration for those who need it. Unfortunately, many people also take the drug without a prescription, believing it will aid in work or school. When you stop taking Adderall, whether or not you have a prescription, this energy rush subsides. In its place, you may feel exhausted, fatigued and depressed. After a few days, your symptoms may also include body aches, increased appetite, mood swings and cravings. These symptoms can persist for up to three months, although most people start to feel better within a few weeks. Here are more common symptoms of Adderall comedown: - Intense frustration or irritability You May Like: How To Beat Food Addiction Adderall Dependence Vs Adderall Addiction Adderall dependence is a naturally occurring physiological response to the drug. Like all drugs, the more frequently you take them, the less effect they have since the body builds a tolerance to the chemicals ingested. Consequently, a users tolerance level will likely increase over time, requiring them to increase the use of Adderall to achieve a similar high. All this is how the potential for abuse and dependency occurs. Due to the nature of addiction that often occurs with excessive use of Adderall, people usually experience severe withdrawal and cravings, all of which may result in erratic behavior to acquire the drug . Adderall Vs Other Adhd Drugs Richwood Pharmaceuticals began marketing immediate-release Adderall in 1996, nearly a decade after the American Psychological Association concluded that ADHD was a mental health disorder. The drug was marketed as an improvement over Ritalin , which was the most popular ADHD medication during most of the 20th Century. Immediate-release Adderall lasts for four to six hours, and Ritalin lasts two to three hours. However, Ritalin takes less time to work. Both drugs affect the brain in similar ways. Vyvanse is an amphetamine thats similar to Adderall, but Vyvanse takes up to two hours to work. Its effects can be felt for up to 14 hours. Shire Pharmaceuticals bought Richwood Pharmaceuticals in 2006, and the company introduced Vyvanse in 2007. Most people who abuse ADHD medications prefer Adderall because it takes less time to work compared to Vyvanse. You May Like: What Properties In Drugs Make Them Addicting
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Final Thoughts About Sobriety Crystals These crystals for drug or alcohol addiction can help soothe immense mental and physical pain that an individual has to face during recovery. This is why it is one of the best stones for alcohol or drug addiction. * Crystals and stones should not be used as a substitute for medical advice or treatment. Please read our full disclosure notice here. Healing Crystals For Addiction Healing Crystals for Smoking Addiction People who become addicted to smoking do not see their addiction as a big deal, but smoking is extremely toxic for the body and can lead to fatal results such as lung cancer or even death. The following crystals can replace the use of tobacco and smoking as a means to alleviate stress. Black onyx is a good stone as it provides supportive energy that helps deal with withdrawal symptoms and thereby facilitates the process of recovery. The user of this crystal will also experience calming effects as this stone will centre and ground them, which will in turn have a balancing effect on the body. Another good stone is the aquatic agate. This stone puts a stop to self-harming behaviours such as smoking and other addictions. It is able to go to the root of the underlying causes of a smoking addiction and resolve repressed traumas which may have led to this habit. Lastly, there is snowflake obsidian which calms the user from the inside and can thereby help stop tobacco cravings as well. It instils powerful rejuvenation in the cells of the user and can therefore relieve the users stress, dampen the urge for nicotine and reveal the truth behind smoking. Healing Crystals for Drug Addiction People who indulge in drugs are those who become obsessed with the feelings of euphoria and energy that the drug produces in the body. Good gemstones for drug addiction include the following. Healing Crystals for Food Addiction Healing Crystals For Smoking Addiction Smoking addiction is extremely hard to kick, which is why smokers can benefit from using healing crystals. Smokers who are trying to quit will find benefits in using healing crystals. Some of these stones help with calming nicotine cravings, some encourage a sense of calm, and others are good for dealing with underlying emotions that lead to addiction. Use crystals to get help when getting rid of an addiction: Also Check: How To Cope With Food Addiction Crystal Healing For Marijuana Addiction Marijuana addiction can be complex to treat because many people dont believe its a real addiction. However, now that its becoming legal in so many states, more and more people are finding that its very possible to develop a dependence on cannabis. Around one in 10 people who use marijuana will go on to become addicted, and that number rises to one in six among people who begin using it before age 18. Quitting marijuana can lead to withdrawal symptoms that last for the first several weeks of recovery, including: - Lack of appetite - Loss of focus - Feelings of depression Carnelian is one of the best crystals for marijuana addiction. It is a vibrant orange form of quartz that is said to confer energy on its users. Anyone recovering from this addiction knows that low mood and lack of energy are serious problems that can get in the way of participating in treatment or reclaiming your life. Carnelian is a protective crystal that can inspire users to live life to the fullest. It can also help bring positivity after a swing into depressive feelings. Carnelian is often used in conjunction with azurite. The bluestone is believed to help stimulate the mind and open pathways to new forms of perception and perspectives. It may also help attempts to let go of negative emotions such as stress, anxiety and sadness, making it a good crystal to soothe the mind before bed. These qualities together can help people in recovery clear their minds and focus on learning or applying recovery tools. Is Amethyst A Sobriety Stone Amethyst was considered to be a strong antidote against drunkenness, which is why wine goblets were often carved from it! The gemstone still symbolizes sobriety. The ability to heal the sick and cure the wounded were some of the extraordinary qualities that the Amethyst was credited with. Amethysts are also known for their healing properties. They can be used to treat a wide variety of ailments, including cancer, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, rheumatism, and many others. In fact, they have been used for thousands of years as a natural remedy for many ailments and diseases. Don’t Miss: What To Do About Food Addiction Crystals For Helping With Alcohol Abuse: Alcohol addiction is a serious problem that can lead to damage to the liver, brain, and other organs. If you or someone you know is struggling with alcoholism, there are a variety of options available for treatment. Several different crystals have been said to have a positive effect in treating alcohol addiction, including amethyst, fluorite, and obsidian. When used in conjunction with traditional therapies, crystals can help to reduce cravings and promote sobriety. If you or someone you love is struggling with alcoholism, consider seeking treatment with the additional help of crystals. Howlite Stones For Adrenaline Addiction When you use higher chakra crystals, it tends to empower your chakras of the crown or third eye in addition to aligning the other chakras. The same can help you clear your mind and get rid of the excess energy piking inside you. Howlite is a calming stone that is as pure as it looks. That being said, it is so powerful that you may see visions or feel dizzy too. The crystal howlite is considered ideal for hyperactive people. If you cant commit to serious relationships or growing up, howlite can teach you valuable lessons for adrenaline junkies. Read more about Gemstone Howlite in detail! Recommended Reading: What Are The Steps To Drug Addiction Centuries Of Crystal Healing Crystals have been used for centuries by different cultures across the globe. From the ancient Romans and Greeks, to the Egyptians, to the Eastern cultures within China and India. Crystals have been used worldwide for their restorative and healing properties. Doctors in ancient Roman times believed that quartz crystal contained powerful healing abilities. The Egyptians used crystals for protection, to promote good health, and to channel power. They even buried their dead with crystals. In Chinese medicine, practitioners use the quartz stone toconduct energy and provide healing for imbalances in the body. Crystals even adorned the tips of certain acupuncture needles. Crystals are also used in the Hindu practice of ayurvedic healing whether by being worn on the body or being used to balance and clear the chakras. National Harm Reduction Technical Assistance Center SAMHSA is also collaborating with CDC on their National Harm Reduction Technical Assistance Center to provide a comprehensive approach to harm reduction through syringe services programs and to improve access to prevention and intervention services to prevent infectious disease consequences of drug use. Going beyond education and technical assistance efforts related to needle exchange, SAMHSAs support of CDCs existing National Harm Reduction Technical Assistance Center will enable the Center to also address also a variety of other individual and community factors related to harm reduction, such as, for example, naloxone distribution and administration, safer sex kits, HIV and viral hepatitis testing, COVID-19 response, community stigma, and opportunities for collaboration between harm reduction and other community efforts . Through the collaboration with SAMHSA, the TA Center will support efforts to expand capacity, increase effectiveness, and strengthen the performance and accountability of harm reduction services. This will be done within a comprehensive prevention strategy at the state and community levels and will provide technical assistance and consultation services to support implementation of effective, evidence-based harm reduction programs, practices, and policies in diverse settings. Don’t Miss: Can You Get Addicted To Smoking Paper What Are Healing Crystals For Addiction Crystals are natural objects comprised of many different minerals. Some crystals are made of one mineral, while others are made of many minerals. The atoms that make up crystals are repeated and perfectly laid out through the crystal in a lattice structure. As an alternative form of healing, crystals for addiction and other ailments can be used because of the energy they are believed to emit. The healing power that comes from crystals is said to be due to the crystal’s unique vibrational frequency. For example, the quartz stone, which is also in many other stones, is widely used for healing. If you were to take two quartz stones and rub them together, youd see glimmers of light appear. This occurs as a result of the energy the two crystals create All crystals are said to have different vibrational frequencies and different properties, with unique energies. Many people use crystals as a tool to gain energetic and spiritual support in areas that they struggle with. Healing crystals can also prompt feelings of strength, positive energy, grounding, focus, clarity, and love in those that use them. Crystals For All Addictions Most crystals can provide energies that result in benefits for people recovering from addictions of all types. While every individual experiences addiction and recovery differently, there are some benefits to crystals that anyone can use to their advantage. Ruby, the sparkling red gem, is thought to be even more energizing than carnelian. The use of ruby can stimulate self-awareness and clarify how our decisions make impacts and ripple effects on others in our world. Ruby is also thought to facilitate detoxification on physical and emotional levels, making it a good crystal to start with at the outset of recovery. Amber, the warm and mysterious stone, is not a true crystal. Instead, its fossilized tree resin. However, many people see positive effects when incorporating it into their healing practices in the same ways as a crystal. Amber helps draw in feelings of fulfillment, accomplishment, and satisfaction with oneself. All people in recovery struggle with feelings of low self-esteem and amber can help restore it. Addiction Recovery Tumbled Crystal Healing Set This product is currently sold out. Amethyst, Hematite, Onyx, & Tiger’s Eye are a special combination of stones known to provide aid and support in addiction recovery. Additionally, Hematite strengthens will-power & curbs overindulgence, while Onyx aids detachment and encourages self-control. Tiger’s Eye increases personal power and overcomes an addictive personality. Amethyst is especially helpful if overcoming addiction to alcohol and/or other mind/mood altering drugs.Every Tumbled Crystal Set is individually packaged with 4 Genuine Crystal Gemstones , Black Velour Pouch , and Description Card. Also included with every crystal order are detailed crystal Programming Instructions & Cleansing Instructions. Please Note: Due to crystal availability, substitutions may occasionally occur. How Does Addiction Take Birth In Us Gemstones, when used for sobering or grounding works, can help in changing perspectives as well as healing the inner addictions of the wearer. By influencing the root or sacral chakra, you can balance the instability within you. To turn your life around, higher chakra crystals including heart, throat, crown and third-eye will be beneficial. According to Crystal Physics, addictions are born from our own inner imbalance, which can range from mental to spiritual aspects. Don’t Miss: Can Hypnotherapy Help With Alcohol Addiction What Are Crystals & How Do They Aid In Recovery Crystals are objects that are formed from natural minerals. They have a lattice structure with repeated atoms that are perfectly laid out throughout the entire structure. The healing powers of crystals are explained through their âvibrations.âFor example, quartz is one of the most important and popularly used crystals for healing, because it can produce electricity. By rubbing two pieces of quartz together in a dark space, sparks of light become visible from the produced electricity. Manipulating these vibrationsâor electrical capabilitiesâis possible by using piezoelectric, a mechanical energy discharge method. This technology is used in various cigarette lighters and buttons on gas grills.The theory of crystals helping in addiction recovery comes from the belief that addiction is a spiritual affliction. It throws off the balance of your mind, body, and spirit, which crystals can help restore. Supportive Crystals For Addiction Crystals are natural stones that contain minerals and trace elements. They come in various colors, shapes, and sizes. Photo Disclaimer Images used in this article are owned by the respective individuals, artists, or other parties who post on their private social media accounts. These images only serve for inspiration and cannot be copied for personal use. See Footer for more details. See here for more details. Some crystals are believed to have healing properties, such as helping to relieve stress or anxiety. A lot of people are known to suffer from addiction. The most common form of addiction is drug abuse. Drugs can be anything from alcohol to prescription medications. So when you think of helping someone who has an addiction, crystals might not be the first thing that comes to mind. However, crystals are very powerful when it comes to healing. There are many different types of crystals. Each type of crystal has its own purpose. Crystals have been used to help with healing in many different cultures. So crystals are great for helping people overcome their addictions and stick to their sobriety. If you are interested in which crystals you can use to help you overcome your addiction then youve come to the right place. We have created a list of the best crystals for addictions. Also Check: How To Beat Any Addiction Where To Get Your Crystals For Addiction Healing You can get crystals from a wide variety of places, including at gem shows or even your local science center. However, choosing a reputable source of crystals is important since youll likely be handling them frequently. Your best option is to look up your local new age or metaphysical store. These establishments are well-versed in the use of crystals for healing purposes as opposed to just decorations and can advise you on the particulars of the pieces youre interested in. Walking into a new age shop can be overwhelming as there are likely to be hundreds of different crystals you can choose from. The best course of action is to quiet your mind as much as possible and see if you can identify which crystals seem to be calling to you the most. Feel free to pass your hand over bins or boxes, and hold the crystals in your hand as you make your selections. Most people are surprised by how affordable crystals actually are, so you should be able to get a handful of different types for a reasonable price. Examples Of Healing Crystals The benefits of using crystals for improving your physical and mental health are becoming increasingly popular. Walking into a crystal shop can be overwhelming because there is a wide variety of crystals, and each has its own healing powers. Some common crystals include: Since there are so many crystals with different benefits, it is good to know what you need help working on and which crystals can help. Although there are crystals for addiction and crystals for sobriety, there are specific crystals for alcohol addiction and drug addiction. Recommended Reading: How To Help An Addict Stay Clean Crystal Healing For Heroin Addiction Heroin is one of the strongest and most addictive drugs, and breaking free from the clutches of heroin addiction is extremely challenging. People initially become dependent on heroin because they seek euphoria that the drug provides in spades. Learning to live without heroin involves learning to accept yourself and your current emotional state, which is always easier said than done. Lepidolite is one of the better crystals for helping with recovery from heroin addiction. The opaque purple stone promotes hope when lifes circumstances feel hopeless, imparting tranquility and enhanced ability to accept self and circumstances. Lepidolite is said to help stabilize emotions, which can be especially invaluable during the volatile early days of recovery. It can also be beneficial for those working with a dual diagnosis of addiction and a condition like post-traumatic stress disorder . The other crystal especially well-suited to heroin addiction recovery is rose quartz. It is an appropriate choice for any addiction, but its ability to promote emotional healing and reduce the symptoms of a troubled or overactive mind is particularly helpful in managing the unique mental and emotional turmoil associated with recovery from heroin addiction. Crystals To Help With Addiction Q. Are there crystals to help with addiction, or that can help me with, or better still, recover from addiction? A.Amethyst is said to be a stone of spirituality and transformation. Also, I believe that most twelve-step programs recognize it is as the sobriety stone. Amethyst derives its name from the Greek word, amethusos, meaning not drunk. According to an ancient myth, Bacchus turned a young maiden into a stone statue, and then in remorse, he poured wine onto the statue, staining it purple and creating Amethyst. Thereafter: allegedly drinking from an Amethyst Goblet would prevent the drinker from being fraught by the drinks spirit. Today all those trying to overcome any addictions, especially alcohol addiction, may use the healing powers of Amethyst as an aid for dealing with addictions. Amethyst calms your mind and encourages connection with your spiritual or real self. It also helps to replace anxiety and confusion with calmness and clarity. It fosters your intuition, your feelings and your values. This ancient detoxifier helps to deal with compulsive and obsessive behaviour related to alcohol, drugs, tobacco, food, sex, and other addictions. Amethyst is wonderful calming crystal for those whose addictions lead to them being overworked, overstressed, or overwhelmed. Many people also sleep with an Amethyst under their pillow for this reason. You might also like to consider using our Addictions Kit which contains five crystals known to helpful for addictions. Read Also: Do Opiate Addicts Ever Recover Best Crystals For Addiction Youre Missing Out On When youre addicted to something, you can physically, emotionally or spiritually live without it. Thats why, you need to use external energies to make you realize youre bigger than the addiction. If you’re wondering how to battle addiction with crystals, we heard you. Thats why our total 9 crystals for addiction are aimed at helping you step-by-step with gemstones.
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The Moon aggravates an upcoming opposition between Mars and Jupiter, pointing to some building tension. A project/interest may be reaching a head or culmination. There is a lot of creative energy generated now, but perhaps a little too much, so that tempers can flare. - The Moon is in Taurus all day (until Thursday, January 1st, at 12:08 PM EST). - The Moon is in its First Quarter phase. - The Moon is waxing. Today, you are quite content to stay put, dear Aries, and to surround yourself with familiar people and things. Even so, there can be some impatience, or a building sense that you want to do something different, more exciting, and more fulfilling. This may very well build to a recognition that you need others, perhaps a team, in order to maximize success. You’ll end this year and begin the next in good form. You are ready to take care of business. The year ahead brings wonderful opportunities for both work and play. Romantic attention will be forthcoming in 2015, and work should pick up speed as well. Today, you end the year on an especially high note. The Moon is in your sign and you could very well be the life of the party, dear Taurus. Others are supportive and a whole lot of fun. While you should definitely watch for impatience today, this is a good time for getting noticed. You are excitable and perhaps a little easy on the trigger today, but you’re also more than willing to end this year, and start the next, feeling fresh. The year ahead continues to bring good fortune when it comes to family and your personal life, and will introduce plenty of positive energy for romance and recreation. The Moon is in your privacy sector all day, and you may prefer to keep any end of the year celebrations light, dear Gemini. You’re likely to be in a more introspective mood than usual today, as you require a little more personal space and time to relax. Even so, this puts you in a superb position for letting go of the past in order to make way for the future. Tie up loose ends, consider those things that no longer serve you well, and let go of behaviors and attitudes that are weighing you down and preventing you from starting fresh. The year ahead will continue to stimulate you when it comes to learning, education, and making contacts, and will introduce especially good energy for family and home life. The year ahead of you should bring much to celebrate, dear Cancer, particularly when it comes to finances, business, developing talents, learning, and communications. Take the time to make a note of what you’ve achieved in 2014 – you may very well discover that more has been accomplished than you were aware of. Conditions are good today for any celebrations you may have planned. You are in an especially sociable mood. You can be a social butterfly with the Moon in your social sector all day. Still, watch carefully for a tendency to want to do too much, too fast. Wherever you go today, you’re sure to get noticed. This is because the Moon is transiting the most visible and notable area of your chart, dear Leo. Your responsibilities to others are highlighted. You may be sensitive to offhand remarks today, but keep in mind that it’s all too easy to speak before thinking right now. In 2015, Jupiter will continue to transit your sign – a lucky transit indeed, if you “keep it real”. Take advantage of opportunities, when others are looking upon you favorably and showing their support. 2015 will also introduce fortunate energy for establishing yourself and getting comfortable. You end the year with much get up and go – ready for adventure, however big or small. Share your good humor, dear Virgo, and enjoy the positive feedback. Take extra care driving and communicating, as there can be a tendency to be impatient and short with others, without intending to offend. There can be quite a bit of pressure to get things done, so sitting idly may only serve to frustrate. You can feel especially passionate about your beliefs and opinions, and can be quite sensitive about them as well. Playing a supportive role to others will continue to be a theme in your life in the New Year, and 2015 will introduce strong, fortunate energy for self-expression. You end the year feeling quite strengthened by your friendships and connections, dear Libra, and this will continue for many months into 2015. Today, you’d probably prefer to observe others than to actively socialize, but you’re certainly not unfriendly. The day’s energies are upbeat, although perhaps a little too competitive or impulsive for your liking at times. Nevertheless, conversations today can stimulate some wonderful ideas, particularly business-oriented. Tension is building, especially if you’re feeling restricted or without direction. In the coming week, you’ll better understand what it is you want to do to make improvements all around. The year ahead holds much promise for you, dear Scorpio, especially when it comes to career and social affairs. Today, you’re particularly concerned with close relationships and you tend to want to take someone with you in practically everything you do. While there can be a tendency today to become easily offended or frustrated, consider that tension building within you has to do with a desire to grow and improve. In the coming days, it will be especially important that you reach out and make contact, and be as professional as you can in the process. With the Moon in your solar sixth house as you say goodbye to 2014, dear Sagittarius, you’re more inclined to observe than fully participate. You may not be feeling as spirited as many people around you, but positive in a quiet way. It’s a good day for original ideas and problem solving. You need, however, to watch for impatience and hastiness with your ruler, Jupiter, moving into hard aspect with assertive Mars. You have much to celebrate (in advance!) for the year to come. You are able to meet daily stresses and inconveniences with a positive attitude, and your career is set for a boost in the second half of 2015. You end the year in a generally positive frame of mind, dear Capricorn. Conversations are stimulating, creative, and flirtatious. Personal magnetism runs high. Share your thoughts and listen generously. The Moon is in your recreation sector all day, and this brings out a need to share your affection with others, to play and enjoy, and to celebrate. The year ahead continues to bring strong energy for your intimate relationships, and will introduce fortunate energy for travel, education, and other mind-expanding endeavors. Today, the Moon is in a rather homebody, withdrawn part of your chart, dear Aquarius, and you may want to either stick close to home, or surround yourself with familiar sights and people as you end the year. You are likely in good spirits, particularly happy with matters of the past that seem to be settling. Generally speaking, you are not quite ready to make resolutions at the beginning of January – for you, January is often a time for reviewing the past. This is true again this year, but you are also building a strong sense of self and independence as you greet the New Year. Today, there can be some tension building in a close relationship. Consider that this is really about the need to grow and improve, and think of ways you can do so while preserving your independence on some level. Today brings positive energy to your life, dear Pisces, and is strong for year end/year beginning celebrations. You are chatty, communicative, and curious. You’ll find that others are cooperative and looking forward rather than getting stuck in a groove, although a little prone to debate and sensitivity when it comes to their opinions and beliefs with Mars and Jupiter moving to an opposition. Try not to get carried away, and instead focus on what Mars-Jupiter is really about, and that is a deep need to expand, improve, and grow. The year ahead will continue to bring improvements to your work and health, and will also introduce strong energy for partnering. If Your Birthday is December 31st, If Today is Your Birthday full horoscope here. If you’re astrologically inclined and interested in the details of the Astrology of today, here are the factors considered in the forecasts: Date & Time: 31 Dec 2014 0:00 am Event: Moon in Taurus Description: The Moon in Taurus This is a time for settling in, establishing and maintaining routines, and consolidating existing projects. We are building and developing. We crave predictabiliity, stability, and security. This time favors ongoing projects and activities more than new ones. Date & Time: 31 Dec 2014 2:43 am Event: Tr-Tr Mon Sqq Cer Description: Transiting Moon SesquiSquare Transiting Ceres There may be difficulties giving or receiving affection, care, concern, and nurturing. Date & Time: 31 Dec 2014 5:28 am Event: Tr-Tr Mon Tri Plu Description: Transiting Moon Trine Transiting Pluto This can be a good time for getting loans, for taking care of business, and for dealing with money matters. It’s also good for getting in touch with feelings and managing them effectively. There can be a boost to our intimate life, creative impulses, and self-understanding. Events occurring now might involve some kind of karmic repayment or benefit. We could discover new information, hidden information, or a lost item. This is a time for recycling – seeing new uses for old items. True feelings come to the surface. Date & Time: 31 Dec 2014 6:34 am Event: Tr-Tr Mon Sxt Chi Description: Transiting Moon Sextile Transiting Chiron We are more emotionally present and involved. We more easily hone in on problem areas and want to fix them. Synchronicity is a feature of our daily life right now. Tune in and enjoy the spiritual signposts. Date & Time: 31 Dec 2014 8:47 am Event: Tr-Tr Mon Tri Ves Description: Transiting Moon Trine Transiting Vesta We can derive a nice feeling of satisfaction and fulfillment from tending to our responsibilities, work, or other commitment. We are more able to make sacrifices or put our emotions aside in order to get something important done. Alternatively, we can bring more sensitivity to our practical affairs. This can be a good time to commit fully to something – especially health and healing matters. It’s also a strong time for taking care of domestic matters. Date & Time: 31 Dec 2014 9:39 am Event: Tr-Tr Mon Qnx Nod Description: Transiting Moon Quincunx Transiting North Node There may be the need to pause to adjust things before moving plans forward. We could feel at odds with others on an emotional level. Public relations are not as favorable now. Date & Time: 31 Dec 2014 10:57 am Event: Tr-Tr Mon Sqr Jun Description: Transiting Moon Square Transiting Juno There may be clinging or controlling behavior if we are driven by our fears. Hypersensitivity and moodiness are possible. Tread lightly with tricky emotional issues. Date & Time: 31 Dec 2014 6:34 pm Event: Tr-Tr Mon Pll Jup Description: Transiting Moon Parallel Transiting Jupiter Date & Time: 31 Dec 2014 7:50 pm Event: Tr-Tr Mon Sqr Mar Description: Transiting Moon Square Transiting Mars We can overreact and exhibit impatience. However, this can also be a time of self-motivation. Our need for challenges and action is stimulated now, but we may not find the right outlets. Date & Time: 31 Dec 2014 9:03 pm Event: Tr-Tr Mon Sqr Jup Description: Transiting Moon Square Transiting Jupiter We may not be very realistic right now – there can be some exaggeration. Minor annoyances are possible now. Contrariness or disagreements. This is not an ideal time for publicity, promotion, or legal matters. We can experience injustices. We are less inclined to consider the consequences of over-eating, over-drinking, or overdoing in general. This is a time to show some restraint. Grandiosity is not appreciated right now, and excess doesn’t go over well either. With a little self-control we can learn about what truly makes us happy. Date & Time: 31 Dec 2014 10:57 pm Event: Tr-Tr Mon Cpl Mar Description: Transiting Moon ContraParallel Transiting Mars Date & Time: 31 Dec 2014 6:11 am Event: Tr-Tr Mer Pll Cer Description: Transiting Mercury Parallel Transiting Ceres BALANCE OF SIGNS Scores: Aries 1; Taurus 3; Gemini 0; Cancer 0; Leo 1; Virgo 0; Libra 0; Scorpio 0; Sagittarius 1; Capricorn 8; Aquarius 2; Pisces 1 Stable and enduring, strong values, unyielding, earthy, acquisitive, strong desires. Can be stuck, stubborn, overly possessive, self-indulgent. Disciplined, responsible, reliable, industrious, conscientious, practical, achieving. Can be pessimistic, overly conventional, rigid, materialistic, callous. BALANCE OF ELEMENTS Scores: Fire 3; Earth 11; Air 2; Water 1 You are a practical and efficient, hands-on person. You can be relied on to take a common-sense approach to most matters. Your down-to-earth manner stands you in good stead for the daily chores of life. Your weakness lies in your sometimes stubborn refusal to make changes in your life. You tend to stifle both your own and other people’s enthusiasm. You lack objectivity – the ability to stand back and view aspects of life from a detached and rational perspective. You have difficulty making decisions and in the process of weighing up the pros and cons in a logical manner. You are out of kilter with your emotions. Crying or losing your cool in front of other people would be a horrifying thought, let alone action, for you. You often lack compassion for others in your human relationships, and need to learn to honor both your own and other people’s feelings. BALANCE OF MODES Scores: Cardinal 9; Fixed 6; Mutable 2 You enjoy challenge and action, and become frustrated when you have no recourse for change. You expect others to also rise to a challenge. You find it difficult to adapt to new situations. You tend to be inflexible when faced with the demands of change and other people. LUNAR PHASE: FIRST QUARTER Moon from 90 to 135 degrees ahead of the Sun. We are action oriented with managerial capabilities and the ability to get results. We may sometimes push too hard for our ideals. The following aspects (major only) and positions are at noon (EST) on December 31st: Note that when an aspect is Applying, it has not yet happened but is within orb – it’s pending. When an aspect is Separating, it has already happened/perfected and is moving away from the aspect. Depending on the speed of the planet/body involved, the aspect will have perfected, or will perfect, in a matter of hours (often the case with the Moon), days, months, and possibly years in the case of the very slow-moving outer planets and bodies. Note that the Moon moves at a rate of approximately one degree every 2 hours, so that if an aspect involving is applying and has an orb of 5 degrees, the aspect will perfect (be exact) in about 10 hours. If the Moon is separating from an aspect with an orb of 2 degrees, it has already formed said aspect approximately 4 hours ago (since the following are positions at noon today, then it would have occurred at about 8 AM today). **I suggest paying close attention to applying aspects. The energy of the aspect builds as it gets closer to exact. Once an aspect has happened, it’s over. Separating aspects are good to know for context, but in terms of energy that is with us today, applying aspects are most important. (This is the case for daily astrology influences, which pass quickly, and not natal astrology aspects, which are with us for a life time). THE MOON IN TAURUS You have an emotional need for stability and steady routines. You fear change, and may eat when under stress. You may have seen your mother as traditional and reliable. ASPECTS OF THE MOON TRINE THE SUN Orb 6°49′ Separating Your basic nature is easy-going. You find that your emotions contribute positively to your life. You have a tendency to sit back and let things slip past rather than being assertive as you are not personally ambitious. TRINE MERCURY Orb 6°26′ Applying You are able to communicate your thoughts and feelings with ease. You may be a charming person, at times manipulative. You have a talent for making decisions based on both your heart and mind. SQUARE MARS Orb 4°03′ Applying You are quick-tempered and intolerant. Your impatience and irritability can mean periods of loneliness when others leave you alone. Once you have learnt self- control you will discover plenty of energy to be channelled into your activities. SQUARE JUPITER Orb 5°01′ Applying You have a tendency to be apathetic and self-indulgent, preferring to ride on the camel’s back as it is more fun. You need to learn self-discipline to achieve your goals. TRINE PLUTO Orb 3°36′ Separating You are a powerful person with leadership skills. You are intense, quick to get to the point, and enjoy a challenge. You understand what motivates other people. SEXTILE CHIRON Orb 2°59′ Separating You have a compassionate attitude to other people’s pain. THE SUN IN CAPRICORN You are responsible and respectful, with a strong need to be an authority figure. You command respect and may tend to superiority and bossiness. 10TH DEGREE OF CAPRICORN Part of Body: Right cruciate ligaments Sabian Symbol: An albatross feeding from the hand of a sailor. ASPECTS OF THE SUN SQUARE URANUS Orb 2°40′ Applying You are impulsive and determined to be an individual. You want to do things your own way and will dig in your heels if anyone tries to stop you. You have the ability to be a unique and original leader. CONJUNCTION PLUTO Orb 3°13′ Applying You are intense, obsessive and have great personal power. You find it easy to rid yourself of the unwanted but may be intolerant of others less powerful. Transformation is the key factor in your life. SEXTILE CHIRON Orb 3°49′ Applying You will be able to help others with your ability to understand their pain. MERCURY IN CAPRICORN You are a wise and careful thinker. You place importance on credibility and authority. Therefore you will seek knowledge which carries some authority. You may approach new ideas with caution. 24TH DEGREE OF CAPRICORN Part of Body: Muscle insertions of upper to lower legs Sabian Symbol: A woman entering a convent. ASPECTS OF MERCURY CONJUNCTION VENUS Orb 3°09′ Applying You express yourself in a loving manner. You enjoy talking with people, and they find you a warm and welcoming listener. QUINCUNX JUPITER Orb 1°24′ Separating You have difficulty achieving your own goals. You are too busy helping others with their projects. You need to take time out to study and make your own plans. VENUS IN CAPRICORN You are shy in relationships. You will form relationships slowly, but they are likely to be enduring. You may not form close relationships early in life, but later will have solid and committed relationships. You are responsible with your money and possessions. 27TH DEGREE OF CAPRICORN Part of Body: Deep nerves Sabian Symbol: A mountain pilgrimage. MARS IN AQUARIUS You will fight for just causes. You are unpredictable, but will probably be a group leader. You may become rebellious when angry. 21ST DEGREE OF AQUARIUS Part of Body: Spinal nervous system Sabian Symbol: A woman disappointed and disillusioned. ASPECTS OF MARS OPPOSITION JUPITER Orb 0°57′ Applying You feel a pull between your drive to achieve and a need to enjoy yourself. You need to develop self discipline and to curb your impatience. JUPITER IN LEO You are benevolent, generous and fun loving. You are on an enthusiastic search for creative expression. You may also have a love of children. 22ND DEGREE OF LEO Part of Body: Left auricle Sabian Symbol: A carrier pigeon. SATURN IN SAGITTARIUS You may be committed to higher education and have a strict moral code. You are also an easygoing and optimistic worker. 1ST DEGREE OF SAGITTARIUS Part of Body: Pelvic bone Sabian Symbol: A grand army of the republic campfire. ASPECTS OF SATURN SQUARE NEPTUNE Orb 4°32′ Applying You lack confidence in your artistic ability or in your relationships. Learn to believe in yourself and avoid being drawn into the psychic realms as you still have to learn how to deal with the practical side of life. URANUS IN ARIES (1928 – 1934) It is important to note that Uranus spends a long time in each sign, and therefore the interpretation applies to a generation rather than the individual. For a more individual interpretation look at the house position. This is the generation of initiative and spontaneity. It indicates the breaking down of old structures and the emerging of the new. 13TH DEGREE OF ARIES Part of Body: Ventricles of brain Sabian Symbol: A bomb which failed to explode is now safely concealed. ASPECTS OF URANUS SQUARE PLUTO Orb 0°32′ Separating Your generation works hard to use your power to right the wrongs you perceive in society. First you must learn to control that power in your own life. CONJUNCTION THE SOUTH NODE Orb 2°51′ Applying You have a tendency to seek excitement and scatter your energies. You have many unique talents, but need to develop discipline in order to make the most of them. NEPTUNE IN PISCES It is important to note that Neptune takes about 164 years to make a complete cycle, spending about thirteen years in each sign. Therefore the interpretation of Neptune in the Sign applies to a generation rather than the individual. For a more individual interpretation look at the house position. This generation may possess the ability to be at-one with God. They may be able to express their spirituality through visions and art. They may also be inspirational teachers, conscious of wholeness. 6TH DEGREE OF PISCES Part of Body: Left cuboid bone Sabian Symbol: Officers on dress parade. PLUTO IN CAPRICORN It is important to note that Pluto takes about 248 years to make a complete cycle, spending 12 to 32 years in each sign. Therefore the interpretation of Pluto in its sign applies to a generation rather than the individual. For a more individual interpretation look at the house position. This is the generation of a change in world government. This generation will posses the ability to transform old structures into new and enduring ones. 14TH DEGREE OF CAPRICORN Part of Body: Right knee cartilage Sabian Symbol: An ancient bas-relief carved in granite. ASPECTS OF PLUTO SEXTILE CHIRON Orb 0°36′ Applying You have the ability to be a catalyst in your daily life, helping others face and heal their emotional pain. CHIRON IN PISCES You will have difficulty gaining your own sense of individuality. You have an ability to feel others’ pain and may need to detach and meditate. You may also suffer from your own deep and personal grief. You may work for or serve within a healing institution. 14TH DEGREE OF PISCES Part of Body: Right cutaneous veins Sabian Symbol: A lady in fox fur. VESTA IN CAPRICORN You place importance on structure and order in the workplace. You have great discipline and personal ambition, and can succeed in administrative and management positions. Workers will turn to you for a sense of stability and authority. 16TH DEGREE OF CAPRICORN Part of Body: Condyle of right tibia Sabian Symbol: Boys and girls in gymnasium suits. PALLAS IN SAGITTARIUS You possess the ability to see the big picture. You enjoy philosophical discussions and can include all cultures. You are a defender of truth. 2ND DEGREE OF SAGITTARIUS Part of Body: Pelvic girdle Sabian Symbol: The ocean covered with whitecaps. JUNO IN LEO You want to be proud of your partner, and for them to take pride in you. You want to have fun, romance, and creativity within your relationship. 17TH DEGREE OF LEO Part of Body: Right auricle Sabian Symbol: Volunteer church choir makes social event of rehearsal. CERES IN SAGITTARIUS You prefer your loved ones to provide you with a sense of adventure and freedom. You feel cared for when you are allowed space to explore and reach for your goals. 27TH DEGREE OF SAGITTARIUS Part of Body: Gluteal muscles Sabian Symbol: The sculptor’s vision is taking form. HYGEIA IN CANCER Your health may be closely linked to your home environment. Any disruptions in the home may spark bouts of ill health. You may be concerned for your family’s health. 9TH DEGREE OF CANCER Part of Body: Pylorus Sabian Symbol: A tiny nude miss reaching in the water for a fish. ASTRAEA IN ARIES You have an inability to let go of your independence. You want to continue doing things your own way when it is time to start co-operating. 4TH DEGREE OF ARIES Part of Body: Pineal Gland Sabian Symbol: Two lovers strolling through a secluded walk. THE NORTH NODE THE NORTH NODE IN LIBRA This is a quest to learn co-operation. You have a tendency to want your own way and to force your opinions onto others. You need to develop selflessness, the ability to share and a sensitivity to the needs of other people. 16TH DEGREE OF LIBRA Part of Body: Renal arteries Sabian Symbol: A boat landing washed away. THE SOUTH NODE THE SOUTH NODE IN ARIES This is a quest to learn co-operation. You have a tendency to want your own way and to force your opinions onto others. You need to develop selflessness, the ability to share and a sensitivity to the needs of other people. 16TH DEGREE OF ARIES Part of Body: Pons Sabian Symbol: Dancing in the setting sun.
