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Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 随机二阶锥互补约束优化模型的一般光滑化SAA方法 | A unified SAA framework for stochastic optimization problems with second-order cone complementarity constraints |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | A unified SAA framework for stochastic optimization problems with second-order cone complementarity constraints | 随机二阶锥互补约束优化模型的一般光滑化SAA方法 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 民国时期拉卜楞藏族妇女婚姻与家庭因素的调查分析 | On Tibetan Women,Marriage and Families in Labrang,Gansu during the Period of the Republic of China |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | On Tibetan Women,Marriage and Families in Labrang,Gansu during the Period of the Republic of China | 民国时期拉卜楞藏族妇女婚姻与家庭因素的调查分析 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 哑铃状切口加皮桥整形术治疗环状混合痔的临床研究 | Clinical Study of Dumbbell-shaped Incision and Skin Bridge Plastic Surgery in Treatment of Circumferential Mixed Hemorrhoids |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Clinical Study of Dumbbell-shaped Incision and Skin Bridge Plastic Surgery in Treatment of Circumferential Mixed Hemorrhoids | 哑铃状切口加皮桥整形术治疗环状混合痔的临床研究 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 2006-2007年浙江省湖州市流行性感冒哨点监测结果分析 | Analysis of sentinel surveillance results of influenza in Huzhou, 2006-2007 |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Analysis of sentinel surveillance results of influenza in Huzhou, 2006-2007 | 2006-2007年浙江省湖州市流行性感冒哨点监测结果分析 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 基于角蛋白酶和纳米电气石粉改进的复合酶制剂脱毛工艺研究。为改善复合酶的脱毛效果,采用TRIZ进行系统、功能和资源分析,应用物场理论提出了引入角蛋白酶和纳米电气石粉的解决方法,并运用单因素法和正交设计法对改进的复合酶制剂配方进行优化.试验结果表明,改进的复合酶制剂最佳配比为:复合酶A 0.6%、角蛋白酶K 0.2%和电气石粉 1.0%;该复合酶制剂适用于现有酶脱毛工艺,脱毛率＞95%,粒面完整性好,脱毛效果极佳.这为减少污染、提升脱毛工序的生态性能提供了新途径. | Study on the Unhairing Process of Composite Enzyme Preparation Improved by Keratinase and Tourmaline. To improve the unhairing effect of composite enzymes,TRIZ theory was used for systematic,functional and resource analysis,then a creative solution was proposed by applying the Substance-Field Analysis theory,which introduced keratinase and nano tourmaline powder.The single factor method and orthogonal design method were used to optimize the formula of the improved composite enzyme preparation.The experimental results show that the optimal ratio of the improved composite enzyme preparation is 0.6%for composite enzyme A,0.2%for keratinase K and 1.0%for nano tourmaline powder.The composite enzyme preparation is suitable for existing enzyme unhairing processes,with a unhairing rate of>95%,good particle surface integrity and excellent hair removal effect,which provides a new way to reduce pollution and improve the ecological performance of the unhairing process. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Study on the Unhairing Process of Composite Enzyme Preparation Improved by Keratinase and Tourmaline. To improve the unhairing effect of composite enzymes,TRIZ theory was used for systematic,functional and resource analysis,then a creative solution was proposed by applying the Substance-Field Analysis theory,which introduced keratinase and nano tourmaline powder.The single factor method and orthogonal design method were used to optimize the formula of the improved composite enzyme preparation.The experimental results show that the optimal ratio of the improved composite enzyme preparation is 0.6%for composite enzyme A,0.2%for keratinase K and 1.0%for nano tourmaline powder.The composite enzyme preparation is suitable for existing enzyme unhairing processes,with a unhairing rate of>95%,good particle surface integrity and excellent hair removal effect,which provides a new way to reduce pollution and improve the ecological performance of the unhairing process. | 基于角蛋白酶和纳米电气石粉改进的复合酶制剂脱毛工艺研究。为改善复合酶的脱毛效果,采用TRIZ进行系统、功能和资源分析,应用物场理论提出了引入角蛋白酶和纳米电气石粉的解决方法,并运用单因素法和正交设计法对改进的复合酶制剂配方进行优化.试验结果表明,改进的复合酶制剂最佳配比为:复合酶A 0.6%、角蛋白酶K 0.2%和电气石粉 1.0%;该复合酶制剂适用于现有酶脱毛工艺,脱毛率＞95%,粒面完整性好,脱毛效果极佳.这为减少污染、提升脱毛工序的生态性能提供了新途径. |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 温度、光照及杀菌剂对板栗疫病菌生长的影响 | Effects of Different Temperatures, Light Conditions and Fungicides on Growth of Cryphonectria parasitica Mycelial |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Effects of Different Temperatures, Light Conditions and Fungicides on Growth of Cryphonectria parasitica Mycelial | 温度、光照及杀菌剂对板栗疫病菌生长的影响 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 不同群体结构下大豆植株抗倒性能的比较。目的针对大豆产量提升过程中随种植密度增加而引发的倒伏问题，开展不同群体结构下，大豆植株抗倒性状的综合比较研究。方法以大豆新品种吉农30和吉农40为材料，通过设定5个种植密度，研究茎秆及根系的抗倒机制。结果和结论种植密度改变了群体的内部结构，随着密度的增加，倒伏逐渐加重且与低密度差异显著。高密度群体结构下，节间长度增长趋势较低密度明显、低节位单位茎长鲜质量小于高节位，而低密度下则表现相反；随密度增加，低节位茎粗、节间鲜质量降低幅度较高节位明显。可见，茎秆1～5节的物质分配发生了变化，这些性状的改变削弱了植株的抗倒能力。茎秆抗倒性状表现为：茎秆压碎强度、抗倒指数、单位茎长鲜质量随密度增加显著降低，与倒伏呈极显著负相关；而株高／茎粗、重心高度、节间长度显著增加，与倒伏呈极显著正相关。地下部根系的根瘤数、根干质量和伤流量等随密度的增加而逐渐降低，与倒伏呈负相关，其中倒伏级数与伤流量、根干质量相关系数最高，达极显著水平。本试验得出地上部茎秆压碎强度、抗倒指数和地下部根系伤流量、根干质量与倒伏关系最为密切，用其判断大豆植株的综合抗倒伏能力是可行的；大豆群体在轻、中度茎倒伏的情况下，植株具备一定的自我恢复能力。 | Comparation on lodging-resistance characters of soybean in different population structures. [Objective] To solve the problem of lodging with density increase in the soybean production improving process and the soybean lodging-resistance characters in different population structures .[Method] Five levels of planting densities were designed to study the lodging-resistance mechanisms of stem and root selecting the new soybean varieties of Jinong 30 and Jinong40 as the tested materials .[Re-sult and conclusion] Density could change the inner structure of plant population .With the population density increasing , lodging aggravated gradually and the difference was significant compared with the low density .In the high density population structure , the internode length became obviously long compared with the low density;the fresh mass unit stem length of basal internodes was lower than that of upper in -ternodes , and low density was opposite .With the density increasing , the decreasing range of basal stem diameter and fresh mass was more obvious than that of upper internodes .The matter distribution of stem basal from the first to the fifth internodes was changed , which weakened the lodging resistance of the plant.The stem lodging-resistance characters were as follows:with the plant density increasing , the stem crushing strength , stem lodging-resistant index and fresh mass unit stem length decreased significantly;there were significantly negative correlations between all above indexes and lodging ; the plant height/stem diameter , height of gravity center , internode length/diameter increased significantly , and there were significant positive correlations .The root nodule number , root dry mass and bleeding amount of soybeans decreased with the density increasing , and there were negative correlations , the correlations between lodging series and bleeding amount and root dry mass reached an extremely significant level with the high -est correlation coefficients .The experiment showed that the above-ground stem crushing strength , tem lodging-resistant index , the root bleeding amount and root dry mass most closely correlated with lodging , which was feasible to measure the plant lodging-resistance capacity .Moreover, the soybean plant had a certain self-recovering capability under mild and moderate lodging conditions . |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Comparation on lodging-resistance characters of soybean in different population structures. [Objective] To solve the problem of lodging with density increase in the soybean production improving process and the soybean lodging-resistance characters in different population structures .[Method] Five levels of planting densities were designed to study the lodging-resistance mechanisms of stem and root selecting the new soybean varieties of Jinong 30 and Jinong40 as the tested materials .[Re-sult and conclusion] Density could change the inner structure of plant population .With the population density increasing , lodging aggravated gradually and the difference was significant compared with the low density .In the high density population structure , the internode length became obviously long compared with the low density;the fresh mass unit stem length of basal internodes was lower than that of upper in -ternodes , and low density was opposite .With the density increasing , the decreasing range of basal stem diameter and fresh mass was more obvious than that of upper internodes .The matter distribution of stem basal from the first to the fifth internodes was changed , which weakened the lodging resistance of the plant.The stem lodging-resistance characters were as follows:with the plant density increasing , the stem crushing strength , stem lodging-resistant index and fresh mass unit stem length decreased significantly;there were significantly negative correlations between all above indexes and lodging ; the plant height/stem diameter , height of gravity center , internode length/diameter increased significantly , and there were significant positive correlations .The root nodule number , root dry mass and bleeding amount of soybeans decreased with the density increasing , and there were negative correlations , the correlations between lodging series and bleeding amount and root dry mass reached an extremely significant level with the high -est correlation coefficients .The experiment showed that the above-ground stem crushing strength , tem lodging-resistant index , the root bleeding amount and root dry mass most closely correlated with lodging , which was feasible to measure the plant lodging-resistance capacity .Moreover, the soybean plant had a certain self-recovering capability under mild and moderate lodging conditions . | 不同群体结构下大豆植株抗倒性能的比较。目的针对大豆产量提升过程中随种植密度增加而引发的倒伏问题，开展不同群体结构下，大豆植株抗倒性状的综合比较研究。方法以大豆新品种吉农30和吉农40为材料，通过设定5个种植密度，研究茎秆及根系的抗倒机制。结果和结论种植密度改变了群体的内部结构，随着密度的增加，倒伏逐渐加重且与低密度差异显著。高密度群体结构下，节间长度增长趋势较低密度明显、低节位单位茎长鲜质量小于高节位，而低密度下则表现相反；随密度增加，低节位茎粗、节间鲜质量降低幅度较高节位明显。可见，茎秆1～5节的物质分配发生了变化，这些性状的改变削弱了植株的抗倒能力。茎秆抗倒性状表现为：茎秆压碎强度、抗倒指数、单位茎长鲜质量随密度增加显著降低，与倒伏呈极显著负相关；而株高／茎粗、重心高度、节间长度显著增加，与倒伏呈极显著正相关。地下部根系的根瘤数、根干质量和伤流量等随密度的增加而逐渐降低，与倒伏呈负相关，其中倒伏级数与伤流量、根干质量相关系数最高，达极显著水平。本试验得出地上部茎秆压碎强度、抗倒指数和地下部根系伤流量、根干质量与倒伏关系最为密切，用其判断大豆植株的综合抗倒伏能力是可行的；大豆群体在轻、中度茎倒伏的情况下，植株具备一定的自我恢复能力。 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 加强实践教学,增强思想政治理论课实效性 | Strengthening the Practical Teaching to Enhance the Effectiveness of the Ideological and Political Theory Courses |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Strengthening the Practical Teaching to Enhance the Effectiveness of the Ideological and Political Theory Courses | 加强实践教学,增强思想政治理论课实效性 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 基于分形理论的巫山县农村居民点空间特征研究。以重庆市巫山县为研究区,基于分形理论的聚集维数、关联维数和形态维数,从县域和乡镇两个尺度对2010、2015年巫山县农村居民点空间结构和形态特征进行综合分析.研究结果表明:巫山县农村居民点空间结构和形态分形特征显著;县域尺度上,聚集维数、关联维数随时间变化而减小,形态维数值持续增大,农村居民点空间结构以巫峡镇为中心向四周衰减,凝聚态发展趋势明显,但空间形态愈加不规则,稳定性减弱;乡镇尺度上,一些乡镇农村居民空间结构不紧凑,相互关联程度有待提高.今后可通过公路交通等基础设施建设,增强农村居民点空间相互作用,优化空间布局;依据社会经济发展现状和农村用地自然历史特性开展乡村土地利用规划,提高农村土地利用效率.