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SEATTLE--(BUSINESS WIRE)--(NASDAQ: AMZN)—Amazon celebrated its biggest holiday season with customers all around the world shopping at record levels. Prime membership continued to grow this holiday – in fact, in one week alone, more than four million people started Prime free trials or began paid memberships, to benefit from free two-day, one-day or same-day shipping, in addition to ultra-fast one and two hour delivery with Prime Now. Customers shopped from hundreds of millions of products, including a vast selection from small businesses and entrepreneurs. More than one billion items were ordered from small businesses and entrepreneurs worldwide this season – and over just five days, from Thanksgiving through Cyber Monday, nearly 140 million items were ordered from small businesses and entrepreneurs. Amazon Devices also had its best holiday yet, with tens of millions of Alexa-enabled devices sold worldwide. Echo Dot and Fire TV Stick with Alexa Voice Remote were not only the top-selling Amazon devices this holiday season, but they were also the best-selling products from any manufacturer in any category across all of Amazon. “Since Day One we have obsessed over what we believe our customers care about – incredible deals and low prices, fast and free shipping, and a wide selection of top products – and we continue to provide all three, all the time. We’re excited that people continued to join Prime this holiday, to take advantage of more fast and free shipping options plus new convenient delivery like Amazon Key, as well as early access to Lightning Deals and unlimited streaming of TV shows and movies, including Prime Originals and more,” stated Jeff Wilke, CEO Worldwide Consumer. “Thank you to the millions of customers and hundreds of thousands of Amazon employees all around the world who made this holiday better than ever before. We look forward to another great year ahead.” Amazon Devices and Alexa - It was a record holiday shopping season for Amazon Devices, with millions more devices purchased worldwide this year than last year’s holiday season. - This holiday season was better than ever for the family of Echo products. The Echo Dot was the #1 selling Amazon Device this holiday season, and the best-selling product from any manufacturer in any category across all of Amazon, with millions sold. - Customers purchased more than twice as many Amazon Fire TV Sticks compared to last year’s holiday season. Fire TV continues to be the #1 streaming media player family in the U.S., U.K., Germany, and Japan, across all retailers. - It was the best holiday season ever for Fire Kids Edition Tablets with 2.4x as many devices purchased from Amazon.com compared to the same time period last year. - Echo devices have been an extremely popular gift this year, with Echo Spot, Echo Dot and Echo Buttons selling out this holiday season; customers can still pre-order to reserve their place in line and orders will be filled on a first come, first served basis. - This year, Kindle celebrated its 10th holiday season. - This holiday, millions of Prime members voice shopped with Alexa for gifts, Amazon devices and everyday household essentials. The most popular items purchased by voice were the Echo Dot, Fire TV Stick with Alexa Voice Remote and TP-Link Smart Plug Mini. - Alexa helped mix tens of thousands of cocktails this holiday season with Martini and Manhattan being the most requested drinks. - The recipe for chocolate chip cookies was the most requested recipe this holiday season. - The most requested song from Alexa customers this holiday season was “Jingle Bells.” - The East Coast was more in the holiday spirit this season, asking Alexa to play holiday music 2.5x as many times as the West Coast. - Alexa customers turned on their holiday lights more than a million times via Alexa this holiday season. - Alexa customers asked for tens of millions of jokes this holiday season. - The most common person people called this holiday season was 'Mom' in the U.S. and Germany, and 'Dad' in the U.K. - Music listening time on Alexa was 3x as much this holiday season compared to last holiday season. - Customers wished Alexa a Merry Christmas, Happy holidays and Happy Hanukkah 3.5x more this year when compared to last year's holiday season. - People asked about Santa 4x as much this holiday season compared to last holiday season. - Customers asked Alexa for cooking related advice more than 9x as much this year compared to last holiday season. - The most requested movies this holiday season via Alexa were Trolls and Elf. - Alexa on Fire TV is more popular than ever before, with usage in the United States up 889% over the same time period last year. - Alexa customers set 3x as many timers this year compared to last holiday season. Amazon Delivered this Holiday - Across North America and the Europe, associates at 10 fulfillment centers picked, packed, and shipped more than one million customer packages in a single day. - Amazon’s peak day of customer fulfillment in 2017 was December 19, 2017. - In 2017, we increased the size of our fulfillment and shipping network by more than 30% in square footage worldwide. - In the U.S., more than 6,000 trailers and 32 Amazon Air planes helped get holiday orders to customers this season. - Between Thanksgiving and Christmas, Amazon Air carried enough packages to equal over a billion Echo Dots. - An Amazon Air cargo plane can hold more than 10,000 Instant Pots. - The last Prime Now order in time for Christmas was delivered in 58 minutes at 11:58 p.m. on Christmas Eve in Baltimore, MD. The order included the Kid Galaxy Amphibious RC Car Morphibians Shark Remote Control Toy, the Crayola Oil Pastels Art Tools, 28 ct., and the VTech Click and Count Remote. - The top five items ordered on a mobile device were the Echo Dot, Fire TV Stick with Alexa Voice Remote and the TP-Link Smart Plug. - Customers worldwide shopping on the Amazon App increased nearly 70% this holiday season. - More than 1,400 electronics products were ordered per second on a mobile device this holiday season. - AR view saw the most usage on Cyber Monday. The most popular item viewed with AR view throughout this holiday season was a black chair with ottoman. Top categories viewed with AR view are furniture, toys, Amazon devices, kitchen items and consumer electronics. - Amazon’s Treasure Truck fleet and festively wrapped Amazon semi-trucks made special deliveries as part of Amazon’s “Delivering Smiles” holiday tour. Together, the trucks stopped in over 30 communities where Amazon employees live and work, donating thousands of items including STEM toys, books, devices, and household essentials to women, children, and families in immediate need. At the end of the tour, Amazon donated $1 for every mile the trucks traveled to the National Alliance to End Homelessness. - The “Delivering Smiles” holiday tour expanded Amazon’s growing support of children and families in immediate need. To learn more about each nonprofit Amazon visited throughout their “Delivering Smiles” tour in the US and Canada, visit https://blog.aboutamazon.com/delivering-smiles. - This year, 4x more music from Amazon Music was streamed over Alexa compared to last holiday season. - Amazon Music listeners loved using the lyrics feature to ask for songs on Alexa over the holidays, requesting “Jingle Bells” more than any other festive track just by saying a few words from the song. - Listeners wanted to slow down and unwind this season, asking Alexa to play “relaxing” music more than any other mood through Amazon Music. - Listeners in New York, Seattle, Chicago, Houston and San Diego streamed more holiday songs on Amazon Music via Alexa, than any other cities in the U.S. - Christmas by Michael Bublé was once again the most played album on Amazon Music during the holiday season. - “All I want for Christmas is You” by Mariah Carey held the top spot for the most streamed holiday song on Amazon Music for the second year in a row. - The most watched season over the holidays was the Golden Globe-nominated Prime Original The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel. - The most watched series this holiday was The Grand Tour. - The most watched Amazon Original movie this holiday season was The Big Sick. - The most watched Kids Prime Original over the holidays was If You Give a Mouse a Cookie. - The most purchased movie over the holidays was Elf. - The most purchased series over the holidays was The Walking Dead. - The most watched Amazon Channel subscriptions this holiday season were HBO, Showtime and STARZ, and the current seasons of Game of Thrones, Shameless and Power were the top watched shows on each channel, respectively. - The top match-up of Prime Video’s 10-game Thursday Night Football schedule this season was on Dec. 7, when two million worldwide viewers watched the Atlanta Falcons beat the New Orleans Saints 20-17 - The most-read Kindle book in Amazon First Reads in 2017 was, Beneath A Scarlet Sky by Mark Sullivan. - The best-selling and most-listened-to audiobook of 2017 was The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life by Mark Manson, narrated by Roger Wayne. - The most-listened-to fiction audiobook of 2017 was Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone by J.K. Rowling, narrated by Jim Dale. - The most-commented-on audiobook of 2017 was Born a Crime by Trevor Noah, narrated by the author. - According to Amazon Charts, the most read and most gifted Kindle book in the U.S. this holiday season was Origin: A Novel by Dan Brown. - According to Amazon Charts, the top book Kindle readers in the U.S. found ‘Unputdownable’ this holiday season was Year One: Chronicles of the One, Book 1 by Nora Roberts, reading it cover-to-cover faster than other books. - According to Amazon Charts, the Most Wished For books of 2017 in the U.S. were: The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck by Mark Manson, Hillbilly Elegy by J.D. Vance, The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, Astrophysics for People in a Hurry by Neil Degrasse Tyson, and Sapiens by Yuval Noah Harari. - Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale was the most borrowed book from Prime Reading, worldwide, in 2017. - Instant Pot Electric Pressure Cooker Cookbook by Laurel Randolph, independently published through Kindle Direct Publishing, has been topping Amazon Charts throughout the holiday season – reaching #1 on the most sold non-fiction list the week of Cyber Monday. - Prime members shopped more than 100,000 Lightning Deals on Amazon.com with Prime Early Access. - Customers shopped hundreds of Deals of the Day on Amazon.com throughout the holiday season. - Millions of customers in the U.S. watched deals with Watch a Deal. - This holiday season, Whole Foods Market sold over 500,000 pounds of sweet treats at the cookie bars featured in stores across the U.S. – that’s enough to feed Santa more than 6 million cookies throughout his trip around the world on Christmas Eve. - Across Amazon Books’ 13 bookstores, the top selling nonfiction book was Obama: An Intimate Portrait by Pete Souza; the top selling fiction book was Origin by Dan Brown; the top selling kids book was Diary of a Wimpy Kid #12, The Getaway by Jeff Kinney; and, the top selling poetry book was the sun and her flowers by Rumi Kaur. - Across Amazon Books’ 13 bookstores, one out of seven customers who purchased a book also donated a children’s book to local charities supporting children in need. The top selling book given to local charities was the classic, Are You My Mother by P.D. Eastman; it was also the top selling book across all 13 stores. - The Echo Dot was the top-selling device across Amazon Books’ 13 stores; the Kindle Paperwhite was the best-selling Kindle; the TP-Link Smart Plug was the best-selling accessory; and WowWee Fingerlings were the top selling toy. - The best-selling kitchen item in the U.S. and worldwide was the Instant Pot DUO80. - The best-selling toy and game item in the U.S. was the Nerf N-Strike Elite Strongarm Blaster, while the best-selling toy and game item worldwide was What Do You Meme? Adult Party Game. - The best-selling smart home product in the U.S. and worldwide was the TP-Link Smart Plug. - The best-selling beauty and grooming items in the U.S. included the Finishing Touch Flawless Women's Painless Hair Remover, the Philips Norelco Multigroom All-In-One Series 3000 and the Oral-B Black Pro 1000 Power Rechargeable Electric Toothbrush, while the best-selling item worldwide was the Philips Sonicare Diamond Clean Rechargeable Toothbrush. - The best-selling home, health and personal care products in the U.S. this holiday season include Fitbit Charge 2, the 23andMe DNA Test, the AncestryDNA: Genetic Testing - DNA Ancestry Test Kit and Radha Beauty Aromatherapy Top 8 Essential Oils. - Robot vacuums were among the best-selling home items on Amazon.com over the holiday season. - The best-selling products from Amazon Launchpad businesses included WowWee Fingerlings Interactive Baby Monkey, Exploding Kittens Card Game, and Watch Ya Mouth Throwdown Edition Card Game. - The best-selling sports items in the U.S. this season included Titleist Pro V1 Golf Balls, Wilson NFL MVP Junior Football and Spalding NBA Street Basketball. - The best-selling fashion items in the U.S. this holiday season include ASICS Men's GEL Venture 5 Running Shoe, Alex and Ani Initial Expandable Wire Bangle Bracelet, 2.5", Levi's Men's 505 Regular Fit Jean, UGG Women's Classic Short II Boot. - The best-selling products from AmazonFresh in the U.S. this holiday season, were organic bananas, limes, cucumbers, navel oranges, yellow onions. - The best-selling furniture products in the U.S. included the Zinus Memory Foam 12 Inch Green Tea Mattress, the LinenSpa 8" Memory Foam and Innerspring Hybrid Mattress and the LINENSPA 6 Inch Innerspring Mattress. - The best-selling automotive products in the U.S. included the Dark Seasonal Snow & Ice Car Scraper, the NOCO Genius Boost Plus GB40 1000 Amp 12V UltraSafe Lithium Jump Starter and the STANLEY J5C09 Jump Starter. - The best-selling pet products in the U.S. included the PEDIGREE DENTASTIX Holiday Treats for Dogs, the KONG Wild Knots Bears Durable Dog Toys and the Taste of the Wild, Canine Formula. - The best-selling baby products in the U.S. include the Nuby Ice Gel Teether Keys, Baby Einstein Take Along Tunes Musical Toy and the Nuby Bundle of 3 Toys, which was also the best-selling baby product worldwide. - The best-selling luxury beauty item in the U.S. was the Mario Badescu Facial Spray with Aloe Herbs and Rosewater, stila Stay All Day Waterproof Liquid Eye Liner and Bioderma Sensibio H2O Micellar Water, Cleansing and Make-Up Removing Solution. - The best-selling grocery item in the U.S. was Green Mountain Coffee Keurig Coffee Lover's Variety Pack Single-Serve K-Cup Sampler, 40 Count, the Glaceau Smartwater Vapor Distilled Water, and Viva Naturals Organic Extra Virgin Coconut Oil. - The best-selling tools include the Black + Decker LDX 120C 20-Volt MAX Lithium-Ion Cordless Drill/Driver and the MagnoGrip 311-090 Magnetic Wristband. - The best-selling wireless products in the U.S. include Tile Mate - Key Finder. Phone Finder, PopSockets: Expanding Stand and Grip for Smartphones and Tablets and Wemo Mini Smart Plug. - The best-selling major appliances in the U.S. include Samsung MS11K3000AS 1.1 cu. ft. Countertop Microwave Oven, the Danby 120 Can Beverage Center and the NewAir AB-1200 126-Can Beverage Cooler. - The best-selling musical instruments on Amazon.com were the Snark SN5X Clip-On Tuner for Guitar, Singing Machine SML385BTW Top Loading CDG Karaoke System with Bluetooth, Sound and Disco Light Show, and the Singing Machine SMM-205 Unidirectional Dynamic Microphone. - The best-selling outdoor items in the U.S. were Intex Comfort Plush Elevated Dura-Beam Airbed with Built-in Electric Pump, the Stanley Classic Vacuum Bottle and the BV Bicycle Light Set Super Bright 5 LED Headlight. - The best-selling home improvement products on Amazon.com were the Philips Hue White A19 Single LED Bulb (Works with Amazon Alexa), Philips Hue White and Color Ambiance 3rd Generation A19 10W Equivalent Dimmable LED Smart Bulb (Works with Amazon Alexa) and Himalayan Glow Pink Salt Lamp. - The best-selling lawn and garden products in the U.S. this holiday season included the Weber 6492 Original Instant-Read Thermometer, Snow Joe SJBLZD Telescoping Snow Broom with Ice Scraper and Bounty Hunter TK4 Tracker IV Metal Detector. - The best-selling office products in the U.S. were Elmer's Liquid School Glue (1 Gallon) - Great For Making Slime, Georgia-Pacific Spectrum Standard 92 Multipurpose Paper (8.5 x 11 Inches) and Paper Mate Flair Felt Tip Pens (Assorted Colors, 12-Count). - The best-selling business, industrial and scientific supplies in the U.S. included the First Aid Only All-Purpose First Aid Essentials Kit, Rubbermaid Commercial Stainless Steel Oven Monitoring Thermometer and TOPGREENER TU2154A High Speed USB Charger Outlet. - The best-selling TVs in the U.S. this holiday season were the TCL 32-Inch 720p Roku Smart LED TV (2017 Model), Samsung Electronics 40-Inch 1080p Smart LED TV (2017 Model), TCL 49-Inch 4K Ultra HD Roku Smart LED TV (2017 Model) and Samsung Electronics 55-Inch 4K Ultra HD Smart LED TV (2017 Model). Holiday Fun Facts - This season, Amazon customers purchased enough WowWee Fingerlings Interactive Baby Monkey toys on Amazon.com to hang end-to-end down the Empire State Building more than 100 times. - Amazon.com customers purchased enough TVs to create nearly 2,500 towers the size of the Space Needle. - Amazon customers purchased enough littlebits Star Wars Droid Inventor Kits on Amazon.com to man an Imperial-II class Star Destroyer. - Amazon customers purchased enough Calvin Klein products on Amazon.com during the holiday to give five items to every attendee at Coachella 2017. - Amazon customers purchased enough shoes on Amazon.com during the holiday season were lined up end-to-end, they would stretch from Alaska to Miami. - This holiday season, Amazon.com customers purchased enough Wickedly Prime Truffle Spreads to make over half a million dipped strawberries. - Treasure Truck customers purchased enough holiday wreaths that when stacked, one on top of the other, would reach the top of the Empire State Building nearly five and a half times. - Amazon.com customers purchased enough Instant Pot pressure cookers this holiday to make more than nine million bowls of chili at once. - Amazon.com customers purchased enough AmazonBasics hangers to hold an outfit for each person in the city of Houston, TX – the fourth most populated city in the U.S. - If you lined up all the copies of Jeff Kinney’s, The Getaway that Amazon sold during the holiday season, you would reach the height of 444 Saturn V rockets. - If you collected all of the copies of Walter Isaacson’s, Leonardo Da Vinci that Amazon sold over the holidays, they would weigh the equivalent of 25,417 gallons of paint – enough paint to cover over Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel ceiling 1,592 and a half times. Amazon is guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention, commitment to operational excellence, and long-term thinking. Customer reviews, 1-Click shopping, personalized recommendations, Prime, Fulfillment by Amazon, AWS, Kindle Direct Publishing, Kindle, Fire tablets, Fire TV, Amazon Echo, and Alexa are some of the products and services pioneered by Amazon. For more information, visit www.amazon.com/about and follow @AmazonNews.
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Uneven displacement: How a village in coastal Guinea-Bissau is battling rising sea levels The village of Djobel has become one of the most emblematic places in Guinea-Bissau but for all the wrong reasons: it is on the verge of disappearing due to rising sea levels. Meanwhile, the government offers no viable solutions. I first heard about Djobel in 2019 during an exploratory fieldwork trip to Guinea-Bissau as part of my PhD. Amadu, who was only an acquaintance at the time, had met me in a café in Bissau to talk about how climate change and environmental degradation were affecting the country. In that conversation, he told me about some killings that had occurred that week as a result of a conflict between two villages, Djobel and Arame. The relocation of Djobel due to sea level rise was at the core of this conflict. I knew then that Djobel’s case had to be included in my research on climate change and (non-)migration, so I returned the following year. My interpreter and I left for Djobel after negotiating with the only owner of a motorised canoe we could find in a nearby village. Not everyone is willing to embark on the journey. It takes a skilled person to navigate the newly formed canals, someone who understands the water courses and tide fluctuations. At the instruction of a Djobel villager who accompanied us on the journey, we meandered between mangroves and sandbanks: “Left, right, left, right”. Through the shallow water, he spotted the sandbanks and other obstacles. At times, the path was so narrow that we lowered our heads to avoid being hit by the mangroves. As we approached Djobel, I was staggered by how much the water had reshaped the entire village. The houses were scattered across the landscape and isolated from one another. Living here seemed impracticable. I stepped out of the canoe and immediately cut my feet on the oyster shells hidden in the mud. My feet sank into the wet ground with each step, forcing me to pull them up with every stride and master some mud-walking skills at the instruction of my interpreter. I approached the first house where a group of women were sitting together with their children. Shortly after introductions, they opened up about what it is like to live in Djobel. “Life here is very hard because of the water. At first, we didn’t want to move out but now we have no choice. We have to protect our children. Sometimes we go to our rice paddies and worry that by the time we get home our children will have drowned”, said Akoto, a woman knitting in the front row of the group. I was told that five children had lost their lives in the water that now surrounds Djobel. When I visited the second house to see Kumulolo, a villager, I came to understand why and how this occurred. After our half-hour conversation, his courtyard had gone from being completely dry to being swamped almost up to my knees. Observing how bewildered I was at the speed of the flooding, he confessed, “My grandson is one of the children who died. You can’t get distracted for too long. It’s too dangerous.” Sea level rise and tidal flooding have gradually displaced the villagers. According to one of the elders, Djicansobo, stronger tides and storm surges had become more frequent since 2007: “There used to be many of us here. When the water damaged something, we were able to fix it. As the water slowly entered the village, some people decided to leave.” Like Djicansobo, many villagers believe that if some of them had not abandoned Djobel, they might have been able to stop the water with their traditional dyke construction. For an outsider like me, it is hard to imagine that anyone would be able to deter the water. Tidal flooding and storm surges are frequent in low-lying Guinea-Bissau. People have grown accustomed to coping with them. In other rural and urban coastal areas, including islands, people report seawater intrusion in fresh groundwater and increased land-surface inundation. Yet, the lack of data complicates national and regional assessments to understand how sea-level rise interacts with local factors and to more accurately forecast impacts on West African populations (Fandé et al., 2020; Nyadzi et al., 2021). Those who had planned to build their homes in Djobel have chosen to do so elsewhere. Some moved to the capital, to larger rural agglomerates or even to neighbouring countries, reducing the number of young people remaining in the village. But many decided to stay. In 2020, half of the population was still living there and struggled with the difficult conditions, as one villager told me, “We used to walk between all these houses, but now it is impossible. To get drinking water, we have to go to another village in our canoes. It takes us four hours. Sometimes, when the wind is too strong, the canoe might even sink and we lose all our water containers - that has happened before.” Some say it is God’s will, others blame the lack of workforce for the construction and maintenance of the dykes: “Those who are still here are not enough to make this place what it used to be.” Insufficient help amidst old conflicts And yet, Djobel’s problems are more profound than sea level rise. People’s options for coping with adversity have long been constrained by blatant disregard for their concerns and needs. While the colonial presence and the 11-year liberation war against Portugal from 1963 to 1974 tore them and their neighbouring villages apart and forced them to flee to Senegal, postcolonial rule has brought them little good since their return and subsequent resettlement (Chabal and Green, 2016). Since the flooding in Djobel began to threaten livelihoods, the people there have urged the government to help them find a new place. However, Guinea-Bissau’s inadequate governance and the latent corruption predating institutions have made it difficult to attain any viable solutions. The people of Djobel want to preserve their identity – their ultimate wish is to remain as close to their homes as possible. This allows them to carry on with their ancestral and cultural practices and to cultivate the rice fields as long as they are not entirely submerged. But relocation to a nearby location has reignited old interethnic conflicts (Temudo & Cabral 2021). The state’s solution for moving Djobel focused on allocating them new land next to a neighbouring village – Arame. This space was already occupied by Arame’s cashew nut trees, an easy cash crop for many smallholder farmers in Guinea-Bissau. The prospect of occupation by Djobel villagers culminated in confrontations with Arame’s residents, mobilising other neighbouring villages in support or disapproval. People from Cassu showed their support to Arame and those of Elia to Djobel, amplifying the conflict to new players. What troubles the people of Djobel is that they see the state as an ally of Arame: “When the state came to solve the conflict, we had machetes, but Arame had guns. They took the machetes from us but not the guns from Arame. Why did they not take the guns away?” asks Kumulolo. For Djicansobo, there is a reason for that: “The people of Arame have more money than us, so they can bribe the state officials.” While the people in Djobel have difficulty understanding why their neighbours in Arame refuse to let them settle next to them, there are mixed feelings of hope and hopelessness about the role of the state: “For so long the state has not been able to do anything. Any hope to solve the conflict is little.” The more time passes, the more difficult it becomes for the villagers of Djobel to envision a resettlement solution which respects their will to stay near their disappearing homes. Today’s struggle for relocation is perceived by the people of Djobel as a consequence of their post-colonial resettlement. The return from Senegal at the end of the war in 1974 involved rebuilding and paving all the way back to Djobel – the last village to be resettled. This was achieved through the solidarity of those who were eager to return to their villages, including Cassu, Arame, Elia and Djobel. Yet, according to Djobel’s elderly, some of their fellow villagers decided not to continue their journey from Arame to Djobel and settled in the former: “We helped them in Arame, but when it was their turn to help us, they didn’t do it. When we arrived here, Djobel was destroyed by water and it involved hard work such as building big dykes.” Faced with the undeniable threat of climate hazards, those who have persisted so far can no longer continue: “No one wants to leave, but even if we don’t want to, we will have to.” For those who have stayed in Djobel all this time, being displaced and relocated elsewhere is only a fraction of a much wider process. Protection and care for those who stay are as important as for those who leave. But there is a tendency to view the movement of people as the only issue that needs to be tamed when it comes to displacement. While the state of Guinea-Bissau continues its unsuccessful attempts to resettle Djobel and mediate the conflict, it remains inconsiderate of the many needs of those waiting for a solution. Displacement occurring in the context of slow-onset events hardly happens at the same time for everyone. Some people move earlier than others, voluntarily or involuntarily, rendering the process highly subjective. While the reasons for mobility or immobility may vary at the individual or household level, the livelihood conditions and existing forms of marginalisation are experienced in a similar way by all people in Djobel. Limited access to health care, clean and safe water, formal employment, basic infrastructures and even education are some of the wider problems that have remained unaddressed for too long and are now conflating with sea level rise. I have heard these wider problems repeatedly from communities and individuals across Guinea-Bissau. Whether on islands or in coastal zones, in the rural hinterland or in urban areas, there is a common narrative that places inappropriate and insufficient governance at the centre of it all. In the archipelago of Bijagós, Pedro, a former village chief who has been living all his life on one of the islands, speaks from experience: “We ask for help, they say they will help, but they never turn up.” This feeling of abandonment is shared by Cristina, a villager from the island of Soga, who has waited all her life: “We have no hope that politicians and the state will help us.” Dominique’s experience in Djobel is no different. But his reality has been aggravated by sea level rise – the rice fields are gradually disappearing and food security is harder to attain: “Sometimes we ask the government for help with rice because we don’t have enough. But they don’t help us… we can’t count on them.” The economist and philosopher Amartya Sen (1999) famously argued that stripping people of freedoms restricts their development. Indeed, the freedom of choice of people in Djobel is not only limited by their gradually sinking ground, but also because they have been marginalised and deprived of their basic needs all their lives. For all the media attention that Djobel’s displacement has received as a direct cause of climate change in recent years, other vital struggles have been forgotten (Bcassama Tecnologias, SARL, 2022; RTP África, 2020). And yet people fight daily to survive the cascading effects of colonialism and the poor performance of the post-colonial state. Opportunities to thrive and enhance people’s freedom of choice haven’t been pursued. The schools and teachers, the health centres and qualified professionals, the transport system and employment opportunities are all underdeveloped or absent. Climate change is not the only challenge for communities like Djobel. Addressing displacement should not just be about relocating people from one place to another. Efforts that focus solely on governing displacement distort the experiences and needs of those who wish to stay in place before they are compelled to move. It also allows the central government to escape responsibility over long-lasting problems. Meanwhile, people need the means to survive and carry on with their lives. Addressing displacement requires a fair balance between the needs of those who stay and those who leave. It demands an invitation to the table where people are given the opportunity to be heard. It requires that their visions and traditional knowledge be taken into account throughout the displacement process. Guinea-Bissau’s constitution foresees the protection of cultural identity as a means of preserving human dignity and promoting societal development. Public health and education are seen as crucial to the progress and well-being of all. The exercise of democracy envisages active public participation and conscious adherence by the people. On paper, these are the kinds of basic freedoms that give people opportunities to thrive. And yet, little effort is made to preserve the cultural and spiritual identity of the Djobel community, to attend to their basic needs and to recognise their agency in the ongoing displacement process. Certainly, it is their own efforts, solidarity and the path of cohesion they have chosen within their community to circumvent and navigate precarity that opens up possibilities while they wait for all households to eventually be displaced. All names were replaced by pseudonyms to maintain confidentiality. Bcassama Tecnologias, SARL (2022). Direitos Humanos e Justiça Em DJOBEL. [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/hdezCWuGL54 Chabal, P., & Green, T. (2016). Guinea-Bissau: Micro-State to ‘Narco-State’. Hurst. Fandé, M. B., Lira, C. P., Antunes, C., & Penha-Lopes, G. (2020). Quantificação e cartografia da extensão de inundação costeira em Bissau, Guiné-Bissau: Perspetiva em cenário de alterações climáticas [Quantification and mapping of coastal flooding extension for Bissau, Guinea-Bissau: a climate change scenario perspective.] Comunicações Geológicas, 107, Especial I, 109–112. Nyadzi, E., Bessah, E., & Kranjac-Berisavljevic, G. (2021). Taking Stock of Climate Change Induced Sea Level Rise across the West African Coast. Environmental Claims Journal, 33(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2020.1847873 Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford University Press. RTP África. (2020, July 24). Guiné-Bissau - Reportagem sobre Ilha de Djobel, [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/4BwZpr431hY Temudo, M. P., & Cabral, A. I. R. (2021). Climate change as the last trigger in a long-lasting conflict: The production of vulnerability in northern Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2021.1996355 Refugees find employment in very different settlement contexts Tiit Tammaru, Kadi Kalm, Anneli Kährik, Alis Tammur The role of trust and norms in tax compliance in Africa Odd-Helge Fjeldstad and Ingrid Hoem Sjursen Human Development Report 2023-2024 "Breaking the gridlock: Reimagining cooperation in a polarized world" Unsettling expectations of stay: probationary immigration policies in Canada and Norway Comparative Migration Studies ‘There is No Compulsion in Marriage’. Divorce and Gendered Change in Afghanistan during the Islamic Republic Torunn Wimpelmann, Masooma Saadat British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies Oceanic geographies and maritime heritage in the making: Producing history, memory and territory. International Journal of Heritage Studies (forthcoming) Edyta Roszko and Tim Winter Introduction: theorising heritage for the seas Edyta Roszko and Tim Winter International Journal of Heritage Studies Research and Advisory Work on Taxation and Public Finance Management in Tanzania 1993-2023 Heritagising the South China Sea: appropriation and dispossession of maritime heritage through museums and exhibitions in Southern China International Journal of Heritage Studies Courts and Transitional Justice Oxford Handbook of Comparative Judicial Behaviour Uncertainty at the needle point: Vaccine hesitancy, trust, and public health communication in Norway during swine flu and COVID-19 Karine Aasgaard Jansen Vaccine hesitancy in the Nordic countries. Trust and distrust during the COVID-19 pandemic. Editors: Lars Borin, Mia-Marie Hammarlin, Dimitrios Kokkinakis, Fredrik Miegel.
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You’ll also like: Netflix Confirms ‘Stranger Things’ Season 4 Release Date with Explosive New Trailer ‘Yellowstone’ Meets ‘Paranormal Activity’: Amazon Prime Video’s Mysterious New Series ‘Outer Range’ Tom Cruise Confonts his Deepest Fears in Heart-Stopping New ‘Top Gun: Maverick’ Trailer The watch is estimated to sell for 300, 000–500, 000. Record-breaking sales in the US and UK saw 50, 000 bottles sold in 48 hours, so we recommend turning up your internet speed and having the refresh button ready to go if you’re keen to swipe a bottle. Diddy Kong Racing has a story mode and a multiplayer mode for up to four players. 6 mm: the diamond-set version is 2 mm larger thanks to the sparkling addition This Superocean is why some watches are slightly larger in the stone-set versions: the minimum material thickness needed to be maintained. That being said, I guess I am missing the point here. 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Like Watchville, there is a running Top Ten list and a constantly updating stack of breaking watch news with compelling imagery; you’ll feel right at home. However, we also added a feature to the feed that we thought Watchville’s app sorely lacked. For the month of November, amazon Dollar Sweets donates 10 cents from every sale of their 100 and 1000’s sold, to support ReachOut, as well as enabling access for fairy bread lovers to pledge donations directly via till 1 December. Pan Am was also the first airline to fly worldwide, and was the largest airline period for much of its history. For good measure, the watch specs live up to that pedestal — with an automatic Valjoux Eta 7750 movement adorned in top-notch finishing multi-layered fleur de lis Emergency on the bridge and rotor! , a burnished metallic racing blue dial, housed in a rugged 42 mm stepped bezel stainless steel case. For part of its collection of sports cars, it still relies on handmade ash-wood frames whereas every other carmaker has long made the switch to steel, aluminium, or even carbon fibre. The 18 carat yellow gold case houses a 22’’ calibre with visible inverted cylinder escapement. The repeater spring operates on two gongs struck by two hammers activated by a piston situated in the pendant of the watch. 2 Starring: Gizem Erdogan, Christian Hillborg Release year : 2022 Seasons: 1 A Netflix TV show Lady J that centres around the birth of Spotify? Furniture The Koala Modern Sofa is Ethical, Sustainable and Oh-So Comfy The edge is chamfered, also in a high polish. Price/availability: £3, 120 The line’s familiar long unchamfered tapering lugs, skin diver-style unguarded pillbox crown, and narrow coin edge bezel are all present and accounted for here, but Yellow gold the brand changes the formula slightly with a new bi-directional aluminum bezel insert. Does the live element of the auction appeal to you at all, or do you prefer to move Chronomat in the shadows? Rubber with red, green or blue stitching with a titanium folding buckle and additional fabric strap We understand that the design certainly isn’t for everyone – with commentators suggesting the rear end didn’t look to flash on release – but, we’ve come to love the taillight design. If you want that hard use INOX, stick to the quartz. Kari Voutilainen GMR. One of today’s most respected independent watchmakers, Kari Voutilainen offers a Baselworld 2015 preview with the GMR, a new timepiece featuring a 24-hour second time zone and retrograde power reserve indicator. The 39 mm case is available in white gold, rose gold or platinum with prices of Swiss Francs 108, 000 for the gold versions and Swiss Francs 118, 000 for the platinum one. Only 12 pieces of the Kari Voutilainen GMR will be produced. With the aid of the meridians of longitude, it is possible to read the current hour in any desired part of the world by following the 24-hour world-time display on the two discs. The dragonfly zips across the water as the waterlily opens Avenger Bandit to reveal an inner life set with precious stones. If you love the ocean but don’t fancy all that tedious swimming, this is for you. Seabob specialists Cayogo will be unveiling their latest model, fake breitling the Cayago AG, which can transfer captured underwater footage directly to your smartphone. You’ll be the Poseidon of Instagram. When you hear of million pound perpetual calendars that only last a few months before needing attention, that suggests you also need a complete change of design approach. At 12 o’clock the lever for activating/deactivating Cockpit B50 the chiming mechanism Ref: WGSA0034 Santos-Dumont “Le Bresil”, WGSA0027 Santos-Dumont “La Baladeuse” and W2SA0015 Santos-Dumont “Le 14 Bis” Chronomat 44 GMT It is everything I like in a watch without many of the pitfalls of modern start-up brands. Carefully handmade in Barcelona, each Pita Molinos Orbital Chronoliner Limited Edition has a price of Euro 7, 750. Order reservation starts on July 18th. pita. B-2 es This sentiment is shared by Matt Hanson, a dedicated collector and dealer of vintage Longines pieces, who told us that, “when you find an example in excellent condition, you’re rewarded every time the sunlight catches the dial, in a way that you just don’t get with most other dial colours. Regardless, the Lansing was produced for Breitling Navitimer Replica only two years and you don’t tend to see them very often. If you do see one, it may actually be something else, as there are other very similar looking models like the 1958 Courtney. This is an “expression” in the truest sense of the word and it was recently awarded 11 in the Fred Minnick Top 100 Whiskies list. Final thoughts For now, I will leave you with this: whether or not square chronograph watches are your jam, it’s fair to assume we can agree that this Monaco is cool. Failing that, pop Anchorman on and drink every time Brick says something stupid. For knockoff better or worse, it seems to be commonplace – and effective – these days. The name popped up for the first time last year when the Blue Planet was pre-selected for the Grand Prix d’Horlogerie de Geneve Challenge Award which it ended up winning! . Vertex Celebrate Chelsea Barracks Residency with New MP45 Heritage Edition A double-domed sapphire with an anti-reflective coating ironically keeps that mother-of-pearl from getting wet. Breitling Navitimer Replica Plenty of technology has been cherry-picked for the Purosangue from newer models like the SF90 to the 812 Competizione. Antidepressant medications may also contribute to ED. More and more brands have been taking bicolour out for a spin over the past few years, it being shorthand for sixties and seventies retro. Now, while there’s always the question of whether gold belongs on a diving watch. I’m in the camp that if you’re actually going to use it for diving no, but that only a fraction of owners ever will. It all depends, in the end, how you want it to look. Breitling Chronograph Navitimer Real Or Fake Thus, as Levin observes below, these prototypical examples are worthy of grail status: For more from the world of entertainment, check out Man of Many’s full coverage here. There are outliers, of course. The Avenger Blackbird Marathon Military Navigator is fitted with tritium gas tubes. Let’s take a look! The current lineup of ZRC watches one of which Sky reviewed here definitely looks like it takes inspiration from the original Grands Fonds from the past. That’s the worst response ever – this isn’t a decision based on value first. The story of this watch is as long as you might expect for something so complicated, and likely deserves its own article. The Nevil arrived in a nice cardboard Skyracer packaging. The outer sleeve has an artistic graphic on the inside, and the inner box has some splashes of a red paint graphic, giving the packaging a modern or funky feel to it. Inside the box, the watch sits securely with the top portion of the lid housing your warranty and instruction manual. 4mm is an extraordinary piece, and one that is rather unusual indeed. Getty swiss Following a fierce bidding war with Dwayne Johnson and WWE Studios, Universal won the opportunity to make the film. This particular model however is more than just a production car; it’s one of the four genuine big screen models built for Goldfinger, complete with all 13 original special effects models. Quick Take: I don’t have much to add here that wasn’t already covered in my Chronospace Automatic introductory Hands-On with websites MBF’s first-ever chronograph. The LM Sequential EVO is a positively brilliant piece of engineering and I think the jury made an excellent choice with the winner Superocean Chronograph Steelfish of the Grand Prize. I heartily encourage you to read our previous coverage on the watch here and here – and I also want to offer a huge congratulations to Max Busser, Stephen McDonnell, and the entire MBF team. Its imposing presence at SIHH was inescapable, yet its annual output was only in the thousands. Lastly, we look briefly at Richemont, one of the largest companies on the Swiss Market Index. Founded by Johann Rupert in 1988, Richemont was essentially a spin-off of the existing family business, with a dedicated focus on luxury goods. Some unique pieces were also made, including a Tank Monopoussoir which combined engraved Tungsten Roman numerals on the bezel, with blued accents on the dial. Rather incredibly, this piece sold for around Breitling Navitimer Replica £125, 000 at auction in April 2021. In recent times, because of its connection to independent watchmakers, contemporary aesthetics and the long-standing appeal of the complication, the Monopoussoir seems to have regained Navitimer 01 the attention of collectors. Come on, you weren’t expecting a 38mm G-Shock, were you? A bespoke vibe for less than £200 This distinctive collab has George Bamford’s sharp, custom touch for under £200. The vintage logo is also found on the Ag Montbrillant 925 silver dial which makes the blued hands and the dark blue Wings Lady markings stand out. The small-seconds subdial display at 6 o’clock enhances the elegance of Chronomat Evolution the ensemble. Produk judi adalah sajian yang tidak seharga memberikan keuntungan duit saja bagi pemainnya, tetapi juga keringanan ataupun hiburan. Jadi tidak sedikit yang menjadikannya sebagai tempat pelampiasan setelah payah bekerja. Di sanding itu, juga mengoyak target memang berbentuk uang yang banyak untuk memenuhi tujuan pribadi. Bisa Galactic 44 Amda temui sekarang penuh orang yang dulunya sekedar iseng jadi kecanduan untuk memainkannya. Terlebih lagi pelajaran yang bisa dirasakan bergabung di Situs Pertaruhan Magnumslot banyak. 3mm-thick for the version fitted with a moonphase complication. ACM: As someone who holds a senior position at one of the biggest companies in the world, but is also a lifelong surfer, how do you find the balance between these two? Are they Chrono Cockpit separate entities in your life, or does one bleed into the other? MJ: I think the thing about surfing is it really is a lifestyle sport. The irregularly structured inner surfaces of the main and subsidiary dials contrast with the uniform lines. And yet, the masterful manufacture that is Montblanc’s Minerva in Villeret has apparently not, until now, produced a timepiece that displays the beatific grandeur of its in-house mechanical movements especially the chronograph. It is the creme de le creme of Angelus , a brand near and dear to my heart. There is a wealth of smaller brands that use this model as key inspiration, but none are quite as good as the original – it’s the sports watch all others are compared to. The watch will stop a little sooner than if the beat error were lower but not that much sooner. It wasn’t until 2002 that the Fifty Fathoms was revived to its full potential. The Romain Gauthier Prestige HMS Stainless Steel is a 10-piece limited edition and has a price of Swiss Francs 68, Bentley Mark VI 000 excluding taxes. That aside, I too like everything about it that you mention, but think it’s still not enough to win this category against Galactic 30 the competition. Unlike a flute, the egg-shaped design allows the complex layers to grow and intensify, and the larger rim diameter enables them to be released in a way which is not achieved Breitling Navitimer Replica with a narrow glass. The glass also includes a distinct ‘sparkling point’ to aid the formation of the Champagne bubbles. With a pack of six, each glass comes with its own colour, so you’re always aware whose is whose. No more cheekily taking the glass with most in it. The rotating bezel is freed via a safety clip at 6 o’clock and can be used to set the hours and minutes when rotated clockwise or the date when rotated counter-clockwise. The tourbillon seen through the six o’clock window Autodromo has partnered with boutique watch shop Windup to give the cult design a bold new look. Because it wasn’t Chrono Galactic bold enough already, apparently. Monochrome is the name of the game here, with the 39. 5mm case coated in titanium PVD giving the steel a uniform grey. The colour is matched by the dial, enhancing the no-nonsense, built for purpose look of the Group B. Bigger open heart window at 9 o’clock to accommodate the new balance wheelPower reserve increase from 40H to 50HOverall the look is still basically the same, but for me as a movement geek I love that Orient is sticking with previous models and giving them these movement upgrades. I’ve had personal experiences as well. HODINKEE is Red gold an authorized retailer of Seiko watches; and the HODINKEE Shop features a selection of pre-owned and vintage Rolex timepieces. Combined, they make the Rigid Case water-resistant and crushproof to 500lbs — more than enough to handle the Avenger Seawolf abuse of indifferent airport luggage handlers. My issues with it are strictly personal. This is the same automatic movement fitted into the 2019 L. Proudly British watch marque Bremont has usa built a powerful relationship with Jaguar in the past several years, and for its latest collaboration the brand sets its sights on paying tribute to the Superocean 44 legendary C-Type. Not only is the social media app arguably the most addictive thing on the planet guilty, but it’s also home to many famous faces, rising stars and everything in between. Details Omega took care of all the details, despite the Speedmaster ’57 not being a copy of the original 1957 Speedmaster. Through the decades, the Ventura has spawned countless sizes, colors, executions, and movements.
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You’ll also have the options for the steel “strap” or the steel sports bracelet, giving the collection a slightly more versatile and sportier vibe. First and foremost, it features a silver-grey dial marked by a subtle circular satin-brushed finish, and the use of an intense blue for the hands, hour-markers and bezel inlay. This design encloses two registers on a chronograph in a single ellipticalshape that contrasts with the primary dial color. The one that jumps out of my mind is the Breitling Datora 2031, but given the remarkable variety of vintage surfboard watches, like best the Nivada pictured here, you would think that every watchmaker in the late 60s and early 70s tried this at least once. I do not understand why there are so few new ones today. Rec Watches used this design on their Mark I, as did Moto Koure on who sells their MK1 I’m sensing a theme here, but I am hard pressed to replications come up with a third. Specifically, Filippo Loreti says, “We want to make luxury accessible and part of your daily life. Grand Seiko presented replica watch china the new Hi-Beat Night Birch SLGH017 replika featuring titanium case and black dial. The SLGH017 has a price of 10, 900/$10, 400 Model: Chronomaster Revival El Primero A384 Shadow No name on the planet is more synonymous with joyous celebration than Moët Chandon. In other words, he is not like us. As I stated in the beginning, I really could find no faults with the GPW Field Model. It is comfortable, good looking, light weight and best of all, affordable. It is also from a company whose sister brand is Arctos Elite, in case you were afraid this might be a grade flash in the pan or one hit wonder. I definitely enjoyed wearing and reviewing this model, and I hope to see more affordable titanium ebay watches from GPW soon. The customers, replica watches china in turn, have little interest in brands they have never heard of before. Often cheap replica watches from china difficult to see from the front, a quick glance at the side and the back of a bracelet will reveal if this is the construction you’re dealing with. The only niggling point is that the price is now a rather hefty SGC 2. amazon The clasp is of the extension variety that seems to be all the rage these days. When you start reading about modern-day tropic straps, you quickly notice there are quite a few varieties out there. Quick Facts Rolex Oyster Perpetual Day-Date 40 Case: 40 mm, platinum Ref. 8k bph beat rate but it has 26 jewels instead of 24, adds a 24-hour display and a 40 hour power reserve indicator at 12 o’clock. So, the association goes way back. So, to me, this replications is just talking about it, right? When we look at our emissions, we see that the biggest contributor is flights, so to come over here to such an event doesn’t really give me good feelings, right? I don’t like to do that. clone The case back features a Taiwanese coin of the same era. Travel ALDI’s First-Class Travel Range Just Landed Roger Dubuis Gully Excalibur Limited Edition HandWound Skeleton Flying Tourbillon 42mm Titanium and Leather Watch, Ref. The first time I laid eyes on the Citizen Promaster Diver was during my time perusing Terry’s knockoff ToxiNATOs Instagram feed, and seeing for sale it with an attractive bunch of straps. Something about the compact case styling, care-free Eco-Drive movement, and low price just really spoke to me. But, naturally, I took way too long to make a decision. That’s when my best bud Kaz stepped in and gave it to me during gold the great TBWS Christmas gift battle of 2016. I was floored from day one and now, I get to scream my praises from the top of the world. As we see in the “uncensored” clip, the trailer shows Margot Robbie snorting drugs, fighting snakes, and partying among a crowd Replica Watches China of naked degenerates. The hands are heat-blued on salmon and white-silver dials. From lug to lug it measures 48mm, which might seem daunting at first but is actually quite reasonable. I find it hard to unscrew it and set the time/date/GMT hand let alone winding reputable the watch. I think the watch may be somewhat niche as well, as for myself, I don’t know if I would really be sporting a watch that commemorates the Indian Air Force. The dial is what differentiates the Explorer from similar Rolex Oyster Perpetuals. Fake Hublot Ferrari King Gold China Unlike most counterparts in this range, it’s free of any additives or concentrates and all the more nuanced as a result. Are you wondering why? Then keep on reading, as I’ll touch upon that later in the article. 70 is attractively priced at CHF 23, 900 / Euro 26, 500 / US$ 23, 900. Chopard Mille Miglia GT XL Speed Black FC Barcelona replika Chronograph anOrdain is a brand that has caught on in chinese rolex replicas the watch collecting community in recent times. Got the buy Panzera Aquamarine for my 58th Birthday on a Nato strap. Very nice looking robust watch. Quite heavy in itself compared to my usual day watch. early days yet but I enjoy the way it looks on my wrist. Quickly drawn to both acting and music, he played lead guitar and sang vocals in a marginally successful ska-punk band called The Blinking Underdogs. It’s hard chinese rolex replicas to tell how much the 20 percent weight reduction achieved gold by skeletonizing for sale the movement impacts wearability when the titanium itself makes the watch so surprisingly light in the first place. Also there’s the fact that this is described by Vacheron as being at the top end of the Traditionnelle range which already boasts price tags higher than £117, 000, add on top of that the Excellence Platine label and we can only speculate as to how high the price could go. That watch – Schirra’s personal Omega Speedmaster – marked the start of a long history of space exploration for the Speedmaster Chronograph, which in 1965 became the official certified watch for all NASA manned missions. Vertex M60 AqualionHow do you create a dive watch, complete with all the ISO Standard necessities, that blends in with the pared-back, utilitarian vibes of the legendary Replica Watches China Dirty Dozen? The Vertex Aqualion. Whichever models you choose, you will own one of the most legendary chronographs on the market, one with a history like fake watches china no other. Display: Hours and minutes are indicated on two concentric dials visible from each of the three optical mineral glass spheres. Dials make one full rotation in 36 hours. The Jordan Era, starts in 1991. Travel is not about best speed, ” he notes. The display is every bit as clear and intuitive here as it would be on a conventional watch face. Non-alcoholic wine can be made in one of three ways, but look for our preferred brands in the list below that are made through vacuum distillation or reverse osmosis for enhanced flavour. The new SeaQ Chronograph from Glashutte Original, the latest entry in the watchmaker’s Spezialist collection, may be a late-comer to the undersea chrono game, but the designers made sure that being one of the last ones in the pool created a very BIG splash. Bulova also refers to this as “High Performance Quartz, ” a topic we discussed in more detail on the podcast here. And for the ultimate test: how does the Flare fare in the wild? But Hardmetal was not hard enough for the new DiaStar Original. But of particular note for our discussion here on affordable watch brands are the Seiko 5 and Seiko Prospex product lines. It is not really my typical style and I sure get it when people dislike it, but I happen to think it is pretty cool. The slate grey sunray dial on the front features hand-applied hour markers that echo its Dauphine hands. A small seconds in a round minute track brings a softening note to the geometrical linearity of this watch, whose Art Deco design reflects its 1931 inspiration. P atek Philippe chose mid-October-2022 to launch the successor to the ultra-successful Nautilus 5711 family with the modestly updated Nautilus 5811. The Fromanteel Pendulum Small Second is definitely in the same genre of watches, but there are a few things that make this watch stand out among the others. The iconic Heuer Carrera chronograph was launched in 1963. Replica Watches China The Carrera Calibre 5 Day Date on the other hand is pure TAG with its minimal dial ripe for some personal branding. It’s particularly handsome in the black and grey, though the contrast of the all-black is nothing if not eye-catching. The name applies to the very first example of this reference, the idea being that it was the genesis of a number of evolutions of the 765. The flash of sliver shows through is a thoroughly appealing accent, particularly in the “redline zone” slice from 8-12:00. Crocodile leather with additional satin gold coloured leather strap I like the who sells Alpine Eagle on the bracelet very much, but there is something to getting it on a strap. And that’s when the grail watch turns out to review be the exit watch. Mondaine has been carbon-neutral since 2020, their Swiss factory has been 100% solar-powered since 2019, they replica watch from china have partnered with the Fairventures Organization for online free reforestation efforts, and they are incorporating that green ethos into their watches. The Mondaine Essence Collection features cases made from a composite of castor oil and recycled materials and textile straps woven from recycled PET bottles. Several sizes and color options are available ranging from $195 to $235. House Canteen will open from Thursday 13 October every Chinese day of the week for all-day ebay dining, with both dine-in and takeaway options available for visitors on-the-go. Fake Watches From China Initial thoughtsSitting alongside the Patek Philippe Dome Clock as an iconic timepiece in the clock category, the Atmos is one of who sells Jaeger-LeCoultre’s best products in concept and execution. It’s powered by a simple yet ingenious mechanism that’s so effective it remains unchanged after almost a century. And it is offered in a surprisingly wide range of designs, many of which are affordable, with the replications entry-level model starting at just over US$7, 000. Therein lied the issue for me with the Seiko SKX013. The case extended beyond the width of my wrist, for a bulky look and feel. The interchangeable bands is a nice bonus for versatility, but ultimately the length and slightly high profile of the SKX013 were the sticking points for me. I also generally prefer a white face with gold tones for a more formal and feminine watch look. And that’s in addition to its incredible durability and scratch resistance, which makes it superb for sports watches. So, from fitting haute horology tributes and legendary car makers to near weightless beaters ready for action, these are some of the coolest carbon-cased watches around right now. Concluding thoughts The Basso Diamante SV with Super Record EPS and Bora WTO is a beautiful bike. A proper spec sheet When I say the Omega Aqua Terra 38mm is good on paper, I am referring to its impressive specs. But when I say “traditional”, I mean the futuristic tradition of the 1960s that is still very much relevant in 2022. Globemaster in two-tone. The granddaddy of affordable British watches is at it again, continuing its ever-popular Trident collection with a new GMT – and it’s about damn time, too. The C60 Elite GMT 1000 has all the rugged reliability of the latest generation of Trident online free models, with a 42mm titanium case water resistant to a phenomenal 1, 000m and a COSC certified Sellita movement, joined by a 24-hour GMT hand, just in case you fancy swimming across time zones. Does this make the Bayshore less of a watch? No. It looks fantastic and it is more than adequately outfitted for almost any tool watch duties – just maybe not deep-sea diving. Clever thinking, traps and creative weapons will be your best friends. NTH pulled it off in their Subs line using a 3. Available at Peregrine Clothing. This model also adds gold-colored ion plating on the buttons and screw-lock case back, which matches other MR-G models. The second new model, MRGB5000D-1, is made with a silver-colored titanium carbide finish. Like the original DW5000C, the screen features a brick pattern and a reputable red line frame around the digital display. Things to Do in the Snowy Mountains If you’ve left it too late this china watch replica winter and end up visiting in the warmer months, don’t worry – amazon there are still endless adventures for you to discover. Remarkably, the Penfolds Grange set was sold through bottle shop Dan Murphy’s, with reports suggesting it is the largest individual purchase ever made at the alcohol retailer. Not all gins are created equal and this is a gin you don’t want to keep quiet about. Silent Pool Gin is extraordinarily full-bodied and fresh, produced with 24 unique botanicals with layers of lavender and chamomile. It leans more on the floral than the herbaceous or citrus, so adds an intriguing twist to your usual classic cocktails. It also comes in a beautiful gift set, though we’d forgive you for wanting to keep it for yourself. It all rides in on waves of creamy texture and resurrects silky peatiness for the finishing touch. And why is it important to come and see a game or just the stadium itself? Pushing the hands around is the reliable Miyota 9015. As many Chinese indie brands have enjoyed a vogue spotlight, competition is fierce, yet the 300m Diver has been enjoying a steady stream of positive reviews in the online collector space. Artego was kind enough to send us a review unit so we could take a closer amazon look for ourselves. Both are attractive, but I am most interested in the brass. I don’t like speaking about watches as investments, but, basically, somebody who gets buyer’s remorse will get his or her money back once he sells it. The replica watch china eight-episode series looks like it could be a winner for Netflix when it launches on December 16. However, since Tudor released the Heritage Black Bay in 2012, they have found their own identity and have become an industry favorite by offering some of the best watches in their gold price range, introducing in-house movements, with some watches even becoming METAS-certified. Michael Hickcox: “The new Urban Jurgensen introduction is really interesting. You have all the great components of the previously released Alfred the contemporary size, the gold in-house movement, the unbeatable traditional UJ case, lugs, and hands, combined with these luscious case and dial colours, traditional guilloche dial, and immaculate applied numerals. This is a very classy piece, perhaps more tightly linked to UJ’s traditional brand signatures than the more teutonic, though also desirable, Alfred. Get erect, stay erect, and improve sexual performance Replica Watches China all at once as you build toward explosive orgasms. I simply prefer the Seamaster Aqua Terra of these two watches because I feel the SBGH279 is nice, but it doesn’t have the typical Grand Seiko dial. Seiko Prospex King Sumo DiverSPB321J1 King Sumo Blue ‘Gradation’ Glashutte Original released a new version of its SeaQ divers’s watch in red gold with a black dial. Ref. 1-39-11-17-91 has a price of 23, fake watches china 000 With its combination of natural wood cabinet and unique Slatefibre cone, the Chora 806 opts for natural, organic finishes in a classic shape, though the cone is there for more than its grain. Wearing it takes me back to my time in India, and it’s just a super-interesting, deep-cut watch that opens the conversation about an important tradition of the Indian Air Force. So you’ve managed to convince the boss to let you work from home but that pesky status bar on your email keeps switching from active to idle, rudely interrupting your attempts to catch up on Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power or Game of Thrones: House of the Dragon. Richard Mille recently presented a new iteration of the model, the RM 035 Ultimate Edition, whose production will be grade limited to just 35 pieces available exclusively at the boutiques of the brand. The same can be said for the movement. I really don’t need much more than that from a sports watch. Seiko are fans of delving into their heritage to create modern re-creations, like, a lot. So it’s a good thing that the results are often impressive Replica Watches China and supportive of Seiko’s Save the Oceans initiative. The latest trio of Prospex Save the Ocean special editions 2022 are inspired by watches from 1965, 1968 and 1970 in glacial shades. Everything is cheap replica watches from china cleaned and dried. I didn’t have an appropriate-sized reflector ring crystal but I was AAA able to polish the old one enough that 90% of the defects were removed. As such, the case of this new Ocean Star 600 Chronometer Black retains the same proportions and specifications as the standard steel model. The yellow markers and numbers along with the orange second hand give a nice contrast of color, and really do play into the racing/car AAA theme. The Presage dials are constantly evolving and at times feature an “open heart” allowing review the wearer to see the automatic movement in action. The only aspect that I am not thrilled about in regards to the case is the branding on the non-crown side of the case. luxury That brings us to our second point: have you seen what they’ve been doing with sex toys these days? Moser Streamliner, and it rocks pun intended, as always. A black-on-white date window peeks through at 3 o’clock. TB: I love the Alku’s size and based on your funding, I’m clearly not alone. Do you think we have finally broken with the idea that every watch must be 40mm or larger? Sum: A professional diver’s watch, made by a Speaking of bezel, the insert is titanium. The folks at Torgoen get this. With its combination of materials and a solid movement, the Wild One is top a good attempt at setting Norqain apart from the competition in its segment. In terms of build it is qualifies as a distinctive proposition, though the design means it will have only a niche appeal. The Vilhelm Prism is a unique watch, one that takes inspiration from a few watches, most prominently would be the Bvlgari Octo. But of course, everyone has a nightmare watch story to tell. “Unfortunately, I sent it to get cleaned because it was running erratically, ” he says. “I sent it to someone around the corner, and when it came back, it had another crown. ” Lowe pauses. “He kind of stole the crown and replaced it with a real modern, horrible crown from like a diving watch. For more information about the upcoming 10-day pre-order for the 2116-A, visit the Furlan Marri website or follow the brand on Instagram. Rowing Blazers OG Fun Shirt, £142 $175 On the watch I received, all markings glow green C3 only. No Blue glow.
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A porch on the old Springer House yielded enough yellow trim for the frame wood on Neva’s dresser and Robert’s tall chest of drawers. The light green base and top trim was once part of the kitchen in the Springer House. The Springer Ranch, located north of the Canadian River in Hemphill County, was the oldest (1875) cattle ranch in the Texas Panhandle. The blue panel boards were discovered under several layers of wall paper on the ceiling of an abandoned homestead on Willow Creek in Lipscomb County. Everyone of the longleaf pine boards spanned the full nineteen-foot length of the kitchen. The green drawer panels on the dressers and the side frames on Robert’s wardrobe once boxed in the eaves on the Peg Robertson House located southwest of Canadian. I still haven’t determined how Peg wound up with only one leg, but I do know that’s how he got his name. The orange tin for the roundtops and the inlay was cut from a 55-gallon antifreeze barrel. Door and drawer pulls on the dressers were bit rings and harness parts salvaged off various sets of old harness. Door handles on the wardrobe were once part of the fifth wheel on the undercarriage of an old wagon. The wagon was last used in the ’40’s and then parked for good near Dugout Creek in Lipscomb County. Crates for seismograph explosives became the top panels on the bedside cabinets. The crates were found in the back of a barn and probably date from the early ’50’s. Part of Esther’s house near Dripping Springs dates to the 1850’s. When the kitchen was remodeled recently, the old yellow pantry yielded some usable boards. The pantry structure was probably added in the ’40’s. The rafters in Esther’s house are painted a bright blue. They are still in service holding up the roof, so some blue to complement the yellow had to be found somewhere. Help came from 525 miles to the northwest on the Peg Robertson place, just south of the Washita River. Salvage interior trim was the perfect shade of blue. A small gas heater from the abandoned Hotel Higgins, in Higgins, Texas, provided the legs, door handle, door panel, and top lid. The drawer pulls are double-hung window latches, and the drawer liners are 1944 Sears and Roebuck linoleum. Barn Dancer rises on steel-shod legs made from old buck rake tines that Aunt Mary and Uncle Elbridge used to bundle feed and hay. Inspired by the old wooden-frame round-top barns, the cabinet top is made from part of a 55-gallon antifreeze drum. The wood came from the Peg Robertson homestead south of the Washita River. The green was once exterior window trim and the blue was door trim and baseboard in one of the bedrooms. The termites had just about gotten the best of the old granary on the Half Circle Ranch, but up under the short eves there were still some bright red boards–enough for a table-top frame. The beadboard panels were originally doors on a storage box in our old barn and the green accent boards once boxed in the eves on a homestead down the road from us. An old fifth wheel from a wagon undercarriage provided the perfect “half circle” of steel. One-legged Peg Robertson must have liked bright colors. The hall right outside the green bedroom was trimmed in pink. Just the combination to match up with the once-green crustbuster wheel. The door bar is certified, unidentified junk–just can’t figure what it came from. The top of the cabinet was inspired by the rooflines of some of the Santa Fe depots. The front facade of the Santa Fe railroad depots seemed to be the right backdrop for the broken coulter disk. An old bed frame pulled out of a draw gave up the door bars and the center finial. Most of the white wood came out of the living room of an old homestead southwest of Canadian, Texas. And the red wood was part of the siding the termites missed on the little barn on Lindy’s place. The door knob was found in Tucumcari, New Mexico. Since 1910 the Moody Building in Canadian, Texas, has greeted travelers and local folks alike with its landmark presence and distinctive early Panhandle architecture. Along the roofline, the parapet wall shows off masonry “sunburst” patterns, each with an open arch that sets off a half circle of blue Panhandle sky. The parapet rises, similar to the Santa Fe depot facades, served as design inspiration for the Moody Depot Cabinet. The red barn wood came from the granary barn on the Half Circle Ranch. Old corral wood from Sand Creek Ranch became the door frame. Tom Conatser’s house provided the weathered gray siding. And the turquoise wood was left over after the renovation of the Parker House in Lipscomb. Pulled from an old trash burn pit, parts of a bed frame were reworked for door bars. The door knob came from Tucumcari, New Mexico. Fellow recycler and friend Maurice Bernson came across some wonderful old plantation shutters years ago. He never got a chance to use them, so I inherited them. In an altered state the shutter frames became the case for the serving cabinet. The top frame was part of a door out of an old country school house, and the tin panel was cut from the header shroud on a junked Baldwin-Gleaner combine. A bedroom door from Peg Robertson’s place provided parts for the cabinet door and drawer fronts; the pulls are brass windmill check end-collars; and the woven steel panel was salvaged from a security gate made by the Fort Worth Fence Company. Not much of the wooden windmill tower that once stood south of Wolf Creek was worth saving, but parts of one tower leg yielded enough for short table legs. The red frame boards were about the only lumber on the Half Circle Ranch’s granary barn that escaped weathering and termites. And the turquoise panels came out of the pantry room door in the old Hostutler homestead. The Hostutlers lived in their barn during the year of ’08 while they built their house. They raised nine children in the little house by Willow Creek. The Tower Chair was inspired by two plains icons: the windmill and the oil derrick. Plantation shutter frames were reworked into chair frames. Old corral board from Sand Creek Ranch became chair arms and the tower platform. The wind keeps removing scraps of tin off the north side of our old wooden barn, so one such loose flap was used on the back of the chair. Wagon undercarriage braces were put to use as back braces, and wagon spindle log screws share strength duty with the front mortice and tenons. Peg Robertson parked his peddler’s wagon for the last time in the tree grove down below the house. I’m not sure what year that was, but there is not much of the wagon left now. Enough of the frame remains, though, to give some idea of the original shape and serve as a starting design for the Peddler’s Wagon Wardrobe. Old school house doors, eight feet tall, gave up enough lumber for the wardrobe doors and front. Harness rein-rings for door pulls are set in the middle of planter plates out of a seed drill. The blue tongue and groove boards were at one time on the kitchen ceiling in the old Hostutler homestead. Old growth, long leaf pine, every board spanned the full 19 feet of the ceiling, with several layers of wallpaper on the down side and a thick layer of fine dirt on top. Most plains towns still have one standing on the other side of the tracks. It is seldom noticed, no longer in use, and too darn hard to tear down. The old wooden tin-sheathed grain elevators, now dwarfed by their concrete offspring, still stand as plains icons. The tall central shaft with its little gable roof and shorter flanking bins inspired the design for the South of the Tracks Dressing Cabinet. The crackled white wood came from door panels and trim in an abandoned homestead between our place and Willow Creek. Another abandoned house, 50 miles southwest of us, provided enough blue trim for the door and drawer fronts. The wide white boards, hinges and small glass knobs were all salvaged from the Springer house, located north of the Canadian River. The Springer Ranch was the first cattle ranch established in the Texas Panhandle (1875). Cousin Ruth came up with the large glass pulls out in New Mexico. And the 1944 Sears and Roebuck linoleum drawer liners came off the floor of the old Appel homestead. (The date was established by all the newspapers and farm journal magazines used as padding under the linoleum.) While they built their house, Mr. & Mrs. Hostutler lived in the barn. That was in 1907. They eventually raised nine kids in the little house by Willow Creek. The house will be burned soon, so the salvage work has more than the usual sense of urgency. The blue-green side boards on the Moon Cabinet were originally on the kitchen ceiling. The door frame is made from what was left of the old pantry door. The cabinet feet were once spacer spindles on an old disc plow. When the railroad came through the Panhandle about 1886 they fenced some of the right-of-way with “ribbon wire”. A strand of that wire, rescued from a trash pit near Little Robe Creek, tops out the Creek Moon Cabinet. Old reel batts from a John Deere 55 combine were rescued from the trash pile, the John Deere yellow paint still shining through. Blue door trim from the Hill Homestead on Dugout Creek was just the thing to complement the yellow panels. Now that the roof is completely gone off of the old house, the remaining trim is fading fast. They put up a new pipe corral on the Circle D Ranch. Some of the salvaged boards from the old wooden corral have become the case for the Faded Rose Harness rein-rings have been recycled as door and drawer pulls. After the double shock of crawling out of bed in the middle of the night and walking out into the cold winter air, checking the pregnant heifers could almost be a spiritual experience. On the way to the corral, gawking at the sky full of stars made walking a hazard. We even got to watch the Northern Lights a couple of times (yes, even in Texas). The corral light or a lantern in the sheds cast a soft yellow orange glow out over the sleeping and sighing heifers, vapor rising each time they exhaled. Most of the time, all the girls were okay, so it was back to the house and bed. The Floor Lamp frame is made from corral wood from the Sand Creek Ranch. Tom Conatser’s old corral timbers helped make the lamp base. And security fencing made by the Fort Worth Fence Company became the center panel and the mica guard. The mica comes from North Carolina. Nobody lives on the old Schafer place across the road anymore. Mrs. Schafer, her tennis shoes a-flapping, used to cut across the field when she would walk over to visit Grandma Bucher (my wife’s Grandmother). The Schafers must have driven a Chevy at some point because I found several leftover parts down in the junk pile. An old door handle became the door pull on the Prairie View Display Stand. The case wood was once trim in the old homestead near Willow Creek. Door and side panel tin was cut from salvaged roof tin off the 85-year-old Akers barn. Folks were sure sorry for me that the tin had those “rust stripes” on them, but I assured them the stripes were just what I wanted. It is possible to tell what the original shape of Peg Robertson’s peddler’s wagon probably looked like, but the old wagon is so far along on its journey back to the ground that there is not much worth salvaging. Workable wood had to come from Peg’s house rather than the wagon skeleton. One old porch column was found in the corner of the barn, so a section of that post and the capital and base became the starting point for the Peddler’s Wagon Tall Chest. The side panels, “roof,” and face frame of the Tall Chest was once siding and trim on one of the porches of the Springer house located north of the Canadian River, east of Canadian, Texas. The Springer Ranch was the first cattle ranch in the Texas Panhandle (1875). A wagon undercarriage that was weathering down on Dugout Creek provided the cabinet hardware. The handles and top bar came from the fifthwheel portion and the bottom drawer pulls are doubletree hooks. Top drawer pulls are stave locks from the bolsters. Found in the tree grove near Camp Creek, a wheel from a child’s toy, maybe a tractor or a wagon, became the caps for the “wheel” base of the Tall Chest. The remains of an old wagon undercarriage from the Hill place on Dugout Creek provided the door and drawer pulls and top bar for the Dugout Creek Chifforobe. When neighbor Lance Bussard brought the pile of wagon leavings by the shop, he declared that I was probably the only person around that could get excited about such a pile. Salvaged interior trim from a small house in Higgins became the frame and accent wood for the chifforobe. Years ago, and at least one addition ago, the house had served as the “office” of a wagon court, a place where folks could park their wagons and camp overnight. Pre-dating the case wood, the door frames are made from parts of two interior doors from the Peg Robertson homestead located south of the Washita in Hemphill County. Peg was a peddler of sorts and traveled the countryside in a small roundtop peddler’s wagon. From the stories I’ve heard, Peg was a regular in Old Mobeetie years ago. The door and the side panel tin was cut from roof tin off the Raymond Akers barn south of Lipscomb. It was a hot day in July when we peeled the tin off. The buzzards we disturbed from the barn loft kept circling overhead, their huge shadows sweeping over us–not a comforting feeling. Wood for the chifforobe roundtop came off the kitchen walls of the Springer House. The Springer Ranch was the first cattle ranch (1875) in the Texas Panhandle. There were just too many hay bales stored in the loft of the old Akers barn, and the weight over the years had given the barn an amazing degree of northward lean or sag. After all the old hay was pitched out the west end, and the buzzards vacated, we managed to salvage some of the bowed, but not broken 2x lumber. A lot of the lumber used to build the 85-year-old barn was salvaged from a previous structure, the age and type unknown, so it’s hard to tell just how old the yellow pine boards are. The frames of the Hayloft Chairs are made from some of the old 2 x 4’s. The arms and backboards are cut from parts of old doors out of a country schoolhouse. A 55-gallon antifreeze drum was just the right shade of orange for the tin inlay. Most plains towns still have one standing on the other side of the tracks. It is seldom noticed, no longer in use, and too darn hard to tear down. The old wooden tin-sheathed grain elevators, now dwarfed by their concrete offspring, still stand as plains icons. The tall central shaft with its little gable roof and shorter flanking bins inspired the design for the Across the Tracks Dressing Cabinet. The cracked gray painted wood came from door panels and trim in an abandoned homestead between our place and Willow Creek. The old house also provided the 1944 Sears and Roebuck linoleum used for drawer liners. (The date was established by all the newspapers and farm magazines used as padding under the linoleum. A termite-chewed granary barn ten miles west of us furnished the red boards for the doors and drawers. And the pulls were once buckles and trace keepers on various sets of old harness. Mitered sections of chalkboard tray out of a country school make up the horseshoe-shaped shelves The old columns supporting Grandma’s front porch have to be considered a West Texas icon. They only served to hold up the roof, hide the extra front door key, and hold the thermometer, but they also had an air of mystery and comfort about them. Blue trim boards from Peg Robertson’s place southwest of Canadian were used for the doors and drawer fronts on the dressing cabinet. The cracked white face boards were once trim in the Hostutler house down on Willow Creek. The white side boards started out as eave boards on the old Springer House north of the Canadian River in Hemphill County.
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AMA is Heavy Blog’s monthly community Q&A column, where readers ask questions across the gamut, and we are legally required by the universal laws of “AMA” to answer them! These are edited and excerpted transcripts. To see full transcripts and participate in future conversations, join the Heavy Blog Facebook Community Group! Welcome to the final AMA of 2020! In the spirit of the season – and by that I obviously mean list-making season – we fielded several questions related to end-of-year lists. We always have plenty to say on this topic, but especially this year as we’re finally breaking free of the trappings of end-of-year lists before the end of the year. We’ll have plenty more to say on that topic when the time comes next month. In the meantime enjoy this month’s offerings! Supratik asks: I wonder whether there would be a ‘Top albums of the decade’ article next year. If so, I am curious as to how are you going to start making that list? Eden Kupermintz: I’m going to be very honest with you: we’re tired of lists. There’s a few reasons for this: 1) They’re a logistical nightmare. It takes a lot of effort to coordinate them, get everyone to contribute, etc. 2) The attitude behind them, of ranking albums and comparing them on what is an arbitrary spectrum at the end of the die, just takes the fun out of music. If you ask around veteran journalists/bloggers who quit, one of the main things you’ll find is that they left because they got really tired of the ceaseless need to rank music. That’s one of the reason we dropped review scores but lists sort of bring that back. It’s also why, if this list does happen, it will be unranked. 3) As the scales increase (best of decade > best of year), the scope gets even more absurd and the spectrum becomes more broken. This happened with regular lists as well, as we were doing best-ofs for entire genres. It just makes the entire exercise even more pointless because you are 100% guaranteed to miss some fantastic albums when taking such a broad view at something. Supratik: Wow, you just summarised the cause of most of my hair gone this year haha. Indeed, making lists and ranking albums could take a toll on the curator/s. I’d be down to participating in a user poll kind of system where the audience bears the burden of curating that list. Nevertheless, I would love to read any articles regarding this particular topic ☺️ Nick Cusworth: Basically everything that Eden said. We discussed doing that this year in fact since most people commonly think of years ending in 0 as markers of new decades even if it’s technically not correct. Where we came down is that it would have been too complicated and really not all that enjoyable for us to do in a way that would have been useful beyond clicks. Even if we had gone by genre it would have been a huge slog. I think maybe what could be interesting and doable would be to create some unranked lists of albums that have stood up well over the past decade and are still very enjoyable/rewarding to listen to now, though it’d make less sense for albums only released within the past few years. In essence, it’s not out of the realm of possibility, but don’t count on it ha. Scott Murphy: Besides co-signing what Eden said, I’ll double down on the overwhelming prospect of making a Best of the Decade list. I do a fair amount of re-listening and debating to whittle down my AOTY picks every year, so the idea of having to do that 10 times and then figuring out what should rank where feels impossible. I could just look back at my past AOTY lists, but considering how much my tastes have continued to evolve, I’m not sure how useful that would be. For me, an AOTY list is a snapshot of where my head was at musically for a particular year, and that’s inherently imperfect. There are releases I’ve discovered years later that absolutely would have made my AOTY list, and then there’s albums that fell out of favor over time or offer a style of music I’ve grown away from. Nate Johnson: A Best of the Decade list gives me so much anxiety. It’s hard to keep track of a year, let alone 10. Simon Handmaker: I think my answer to this is that neither time nor lists are real in any meaningful sense. I appreciate ratings aggregations sites like letterboxd or rateyourmusic’s rankings of movies/albums/whatever in a year/decade because I think that’s a broad enough consensus to actually have interesting things to say but when we’re talking like, what less than 50 people think, I don’t think it makes any sense. Especially considering the age difference at HB – I was 13 a decade ago and that is going to make my list skew very differently because of what I remember/was paying attention to versus someone on the blog five or ten years my senior [Ed Note: I feel personally attacked by this statement]. Brad asks: How come some sites do their end of year lists so early? I never understood why. Nick Cusworth: one word: C L I C K S Any site/publication that generates a large portion of its revenue from ads relies on site clicks to create earnings. Having done this for long enough, we know very well that end of year lists generate an INCREDIBLE amount of impressions and clicks, both native from normal readership and then through social media as they get passed around and shared by people and bands. The earlier you can get your list out there, the less competition for eyes there will be. That’s it. Up until this year we’ve played this game, even as we would try to post our lists in late December at least. And there is something to the idea that people want to talk about year-end retrospective stuff at the end of the year rather than the beginning of the next one. But now that we are no longer running ads on the site and will no longer be dependent on clicks for revenue, there are really no excuses for us to continue playing along with this. We trust that our readership and fans will still be eager to read our year-end coverage in January even if it doesn’t catch the same level of hype as it would in Nov or Dec. Especially in a year like this where release schedules have been totally thrown off by Covid, I think there are going to be a lot more great albums coming out in the final two months than usual, most of which will be completely ignored by most places. It’s really dumb and counter-productive if you actually care about the music and doing justice to all artists. Eden Kupermintz: I also want to add that there is genuine “physical” reasons behind this: 1) Some digital publications (like Decibel) also have a physical component to them like a magazine. For that, you need to get entries submitted early so you have time to do all of the many things necessary to produce a physical magazine. 2) Even in digital publications like ours, people start to disappear in the second week of December. It’s very hard to get anything out there and, in fact, that has made even our early-ish AOTYs hard to compile. Of course you can say “just do it in January” but then Nick’s argument of clicks comes in. That’s what has guided us in the past: we didn’t post at the end of November or even mid-December but we didn’t wait until January to avoid being completely irrelevant. This year we don’t care so we’re just doing what we want 🙂 Noyan: That being said, I think people make way too much of a big deal of when the list cutoff time is. Lists are dumb and arbitrary and so is the cutoff time. Listen to music you enjoy regardless of when it comes out. You don’t need an album to make it to a list to be good. And if your album released on like December 27, it’s not really fair to put it on a list anyway because of recency bias. Nick Cusworth: I agree except for the fact that many places also largely neglect albums released in December. By the time January 1 rolls around everyone is only talking about releases from the new year. Noyan: True but I think that’s a slightly separate problem. The Game Awards for example fix that by having their timeline be November based. Aka dec 2019 releasing games are eligible for TGA 2020. Milena asks: Do you think there’s gonna be a festival summer of 2021 or not? When do you expect to see your first post-pandemic show? Eden Kupermintz: That’s a really tough question. Personally, I thought we wouldn’t have a vaccine before 2022 but I was wrong about that. This is really something for experts to talk about. However, all those caveats out of the way, I really don’t think so. Concerts are like a dream scenario for COVID and are just primed to be super-spreader events. You’ve got lots of people in tight spaces with no ventilation. I don’t see how the industry is going to adapt (especially with zero support like here in Israel or the US) to these conditions. That being said, I do think we’ll start to see more things like TesseracT and their live show, that is the industry reconfiguring in deeper ways what live shows mean. We’ll see more innovative ideas for shows, better technology for pulling them off, and more willingness from fans to spend money on them. When do I expect to see my first post-pandemic show? I don’t really go to shows anymore but I really hope that ArcTanGent (an open air event) might, maybe, kinda, sorta, I-hope-but-not-really, actually ends up happening in late 2021. But again, not holding my breath. Nick Cusworth: What I’m seeing from most bands scheduling new tours currently is that none are starting before fall 2021. I don’t think it’s impossible that there will be some summer fests next year, but if they go on they will almost certainly be pared down a bit and transformed somewhat to accommodate for covid. Whether that means there will be requirements about taking vaccines, frequent rapid testing for attendees, forced social distancing in crowds, etc., remains to be seen. Either way there is very little chance things will be back to the pre-pandemic status quo by summer. As for when I expect to see my first live show again, I’m probably going to be more cautious than most about this for a while, but under the right circumstances (if I can get a vaccine, it’s outdoor, etc.) I could envision seeing live music sometime next summer into fall. Simon Handmaker: I expect to see a concert probably summer of 2022, unless something really crazy happens. I will be happy if that’s ahead of the curve but I would rather be a little pessimistic and proven wrong than get my hopes up for something that ends up not materializing. Scott Murphy: I was able to see a concert earlier this fall (shoutout to Suitcase Junket and The Word Barn in Exeter, New Hampshire). However, it’s important to note that 1.) It was in a large field outside, 2.) He’s a smaller artist and the crowd was equally small and spread out, 3.) Masks were required. All of that worked because it’s a granola crunchy, grassroots venue that attracts people who “get it.” But when you’re talking about much larger festivals with exponentially more people, that introduces a whole slew of variables that I feel make running a safe, socially distanced event impossible. We still don’t know when exactly a vaccine will hit, how effective it will be outside of trials, and how quickly they’ll be able to distribute it worldwide. I’m assuming most bands and venues will want to have total certainty before booking a large festival considering all the logistics involved, and since we don’t have a firm picture of when things will be normal again, I think most big fests are going to hold tight, probably until 2022. Josh Bulleid: The Australian Festival season is January–March, so that definitely isn’t happening next year. Having said that, I bought tickets to see Todrick Hall in January the other day, which might be a bit ambitious, but I bought them under the pretence that if it gets delayed I’m locked in. I still have tickets for Backstreet Boys and Parkway Drive from this year that got delayed to next as well, so probably one of those. Ian asks: How much of an impact does album art have on your likelihood to listen to an album? I’ve found myself avoiding albums people recommend to me specifically because of the album art being off-putting sometimes only to go back later and realize how great it is Scott Murphy: It has a huge impact on whether or not I listen to an album. That might sound shallow, but it’s an important differentiator in today’s new release environment. There’s simply too much new music for me to sift through that I have to rely on context clues to see if it’s worth trying out. Covers, band names, and album titles are the fastest, clearest summaries of what an album has to offer. There are exceptions, obviously, where the cover doesn’t fit the music. But by and large, it’s pretty obvious what an album will have to offer based on what the artist chose to represent it. Even within genres it makes a huge difference; it’s pretty easy to guess the differences between a slam, progressive tech death, and OSDM album just based on the cover alone. And again, while there can be exceptions, an artist that picks a bad album cover pretty often reflects on the music. I’m not saying every album cover has to be a masterpiece, but I can’t say I’ve encountered a lot of great albums with truly awful cover art. Nick Cusworth: If I’m doing Bandcamp trawling, 100% it affects whether I listen to it or not. 9 times out of 10 if an album looks like amateurish crud or unironic “graphic design is my passion,” then the music is going to be a reflection of that. If you are serious about your music and have a strong idea of what it represents creatively then you will likely go the extra step to produce album art that will catch the eye of your potential audience. Eden Kupermintz: It depends on what “mode” of music discovery. If it’s something off my list, then a friend probably recommended it to me or I’m listening for a blog thing. In that case, I’m likely to look past album art unless it’s really awful (less quality and more like, violence towards women or really realistic gore, I hate that stuff). If I’m just exploring, like a Bandcamp feed or the inbox, it 100% influences my decision. Musicians might not necessarily like it, but album art is the first thing I see from your creation and it sets the tone. Besides, fewer people are unique than we’d like to think and album art really is a good indicator of what a band will be like. Of course it’s important to pay attention and explore things regardless, but I’ve been using this as a method for years now and it has rarely failed me in both ways: I’ve found some amazing music off of cover art alone, from genres I’d never listen to, and heard music I knew would be bad based on cover art and was proven correct. Ed Note: When thinking about this question and albums that I listened to specifically because of the art, one example that always comes to mind is We Are Impala‘s Visions. Look at that art and tell me you aren’t at least curious what the music sounds like. Jordan Jerabek: Tons. As Eden said, it’s part of an artist’s first impression. Whether that’s leaning into a stylistic trope or using something atypical or eye-catching, it’s primarily about piquing someone’s curiosity, but it also says a lot about how the artist envisions their own work. Are they traditionalists, or are they shaking things up? I feel like its easy to get a pretty good read by artwork alone, but the times you get genuinely surprised… that’s hard to forget. Josh Bulleid: Cool artwork will definitely make me check out an album. Iconic art also helps an album’s staying power. I don’t care about packaging in this digital age, but cover art is a big part of music that often gets overlooked. Trevor asks: Favorite craft beer? Eden Kupermintz: I love Sixpoint beer! Simon Handmaker: Huge fan of Apex Predator, a farmhouse ale from Chicago’s very own Off Color Brewing Scott Murphy: One of my favorite things about Untappd is it makes me want to always try new beers. I love pretty much every style, but my favorites are sours, stouts, and IPAs, especially if there’s something different about them. My favorite brewery is Branch & Blade here in New Hampshire. They rarely make the same beer twice and always try something new. Probably the most memorable beer I’ve had from the was “Mermaid’s Lemonade,” a gose brewed with roasted lemons and lemon juice, agave, and spirulina. Nick Cusworth: I’ll also cast a supporting vote for Sixpoint as one of my go-tos for crafts with wide distribution (at least on the east coast). Breckenridge’s Vanilla Porter is also pretty much an automatic get for me when it’s available. My favorite microbrewery is probably Schilling Beer Co. in Littleton, NH though. Always a great selection, AND they make super bomb pizza. Jordan Jerabek: I’m all about the hops and barrel aged shit. Oscar Blues – G’Knight (red IPA) Ale Asylum – Bedlam! (Belgian IPA) Central Waters – Illumination (DIPA) Sixpoint – Resin (DIPA) 3 Floyds – Gumballhead (pale wheat) Toppling Goliath – Pseudo Sue (APA) The Brewing Projekt – Resist: Blood Orange (milkshake IPA) Avery Brewing Co. – Tweak (imperial coffee stout) Lakefront Brewery – Riverwest Stein (amber) Great Lakes – Edmund Fitzgerald (porter) Lake Louie – Warped Speed (scotch ale) Boulder Beer Co. – Shake Chocolate Porter Josh Bulleid: I generally like dark beers with chocolate/caramel flavours. Although I don’t like chocolate itself, there was a beer going around from Moon Dog brewery this winter that was a Tim Tam-flavoured stout that was pretty great. The White Rabbits dark ale is a standard favourite that I prefer to a lot of fancier options. Ian asks: Biggest letdowns for this year? Can be music, movies, video games etc. Nick Cusworth: It pains me to say it, but musically it would probably be the new O’Brother. It’s not a bad album, but definitely a forgettable one, and it’s a big letdown after how amazing Endless Light was. Eden Kupermintz: The new Open Mike Eagle. I miss the energy he had on earlier albums. The self-deprecation stuff he has on this one is fine but it lacks the luster and the shine his words and musical collaborations used to have. In books, I was really looking forward to reading The Old Drift. It won a bunch of awards and the premise sounds great but the book is WAY too long and meandering without any real justification. Jimmy Rowe: The Ocean should have been my album of the year and it didn’t crack my top fifteen. Josh Bulleid: Doom Eternal was a big one but the biggest has to be N. K. Jemisin’s new book The City We Became. Her celebrated Broken Earth trilogy (2015–17) is one of my all-time favourite fantasy series, but its follow-up is one of the most uninspired and awkwardly-written books I’ve ever read. The writing is terrible and the story, which is meant to be a post-colonialist rewriting of H. P. Lovecraft’s Horror at Red Hook (1927) reads more like an(other) amateur rewriting of Neil Gaiman’s Neverwhere (1996) which just draaaaagggss. As for music, probably the new Hatebreed or Dark Tranquililty records.