研究结果可为巫山县农村居民点用地资源分配及土地利用合理组织提供参考. | Spatial Structure and Form of Rural Residential in Wushan County Based on Fractal Theory. Based on the aggregation dimension,correlation dimension and morphological dimension of fractal theory,this paper measured and analyzed the change of spatial structure and morphological characteristics of rural residential lands of Wushan county in 2010 and 2015 from two scales of county and township.Results showed that:The spatial structure and form of rural residential lands' fractal characteristics in Wushan county were significant.On county scale,the aggregation dimension and correlation dimension decreased as the time went on,and the form dimension increased continuously.And the spatial structure of the rural residential area took Wuxia tow n as the center and decay around and the development trend of clustered matter was obvious,but the shape features became more complex and the stability was reduced.On the tow nship scale,some villages and tow ns in rural lands had loose spatial structure and the correlation remained to be improved.So we need to strengthen the infrastructure construction of highway traffic and enhance the spatial interaction of rural residents,so as to optimize the spatial distribution.Also we can carry out rural land use planning according to the present situation of social economic development and the natural historical characteristics of rural land use to improve it's efficiency.This study can provide an academic basis for the allocation of land resources and the rational use of rural residential lands of Wushan county in practice. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Spatial Structure and Form of Rural Residential in Wushan County Based on Fractal Theory. Based on the aggregation dimension,correlation dimension and morphological dimension of fractal theory,this paper measured and analyzed the change of spatial structure and morphological characteristics of rural residential lands of Wushan county in 2010 and 2015 from two scales of county and township.Results showed that:The spatial structure and form of rural residential lands' fractal characteristics in Wushan county were significant.On county scale,the aggregation dimension and correlation dimension decreased as the time went on,and the form dimension increased continuously.And the spatial structure of the rural residential area took Wuxia tow n as the center and decay around and the development trend of clustered matter was obvious,but the shape features became more complex and the stability was reduced.On the tow nship scale,some villages and tow ns in rural lands had loose spatial structure and the correlation remained to be improved.So we need to strengthen the infrastructure construction of highway traffic and enhance the spatial interaction of rural residents,so as to optimize the spatial distribution.Also we can carry out rural land use planning according to the present situation of social economic development and the natural historical characteristics of rural land use to improve it's efficiency.This study can provide an academic basis for the allocation of land resources and the rational use of rural residential lands of Wushan county in practice. | 基于分形理论的巫山县农村居民点空间特征研究。以重庆市巫山县为研究区,基于分形理论的聚集维数、关联维数和形态维数,从县域和乡镇两个尺度对2010、2015年巫山县农村居民点空间结构和形态特征进行综合分析.研究结果表明:巫山县农村居民点空间结构和形态分形特征显著;县域尺度上,聚集维数、关联维数随时间变化而减小,形态维数值持续增大,农村居民点空间结构以巫峡镇为中心向四周衰减,凝聚态发展趋势明显,但空间形态愈加不规则,稳定性减弱;乡镇尺度上,一些乡镇农村居民空间结构不紧凑,相互关联程度有待提高.今后可通过公路交通等基础设施建设,增强农村居民点空间相互作用,优化空间布局;依据社会经济发展现状和农村用地自然历史特性开展乡村土地利用规划,提高农村土地利用效率.研究结果可为巫山县农村居民点用地资源分配及土地利用合理组织提供参考. |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 替硝唑治疗诱发性大鼠根尖周炎的组织学分析 | The histological analyses of the induced rat periapical periodontitis treated sith binidazole |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | The histological analyses of the induced rat periapical periodontitis treated sith binidazole | 替硝唑治疗诱发性大鼠根尖周炎的组织学分析 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 600MW机组湿式电除尘器工程调试与运行调整研究 | 600 MW wet electrostatic precipitator project commissioning and operation adjustment research |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | 600 MW wet electrostatic precipitator project commissioning and operation adjustment research | 600MW机组湿式电除尘器工程调试与运行调整研究 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | ERP沙盘对抗赛首次广告投放的博弈分析。针对ERP沙盘对抗赛比赛初期的高广告投入困境,提出比赛初期存在的诸多不确定性,指出为了争取市场领导地位而盲目投放广告费是一种非理性行为。根据博弈论中＂美女困惑＂现象和＂囚徒困境＂问题对陷入高广告投入困境的原因进行分析。进一步建立了三种策略下的二人博弈模型,并将双方投放的广告费和对未来收益的心理预期x引入模型中。最终得出结论：最小的广告投放才是最优的选择。同时也对支付矩阵的格式进行了改进。 | Game Analysis of the First Advertising Expense in ERP Sand-table Simulation Match. Aiming at the dilemma of high advertising expenses early in the ERP sand table simulation match,several uncertainties are put forward.It is pointed out that it is irrational to pay blindly for the market leadership.The cause for high advertising expense is analyzed according to the theory of ＂beauty dilemma＂ and ＂prisoner dilemma＂.Furthermore,a two-player game model with three strategies is established,which introduces the advertising expense and the psychological expectation of future earnings.In conclusion,a minimum advertising cost is the optimal choice.Meanwhile,the format of payoff matrix is improved. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Game Analysis of the First Advertising Expense in ERP Sand-table Simulation Match. Aiming at the dilemma of high advertising expenses early in the ERP sand table simulation match,several uncertainties are put forward.It is pointed out that it is irrational to pay blindly for the market leadership.The cause for high advertising expense is analyzed according to the theory of ＂beauty dilemma＂ and ＂prisoner dilemma＂.Furthermore,a two-player game model with three strategies is established,which introduces the advertising expense and the psychological expectation of future earnings.In conclusion,a minimum advertising cost is the optimal choice.Meanwhile,the format of payoff matrix is improved. | ERP沙盘对抗赛首次广告投放的博弈分析。针对ERP沙盘对抗赛比赛初期的高广告投入困境,提出比赛初期存在的诸多不确定性,指出为了争取市场领导地位而盲目投放广告费是一种非理性行为。根据博弈论中＂美女困惑＂现象和＂囚徒困境＂问题对陷入高广告投入困境的原因进行分析。进一步建立了三种策略下的二人博弈模型,并将双方投放的广告费和对未来收益的心理预期x引入模型中。最终得出结论：最小的广告投放才是最优的选择。同时也对支付矩阵的格式进行了改进。 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 孔底惰性介质间隔装药爆破实验。为减少岩石大块率和粉碎率,增强爆破效果,采用LS-DYNA数值模拟的方法对连云港核电扩建山体爆破工程爆破碎石的力学过程和能量利用率进行了理论分析,并通过对各模型进入岩石总能量峰值的对比,分析了孔底惰性介质间隔装药对能量利用率的影响趋势,然后依托工程开展全尺寸实验.实验结果表明:孔底适量惰性介质间隔装药可以改善应力波的传播条件,使爆炸能量更均匀、充分地传入岩石中,使岩块的破碎效果得到有效改善;实验工况下,孔底间隔80、100 cm空气柱,炸药单耗分别下降11.5%、13.5%;孔底间隔80、100 cm水柱,炸药单耗分别下降17.3%、19.2%. | Bottom inert medium in deck charging blasting experiment. In order to reduce the rock bulk rate and crushing rate and enhance the blasting effect, the mechanical process and energy utilization rate of blasting crushing were analyzed by LS-DYNA numerical simulation method based on Lianyungang nuclear power mountain expansion blasting project.The total energy peaks of each model were compared and the influence of the bottom inert medium in deck charging on the energy utilization rate was analyzed.The full-scale experiment relying on the engineering showed that, moderate amount of inert medium interval charge could improve the propagation of stress wave conditions, which made the explosive energy more uniform and fully into the rock, that the effect of rock fragments of the rock mass was improved effectively.In the conditions like the engineering, the explosive unit consumption decreased by 11.5% and 13.5% respectively for 80 cm and 100 cm deck air column in bottom of the blasthole, and the explosive unit consumption decreased by 17.3% and 19.2% respectively for 80 cm and 100 cm deck water column in bottom. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Bottom inert medium in deck charging blasting experiment. In order to reduce the rock bulk rate and crushing rate and enhance the blasting effect, the mechanical process and energy utilization rate of blasting crushing were analyzed by LS-DYNA numerical simulation method based on Lianyungang nuclear power mountain expansion blasting project.The total energy peaks of each model were compared and the influence of the bottom inert medium in deck charging on the energy utilization rate was analyzed.The full-scale experiment relying on the engineering showed that, moderate amount of inert medium interval charge could improve the propagation of stress wave conditions, which made the explosive energy more uniform and fully into the rock, that the effect of rock fragments of the rock mass was improved effectively.In the conditions like the engineering, the explosive unit consumption decreased by 11.5% and 13.5% respectively for 80 cm and 100 cm deck air column in bottom of the blasthole, and the explosive unit consumption decreased by 17.3% and 19.2% respectively for 80 cm and 100 cm deck water column in bottom. | 孔底惰性介质间隔装药爆破实验。为减少岩石大块率和粉碎率,增强爆破效果,采用LS-DYNA数值模拟的方法对连云港核电扩建山体爆破工程爆破碎石的力学过程和能量利用率进行了理论分析,并通过对各模型进入岩石总能量峰值的对比,分析了孔底惰性介质间隔装药对能量利用率的影响趋势,然后依托工程开展全尺寸实验.实验结果表明:孔底适量惰性介质间隔装药可以改善应力波的传播条件,使爆炸能量更均匀、充分地传入岩石中,使岩块的破碎效果得到有效改善;实验工况下,孔底间隔80、100 cm空气柱,炸药单耗分别下降11.5%、13.5%;孔底间隔80、100 cm水柱,炸药单耗分别下降17.3%、19.2%. |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 知识经济与运动训练的改革 | Knowledge economy and the reform of sports training |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Knowledge economy and the reform of sports training | 知识经济与运动训练的改革 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 从宗教意识起源看中西人生观差异 | On the difference of philosophy of life between the Chinese and the occidental from the origin of consciousness of religion |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | On the difference of philosophy of life between the Chinese and the occidental from the origin of consciousness of religion | 从宗教意识起源看中西人生观差异 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 人工关节假体重建肘部肿瘤切除后骨缺损。目的：由于肘部重要的解剖结构密集,切除肘关节会导致肘、腕及手部关节功能丧失,因此肘关节周围肿瘤切除后骨缺损的重建较为困难。以往常用的方法包括关节融合术或切除成形术,但存在导致肘关节运动受限、关节不稳定等问题。本文回顾在肘关节周围肿瘤切除术后行全肘关节成型假体重建的病例,明确这种手术的疗效、功能及并发症。方法1998年至2010年,共有24例高度或低度恶性肿瘤患者在北京大学人民医院接受了肿瘤切除后全肘关节置换术,其中男14例,女10例,平均年龄42.6岁。病理诊断包括,骨肉瘤6例,尤文肉瘤4例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤3例,骨巨细胞瘤2例,淋巴瘤、滑膜肉瘤、骨的硬纤维瘤各1例,转移癌6例。肿瘤累及肱骨远端12例,累及尺骨近端7例,肱骨远端及尺骨近端均受累5例。骨缺损重建采用定制型绞链式人工肘关节。术后鼓励患者主动活动手部,肘关节制动至伤口愈合后。切除标本进行病理分析确定外科边界,15例广泛切除、9例边缘性切除。对所有患者进行规律随访,记录生存、转移、复发、功能及假体并发症情况。采用Mayo肘关节功能评分(Mayo elbow performance scorce,MEPS)及肌肉骨骼肿瘤协会(MSTS)功能评分系统来评估患者的术后功能。结果1例患者失随访,其余23例患者均至少随访1年或随访至死亡(平均随访37个月)。在随访期间,11例患者无瘤生存；4例转移癌、1例骨肉瘤及1例尤文肉瘤患者分别死于术后2年内；2例尤文肉瘤、1例恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、1例骨肉瘤发生肺转移以及2例转移瘤患者带瘤生存。6例骨肉瘤中,失随访、死亡、肺转移带瘤生存各1例,其余3例无瘤存活；4例尤文肉瘤中,1例死于肿瘤转移,2例肺转移带瘤生存,其余1例无瘤存活。肿瘤局部复发3例(13%)。6例患者出现并发症,发生率26.1%,包括桡神经牵拉伤1例,伤口不愈合2例,无菌性松动及假体柄穿出骨皮质共3例。术后 MSTS评分：5例关节外肿瘤切除患者平均25分,18例关节内切除患者平均25.9分。MEPS评分平均80分。肘关节的平均屈伸范围73°(范围：55°~105°)。结论对于适当的患者进行肘部肿瘤切除、人工关节假体重建可以提供良好的肿瘤学结果、较低的并发症发生率、获得良好的术后功能。 | Arthroplasty with endoprosthesis after resection of tumors at the elbow. Objective The tumors at the elbow bone account for 1% of the bone tumors of the whole body.Lymphoma is the most common malignant tumor and osteoid osteomais is the most common benign tumor.In the past,the treatment of elbow malignant tumors is amputation,which results in loss of limb after surgery.With the development of surgery and the technology of radiation and chemotherapy,it is possible to partially excise the tumors and retain upper limbs.However,due to the important anatomical structures of elbow,partial excision of tumor leads to instability and poor function of the joint of elbow,wrist and hand.Before the total endoprosthesis of elbow appeared, there were only several reconstruction methods to rebuild stable functional elbow after tumor resection.Arthrodesis or excisional arthroplasty of the elbow has their respective disadvantage:arthrodesis results in limited elbow motion,and excisional arthroplasty results in joint instability.At present,there are rare literatures guiding the elbow reconstruction after the tumor resection. Therefore,This study presented our results of limb salvage surgery using custom-made prostheses for reconstruction of the elbow after tumor excision.The oncologic results,complications,and functional outcomes were further discussed.Methods (1 )General information:The elbow tumor surgery cases from June 1998 to June 2010 were retrospectively collected in Peking University People′s Hospital. The inclusion criteria were as follows:malignant tumor involving the proximal ulna and distal humerus or benign invasive tumor,tumor excision with prostheses for reconstruction of the elbow.The benign tumors,revision and complete humerus surgery patients should be ruled out.There are 24 patients in this study,14 men and 10 women,with a mean age of 42.6 year-old.Pathological diagnosis of these cases were:6 cases of osteosarcoma,4 cases of Ewing′s sarcoma,3 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma,2 cases of giant cell tumor,each 1 case of lymphoma,synovial sarcoma and bone of desmoid tumor,6 cases of metastatic carcinoma (3 cases of lung cancer,and each 1 case of melanoma, ovarian cancer and rectal cancer).1 2 tumors were in distal humerus,7 in proximal ulna,5 in humerus and 5 in ulna.Patients with osteosarcoma,Ewing′s sarcoma and malignant lymphoma received standard chemotherapy preoperatively and postoperatively. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma and lymphoma patients received radiotherapy postoperatively.(2 )Prosthesis design Patients underwent reconstruction of elbow joint with custom-made hinged type artificial elbow endoprosthetic (ChunLiZhengDa medical equipment company,Beijing,China).In order to increase the fixation effect of the bone cement,all prostheses were cement type and ulna prosthesis handles were screw type.In order to strengthen the stability,the surface of the prosthesis that contact with proximal humerus and distal ulna were coated by titanium paste or made of granular surface coating.Due to the smaller diameter of ulnar canal and curved shape,the ulnar prosthetic handle diameter was 6 to 7 mm,and length was about 6 to 8 cm.(3)Surgical technique:The elbow posterior approach was commonly used. All of the patients underwent en-bloc resection,5 patients underwent the joint resection for their tumors were involved in the articular cavity,the remaining cases received intra-articular resection. Those patients with distal humerus tumors needed to reflect the triceps muscle.If possible,we tried to keep the ulna olecranon and triceps tendon attachment points.After removal of the tumor,we repaired to the greatest extent the forearm flexion and extension as well as pronation after spin muscle group attachment points.For cases of proximal ulna,we kept humerus medial condyle and lateral condyle as much as possible, embedding the humerus part of prosthesis into the fossa intercondyloidea.When installing the joints,humerus and ulna part of prosthesis were fixed in the medullary cavity with bone cement,respectively,and then the hinge was connected.The average operation time of the patients was about 120 min,the mean volume of blood loss was 400 ml,and the average time for the use of tourniquet was 80 min.(4)Postoperative recovery and follow-up:Active hand movement was encouraged after operation.Elbow joint cannot be moved until the wound healed. Pathological analysis of the resection specimen was conducted to determine the surgical boundary.1 5 cases received wide resection, and 9 cases received borderline resection. Regular follow-up was performed for all patients to record the situation of survival,metastasis,recurrence,function and implant complications.The scoring systems of Mayo elbow joint function (MEPS)and MSTS joint function were used to assess the patient′s postoperative function.Results One patient was lost to follow up,the rest 23 patients were followed up for at least one year or until to death (mean,37 months).During the follow-up,1 1 patients were tumor-free survivals.4 with metastatic carcinoma, one with osteosarcoma and one with Ewing′s sarcoma died within two years after the operation, respectively.Two cases of Ewing′s sarcoma, one of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, one of osteosarcoma with lung metastasis,and two of metastatic tumor,survived with tumor.Among the 6 patients with osteosarcoma,one lost to follow up,one died and one survived with lung metastasis,the other three were tumor-free survivals.In the 4 cases of Ewing′s sarcoma,one patient died of tumor metastasis,two survived with lung metastasis,and one was tumor-free survival.Tumors recurred locally in 3 cases (13%).The incidence of complication was 26.1% (6/23),including one patient with pull inj ury of radial nerve that recovered during the 6 months after operation.The wound was difficult to heal in 2 cases,and cured after debridement.Among 3 patients suffering implant complications,2 patients′prosthesis handle pricked the bone cortex and one patient′s prosthesis was aseptic loose. These three obtained good function after the operation of prosthesis revision.Postoperative MSTS score were as follows:the score of 5 cases with the whole tumor resection outside the joint and artificial elbow joint replacement was 25 points on average,the mean score of 18 cases with tumor resection inside the joint and artificial elbow joint replacement was 25.9 points.The operation effects of 18 cases were satisfactory (18/23,78.3%)and 5 cases were acceptable (5/23,21.7%).The average MEPS score of all the patients was 80 points.The mean flexion range of elbow was improved from 29°to 73°(range,55°-105°).Discussion Excisional arthroplasty or arthrodesis of the elbow always leads to poor function and is difficult for patients with bone loss. The options for reconstruction after excision of the tumor around the elbow are technically difficult and limited.This study presented our results of limb salvage surgery using custom-made prostheses for reconstruction of the elbow after tumor excision,and discussed the oncologic results,complications,and functional outcome.(1)The requirements of prosthesis and the patient in total elbow arthroplasty.The means of limb salvage and application of elbow prosthesis after the tumor resection have rarely been reported before.For total elbow arthroplasty for reconstruction of the elbow,prosthesis and the patient must meet certain requirements.Prosthesis should allow the steady activity of the forearm and hand,its length can make up the bone defects,and its mechanical strength can withstand everyday use.In addition,the prosthesis must be technically easy to install,and ensure stable fixation.In terms of the choice of cases,total elbow arthroplasty can be only applied to the patients with the functional neurovascular bundle,forearm and hand.The total elbow arthroplasty can not be used for the patients,who can be curative after tumor resection,but need to sacrifice margin to secure the implant.The treatment of patients with extensive tumor metastasis and poor prognosis,such as tumor resection,implant replacement surgery,chemotherapy or radiotherapy,need to be performed based on their own conditions.Furthermore,in such case,amputation should be avoided to retain the function of their hand and forearm.(2 ) Elbow reconstruction after tumor resection.Not many reconstruction methods are reported to rebuild a stable elbow after tumor resection.Arthrodesis or resection arthroplasty is often used for smaller bone defects. Arthrodesis results in limited postoperative elbow movement,and resection arthroplasty leads to postoperative joint instability.The allogeneic elbow transplantation has been applied for the larger defects.Semi-allogeneic transplant articular can make soft tissue attachment to retain muscle function and maintain joint stability,but the rate of postoperative complications can be as high as 70%.Infection,joint instability and dislocation often occur after surgery.Despite the solid internal fixation exists,postoperative bone nonunion occurred frequently (about 1 5% ).The other patients may had allogeneic bone resorption.The results of this study showed that the implementation of the whole elbow after tumor resection arthroplasty could significantly reduce the pain and improve the function.Patients with metastases may be treated by this surgical method,especially for whose symptoms can not be relieved by other methods.There is no better method than the artificial elbow replacement for the functional reconstruction after resection of the tumor around the elbow joint.And the incidence of complications after elbow arthroplasty is acceptable.(3 )Ensure the success of total elbow arthroplasty:Following points should be noted:①The principles of malignancy wide excision should be followed,otherwise local tumor recurrence might easily appear.②Soft tissue coverage should be sufficient to avoid incision problems,which could lead to failure of the prosthesis replacement surgery.③Patients with the tumor of distal humerus should be treated,after removal of the tumor,by the repair of the forearm flexion and extension as well as pronation after spin muscle group start and end points.If possible,partial medial and lateral condyle of humerus should be maintained as far as possible.④Due to the smaller ulnar canal and less bone cement poured,the intramedullary prosthesis should be designed as the coarse thread type,which helps to cement to prevent the prosthesis rotation and loosening.⑤For the smaller diameter of ulnar canal and curved shape,the ulnar prosthetic handle must not be too long,with 5-7 cm advisable,otherwise it will be easy to wear a bone cortex;⑥The medial and lateral condyle of humerus should be kept for patients with the tumor of proximal ulna. And the humerus part of prosthesis between fossa intercondyloidea should be embedded.(4)Function evaluation:All the three groups of patients started functional exercise after the postoperative 3 weeks. After 8 weeks,70% of patients had a"near normal"-like appearance with the elbow flexion range between 50 degrees to 90 degrees,5% of patients with an arc of motion of less than 50 degrees,25%of patients with an elbow flexion range of greater than 90 degrees.90% of the patients could make movements of their elbows without pain;80% of patients retained the function of the forearm rotation.Conclusions In conclusion,local tumor resection together with prosthetic reconstruction of the elbow can provide good surgical outcomes and less complication with oncologic safety for the appropriate patients. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Arthroplasty with endoprosthesis after resection of tumors at the elbow. Objective The tumors at the elbow bone account for 1% of the bone tumors of the whole body.Lymphoma is the most common malignant tumor and osteoid osteomais is the most common benign tumor.In the past,the treatment of elbow malignant tumors is amputation,which results in loss of limb after surgery.With the development of surgery and the technology of radiation and chemotherapy,it is possible to partially excise the tumors and retain upper limbs.However,due to the important anatomical structures of elbow,partial excision of tumor leads to instability and poor function of the joint of elbow,wrist and hand.Before the total endoprosthesis of elbow appeared, there were only several reconstruction methods to rebuild stable functional elbow after tumor resection.Arthrodesis or excisional arthroplasty of the elbow has their respective disadvantage:arthrodesis results in limited elbow motion,and excisional arthroplasty results in joint instability.At present,there are rare literatures guiding the elbow reconstruction after the tumor resection. Therefore,This study presented our results of limb salvage surgery using custom-made prostheses for reconstruction of the elbow after tumor excision.The oncologic results,complications,and functional outcomes were further discussed.Methods (1 )General information:The elbow tumor surgery cases from June 1998 to June 2010 were retrospectively collected in Peking University People′s Hospital. The inclusion criteria were as follows:malignant tumor involving the proximal ulna and distal humerus or benign invasive tumor,tumor excision with prostheses for reconstruction of the elbow.The benign tumors,revision and complete humerus surgery patients should be ruled out.There are 24 patients in this study,14 men and 10 women,with a mean age of 42.6 year-old.Pathological diagnosis of these cases were:6 cases of osteosarcoma,4 cases of Ewing′s sarcoma,3 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma,2 cases of giant cell tumor,each 1 case of lymphoma,synovial sarcoma and bone of desmoid tumor,6 cases of metastatic carcinoma (3 cases of lung cancer,and each 1 case of melanoma, ovarian cancer and rectal cancer).1 2 tumors were in distal humerus,7 in proximal ulna,5 in humerus and 5 in ulna.Patients with osteosarcoma,Ewing′s sarcoma and malignant lymphoma received standard chemotherapy preoperatively and postoperatively. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma and lymphoma patients received radiotherapy postoperatively.(2 )Prosthesis design Patients underwent reconstruction of elbow joint with custom-made hinged type artificial elbow endoprosthetic (ChunLiZhengDa medical equipment company,Beijing,China).In order to increase the fixation effect of the bone cement,all prostheses were cement type and ulna prosthesis handles were screw type.In order to strengthen the stability,the surface of the prosthesis that contact with proximal humerus and distal ulna were coated by titanium paste or made of granular surface coating.Due to the smaller diameter of ulnar canal and curved shape,the ulnar prosthetic handle diameter was 6 to 7 mm,and length was about 6 to 8 cm.(3)Surgical technique:The elbow posterior approach was commonly used. All of the patients underwent en-bloc resection,5 patients underwent the joint resection for their tumors were involved in the articular cavity,the remaining cases received intra-articular resection. Those patients with distal humerus tumors needed to reflect the triceps muscle.If possible,we tried to keep the ulna olecranon and triceps tendon attachment points.After removal of the tumor,we repaired to the greatest extent the forearm flexion and extension as well as pronation after spin muscle group attachment points.For cases of proximal ulna,we kept humerus medial condyle and lateral condyle as much as possible, embedding the humerus part of prosthesis into the fossa intercondyloidea.When installing the joints,humerus and ulna part of prosthesis were fixed in the medullary cavity with bone cement,respectively,and then the hinge was connected.The average operation time of the patients was about 120 min,the mean volume of blood loss was 400 ml,and the average time for the use of tourniquet was 80 min.(4)Postoperative recovery and follow-up:Active hand movement was encouraged after operation.Elbow joint cannot be moved until the wound healed. Pathological analysis of the resection specimen was conducted to determine the surgical boundary.1 5 cases received wide resection, and 9 cases received borderline resection. Regular follow-up was performed for all patients to record the situation of survival,metastasis,recurrence,function and implant complications.The scoring systems of Mayo elbow joint function (MEPS)and MSTS joint function were used to assess the patient′s postoperative function.Results One patient was lost to follow up,the rest 23 patients were followed up for at least one year or until to death (mean,37 months).During the follow-up,1 1 patients were tumor-free survivals.4 with metastatic carcinoma, one with osteosarcoma and one with Ewing′s sarcoma died within two years after the operation, respectively.Two cases of Ewing′s sarcoma, one of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, one of osteosarcoma with lung metastasis,and two of metastatic tumor,survived with tumor.Among the 6 patients with osteosarcoma,one lost to follow up,one died and one survived with lung metastasis,the other three were tumor-free survivals.In the 4 cases of Ewing′s sarcoma,one patient died of tumor metastasis,two survived with lung metastasis,and one was tumor-free survival.Tumors recurred locally in 3 cases (13%).The incidence of complication was 26.1% (6/23),including one patient with pull inj ury of radial nerve that recovered during the 6 months after operation.The wound was difficult to heal in 2 cases,and cured after debridement.Among 3 patients suffering implant complications,2 patients′prosthesis handle pricked the bone cortex and one patient′s prosthesis was aseptic loose. These three obtained good function after the operation of prosthesis revision.Postoperative MSTS score were as follows:the score of 5 cases with the whole tumor resection outside the joint and artificial elbow joint replacement was 25 points on average,the mean score of 18 cases with tumor resection inside the joint and artificial elbow joint replacement was 25.9 points.The operation effects of 18 cases were satisfactory (18/23,78.3%)and 5 cases were acceptable (5/23,21.7%).The average MEPS score of all the patients was 80 points.The mean flexion range of elbow was improved from 29°to 73°(range,55°-105°).Discussion Excisional arthroplasty or arthrodesis of the elbow always leads to poor function and is difficult for patients with bone loss. The options for reconstruction after excision of the tumor around the elbow are technically difficult and limited.This study presented our results of limb salvage surgery using custom-made prostheses for reconstruction of the elbow after tumor excision,and discussed the oncologic results,complications,and functional outcome.(1)The requirements of prosthesis and the patient in total elbow arthroplasty.The means of limb salvage and application of elbow prosthesis after the tumor resection have rarely been reported before.For total elbow arthroplasty for reconstruction of the elbow,prosthesis and the patient must meet certain requirements.Prosthesis should allow the steady activity of the forearm and hand,its length can make up the bone defects,and its mechanical strength can withstand everyday use.In addition,the prosthesis must be technically easy to install,and ensure stable fixation.In terms of the choice of cases,total elbow arthroplasty can be only applied to the patients with the functional neurovascular bundle,forearm and hand.The total elbow arthroplasty can not be used for the patients,who can be curative after tumor resection,but need to sacrifice margin to secure the implant.The treatment of patients with extensive tumor metastasis and poor prognosis,such as tumor resection,implant replacement surgery,chemotherapy or radiotherapy,need to be performed based on their own conditions.Furthermore,in such case,amputation should be avoided to retain the function of their hand and forearm.(2 ) Elbow reconstruction after tumor resection.Not many reconstruction methods are reported to rebuild a stable elbow after tumor resection.Arthrodesis or resection arthroplasty is often used for smaller bone defects. Arthrodesis results in limited postoperative elbow movement,and resection arthroplasty leads to postoperative joint instability.The allogeneic elbow transplantation has been applied for the larger defects.Semi-allogeneic transplant articular can make soft tissue attachment to retain muscle function and maintain joint stability,but the rate of postoperative complications can be as high as 70%.Infection,joint instability and dislocation often occur after surgery.Despite the solid internal fixation exists,postoperative bone nonunion occurred frequently (about 1 5% ).The other patients may had allogeneic bone resorption.The results of this study showed that the implementation of the whole elbow after tumor resection arthroplasty could significantly reduce the pain and improve the function.Patients with metastases may be treated by this surgical method,especially for whose symptoms can not be relieved by other methods.There is no better method than the artificial elbow replacement for the functional reconstruction after resection of the tumor around the elbow joint.And the incidence of complications after elbow arthroplasty is acceptable.(3 )Ensure the success of total elbow arthroplasty:Following points should be noted:①The principles of malignancy wide excision should be followed,otherwise local tumor recurrence might easily appear.②Soft tissue coverage should be sufficient to avoid incision problems,which could lead to failure of the prosthesis replacement surgery.③Patients with the tumor of distal humerus should be treated,after removal of the tumor,by the repair of the forearm flexion and extension as well as pronation after spin muscle group start and end points.If possible,partial medial and lateral condyle of humerus should be maintained as far as possible.④Due to the smaller ulnar canal and less bone cement poured,the intramedullary prosthesis should be designed as the coarse thread type,which helps to cement to prevent the prosthesis rotation and loosening.⑤For the smaller diameter of ulnar canal and curved shape,the ulnar prosthetic handle must not be too long,with 5-7 cm advisable,otherwise it will be easy to wear a bone cortex;⑥The medial and lateral condyle of humerus should be kept for patients with the tumor of proximal ulna. And the humerus part of prosthesis between fossa intercondyloidea should be embedded.(4)Function evaluation:All the three groups of patients started functional exercise after the postoperative 3 weeks. After 8 weeks,70% of patients had a"near normal"-like appearance with the elbow flexion range between 50 degrees to 90 degrees,5% of patients with an arc of motion of less than 50 degrees,25%of patients with an elbow flexion range of greater than 90 degrees.90% of the patients could make movements of their elbows without pain;80% of patients retained the function of the forearm rotation.Conclusions In conclusion,local tumor resection together with prosthetic reconstruction of the elbow can provide good surgical outcomes and less complication with oncologic safety for the appropriate patients. | 人工关节假体重建肘部肿瘤切除后骨缺损。目的：由于肘部重要的解剖结构密集,切除肘关节会导致肘、腕及手部关节功能丧失,因此肘关节周围肿瘤切除后骨缺损的重建较为困难。以往常用的方法包括关节融合术或切除成形术,但存在导致肘关节运动受限、关节不稳定等问题。本文回顾在肘关节周围肿瘤切除术后行全肘关节成型假体重建的病例,明确这种手术的疗效、功能及并发症。方法1998年至2010年,共有24例高度或低度恶性肿瘤患者在北京大学人民医院接受了肿瘤切除后全肘关节置换术,其中男14例,女10例,平均年龄42.6岁。病理诊断包括,骨肉瘤6例,尤文肉瘤4例,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤3例,骨巨细胞瘤2例,淋巴瘤、滑膜肉瘤、骨的硬纤维瘤各1例,转移癌6例。肿瘤累及肱骨远端12例,累及尺骨近端7例,肱骨远端及尺骨近端均受累5例。骨缺损重建采用定制型绞链式人工肘关节。术后鼓励患者主动活动手部,肘关节制动至伤口愈合后。切除标本进行病理分析确定外科边界,15例广泛切除、9例边缘性切除。对所有患者进行规律随访,记录生存、转移、复发、功能及假体并发症情况。采用Mayo肘关节功能评分(Mayo elbow performance scorce,MEPS)及肌肉骨骼肿瘤协会(MSTS)功能评分系统来评估患者的术后功能。结果1例患者失随访,其余23例患者均至少随访1年或随访至死亡(平均随访37个月)。在随访期间,11例患者无瘤生存；4例转移癌、1例骨肉瘤及1例尤文肉瘤患者分别死于术后2年内；2例尤文肉瘤、1例恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、1例骨肉瘤发生肺转移以及2例转移瘤患者带瘤生存。6例骨肉瘤中,失随访、死亡、肺转移带瘤生存各1例,其余3例无瘤存活；4例尤文肉瘤中,1例死于肿瘤转移,2例肺转移带瘤生存,其余1例无瘤存活。肿瘤局部复发3例(13%)。6例患者出现并发症,发生率26.1%,包括桡神经牵拉伤1例,伤口不愈合2例,无菌性松动及假体柄穿出骨皮质共3例。术后 MSTS评分：5例关节外肿瘤切除患者平均25分,18例关节内切除患者平均25.9分。MEPS评分平均80分。肘关节的平均屈伸范围73°(范围：55°~105°)。结论对于适当的患者进行肘部肿瘤切除、人工关节假体重建可以提供良好的肿瘤学结果、较低的并发症发生率、获得良好的术后功能。 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 大型板坯连铸控制系统。本文结合某钢厂大型板坯连铸机的设计，重点叙述了在引进“二手”板坯连铸设备的基础上，配置全新“三电”控制系统的功能。 | A large-size slab CCM control system. In light of the large-size slab CCM of an iron & steel plant,this article describes the functions of a brand new EIC(electrical instrumentation & computer) control system on the basis of the introduced secondhand slab continuous casting equipment. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | A large-size slab CCM control system. In light of the large-size slab CCM of an iron & steel plant,this article describes the functions of a brand new EIC(electrical instrumentation & computer) control system on the basis of the introduced secondhand slab continuous casting equipment. | 大型板坯连铸控制系统。