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Right-wing media are now blaming 14-year-old Ahmed Mohamed for his own arrest after he brought a homemade clock to school, and accusing President Obama and others of capitalizing on the student's story to falsely push concerns about Islamophobia. Ahmed Mohamed, 14, Was Arrested For Bringing A Homemade Clock To His School Ahmed Was Arrested After His Clock Was Reported As A “Hoax Bomb.” On September 14, a 14-year-old Sudanese-American teenager from Irving, Texas, was arrested for bringing a homemade clock to his school. School officials reported the clock as a “hoax bomb,” and called the local police. Five police officers handcuffed the child and brought him to a juvenile detention center, where he was finger-printed and interrogated before being released to his parents. Two days later, the Irving Police Department announced that Ahmed was no longer facing criminal charges, but the boy continued to serve out a three-day suspension from school for the creation of a so-called “hoax bomb.” The Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) is currently investigating the incident. [The Dallas Morning News, 9/16/15;The Washington Post, 9/16/15] After His Arrest, Ahmed Gained Support From Many Public Figures, Including President Obama. After the story of Ahmed's arrest was reported, it gained widespread public attention on social media. President Obama tweeted Ahmed an invitation to the White House, Hillary Clinton, Arne Duncan, and Mark Zuckerberg expressed their support, and Ahmed was offered an internship at Twitter. Well-wishers tweeted their support for Ahmed using the hashtag #IStandWithAhmed. A question about Ahmed's arrest was also featured at the earlier GOP debate on CNN Wednesday night. As the New York Times reported: Ahmed Mohamed's homemade alarm clock got him suspended from his suburban Dallas high school and detained and handcuffed by police officers on Monday after school officials accused him of making a fake bomb. By Wednesday, it had brought him an invitation to the White House, support from Hillary Rodham Clinton and Mark Zuckerberg, and a moment of head-spinning attention as questions arose whether he had been targeted because of his name and his religion. As a result, a 14-year-old freshman at MacArthur High School in Irving, Tex., who is partial to tinkering, technology and NASA T-shirts and wants to go to M.I.T., found himself in a social media whirlwind that reflected the nation's charged debates on Islam, immigration and ethnicity. [The New York Times, 9/17/15] MIT And Harvard Offered Ahmed Tours Of Their Astrophysics Facilities. On the September 17 edition of MSNBC's All In with Chris Hayes, Ahmed was surprised during an interview about his arrest by astrophysicist Chanda Prescod-Weinstein of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and extended an invitation to tour the astrophysics facilities at both MIT, which he had described as his “dream school,” and Harvard University. [MSNBC, All In with Chris Hayes, 9/17/15] Ahmed Will Transfer Schools, Citing Previous Prejudice From School Officials. In an interview with Dallas-Fort Worth ABC affiliate WFAA 8, Ahmed said he initially was “scared” that “nobody was going to care about [his arrest]” because he is Muslim, and described a previous instance when he was “singled-out” by his middle school vice principal who “call[ed] him names,” and “threatened to follow [him] until he graduate[d].” Toward the end of the interview, Ahmed noted that he chose MacArthur High School in Irving, Texas specifically because it offered engineering classed, but that he would not be returning to the school. [WFAA 8, 9/17/15] Right-Wing Media Blame Ahmed, School Policy, Deny Role Of Islamophobia Fox Contributor Jonah Goldberg: Everyone Is Defending Ahmed “Because Of the Political Correctness Angle.” On the September 17 edition of Fox's Outnumbered, Fox contributor and National Review Online editor Jonah Goldberg argued that Ahmed's case received public attention “because of the political correctness angle,” claiming that public attention would be different if Ahmed had been wearing a Confederate flag t-shirt: JONAH GOLDBERG: But what drives me crazy is-- first of all, if this kid had a Confederate flag t-shirt, and brought in the same clock, it'd be very interesting how the culture would flip on this. I think the school-- HARRIS FAULKNER: How do you think the culture would flip on this? GOLDBERG: Well, then we'd be hearing about look, the school officials had to do what they had to do. In the days of mass shootings, and then the Colorado shooting, and blah blah blah, and South Carolina, and I would have sympathy for that. I don't think-- what drives me crazy, is that no one freaks out about the kids who are suspended for making a gun out of a Pop-Tart, or, you know, drawing something silly on a piece of paper. And everyone's rushing to defend this kid because of the political correctness angle. [Fox News, Outnumbered, 9/17/15; Media Matters, 9/17/15] Fox's Gallagher: Ahmed Wasn't “Forthcoming” Enough With Police. On the September 18 edition of Fox News' The Real Story with Gretchen Carlson, Fox contributor Mike Gallagher repeatedly compared Ahmed's homemade clock to a bomb, and suggested that the student should have been more “forthcoming” when he was interrogated by the police: MIKE GALLAGHER: The ABC affiliate in Dallas reports that the kid wasn't particularly forthcoming when the police were called. Let me give him a word of advice. When he goes to the White House for his clock-building summit with President Obama, he might want to leave that contraption behind because the U.S. Secret Service would have big problems with it. Did you see it? The thing doesn't look like a clock. GALLAGHER: We're told: see something, say something. Now, I guess if you see something-- ALAN COLMES: A clock? GALLAGHER: That looks like a clock? COLMES: A clock? A 14 year-old with a clock? GALLAGHER: Yeah, put that clock around your wrist, okay. Put it side by side by a real suitcase bomb, and it's hard to tell the difference. [Fox News, The Real Story with Gretchen Carlson, 9/18/15] Limbaugh: Obama Is Using This To “Characterize The United States As A Racist And Bigoted Country.” On the September 17 edition of The Rush Limbaugh Show, Limbaugh attacked President Obama for supposedly using Ahmed's experience to make his own “star shine a little bit brighter,” and blamed Ahmed and “zero-tolerance” school policies for fueling the arrest: RUSH: So the point here is that the effort is being made to blame school officials and the cops for Islamophobia here, and that is not what is going on. Zero-tolerance policies at schools, which are the direct result of previous incidents -- the zero tolerance is out of control, such as pretending to shoot a gun with your finger (that gets you sent home) -- is what's responsible here. It's just the latest example, and it's made to order for Obama, because here we have once again backlash against Muslims, you see? That's what this really is. So Obama will be able to make a speech about how dangerous this is, how unfortunate it is, how sorry it is. Innocent little 14-year-old Ahmed Mohamed has a brilliant science project, a brilliant clock, a new way of doing a clock. (Yeah, one looks just like a bomb in a briefcase.) Obama gets to bring him to the White House, make a star out of him, make Obama's star shine even brighter. And once again, the bottom line: Characterize the United States as a racist and bigoted country. [Premiere Radio Networks,The Rush Limbaugh Show, 9/17/15] National Review Online: “A Phony Case Of Islamophobia.” National Review Online correspondent Kevin D. Williamson declared Ahmed's controversial arrest to be “a phony case of Islamophobia,” and attacked President Obama and other public figures for expressing support for Ahmed, calling their actions “cheap moral preening,” and arguing that the story only received attention because it “can be used to further a story” about racism in the United States: The story immediately became ubiquitous not because of what actually happened -- boneheaded as that was -- but because it can be used to further a story that the media already want to tell: that the United States is morally corrupt and irredeemably racist; that Muslims are under siege; that “white privilege” blinds the majority of Americans to the corruption at the heart of everything red, white, and blue. Muslim kid meets paranoia in Texas is A-1 copy; NRA-wearing kid meets paranoia in West Virginia, not so much. President Barack Obama, never one to miss an opportunity for cheap moral preening, invited Mohamed to the White House. [National Review Online, 9/17/15] Breitbart Editor: “Race Grifters Unite.” Breitbart.com Editor-At-Large John Nolte argued that the public attention given to the role of race in Ahmed's case was the work of “shameless opportunists,” and compared Ahmed's experience to examples of “hysterical Zero Tolerance school policies,” such as a student suspended for violating school dress code, praying, and saying “God bless you”: Naturally, these shameless opportunists expressed zero outrage when a fifth-grader, a full four years younger than Ahmed, was arrested and charged with brandishing a weapon for bringing a toy gun on a school bus. Why would they? There's no political upside for the Left unless you can scream racism. Then there was the 7 year-old boy suspended for a Pop Tart Gun. Once again: No political upside, no media uproar, no White House invite. Then there was the 5th grade girl who was searched by school officials for possessing a paper gun. No political upside means no media uproar and no White House invite. [Breitbart.com, 9/16/15] The Federalist Editor: #IStandWithAhmed Is About “Pretend Islamaphobia.” Senior editor of The Federalist, David Harsanyi, argued that public support for Ahmed was “selective concern trolling” to create the perception that discrimination against Muslims is a pervasive problem in American life: So a story that perfectly illustrated the tendencies of overbearing school administrators is now transformed into a teachable moment about “Islamophobia.” And blowing up a nonevent is a way to create the perception that discrimination against Muslims is a pervasive problem in American life. In the real world, though, the preponderance of victims of jumpy teachers are not Muslims. But those cases do not provide Vox or the White House with the fodder they need for some self-satisfying lecturing. [The Federalist, 9/17/15] Townhall Columnist: Ahmed “Created An Environment That Required The Teachers To Act.” Townhall columnist Jim Hanson claimed the school was being unfairly “slurred as Islamophobic” and placed the blame on the 14-year-old Ahmed for “bring[ing] something to school that causes questions to be asked,” and on “nanny state, zero tolerance policies.” Hanson compared Ahmed's clock to pictures of an Iranian-made improvised explosive device (IED) trigger, calling it a “dead ringer” for triggers used on homemade bombs the author saw in Iraq: The latest outrage being used to promote the false narrative about unfair treatment of Muslims is the teenager, Ahmed Mohamed, in Irving Texas arrested for bringing a homemade clock to school. If you just skimmed the surface and saw the picture of the skinny nerd in the NASA t-shirt in handcuffs it would be easy to see a problem. And there is one, but it's not discrimination against a Muslim kid that wouldn't have happened to a non-Muslim. It's nanny state, zero tolerance policies that take away the ability to apply common sense to complicated situations. In this case, whether or not to put cuffs on a 14 year old when he brings something to school that causes questions to be asked. But as far as the other question, was the clock device he brought to school a legitimate cause for concern, the answer is an unequivocal yes. I have built and taught classes on improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and the clock he brought to school is a dead ringer for the trigger used on many of these homemade bombs. [Townhall.com, 9/17/15] Breitbart Contributor: Arrest Happened “Because Of Zero Tolerance Policies, Not Islamophobia.” Breitbart contributor Merrill Hope argued that the blame for Ahmed's treatment rested with the Irving Schools Code of Conduct, and lamented the “Islamophobic narrative” she claimed was perpetuated by President Obama and Hillary Clinton's public support for Ahmed: Once the predominantly Islamophobic slanted story broke nationally, outpourings of support for Mohamed exploded on social media. In response, Ahmed Mohamed milked the PR spin. He tweeted: "Thank you for your support! I really didn't think people would care about a muslim boy. #Thankyouforstandingwithme. #IStandWithAhmed. Not long after, Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton tweeted out her two cents on social media on the Islamophobic narrative. Not to be outdone, President Barrack Obama also jumped on the bandwagon and invited young Mohamed to the White House. [Breitbart.com, 9/16/15] Infowars: Notion That Mohamed Was Treated Differently Because Of Race Is “Completely Bogus.” At Infowars, Editor-At Large Paul Joseph Watson claimed that Ahmed's story gained attention because of the “trendy” fact that the student is Muslim and called the notion that Ahmed's race or religion played a factor in his treatment “completely bogus”: 14-year-old Ahmed Mohamed built a clock to impress his teacher but ended up in handcuffs after police were called over concerns the object resembled a bomb. The leftist media and social justice warrior 'virtue signallers' immediately leapt on the story to claim that Mohamed was targeted because he was a Muslim (and not because his “clock” looked nothing like a clock and more closely resembled a bomb in a briefcase). Never wasting an opportunity to ingratiate himself with the politically correct crowd, Obama reached out to Ahmed and invited him to visit the White House. The notion that white kids wouldn't be treated the same way and that Ahmed was only targeted because of his skin color or religion is completely bogus. Innumerable non-Muslim kids have been disciplined, suspended and even SWAT-teamed for objects far less concerning than Ahmed's clock. To the left, defending American kids who are persecuted for wearing Old Glory just isn't trendy enough, but if a Muslim called Mohamed gets in trouble for bringing something that resembles a bomb to school, liberals are falling over themselves to worship him. [InfoWars.com, 9/17/15] Breitbart's Ben Shapiro: Ahmed's Experience “Stinks with Leftist Exploitation.” Breitbart's Senior Editor-At-Large Ben Shapiro pushed a theory that Ahmed's father, who he called “an anti-Islamaphobia media gadfly,” exploited his son's experience to push a message of widespread Islamophobia: Again, where was the engineering teacher to vouch for Mohammed's story? Why didn't Mohammed simply explain himself? The police said that initially, it was “not immediately evident” that the clock-in-a-case was a class experiment - perfectly plausible, given that Mohammed built the clock-in-a-case voluntarily, without assignment, and in conjunction with no science fair. [Breitbart.com, 9/18/15] The Daily Caller: “Don't Bring A Clock To School Unless It Looks Like a Clock.” Associate editor of the Daily Caller, Scott Greer, blamed Ahmed for his own arrest, arguing that the teenager “should have had the good sense” to keep his clock put away: Of course, if it was just a clock Mohamed brought to show off to a teacher, the school was out of bounds. But the young engineer should have had the good sense to follow that teacher's advice and put it away. If it was intended as a bomb prank, then the school was justified in its actions. People who yell “Bomb!” at an airport get hauled off to jail. There's no great injustice in sending Mohamed to juvie for an hour and giving him a three-day suspension for doing the same thing. We live in a dangerous world, and not even schools are safe from the devastation. We can't demand zero tolerance policies to keep schools safe, but then at the same time demand exceptions for protected classes. Until the day that our society can rest assured that students won't try to kill their fellow classmates at school, we'll have to live with Mr. Mohamed getting suspended for three days over a clock. [The Daily Caller, 9/18/15]
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In the early 1850s, Wiremu Te Rauparaha and Matene Te Whiwhi, both with connections to Raukawa, were at the forefront of discussions about establishing a Māori King. As the Raukawa chief, Hitiri Te Paerata, explained in 1888, the Kīngitanga movement was considered by some to be the best way to deal with problems relating to the way ancestral lands were being alienated. These problems included, among other things, the low prices the Crown paid for Māori land, insufficient acknowledgement of chiefly mana, and the chiefs’ ability to sell “lands belonging to the people”. Hitiri said that in supporting the Kīngitanga, Māori wanted “to set up a head whose mana was to overshadow the land and protect it”. Raukawa was drawn into the movement through their whakapapa connections to other tribal groups and because of the benefits the Kīngitanga promised for Māori. In 1856, at the Hīnana ki Uta, Hīnana ki Tai hui at Pūkawa, Māori present agreed that a King was needed to rule over a confederation of tribes. In 1858, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero was selected for the role. Kingiitanga – Paraone Gloyne, Robert Joseph and Des Tata The Crown came to view the Kīngitanga movement as a challenge to the Queen’s sovereignty and sought to undermine the mana of the King. In May 1861, Governor Thomas Gore Browne demanded iwi of the Waikato accept the Queen’s authority and obey her laws. In return, the Governor reaffirmed the Crown’s commitment to the protection of Māori possession of their lands and property as set out in the Treaty. He demanded that Māori be able to sell land to the Crown without interference from others, and permit roads and bridges to be built when required. In September 1861, having returned to power, Governor Grey soon put forward his proposals for “new institutions” that would give Māori a greater role in local administration and which were in part designed to restrict the appeal and influence of the Kīngitanga. Following the wars of the 1860s, the Crown sought to detach Raukawa from the Kīngitanga. While the Kīngitanga opposed the construction of roads and the work of surveyors within Te Rohe Pōtae, from the early 1870s the Crown sponsored these activities within the parts of the Raukawa takiwā that lay outside of Te Rohe Pōtae. After intense negotiations in the early 1870s, some of Raukawa accepted the Crown’s request to construct roads, but others remained loyal to King Tāwhiao Raukawa were effected by the New Zealand wars in three main theatres, Taranaki, Waikato and Tauranga. The most notable battle encompassed Ō- Rākau in 1864, plus the British army campaigns in Tauranga which included the battles of Gate Pā and Te Ranga (also 1864). In addition to these theatres of war, Raukawa were effected by the conflict between the Crown and Te Kooti in 1869-1870. In regards to the Waikato war, Crown forces invaded the Waikato on 12 July 1863 when General Cameron and his army crossed the Mangatawhiri stream into the Waikato proper. “On 9 December 1863, the British army occupied Ngāruawāhia and the situation in the Waikato became even more threatening. Kīngitanga forces retreated further south and did their best to construct a new defensive line to prevent the British army from reaching their main objective, the rich farming land around Rangiaowhia. ” Rangiaowhia was vitally important to the people of the area because it was a centre of economic growth and trade. The market gardens supplied much of the produce sold in Auckland and afar. Raukawa believe that when the Crown attacked Rangiaowhia on 21 February 1864, a massacre of refugees and non-combatants occurred. Accounts of the massacre saw Crown forces including militia unload a barrage of gunfire into the village, trapping the villagers within their whare. The battle at Ō-Rākau began in earnest on the 31 March 1864 and concluded on the 2 April 1864. Leading the first British attack on Ō-Rākau was Brigadier-General G. J Carey, who was met with heavy resistance from the pā. Waikato Campaign – Robert Joseph, Nigel Te Hiko, Paraone Gloyne, Anthony Pecotic, Kiriupokoiti Heke (Koro Gin) “It became a forlorn hope with us; none expected to escape, nor did we desire to; were we not all the children of our parent? Therefore, we all wished to die together.” After failing to take the pā through a direct assault, Carey decided to lay siege to it. General Cameron arrived boosting the Crown’s forces to well over 1400 troops that fully surrounded the pā. By the 2 April 1864, it became clear that the pā would fall. This prompted Cameron to offer terms of surrender. Afterwards, some of the Raukawa survivors made their way south towards the safety of the King Country or to Taupō. Others made their way to Tauranga, where they unfortunately found themselves in the middle of a further theatre of war. Established under the Native Lands Act 1865, the function of the Court was to determine the ownership of Māori land and provide Crown title to defined areas. The Native Land Court was introduced into the Raukawa takiwā in 1866 at a time of uncertainty and amongst economic and social disruption. It was a time of undeclared peace between Raukawa and the Crown. The initial sittings of the new Native Land Court effectively continued on from the sitting of the earlier Compensation Court which was tasked with determining which groups were, or were not, in ‘rebellion’ against the Crown. And therefore, who was eligible for compensation from land confiscation. This transition affected the way Raukawa saw the Court, and how the Court saw Raukawa. As a result, Raukawa was often absent from the early hearings or did not identify themselves as Raukawa in fear of Crown retribution. Some of the great Raukawa leaders who should have led the claims, had died during the wars. Others observed the edict of King Tāwhiao who forbade attendance at the Court. Those Raukawa who did attend the Court hearings were often prevented from doing so by Hauhau followers (Hauhau were militant sections of the iwi opposed to what they saw as Crown intrusion into their lands). This resulted in Raukawa not presenting evidence in key cases. Native Land Court – Interviewees: Nigel Te Hiko, Chris McKenzie From the 1870s, cadres of Auckland based, political figures with access to large sums of money formed speculative land companies principally to purchase large tracts of Māori land within the Raukawa takiwā. Some of these companies raised capital on the London market to speculate on the sale of Māori land to settlers. Only a few intended to settle in the area. Between 1873 and 1877, the private acquisition of interests in much of the Raukawa lands was restricted when the Crown suspended the operation of the Native Land Court because it became concerned over potential disturbances to the peace. In 1875, the Crown had begun to purchase the interests of the private parties and by 1877 begun taking steps to achieve large scale purchasing throughout the Central North Island. This included making private dealings in the Pātetere unlawful. This put Raukawa in a very difficult situation as the prices paid by the Crown were less than those offered through private purchase. Further problems for Raukawa arose. Reportedly, Raukawa brought land into the Native Land Court in which they attended and participated in hearings. They incurred substantial debt through this process which resulted in the sale of land to cover the rising debt. During the late 1870s, the Crown endeavoured to acquire the remaining Raukawa interests in Pātetere lands (Mangakaretu, Huihuitaha, Pokaiwhenua, Tokoroa and other blocks). New Zealand Company Incorporated – Date 1841 News article dated June 19 1839 As a result of debt escalating, shortage of funds and failure of the Native Land Court to determine titles on land blocks, the Crown only purchased a small portion of the Pātetere lands. In 1879, the new government decided not to pursue the purchase of Pātetere lands and in January 1880 the Minister of Native Affairs indicated to one group of Auckland financiers and their agents that the Crown would withdraw from purchasing Pātetere once the money it had advanced to Māori had been recouped. The Government wanted the advances paid to Raukawa and its earlier purchase of the private interests in this land repaid in cash or in land. In calculating what Raukawa owed, the Government included other costs in addition to advances made to Raukawa, including portions of the salaries of its agents and it repeatedly refused to show its accounts to Raukawa. By 1881, the Crown lifted all restrictions on private dealings in Raukawa lands, leaving Raukawa to the predations of large syndicates and speculators. As a result, by the late 1880s Raukawa lands alienated by sale topped 441,703 acres. Raukawa land alienations continued into the 20th century as the Crown applied the Public Works Act. 20th Century Pressure/Pouakani – Nigel Te Hiko In fact, the Public Works Acts in conjunction with the Native Lands Acts of the 1880s and 1900s had significant adverse effects on the iwi, the subsequent recovery from these Acts has been a long and difficult struggle. The 1928 Public Works Act provided for the return of lands no longer required for public works, but later amendments discriminated against Raukawa and other Māori by excluding iwi lands from an offer back clause and allowed it to be used for “secondary purposes”. Those lands offered back under the Act were often beyond the financial capacity of the iwi to purchase, thereby prejudicing Raukawa from development of the land. Raukawa lands along the upper Waikato River were taken under the Acts including various wāhi tapu sites, papa kāinga, urupā and other wāhi taonga within the takiwā. Much of the takings were affected with limited consultation or without notification, which severely prejudiced Raukawa whānau, hapū and the iwi. The Arapuni hydroelectric power station, completed in 1929. One of the most significant Crown breaches was the loss of Raukawa ownership of what became known as the Pouakani block. This resulted from various Crown purchasing practices and the works of the Native Land Court. This action meant the loss of 20,000 acres from Raukawa and the land exchanged in 1915 between the Crown and the Wairarapa people. During the mid-20th century, the Crown undertook significant hydroelectric development along the Waikato River. This included the construction of seven dams up and down the river During this time, with the increased infrastructure within what was once difficult to access lands, some Wairarapa people began to settle within the area. The presence of another iwi with no ancestral connection to the land being gifted Crown title of what was once Raukawa lands has been a significant and ongoing hurt to Raukawa. This hurt compounded the effects of other harms that Raukawa were already suffering such as the loss of tribal identity, language and the diminishing of the iwi economy. In 1999, representatives of the original owners of the Pouakani Block, (which included Raukawa members) signed a Deed of Settlement to address particular grievances arising from the impact of the Native Land Court and Crown having purchased land in this block. However, this settlement did not address issues associated with the Wairarapa Moana land swap. As a result, issues associated with the Pouakani block had to be picked up again by the RTB and continued into the wider settlement negotiations. ‘The Pouakani Report 1993 / Image courtesy of the Department of Justice Throughout the 20th century, the Crown built several Hydroelectric Power Scheme developments along the Waikato River from Taupō through to Karāpiro. The first of these was a privately built dam at Horahora in 1913 and then at Arapuni in 1929. In 1947, the Karāpiro Dam was commissioned followed by Whakamaru in 1956. From a Raukawa perspective, the Crown’s weighting towards national interests rather than the specific interest of Iwi in a fair and equitable manner, resulted in the alienation of significant acres of Raukawa land. The Hydro-Electricity Power Scheme developments submerged Raukawa lands containing a number of Raukawa wāhi tapu, urupā, papakāinga and farmland by altering the flow of the upper Waikato River. The impact of the Hydro-Electric Power Schemes in the Raukawa Rohe has seen the significant degradation to flora and fauna. It also meant the destruction of Raukawa traditional wāhi and resources including mahinga kai, such as tuna because of the change in the natural flow of the River and build-up of nitrates from surrounding agriculture. 20th Century Pressure/Hydro Electricity – Nigel Te Hiko, Miriata Te Hiko In addition, while compensation was available and granted to farmers in Karāpiro, Raukawa people who applied for compensation for submerged land were not considered by the Crown as being important and of value to the national interest. This was the case in respect of a Raukawa whānau, evicted from their home and lands at Orakei Korako as a direct result of the building of the dam at Ōhākurī. In the late 1950s, the government’s hydro-generation scheme extended to include the building of a dam at Ōhākurī, south of the village of Atiamuri. The government expected that the rising waters of the Waikato River would destroy the tranquil settlement of Orakei Korako, where the Wharekawa whānau had lived and worked for generations. The government acquired the land under the Public Works Act forcing the whānau to leave. “I was a young woman when my parents were informed by members of the Ministry of Works that the Waikato River would be raised as a result of the dam at Ohakuri. The officials told my parents that the land at Orakei Korako would be flooded and that our house, our home would be destroyed. As a result of the dam being built, my parents were forced to move from Orakei Korako. My parents were both elderly at this time. The compensation offered to them by the government was inadequate to house them and provide for their needs. My parents were offered housing in Ministry of Works camps in Rotorua and Mangakino, however government officials running the camps called them ‘Cuckoos’ because they believed them ‘undesirable to have in their camps’. My father refused to move from Orakei Korako and was taken from his home late at night and placed on the back of a Ministry of Works truck. The last sight he saw was of his home being set ablaze by a government official. He was distraught as driving away he watched his house burn to the ground. My parents were promised a home to move into. This however turned out to be a rental property in Taupō. For the first time in their lives, my parents had to pay rent, a concept that they did not fully understand. They were both elderly, living on a small pension with no other money to help supplement their income. I remember my parents’ heartbreak as they passed away in a home that was not theirs.” The following timeline charts the progression of Raukawa as an Iwi Henry Williams CMS climbs top of Mt Pohaturoa. Holds first sermon in the area at Atiamuri. A whare named “Rongopai” is built commemorating event. Central North Island Raukawa do not sign the Treaty of Waitangi. Raukawa ki te tonga chiefs Mātene Te Whiwhi and Tamihana Te Rauparaha seek support for the establishment of a Māori King. Begin a series of hui-ā-iwi to choose a King. At a hui- ā-iwi at Pukawa, Pōtatau of Waikato is nominated to be King. Raukawa support his nomination. Pōtatau crowned first Māori King. Raukawa chiefs are among his closests advisors. Paerata warns Pōtatau of the Crown’s intention to build roads and to survey the Rohe Pōtae. Crown invades the Waikato. Raukawa remain apart from the conflict as northern Waikato refugees flood into the area. Crown attacks the peaceful village of Rangiaowhia killing women and children. While seeking refuge in a church, the church catches fire with the people trapped inside. Crown attacks the unfinished pā at Ō-Rākau. 300 Māori, men, women and children defend pā against 1500 elite imperial and colonial forces. Raukawa join forces with Tauranga iwi to fight at Pukehinahina and Te Ranga. Raukawa continue to oppose Crown during the “Bush Campaigns” along the Kaimai. Crown introduce Native Land Court in the Raukawa takiwā. Maungatautari land block comes before the Cambridge Court. Raukawa are excluded from the Maungatautari titles resulting in decades long dispute. Native Land Courts suspended as a result of the presence of Te Kooti within the area. Te Kooti is tracked to Tāpapa, but eludes Crown forces thanks to aid from Raukawa allies. He hides in the Kaimai before returning to the safety of Te Urewera. Royal Commission into Taupōnui-a-Tia West block orders rehearing of case. Pouakani is reheard (excluding the 20,000 acres awarded to the Crown). Wairarapa Māori are swapped land at Pouakani 1 for Lake Wairarapa and associated lands. Wairarapa Māori do not move onto land. Crown commences hydro-electricity development schemes along the Waikato River. Dams are built and lands are flooded. Marae dam and support town at Mangakino built. Wairarapa Māori move onto lands at Pouakani. Raukawa Trust Board established by Raukawa kaumātua. Wai 443 claim lodged. Raukawa sign the CNI Forest Deed of Settlement at parliament. Raukawa Settlement Trust established. Raukawa receive redress from the CNI deal. -Raukawa sign the Waikato River Co-Management deal at Whakamaru. Raukawa hold the Puāwaitanga o Raukawa; Raukawa Reconciliation Day with Minister Finlayson and local Member Louise Upston. June 2, Raukawa sign the Raukawa Claims Deed of Settlement. Raukawa Historical Claims Settlement Act passes into law.
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The coffin he was carrying behind him was opened, and the overwhelming corpse and evil aura was surging.But he was imprisoned. Of course, that record is very vague, and no one knows exactly what happened. Anyone else would be a little sluggish. Even though Lei Mingyuan is the genius of Lei Di Mountain, he is just a minor role in front of a legendary figure like Jun Xiaoyao.Haha, Cang Yue, can t you find average penis size for a 14 year old male any help You actually brought an outsider human race with you, and his cultivation level is still at the Heaven reaching realm. If Jun Xiaoyao could kill Long Aotian directly, it would save her much effort.Colorful flames surged out, drowning the Son of Darkness. The Golden winged Little Peng King is actually a Golden winged Dapeng.It would be fine if he just defeated them, but now he is carrying them like this, which makes them lose their face. If the seven layers of seals come out at the same time, it is said that even immortals can be sealed.Young Master Li Xin, Ah Jiu and others did not want Jun Xiaoyao to be involved in danger. The more she thought about it, the more she felt something was wrong.she snapped angrily. Long Aotian looked as embarrassed as a dog in front of Jun Xiaoyao, but now he was showing off his power. Could it be Yes, he is back Many young people from the Jun family were so excited that their eyes were slightly red and is penis size based on genes their hearts were racing If anything, who else could beat Princess Longji It must be that one You are Princess Longji s breasts rose and fell, and her heart was extremely uneasy.One person is the supreme genius of the Ten Domains of Eternal Burial Earth and the leader of the Ten Little Kings. Forget it, let s digest the opportunities here first.At the same time, a body of immortal energy emerged and wrapped around his body. Each domain has a burial emperor who serves as the domain lord.Today, Soul Burial Mountain is extremely lively. The dark mountains stretch into the distance. The ancient corpse stretched out his hands, and the nails on his ten fingers were as sharp as black spikes, cutting through the void and killing Jun Xiaoyao.A flash. Overlord He had also heard this title before, and it did not refer to a single person, but to the strongest person in the Tyrant body lineage. It was as if he used Wu Mingyue to defeat Xiao Chen.The geniuses of the Dragon Clan present were all stunned. Could it be that the Jun family, which has steel supplements hard af always been domineering, has become cowardly this time Just when everyone was confused, Wangchuan appeared.They turned their heads and saw the handsome young man in white clothes with a face as cold as steel supplements hard af frost. Moreover, there is a field restriction above Soul Desolating Cliff, so it is impossible to leap.Are you worthy of saying such a thing There were many geniuses present. Her arrogance was higher than anyone else s, so she naturally didn t want to be 4 inch penis size Force Penis Growth suppressed by Jun Xiaoyao like this.Anyone who doesn t have two brushes is a monk with foundation steel supplements hard af and ability. That s almost it. Next, we need opportunities and some accumulation to step into the ninth level of Tongsheng.Brother Aotian, the slave family misses you very much. This pass is called Yumen Pass. However, Jun Xiaoyao and Mu Yuehan were not planning to enter Yumen Pass.None of the younger generation can threaten him. This is true even for the descendants of the great emperor, the youngest son of the ancient emperor, and the heirs of the hidden world. Jun Xiaoyao smiled. Young Master is so handsome, sister, what should I do if Xiaoxue seems to like him a little bit Below, Cang Xue raised her little head and looked at Jun Xiaoyao standing on the sky, her eyes full of colors and stars.Let s go The holy disciple s eyes were horrified and he took advantage of the situation to leave with a hint of unwillingness. Oh, is this how you treat the master who saved you Jun Steel Supplements Hard Af Steel Supplements Hard Af Xiaoyao smiled.What, haha, it s true that newborn calves are not afraid of tigers. From now on, when you fall into the Palace of Gods, I, the Son of God, will kill every one of you 4 inch penis size Force Penis Growth Tuoshe Ancient Emperor Flame burst out from Jun Xiaoyao s arm.Is it. a bronze compass Jun Xiaoyao s eyes flashed. Does this mean that one of the legendary Seven Mysteries, the The Sandpiper Inn Bronze Immortal Palace, will appear Jun Xiaoyao never forgets the Bronze Immortal Palace. This power is already very terrifying. steel supplements hard af It s enough to start an immortal war with other immortal forces.When she figures does gaining weight decrease penis size it out in the future, she will come back obediently. Among the four young kings of Immortal Steel Supplements Hard Af Ancient, only Li Qiushui is left.How is that possible, you The genius of the eight armed spider demon clan looked horrified. Imagine that a strong steel supplements hard af woman who has only been heard in legends suddenly appears and kills the creatures of the same world for the sake of an outside talent.This is naturally because Jun Xiaoyao has who sells extenze pills gone his own way. Because he had already found out that Jiang Shengyi was relatively close to the Li people.Xiaoyao. Jun Zhantian and others also clenched their palms slightly. What The Fallen Feather Saint raised his eyebrows. He did not expect that the other two followers would die.That figure was what is the race that like small penis size a handsome young man with blond hair, golden dragon horns growing on his forehead, and fair skin, looking like a god of light. The Jun family actually has some background It s the Taixuan Ancestor who has awakened Jun Tianming also smiled The Sandpiper Inn when he saw this scene.It Steel Supplements Hard Af is rumored that he has the bloodline left by the ancient Pluto flowing in his body, and he can summon the demons of the underworld to fight for him, and he also possesses all kinds of extremely terrifying Pluto powers. I wonder how they should respond Don t forget, there is a forbidden first generation in Zulong Nest who has not come out. It is the ancient cicada of the Tianchan clan. It can be said that Gu Chanzi is the absolute core of this regicide plan.Buddha and daughter in Xiaoxitian There are sons and daughters of Buddha in Xiaoxitian. There are also many people who think of Jun Xiaoyao.In other areas, there are opportunities that are steel supplements hard af not weaker than Immortal Gudao Lake. The old blind man said with a smile. What s the matter Jun Xiaoyao was curious.They were beaten until they coughed up blood and retreated. And at this moment, a An attack of this magnitude, even if it were the Fallen Feather Saint Son, would probably take off a layer of skin.The Son of the Fallen God, the Son of the Dark God, and the Prince of the Underworld all died in Jun Xiaoyao s hands. The Holy Steel Supplements Hard Af Quran, God, will use your power to destroy the heretics the saints were chanting.The fight for hegemony in the Immortal Ancient World has officially begun. That dragon claw actually struck across the Immortal Realm.Especially seeing that Princess Long Ji really became Jun Xiaoyao s mount, Long Aotian was even more furious. Jun Xiaoyao suddenly turned to Jiang Daoxu, cupped his hands deeply and said, Grandpa, I m sorry, it was all my grandson s recklessness that not only caused the Jiang family and Wang family to be unhappy, but also caused Grandpa to lose the Nine Wonderful Reincarnation Immortal Grass.It can only be said that these ancient immortal chinese male enhancement pills just released chinese creatures do not have eyes. Of course it s blood for blood, life for life Jun Xiaoyao also put on the gloves of the Holy King of Thanos.It is still what is the best fast acting male enhancement pills impossible to fight against the three immortal Apple Juice For Penis Growth forces. Jun Lingcang pushed with both palms, as if pushing a millstone of life and death.In the cauldron, the powerful mother energy of all things is rolling. So as long as the Golden winged Xiaopeng King is honest, he won t have time to kill him.Of course, this is to get rid of those ancient freaks who have not yet been born, as well as the descendants of the great emperor, the youngest son of the ancient emperor, etc. It s okay. With cousin Xiaoyao s strength, the two of them can t pose any threat.But Jun Xiaoyao has been tempering his soul with the Chaos God Grinding Concept since he was a child. Jun Xiaoyao also showed a look of surprise and said It turned out to be just a little injured.Jun Xiaoyao, I, the Young Emperor, remember this. The Immortal Ancient World will give you a defeat After saying this, Wang Teng s spiritual body collapsed into endless points of light and dissipated into the void. And Jun Xiaoyao, sitting cross legged on the nine heavens, was like a god coming to explain the principles of heaven and earth, which aroused resonance.Elder. Sincerely surrender to this Son of God and work for this Son of God, what you will get will be a broad and bright future. No matter what happens to Li Xin in the future, at least for now, there is only one word to describe their situation.It turned out to be a close match. Damn it. Jun Mulan felt extremely unhappy. She is indeed very strong, but the Son of Darkness is not just a cat or dog that can be killed casually. Those who should be overbearing are still overbearing Those who should be arrogant are still arrogant Jun Xiaoyao has developed an invincible Taoist heart.Jiang Shengyi s delicate body trembled, her heart felt numb, and an indescribable feeling of touch and joy surged into her heart. This is simply an impossible miracle This ray of physical immortal energy is such a blessing to me that it is simply beyond words.Jun Xiaoyao, instead of letting you die first, it is better for you to become the last of the Jun family s geniuses to fall, and then let you die in endless pain Long Aotian said with hatred in his heart. Of course, Princess Longji is not a fool. She knows that the genius of the Wind Spirit Tribe may have found other companions.Jun Xiaoyao s move completely shocked all living beings When you sign in at the beginning of the ancient holy body, blood is flowing in the sky, and the earth is shaking When the Supreme One falls, various strange phenomena will occur. All kinds of terrifying magical powers were released, and the whole world was boiling.This violent fluctuation caused huge waves in all the lakes. Immediately, it slowly disappeared into the void. The Bronze Immortal Palace disappeared.Qingyun was stunned, as if he had been struck by lightning. A Supreme Being was directly slapped off his head. Everyone s eyes were focused on the charming and beautiful jaguar 35000 male enhancement reviews woman.The whole figure is shrouded in endless Steel Supplements Hard Af light, as if the emperor of heaven has come to this world. Li Xian and others didn t mind. In Penis Growth Pills Work public, everyone must be treated equally, and Jun Xiaoyao steel supplements hard af couldn t favor the Li people.Because among the other geniuses, few are better than Long Penis Growth Pills Work Aotian. Oh my god, how come all the geniuses of the ancient royal family have united together Looking at their direction, they should be heading towards the Xuantian Mountains.But this kind of small grudge is nothing at all in the eyes of big shots. Mei er, you mean, I m not as good as Jun Xiaoyao The veins on Long Aotian s forehead were beating slightly.Do you want to seek your own death A woman from the Dragon Tribe had naked hatred in her eyes. But Steel Supplements Hard Af something that will refresh their outlook is still to come.After Jun Xiaoyao casually killed Ao Guang, Princess Long Ji got her wish and cut Ao Luan into thousands of pieces. And me Jiang Luoli raised her little hands. No, I am enough alone.In fact, when Long Aotian fled hastily, Long Bichi s Taoist heart had already Jun Xiaoyao reached out with one hand and directly grabbed the cloaked man in his hand. The Heavenly Spider Demon Lord fell to his death amidst roars and screams.There was another loud noise, and Jun Mulan s throat felt sweet, and she stepped back one after another. Everyone around was stunned. Who would have thought that Princess Long Ji, the ancient freak from the Zulong Nest, would actually one day become the mount of the Jun family s divine son.Seeing this scene, their expressions does covid vaccine enlarge penis changed drastically. But it doesn t mean that Jun Xiaoyao will let Hua Yuanxiu go.She Ji screamed and was knocked away. Her face was as pale as paper, she didn t dare to stay and fled in a hurry. Behind Jun Xiaoyao, the wings of freedom shook, and his body turned into a swift stream of light, flashing in front of Yan Rumeng.Jun Steel Supplements Hard Af Xiaoyao said. He raised his palm and slowly closed his fingers. Jun Lingcang didn t know what to say. Jiang Shengyi seemed to be too concerned about Jun Xiaoyao.Killing her is equivalent to saving a group of living beings. God knows how peaceful Jun Mulan felt when she saw Jun Xiaoyao appear.Tsk Blood was splattering. Yan Qingying s God Swallowing Demon Technique casually tore pornstar justice young penis size a dozen geniuses into steel supplements hard af pieces and refined them. After Bai Meier left, Jun Xiaoyao continued to heal Princess Long Ji.Originally, five holy guards were to be selected this time. Cang Yue also forgot to mention it before. Because she and Jun Xiaoyao acted together, who would have thought that Jun Xiaoyao would rush out without saying a word.The genius who has cultivated a line of immortal energy is considered a small giant in the imperial path. And following Jun Xiaoyao s preaching. Divine light began to spread around him.However, Jun Xiaoyao was not only that, he even used the Chaos Divine Mill. Ao Guang said. Ancient spiritual soil, forbidden land of heaven Long Aotian raised his eyebrows.Some people saw someone cleaning the fallen leaves on the ground in front of the Jade Buddha Mansion. Jun Mulan s cultivation has reached the late stage of the True God Realm, and with the blood of the God of War, her strength is even more terrifying.What the hell is this Their terrifying torrent, even the top geniuses in the late stage of True God Realm, would not dare to resist at will. Naturally, he also encountered many powerful enemies.Boy, I m warning you, don t let your strength slip away. Although this was not very honorable for the Burial Emperor, it was something that could not be helped.There was no way she could just sit back and watch Long Aotian chinese sex pills for men fall. For example, the previous Fallen Feather Clan, as a clan alone, would never dare to go against the Jun family.I am sure to win this Kunpeng s nest. Void Swordman clasped his hands behind his back. This Third Generation Immortal Sutra seems to be specially created for the third generation of Yuanshen.Everything he does goes smoothly, and no one dares to disobey him. Jun Xiaoyao, indeed, broke through three major realms in a short period of time in the lower realm.Many ancient immortal creatures were watching indifferently from a distance, whispering. Jun Xiaoyao has usurped their interests, so they naturally cannot have a good look towards Jun Xiaoyao. But the genius of the dragon race present didn t think so.In the Desolate Heaven Immortal Realm, has there ever been a scene where hundreds of saints surrounded and killed one saint This is simply a 4 inch penis size Force Penis Growth rare sight. It would be fine if he just defeated them, but now he is carrying them like this, which makes them lose their face.She came to the fairyland from the lower world, and the only thing she relied on was the skill of swallowing gods The Sandpiper Inn and demons. As for things like relationships, just let it happen.This shocked everyone s attention Panhuang Sword On the other side of the Panwu Divine Dynasty, many monks from the Divine Dynasty had their expressions frozen and their breathing stopped. So there is such a trick, no wonder the divine son of the Jun family didn t panic at all.The third in line of the Jun family, Jun Mulan, possesses the blood of the God of War. This. this is. Long Aotian was stunned again. By the way, the Son of God of the Jun family seems to have a secret method that can provide magic immunity to a certain extent.He wasn t sure if the ghost faced female burial emperor dhea benefits erectile dysfunction would help him, but he still had to ask. Mr. Jun, you are finally out of seclusion. Lang Huan s beautiful eyes flashed, and she was also surprised in her heart.Who would have thought that Jun Xiaoyao, who was slower than others, would still be walking in front of them now Perhaps the emperor s path in this life will really be steel supplements hard af led by the divine son of the Jun family. Many earth buried creatures feel powerless. In terms of talent and cultivation, he cannot compare to Jun Xiaoyao.However, how would he give Tian Ming Zhan Emperor a chance to survive If you dare to take action against Jun Xiaoyao, use of cialis for erectile dysfunction you must have the consciousness to erectile dysfunction due to smoking or alcohol risk your life Even the most powerful man is like this Seven Devil s Slashes, the Devil s Sword Li Xin held a horse cutting sword in both hands, and the law of destruction was wrapped around the sword. Emperor Qitian is indeed respectable. But. Jun Xiaoyao is full of youthful spirit and full of pride He believed that he would not be weaker than this ancestor.At the beginning, you sign into the ancient holy body, heaven and earth, and the spiritual creatures. The Void Sword Master rushed to the 12th level of the Imperial Road.He couldn t help but turned to the servant on the side and said, Uncle Gu, who is more handsome, me or that man Upon hearing this, the servant named Uncle Gu glanced at Mr. Everyone was confused and their mouths were dry. That s an imperial soldier.It was precisely because of this confidence that Jun Xiaoyao dared to do such a crazy move. Our Holy Spirit Academy is an academy that teaches and educates people.Although his cultivation is not the best, his effect is the greatest. Jun Xiaoyao s palm stopped in front of Wangchuan, only three feet away from his head.At this moment, Jun Xiaoyao suddenly noticed that there was a billowing heat flowing out of his body, and an unknown fire rose from his lower abdomen. You insulted the way of swordsmanship and are not worthy of practicing swordsmanship Void Swordsman said coldly.After I adjust my breath and adapt to the contemporary atmosphere of steel supplements hard af heaven and earth, I will go to the steel supplements hard af Jun family s divine son to settle the score. It s already this time, do you still feel shocked If that s the case, then I ll put you all in the pot.But now, Jun Xiaoyao is using one person s power to turn the tide and help the building from falling. Without the threat of the imperial soldiers, Princess Longji s momentum surged again, her whole body filled with awe inspiring anger and her breath was cold.Upon seeing this, the young prodigies of the Iron Bone Clan and the Green Ghost Clan also used their extreme speed to fly towards the Yin Yang Sacred Tree. It was obvious that he had considerable attainments in the art of space.Therefore, every continent is extremely lacking in spiritual energy, as if it has entered the Age of Ending Dharma. She was both ashamed and angry. Are you still dreaming Jun Xiaoyao tilted his head slightly, showing a speechless expression.Among them was Jun Xiaoyao s grandfather, Jiang Daoxu. But steel supplements hard af it doesn t mean steel supplements hard af that Jun Xiaoyao will let Hua Yuanxiu go.No need, sister Shengyi, don t you believe me Jun Xiaoyao declined with a smile. But Jun Xiaoyao gave Yan Rumeng an unfathomable feeling.You are my friends. Jun Xiaoyao said calmly. This was considered very polite and tactful. Strictly speaking, the two sisters are not even qualified to be Jun Xiaoyao s friends. It was a silent and majestic creature, with a metallic luster all over its body, without any blood or life breath.You can faintly see cracks spreading on the surface of Kunpeng s nest. Fang Xiu Niang giggled. Jun Xiaoyao is ashamed. Later, Jun Xiaoyao also asked about the saint s calamity.What are you talking about You are smiling so happily. The genius of the Ancient Witch Clan also got the news and headed to the Dragon Clan as quickly as possible.In front of him, the incomplete ancient sword, the giant bronze tower, the guardian talisman and other ancient artifacts all released their brilliance independently, and they also had a monstrous aura.
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Tuesday, March 7, we celebrate the Virgo Full Moon and the Pisces Solar Festival at 7:40 AM Eastern Time, in preparation for the Spring Equinox. This March the advent of the Spring season coincides with celestial heavyweights Mars, Saturn and Pluto all changing signs. Full Moon Over Winston Salem, February 2023, photo by Jane Sherry Since August 2022, when Mars entered Gemini, the warrior planet has been more or less square to Neptune in Pisces, creating a hyperkinetic, foggy mental atmosphere. That is a super long time for Mars to be in any one sign. Mars in Gemini wants to multi-task at work and socialize both online and in the real world - simultaneously. But the mind fog slows everything down, mistakes do happen, and tiny errors compound issues, creating mountains out of mole hills. That makes us susceptible to energy leaks, especially if we try to initiate anything at all important. It's very irritating, and it's been our experience that people have been cranky, a touch paranoid, and prone to make snap judgements they will later regret. This Full Moon looks like it could be the culmination of this long, unpleasant transit. The Pisces sun and the full moon in Virgo will square Mars in Gemini, creating a short-lived Mutable T-Square Tilt-A-Whirl of conflicting narratives, competing priorities, and general disequilibrium during this month of rapidly changing Cosmic Weather patterns.The neon whirlwind of hyperkinetic mental machinations will end when Mars enters Cancer on March 25th, just after the Spring Equinox. Mars will then be trine Neptune in Pisces, and also trine Saturn, which enters Pisces the day of the Full Moon, March 7th! So this Full Moon ushers in a five year period of Saturn/Neptune in Pisces energy, which will be dramatically different from the last few years in tone and consciousness. With this powerful duo in Pisces, the sign of the World Savior, we will be offered the opportunity for the slow dissolution of childhood traumas and ancient karmic wounds manifesting as stuck energy in the physical and emotional bodies. Expect endings in your life, as the Universe facilitates the releasing of people, places, and things that prevent you from expressing your spiritual nature, which Neptune in Pisces epitomizes. We should suddenly find ourselves in the flow, relationships should be more comfortable, and we should be able to make progress in all areas of life where we have felt thwarted. Don't push the river though, and be sure to seek intuitive spiritual guidance, because it will be readily available. For those on the spiritual path, this energy signature represents a golden opportunity to perform repeated rituals, meditations, and energy work designed to expand our consciousness. This is the positive aspect of Saturn's influence on this watery Neptunian cycle. Spiritual practices and subtle energy work will be amplified in power as we can more easily connect with intuitive spiritual guidance. Dreamy Neptune supports us as we envision new and completely different lifestyles. We will more easily learn to surrender the ego and transcend our rational materialist mental maps of the world as we renew our connection with the web of life around us. If we focus our attention with love on the web of life, we will be able to commune at will with the Elementals and Nature Spirits, Angelic presences and the Guides and Teachers who preside over our spiritual practices. in the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York City For those individuals and groups whose lived experience is an expression of the egoistic personality, Saturn in Pisces can trigger restrictive and reactive behavior based upon fears and phobias that originate in the shadowy realms of the personal and collective unconscious. The positive manifestation of this energy on the ego and rational mind is that the fear of making a mistake can focus our attention fully on verifying every tiny detail related to our work and our art. This can be an exceptionally helpful aspect enhancing the mental rigor required by scientists, engineers, medical professionals, and those in the healing arts generally. Energy healers, past life therapists, meditators, and depth psychologists will find that Saturn in Pisces supports efforts to plumb the hidden depths of the individual and collective psyche, to identify the source of hidden, unconscious fears and phobias, and to uproot and release the stuck energy that maintains these restrictive and oppressive negative emotions. Astrologers are predicting a sea change in global politics during the mid 2020s, based upon the history of previous Saturn-Neptune cycles. The conjunction of Saturn and Neptune historically has represented the manifestation of collective ideals in politics, religion, and art. The pungent scent of revolution permeates the ethers, and what had seemed immutable is shown to be ephemeral. What had seemed impossible becomes quotidien. Artists and poets commune with Nature, then produce prodigies of love that inspire generations to aspire to transcendence. The Saturn-Neptune conjunction in its positive manifestation involves using Saturnine persistence, determination, perseverance and discipline to manifest Neptunian dreams, visionary spiritual literature, art, music and performance. This powerful conjunction precipitates determination in the collective consciousness to take action to implement widespread changes in ossified social mores, authoritarian political systems and entrenched economic relations. Unfortunately, these collective impulses can, if partaking of too much Neptunian dreaminess, result in unrealistic goals and failed revolutionary agendas. NASA (composite image by Jcpag2012), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Neptune was discovered in 1846, just prior to a Saturn-Neptune conjunction. During the 1847-1849 Saturn-Neptune conjunction in Pisces, Romanticism peaked in the arts and literature. As a movement, Romanticism combined a deep reverence for nature with an affinity for the mysterious, the supernatural and the spiritual. Romantic writers, musicians and artists also held high political ideals, and supported revolutions to bring an end to aristocratic rule and elevate social democratic values. The chromatic operas of Richard Wagner and the expressionism of Verdi caught hold of the public imagination. Liszt, Mendelssohn, and Schumann captured the tempestuous emotional tonality of the moment, and expanded the vocabulary of musical coloration with virtuoso performances and compositions. Europe was convulsed in revolutionary upheavals during this conjunction. In 1847 the Communist League, the world's first Communist party was established in London. In 1848, Marx and Engels published The Communist Manifesto. During the period of 1847-1849, when Saturn and Neptune were conjunct in Pisces, anti-Imperial revolutions occurred in France, Austria and Hungary. King Louis-Phillippe of France was forced to abdicate and the Second Republic was born. A nephew of Napoleon, Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte was elected President in 1848, but the Republic was short lived. Louis Napoléon forcibly took power in 1852 and crowned himself Emperor. He would rebuild Paris and rule until 1870. Inspired by the French Revolution, workers and students in Austria revolted against the oppressive Austro-Hungarian Hapsburg Empire, resulting in the resignation of the legendary Foreign Minister Metternich. The Austrian Empire, ruled from Vienna, included Germans, Hungarians, Slovenes, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Serbs and more, all of whom rose up to attempt to break away from the Empire, and/or take over the Imperial role for themselves. Revolutionaries were divided into nationalist, liberal, and socialist factions. Emperor Ferdinand I attempted to placate the revolutionaries by offering a set of constitutional reforms, but Conservative forces brutally suppressed the revolutionaries and Ferdinand was ultimately replaced by Emperor Francis Joseph I. Hungarians revolted against the new Emperor in 1849, and despite the help of Russian forces, the revolutionaries were defeated by the Hapsburgs. Francis Joseph then divided the Empire into two kingdoms, Austria and Hungary. Meanwhile in Germany, which was then a loose confederation of 39 independent states, a revolution designed to consolidate these disparate small statelets into one German nation was led by two opposing factions, the bourgeois liberals and the working class. Radicals Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were involved in the creation of the short lived Frankfurt Assembly, which had been created to forge a true German nation state. Ultimately conservative aristocrats were able to overwhelm the divided revolutionary forces and the liberals were forced into exile, many of them settling in the United States. It was not until 1866 that a German state emerged on the world scene, ruled by the legendary General Bismarck. So as we can see, these revolutions of 1848 reflected widespread discontent with the rule of aristocrats throughout Europe by all the other classes of society. However, the revolutionaries were divided between liberal middle classes and radical working classes, and ultimately this led to their downfall. The revolutionaries' Neptunian ideals, which appeared in a variety of ideological flavors, failed to manifest their desired goals, because they could not exercise the Saturnian discipline required to unite opposed factions to achieve a common goal against a common enemy. At the next conjunction of Saturn and Neptune, in 1917, World War I was decimating armies across Europe. The Bolshevik Revolution overthrew the Russian Tzar, and the world's first Communist revolution took power. German Expressionist Art was ascendant at that explosive moment in history. Prior to World War I, European artists supported the conflict, hoping it would shatter the ossified hierarchical social structures they abhorred. After the intellectuals and artists of Europe were conscripted, sent to the front lines, and encountered the horrors of the First Industrial World War, many returned home wounded, and many suffered nervous breakdowns. Their previous pro-war positions did not survive the reality of these bloody experiences, and suddenly antiwar sentiments abounded, as expressed in the bold colors and jagged angles of George Grosz's painting entitled Explosion, which you can see above. Raphaël Thiémard from Belgium., CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons The current phase of the Saturn-Neptune cycle began with the conjunction of 1989, with the rise of people power and the fall of the Berlin Wall, which triggered the slow motion implosion of the Soviet Empire. In China, a similar people power uprising demanding democracy and freedom was met with unflinching repression during the Tiananmen Square massacre. Iraq invaded Kuwait the next year, triggering the First Gulf War in 1991. The First Gulf War was an unqualified success for American forces, who used shock and awe tactics to win a crushing victory over Iraqi forces. President George H.W. Bush and the American punditocracy declared the end of history, and the establishment of a unipolar global system of governance, based on the unquestioned dominance of an increasingly Imperial United States. Diva Battle Royal during Wrestlemania 25 at Reliant Park in Houston Texas 2009 Ed Schipul from Houston, TX, US, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons As we enter into the next Saturn-Neptune cycle this month, it's apparent that the previous cycle of unipolar American Imperial dominance is coming to a close. Numerous players on the world stage, including Russia, China and Iran, appear determined to directly challenge American global hegemony. History shows us that the struggle between the old order and the new one is likely to be messy, and the outcome uncertain. It's also probable that unless many challengers unite in a worldwide revolt to replace the globalized American system of military, financial and cultural dominance, they will most likely be unable to achieve their goals. On the other hand, the Imperial hegemon, America, is likely to be weakened by the struggle in ways that will alter the global balance of power over a period of years, and even decades to come. If history is any guide, America is likely to be forced to resort to military force abroad and Draconian repression at home to achieve its goal of remaining the unquestioned global ruler. Domestic politics during the coming Saturn-Neptune cycle are likely to resemble the European revolutions of 1848, when several different political groupings attempt to force dramatic changes to the existing system, but are unable to unite around common goals. Absent cohesive alliances among groups that see themselves as ideological and cultural rivals and enemies, it is very possible that the status quo can be preserved in some form after a messy and unpredictable series of revolts and social explosions that could easily resemble nothing so much as a World Wrestling Federation Battle Royale, such as the one pictured above. Henning Schlottmann (User:H-stt), CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons In the United States, during the Saturn-Neptune return, we can expect many political groupings will make more dramatic and decisive protests against the status quo. Environmentalists, woke liberals, working class nationalists, evangelical Christians and white supremacists are all extremely dissatisfied with the present political system, and they are all likely to express their displeasure in rebellions of various degrees of severity. Could we be in for a new version of the 1848 European revolutions in America? Perhaps, but given the decades of culture wars we've seen in America, and the increasing cultural polarization we see all around us, it's very unlikely these groups will unite to overthrow the present political system. They are all likely to create enough of a disturbance that the ruling elites will be forced to attempt to placate them, and eventually to repress them by any means necessary. Democratic Socialism appeals to approximately 49% of Millennial and Gen Z Americans, and appears once again to be creeping into US politics at the highest level, and Democratic Party politicians seem to be aware that the future American electorate will be more open to democratic socialist policies in the next couple of decades than at any time since the 1960s and 1970s. President Joe Biden's US Chips Act provides $50 billion in grants and loans to incentivize companies to onshore semiconductor manufacturing and spend money to design a new generation of computer chips. The money comes with directives to companies that require companies to refrain from further investment in China. Uploaded by Duk 08:45, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Surprising many in the US and Europe, Biden used the opportunity to extend some novel social welfare provisions to companies participating in the plan. Companies must provide “affordable, accessible, reliable and high-quality child care” to employees. Companies are required to provide for child care that is affordable even for low income households. Most dramatically, recipients of the money are “strongly encouraged” to sign collective bargaining deals with unions ahead of building new plants. These types of requirements represent a tentative break with the Reagan-Thatcher neoliberal consensus that unions should be crushed and the federal government should stay resolutely out of the business of micro-managing big business. This landmark legislation appears to be an attempt to appeal to both nationalistic sentiments and working class voters at the same time. The Democratic Party has been losing working class voters for decades, and especially working class voters with nationalistic ideologies, who have become the core of the Trump Republican base. No matter what happens in America, there will be momentous political uprisings around the world. During the last couple of years leading up to this month's momentous Saturn-Neptune in Pisces conjunction, environmental protests have occurred throughout Europe, in England, in China, and in America. In the next few years we are likely to see a substantial increase in environmental activism around the world, as more and more people are impacted by the extreme weather events driven by climate change. The next few years will most likely bring unexpected outbreaks of determined rebellion all across the globe, along with an explosion of artistic innovation, and an upsurge of interest in spirituality, the occult and the paranormal, as the Saturn-Neptune conjunction unfolds. If you're interested in some Neptunian escape as we approach the coming storm, here are a couple of creative works that epitomize the sensibilities of the new Saturn-Neptune in Pisces cycle, we've got a couple of movies to recommend for your viewing pleasure. Check out Triangle of Sadness, a hilarious surreal black comedy that won the Cannes Palme d'Or in 2022 for best picture. Click on the link above and start a free trial on Hulu to watch this gem. A luxury yacht peopled by a couple of Instagram influencers, a Marxist ship Captain, and a group of wealthy party goers encounters a storm and is boarded and sunk by sea pirates. Director Ruben Ostlund and stars Dolly De Leon and Sunnyi Melles The survivors, stranded on a bleak, jungly island, create a new social order headed by the maid who was in charge of the maids cleaning the toilets onboard. It's a 21st Century update of Louis Bunuel's surrealistic film classic The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie, incorporating Saturn-Neptune in Pisces themes including: sea storms, copious outpourings of various bodily fluids, gaslighting, dissolving social hierarchies, and stunning mental and emotional transformations. If such challenging fare does not appeal, you might enjoy Kardec, a moving, well-crafted Brazilian film about the life of Professor Leon Rivail, a skeptical scientific academic thinker who founded Spiritism in 19th century France, in the aftermath of the 1848 revolution, when the new Emperor was leading a counter-revolution in close partnership with the Catholic Church. "Under the suggestion of his spiritual guides, he published the books we now know to comprise the beginning of Spiritism under a name from a previous incarnation to ensure the works would stand on their own merit, and not on that of his sizable academic credibility," his official biography explains. "This would also serve another purpose: to unequivocally establish that the ideas and concepts contained in the basic books of Spiritism were the work of the communicating spirits and not of Rivail himself — a point further made clear in the title of Spiritism’s first work, The Spirits’ Book." Rivail, who was closely connected to the Theosophical Society, sold over 30 million books in Brazil alone. As we know, the Saturn-Neptune in Pisces cycle that coincided with the 1848 Revolution in France prefigures the upcoming Saturn-Neptune in Pisces cycle beginning this month. One of the characteristics of this cycle is an upwelling of interest in psychic phenomena, spiritism, and spirituality in general, along with a sharp conflict between traditional religion and spirituality based on direct experience. Curtis and Jane Selfie in Reynolda Gardens, February 2023 Jane and I affirm that you and your loved ones receive the grace and guidance you require to grow stronger in your spiritual practices during this long emergency. We affirm that you are given golden opportunities to achieve your spiritual and material goals as the veils thin during the coming years of the Saturn-Neptune conjunction in Pisces. Meditation Moment: Thanks, by W.S. Merwin with the night falling we are saying thank you we are stopping on the bridges to bow from the railings we are running out of the glass rooms with our mouths full of food to look at the sky and say thank you we are standing by the water thanking it standing by the windows looking out in our directions back from a series of hospitals back from a mugging after funerals we are saying thank you after the news of the dead whether or not we knew them we are saying thank you over telephones we are saying thank you in doorways and in the backs of cars and in elevators remembering wars and the police at the door and the beatings on stairs we are saying thank you in the banks we are saying thank you in the faces of the officials and the rich and of all who will never change we go on saying thank you thank you with the animals dying around us taking our feelings we are saying thank you with the forests falling faster than the minutes of our lives we are saying thank you with the words going out like cells of a brain with the cities growing over us we are saying thank you faster and faster with nobody listening we are saying thank you thank you we are saying and waving dark though it is W. S. Merwin at Ezra Pound's birth house, Hailey, Idaho, courtesy Wikimedia