本文结合某钢厂大型板坯连铸机的设计，重点叙述了在引进“二手”板坯连铸设备的基础上，配置全新“三电”控制系统的功能。 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 我国男子排球高水平副攻运动员专项移动和弹跳素质表现特征的研究 | Research on the Specific Movement and Jumping Quality Characteristics of High Level Middle Blockers of Man's Volleyball Team in China |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Research on the Specific Movement and Jumping Quality Characteristics of High Level Middle Blockers of Man's Volleyball Team in China | 我国男子排球高水平副攻运动员专项移动和弹跳素质表现特征的研究 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 长距离掘进巷道爆破粉尘非稳态分布规律 | Unsteady distribution law of blasting dust in long distance driving roadway |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Unsteady distribution law of blasting dust in long distance driving roadway | 长距离掘进巷道爆破粉尘非稳态分布规律 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 利声显心肌声学造影显像在冠脉搭桥术中的应用。目的 评价经静脉注射利声显心肌声学造影间隙显像在冠脉搭桥术中的应用价值。方法 用经静脉注射利声显心肌声学造影间隙显像,对25例临床诊断为陈旧性心肌梗死准备行冠脉搭桥术患者手术前后的心肌灌注和心脏功能进行分析。结果 术前灌注正常、减弱和无灌注的节段分别为22、57和13个。术后灌注正常、减弱和无灌注的节段分别为55、35和2个。造影记分指数从术前的 0.74±0.08 增加到术后的 0.89±0.06，差别有极显著性意义（P<0.001）。92个与搭桥相关的节段中，术后59个（64%）功能改善。室壁运动记分指数从术前的 1.50±0.27 减少到术后 1.24±0.20（P<0.001）。左室射血分数从 0.49±0.05 增加到 0.55±0.04（P<0.001）。手术前后室壁运动记分指数和左室射血分数的变化程度与心肌声学造影检测为存活心肌的节段数高度相关（r=0.96，0.82，P均<0.001）；术后室壁运动记分指数和左室射血分数与术前心肌造影记分指数相关（r=-0.64，0.60，P均<0.05）。心肌声学造影对冠脉搭桥术后心脏节段功能恢复的预测敏感性和特异性分别为98%和36%。结论 经静脉注射利声显心肌声学造影不仅可用于评价冠脉搭桥术的效果，还可预测术后左室功能的恢复。 | Application of myocardial contrast echocardiography with intravenous injection of Levovist in coronary artery bypass graft. Objective To evaluate the value of intermittent myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) by intravenous injection of Levovist in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).Methods The myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function before and after operation in 25 patients with previous myocardial infarction, who were scheduled to undergo CABG, were studied by intermittent MCE after intravenous injection of Levovist.Results The numbers of segment with normal, reduced and no perfusion were 33, 57 and 13 respectively before surgery,and 55, 35 and 2 respectively at follow-up. Contrast score index increased from 0.74±0.08 to 0.89±0.06（P<0.001）. In the 92 revascularized segments, 59（64%） were improved. Wall motion score index was 1.50±0.27 at baseline and decreased to 1.24±0.20 after surgery（P<0.001）. Left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 0.49±0.05 to 0.55±0.04 at follow-up（P<0.001）.The Changes of wall motion score index and left ventricular ejection fraction before and after surgery were related significantly to the number of viable dysfunctional segments (r=0.96 and 0.82,P<0.001). Significant correlations were also present between postoperation wall motion score index or ejection fraction and preoperation contrast score index (r=-0.64 and 0.60,P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of MCE for predicting the recovery of segmental function after CABG were 98% and 36%.Conclusions MCE with intravenous injection of Levovist not only can be used for assessment of CABG, but also predict the recovery of left ventricular function. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Application of myocardial contrast echocardiography with intravenous injection of Levovist in coronary artery bypass graft. Objective To evaluate the value of intermittent myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) by intravenous injection of Levovist in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).Methods The myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function before and after operation in 25 patients with previous myocardial infarction, who were scheduled to undergo CABG, were studied by intermittent MCE after intravenous injection of Levovist.Results The numbers of segment with normal, reduced and no perfusion were 33, 57 and 13 respectively before surgery,and 55, 35 and 2 respectively at follow-up. Contrast score index increased from 0.74±0.08 to 0.89±0.06（P<0.001）. In the 92 revascularized segments, 59（64%） were improved. Wall motion score index was 1.50±0.27 at baseline and decreased to 1.24±0.20 after surgery（P<0.001）. Left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 0.49±0.05 to 0.55±0.04 at follow-up（P<0.001）.The Changes of wall motion score index and left ventricular ejection fraction before and after surgery were related significantly to the number of viable dysfunctional segments (r=0.96 and 0.82,P<0.001). Significant correlations were also present between postoperation wall motion score index or ejection fraction and preoperation contrast score index (r=-0.64 and 0.60,P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of MCE for predicting the recovery of segmental function after CABG were 98% and 36%.Conclusions MCE with intravenous injection of Levovist not only can be used for assessment of CABG, but also predict the recovery of left ventricular function. | 利声显心肌声学造影显像在冠脉搭桥术中的应用。目的 评价经静脉注射利声显心肌声学造影间隙显像在冠脉搭桥术中的应用价值。方法 用经静脉注射利声显心肌声学造影间隙显像,对25例临床诊断为陈旧性心肌梗死准备行冠脉搭桥术患者手术前后的心肌灌注和心脏功能进行分析。结果 术前灌注正常、减弱和无灌注的节段分别为22、57和13个。术后灌注正常、减弱和无灌注的节段分别为55、35和2个。造影记分指数从术前的 0.74±0.08 增加到术后的 0.89±0.06，差别有极显著性意义（P<0.001）。92个与搭桥相关的节段中，术后59个（64%）功能改善。室壁运动记分指数从术前的 1.50±0.27 减少到术后 1.24±0.20（P<0.001）。左室射血分数从 0.49±0.05 增加到 0.55±0.04（P<0.001）。手术前后室壁运动记分指数和左室射血分数的变化程度与心肌声学造影检测为存活心肌的节段数高度相关（r=0.96，0.82，P均<0.001）；术后室壁运动记分指数和左室射血分数与术前心肌造影记分指数相关（r=-0.64，0.60，P均<0.05）。心肌声学造影对冠脉搭桥术后心脏节段功能恢复的预测敏感性和特异性分别为98%和36%。结论 经静脉注射利声显心肌声学造影不仅可用于评价冠脉搭桥术的效果，还可预测术后左室功能的恢复。 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 鄱阳湖可采砂区确定的意义及原则 | The significance and principle of determining the quarry zone in Poyang Lake |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | The significance and principle of determining the quarry zone in Poyang Lake | 鄱阳湖可采砂区确定的意义及原则 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 基于HFSS的S波段微带发夹型滤波器设计 | Design of S-band Microstrip Hairpin Filter Based on HFSS |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Design of S-band Microstrip Hairpin Filter Based on HFSS | 基于HFSS的S波段微带发夹型滤波器设计 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | ChatGPT辅助高中英语写作反馈的实证研究。为探究ChatGPT应用于高中英语写作反馈的可能性、可行性和有效性,基于实证调查,探讨ChatGPT在词汇、语法和语篇 3 个维度上的反馈特点及优势.结果发现:ChatGPT辅助二语写作反馈有助于改善目前"笼而统之"的反馈模式,拓展写作反馈的内容维度;有助于拓宽元语用教学资源,提升写作反馈的信度和效度;有助于增强话语互动,进而提升学生的语用能力.在人工智能蓬勃发展的背景下,ChatGPT辅助高中英语写作反馈是二语写作反馈朝着智能化迈进的一种全新探索与尝试. | An Empirical Study of ChatGPT Assisting Senior High School English Writing Feedback. To explore the possibility,feasibility and effectiveness of the application of ChatGPT to the feedback of senior high school English writing and based on the perspective of empirical investigation,this paper discusses the feedback characteristics and advantages of ChatGPT in three dimensions:vocabulary,grammar and discourse.The results show that ChatGPT helps to improve the current"cage-only"feedback mode and expand the content dimension of writing feedback.It is helpful to broaden the meta-pragmatic teaching resources and improve the reliability and validity of writing feedback.It is helpful to activate discourse interaction and improve students'pragmatic competence.In the background of the vigorous development of artificial intelligence,ChatGPT assisting senior high school English writing feedback is a new exploration and attempt of second language writing feedback towards intelligence. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | An Empirical Study of ChatGPT Assisting Senior High School English Writing Feedback. To explore the possibility,feasibility and effectiveness of the application of ChatGPT to the feedback of senior high school English writing and based on the perspective of empirical investigation,this paper discusses the feedback characteristics and advantages of ChatGPT in three dimensions:vocabulary,grammar and discourse.The results show that ChatGPT helps to improve the current"cage-only"feedback mode and expand the content dimension of writing feedback.It is helpful to broaden the meta-pragmatic teaching resources and improve the reliability and validity of writing feedback.It is helpful to activate discourse interaction and improve students'pragmatic competence.In the background of the vigorous development of artificial intelligence,ChatGPT assisting senior high school English writing feedback is a new exploration and attempt of second language writing feedback towards intelligence. | ChatGPT辅助高中英语写作反馈的实证研究。为探究ChatGPT应用于高中英语写作反馈的可能性、可行性和有效性,基于实证调查,探讨ChatGPT在词汇、语法和语篇 3 个维度上的反馈特点及优势.结果发现:ChatGPT辅助二语写作反馈有助于改善目前"笼而统之"的反馈模式,拓展写作反馈的内容维度;有助于拓宽元语用教学资源,提升写作反馈的信度和效度;有助于增强话语互动,进而提升学生的语用能力.在人工智能蓬勃发展的背景下,ChatGPT辅助高中英语写作反馈是二语写作反馈朝着智能化迈进的一种全新探索与尝试. |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 三塘湖盆地致密油水平井增能压裂力学机理 | Mechanical mechanism of horizontal well energized fracturing of tight oil in Santanghu Basin |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Mechanical mechanism of horizontal well energized fracturing of tight oil in Santanghu Basin | 三塘湖盆地致密油水平井增能压裂力学机理 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 大剂量奥美拉唑治疗重症脑病致上消化道出血的疗效观察 | Observation of curative effect of large dose of omeprazole on stress upper digestive tract bleeding in the neurosurgical patients with severe cerebral diseases |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Observation of curative effect of large dose of omeprazole on stress upper digestive tract bleeding in the neurosurgical patients with severe cerebral diseases | 大剂量奥美拉唑治疗重症脑病致上消化道出血的疗效观察 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 英语重音研究的理论源流及发展 | The Theories and Development of Studies on English Stress |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | The Theories and Development of Studies on English Stress | 英语重音研究的理论源流及发展 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 长疗程治疗老年人反流性食管炎疗效观察。目的 观察长疗程治疗老年人反流性食管炎的临床疗效.方法 反流性食管炎患者124例,采用数字表法随机分为观察组62例与对照组62例,观察组予长疗程治疗(常规治疗结束后维持治疗3个月),对照组予常规治疗,比较两组自觉症状评分、内镜下愈合情况.结果 治疗前及治疗后3个月,两组反流症状积分差异均无统计学意义(t=1.325、1.241,均P＞0.05)；治疗6个月、12个月,观察组反流症状积分明显低于对照组(t =24.325、18.124,均P＜0.01)；总疗程结束后,观察组治疗效果优良率为90.0%,高于对照组的55.7%(x2=17.902,P＜0.01)；观察组食管炎愈合优良率为86.7%,高于对照组的57.4%(x2=12.844,P＜0.01).结论 长疗程治疗老年人反流性食管炎效果良好,病变愈合质量高,值得临房进一步推广. | Effect observation of long-range treatment for elderly patients with reflux esophagitis. Objective To observe the clinical effect of long-range treatment for elderly patients with reflux esophagitis.Methods 124 reflux esophagitis patients were randomly divided into observation group (62 cases) and control group (62 cases) according to random number method.The observation group received long-range treatment (maintain treatment for 3 months after the end of the routine treatment),while the control group received conventional treatment,symptoms score and endoscopic healing of two groups were compared.Results Before treatment and 3 months after treatment,two groups of reflux symptom scores were not significantly different (t =1.325,1.241,all P ＞ 0.05),6 and 12 months after treatment,reflux symptoms score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t =24.325,18.124,P ＜ 0.01),after total treatment,the good treatment effect rate of the observation group was 90.0%,which was higher than that of the contol group(55.7%)(x2 =17.902,P ＜0.01),healing of esophagitis excellent rate of the observation group was 86.7%,which was higher than that of the contol group (57.4%) (x2 =12.844,P ＜0.01).Conclusion Long-range treatment of symptomatic improvement has good effect in elderly the reflux esophagitis,the lesion healing to improve the quality,which is worthy of further promotion research. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Effect observation of long-range treatment for elderly patients with reflux esophagitis. Objective To observe the clinical effect of long-range treatment for elderly patients with reflux esophagitis.Methods 124 reflux esophagitis patients were randomly divided into observation group (62 cases) and control group (62 cases) according to random number method.The observation group received long-range treatment (maintain treatment for 3 months after the end of the routine treatment),while the control group received conventional treatment,symptoms score and endoscopic healing of two groups were compared.Results Before treatment and 3 months after treatment,two groups of reflux symptom scores were not significantly different (t =1.325,1.241,all P ＞ 0.05),6 and 12 months after treatment,reflux symptoms score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t =24.325,18.124,P ＜ 0.01),after total treatment,the good treatment effect rate of the observation group was 90.0%,which was higher than that of the contol group(55.7%)(x2 =17.902,P ＜0.01),healing of esophagitis excellent rate of the observation group was 86.7%,which was higher than that of the contol group (57.4%) (x2 =12.844,P ＜0.01).Conclusion Long-range treatment of symptomatic improvement has good effect in elderly the reflux esophagitis,the lesion healing to improve the quality,which is worthy of further promotion research. | 长疗程治疗老年人反流性食管炎疗效观察。目的 观察长疗程治疗老年人反流性食管炎的临床疗效.方法 反流性食管炎患者124例,采用数字表法随机分为观察组62例与对照组62例,观察组予长疗程治疗(常规治疗结束后维持治疗3个月),对照组予常规治疗,比较两组自觉症状评分、内镜下愈合情况.结果 治疗前及治疗后3个月,两组反流症状积分差异均无统计学意义(t=1.325、1.241,均P＞0.05)；治疗6个月、12个月,观察组反流症状积分明显低于对照组(t =24.325、18.124,均P＜0.01)；总疗程结束后,观察组治疗效果优良率为90.0%,高于对照组的55.7%(x2=17.902,P＜0.01)；观察组食管炎愈合优良率为86.7%,高于对照组的57.4%(x2=12.844,P＜0.01).结论 长疗程治疗老年人反流性食管炎效果良好,病变愈合质量高,值得临房进一步推广. |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 自动加压带锁髓内钉疗股骨干骨折的生物力学原理与临床应用 | BIOMECHANIC PRINCIPLE AND CLINICAL APPLICATION OF AUTO-COMPRESS LOCKING NAIL IN FEMORAL SHAFT FRACTURE THERAPY |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | BIOMECHANIC PRINCIPLE AND CLINICAL APPLICATION OF AUTO-COMPRESS LOCKING NAIL IN FEMORAL SHAFT FRACTURE THERAPY | 自动加压带锁髓内钉疗股骨干骨折的生物力学原理与临床应用 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 一类高阶整函数系数线性微分方程解的超级 | ON THE HYPER-ORDER OF SOLUTIONS OF CERTAIN HIGHER-ORDER LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH ENTIRE COEFFICIENTS |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | ON THE HYPER-ORDER OF SOLUTIONS OF CERTAIN HIGHER-ORDER LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH ENTIRE COEFFICIENTS | 一类高阶整函数系数线性微分方程解的超级 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 面向变电设备金属锈蚀检测的分层嵌套标注方法 | A hierarchical annotation method for metal corrosion detection of power equipment |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | A hierarchical annotation method for metal corrosion detection of power equipment | 面向变电设备金属锈蚀检测的分层嵌套标注方法 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 制度建设何以促进边疆民族地区社会稳定——从价值功用到建构逻辑 | How Can Institutional Construction Promote Social Stability in Border Ethnic Areas——From Value Function to Construction Logic |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | How Can Institutional Construction Promote Social Stability in Border Ethnic Areas——From Value Function to Construction Logic | 制度建设何以促进边疆民族地区社会稳定——从价值功用到建构逻辑 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 聚丙烯/膨胀石墨/碳纤维导热复合材料 | Polypropylene/Expanded Graphite/Carbon Fiber Thermal Conductive Composite |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Polypropylene/Expanded Graphite/Carbon Fiber Thermal Conductive Composite | 聚丙烯/膨胀石墨/碳纤维导热复合材料 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 苯氧基四溴双酚A聚碳酸酯齐聚物对聚碳酸酯阻燃性能的影响 | Effect of Carbonate Oligomer of Tetrabromobisphenol A on Flame Retardance of Polycarbonate |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Effect of Carbonate Oligomer of Tetrabromobisphenol A on Flame Retardance of Polycarbonate | 苯氧基四溴双酚A聚碳酸酯齐聚物对聚碳酸酯阻燃性能的影响 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 动态脑电图在儿童癫癎与非癫癎性发作鉴别诊断中的应用 | The application of AEEG in diagnosis of epileptic seizures and non-epileptic seizures in children |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | The application of AEEG in diagnosis of epileptic seizures and non-epileptic seizures in children | 动态脑电图在儿童癫癎与非癫癎性发作鉴别诊断中的应用 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 不同植被条件下苏打盐渍土容重与水分入渗速率差异。以松嫩平原苏打盐渍土为对象，研究了不同植被条件下松嫩平原苏打盐渍土土壤容重、入渗速率变化及它们之间的差异。结果表明，不同植被条件下土壤容重差异显著，在采样深度0～20 cm及20 cm～40 cm范围内，芦苇条件下苏打盐渍土土壤容重值最高，且随着采样深度增加而增加；羊草条件下苏打盐渍土土壤容重值最小，且随着采样深度增加而减小。植被覆盖可以增加苏打盐渍土土壤水分入渗速率。入渗速率拟合的方程与实测值在时间为110 min内时基本吻合。图1，表4，参32。 | Soil Bulk Density and Water Infiltration Rate under Different Vegetations in Saline-sodic Soils. Soil bulk density and water infiltration rate were determined under different plant communities in saline -sodic soils in the Songnen Plain.The bulk density measurements showed that there was a significant difference among different vegetation covers .The lar-gest soil bulk density was found under Phragmites australis( Cav.) Trin.ex Steud.and was increased with the increase of sampling depth in soil.On the contrast,the lowest soil bulk density was observed under Leymus chinensis,which was decreased with the increase of sam-pling depth in soil.The result of water infiltration rate indicated that vegetation covers could increase water infiltration rate .The esti-mates of water infiltration rate showed a consistent agreement with the actual measured values from 0 minute to 110 minutes. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Soil Bulk Density and Water Infiltration Rate under Different Vegetations in Saline-sodic Soils. Soil bulk density and water infiltration rate were determined under different plant communities in saline -sodic soils in the Songnen Plain.The bulk density measurements showed that there was a significant difference among different vegetation covers .The lar-gest soil bulk density was found under Phragmites australis( Cav.) Trin.ex Steud.and was increased with the increase of sampling depth in soil.On the contrast,the lowest soil bulk density was observed under Leymus chinensis,which was decreased with the increase of sam-pling depth in soil.The result of water infiltration rate indicated that vegetation covers could increase water infiltration rate .The esti-mates of water infiltration rate showed a consistent agreement with the actual measured values from 0 minute to 110 minutes. | 不同植被条件下苏打盐渍土容重与水分入渗速率差异。以松嫩平原苏打盐渍土为对象，研究了不同植被条件下松嫩平原苏打盐渍土土壤容重、入渗速率变化及它们之间的差异。结果表明，不同植被条件下土壤容重差异显著，在采样深度0～20 cm及20 cm～40 cm范围内，芦苇条件下苏打盐渍土土壤容重值最高，且随着采样深度增加而增加；羊草条件下苏打盐渍土土壤容重值最小，且随着采样深度增加而减小。植被覆盖可以增加苏打盐渍土土壤水分入渗速率。入渗速率拟合的方程与实测值在时间为110 min内时基本吻合。图1，表4，参32。 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 考虑自密实混凝土工作性能下外加剂掺量分析 | ANALYSIS ON THE QUANTITY OF ADMIXTURE CONSIDERING THE OPERATING PERFORMANCE OF SELF-CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | ANALYSIS ON THE QUANTITY OF ADMIXTURE CONSIDERING THE OPERATING PERFORMANCE OF SELF-CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE | 考虑自密实混凝土工作性能下外加剂掺量分析 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 干型阳极糊在70kA侧插自焙槽上的应用研讨 | The Application of and Discussion about Dry Anode Paste in 70kA Aluminum Smelting Horizontal stud por |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | The Application of and Discussion about Dry Anode Paste in 70kA Aluminum Smelting Horizontal stud por | 干型阳极糊在70kA侧插自焙槽上的应用研讨 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 质量--进入新世纪的通行证 | Quality-Pass for Entering into New Century |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Quality-Pass for Entering into New Century | 质量--进入新世纪的通行证 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 心脏再同步治疗难治性心力衰竭的临床应用。目的 评价心脏再同步治疗(CRT)难治性心力衰竭的临床疗效.方法 21例难治性心力衰竭患者接受CRT治疗;左心室导线采用经心脏静脉血管径路植入或开胸直接缝合左心室心外膜导线.植入术后定期随访,分析患者心功能、活动耐量、生活质量评分、QRS时限、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)等指标的变化,评价CRT的临床疗效,测试起搏参数并在超声心动图指导下优化AV间期和VV间期.结果 21例患者成功植入CRT,其中3例患者因心脏静脉血管畸形而采用开胸植入左心室心外膜导线.平均随访(9.8±9.5)个月,死亡3例;2例患者因心力衰竭症状复发再住院;其余患者心功能分级、生活质量评分、活动耐量较植入术前有显著改善;植入术后1个月LVEF明显提高(0.31±0.06对0.37±0.05,P<0.01);二尖瓣反流程度[(2.24.±0.89)级对(1.43±0.75)级,P<0.01];LVEDD植入术后6个月明显减小((71.91±8.38)mm对(68.82±10.80)mm,P<0.05];QRs时限分析显示CRT治疗有效组术后明显变窄((162.50±24.08)ms对(142.50±19.15)ms,P<0.05],无效组变化不明显[(148.00±10.95)ms对(138.00±4.47)ms,P>0.05].1例患者左心室导线脱位.右心房和右心室起搏导线的阈值、感知灵敏度及阻抗均在正常范围,左心室导线各参数,除1例患者阈值升高外余均正常.3例开胸植入心外膜导线患者除1例于植入术后第5个月心脏性猝死,余2例分别随访18个月和26个月,左心室导线阈值分别为0.5 V/0.4 ms和1.0 V/0.4 ms.CRT治疗的总临床有效率为76.2%.结论 CRT治疗难治性心力衰竭有效,能恢复患者心脏电活动和机械活动的同步性,显著改善心功能.QRS时限变窄是CRT疗效的重要预测指标. | Clinical application of cardiac resynchronization therapy for refractory heart failure. Objective To evaluate the chnical effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for refractory heart failure.Methods Twenty-one patients with refractory heart failure received CRT device implantation.The left ventricular electrode lead was implanted via cardiac vein through coronary sinus or by epicardial suture.The effectiveness of CRT was evaluated in terms of NYHA class,exercise tolerance,quality of life,QRS width,LVEF and LVEDD during follow-up period.Pacing parameters were tested,and AV/VV interval was optimized by the guidance of echocardiography.Results CRT devices were successfully implanted in 21 patients.Left ventricular epicardial electrode lead was implanted by suture due to deformation of coronary vein in three patients.The mean Follow-up duration was(9.8 ± 9.5 )months.Three patients died and two patients reinhospitalized during follow-up period.The heart function classification,quality of life and distance of 6 minutes hall walk improved significantly after CRT implantation.The LVEF increased from 0.31 20.06 to 0.37 20.05(P<0.01) ,and improved mitral regurgitation was seen in grade 2.24 ±0.89 to 1.43±0.75(P<0.01)one month after CRT implantation.LVEDD decreased from(71.91 ±8.38 )mm to (68.82 ± 10.80) mm (P<0.05 )at 6 month after-implantation.QRS duration decreased significantly after CRT implantation among CRT responsers[(162.50 ± 24.08 ) ms vs( 142.50 ±19.15 ) ms,P <0.05] ,but not in CRT non-responsers[ ( 148.00 ±10.95)ms vs( 138.00 ±4.47) ms,P>0.05].One patient had left ventricular electrode lead dislocation after 2 months.Pacing parameters of electrode leads were within normal range except one patient with high pacing threshold(6.0 V/1.2 ms).The threshold of epicardial electrode lead in two patients was 0.5 V/0.4 ms and 1.0 V/0.4 ms at 18-month and 26-month follow-up,respectively.Atrio-ventricular,inter-ventricular and intraventricular synchrony was achieved by optimizing AV and VV interval by the guidance of echocardiography for all patients.The total clinical effectiveness of CRT was 76.2%.Conclusion CRT is beneficial to patients with refractory heart failure by recovering the cardiac electric and mechanical synchronization.QRS duration is an important predictive index for CBT effectiveness. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Clinical application of cardiac resynchronization therapy for refractory heart failure. Objective To evaluate the chnical effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for refractory heart failure.Methods Twenty-one patients with refractory heart failure received CRT device implantation.The left ventricular electrode lead was implanted via cardiac vein through coronary sinus or by epicardial suture.The effectiveness of CRT was evaluated in terms of NYHA class,exercise tolerance,quality of life,QRS width,LVEF and LVEDD during follow-up period.Pacing parameters were tested,and AV/VV interval was optimized by the guidance of echocardiography.Results CRT devices were successfully implanted in 21 patients.Left ventricular epicardial electrode lead was implanted by suture due to deformation of coronary vein in three patients.The mean Follow-up duration was(9.8 ± 9.5 )months.Three patients died and two patients reinhospitalized during follow-up period.The heart function classification,quality of life and distance of 6 minutes hall walk improved significantly after CRT implantation.The LVEF increased from 0.31 20.06 to 0.37 20.05(P<0.01) ,and improved mitral regurgitation was seen in grade 2.24 ±0.89 to 1.43±0.75(P<0.01)one month after CRT implantation.LVEDD decreased from(71.91 ±8.38 )mm to (68.82 ± 10.80) mm (P<0.05 )at 6 month after-implantation.QRS duration decreased significantly after CRT implantation among CRT responsers[(162.50 ± 24.08 ) ms vs( 142.50 ±19.15 ) ms,P <0.05] ,but not in CRT non-responsers[ ( 148.00 ±10.95)ms vs( 138.00 ±4.47) ms,P>0.05].One patient had left ventricular electrode lead dislocation after 2 months.Pacing parameters of electrode leads were within normal range except one patient with high pacing threshold(6.0 V/1.2 ms).The threshold of epicardial electrode lead in two patients was 0.5 V/0.4 ms and 1.0 V/0.4 ms at 18-month and 26-month follow-up,respectively.Atrio-ventricular,inter-ventricular and intraventricular synchrony was achieved by optimizing AV and VV interval by the guidance of echocardiography for all patients.The total clinical effectiveness of CRT was 76.2%.Conclusion CRT is beneficial to patients with refractory heart failure by recovering the cardiac electric and mechanical synchronization.QRS duration is an important predictive index for CBT effectiveness. | 心脏再同步治疗难治性心力衰竭的临床应用。目的 评价心脏再同步治疗(CRT)难治性心力衰竭的临床疗效.方法 21例难治性心力衰竭患者接受CRT治疗;左心室导线采用经心脏静脉血管径路植入或开胸直接缝合左心室心外膜导线.植入术后定期随访,分析患者心功能、活动耐量、生活质量评分、QRS时限、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末内径(LVEDD)等指标的变化,评价CRT的临床疗效,测试起搏参数并在超声心动图指导下优化AV间期和VV间期.结果 21例患者成功植入CRT,其中3例患者因心脏静脉血管畸形而采用开胸植入左心室心外膜导线.平均随访(9.8±9.5)个月,死亡3例;2例患者因心力衰竭症状复发再住院;其余患者心功能分级、生活质量评分、活动耐量较植入术前有显著改善;植入术后1个月LVEF明显提高(0.31±0.06对0.37±0.05,P<0.01);二尖瓣反流程度[(2.24.±0.89)级对(1.43±0.75)级,P<0.01];LVEDD植入术后6个月明显减小((71.91±8.38)mm对(68.82±10.80)mm,P<0.05];QRs时限分析显示CRT治疗有效组术后明显变窄((162.50±24.08)ms对(142.50±19.15)ms,P<0.05],无效组变化不明显[(148.00±10.95)ms对(138.00±4.47)ms,P>0.05].1例患者左心室导线脱位.右心房和右心室起搏导线的阈值、感知灵敏度及阻抗均在正常范围,左心室导线各参数,除1例患者阈值升高外余均正常.3例开胸植入心外膜导线患者除1例于植入术后第5个月心脏性猝死,余2例分别随访18个月和26个月,左心室导线阈值分别为0.5 V/0.4 ms和1.0 V/0.4 ms.CRT治疗的总临床有效率为76.2%.结论 CRT治疗难治性心力衰竭有效,能恢复患者心脏电活动和机械活动的同步性,显著改善心功能.QRS时限变窄是CRT疗效的重要预测指标. |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 不平衡数据分类数据层面方法:现状及研究进展 | Data-level methods of imbalanced data classification:status and research development |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Data-level methods of imbalanced data classification:status and research development | 不平衡数据分类数据层面方法:现状及研究进展 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 不同长势古树土壤真菌群落组成和多样性 | The Composition and Diversity of Soil Fungal Community in Ancient Trees with Different Growth Potentials |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | The Composition and Diversity of Soil Fungal Community in Ancient Trees with Different Growth Potentials | 不同长势古树土壤真菌群落组成和多样性 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | T2MD 患者空腹血糖水平与新发缺血脑卒中的关系研究。目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2MD）患者空腹血糖水平对新发缺血脑卒中的影响。方法以2012年6月至2014年6月收治的168例 T2MD 患者为研究对象，根据患者头部 CT 诊断结果将患者分为 T2MD 无缺血脑卒组（T2MD组）82例以及 T2MD 合并缺血脑卒中组（合并脑卒中组）86例，另选取80例正常体检者为对照组。分别测定三组体重指数（BMI）、空腹血糖值（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）、低密度脂胆固醇（LDL - C）、高密度脂胆固醇（HDL - C），并计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA - IR）。空腹血糖与各指标的关系应用 Pearson 单因素分析，FBG 与脑卒中的关系应用 Logistic 多因素进行分析。结果 T2MD 组及合并脑卒中组 BMI、FBG、HbA1C、Hcy、FINS、HOMA - IR、TC、TG、LDL - C 水平显著高于对照组（ P ﹤0.05），而 HDL - C 水平则低于对照组（ P ﹤0.05），其中合并脑卒中组 FBG、HbA1C、FINS、HOMA - IR、Hcy、LDL- C 水平显著高于 T2MD 组（ P ﹤0.05）。经 Pearson 单因素分析可知，FBG 与 FINS、HOMA - IR、LDL - C 呈正相关（ P﹤0.05）。经 Logistic 多因素分析显示，FBG、FINS、HOMA - IR、Hcy 是 T2MD 合并脑卒中发生的独立危险因素。结论T2MD 患者空腹血糖水平与新发缺血性脑卒中关系密切，且是脑卒中存在的独立危险因子。通过控制 T2MD 患者空腹血糖水平可有效预防缺血性脑卒中的发生。 | Study on relationship between blood level of fasting glucose and new-onset of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 MD. Objective To explore the effect of blood level of fasting glucose on new onset of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabe-tes mellitus(T2MD). Methods A total of 128 cases of T2MD during June 2012 to June 2014 were divided into T2MD without ischemic stroke group(n = 82)and T2MD complicated with ischemic stoke group(n = 86)according to their results of cerebral CT scanning,and 80 healthy per-sons were selected as control group. Body mass index(BMI),blood levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C) and fasting insulin(FINS),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),levels of homocysteine( Hcy),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride(TG),low - density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL - C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL - C),and insulin resist-ance index(HOMA - IR)were measured in patients of these groups. The correlation of plasma level of fasting glucose and respective indices were analyzed with Pearson univariate analysis. The relationship between stroke and FBG had been analyzed with Logistic multivariate analysis. Results Levels of BMI,FBG,HbA1C,Hcy,FINS,HOMA - IR,TC,TG and LDL - C in patients of T2MD group and combined stroke group were sig-nificantly higher than those of control group( P ﹤ 0. 05),whereas level of HDL - C was lower than that of control group( P ﹤ 0. 05),and levels of FBG,HbA1C,FINS,HOMA - IR,Hcy and LDL - C in patients merged with stroke group were significantly higher than those of T2MD group ( P ﹤ 0. 05). Pearson univariate analysis showed levels of FBG,FINS,HOMA - IR and LDL - C were positively correlated( P ﹤ 0. 05). Logis-tic multivariate analysis showed that levels of FBG,FINS,HOMA - IR and Hcy were independent risk factors for mergence of stroke in patients with T2MD. Conclusion Level of fasting glucose in patients with T2MD is closely correlated to the new - onset of ischemic stroke,and it is an independent risk factor for occurrence of stroke in patients with T2MD. The onset of ischemic stroke can be effectively prevented by measuring blood level of fasting glucose and it can be effectively applied for prevention of the occurrence of ischemic stroke. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Study on relationship between blood level of fasting glucose and new-onset of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 MD. Objective To explore the effect of blood level of fasting glucose on new onset of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabe-tes mellitus(T2MD). Methods A total of 128 cases of T2MD during June 2012 to June 2014 were divided into T2MD without ischemic stroke group(n = 82)and T2MD complicated with ischemic stoke group(n = 86)according to their results of cerebral CT scanning,and 80 healthy per-sons were selected as control group. Body mass index(BMI),blood levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C) and fasting insulin(FINS),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),levels of homocysteine( Hcy),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride(TG),low - density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL - C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL - C),and insulin resist-ance index(HOMA - IR)were measured in patients of these groups. The correlation of plasma level of fasting glucose and respective indices were analyzed with Pearson univariate analysis. The relationship between stroke and FBG had been analyzed with Logistic multivariate analysis. Results Levels of BMI,FBG,HbA1C,Hcy,FINS,HOMA - IR,TC,TG and LDL - C in patients of T2MD group and combined stroke group were sig-nificantly higher than those of control group( P ﹤ 0. 05),whereas level of HDL - C was lower than that of control group( P ﹤ 0. 05),and levels of FBG,HbA1C,FINS,HOMA - IR,Hcy and LDL - C in patients merged with stroke group were significantly higher than those of T2MD group ( P ﹤ 0. 05). Pearson univariate analysis showed levels of FBG,FINS,HOMA - IR and LDL - C were positively correlated( P ﹤ 0. 05). Logis-tic multivariate analysis showed that levels of FBG,FINS,HOMA - IR and Hcy were independent risk factors for mergence of stroke in patients with T2MD. Conclusion Level of fasting glucose in patients with T2MD is closely correlated to the new - onset of ischemic stroke,and it is an independent risk factor for occurrence of stroke in patients with T2MD. The onset of ischemic stroke can be effectively prevented by measuring blood level of fasting glucose and it can be effectively applied for prevention of the occurrence of ischemic stroke. | T2MD 患者空腹血糖水平与新发缺血脑卒中的关系研究。目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2MD）患者空腹血糖水平对新发缺血脑卒中的影响。方法以2012年6月至2014年6月收治的168例 T2MD 患者为研究对象，根据患者头部 CT 诊断结果将患者分为 T2MD 无缺血脑卒组（T2MD组）82例以及 T2MD 合并缺血脑卒中组（合并脑卒中组）86例，另选取80例正常体检者为对照组。分别测定三组体重指数（BMI）、空腹血糖值（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）、低密度脂胆固醇（LDL - C）、高密度脂胆固醇（HDL - C），并计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA - IR）。空腹血糖与各指标的关系应用 Pearson 单因素分析，FBG 与脑卒中的关系应用 Logistic 多因素进行分析。结果 T2MD 组及合并脑卒中组 BMI、FBG、HbA1C、Hcy、FINS、HOMA - IR、TC、TG、LDL - C 水平显著高于对照组（ P ﹤0.05），而 HDL - C 水平则低于对照组（ P ﹤0.05），其中合并脑卒中组 FBG、HbA1C、FINS、HOMA - IR、Hcy、LDL- C 水平显著高于 T2MD 组（ P ﹤0.05）。经 Pearson 单因素分析可知，FBG 与 FINS、HOMA - IR、LDL - C 呈正相关（ P﹤0.05）。经 Logistic 多因素分析显示，FBG、FINS、HOMA - IR、Hcy 是 T2MD 合并脑卒中发生的独立危险因素。结论T2MD 患者空腹血糖水平与新发缺血性脑卒中关系密切，且是脑卒中存在的独立危险因子。通过控制 T2MD 患者空腹血糖水平可有效预防缺血性脑卒中的发生。 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 武术套路运动技法的艺术思维本质与方式研究 | Artistic Thinking Essence and Mode of Wushu Routine Techniques |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Artistic Thinking Essence and Mode of Wushu Routine Techniques | 武术套路运动技法的艺术思维本质与方式研究 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 从汉代诗歌看汉代婚姻 | Analysis of Marriage State of Han Dynasty via Verse and Poetry Produced in It |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Analysis of Marriage State of Han Dynasty via Verse and Poetry Produced in It | 从汉代诗歌看汉代婚姻 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 9例新型冠状病毒无症状感染者的临床特征。目的:分析9例新型冠状病毒(2019 novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV)无症状感染者的临床特征，为2019-nCoV感染防治提供科学依据。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月21日至2月21日期间石家庄市第五医院收治的9例2019-nCoV无症状感染者的临床资料、实验室检测指标。结果:无症状感染者在各年龄段均有分布，其中男性5人、女性4人。无症状感染者入院第1天，白细胞、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞的检测值处于正常水平；入院后第3天，检测值增高，持续至入院第12天，结果趋于稳定。谷丙氨酸氨基转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶水平在入院期间处于正常水平，无一过性增高或降低。C反应蛋白水平在入院后第3天达到最高值，但始终在正常范围内。D-二聚体水平在入院期间相对稳定。T细胞亚群绝对值结果显示，无症状感染者在入院第7～15天，CD3＋、CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞水平较入院前升高。无症状感染者咽部核酸检测阳性平均持续时间为11.88 d，ORF1ab基因平均循环阈值为36.94，N基因平均循环阈值为35.43。结论:2019-nCoV无症状感染者的炎症反应轻微，机体免疫功能相对较好。 | Clinical characteristics of nine asymptomatic patients with 2019-nCoV infection. Objective:To investigate the clinical data of asymptomatic patients with 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in Shijiazhuang and provide scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:Retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical features and laboratory data of 9 asymptomatic 2019-nCoV infected patients, admitted to the Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from January 21, 2020 to February 21, 2020.Results:Asymptomatic infection was found in all age groups, including 5 males and 4 females. On the first day of admission, the detection result of leukocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils in asymptomatic patients were at normal levels. On the third day after admission, the results increased and continued to stabilize on the twelfth day. The levels of alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were at normal levels during hospitalization, without transient increase or decrease. The level of C-reactive protein reached the highest level on the third day after admission, but it was always in the normal range. D-dimer level was relatively stable during hospitalization. The absolute value of T cell subsets showed that the levels of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ T cells in asymptomatic infection patients were higher than those determined before admission. The average duration of pharyngeal nucleic acid positive detection in asymptomatic patients was 11.88 days. The average cycle threshold of ORF1ab gene and N gene was 36.94 and 35.43 respectively.Conclusions:The inflammatory reaction in patients with asymptomatic 2019-nCoV infection was mild, and the immune function was relatively good. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Clinical characteristics of nine asymptomatic patients with 2019-nCoV infection. Objective:To investigate the clinical data of asymptomatic patients with 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in Shijiazhuang and provide scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:Retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical features and laboratory data of 9 asymptomatic 2019-nCoV infected patients, admitted to the Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from January 21, 2020 to February 21, 2020.Results:Asymptomatic infection was found in all age groups, including 5 males and 4 females. On the first day of admission, the detection result of leukocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils in asymptomatic patients were at normal levels. On the third day after admission, the results increased and continued to stabilize on the twelfth day. The levels of alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were at normal levels during hospitalization, without transient increase or decrease. The level of C-reactive protein reached the highest level on the third day after admission, but it was always in the normal range. D-dimer level was relatively stable during hospitalization. The absolute value of T cell subsets showed that the levels of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ T cells in asymptomatic infection patients were higher than those determined before admission. The average duration of pharyngeal nucleic acid positive detection in asymptomatic patients was 11.88 days. The average cycle threshold of ORF1ab gene and N gene was 36.94 and 35.43 respectively.Conclusions:The inflammatory reaction in patients with asymptomatic 2019-nCoV infection was mild, and the immune function was relatively good. | 9例新型冠状病毒无症状感染者的临床特征。目的:分析9例新型冠状病毒(2019 novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV)无症状感染者的临床特征，为2019-nCoV感染防治提供科学依据。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月21日至2月21日期间石家庄市第五医院收治的9例2019-nCoV无症状感染者的临床资料、实验室检测指标。结果:无症状感染者在各年龄段均有分布，其中男性5人、女性4人。无症状感染者入院第1天，白细胞、淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞的检测值处于正常水平；入院后第3天，检测值增高，持续至入院第12天，结果趋于稳定。谷丙氨酸氨基转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶水平在入院期间处于正常水平，无一过性增高或降低。C反应蛋白水平在入院后第3天达到最高值，但始终在正常范围内。D-二聚体水平在入院期间相对稳定。T细胞亚群绝对值结果显示，无症状感染者在入院第7～15天，CD3＋、CD4＋、CD8＋T细胞水平较入院前升高。无症状感染者咽部核酸检测阳性平均持续时间为11.88 d，ORF1ab基因平均循环阈值为36.94，N基因平均循环阈值为35.43。结论:2019-nCoV无症状感染者的炎症反应轻微，机体免疫功能相对较好。 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 管理因子对草坪草种子生产影响的研究概况 | The effect of management factors on turfgrass seed production |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | The effect of management factors on turfgrass seed production | 管理因子对草坪草种子生产影响的研究概况 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 合肥市PM2.5对城市辐射和气温的影响。本文利用2013年2月-2014年3月安徽省合肥市地面总辐射(即向下短波辐射)、气温、地面温度、相对湿度等气象资料和PM2.5浓度资料,分析了合肥地区PM2.5和地面总辐射、地温和气温的关系,研究发现:(1)PM2.5浓度是影响总辐射的重要人为因子,在中午无云条件下,地面总辐射与PM2.5的浓度呈现较强的负相关关系,相关系数为-0.62.归一化地面总辐射和PM2.5的相关系数为-0.76,在早晨和傍晚的相关系数较小.平均而言,白天无云时PM2.5浓度每增加1μg·m-3,地面总辐射下降0.92 W·m-2.(2)在白天无云时,气温、地面温度和PM2.5浓度有明显负相关关系,PM2.5浓度对地面温度的影响远大于对气温的影响,在夏季的影响高于其它季节.气温、地温和PM2.5浓度的线性拟合直线的平均斜率分别为-0.022和-0.12,相当于PM2.5浓度增加10μg·m1,地温和气温分别平均下降0.22℃和1.2℃.(3)在天气尺度上,PM2.5浓度对总辐射、气温和地面温度有非常明显的影响,在2013年9月清洁个例和2013年12月的污染个例中,PM2.5浓度每增加1 μg· m-3,将引起总辐射下降1.8 W·m-2和0.5 W·m-2,地温下降0.11℃和0.02℃,气温下降0.03℃和0.01℃,因此在天气预报过程中也需要考虑空气污染状况. | Effects of PM2.5 on the urban radiation and air temperature in Hefei. Based on the global radiation data,air temperature data,ground temperature data,relative humidity data and PM2.5 concentration data from February 2013 to March 2014 in Hefei of Anhui province,the relationship among PM2.5 concentration,global radiation,air temperature,ground temperature was analyzed.Results show that (1) The concentration of PM2.5 is an important human factor to affect the global radiation in urban area.In the midday of cloud-free conditions,the global radiation and PM2.5 concentration presented strong negative correlation,the correlation coefficient reaches-0.62.The correlation coefficient between normalized global radiation and PM2.5 is-0.76,which is small in the morning and evening.On the average,when PM2.5 concentration increases by 1 μg· m-3,the global radiation declines by 0.92 W· m-2 in the daytime of the cloud-free conditions.(2) In the daytime of the cloud-free conditions,air temperature,ground temperature and PM2.5 concentration have obvious negative correlation.The effect of PM2.5 concentration on the ground temperature is greater than that on air temperature.The effects in summer is greater than those in other seasons.The average slopes of linear fitting line between air temperature,ground temperature and PM2.5 concentration are-0.12 and-0.022,respectively.It is also found that when PM2.5 concentration increases by 10 μg· m-3,ground temperature and air temperature on the average,fall 0.22 ℃ and 1.2 ℃,respectively.(3) On the weather scale,PM2.5 concentration has obvious influences on global radiation,ground temperature and air temperature.In September and December,1 μg· m-3 of PM2.5 concentration increasing would cause the global radiation decline by 1.8 W·m-2 and 0.5 W· m-2,ground temperature drop 0.11 ℃ and 0.02 ℃,the air temperature drop 0.03 ℃ and 0.01 ℃.The air-pollution condition should be considered in weather forecasting. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Effects of PM2.5 on the urban radiation and air temperature in Hefei. Based on the global radiation data,air temperature data,ground temperature data,relative humidity data and PM2.5 concentration data from February 2013 to March 2014 in Hefei of Anhui province,the relationship among PM2.5 concentration,global radiation,air temperature,ground temperature was analyzed.Results show that (1) The concentration of PM2.5 is an important human factor to affect the global radiation in urban area.In the midday of cloud-free conditions,the global radiation and PM2.5 concentration presented strong negative correlation,the correlation coefficient reaches-0.62.The correlation coefficient between normalized global radiation and PM2.5 is-0.76,which is small in the morning and evening.On the average,when PM2.5 concentration increases by 1 μg· m-3,the global radiation declines by 0.92 W· m-2 in the daytime of the cloud-free conditions.(2) In the daytime of the cloud-free conditions,air temperature,ground temperature and PM2.5 concentration have obvious negative correlation.The effect of PM2.5 concentration on the ground temperature is greater than that on air temperature.The effects in summer is greater than those in other seasons.The average slopes of linear fitting line between air temperature,ground temperature and PM2.5 concentration are-0.12 and-0.022,respectively.It is also found that when PM2.5 concentration increases by 10 μg· m-3,ground temperature and air temperature on the average,fall 0.22 ℃ and 1.2 ℃,respectively.(3) On the weather scale,PM2.5 concentration has obvious influences on global radiation,ground temperature and air temperature.In September and December,1 μg· m-3 of PM2.5 concentration increasing would cause the global radiation decline by 1.8 W·m-2 and 0.5 W· m-2,ground temperature drop 0.11 ℃ and 0.02 ℃,the air temperature drop 0.03 ℃ and 0.01 ℃.The air-pollution condition should be considered in weather forecasting. | 合肥市PM2.5对城市辐射和气温的影响。本文利用2013年2月-2014年3月安徽省合肥市地面总辐射(即向下短波辐射)、气温、地面温度、相对湿度等气象资料和PM2.5浓度资料,分析了合肥地区PM2.5和地面总辐射、地温和气温的关系,研究发现:(1)PM2.5浓度是影响总辐射的重要人为因子,在中午无云条件下,地面总辐射与PM2.5的浓度呈现较强的负相关关系,相关系数为-0.62.归一化地面总辐射和PM2.5的相关系数为-0.76,在早晨和傍晚的相关系数较小.平均而言,白天无云时PM2.5浓度每增加1μg·m-3,地面总辐射下降0.92 W·m-2.(2)在白天无云时,气温、地面温度和PM2.5浓度有明显负相关关系,PM2.5浓度对地面温度的影响远大于对气温的影响,在夏季的影响高于其它季节.气温、地温和PM2.5浓度的线性拟合直线的平均斜率分别为-0.022和-0.12,相当于PM2.5浓度增加10μg·m1,地温和气温分别平均下降0.22℃和1.2℃.(3)在天气尺度上,PM2.5浓度对总辐射、气温和地面温度有非常明显的影响,在2013年9月清洁个例和2013年12月的污染个例中,PM2.5浓度每增加1 μg· m-3,将引起总辐射下降1.8 W·m-2和0.5 W·m-2,地温下降0.11℃和0.02℃,气温下降0.03℃和0.01℃,因此在天气预报过程中也需要考虑空气污染状况. |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 铜陵长江大桥整体拼装低温焊接技术 | Integral Assembling and Low-Temperature Welding Techniques Used for Tongling Changjiang River Bridge |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Integral Assembling and Low-Temperature Welding Techniques Used for Tongling Changjiang River Bridge | 铜陵长江大桥整体拼装低温焊接技术 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 姬塬油田罗1长8油藏合理注水方式研究。对于注水开发油藏,选择合理的注水方式进行开采,实现油田的稳油控水是关键。运用油藏工程、数值模拟结果结合生产动态,通过对低渗透油田罗1区块注水时机、注水方式、注水强度及水井分注等方面的研究,总结出适合该类油藏的注水方式,有效提高水驱效率、补充地层能量、减缓递减,实现油田高效开发。 | Researching on the reasonable water flooding mode of Chang8 reservoir in Jiyuan oil field. It is the key that choose the reasonable water flooding mode for achieving the goal of controling water cut and keeping the stable oil production in water flooding reservoir.This areticle shows the reasonable water flooding mode of low permeability sandstone reservoir which will improve waterflood efficiency,supply reservoir pressure,slow decline of oil and develop the oilfield effectively,by taking measures such as reservoir engineering,numerical reservoir simulation and dynamic analysis,researching on water injection timing,water flooding mode,water injection intensity,separated-zone water flooding and so on in Luo 1 area which is a low permeability sandstone reservoir. |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Researching on the reasonable water flooding mode of Chang8 reservoir in Jiyuan oil field. It is the key that choose the reasonable water flooding mode for achieving the goal of controling water cut and keeping the stable oil production in water flooding reservoir.This areticle shows the reasonable water flooding mode of low permeability sandstone reservoir which will improve waterflood efficiency,supply reservoir pressure,slow decline of oil and develop the oilfield effectively,by taking measures such as reservoir engineering,numerical reservoir simulation and dynamic analysis,researching on water injection timing,water flooding mode,water injection intensity,separated-zone water flooding and so on in Luo 1 area which is a low permeability sandstone reservoir. | 姬塬油田罗1长8油藏合理注水方式研究。对于注水开发油藏,选择合理的注水方式进行开采,实现油田的稳油控水是关键。运用油藏工程、数值模拟结果结合生产动态,通过对低渗透油田罗1区块注水时机、注水方式、注水强度及水井分注等方面的研究,总结出适合该类油藏的注水方式,有效提高水驱效率、补充地层能量、减缓递减,实现油田高效开发。 |
Please translate the following sentences from Chinese to English. | 小型风力发电机模型及其接入系统研究 | Study on Wind Power Generation Models and Connection Systems |
Please translate the following sentences from English to Chinese. | Study on Wind Power Generation Models and Connection Systems | 小型风力发电机模型及其接入系统研究 |