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Scam letter(s) from Laura Stone to Tom (USA) thank you tom for the chart and how you make me feel tonigth it been long i felt this way .. i feel in my heart now .. well i will really love to know more about you and see where tht takes us to and i will really love to feel and have you a my man .. i will be looking forward to talk more with you tomorrow .. have nice day and a splendid day at work tommorrow adamari lopez my dearest tom Let me start by saying that I thank God every night since I found you. You came into my life when everything seemed so dark but you provided the light to find my way. I've never been so certain of anything in my life like I am of us. You have totally changed my outlook in life and I thank you for that. I never thought that someone could love me like you do, but guess what? I feel for you that much too. I feel as if I'm walking over clouds just thinking about you. You make my life complete. I know you've said we could do foolish things while in love, or into dep feeling for someone but you know what? With you I wouldn't mind being a fool for the rest of my life. I feel for you so much and I know you feeel same for me too. I know that others looking into our relationship might think that we're saying too many foolish things too soon but they just don't know how we feel about each other. There's nothing foolish about the things I've told you, I meant every word I said. i relly can't wait to touch and feel you in person and for you and ur parent i want to spend the rest of my day and nigth thinking and been close too you I would do anything, I love you both so much. Today I promise you that I would do anything in my power to make you a great person, outstanding father of our kids and loving husband for me . I LOVE YOU!! Adamari lopez SWEETHEART My Dearest, life can be cruel but when it all comes together there is no moment as sweet. That is how I feel about you entering my life. You have rekindled the flame called love in me. You have given one more reason to look forward to tomorrow. Now, you are a significant part of my life and I look forward to the day when we can make it permanent. I love you so much. I love you for your kindness, for your caring and giving nature, for your beauty - both inner and outer, and most of all I love you because you are you. The fact that you show me who you really are and not what you think I may want. Sweetie, let this letter be a testament to my true feelings for you. The whole world can see and know how I feel for you... and i want to spend the rest of my life letting you how i really feel about you dear you have ineeded brough sunshine to my life and i am really happy to have found you my baby .. i can't to be called adamari wayne I love you ADAMARI LOPEZ .. Some of the most superb feelings and tingling emotions come from what love an Angel, such as yourself, and I make. Our world, as we have come to see it, has no bearing and an infinite boundary when we are locked lips to lips. No one person can sever that bond of nothing but pure affection and intimate passion. We are the Angels of Our Heaven and with merely our names to live with. A name, which consists of nothing more than symbols of a language taken for granted. I would soon rather speak nothing. A true test of love of which we have accomplished merely by the elucidation in our eyes.Earth moves with such apathy that only Our Heaven can keep the pace of our devotion for one another. As slow as the heart beat of a goliath at rest. Why would the world seem so passive? I believe it is a chance for us to make our own time to spend together. It is love. It is what binds the thoughts of all beings trying to understand it. It appears that you and I have fallen into love, without having looked for it. This is Heaven and we are the Angels of Our Name.... darling How was I to know that you were watching me sleep? I awoke to see you laying there and just then, you smiled and said hi and that just melted me. I wish with all of my heart that I could wake to your beautiful eyes for the rest of my life. my love my heart... is yours now so, take care and tread lightly. I wish that I could be with you now as you face so many struggles, but know that I am there in spirit and am praying for everything to work out for you. No matter where this life takes us, together or not, know that you and your man .. husband.. and best friend will always be in my heart and "my favorite..i love u **** and that is till the end of time my love ...,i love you with everything **** and i am so sad tht i missed you today **** ,....but i will manage **** .. cos i know there is where i am going to meet you when i close my eye **** and tht pleace is my DREAM when i can as well hold and kiss ur gentle lips **** .. always bear in mind tht i love you **** ... i will forever Always Loving Adamari Lopez Here are a few things I wish to do with you at some point in this lifetime: Be your best friend. Get caught with you in the rain. Dance with you in the rain. Stargaze on a clear night. Watch the sunset together. Spend all day with you doing nothing. Moonlit walks on the beach. Be more proud of you than I already am at this very moment. Go on a carriage ride through the park. Do a crossword together. Go to brunch. Have a disagreement (it could/will only make us stronger). Go for a twilight horseback ride. Watch a bad movie together. Spend the rest of my life with you. Have our picture taken together. Eat ice cream with you. Make love to you passionately. Go to a museum together. Talk to each other using only body language. Give you space when you need it. Accept you totally and completely - flaws and all (I already do). Discuss current events in a heated debate. Have you see the error of your ways from aforementioned heated debate and make mad, torrid love to you, in the midst of all that passion. Carve our names into a tree/table. Go for a walk at dusk together. Be one with you. Send you a singing telegram. Spend all night thinking of 101 sweet things to do for you. Hold you and gaze into your eyes and realize how much I love you...and tell you. Gently run my hand across your cheek and look into your eyes. Blindfold you and take you somewhere romantic. Spend my life making you happy. Spend my life making our family happy. Feel your heartbeat. See our unborn child/children in your eyes. Go roller/ice skating together. Give you a backrub just because. ALWAYS being honest with each other. Go hiking/camping together. Have our first fight, make up and feel a stronger bond because we very successfully weathered the storm - together. Laugh at someone together. Share a plate of spaghetti. Give you a stuffed animal just because. Go on a fun family vacation and bring back the kind of memories movies are made of. Treat you like my Lancelot. Go on a road trip across America. Count thunder together during a thunderstorm. Envelop you in my soul. Cook your favorite meal/meals. Know you better than you know yourself. Go to a Renaissance Fair. Plant a tree in our yard together. Look over at you during an office/military/family party and have you know without me saying a word - that I love you. Be able to say "I love you" in 89 different ways - in 89 different countries. Hold you when you're at your saddest and comfort you when you need it the most. Be the one you come to for that comfort and holding.. i want to be every where close too ur heart **** .. sweetheart i care you .. and can't wait to be fully called adamari phol I WILL ALWAYS CARE YOU Adamari hello my Dearest swetheart you are like a dream come true to my life baby ..I'm glad that I can count on you to be there when I need someone to understand, to encourage, to reassure me and I hope you realize you can always count on me too. We share so much of our lives, but it's nice to know that we can still go our own ways now and then and somehow, the more we grow as individuals, the closer we become. I'm so satisfied with all we have together, and I'm sure that those feelings will last ... that I'll cherish you through a lifetime of beautiful tomorrows. I want you to know how pleased I am to be a part of your life, how much it means to me to know I'll always be in love with you and only you! please **** ... i dont vere want to lose youn or ur love **** .. cos you are the reason why i live **** ..... Love always, Adamari Lopez sweetheart.... i love you so much and i can't wait to be in urn arms loving and kiss ur lovely lips **** with so much love ....I promise that I will always love you no matter what. Though, you might think that I don't, I do. I have so much respect for you. You were the one that was there for me and I appreciate that. I really want to be with you and no one else. Why? Because I feel in my heart that you are the only one for me in this world. No one else can fill your shoes, and it has been proven. Whenever you are ready, I am here for you, my love. Always and forever Adamari lopez how are you today my love .. hope you have a splendid day at work **** .. sweetheart i have really missed you today **** it was ur thinking al over my head today **** .. and now **** you have rally proved ur love to my mum **** and she is now very sure of us **** .. sweetheart i showed her the money mail you sent too me **** .. and she really said a big thank you too you **** .,... honnie it so sad tht i will not be online tonigth **** .. due to the stress i have been through today **** runing too the bank and before i could get there sweetheart they closed **** .. so i will have to check early in the morring tomnmorrow **** and.....i will also have to rush to the agency **** and .. get the whole processing going **** sweetheart i am so happy **** for this every bold step we we have taking **** .. honnie .. i keep woundering what life would become of me withoutyou in my life **** .. honnie ... you have really showed and givcen me the heart to know i am really wanted in ur life **** and i can't really wait to be in ur arms **** .... sweetheart please i really hope you understand **** ... i am doing all this for us **** ... cos i love you so much **** please my love ... help me take care of ur self **** and .. always remeber how dear you are too my heart **** .... honnie you are the best thing tht has happened to me life lately **** .. and i really appricate you in my life honnie .... i am so happy for us **** and i can't wait to show my visa and passort to my friends **** and to my mum .,.. honnie i love you and i want tht to remain in ur heart **** ... ohhh **** i am going to miss you tonigth andf it going to be a dol nigth sleep for me .. **** but i will manage .. cos i am here making everything work's out fine ok my love .. sweetheart .. i love you and i will always do **** hello sweetheart .. thank you for everthing **** and for the love you have given and built in my life **** ....I just wanted to tell you that being with you for this time has dramatically changed my life. You just don't know how much I love you and how happy I feel when you tell me, "I love you too." You warm my insides when you tell me how life would be for me and you **** and all the happy momonet we are going to have together **** it make me can't wait to expirence it all my love .. I will spend my whole life with you and as we spend more and longer times together, our love grows deeper and deeper. Thanks for being there when I needed you and everything else. we are specail design for each other **** .. and nothing id going to take ur heart fom my side **** ... i will be here **** loving till the end of time ... :) adamari lopez swetheart .. i can't imagine life without ur love When I look into your eyes, I know there is a bond between us that no one can break, the look you give me with those eyes when you think I'm not looking is all I need to know that you're the one for me. When I look in your eyes, I see the love that abides deep within your soul; they tell me you love me in so many ways than just one. When two people love each other, they don't look at each other; they look in the same direction.. so our heart have found each other **** and i will never let you go my love Love forever adamari lopez honnie Let this letter be a true statement of my deep and undying love for you. You are always in my thoughts and on my mind every second of every day, from the time I awake to the moment I fall asleep you are all my taugth and all i want to think about honnie, totally exhausted from the thoughts of all our love and need for each other. My life long dream has come true, to find someone as romantic and passionate understanding loving caring as you are. You fill all my hopes and my dreams and for the first time, in a long, long time sweetheart i never taugth of love this way **** I now feel like a loved and wanted person. You are a handsome person, a rose beyond compare, all else fades into nothing when you are around me, I see only you. I want our spirits to join together and journey on to eternity and i can't wait for tht day sweetheart when i will be called .. adamari pohl honnie,. This story has not ended, this is only the beginning; of our love life **** and .. i know our love stroy will have no fullstop it is going to be a continuious story .. honnie the best has yet to come. THE LOVE OF MY LIFE I am thinking about you. We are so close here ... it's not like I am feeling that you are far - it's just that I want to let you know again HOW MUCH I am in love with you. I will love you forever and for always, Baby. You are a man every girl is dreaming about and that`s not all ... you are all mine. I don`t know what I did good in this life to deserve you, but I have must been doing something very good in my life! Being with you makes me feel like the entire world is mine. One day we will marry and have a soccer team of kids ... I am dreaming about that. I love you, Baby, and I am yours forever!! sweetheaert i am going to miss you .. and it sad **** ,. it not going too be too much **** cos i know where to catch you up .. smile:) tht in my dream Your baby, sweetheart here is the visa and passort .. i promise to scan and send too you honnie .. i really hope this ,, make you love me more and know ... i am really inlove with you honnie .. and i can't wait too be by ur side honnie The one I was put on this earth for and tht you my love sweety. You are my soul mate! I was hoping and praying that you had even the tiniest bit of the same feelings as I did. When you told me that you loved me I was beside myself with joy. You are going to make a wonderful husband and father, and there is nothing I would love more than to be your wife. So until then, just know that I will always be by your side loving you and supporting you in whatever it is you want to do in life. I love you! Your future wife, my honnie pie.. You are like a dream I never thought would ever come true for me. When I hear your voice I start to smile with glee. My eyes shine with glee when I know you are thinking of me. when you finally told me you love me honnie the earth stoped honnie and my heart was fill with ur love and .. joy ****. You are so special to me; I pray that we will finally be together for ever honnie and all this doubt honnie will be out of our minds honnie I haven't ever talked to anyone so like you before. You make me feel special like never before. So far, the things that you are doing shows me that you are such a caring person who would love me forever till the end of time. I just want to be loved and have someone to love back the way I've always wanted. I want to find my best friend, my soul mate, my lover and my Prince Charming. and i have found all tht in you my love .. you can into my life honnie and removed all the pains and fears in my heart honnie .. and now i have give my heart and love too you **** .. cos i love and trust you honnie, sweetheart i never meant to make you have doubt in me **** i am really very sorry for all honnie and i promise honnie tht i will not do anything to make tht come to you again honnie sweetheart i love you so much honnie and .. i will always do honnie till te end of time my love you the reason why i live and and with you honnie i wwill live forver honnie life without you is not worth living .. honnie and i thank the .. god tht has brough you too my way honnie .. i love you **** and i will for ever do tht ... sweetest heart of mine .. i love you tom Love always, Adamari Pohl THE LOVE OF MY LIFE I am just lying here, looking at your pictures, wishing for the day you and I will meet in person honnie face to face honnie .. hold and kiss each other .with so much love in our hearts honnie:), hoping and praying to God that our lord brings us together expediently. I sit here pondering what life will be with you beside me. Sharing our thoughts and ideas towards what the future holds. You and I are hundreds of miles apart. Yet I feel as if you are here right beside me watching me as I write this letter. Your passion spans distances unforeseen by the ***** eye, reaching me in ways I never thought possible. Your spirit soars above me, watching over me like a protective angel. Your heart beats in unison with mine growing stronger and with fuller life with each passing moment. my honnie pie((Tom)) I know I have made the right choice in proclaiming my love for you. I have no fears and no regrets and I live for the day we are together for the first time. I promise to love and .. and care for ur feelings for ever honnie. You have proven to me your love for me is stronger and greater than distances never reached. sweetheart.. I love you. I am in love with you; I open my heart to you. I ask that you take my heart and treat it as if it is your own. All my love Adamari Pohl my dearest tom Honey, you have changed my life completely. You're the one who makes me beautiful. You're the one who makes me strong. You're the one who makes me so important; you're everything to me. You show your love to me every day and even every minute when we are chatting. How lucky I am to find a man like you. Thank God above us! Honey, I promise I will always and forver love you honnie and i will bless us ... you with beautufuly kids wit the heart just like urs honnie I really wish that you were near me, but honnie i know ur spirit is always with me honnie and i will always be with you too honnie and i will do anything for youn honnie and i will always be loving you till the end of time my **** However, knowing that you love me so much is enough and if I can be your wife and your children's mum then this would make me proud for the next 50 or 60 years. Remember, you need to take care of me for 50 or 60 years and so you've got to take good care of yourself to do it. Ti Amo tesoro mio, you're the only one that I want. .. and the one i will always love honnie i will life my enternity with you honnie forever .. sweetheart .. you have created a new form of love in my heart honnie and it will live ion me forever honnie .. sdweetheart .. you are the best gift i have recived in my life honnie a love tht .. is even more cheerishing too my father own honnie .. i love you **** and i will always do honnie pie I love you with all my heart,. No matter how tough this relationship gets or how hard it may seem to move forward, I will never stop loving you. You are my world and soul, the air that I breathe each day. Sometimes I get angry with myself because I bring the relationship down more than I help it. with supid think .. of heartbrake honnie Opening up to you is difficult but this is something I have to do. You are my best friend and no matter how difficult it may seem or how tough it may be to go on, I know I will, because I will have the best person in the whole world right by my side every step of the way.. honnie ..... please .. promise too love and care for my feeling for you till the end of time **** and i know abbe tht we are going to make it all happen **** and know and i have the belive **** please sweethert .. don't give up onm us **** .. cos you are holding the key too the entreace of my heart **** and if i lose u honnie i have lost my life and every other thing th makes us my life **** .,. sweetheart .. please .. let work hand in hand **** to make it a dream come true honnie You are my soul, my world, my everything. My heart skips a beat every time your name is mentioned or I see your face in the picture in my computer **** . You are the one I have been waiting for all of my life (not that I'm old!), and I finally stumbled across you. Now I must fight to keep you. I pray every night that you will some day be the one I wake up to in the morning. Without you I wouldn't be complete. So, please ... .. please .. honnie .. we are mean't too be victories honnie ..please **** we are going to make it all work out honnie .. please don't give up on us **** With all my heart, SWEETHEART .. THOSE WORDS OF URS **** GLDENS MY HEART ABBE AND .. WIPES THE TEARS IN MY EYES HONNIE SWEETHEART YOU AREE SUCH A PASSIONATE AND GENTLE HEART HUMAN BEIGN **** YOU ARE THE MOST ,., UNDERSTANDING HUMMAN I HAVE VERE MEET IN MY WHOLE LIFE HONNIE .. SWEETHEART ALL THIS YOU FEEL FOR ME HONNIE PIE .. I FEEL TWICE OF IT FOR YOU **** AND TILL I CAN HOLD YOU TOO MY HEART ****.. YOU WILL REALLY SEE AND FEEL WHAT I HAVEW BEEN TRYING TO EXPRESS TO YOU IN WQORDS HONNIE .. HONNIE PIE .. I LOVE AND AND I WILL DO FOR THE REST OF MY WHOLE LIFE **** ,,... COS UR LOVE MAKE ME FEEL LIKE A NEWLY BORN **** .. AND LIKE A LIDIES THT HAS NEVER FELT OR LOVED BEFORE **** .. IT THE LOVE OF ANGEL LIKE YOU HONNIE AND I AM SO HAPPY AND GREATFULLY .. TO BE LOVED AND CARE FOR BY AN ANGEL LIKE YOU HONNIE PIE .. SWEETHEART .. I LOVE YOU WITH MY WHOLE LIFE HEART BODY AND SOUL HONNIE .... TAKE CARE BABEYOU HAVE GIVEN ME A REASON TOO LIVE AND BE HAPPY AGAIN HONNIE .. THANK YOU **** You have no idea how long I've dreamed of the day when we could be together. You truly could not imagine how hard this is for me and how hard i have been praying for man with so much love unlike ur type **** and now tht i have you **** .. something want to come take you out from me **** . i know the faith tht brough us together **** wil always see us through . I've longed to be with you for ever honnie and i know we will finally be together for evert as one body honnie have our kids together with a lovely and happy family **** , and Baby, from the very first day i have seem and talked too you **** became so greatly inlove with you honnie honest-to-God, love. The kind of love that some how transforms you from one of those people who think that everyone else gets everything, to one of those people who have actually got everything **** and i know soon we wil be a part of those God has blessed with happiness ****. Honey, I guess what I'm saying is that before you, it seemed that I had nothing, and now I feel I have it all me (ur love). And it is all due to you, and you alone. Well, I should probably say that I love you and i am so blessed to bne loved by a man like you **** you are to perefect in a man **** you are everything i asked God in a man honnie pie Honey, this is really hard for me 'cause I want to say the no man on this earth will take ur love out of my heart honnie and nothing on earth will ever change my mind .. from you and ur love **** please dont listening to the satan honnie it only using ur friend **** cos he know his the places close to you babeand you will easy be goten by him honnie but darling i trust you to say .. know to his planes honnie .. please .. always follow ur heart in life **** .. cos tht is only where the truth of all ur existance is **** ... i love you so much honnie and .. i will always love you till them end of time my darling ... and i can't wait to be in ur arms **** loving and caring for ur feeling for me **** .. darling .. you worth dying for ... Love always, Adamari Pohl my dearest tom I just want to let you know that you've helped me open my eyes and see myself truly. I was a person who was undecided, confused and sometimes forgot to plan, maybe because of the fate my life had given me. But now, I overcome it because you've helped me see my directions and gave me great confidence for my future. You show me how to grow beyond myself. You made me see possibilities that I never knew. Thank you for sharing your life with me and i want to share my life and love with you too. The past will never matter for me now. I just want to think of what I have now ... I just want to think of you. I have found the last puzzle piece that completes me - it's YOU! Today's wesday and I love you, tomorrow's thursday and I will still love you and I want to keep on loving you till the days end. I love you, Baby! Love always Created: 2006-09-15 Last updated: 2006-09-15 Views: 1778
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Sign up to our newsletter and get the latest news and recipes from the ducks. Follow @threeblueducks and tag us in your photos #threeblueducks REAL FOOD EXPERIENCES ACROSS FOUR VENUES. EXPLORE OUR LOCAL OFFERS. Andy was only one exam away from becoming a fully qualified Electrician, but knowing he wasn’t satisfied with being a sparky for the rest of his life, he took a dare from one of his good mates to enter as a contestant on MasterChef 2012. This is where Andy met Mark and Darren as they were guest chefs on the show. Once he was on the show, Andy was open to admitting he was by far the most inexperienced and weakest cook amongst the group. Andy read, he researched, he watched and listened and saw every opportunity as a learning opportunity. After an 8 month commitment, locked away from his friends and family on some sort of rapid culinary apprenticeship on steroids, Andy emerged the youngest winner of MasterChef with a thirst to learn as much as he could about food. With learning being at the top of Andy's list he reached out to the boys at The Ducks and took a role down at Three Blue Ducks Pop Up at Falls Creek in 2013. Then in 2016 Andy officially became part of the group, becoming a co-owner of Three Blue Ducks Rosebery. A chef with a passionate advocate of farm-to-table cooking, Darren champions sustainability and using ethically farmed produce. Darren trained in the UK under acclaimed Chef Mark Raffan at the Michelin-starred Gravetye Manor. Moving to Australia in 2001, his skills were further honed working at Tetsuya’s, where Darren rose to the position of Head Chef. At the time, the restaurant held three chefs hats and was voted the 5th best restaurant in the world. In 2011, Darren founded The Table Sessions – a guerilla-style dining experience, which was awarded Best Event by Australian Gourmet Pages. In 2012, Daz joined forces with like-minded mates at Three Blue Ducks. Daz is also the co-author of three cookbooks and writes for Delicious. He has appeared on MasterChef, Iron Chef USA, The Great Australian Cookbook and MKR. He is an ambassador for the Australian Cancer Council, Oz Harvest and sits on the judging panel for the Delicious Produce Awards. When he’s not foraging or surfing, he’s in the kitchen cooking, fermenting, pickling, and testing recipes with his fiancée – meteorologist, journalist, TV presenter and food author, Magdalena Roze, and sons, Archie and Charlie. Mark started his career in cooking straight after high school in 1999 and landed an apprenticeship under Klaus Huber, the executive chef for Bennelong and the Opera House restaurants. He went on to work at Tetsuyas where he met fellow mate and Duck, Darren Robertson. Opting out of fine dining, he was invited to run café Morso on Jones Bay Wharf and became a registered buyer at the Sydney Fish Markets, where he selected fresh fish for services daily (right up his alley). In 2004, he left to live the dream, snowboarding and cooking in chalets during the winters and surfing the French, Portuguese, Spanish and Moroccan coastlines during the summer with his well-earned Swiss Francs. In 2008, Mark set up residence in Zurich where he worked at Josef and quickly became the sous under the owner/head chef, loving the progressive style of cooking in an otherwise traditional cuisine city. It was 2010 when the penny dropped and the idea behind Three Blue Ducks came to fruition. The Ducks found instant success and became the first café to be invited to the Good Food Guide restaurant awards under a new category 'best breakfast'. Three Ducks became five when they joined forces with Jeff Bennett and Darren Robertson to open for dinner. Six weeks later, they were awarded their first hat. In 2014, The Ducks built and opened Three Blue Ducks on The Farm in Byron Bay for which they were awarded Gourmet Traveller’s Best Regional Restaurant. In 2016, Three Blue Ducks Rosebery opened with co-owner Andy Allen, which was awarded a hat in the 2018 Good Food Guide. The Ducks newest venture is a restaurant at the W hotel in Brisbane. Mark has co-written three books, The Blue Ducks (2012), Real Food (2014) and Blue Ducks in the Country (2017), and is an OzHarvest ambassador. Passionate about subsistence hunting, Mark largely hunts wild animals considered pests, such as deer, rabbits, kangaroos and goats, and spearfishes for Spanish mackerel, tuna, snapper, mahi-mahi, squid, cuttlefish, lobster and sea urchin – everything he hunts, he eats. For Mark, hunting is an important way of engaging with the environment, and becoming an advocate to protect it. Away from the tools Marky, as he is affectionately known, is as avid road bike motorcycle racer, cyclist, forager, surfer and loving partner to his wife, Hannah. After a stellar career at 13 delivering pharmaceuticals on his bike, Jeff moved on and found his feet with his first foray in the food industry. Not quite the upper end of the industry, but a brief stint at McDonald's was at least the first step on the ladder. From the Big Mac to small restaurants “Hospo” took him through the school years and led him to study hospitality business management at uni before giving in to a beckoning call to travel the world. After a bizarre "epiphany" Jeff returned to Oz to study computer science and then worked as a programmer at Macquarie Bank where he learnt what it was like to be a "fish out of water" and do something that you have no passion for. With various attempts at finding his place in the working world, he decided the next move was to go out on his own. At the time he was living in Bronte and was amazed at the lack of decent food options for such a busy little area. A few months later a shiny new pizza shop opened and he had his first business. As luck would have it, a few months later, three young lads (aka Three Blue Ducks) opened a cafe next door. The four boys became mates, explored the world of food and beer and then one day, over a discussion about chicken soup, Mark (chef duck) and Jeff came up with a crazy idea of joining the two spaces together, knocking some holes in walls, putting tables in the alley between, building a bar and taking Three Blue Ducks to the next level. One week later the pizza shop closed and the tools were out. Born and bred in Bronte, Chriso grew up with saltwater in his blood. Both his parents loved the ocean, surfing and spearfishing, so it was inevitable that he spent most of his youth in the water. After studying a sports science degree Chris decided to travel the world, spending 5yrs mostly in Europe and North Africa, but also in Indonesia, surfing of course. One favourite spot was Morocco where he met future Duck, Mark Labrooy. Three Blue Ducks were born. With little or no experience in Hospitality but plenty of enthusiasm, a background in retail and people skills he knew it wouldn’t be easy. He had a passion for coffee and dove in deep, turning that passion into a skill. With the help of the crew at Single O, Chris honed his knowledge and ability, learning a lot of the coffee business on the job once Three Blue Ducks Bronte opened. Since then the coffee culture in Australia has changed immensely, and with it the detail that Chris puts into the coffee at Three Blue Ducks. Today Three Blue Ducks are well renowned for its incredible in-house coffee culture purely because of this dedication and devotion, Chris has to get every cup right. He also implemented Three Blue Ducks Tea range that can be enjoyed in the comfort of your own home. Born in Surry Hills in the heart of the Sydney City, Sam Reid was drawn to the salty brine of the ocean from a young age. During his early childhood years, his family moved to Bronte Beach where he grew up in a thick community of local surfers. Growing up in a family with a love for great food, Sam always had an appreciation for quality produce. At the age of 23, he started what was to be a successful fruit box business call 'Fruitman Sam' which ran throughout the Eastern Suburbs. A few years later while vagabonding overseas he and his two close friends Mark Labrooy and Chris Sorrell stemmed the idea to start a cafe together. A short while later on his return, Sam had found a location in his hometown of Bronte and things moved quickly. Three Blue Ducks opened with a bang. Mark Labrooy's bold cooking, Chris Sorrell's attention to detail with coffee and Sam's welcoming customer service meant they had queues out the door from day one, most of them being the local community. They won 'Best Breakfast in Sydney' in the first year they were open and things rolled on from there. Three Ducks became six with Darren Robertson, Jeff Bennett and Andy Allen – and the boys now have four humming restaurants across NSW and Queensland in Bronte, Byron, Rosebery and Brisbane. Sam still works in the restaurants full-time and now resides in the Northern Rivers with his partner Daisy and their two boys. Growing up and working in kitchens around Byron Bay for the last 17 years I could not see myself anywhere other than the Ducks. The philosophy and connection to the food are close to my heart. Having direct contact with who, how, why and where your food is grown is an integral part of my personal and professional life. When you have an understanding of where your food comes from and what goes into it, it gives you a different appreciation and respect for the product. I have been cooking ever since I can remember, one of my first memories is making bread with Mormor (Mum’s Mum). Food was always a focus for my family growing up, I learnt to make dishes for our Danish celebration feasts. This carried me into my first job at 14 years old, at a small pizza place. Here I saw the enjoyment of the diner’s first hand, which motivated me to improve my knowledge and skills. Here I worked through to my HSC. Then went into an apprenticeship. I learnt all different the sides of catering and wholesale. It also introduced me to early starts having dozens of cakes and muffins ready for delivery to cafes by 7am. From here I started working in Lennox head, finished my apprenticeship and moved into the Head Chef at 23 and loved the challenge. Then onto Newrybar while I was Head Chef, our team won their first hat. A proud moment for me. Learning every day working with amazing produce and people is what inspires me. I make coffee. That's it. When I was younger I had a job doing door-to-door sales, and instead of grinding it out trying to talk to as many people as possible, I'd be checking to see where the best coffee in the suburb was; where I'd hang out and drink coffee all day. Obviously, that didn't work out too well so I decided to find a job making coffee. I literally love it. Being able to talk to people all day about a product I'm super interested in is my definition of "living the dream". At The Ducks, we're lucky enough to have some epic equipment and are able to get our hands on some incredible coffees from all over the world. I enjoy learning more about the processing and growing involvement in getting some of these super delicious flavours from a pretty basic plant. If I'm not going about the daily grind at The Ducks, I'm more than likely working for myself in the coffee trailer that my wife and I own. English born and raised, I came to Australia in 2014, where I quickly joined the Three Blue Ducks at their original outpost in Bronte, Sydney! Back then, there was only one restaurant and all of the owners worked out of it! Being part of a company that really cared about the farmers and the growers who were supplying them with produce, the Ducks passion was infectious. I still feel so fortunate to work for a company that's renowned as the Sydney progenitors of paddock to plate, grow it yourself, minimum waste movement. I suppose not surprisingly, during my time with Three Blue Ducks, my interest in agriculture – in particular pertaining to the world of viticulture – piqued. Over the last five years, I have loved exploring the country's amazing and varied wine regions, discovering and learning as much as I can about Australia's wine industry. So much so, I am now studying a Bachelor of Viticulture alongside my role as the group's sommelier! I took some time out to travel around Australia and fell in love with Byron Bay in 2014. The idea of moving here wouldn’t go away, and I kept dreaming of creating a life for myself and finding a job in my field. I moved here within the year. I was introduced to Three Blue Ducks and was very inspired by the project and their ethos. Our values are really aligned. I thought that I could contribute and create something different to what they already offered, pushed for a job. I started with working on the floor, and not long after I started I began talking to the owners, highlighting my experience in events coupled with sending my CV to them every week for 2 months!!! I really wanted to show them just what I could bring to the company. I was offered the position I kept putting myself forward for, and set about creating an entire department from scratch. That has been a huge and exciting project, for which I am incredibly grateful for. Now we have a well-established department and over 50 happy couples. The wedding industry comes with challenges but working for the boys I feel really supported. I love the fact that I am creating the most magical day for a couple. It makes it all worthwhile and reassures me that this is exactly where I am meant to be. When you call I’m usually the one that answers the phone. I wanted to work at The Ducks as I love to cook and to eat. The Ducks philosophy of using locally sourced, sustainable, ingredients, reducing waste and considering the environment are all important to me. It’s amazing to work alongside so many like-minded people. I get to work across all three restaurants, which means no two days are the same. Working with chefs, the FOH team and in the office team, it is so interesting to me to see how each of these sections work and how they all come together to create The Ducks experience for the customer. Everyday I am impressed by all the staff who work so hard and still manage to laugh and have fun. Everyone who visits us has a different story, I enjoy chatting to so many different people and hearing why they are coming in. People come together over a meal to celebrate all sorts of occasions and it’s so great that they choose to celebrate with us and share their story with me when they call to book. There is nothing more fulfilling than seeing an event all fall into place - even better to have a client approach you to say that their event was everything they imagined and more. I love that the ethos of Three Blue Ducks continues to attract like-minded clients who have a passion for good food, urban aesthetics and having a great time! My role at Three Blue Ducks allows me to be involved from the conception of ideas to the planning, creation and execution of a wide range of events, functions, parties and weddings. During the 15 years I have worked in the hospitality industry I have developed extensive experience in on the spot problem solving - ensuring that customer experience always comes first - even when the unexpected pops up. I have worked in many different areas of events however I would have to say my keen eye for detail was developed over the 6 year period I spent managing a team of stewardesses running events for high profile clients onboard luxury yachts between the Mediterranean and the Caribbean. I now am well practised in coordinating successful events and functions and maintain great relationships with external suppliers and contractors. Every client has a different idea of how they want their event to run and I absolutely love assisting in that process whether it be consultation or collaboration. My main aim is that your event unfolds exactly how you envisioned. Pawel Klodowski has joined Three Blue Ducks from his previous role as chef de cuisine at hatted restaurant Noosa Beach House, where he worked and trained alongside Peter Kuruvita. Having completed his education and training in Poland, Pawel continued his international career over the subsequent 15 years working in world-class restaurants in his home country of Poland, as well as in Ireland, Denmark, the US, Cyprus, Copenhagen, Fiji and Samoa. Growing up with his family on a two and a half acre property on Queensland’s Sunshine Coast, Adam developed a love for sustainable food from an early age, always eager to get out into the garden after a school day and on weekends to grow his own veggies and collect eggs from the farm’s chickens. In 2006, Adam began his hospitality studies and was in awe of a visiting guest chef. The following year he began work as an apprentice in the restaurant of that same chef, before moving onto work within the industry in Noosa on the Sunshine Coast and Mayfair in London. Throughout his culinary journey, Adam’s passion for fresh produce and reduced kitchen waste has continued, taking home restaurant scraps such as pineapple tops and avocado seeds to regrow in his own garden. Adam’s mission is to encourage others to waste nothing wherever possible and to have fun with growing your own produce. REAL FOOD EXPERIENCES ACROSS FIVE VENUES. EXPLORE OUR LOCAL OFFERS. PLEASE NOTE - WE STILL HAVE SOME UPCOMING EVENTS, WHICH MAY AFFECT SOME AVAILABILITY. PLEASE CHECK WITH THE RESERVATIONS TEAM IF YOU SEE 'NOTIFY ME'. Refuel between waves with our simple, real food My obsession for the hospitality industry started when I was a lost 20 year old party kid who had just moved to London, I luckily landed a job within the ottolenghi group, where I stayed for 5 years. That changed my life forever. I moved to Melbourne in 2013 to try (but fail) to get a sun tan, I worked for some really influential chefs and fell in love with the ever evolving Australian food scene. The sun tan/lying by the beach all day dream grew stronger so I moved to Byron bay (sun tan still failed, alas my fair English complexion), and I just had to work for the Ducks. Their food philosophy rang so true with me ‘head to tail, root to leaf, paddock to plate & reduce, reuse, recycle’. Easy words to say but, inspiringly they practice what they preach daily. They took me under their wing nurturing my growth as a chef and tolerating my cheeky ways. A couple of years into my time at the ducks, Darren (my favourite owner, sorry Jeff. Jokes, I love you all equally) approached me and my partner about a space they wanted to turn into a modern wine bar, and as of that day ‘Oma’ was born. Natural wines all made by female winemakers, banging cocktails and local produce turned into simple but tasty dishes. Hand made sourdough, grilled steaks, anchovies, small plates, larger plates and a killer team of superstars that I had the privilege to lead as my first head chef gig…and most importantly, the ramen eggs! Now I’ve been given the opportunity to head up the Melbourne kitchen, where I want to share my passion and love for the industry and the Ducks. I’m excited to use the wood fired oven to create dishes full of flavour and texture whilst using the core fundamentals of the Duck’s ethos and style. I was raised in a household with great food at its heart. Each social occasion meant pulling out recipe books, lists of ingredients, days of preparation, and a thorough run sheet. I learnt from a young age how effective food is at bringing people together. All my first jobs were in hospitality - an Italian bakery where I learnt to make coffee, the Indian restaurant that left my uniform smelling of saffron and cardamom, the bar where I poured my first beer. After university, and a decade working in scientific research, a chance to volunteer at a cooking school while living in Seattle reignited my passion for food and hospitality. After working as an event producer in the USA, I moved back to Australia in search of the perfect fit. For me, hospitality has always been about the guests; my drive is towards building a community around good food and great wine. This love of community is what brought me to the Three Blue Ducks. I love it here. When you visit, you'll find me mixing up cocktails in the bar or chatting to guests on the floor, ensuring you all have the best experience possible. I grew up on a property in the rural northeast of Italy, in the region called Friuli Venezia Giulia where we had pigs, cattle, goats, chickens, ducks, rabbits, and lots of veggies, as my dad grew up in a family of farmers, he didn’t like to go to grocery stores unless necessary. Dad used to take me everywhere with him. One day was hunting, one day fishing, make cheeses or jams, pasta, gnocchi, passata, pickles with grandma, so every day was something different. He taught me when to harvest vegetables and grains, what to feed the pigs to produce richness in the meat, how to cure things properly, how to fish in many different ways, how to cure products with only fire and air, how to cook with fire, how to build a clay oven on the river banks, but most importantly, to be respectful of the ingredients and animals we use, as they gave their life for us. Due to that I’m really into Nose to Tail type of cooking, what’s seasonal and I really love game. I landed in Sydney in October 2011, a few weeks before my birthday. After about a year of finding my feet, I moved to Paddington where I started my new job at the Paddington Inn, from there I worked at a few venues owned by Merivale and then I decided to go to Asia. I spent a good year between Japan, Thailand, and Vietnam, I loved the food, the culture, and the differences in food between each region of every country, probably because it sent me back home for a second here and there. In 2017, I met my wife to be and decided to move to Melbourne. I got a job at LEMONGRASS in Carlton, I worked there for 3 years then…COVID arrived, the restaurant had to close so me and Head Chef PAULA BERTUS worked together for about a year doing Chef’s table dinners at guest houses or for bigger events when possible. After a while me and my wife Elena decided we had enough of big cities and wanted to go back to the country, where we both felt at home. That’s when I got the job with the Ducks in Nimbo, thank God for that, and as they say, ‘the rest is history’! From: Gloucestershire, England Backstory: I never wanted to be a chef, I wanted to work in the Front of House of restaurants but ended up doing work experience in a kitchen whilst studying hospitality at college and found it more enjoyable and seemed to be good at it. This led to a bunch of opportunities around the UK, including my first Head Chef role at 25 in a 5 STAR hotel. I spent the next 10 years in London, working 4 years for the England MasterChef presenter, John Torode, as Head Chef of his restaurant and 5.5 years in Mayfair, running two restaurants as Executive Chef. These roles were a great development opportunity for me but living and working in Australia was something I wanted to pursue since my early 20's. Arrival: I arrived in Australia for the first time in 2017, for a 7-week eating + drinking fest… Basically, I enjoyed lunch and dinner every day across Sydney and Melbourne's best venues! I moved back here for good in 2019, working for Merivale, Mary's Underground, and a small chain of hotels. Present: I wanted to get back to a bustling restaurant environment and it's been the perfect time to come on as Head Chef of the Ducks in Rosebery, with hospitality scene coming back to life. I like the creativity and cooking style that the Ducks are known for and look forward the warmer months ahead. During her 20-year accounting career, Lindsay has been fortunate enough to do the most boring job in some of Australia’s most exciting organisations including the Sydney Opera House, Gold Coast Commonwealth Games and now, Three Blue Ducks. Lindsay has always been passionate about food and maths, which stood her in good stead to take the reins as resident numbers guru at the Ducks. When she is not quality testing the latest breakfast special or mainlining coffee, she can be found attempting to right the world’s wrongs using Microsoft Excel. Born and raised in the north of England, Lindsay now lives in the Northern Rivers (Bundjalung Country) with her husband, two daughters, and miniature dachshund.
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Today, from Chuck Swindoll. Becoming one, you learn to become a unit. You hammer away at it. All the sinful struggles and habits notwithstanding, you find a way to get there. And you realize, having slugged it out, through the hard times, you realize in unguarded moments as your head sinks. You're glad you made it work. You're glad your partner didn't walk out. For the last few decades, the institution of marriage has been under siege. Some of those attacks are very deliberate. Most are nothing more than negligence. But the result is the same. Husbands and wives feel immense pressure to give up. After all, marriage is too hard. Well, today on Insight for Living, Chuck Swindoll presents an alternative. His convictions are rooted squarely on Scripture and the timeless wisdom of the Bible. Whether you're married, single, divorced, or widowed, there's something for everyone in the message Chuck titled, Symphony of Survival in the Key of Seed. In your worship folder, you will find an outline for this morning's message, Symphony of Survival in the Key of Seed. As we shall see soon, that seed represents commitment, which, of course, is a secret of a long-lasting marriage. Genesis chapter 2, we have looked at before. Once again, please, chapter 2, verse 24. We'll glance into a couple of other chapters briefly before our time in prayer and offering this morning. Genesis 2, 24. For this reason, a man shall leave his father and his mother and be joined to his wife, and they shall become one flesh. The man and his wife were both naked and were not ashamed. Verse 1 of chapter 4, please. Now the man had relations with his wife Eve, and she conceived and gave birth to Cain, and she said, I have gotten a manchild with the help of the Lord. Again, she gave birth to his brother Abel. Abel was a keeper of flocks, but Cain was a tiller of the ground. Then across the page, chapter 5, first few verses. This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day when God created man, he made him in the likeness of God. Please take note of the last phrase. When originally created, man was made in the likeness of God. Now watch closely. He created them, male and female, and he blessed them and named them man in the day when they were created. When Adam had lived 130 years, he became the father of a son, please note, in his own likeness, according to his image. Note the difference. Now that sin has come, now the birth is in the image of the parents, and he named him Seth. Then the days of Adam after he became the father of Seth were 800 years. He had other sons and daughters. So all the days that Adam lived were 930 years, and he died. Well, you thought you were old. In the patriarchal era, they lived long lives, hundreds of years, but as sin took its toll, life was finally decreased to a few score years, and it's passed. Join me in prayer, please. Thank you for your grace, our Father, giving us what we don't deserve and reaching down, stooping to us in our needs. When you have no needs of your own, you of all things are moved with compassion over us in our pain and sorrow and grief and hurt and feelings of insecurity and lack of trust and fear and on and on the list goes. Forgive us, our Father, for forgetting that you were there. Forgive us as a country for going our own way and ignoring what you have commanded and expected. Forgive us as a people for mishandling your truths and misrepresenting your son more often than we want to realize. Nevertheless, today, grace brings a new day for us, grace to forgive, grace to go on. Guide us, our Father, even as the psalmist has written, For this shall every one who is godly pray unto you in a time when you may be found. Surely in the floods of great waters they shall not come nigh unto you. You are our hiding place. You shall preserve us from trouble. You shall compass us about with songs of deliverance. Then you have responded, I will instruct you and teach you in the way which you should go. I will guide you with my eye upon you. May we be sensitive to the direction you lead us as a church, as a family, as individuals. As people who work in a world that's lost its way, among those who don't know your name, give us authenticity of life and the grace to live honestly and openly before others. Now, Lord, we are facing a challenge before us as we look into this passage of Scripture. I ask for your help. As it unfolds, may we realize the relevance of your Word. And as we give, may we remember you have first given to us, and because of that, we're able to do this. In the name of the Lord Jesus, we give and we express these needs. And all of his people said, Amen. I'm speaking to a 21st century audience trying hard not to sound like a 19th century preacher. That's interesting, isn't it? There's a name for guys like me, a preacher who still believes the Bible, who thinks we need to adjust our lives to it rather than force it to adapt to us. Someone told me the other day, you know what they call you when you're not around? I said, no, a dinosaur. I said, really? Yeah, so I went home and checked Webster's and found the definition means out of date, obsolete, impractical, extinct. But that's better than the first rendering, which is carnivorous oversized reptile. I was telling another group of people this and one of the men walked up and said, Don't feel badly, one of our grandkids calls me a Neanderthal. How times change. There once was a day when a preacher was really determined worthy if he stood on the faithfulness of God's word. That if you truly believe the Bible was God's word and if you believed in the discipline of hard study and if you faithfully taught it, prepared well and delivered it regardless of the times, that was a compliment. But in our day of great liberality, that's not so. And in fact, how can God's word so ancient ever be considered a relevant message for a world like ours, full of tyranny and terrorism and abuse and the kind of heartbreaking situations in which we find ourselves? Easy to get sort of lazy about the Bible. The words of G.K. Chesterton come to mind. He writes, What we suffer from today is humility in the wrong place. Modesty has moved from the organ of ambition. Modesty has settled upon the organ of conviction, for it was never meant to be. A man was meant to be doubtful about himself, but not doubting about the truth. This has been exactly reversed. We are on the road to reproducing a race of men too mentally modest to believe in the multiplication table. Sometime it's nice to know there are fellow dinosaurs running around. One is Chuck Colson, whose work in Breakpoint often makes us pause and listen closely. In a piece dated September 9, 2004. Depending on your vantage point, you might look back on the summer of 2004 as the summer of Hurricane Charlie, or perhaps just the summer of the Athens Olympics. But Will Haygood of The Washington Post has another name for the summer of 2004. The summer of bad husbands. If you flipped on the news at all this summer, perhaps you've noticed it too. Mark Hacking's name appeared splashed across headlines in August with the reports that he shot his wife in her sleep and then disposed of his beloved in a Utah landfill. Subsequent investigation found Hacking entangled in a supersized web of deceit, including a phony story about his acceptance into medical school. A story that he had his wife, family and friends all believing. Meanwhile, we've heard odd nauseum about Scott Peterson that trial this summer. The phone conversations with mistress Amber Fry days after pregnant wife Lacey's disappearance, his break for freedom. And we've seen more than enough of the Kobe Bryant saga with his repeated line of defense. Yes, he cheated on his wife. No, he's not a rapist. And then in less violent, but certainly no less scandalous news, there's been New Jersey Governor Jim McGreevey's resignation. While gay activists looked on with pride at the governor's announcement. I am a gay American. McGreevey's wife stood next to him with the dazed look of a woman twice betrayed. One can only imagine the emotional fallout for his two daughters. While trend spotters can find a trend in just about everything, the Post's assessment of the pattern of events is intriguing. Buried halfway into Haygood's article is a priceless nugget. A quote from David Kahn, former Los Angeles prosecutor famed for prosecuting the notorious Menendez brothers. His take on this summer's events, I quote, I think it's just the loss of family values. Kahn said, it's the narcissism of our age, of people thinking only of themselves, not even of their family. When you lose those values of morality, you suddenly have no footing. And I think that's when these people think there's no problem with doing evil. Unquote. Colson adds, exactly. While there are certainly varying degrees of evil, it's the bottom line in every one of these bad husband headlines. And though we hate to be talking about these events at all in this age of relativism and anything goes, it's good to hear somebody call evil from Hacking to McGreevey by its rightful name. Kahn also hits the mark in seeing these trends as a sign of our narcissistic culture. Narcissism is at the heart of the erosion of marriage that we've seen in this country, whether it's the no fault divorce laws or the swelling movement to legalize same sex marriage. The me first mentality bulldozes right over the most vulnerable stakeholders in marriage. The children. What better reminder of what's up for grabs in weakening views of marriage than the unborn child of Lacey Peterson? Or the devastated children of. Governor McGreevey. He closes with these words, so maybe this summer, a bad husband should come as a wake up call to America. Marriage in this country needs a biblical makeover. One where husband becomes synonymous with the kind of selfless love of Christ. Our ultimate model. Good writing. It's an ancient book, ancient, ancient book. This Bible full of full of names that are hard to pronounce and stories that are sometimes difficult to unravel. And theology that has challenged the brightest of minds through the centuries. Originally written in Hebrew and Aramaic and Greek. Put together in a period of hundreds of years by a variety of different people, all of them sinful. And yet miraculously preserved for any era, any time, any society, any culture. People of any age, in any status, rich or poor, struggling middle class, married, single, divorced, multiple, divorced. Abused, broken, terrorized. Hurting, struggling, fighting for survival. Prosperous, happy, joyful. Guilty. Dying, grieving. What a book. In all of my years of study, I have never found a principle in it that's irrelevant. Never once. Never once. Never found a truth. Never found a truth in it that turned against me when I needed help or worked against me when I decided to believe it and apply it. Oh, I failed it many times. It's never failed me. We may tremble on the rock. A rock never trembles under us. So we come to the subject of marriage and husband-wife relationship. Ultimately we'll get into children and the rearing of them and the joys and challenges of going through those rearing and then for them adult and older years. And we'll find over and over how practical and in touch this book is. It is an amazing, amazing body of material. I mean, look at the principles we've already dug out of verses 24 and 25. Just remarkable how these still touch our times. Leaving father and mother, of course, there has to be a severance. Joining a partner in life, of course, there has to be a bonding. Becoming one. Absolutely. There must be a cultivation of unity. Notice, become one flesh. You're not automatically one flesh. Well, you are in God's eyes, but you're not practically speaking after you say, I do. You learn to become a unit. You hammer away at it. All the sinful struggles and habits notwithstanding, you find a way to get there. And you realize, having slugged it out through the hard times, you realize an unguarded moments as your head sinks into the pillow. And you're glad you stayed. You're glad you made it work. You're glad your partner didn't walk out. Now, I'm a realist. I know there are occasions where there are reasons to walk out. I'll get to that. But let's establish the foundation before we go there. We're so quick to look for ways out that we forget to linger over reasons to stay. In fact, there's not only a severance and and and permanence and unity there. There's even intimacy without shame. Look at that man and his wife were naked and they weren't ashamed. The whole idea of close sexual intimacy and intercourse, all part of God's plan in innocence, in innocence, before there was ever sin. He created the whole idea of it, knowing it would work best between husband and wife. Knowing that was the place to cultivate such unashamed intimacy. All of this brings up four questions that I think are that they have to be asked. They are crucial questions that any thinking person would ask. The first is a question of relevance. Are biblical principles still relevant? I mean, does this ancient book still address the complicated issues of our times? A group of small children in kindergarten were asked, Does God understand nuclear science? Over 80 percent said no. As if God wakes up one day and discovers there's an invention that's caught him by surprise. Romans 15 for says, Whatever was written in earlier times was written for our learning that we through comfort and patience from the scriptures might have hope. How wonderful a promise is that? Whatever is written by Moses, by the psalmists, by the prophets, by historians, by apostles. Was written for our learning that we in whatever era, at whatever time, in whatever culture, whatever the issue might have hope. Yes, yes, there's a resounding yes. I will guide you with my eye on you, he promises. Psalm 32 8. How wonderful a promise is that? Second question is a question of harmony. Can two very different people make it work? Can two very different people make it work when a man and a woman come together in a marriage? Immediately, there's a challenge. Well, not at that moment. There aren't many fights at the altar, but but often people will tell you amazing stories of honeymoons where it all gets going there. You you thought there was perfection and you found there was not. There was just enormous depravity. Someone someone wrote this. Adam and Eve had an ideal marriage, at least when things started. He didn't have to hear all about the other men she could have married. And she didn't have to hear about the way his mother cooked it. There's far more teaching we need to hear in this message on marriage. Chuck Swindoll titled his talk, Symphony of Survival in the Key of Sea. To learn more about this ministry, visit us online at insightworld.org. If you're prepared to dig deeper into this topic, I'll remind you Insight for Living provides interactive study notes for every message. Please take a few moments to review this popular resource. In fact, we were pleased to read a recent comment about searching the scriptures. It said, I absolutely loved the year-long study of Matthew. I was a little behind the daily broadcasts but finally finished it. I cried when it came to an end. The writer continues, I read the commentary on Matthew and did the STS for the entire series. I started and ended each day in the Word. I was drawn to it like a moth to a flame. Thank you Chuck and the team for these resources. Well, you'll find the entire series, Marriage from Surviving to Thriving, available right now in the Searching the Scriptures section of our website. There's no cause to access these interactive study notes. In fact, you can print them out and share them with friends. Just go to insight.org slash studies. In addition, we're pleased to remind you Insight for Living offers a daily devotional from Chuck Swindoll. It's called Wisdom for the Way. With this devotional, you're able to start or end each day with inspirational writings from Chuck. And the timeless biblical wisdom will guide your steps and your thoughts throughout the entire year. The devotional titled Wisdom for the Way is available when you call us. If you're listening in the US, dial 1-800-772-8888 or go online to insight.org slash offer. We rely on your support to make these daily Bible studies with Chuck possible. To give a donation today, call us. If you're listening in the United States, dial 1-800-772-8888 or give online at insight.org slash donate. Join us when Chuck Swindoll continues to describe the symphony of survival in marriage. Wednesday on Insight for Living. . Whisper: medium.en / 2023-06-02 09:02:55 / 2023-06-02 09:10:56 / 8
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You can find detailed information about Turkish Airlines Corporate Club terms and conditions on this page. Turkish Airlines is the owner and program administrator of the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club™ program and will be referred to as THY. Corporate customers joining the program will be referred to as "members". The program has been created to offer a range of benefits to members. THY reserves the right include other airlines and institutions (hotels, vehicle rental companies, etc.) in the program. THY reserves the right to amend any and all terms and conditions of the program and reserves the right to change these rules without liability and without notice. Changes to other program terms and conditions as well as the terms and conditions set forth here, and any specific actions taken will be available in other Turkish Airlines Corporate Club information documents and ongoing communication channels (e.g. Turkish Airlines Corporate Club newsletter, announcements on the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club website, Skylife etc.). Members enter into agreement with THY on the basis of these General Terms and Conditions, the documents referred to herein, and in the understanding that changes may be made to these. “Turkish Airlines Corporate Club” refers to the name of the product offered to legal entities by Turkish Airlines. “Program” refers to the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club product whose terms and conditions are defined here. “Member” refers to a legal entity which accepts the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club terms and conditions and whose membership application is accepted. “Legal Entity” refers to companies, public institutions, associations, foundations and any other legal non-governmental organizations carrying out activities other than airline and travel agency activities. “Terms and Conditions” refers to the conditions of joining and executing the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program stated in this document. “Eligible Airline” refers to airlines included in the program. “Eligible Flights” refers to flights operated by eligible airlines and to which the program benefits apply. “Corporate Fare” refers to the current applicable fares with reference to Turkish Airlines Corporate Club benefits in countries in which the program is offered. “Authorized Person” refers to the individual designated as the responsible person at application and who is responsible for the management of the Corporate Account. “Limited User” refers to a person authorized by the authorized person to complete transactions via the Corporate Account. “Passenger” refers to people added to the Corporate Accounts as passengers by the authorized person. “Corporate Account” refers to the online platform (accessible with a user name and password) via which the authorized person and limited users can purchase tickets, add passengers, manage membership, etc. “Password” refers to the code consisting of letters or numbers created by the authorized person to access the Corporate Account. “User Name” refers to the e-mail address specified by the authorized person while applying to join the program. “Discount” refers discount benefits which are applied to the net fare of defined corporate fare classes, and which vary depending on the country in which the program is applied. “Turkish Airlines Corporate Club Partner Agency” refers to agencies which have signed the Partner Agency Contract with THY and which are authorized to issue tickets to corporate members. “Trip Code” refers to the code issued to members under the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program, and which is required to be entered for all member tickets. “Corporate Help Desk” refers to the e-mail address and call center established to provide service to members. “Turkish Airlines Corporate Club Card” refers to the card issued to allow members to check in at business class counters for international flights departing from Türkiye, and to access Lounges along with a guest. "Miles&Smiles” refers to THY's frequent flyer program offered to individual passengers. “Baggage Benefit” refers to the exclusive baggage benefit applied to corporate fares. 2.1. Institutions eligible for membership Membership of the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program is available to all legal entities which are legally at liberty to join corporate loyalty programs, are domiciled in any country in which the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program is offered, and which do not have an existing corporate travel agreement with THY. Legal entities may become program members as long as they conform to the rules concerning this status. 2.2. Institutions not eligible for membership Institutions and organizations engaged in the sale of plane tickets or authorized to sell plane tickets, travel agencies, or congress/fair etc. event companies are prohibited from becoming Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program members. 2.3. Individuality of applicants All legal entities which are part of a Holding and/or established Group Company may apply to the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program as a group or separately. In case a group company becomes a member, sub companies cannot make separate membership applications without the permission of the group company. 2.4. Commencement of membership Applying to the program is free of charge. Legal entities meeting the criteria of articles 2.1. and 2.2. intending to become members of the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program must complete the application form found on the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club official website. Then, once these general terms and conditions have been accepted, the application will be processed. THY will send the applicant a confirmation e-mail upon acceptance and program membership will begin as of the given membership start date. Turkish Airlines reserves the right to accept or reject any applications made to the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program. 2.5. Turkish Airlines Corporate Club corporate account Transactions related to membership and the services provided are managed via the Corporate Account. 2.5.1 Authorized person All transactions carried out via the Corporate Account are the responsibility of the authorized person. Changes to the authorized person must be requested via the Corporate Account. Requests regarding membership made by anyone other than the authorized person will not be considered. The authorized person is responsible for the accuracy of information requested in relation to membership. Loss of rights arising from incorrect information, updating information, missing contact information, etc. is the responsibility of the member. 2.5.2. User name and password A user name and password will be allocated to every member to access the Corporate Account. Any situations arising as a result of an unauthorized third party receiving a user name and password are the responsibility of the authorized person. The protection of the user name and the privacy of the password is the sole responsibility of the member and authorized person. If it is suspected that third party has obtained a user name and/or password, the Corporate Help Desk should be informed immediately. Until the Corporate Help Desk is informed of such a situation by the authorized person, THY is in no way liable for third parties holding user names or passwords, or for any damages or loss which may occur to the member or a third party. 3.1. Program content The benefits which members can take advantage of with the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program are defined on the official Turkish Airlines Corporate Club website. Program benefits may vary depending on the country in which the membership is registered and the availability of benefits. 3.2. Program membership code In order to track the number of flights purchased, THY will allocate a member a membership "Tour Code". THY is not responsible for any loss incurred by the member if the tour code issued to a member is entered incorrectly and/or not entered at all when tickets are purchased via sales channels other than the Corporate Account. 3.3. Program benefits 3.3.1. Discount benefit On tickets issued for flights operated by THY, discounts on corporate fares will be applied (regardless of any ticket purchase commitments) within the period specified in the Terms of Participation under the heading "Term of Membership, Termination, Suspension, End of Program Membership" in the Terms and Conditions. Discounts are applied to net fares. Fuel/insurance charges and tax are not subject to discount. Discounts are applied to "Passenger Type ADULT" fares. Discounts are not applied to any other fare type. For example, discounts are not applied to sailor/worker/child /elderly/infant fares. In addition to this, discounts are not applied to fares set for flights operated by airlines with which THY has entered into sales and marketing agreements, or “thorough fares” set for flights operated by other airlines which connect to THY flights (codeshare agreement fares, Special Prorate Agreement fares, etc.). Discounts are not applied to promotional classes. 3.3.2. Baggage benefit This is the baggage allowance automatically added to corporate fares once ticketed. There may be routes on which the baggage benefit is equal to or less than the general baggage allowance. THY does not guarantee that the baggage benefit will be equal to or exceed the general baggage allowance. 3.3.3. Turkish Airlines Corporate Club card The Turkish Airlines Corporate Club card is available to corporate structures with a flight volume above a certain turnover. Cards issued from foreign countries are valid in Turkey and the country indicated on the card, while cards issued in Turkey are valid only in Turkey. Cardholders can check in at the business counter on international flights departing from Turkey and benefit from CIP Lounges. A card is unique to a card holder, and will be issued for individuals specified by the member to be used by those individuals. THY will inform the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club card holder of the benefits provided to them as well as the card validity period. THY reserves the right to unilaterally change the number of cards issued, card validity and card benefits. A person who cancels a card cannot make another request for a card within the same year. 3.4. Eligible flights Business trips made by staff or third parties whose travel costs are covered by the member are included under the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program. Private travel of member staff, customer loyalty programs in effect or to be introduced for the purposes of sales and marketing of goods and services, and customer travel costs covered by sales campaigns and/or other similar activities are also included in the scope of the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program. Members accept and undertake that the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program will not be used to allocate tickets to third parties outside the scope of this article. If requested by THY, the member will provide THY with detailed documentation for tickets issued in the scope of the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program and evidence that the tickets are in the scope of this article in the format requested by THY. 3.5. Reservation and ticketing 3.5.1. Ticketing via corporate accounts Using the user name and password issued to it, a member may issue corporate tickets for passengers it has added via the Corporate Account. The number of passengers that can be added is limited to 100. A member can change 10 passengers per month. If requested by the member, THY may change the number of passengers and the right to change passengers depending of the volume of tickets purchased, employee number and sector of the member. The authorized person of the member is responsible for any loss that may arise from ticketing (incorrect entry of passenger information, incorrect route, etc.). Tickets purchased via the Corporate Account are automatically registered under the member's name. THY is not responsible for errors made during ticketing. However, if the member notifies THY of the error, THY will try to rectify the error as quickly as possible. 3.5.2. Turkish Airlines Corporate Club partner agency ticketing Alongside THY's direct sales channels, a member can make reservations and complete ticket transactions with an agency on the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club Partner Agency list. 3.5.3. Other sales channels THY may also open other channels other than the Corporate Account to members in the future, such as the THY Call Center, THY Mobile and THY Sales Offices. Members will be informed if another sales channel is opened. 3.6. Validity of program records In the calculation of Turkish Airlines Corporate Club earnings in relation to these General Terms and Conditions, only THY income data will be taken into consideration. Flight income is the net income of completed scheduled THY flight coupons covered in Article 3.3.1. and does not include taxes and other charges (service charges, fuel surcharges, VAT, etc.). The coupons indicated below are not included in the net income of flight coupons. a. Flight coupons issued by other airlines. b. Coupons used on THY flights issued with ticket stock of airlines other than THY, c. Flight coupons issued for partner flights with other airlines (codeshare), d. Flight coupons issued with Hajj/Umrah fares, e. Free ticket flight coupons, including tickets earned with ticket sales commission 4.1. Duration of membership A Turkish Airlines Corporate Club membership is valid for one year. Taking into account the flight data of the previous year, membership is automatically renewed for the following year, and the authorized person will be informed of the applicable benefits for the new period. Benefits offered under the program are valid throughout the membership period. 4.2. Termination, suspension and expiry of membership A member may terminate their Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program membership without notice using the contact form or by sending an e-mail to [email protected]. A member cannot claim any rights if membership is terminated at its own request. THY may terminate membership at any time without justification, on condition that 30 (thirty) days prior notice is given. If termination is justified, this notice period will not apply. THY may suspend membership in the following cases. The right to suspend a membership will continue in case there is any due suspicion that the cases below exist and while these are being investigated. If such cases do exist, without prejudice to all other rights to compensation and legal action, THY may terminate a membership with immediate effect without need for notice and will not honor its respective obligations to the member. I) Where the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club General Terms and Conditions of Participation, conditions specified in other Turkish Airlines Corporate Club information documents, or THY General Conditions of Carriage are severely contravened by persons for whom a member has purchased a ticket, II) Where incorrect information (e.g. membership information, details to do with flights taken) is provided by persons for whom a member has purchased a ticket, or taking advantage of the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program in contravention of the conditions or the law, III) Contravention of article 3.3., IV) A member's contravention of the membership confidentiality provisions, V) Transfer of the commercial title of the company, change of company name, assignment of the commercial title and assets to another person or organization, or transfer of the title to the other company, VI) A member's inability to pay its debts, declaration of bankruptcy, going into liquidation, or going into administration. VII) Where a member informs THY in writing that it will not be able to fulfill partially or fully its membership commitments, for financial, administrative, legal reasons, etc. 4.3. Validity of benefits in case of termination Rights earned in relation to the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club membership will remain valid for a period of 6 months after a membership is terminated through written notice, either by THY or the member. Within this period, the member may use its earned rights in exchange for awards in accordance with program conditions. In case THY has justifiable reason to terminate a membership, all rights and awards will become invalid upon termination. 5.1. Right to make changes to the program and right to repeal the program THY reserves the right to make changes to the benefits offered under the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program. Changes will be valid from the date members are informed of such changes or the date they are published on corporateclub.turkishairlines.com. If THY repeals the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program, members will be able to continue to take advantage of the benefits for 30 days after the date of announcement. 5.2. Non-waiver of rights and limitation of liabilities THY does not guarantee that awards under the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program will always be available, will always be awarded in the same amount, or that the member will be able to use these awards on the flight they request. THY holds all authority over the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program. If THY does not use a right it is entitled to under this program or does not request a member to adhere to a program condition; if there is a delay in the use of rights; or if periodical reward practices are contrary to actual practices and program principles; none of these constitute a waiver of THY's right of disposition over the program, nor of any of the rules with which the member is obliged to comply. Furthermore, exceptional program applications in terms of membership do not confer additional benefits to members and other parties, nor do they constitute a change to the principles of the program or set a precedent for other similar applications. Any delay of use or non-use of a right arising from one of the parties' contravention of any of the provisions of these terms of membership will not be considered a waiver of said right unless stated so clearly and in writing. The provisions of the General Conditions of Carriage which limit the liability of THY also apply to this program. In case of violation of these program conditions, the liability is limited to the direct material damages that occur and THY accepts no liability for indirect damages and non-pecuniary damages. 6.1. Preferred airline The member will notify the personnel traveling on business and authorized agency/agencies that THY is on the member's preferred carrier list. 6.2. Miles&Smiles membership Member employees will also be able to use their own Miles&Smiles cards on flights under the membership program herein. Miles&Smiles program terms and conditions apply to all earning of Miles, spending Miles, and card benefits under the Miles&Smiles program. THY reserves the right to separately determine Mile amounts and Mile types to be applied to these flights under the Miles&Smiles program. THY and the member undertake to keep information obtained in the scope of the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program confidential. Data belonging to members accessed in the scope of the THY program and required for the management of the program may, on condition that it does not contravene legislation, be processed in the scope of the program, may be transferred domestically/overseas, may be analyzed and/or used in marketing activities, and may be sent to or shared with program partners. Otherwise, no information or documents will be disclosed directly or indirectly to the public or third parties unless the written consent of the party concerned is provided. The below will not be considered confidential information. a) Information previously released to the public, b) Information required to be disclosed by the law, a court order or administrative order, c) Before being disclosed by the other party, and provided that it has not been acquired directly or indirectly from the disclosing party and has been acquired in a legal way, information that has already passed into its legal ownership, and information transmitted by a third party without restriction on disclosure in accordance with law, d) Information independently developed by the interested party. 6.4. Notification address and announcements Turkish Airlines address of notification is: Türk Hava Yolları A.O. Genel Yönetim Binası, Atatürk Havalimanı 34149, Yeşilköy, İstanbul. The address provided on the application from will be considered the member's legal address of notification. Notices made to these addresses will be legally valid unless any changes in address are announced in writing 3 (three) days in advance. Any announcements to do with contravention of contract, default, non-payment for services, or any claim for compensation as a result of damages will be sent to either party's address of notification by recorded mail, telegraph or notary; or will be delivered by hand in exchange for a signed and dated receipt of delivery. All other communications, including those relating to the use and execution of membership services, can be made by e-mail, SMS, fax, post or any other reasonable means of communication. 6.5. National legislation In some jurisdictions, local laws may impose restrictions on the General Terms and Conditions of the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program. THY has the right to take measures to ensure compliance with these restrictions. Members cannot demand payment etc., under whatever name, as a result of conforming to said restrictions. Entitlement to the benefits of the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program is dependent on the conditions stated in this membership, as well as on the condition that the members of the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program are only entitled to use their rights in accordance with membership, the principle of goodwill, and the membership itself being in effect. In case of the misuse of membership benefits by the member; a ticket is issued for reasons other than its intended purpose; benefits and/or free tickets in the scope of the program are sold to a third party; or in the event that THY is found to have suffered damages in any way, THY will terminate the membership immediately without prejudice to its legal rights. In this case, the member cannot claim any rights. For members who violate the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club General Terms and Conditions, abuse their awards or attempt to gain an benefit by giving false information, sanctions such as judicial punishment, payment of compensation, termination of Turkish Airlines Corporate Club membership and the voiding of any previously gained awards may be applied. Members will make every effort to use the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program as it was intended. It is the responsibility of the member to ensure that personnel are properly informed and that program conditions are respected. The failure of THY to exercise any right does not constitute a waiver of the use of such right. 6.7. Contravention of conditions Award documents obtained by non-legitimate means or means contrary to the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club General Terms and Conditions will not be accepted. 6.8. Validity of membership provisions Should any of the provisions of the agreement become invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any way, this will not affect the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions. 6.9. Right to transfer the program THY reserves the right to transfer the operation of the Turkish Airlines Corporate Club program to its predecessor company or other third party, and accordingly the agreements made with program members. Members will be informed of such a development with reasonable prior notice. 6.10. Non-transfer or assignment of membership Unless expressly permitted in writing by THY, program membership cannot be transferred or assigned, in full or in part, nor can any efforts to this end be made. 6.11. Force majeure The following have been defined as cases of force majeure should they prevent either party from fulfilling their rights and obligations under the program in part/full: severe economic crises affecting the aviation sector, strike/lockout, illegal strike, fire, war, acts of terrorism, legislative changes after the beginning of membership, governmental actions, natural disasters, and decisions and orders of competent authorities. The parties will inform the other within 2 (two) business days in case one or more of these instances of force majeure occur, detailing their nature and the date on which they started. As long as the instance of force majeure persists, the provisions of membership between the parties will be suspended, and in case the instance of force majeure persists for more than 30 (thirty) days the parties reserve the right to terminate the Membership mutually or unilaterally and in a manner that is expressly conclusive.
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There is also the potential for Bitcoin price to drop dramatically, which could put investors in a difficult position. The benefits of BTC for African banking Bitcoin (BTC) is increasingly being utilised by African banking and financial services to aid their economies and stimulate economic growth. From trading opportunities to payment methods, the digital currency has caused major changes in the banking sector in the continent.BTC has proved to be essential forAfrican banking and financial systems, providing reliable and cost-effective solutions for the continent’s needs. One of the major benefits of BTC for African banking is the low cost and increased efficiency it provides. Compared to other payment solutions, BTC transaction fees are very low and almost instant, making it an ideal solution when dealing with African banking. Furthermore, transactions at international borders are more convenient and efficient with BTC. This is especially important for countries with no established banking infrastructure or a reliable payment network. Additionally, BTC has the potential to improve financial services and banking for people living in rural and remote areas. By introducing BTC, African countries can increase access to banking and financial services in these areas as well as expand their market to areas that were previously inaccessible. This can be very beneficial in terms of increasing financial inclusion and enabling people to better manage their finances. Another major advantage of BTC is the security and truthfulness that it provides. All BTC transactions are recorded on blockchain, which is a public ledger stored on a distributed computing system. This trustless system leaves no room for manipulation, ensuring that all transactions can be traced and verified. This makes BTC an excellent choice for African banking, since it is much more difficult for criminals to steal or manipulate funds as compared to traditional systems. Finally, BTC also provides a unique opportunity for investors and traders. As the currency grows in value, more and more investors are attracted to the potential returns it provides. This gives African banking institutions the opportunity to invest in BTC and capitalise on the gains, allowing them to develop their economies even further. In conclusion, BTC has a lot to offer African banking and financial services. Low costs, security, trustlessness and convenient international transactions are some of the key benefits that BTC for African banking can offer. As the technology grows and evolves, more opportunities will arise and it is likely that BTC will prove to be an integral part of African banking. The disadvantages of Bitcoin The emergence of cryptocurrencies changed the way people perceive payment processors and digital currencies. Bitcoin, the first decentralised cryptocurrency, introduced a secure and efficient way of transacting without the need for a third-party intermediary. Despite its popularity and impressive technology, there are significant drawbacks associated with Bitcoin. One of the major disadvantages of Bitcoin is its lack of tangible security. Unlike most of the traditional currencies and payment methods such as cash and credit cards, Bitcoin does not provide any physical protection against theft or loss. All existing bitcoins are held in a digital wallet and if this wallet is hacked or a user’s data is exposed, they can easily be stolen. Additionally, it is not insured or backed by any government, so there is no service to recover lost bitcoins. Another major disadvantage of Bitcoin is its lack of privacy. All Bitcoin transactions can be viewed on the public blockchain. This means that it is easy for anyone to view the transactions of individuals and companies. Although it is possible to make some transactions more private, there is no guarantee that personal data will be kept secure as the nature of the blockchain makes it impossible to completely obscure data. Moreover, Bitcoin is volatile and there can be drastic price swings in the market. As Bitcoin transactions are done without the need for a third-party intermediary, cryptocurrency transactions are not reversible. If a user mistakenly sends money to another user, the funds can not be recovered. Additionally, if the user’s digital wallet is hacked and the bitcoins from the wallet are stolen, the user can not lodge a claim to get his funds back. Finally, Bitcoin transactions are incredibly slow and take a considerable amount of time to process. Even with the latest technology, it can take up to 10 minutes for a transaction to be processed, meaning that businesses can not offer speedy services to their customers. In conclusion, Bitcoin poses several disadvantages, such as its lack of physical security, lack of privacy, price volatility, and slow transaction speed. Therefore, when deciding on a payment processor, it is important to consider all of these drawbacks before making a decision. Who is using Bitcoin in Africa? Africa is quickly emerging as a leader in cutting-edge technologies, including Bitcoin and blockchain. The continent has experienced an explosion in the use of cryptocurrencies, as governments and citizens alike become increasingly aware of the potential of these technologies to empower users and promote economic growth. Across the continent, Bitcoin is becoming increasingly popular for both day-to-day transactions and more high-value investments. In Kenya, for example, over 16% of internet users have traded with cryptocurrencies, while in Zimbabwe and South Africa the figure stands at around 11%. E-commerce platforms such as Bitpesa in Kenya and Tanzania, and Luno in South Africa have helped to drive this growth, making it easier to purchase, store and transact cryptocurrencies. But it isn’t just individuals who are driving the growth of cryptocurrency use in Africa. Governments are also interested in exploring the potential of these technologies. This includes enabling mobile payments, reducing bureaucracy, and creating innovative approaches to raising funds. In 2019, the Government of Sierra Leone used blockchain to securely collect taxes in real-time. Similarly, in 2018, the Gambia Government established a blockchain-based remittance system to reduce the cost and speed of payments from the diaspora. African banks are also recognising the potential of cryptocurrency, and some have begun to explore its use for more efficient payment systems. Many banks are also working on launching their own digital currencies to make transactions more secure, faster and easier. The African blockchain industry is also picking up steam. Hospitals, schools and governmental institutions are exploring blockchain networks and improving the access to quality healthcare and education. Out of this, start-ups are forming to solve many of the African continent’s most pressing problems. Start-ups such as SureRemit in Nigeria, uses the blockchain to facilitate remittances by allowing workers abroad to send their families money easily and securely. Meanwhile, BitPesa, an African payment processor, is looking to revolutionise the way banks transfer money through its secure, cost-effective and fast payments platform. The potential of BTC in Africa The potential of Bitcoin in Africa is potentially immense. Bitcoin has emerged as an attractive means of financial exchange for African markets, allowing for lower transaction fees, faster remittance times and the ability to bypass traditional banking restrictions. As the continent’s economic landscape is rapidly evolving, the African population has become increasingly interested in tapping into the financial opportunities presented by cryptocurrencies, especially Bitcoin. With its growing population of over 1 billion people, Africa has great potential to become the world’s largest Bitcoin market. Not only is the continent ripe for economic growth and an exponentially increasing number of people looking to transact online, but the population’s familiarity with mobile payments also gives Bitcoin an advantage. Bitcoin also provides African nations with an unlimited amount of potential, as the technology is unbounded by the same cross-border regulations and volatility issues that restrict traditional currencies and payment systems. As a result, the cryptocurrency’s fast-paced setup, low fees and elimination of transactional charges, provides a level of financial inclusion and ease of global trade that the continent rarely has seen. Furthermore, one of the most prominent aspects of Bitcoin for African citizens is its ability to provide access to global markets. Due to the current lack of infrastructure in many countries, it may be difficult for African citizens to access international platforms or services. Bitcoin allows users to transact from anywhere in the world, providing access to much-needed goods and services. When considering the benefits of Bitcoin in Africa, it is also important to recognize the potential risks and drawbacks associated with the digital payment system. While the continent is ripe with potential, it is important to ensure that these currencies are kept in safe and reliable hands. Additionally, digital currencies remain highly volatile and the risk of theft or fraud is something to be heavily monitored. Africa is quickly becoming a global force in digital finance, and Bitcoin is helping to drive the continent’s economy forward by providing access to global markets and new frontiers of investment. As Africans become more familiar with digital currency and its potential uses, it is undoubtedly likely that Bitcoin will play a major role in the continent’s future economic success. The challenges of BTC adoption in Africa Cryptocurrencies, specifically Bitcoin, have been gaining traction in the international economy, with numerous countries around the world recognizing the potential of digital currencies, including Africa. On the one hand, this trend has the potential to revolutionise financial operations in the region, providing citizens with access to a faster and more secure way of conducting international transactions and expanding the economy. On the other hand, there are challenges that need to be addressed before Bitcoin can become commonplace in Africa. The primary obstacle to BTC adoption in Africa is the lack of infrastructure. While many countries in the region have a basic Internet connection, the infrastructure is unreliable and slow, making it difficult for businesses to conduct transactions in a reliable manner. In addition, the lack of financial institutions in the region, such as banks and payment processors, limits the potential to engage in cryptocurrency transactions. Another challenge is the regulatory framework in countries throughout Africa. While some countries have begun to recognize the potential of the cryptocurrency market, many still remain sceptical. The lack of clear regulations makes it difficult for businesses to enter the cryptocurrency space and for citizens to trust the system. Without a comprehensive regulatory framework in place, businesses may be hesitant to invest in the market, as well as for customers to trust that their transactions are secure. Third, Without access to adequate education, citizens may be unaware of the potential advantages of Bitcoin compared to traditional forms of payment, such as cash. As such, they may be hesitant to get involved in the cryptocurrency market and may be vulnerable to potential scams or fraudulent activities. Finally, there is the issue of funding. Without access to additional financing, businesses are unable to develop the necessary infrastructure to support a cryptocurrency economy. This can be particularly limiting since it reduces the chances that merchants will accept Bitcoin as a payment method, reducing its utility as a means of transaction. Overall, the challenges of Bitcoin adoption in Africa must be addressed before the currency can become a viable part of the regional economy. Infrastructure must be improved, regulations need to be developed, and citizens must be educated about the potential benefits of the cryptocurrency. While these challenges may seem daunting, there is the potential to revolutionise the African economy. How BTC is transforming African banking The world’s financial landscape is evolving faster than anyone anticipated, and Africa is no exception. Since the invention of Bitcoin (BTC) in 2008, cryptocurrency has been on the rise, and its influence is being felt across many industries, especially in the banking sector in Africa. Many African countries are embracing BTC, and the technology behind it, to facilitate and modernise the process of financial services, creating more equitable banking systems for all. Before BTC, it was hard for Africans to access banking services, due to the lack of availability of financial infrastructure, complex banking systems, and an overall slow digitization process. Also, astronomical costs of international transactions were making it hard for people to transfer money across countries. With BTC, anyone with a mobile device or computer now has access to a variety of banking services without any geographical limitation. The effects of BTC on African Banking have been such that, it is now not only easier to send and receive money, but also track transactions with higher transparency. This has been seen through the emergence of peer-to-peer transactions and low transaction-costs; enabling Africans, who previously had limited access to banking services, to send, receive and store money more cheaply, quickly, and securely. BTC also eliminates the need for intermediary financial service providers to help facilitate large amounts of payments and transfers via banks. Another impact of BTC on African Banking is in the form of smart contracts and blockchain technology. This technology provides a secure and immutable platform to help people in Africa to store and transfer money transparently, decreasing the possibility of money being transferred to malicious or fraudulent accounts, and thus helping to protect against corruption and fraudulent activities. It is also important to note that BTC has the potential to provide African banks with the opportunity to expand into international markets, and benefit from international transactions. This is particularly true for those countries whose banking systems are not well integrated with the international banking system. Finally, BTC introduces a new level of security and trust in the banking landscape. By introducing decentralised cryptocurrency services, BTC provides a platform for users to securely store their funds, and verify that the money has indeed transferred to the intended account. The future of BTC in Africa Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology have been a prominent buzzword in discourse over the past decade, though they have yet to make a substantial impact in Africa. With the potential to circumvent Africa’s many limitations of access to conveniences such as banking services, international payments, and insurance, crypto and blockchain promise to revolutionise the continent’s financial and technology landscape. But how does this new ecosystem impact the future of Bitcoin (BTC) in Africa? When it comes to the future of BTC in Africa, there are both positive and negative considerations that must be discussed. On the one hand, Africa has a large population of unbanked citizens who face extreme difficulty in sending and receiving money, making transactions, and accessing credit and other services. Where a traditional banking system would require visited banks, long wait times, and increased paperwork, BTC offers an innovative, decentralised, and accessible solution. This cryptocurrency has already demonstrated the capacity to revolutionise remittance payments, making them simpler, cheaper, and faster. On the other hand, there is a lack of regulatory oversight for BTC and other cryptocurrencies, which could lead to uncertainty about their future, and an unstable market climate. Another consideration is the potential for usage of BTC by the less developed countries with their vulnerable, fledgling economies. By allowing citizens to more efficiently access international markets and goods, BTC could provide a more liquid economy for them, which could give them more economic stability. This same concept could be used in developing nations that are trying to bridge the gap between their own currencies and those of others. On the other hand, there are some potential drawbacks to BTC in Africa as well. For instance, many African governments are still wary of cryptocurrencies and the potential risks they could pose to the economy. This could create additional regulations on this emerging technology, which could hamper its growth in the continent. Additionally, some African countries have already expressed concerns about the potential of cryptocurrencies to be utilised for money laundering or other types of criminal activities, which could make it difficult for BTC to gain traction in the region. Overall, the future of BTC in Africa will depend largely on how well the governments, individuals, and businesses of the continent embrace the emerging technology.
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Allen's Clinical Hints compiled from T.F. Allen's Hand Book by Aldo Farias Dias M.D. Presented by Médi-T The most characteristic indication for Abies in indigestion is the distress as if something were knotted up in the stomach. It has often proved curative in the dyspesia resulting from the use of tea and tobaco. This drug has been used as a remedy for prolonged spasm of children, and in a few cases of epileptiform convulsions of older persons. Its clinical history, is however, very imperfect. General anemia with a waxy skin, anasarca, emaciation and sweats. Delirium in a low fever, with profuse sweats and diarrhea. Membranous croup, with bright-red face and perspiration. It should be given in anemia of nursing women. The convulsions arrested or prevented by Aconite are not dependent upon a chronic constitutional taint, but result from a sudden nervous shock, such as fright, or are of recent origin, as in the puerperal, state; the face is red, hot and sweaty, with other symptoms as above. In hysterical spasms, neuralgias, congestions, hemorrhages, and effects of shock from injury or fright, the terrible mental distress characteristic of the drug must be the guide to its successful use;also after exposure to sun or great heat, with a plethoric appearance, some anaesthesia or great sensitivenessto touch, Acon. may be used always with mental anxiety and acute sensitiveness to pain. The pains are usually acute, sticking, and often associated with or followed by numbness. Restlessness and agonized tossing about are essential in a case requiring Aconite. In delirium, with ravings about death, hot face and head; effects of fright; fear of crowds or of death, with anguish, etc. The headache associated with fever is a hot, full, pulsating, bursting pain, with flushed face, etc., reminding one of Bell.; the neuralgia of scalp and skull varies; usually sharp, shooting along nerves (Spig.), drawing, tense, numb (Verbasc.), or pulsating (Glon.). The anterior portion of head is usually involved. The peculiar mental distress accompanies all the headaches (clinically). In the first stage of acute inflammations of various tissues of the eye and its appendages, with heat, dryness and sharp pain, before any exudation has taken place. Acute inflamation from foreign bodies, etc. In acute aggravations of chronic disease (catarrh, trachoma, etc.). In recent paralysis from cold. In ciliary and orbital neuralgia. Acute symptoms from overstrain of muscles. Inflamation of external parts, even involving the tympanum, with fever, excruciating pain, caused by a draught of cold air. Neuralgia, involving ear and parts about it. Incipient coryza, nares hot and dry, or with hot fluid discharge, with chills and fever. Haemorrhage of bright, hot blood, with anxiety (Ham., Secale, Phos., Croc., blood dark). The expression in fever is flushed and anxious, in neuralgia pinched and suffering in tetanus drawn and rigid. The neuralgia commonly cured results from cold, is of recent origin, and usually associated with tingling and numbness (Verbascum). Several cases of tetanus have been cured. Teething with hot inflamed gums, great distress, etc. The tongue often feels swollen with the fever; acute glossitis, with dry hot mouth (Mercur. with salivation). Acute inflammation of various portions of the throat, with swelling, dryness, sticking pain (rarely, if ever, indicated after infiltration, exudation or ulceration has taken place). Acon. is indicated in distress at the stomach, retching and vomiting (especially of green substances), associated, with fever (at the outset of an eruptive disease), or without fever following a severe shock, such as fright, or with sudden suppression of menstruation or perspiration, with anxietyand restlessness; occasionally also in infants during dentition when the general state corresponds. In various inflammatory processes, peritonitis; enteritis, in the early stage with severe, agonizing pain, tossing about, high fever, etc.; violent colic from cold; early inflammatory symptoms in the hepatic region; severe inflammation or engorgement of the pelvic viscera when the other conditions correspond, Aconite has been promptly efficacious. Violent pain in rectum, with chill and fever, inflammation, tenesmus and bloody discharges (dysentery), in early stage. Bleeding piles, with heat and sharp stitches, blood bright. Diarrhoea, wstools green, watery, after a chil or fright. Choleraic discharges with collapse, deathly anxiety and restlessness. Acute inflammation of various parts, with fever, hot urine, great agony at the thought of micturition, etc. Retention of urine (especially in infants). In fever the urine is dark, hot and scanty, but with no evidence of nephritis. Rare cases of congestion of the kidney, with bloody urine; pain in kidneys, fever, etc. Acute prostratitis, from cold especially, supervening on chronic disease. Suppressed or painful menstruation from violent emotions (fright), sudden chill, with anguish, fever, etc. Metrorrhagia, bright and hot, with general Aconite symptoms. Acute orchitis, with general fever. The Aconite cough is dry, either short hacking or hard ringingand croupy, it hurts the larynx (in laryngitis) or the chest (in pleurisy or pneumonia). In the first stage of membranous croup, with high fever, great anxiety and restlessness, it will often abate the attack. (Iodine is also applicable at this stage of high fever, but the patient is quiet and the exudation has already become plastic; after the fever abates neither Acon. nor Iodine is indicated). The cough is aggravated by warmth (on expiration) usually. In congestion of the lungs, with great oppression, distress and anxiety, expectoration of bright, hot blood. In the hyperaemic stage of inflammations of the thoracic viscera (with the general indications), prior to exudation, Acon. will be found invaluable. After Acon. either Iodine or Bryonia follows well; both these have high fever without anguish, both seem to be associated with an exudative process. Acute symptoms occurring during the progress of chronic diseases occasionally require Acon. Exceedingly valuable in acute inflammations, with fever, stitches at heart, violent beating and anguish. The febrile pulse of Acon. is full, hard and rapid. In cardiac inflammations requiring Acon., the patient must lie on the back with the head raised. Neuralgia, especially of the upper extremities, with numbness of the limb as if the blood did not circulate freely, resulting from a sudden check of perspiration; finds a prompt remedy in Acon. (Aconitum uncinatum, from Virginia, has made some brilliant cures of this sort.). Neuralgic pains in the lower limbs point to its use in sciatica. Acute muscular rheumatism of the back and limbs occasionally demands Acon., but it is rarely useful in true arthritic inflammations. It will be noticed that the pains are usually drawing, tense and numb and relieved by open air. While Acon. is not applicable to the cure of diseases of the skin dependent on a constitutional dyscrasia, yet its power to produce vesicles associated with the neuralgic pains naturally leads to itsuse in the prodromal stage of Herpes zoster (Ram. b.). The nervous sensations, especially formication and the asleep-sensation,point to its use in certain neuroses. The Aconite fever is sthenic in type and for the most part not remittent, though the aggravation towards evening is decided. It is not useful in fever as a symptom of any form of malarial or septic poisoning, nor of a localized inflammatory process, but is adapted to a general febrile state without a pathological lesion (in this respect differing from Iodine, Bryonia, Gelsemium, etc.). The never-failing characteristic is the mental anguish, without which Aconite is useless; if the patient be quiet and apathetic Acon. is not the remedy, no matter how high the temperature; thirst and restlessness are present. Frequently there are alternations of chill and fever, but the sweat is usually critical and terminates the attack. It is valuable in the chilly as well as the febrile stage preceding the development of many eruptions and lesions, but when the preliminary storn has passed and the lesion has become established, the picture changes from Aconite to some other remedy. It has proved palliative in cardiac dyspnoea (Curare, Phos..) (with "Cheyne-Stokes" respiration). Almost the only use of this drug has been for subacute rheumatic gout of the small joints, associated with sour stomach. The patients, as a rule, are despondent and irritable. Is a valuable remedy for follicular inflammation of the posterior wall of the pharynx, with the symptoms above empllasized; it is to be compared especially with Phytolacca. The action of this drug on the liver associated with engorged portal circulation, especially in large haemorrhoids, is extremely marked; see symptoms above and compare with Pod. For protruding, purple piles with the symptoms noted this drug has been found extremely valuable, and for these troubles it has won its greates laurels; especially associated with them and almost characteristic of the drug are the severe pains in the sacrum and small of back and the fulness in the region of the liver. These pronounced symptoms of the back are usually associated with haemorrhoids, but the drug has also been used for lumbago not associated with any hepatic or haemorrhoidal disease; even dysmenorrhoea with the peculiar sacro-iliac pains has been relieved. A case of infantile paralysis, with the characteristic for Aethusa, is reported cured. It is reported to have cured a discharge from the r.ear associated with spasms, stupor and vomiting of milk. For vomiting of milk (in young children), especially of curdled milk, this remedy is unrivalled: associated with this condition or consequent upon the gastric derangment there may be diarrhoea of a thin yellow or greenish character (Gratiola, Gamboge). Some very obstinate cases of gastrointestinal catarrh have been cured by Aethusa, and it has even arrested convulsions and paralytic symptoms, which doubtless had their origin in indigestion. The vomiting or evacuation by the bowels of curds of milk is quite a characteristic indication. Chorea and chorea-like twitchings, neuralgia and various troubles due to weak irritable nerves, with an irritable, anaemic spine, frequently find their remedy in Agaricus. General aggravation from walking in the open air and relief from being warm in bed predominate. There is no evidence of any chrong constitutional dyscrasia, such as underlies epilepsy. Tremor and tremulous tongue in low fever, with delirium and attempts to get out of bed. Vertigo from the sun. Severe neuralgic headaches mostly in small spots, sharp piercing pain as from a nail (Ign.). Dull headache from prolonged desk-work. An exceedingly valuable remedy in asthenopia from prolonged strain, spasm of accommodation (Physostig.), twitching of eyes and lids; weakness of the muscles, with "swimming" of the type; myopia, with chronic chorioiditis. The subjective symptoms are extremely interesting, but there are very few clinical verifications; the frost-bitten sensation is, however, characteristic here as elsewhere. Spasm of the muscles of the pinna of the ear, especially of the attollens, persistent spasms, so that they attracted attention. The neuralgic prosopalgia of Agaricus is electriclike, as of splinters between skin and flesh, mostly in the infraorbital nerve, and along the jaws. The symptoms of the lips are very marked, and have been nearly all verified. These eruptions about the mosth have been repeatedly cured in growing children given to jerkings, licking the lips, and with more or less chorea-like symptoms. The symptoms of irritation in the nose, and the spasmodic sneezing as well as the discharge of pure,water from nostrils without inflammatory symptoms, all point to its use in nervous complaints, with these peculiarities (whooping cough, chorea, etc.). Neuralgic toothache < in open air. Neuralgic, splinter-like pains in tongue, with salivation. The gastro-enteric symptoms are due to an acute catarrhal inflammation with severe sharp pains, often with purging or only with great flatulence. The profuse inodorous flatus is often found in the nervous affections requiring Agaricus. The pains in the region of the liver may indicate the drug in hepatic disease, but probably not in an acute inflammation. The nervous invalid who requires Agaricus usually passes little urine (unlike Ignatia), though the bladder may be irritable. Violent spasmodic dysmenorrhoea, with terrible bearing-down pains. Itching of genitals, neuralgic pains in pudenda. Spasmodic, convulsive, nervous cough, which may provoke a secondary haemorrhage. Most of the sensations are of a neuralgic character, but many seem to be dependent on the abnormal circulation in the lungs, caused by Agaricus. (Dyspnoea caused by contracted bloodvessels and unoxygenized blood.). The pains are mostly aggravated by exercise and after eating. Spasmodic cough at night after falling asleep. (Night-sweats in phthisis. Laryngeal catarrh, with expectoration of small hard lumps (Stan.) and soreness in larynx.). A valuable remedy for irregular tumultuous palpitation, especially for the irritable heart of tea and coffee drinkers and of tabacco-smokers (compare Arsenic and Spigelia). Symptoms of spinal irritation, with pains, often dull but usually sharp, sticking, with excessive sensitiveness of the spine to touch, most severe in upper dorsal region, have been repeatedly verified. Lumbago, with a host of severe muscular pains, all worse on walking in the open air. Neuralgic pains, sharp, shooting, as if under the skin, often shifting from place, worse on motion. Sensations as if a part (especially of feet) had been frozen and was burning on being restored. Neuralgia in locomotor ataxia. The sensations in the skin are due apparently to a pure neurosis and not to any tissue change in the skin itself. The burning itching and redness as after a frost-bite are the chief characteristic indications. The symptom of sadness, with the impression of speedy death , has led to the successful use of this drug in puerperal mania, in which the patient even hinted that she intended to commit suicide. Agnus castus is an extremely valuable remedy for loss of sexual power in men, amounting even to complete impotency. The indication for the use of this drug is coldness of the genital organs, with complete loss of sexual instinct; it has also been used for loss of sexual power following gonorrhoea, or associated with a chronic gleety discharge. It may be used for great relaxation of the genital organsof women, with leucorrhoea, or with these symptoms, scanty and diminishing secretion of milk, perfect abhorrence of sexual intercourse. With the low fever general stupor or indifference, with sighing. Constant frontal headache of a neuralgic character. Headache paroxysmal, with drowsiness during the day, confused mind, mental depression. Diphtheritic scarlatina, with ichorous discharge from the nose, throat dusky red, with grayish exudation, great swelling both internal and external. Scarlet fever, with symptoms of depression, eruption slow in appearing, of a livid hue, or with petechiae; patient stupid, with diphtheritic infiltration and much swelling of the throat; scarlet fever, deep coma, tip of nose and extremities cold, rash pale violet, involuntary discharges. It has been found useful for prolapsus uteri associated with general anaemia and scanty menstruation; the pains are griping clutching in the right inguinal region extending down the thigh; it has also been used for leucorrhoea and endometritis. It cured haemorrhoids in one of the provers. The headache of Allium cepa is mostlyin the forehead, extending to temples and downward to eyes and into the face, associated with coryza. The inflammation of the eyes and nose is characterizedby the symptoms as emphasized. The lachrymation is generally very profuse, with burning and smarting, but,as a rule, does not excoriate the lids, while the discharge from the nose is watery and extremely acrid. With these symptoms noted further on. For acute fluent coryza of this character the drug stands unrivalled. The abdominal symptoms seem to beof a catarrhal character, and are in many respects similar to those of Sulphur,with whichit should be compared. The cough of this drug is sometimes associated with extreme hoarseness, and in addition to the symptoms given there has been clinically noted a feeling as if the larynx would split, or as if the mucous membrane would be torn out on coughing, with excessive watering of the eyes. This drug has been used for neuralgias following amputations or injuries of nerves, characterized by fine, threadlike pains, shooting, but not burning like those of Arsenic. This drug has been used for strumous disorders, enlarged submaxillary glands, leucorrhoeas, with erosions of cervix, which bleed easily, amenorrhoea, burning pain from back to pubis. Frontal headache is most characteristic of this drug; it is generally associated with abdominal symptoms; it is rarely useful for neuralgic headaches. The abdominal symptoms are apt to be associated with pressureand fulness in the region of the liver. There is always great accumulation of flatus, which presses downward and causes distress in the lower bowel. Engorgement of the haemorrhoidal veins is one of the most constant effects of Aloes, and itis one of the best remedies for haemorrhoids as above characterized. The diarrhoea is particularly treacherous; that is, the patient does not have a proper sense of the accumulation of faecal matter in the rectum, and there is loss of power in the sphincter, so that the stool escapes easily, and when the desire for stool comes the patient is scarcely able to attendto it. Aloes has been prescribed with success in constipation with heavy pressure in the lower part of the abdomen, particularly with a feeling of a plug in the pelvis, as above mentioned; in chronic dysentery, with the abdominal symptoms of flatulence and the burning in anus and rectum, the discharge sometimes of jelly-like lumps, intense pain and soreness in rectum after the stool. Valuable for uterine haemorrhage, with feeling of great heaviness of uterus and the sensation of a plug above noted. The uterus always feelstoo heavy and engorged, as if haemorrhage would take place at any time. Camp diarrhoea of undigested food; bloody; especially of malarial origin, from drinking bad water, or even dysenteric symptoms, with great prostration. Has been used in India for the malarial fevers of that country, and it has also been found valuable as a tonic in the debility following exhausting fevers. Boenninghausen cured four cases of locomotor ataxia. Squinting in children during teething. Subacute and catarrhal inflammation of conjunctiva, particularly with dryness and smarting, great loss of power of the eyelids so that it is difficult to open the lids. The most important indications for this drug are the burning and dryness without much discharge and without destruction of tissue. It is usefulin asthenopia from irritated conjunctivae, also in granular lids and chronic blepharitis. The characteristic sore throat, especially in speakers, with great dryness of the mucous membrane, which is inflamed, not pale; with the sore throat the uvula may be relaxed and cause a persistent tickling cough, with constant inclination to clear the throat, but almost always with dryness, sometimes with a sharp splintery feeling in the throat; dryness, irritability and relaxation seem to be the characteristic indications for this drug. Constipation is the rule in cases requiring Alumina; the rectum is inactive, the stools are hard, often associated with soreness of the rectum and anus, which bleed readily, so that the hard stool is frequently followed blood. It is particularly useful in the constipation of children, with dry and inflamed rectum and bleeding. Has to strain at stool in order pass urine. Involuntary emissions, particularly when straining at stool, have been found to be a valuable indication for the use of this drug in sexual weakness, especially in elderly people. Gonorrhoeal bubo, with a yellowish gonorrhoeal discharge, with burning and itching along urethra, particularly at meatus. General dryness of the skin is marked in patients requiring this drug. Intolerable itching, forcing scratching until the skin bleeds, on getting warm in bed, has been found associated with the characteristic constipation. Valuable in the chronic laryngeal catarrh of speakers, or with dry spasmodic cough, which becomes almost continuous, especially at night, with tickling, heat and burning. It has cured neuralgia of the l. ovary. Generally useful in great prostration with falling temperature. Haemorrhages, especially under the skin, with general anaemia. Sometimes useful after haemorrhage from the bowels, with very low temperature. It is of use in poisoning by charcoal fumes; (Arnica is sometimes used in these cases, also Bovista.) Patients requiring this drug are generally listless and lethargic. Vertigo or feeling of looseness in the brain as if it fell from side to side, whichever way the head was turned . Sometimes in the beginning of cerebro-spinal meningitis the patient falls into a stupid non-reactive state; he is cold, the surface is cyanotic; pulse weak; in such cases this drug will bring about a reaction; then you may select some more specific remedy which will cure the trouble. Muscular asthenopia from prolonged use of the eyes, with appearanceof yellow spots on looking at white objects. In children, catarrh, stoppage and acrid burning discharge, inability to sleep on account of the stoppage, starts up; also nosebleed on washing the face or hands or after eating. Indicated in uraemia with the characteristic symptoms of the drug. Catarrhal leucorrhoea, acrid, burning. Tendency to haemorrhage; menses too frequent and too profuse. Chronic cough of old people, with tickling in larynx or under the sternum dyspnoea, great shortness of breath; the cough is apt to be worse in the early morning hours; sometimes with bloody expectoration. Chronic bronchitis of old people, with emphysema. This drug is indicated in pneumonia when there is great debility, with symptoms pointing to the formation of heart clot. It is a useful remedy in scarlatina, low type, with somnolence and other characteristic symptoms. Loss of voice , with great debility or with burning rawness in throat. Spasm of the glottis (or paralysis), with suffocation, the patient gasps for breath. Muscular rheumatism of the shoulders. The mucous secretions are generally increased; free in the air passages; cover the stool; profuse leucorrhoeas; free discharge from nose, etc. Coryza, with acrid, vatery discharge, ulcerative pain in nostril, nose very sore to touch. Discharge scalding hot, also with cold feeling between shoulders. Loss of smell. Swelling of tonsils so that he can scarcely swallow, after taking cold. Chronic congestion of the liver, with depression of spirits, stools coated with mucus. Constipation, with hard, crumbly stool, or the faeces are covered with glairy mucus. Chronic diarrhoea during menstruation, green mucous stools; sometimes diarrhoea alternates with constipation. Many abdominal symptoms during menstruation and pregnancy, constipation as abov, liver swollen and sensitive, with jaundice, flatulent distention of abdomen. Menstruation too early and free, flows more at night. During pregnancy pain in l. side of abdomen as if sprained. Pulmonary catarrh, with hacking, scraping cough; cough < by lying on back or r.side. The dry cough, with stitches in chest, may become loose in the afternoon or at night. Profuse expectoration, with rattling of mucus in old people, with coldness between the shoulders. In catarrhal pneumonia of children, with ropy, tenacious expectoration. This drug has been used in the treatment of chronic sprains. It is one of the remedies when there is contraction of the hamstring tendons, which seem tight when walking, > by continued motion. Cures sciatica; the pains < by sitting, somewhat > by walking entirely > by lying. It has been used for the neuralgic pains in stumps of amputated limbs. It is use ful for tearing, stitching pains from ulceration in heels, < at night in bed, > by rubbing. Cold feeling between shoulders. It has been used successfully in some cases of nodosities of the joints of the fingers and backs of the hands, and also for chronic bronchitis in patients suffering from chronic rheumatic gout. It has also been used with success in facial paralysis. Useful for persons who are debilitated either by age or overwork, who are anaemic, sleepless, have twitching of the muscles. Nervous spasmodic cough, with frequent eructations, distress about the heart, etc. These coughs are of a nervous king, paroxysmal, cough especially on waking in the morning, ending with violent eructations; the chest becomes very sore to external touch, the cough is aggravated by the presence of people; it may be hollow and barking, but the eructations are particularly characteristic. Temporarily relieved epileptiform convulsions. Hysterical symptoms, with flushes, profuse menstruation, etc. Valuable for violent neuralgic headaches, with great flushing of the face, gasping for breath, tremulousness, dyspnoea, or alternating paleness and coldness of the face, especially of one side. Sometimes useful in the results of sunstroke with the characteristic surging of the head and face, oppressed respiration, staring eyes, choking in throat. Exophthalmic goitre, the result of grief, with the characteristic flushing of the drug, enlarged thyroid gland, irregular, tumultuous action of heart, dyspnoea. Effects of suppression of the menses, or after the cessation of menses, flushing headache or general flushes over the face and upper part of the body. Said to be valuable in hour-glass contraction of the uterus and haemorrhages from the uterus. Valuable for after-pains which flushing of the face Cough, spasmodic, suffocative, with great oppression of chest. Dyspnoea of Bright's disease. Cardiac oppression, tumultuous action of the heart, violent pulsationin carotids. A valuable palliative in hypertrophy of the heart, with insufficiency of the aortic valves. Ammoniacum has obtained some repute for the relief of humid asthma, and catarrhal affections of the air passages, as an expectorant. It has relieved severe bronchitis with free mucus, expectoration, stitches in chest, frontal headache, dim vision, etc. Violent bronchial cough at night, with very free expectorationof stringy mucus. Often used for chronic bronchorrhoea with very tenacious expectoration, sometimes with a feeling as if something would be torn loose, and the patient clutches at the sternum, generally worse at night. Alcoholism, restlessness , sleeplessness, twitching of muscles, he hears voices saying that he going to die. It has been found useful in injuries of tendons and in chronic rheumatic troubles. Loss of memory, with melancholia, great difficulty in collecting the thoughts; the weakness of memory and mental depression have been relieved in syphilitic patients, but without marked relief of the general syphilitic symptoms. Melancholia, with fixed ideas of demons. At times inclination to swear; or the idea that he is possessed of two persons or wills. Fears that he is pursued or suspected. In general it cures a great variety troubles associated with profound melancholy and hypochondriasis, associated with complete loss of memory, or with tendency to use violent language. Extremely valuable for brain fag. The headaches are digging, throbbing in character, > by eating, but < by any attempt to use the mind or by overwork. Deafness, with loss of memory. Morning sickness of pregnancy, relieved while eating, but the symptoms soon return. Stools very sluggish, the return seems plugged up; the attempt to have a stool causes distress in abdomen. Palpitation, especially in old people, when complicated with such slight difficulties as an ordinary coryza, rheumatic affections of the pericardium. Rheumatic pericarditis, with double stitches through the cardiac region, one stitch is quickly followed by another, then there is a long interval. Diseases of the spinal cord, sensation of a band around the body, feeling of a plug in the spine so that any motion of the body causes a pain as if the plug were sticking still further into the body, paralyzed feeling in knees, the patient is scarcely able to walk, feeling as if the knees were bandaged. Extremely valuable in eczema, especially with great irritability of mind, the eruptions itch excessively and burn. The symptoms of this drug are to be compared with Rhus, to which they are very similar. Copyright © Aldo Farias Dias 2000
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Thomas Chippendale. From Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker's Director . . . of Household Furniture in the Gothic, Chinese and Modern Taste. London: Thomas Chippendale, 1754. Approx. 17 1/2 x 11 (paper size). Engraving. Hand color. Very good condition. These lovely prints are from one of the finest, and definitely most famous, furniture makers of the Eighteenth Century, Thomas Chippendale (1718-1779). Established in the Mid Eighteenth Century, Chippendale's furniture firm has become synonymous with the British Rococo. These particular prints are from the first edition of his celebrated pattern book, "The Gentleman and Cabinet-maker's Director." Published in 1754, it served as a trade catalogue and guide to clients. Containing 161 plates, it beautifully illustrates the different forms of English Rococo furniture; the French, the Gothic, and the Chinese. So successful was the publication that a nearly identical second edition was issued in 1755, and a third enlarged and revised edition appeared in 1762. This delicate and slightly whimsical style of furniture served as the transition from the heavier and regal, Baroque, to the restrained and elegant, Neo Classicism. Pieter van Laër aka Bamboccio. "The Farm Yard." London: John Boydell, October 1, 1768. 16 7/8 x 22 3/4. Copper plate engraving by P.C. Canot. Trimmed to plate mark. Repairs at lower corners of margins. Else, very good condition. A charming pastoral scene set near a Roman ruin, where farm animals are gathered peacefully in the foreground. Such subjects were typical of the work of van Laër or Bamboccio, and this is a fine example. John Boydell (1719-1804) was educated to be a surveyor but upon seeing some beautiful landscape prints by W. H. Toms he was determined to be an artist and so apprenticed himself to that same artist. He became a masterful engraver and made a fortune and great reputation for himself. He is credited with transforming Britain from a print importing country to one that exported that valuable and prestigious product. In 1791 he was elected to be Lord Mayor of London and continued to provide prints for the general population and artists in England. $450 Josiah Boydell, pinxit. "John Boydell / Engraver." London: John Boydell, 10 August 1777. 16 1/8 x 12 7/8 (image). Mezzotint by Valentine Green. Hair margins. Laid paper. Small replacement at bottom left corner; otherwise fine impression and time toning. Ref.: Smith, II, 538. John Boydell (1719-1804) was educated to be a surveyor but upon seeing some beautiful landscape prints by W.H. Toms he was determined to be an artist and so apprenticed himself to that same artist. He became a masterful engraver and made a fortune and great reputation for himself. When this portrait was published he had entered politics and had been elected alderman in his ward. Michael Bryant's Biographical Dictionary of Painters and Engravers states that he produced 4,432 engravings in his lifetime, and they were housed in the large volumes depicted over his left shoulder in this portrait. Boydell points to his print showing St. George and the Dragon, and an engraver's burin is on the table next to him. He is credited with transforming Britain from a print importing country to one that exported that valuable and prestigious product. In 1791 he was elected to be Lord Mayor of London and continued to provide prints for the general population and artists in England. An exquisite piece. $1,600 Paul Sandby, R.A. "Ember Court, in Surrey, the Seat of the Right Hon. Lord Cranley." From A Collection of One Hundred and Fifty Select Views in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. London, 1782-3. Ca. 5 1/4 x 7. Engraving by M. A. Rooker. Hand coloring. Full margins. Some foxing and discoloration, but overall very good impression and vibrant color. From a series of beautiful prints of English landscapes and country houses by Paul Sandby, R.A. (1730-1809). Sandby, a painter and draughtsman of great fame, was rightly considered by his contemporaries to be one of the key figures in the development of British art in the second half of the eighteenth century. An especially talented topographical artist, he was singled out by Thomas Gainsborough as "the only Man of Genius...who has employ'd his Pencil that way". [L. Hermann, British Landscape Painting of the 18th Century] These fresh and lovely views of magnificent English country houses in their landscape settings are excellent examples of Sandby's "genius" as a landscape and architectural artist. He was able to capture vividly the precise architectural and incidental detail, as well as the breathtaking settings, that make these English country seats so special. Wonderful prints from the great period of British landscape and topographical art. $145 Go to page with British views by Sandby Prints from Boydell's History of the River Thames London: J. & J. Boydell, 1794-6. 8 1/8 x 12 3/8. Aquatint by Joseph Constantine Stadler. Full original hand color. Full margins. Very good condition. John Boydell, a land surveyor in the employment of his father, was inspired by an engraving by W.H. Toms to leave his home in Shropshire about 1750 and walk to London to apprentice himself to Toms. After six years, Boydell set up his own shop and thus began his career as one of the greatest of print publishers. Boydell was much concerned with the French dominance of the European print market at mid-century, and it was mostly by his efforts that by the 1780s it was British engraved prints that were dominant. One of John's later projects, published with Josiah Boydell, was this series of views of the Thames River Valley. These prints, drawn by Joseph Farington, are excellent examples of the art of aquatinting, and they provide an intimate look at the heart of England during the late eighteenth century. "Clower-Wall the Seat of Sr. Richard Cocks." From Britannia Illustrata or Views of Several of the Queens Palaces also of the Principal Seats of the Nobility and Gentry of Great Britain. London, . Drawing and etching by Johannes Kip and Leonard Knyff. Double folio. Image size 13 3/4 x 17. Etching. Hand-coloring. Full margins. Very good condition. Johannes Kip (1653-1722) was a draughtsman and engraver, who worked first in his native Amsterdam before moving to London at the end of the seventeenth century. He did portraits, views, and book illustrations. His most important work was this lovely and informative series of bird's-eye views of English country seats. Architectural elements are rendered with great care and detail; and the surrounding formal gardens and distant nature are illustrated with luxurious fullness. Incidental figures and horses add delight and visual interest. Charming prints that are also archeologically significant for the information they give us about this great period in British architecture and landscape design. $750 Go to page with views of the British Isles Joseph Wright of Derby. "Children of Walter Synnot, Esq." London: J.R. Smith, 1782. 17 1/2 x 13 1/2. Mezzotint with additional original hand coloring. Framed. A charming portrait of children by the printmaker John Raphael Smith (1752-1812). Smith was one of the most prolific and expert printmakers of his day. His expert handling of mezzotint techniques are evident in this delicately rendered portrait. This particular image is after a painting by Joseph Wright of Derby. Wright excelled at his depictions of the British Enlightenment's ongoing fascination of science and experimentation, whilst his depictions of children are rightly counted amongst his greatest works. Both themes form a central part of his most well known work, "An Experiment on a Bird in an Air Pump" of 1768. In this portrait, the eldest boy is about to set a bird free, much to the dismay of the younger girl. A sentimental interpretation of the bird's imminent flight is a representation of the fleeting innocence of childhood. $850 Sir Joshua Reynolds. "Garrick Between Tragedy and Comedy." London: J. Jones, 1784. Engraved by Edward Fisher. 16 1/2 x 20 1/2 (image). Original hand color. Minor surface wear. Glued to board. Otherwise, very good condition. This charming mezzotint is after an oil painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds, who is considered one of the greatest English portrait painter. Born in Devonshire in 1723, Reynolds displayed his artistic talents at an early age. He was sent to London in 1740 where he studied under Thomas Hudson until 1743. He then began painting portraits in London and Plymouth before traveling to Italy. Returning to London in 1752, Reynolds was commissioned to paint portraits of the royal family and the aristocracy. This success lead King George III to appoint Reynolds as the first President of the Royal Academy in 1768, and he retained the position until his death in 1789. Reynolds' portraits represent the embodiment of poise and elegance of English portraiture of the Eighteenth Century. This particular print is of the famous Eighteenth Century actor, David Garrick. Having to choose between the serious, Tragedy and the fun-loving Comedy, Garrick makes the obvious choice. $200 Francis Wheatley. "Sweet China Oranges, sweet China/Oranges sucrées, Oranges fines." Cries of London, Plate 3. Hand colored engraving, early 19th century. 16 x 12 (platemarks); 19 x 14 1/2 (sheet). Staining and repaired tear in lower margin. Else, very good condition. A theme in English printmaking for over three hundred years, "Cries of London" prints form a visual record of London peddlers, charlatans, street hawkers, milkmaids, and grocers who made their living on the city streets. These various series, which presented glimpses of a London where tradesmen would advertise their wares with a musical shout or a melodic rhyme, vary in tone from idealistic visions of contented street vendors to satirical caricatures of humorous urban figures. Francis Wheatley (1747-1801) was an English painter who was known for portraiture, but lost his customer base when he was elected to the Royal Academy in 1790 in preference to the King's nominee. His career dried up, and he would eventually die in poverty, with fellow Academicians paying for his funeral. In the interim, however, he painted thirteen scenes of the street life of his city - his version of the "Cries of London" - on which his fame rests. Having been born in Covent Garden, he was particularly able to resurrect the cries he heard in and around that area's famous market. Many of the women in his "Cries" are said to resemble his model wife, Clara Maria Leigh, who, when widowed, married actor Alexander Pope and achieved fame as an artist in her own right as Mrs. Pope. In the original publication of the "Cries" by London publisher Colnaghi & Co. in 1794, several of Wheatley's "Cries," including this one, were engraved by Luigi Schiavonetti (1765-1810). As this print contains the attribution "D'après L. Schiavonetti," it is believed that this is from a later publication date, possibly French, and executed by a different engraver. Scholars of Jews in visual arts perceive the orange peddler here to be Jewish. $275 Joshua Reynolds. Macbeth IV, i. 'Macbeth consulting the witches.' Pl. 48. From The American Edition of Boydell's Illustrations of Shakespeare, Restored to all the Pristine Beauty of the First Proofs. New York: Shearjashub Spooner, 106 Liberty St., 1852. Engraving by Robert Thew. Published in two volumes. Ca. 17 1/2 x 23 1/2. With wide margins. One image from a magnificent series of British prints based on the works of William Shakespeare published by the great John Boydell. Boydell, a land surveyor in the employment of his father, was inspired by an engraving by W.H. Toms to leave his home in Shropshire about 1750 and walk to London to apprentice himself to Toms. After six years, Boydell set up his own shop and began his career as a print publisher. He was much concerned with the French dominance of the European print market at mid-century, and mostly by his efforts in the 1780's Britain became a print exporting country. As part of his concern with making a profit and supporting British art, Boydell established the Boydell Shakespeare Gallery, an establishment dedicated to British paintings depicting scenes from Shakespeare's plays. Boydell commissioned the paintings, put them on display in the gallery, and then published a folio work consisting of commissioned prints after 100 of the paintings in the gallery. Each print is expertly engraved and powerfully expresses the artistic inspiration that the subject provided. These are fascinating artistic expressions of the then current gothic interpretation of Shakespeare's works. The gallery and the prints were a boon for British artists, giving them inspiration and publicity at the same time. As almost all the paintings have since disappeared, the prints take on added interest as the surviving record of this fascinating episode in British art history. $650 Go to page with complete listing of Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery prints Plate 46. From Peintures des Vases Antiques de la Collection de Son Excellence Mr. Le Chevalier Hamilton. . . . Four volumes in French and Italian. Florence: Società Calcographica, 1802. Hand colored engraving. Sir William Hamilton, after amassing and publishing fine illustrations of his first "Cabinet of Etruscan, Greek and Roman antiquities," sold the renowned collection to the British Museum, and began afresh to develop a second, similar collection. The first collection remains one of the Museum's greatest treasures. Hamilton authored and published his Collection of Engravings from Ancient Vases, based on this second collection, between 1791 and 1795. This publication and Wedgwood's works on ceramics influenced John Flaxman and Henry Fuseli as well as many other European artists. These engravings are illustrations from the first Florentine edition of Collection of Engravings from Ancient Vases. Part of this group of vases was lost during Hamilton's hasty escape from Naples upon the invasion of the French in 1798; the remainder was eventually sold en masse to Englishman, Thomas Hope. Though Hope offered Hamilton less than he planned to receive, he promised to keep the vases together, for the study of artists and students of history, as Hamilton had always intended. $725 Go to page with illustrations of prints of Hamilton's vases Here a young curate is returning from his religious duties. At first, the scene seems to display a joyous domestic scene. However, traditional symbolism may suggest that all is not quite well. The yellow chair rails mimic the birdcage hanging outside the door creating a connection between the wife and the caged bird. While the small dog, fido, a symbol of fidelity, is nipping at the young man's coat. Such symbolism was common through the nineteenth century. $650 Here a young mother and her son bring a basket filled with geese and a piglet in lieu of money. Agricultural tithing was very common in Europe at the time. The rector must have had a successful day, as bottles of wine can be seen behind his desk and his pocket is stuffed with donations. $650 Showcasing Gillray's great humor and visual wit, this print plays off English stereotypes of Irish peasants. $650 Go to page with other British caricatures Richard Corbould. "Botany." From Encyclopædia Londinensis or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature. London: J. Wilkes, March 1, 1805. Ca. 9 x 7 1/4. Stipple engravings with some line work by J. Chapman. Hand color. With light sticker mark in bottom margin. Otherwise, very good condition. In the era of Enlightenment, books of knowledge, like Encyclopædia Londinensis, took on a new importance and nobility in the scope of book publishing. Fine artists like Richard Corbould were employed to draw allegorical prints to embellish the volumes. Exalting the pursuit of knowledge, these allegorical prints draw on neo-Classical vocabulary to confer nobility on the studies of geography, botany, painting, and others. In classically-draped garments, female figures pose amid Roman architecture and artifact, employing the tools of investigation specific to their discipline. This wonderful image contains an allegory of the science of botany. $250 Go to page with other allegorical prints from this work Giovanni Battista Belzoni. Plate 6. "From the Tombs of the Kings at Thebes, Discovered by G. Belzoni." From Illustrative of the Researches and Operations of G. Belzoni in Egypt and Nubia. London: John Murray, 1822. Folio. 9 3/4 x 19 3/4 (image). Aquatint. Full original hand color. Very good condition. $550 Belzoni, traveled to Cairo in 1816 in order to interest Mohammed Ali in a hydraulic lifting device that he had invented. This venture being unsuccessful, Belzoni was hired by the British Consul, Henry Saltto assist with getting the head and shoulders of a colossal statue from Thebes to England. Belzoni then turned to archeological explorations in the Thebes area. Belzoni was the first to perform large scale excavations in the Valley of the Kings, and he discovered many tombs, including some major ones. He mounted his excavations on a massive scale, and he was highly systematic in his approach. After leaving Egypt in 1819, Belzoni published his famous Narrative, a work that excited huge interest. In 1822, the atlas of prints to accompany this work was issued, containing many lovely scenes and brilliant renderings of the tomb paintings that Belzoni discovered. The hieroglyphs of the tombs are precisely rendered and the color vividly captured. We have more prints from this series. Please call or email for more information. George and Robert Isaac Cruikshank. "Midnight. Tom and Jerry at a Coffee Shop near the Olympic." From Pierce Egan's Life in London. London, 1820. Octavo. 4 x 7 1/4 (image). Aquatint by G. and R.I. Cruikshank. Full, original hand color. $75 In the early nineteenth century, the English perfected the humorous illustrated story. These works, issued in an octavo format, were extremely popular with the British public. This popularity was primarily based on their delightful illustrations. Amongst the best of the illustrators were George and Isaac Robert Cruikshank. The sons of Isaac Cruikshank, a well known caricaturist in his own right, George and Isaac R. contributed to a number of publications, the most famous of which is this work. In these wonderful prints, Jerry Hawthorn and Corinthian Tom are shown in various scenes of Regency London. Thus not only are these charming examples of the work of the Cruikshanks, but they provide an insightful look into 'Life in London.' $75 Go to page with more images from Pierce Egan's Life in London From Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick's A Critical Inquiry into Antient Armour. London: Henry G. Bohn, ca. 1830. ca. 10 x 8 (image vignette). Aquatints. Full original hand color. Full margins. Very good condition. A splendidly colored series of prints showing ancient armour from the period of the Norman Conquest up to the reign of King Charles II. The emphasis is on British armour, and many different forms and styles are shown, each as worn by a historic personage. Meyrick (1783-1848) was interested in being historically accurate, and thus each drawing is rendered with careful precision, illustrating all aspects of the armour and weapons. Besides the concern for accuracy, the aesthetic aspects of the prints were also important, as is especially evident with the hand coloring, which is wonderfully done. Owen Jones. "Chinese No. 4." From The Grammar of Ornament. London: Day and Son, 1865-1910. 11 3/4 x 7 3/4 (image). Chromolithograph by F. Bedford. Very good condition. $125 A print from Owen Jones' handsome series of chromolithographic plates illustrating the many different styles of decoration used from ancient times to the mid-nineteenth century by civilizations from all parts of the world. Ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, Rome, Celts, Maya, Persia, India and other Asian cultures are represented, as well as Medieval, Renaissance and later styles used in European countries. Drawing from the collection now known as the Victoria and Albert Museum, Jones distilled widely varying forms into their essential visual vocabulary, arranging design components in a new, accessible manner. Fabulously colorful and appealing images from the early days of chromolithography. We have more prints from this series. Please call or email for more information. William Nicholson. Prints from An Alphabet. New York: R.H. Russell, 1898. Ca. 9 3/4 x 7 3/4. Lithograph transfers from wood block. Sir William Nicholson (1872-1949) was an English artist well known for his unique style of woodcut prints. Beginning in the 1890s, he created posters with his brother-in-law James Pryde, using the pseudonyms J. & W. Beggarstaff. In 1897, Nicholson produced a woodcut print of Queen Victoria that was very well received and helped establish his reputation with the British public. About that same time Nicholson cut a series of wood blocks of An Illustrated Alphabet for publisher William Heinemann. Originally issued in a very small run of hand colored woodcuts, their popularity led to the images being transferred to lithographic stones and printed in a bound volume. Nicholson's style is instantly recognizable, with the broad strokes from his original woodcuts printed with subtle variations of earth tones, harking back to earlier British chap book illustrations. After the turn of the century, Nicholson turned more to painting, though he did continue to produce illustrations for several books. The prints from his alphabet volume offer a wonderful sample of Nicholson's vision and also of British culture at the end of the nineteenth century. Go to page with prints by William Nicholson Typically of Morland's art, this picture provide a rich narrative of British life. $950 Go to page with other prints after George Morland Thomas Rowlandson. "Doctor Syntax Tumbling into the Water." From one of the Tours of Dr. Syntax. London, engraved between about 1812 and 1821. Ca. 4 1/2 x 7 1/2. Aquatint by Thomas Rowlandson. Original hand color. Some typical light stains, overall very good condition. A delightful print from one of the famous "tours of Dr. Syntax." These tours chronicle the various escapades of the fictional 19th-century English clergyman, Dr. Syntax. The animated drawing and wonderful facial expressions make them excellent examples of Rowlandson's parodic work from the great age of English caricature. $65 Go to list of Dr. Syntax prints A charming print from popular sporting artist Cecil Aldin. Known for his bright images of classic British sporting scenes, including coaching, hunting, racing, and other sports, Aldin's chromolithographs are most desirable. $550 Go to list of other prints by Cecil Aldin "The Bachelor." London: L.H. Lefevre, 1906. 10 x 13. Etching by C.O. Murray. Signed in plate. Very good condition. A delightful example of the work of Walter Dendy Sadler (1854-1923) who produced over one hundred and seventy prints in his lifetime. This example shows a bachelor smoking a clay pipe and relaxing by the fire with a loyal dog at his feet. Other images show gentle-folk enjoying drink, food and leisure activities. Sadler's prints are famous for depicting authentic costumes, as well as furniture, stemware and other decorative arts. $250 Go to list of other prints by W. Dendy Sadler Originally, Hogarth sold his prints in his own shop, as well as through other printsellers in London. In the mid-1730s he began also to sell his prints in bound form. Hogarth's fame spread and his popularity grew. However, while his prints sold well, Hogarth was constantly bothered by the sale of cheap copies. In response, he was instrumental in the 1735 passage of the Engravers' Copyright Act, often called "Hogarth's Act," which prohibited the unauthorized copying of a print for fourteen years following its publication. Early in his career, a number of Hogarth's plates were acquired by other printsellers, but most he retained in his possession until his death, leaving them in his will to his widow, Jane Hogarth. Jane continued to issue prints from these plates and she was able to secure an extended copyright of 20 years beginning in 1767. Upon Jane's death in 1789, the plates passed into the possession of printmaker, John Boydell. Boydell reissued the folio twice, and the plates were later acquired by Baldwin, Cradock & Joy in 1818. These prints, engraved by Hogarth himself were issued during his lifetime as judged by the state of the printing and the paper. Most of his works were printed after his death as restrikes or reproductions, but these are superb lifetime renderings. $3,600 for the set of four. William Hogarth. [The March to Finchley] From The Original Works of William Hogarth. London: John & Josiah Boydell, 1790. 16 1/4 x 21 1/2. Engraving by William Hogarth. On hand laid paper. Very good impressions. Very good condition. William Hogarth (1697-1764) is considered by many to be the greatest English caricaturist of all time. He was an perceptive observer and his illustrations of the social and political conduct of his day are fascinating historical documents and humorous depictions of human foibles, which have remained much the same over the last two centuries. This print is from a portfolio issued in 1790 by John and Josiah Boydell, printed from the original plate engraved by Hogarth. $1,200 Go to lists of other prints from the William Hogarth portfolio. William Hogarth. "Canvassing For Votes." London: John Stockdale, Piccadilly & John Walker and G. Robinson, Paternoster Row, 1812. Re-engraving by Thomas Cook. 15 7/8 x 21. Excellent condition. This engraving is from an excellent collection of re-engraved Hogarth prints. This is one of his most famous images, showing the chaos and corruption surrounding electioneering in eighteenth century England, but with universal relevance to any election. 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Henry Singleton (1766-1839) was a British artist of genre, historical, literary and biblical themed scenes. He was a precocious talent, exhibiting at the Society of Artists at age 14 and entering the Royal Academy Schools three years later. He exhibited every year from 1784 until his death at the Royal Academy and also at the British Institution beginning with its founding in 1806. Many of his paintings were made into mezzotints which became widely popular. This is a fine example of his work, beautifully mezzotinted in 1801. $750 British color plate books For further information, please contact: 106 E. Lancaster Avenue, Lower Level Wayne, PA 19087 USA ©The Philadelphia Print Shop Last updated July 13, 2021
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It turns out that the activation of my ability is not a computer at all, nor is it a blood stain after an injury. Fang Jie stood up, went to the window and stood with his hands behind his back I have already had two hundred coffins prepared, all of which can be used. There was a trace of sadness in their eyes, and their tone was a little heavy I have been lying in the cold coffin apple cider vinegar weight loss pills for all those years, and I can't move casually until Wan Xingchen's cultivation is completely integrated. Min'er said solemnly In the whole camp, who hasn't received her from the Duke? Grandpa Guo is ruthless to the enemy, and that is because the enemy always wants to destroy the hard-won good days now. Many people have thought, where is the intersection of heaven and earth? 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